Human Needs

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expanded

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Theresa I was born in Salzburg in 1981 and Brandstätter worked as a flight attendant for 14 years. Thailand is one of my Collaboration favourite countries. with I’m studying architecture at the Vienna University of Technology since 2014. My favourite topic is the „technical implemation and Sustainability“. In 2015 my son was born. Designing for the human needs in Bangkok is an exciting experience: working with this special topic, the people and the country. Karnthida She is studying architecture since Weerasai 2016 at Kasetsart University in and Bangkok. „I ́m interested in designing for the specific needs.“ Nongnaphat She is studying architecture since Seanruk 2016 at Kasetsart University in Bangkok. „I ḿ interested in designing space that is developed from function.“ „M o v e to iMprove“

W hat you are taking should be given back....what you are giving is coming wholistic thinking back. H ow much space do we really need at the end? O f our day? L iving a zero waste live with zero wasting space Is more space really the thing we need? Or should it be flexible for more possibilities? S elf sufficient life T aking care of each other, coming together and living together. I mportant is the thinking of a whole and not the part. C an we organise the human needs in a different way... Every human is unique in his/her thinking and his/her personal experience and interests. Thinking out of the box will be an important thing and thinking about the whole and not the part. Analysis is the most important thing to get all these important facts to create space, place, scale and position. Important information about climate, atmosphere, basic and special needs... For me it is important to think with all these facts in a sustainable way and to think on the human and for his/her better way in their future. Thinking for a better human being. (Für den Mensch und sein besseres Sein zu denken) (Theresa Brandstätter) The human scale (film) (Jan Gehl) IN DER MITTE STEHT DER MENSCH - PERSÖNLICHKEIT-WÄRME-SOZIAL IN THE MIDDLE IS THE HUMAN- WITH HIS/HER PERSONAL- WARMTH- SOCIAL Microtopia (film) John Wells 535 the field lab, Texas „how much room do we really need?“ - He is living in a Green house: rain goes in big storage tanks. “The quiet is unimaginable. He is not missing a thing -so beautiful and quiet out there.

Urban Worker/ Student Vendor Worker Tailor worker security guard 3:00 am Hygiene Sleeping Wake up 7:00 am 5:30 am Wake up 5:00 am 6:00 am coffe/ wake up 5:00 am wake up drinking Hygiene 6:00 am reading coffe/ Hygiene coffe social Eating reading 7:00 am media newspaper Sewing Hygiene 8:00 8:00 am start 5:00 am Sitting 9:00 am Hygiene working Hygiene arriving 9:00 am Eating 6:45 am take a at work nap start Sitting start working on working listening 11:00 am university to wake up the radio 3:00 pm take a go to nap work 3:00 pm Home Eating 7:00 pm Sitting 6:00 pm 8:00 pm 5:00 pm 6:00 pm leaving coming Hygiene arriving Home work listen to home Eating the 10:00 pm home 7:30 pm 6:30 pm Sleeping Hygiene Hygiene arriving radio preparing 6:00 pm 11:00 pm 8:00 pm fitness Eating dinner go to bed dinner Sleeping center 7:30 pm Hygiene sleeping 6:30pm 9:30 pm playing arriving 8:30 pm with his music, home son woriking 10:15 pm on his 8:00 pm small sitting on university his terrace dinner projects water the listen to 11:00 pm plants music go to bed 9:00 pm 11:30 pm sleeping reading Hygiene science 0:00 pm Sleeping

worker/ student needs basic and specific father 3 m x 1,5 m 3mx2m BASIC NEEDS worker/ Tailor Vendor father student 2,5 m x 1,8 m 3mx2m worker/ 33mmxx12,5,5mm student father 3mx2m 3 m x 1,5 m Tailor worker/ Tailor Vendor father VeUnrdboar n 3mx2m 3 m x 2,5 m w2o,5rkmerx 1,8 m student 3 m x 1,3 m 2,5 m x 1,8 m 3 m x 2,5 m 3 m x 1,5 m SPECIFIC NEEDS 䘀䄀一 䰀伀唀一䜀䔀 吀嘀 匀吀唀䐀夀 䄀刀䔀䄀 䜀䄀刀䐀䔀一 䈀䄀吀䠀 Tailor Vendor 3 m x 2,5 m Urban Worker/ wor2k,e5rm x 1,8 m security guard 圀䄀匀䠀䔀刀 䌀 伀 䴀 䴀 唀 一 䤀 吀 夀 3mx1,3m 䘀 䤀 匀 䠀 䤀 一 䜀 3 匀 吀 伀m x 1,5 m 刀 䄀 䜀 䔀 䘀䄀一 䰀伀唀一䜀䔀 吀嘀 匀吀唀䐀夀 䄀刀䔀䄀 䜀䄀刀䐀䔀一 圀䄀匀䠀䔀刀 Worker/ 匀吀伀刀䄀䜀䔀 䈀䄀吀䠀 security guard Tailor 䌀 伀 䴀 䴀 唀 一 䤀 吀 夀 3mx1,5m 䘀 䤀 匀 䠀 䤀 一 䜀 Urban cooking together Basic Specific Working place worker/ worker Needs Needs father AUT THA Worker/ Eating table growplants security Hygiene playing/ kids guard Sleeping/ TV social media/ listening resting to music /radio Vendor communicate Watching TV, student 557

holistic approach Holistic thinking ecologically and economically thinking completeness ecologically building body spirit the middle and the whole humane building altruism/ charity socially people friendly city just human health human high quality food econo- good climate mically good ecologically microclimate Soul increase life quality environment education c Theresa Brandstätter Independence water turbine life quality meeting place Prototype Flora and fauna Recycling good climate collect rainwater

INDEPENDENCE prototype FLORA AND FAUNA Green facade on the south wall gear to move the floors working area Extended floor COLLECT open air kitchen RAINWATER WATER RECYCLING TURBINE COMPOSTIING for energy storage growplants under the prototype GOOD CLIMATE/ MICROCLIMATE Life quality The Idea: The reason why humans prefer more space is because of more possibility and and more flexibility. So with my designed movable system, I will give less space with more flexibility and possibilty. This will be done with human power mechanically. A breathing prototype that is flexible in its spatial dimension according to fixed basic space needed during a day and then grows or decreases accord- ing to special needs of users and depends on site. Therefore space will be developed according to minimum basic needs and become bigger and small- er according to specific needs by users. Design for 3 Thai or Austrian people. Floors extended Floors 579 inside

11,00 m 9,80 m Plant area 3rd floor 8,30 m 7,80 m isolated storage 2nd floor room 4,80 m 5,50 m 1st floor 3,00 m

m 9,80 m Structure with columns and beams , 3rd floor floors and roof 7,80 m age Structure with walls 2nd floor Movable floors 5,50 m Gear 1st floor 3,00 m 1 Selfsupporting staircase in + 3,00 m 3 2 concrete 1 Gear shorea obtusa 1m 2 hard balls of rubber 691 moving the floors diameter 40 mm 3 Stainless steel 0m Shorea Obtusa hard wood Storage in MMaatteerriiaal l algae the floors coconncceepptt wall Material cleaning cosenlfcseuppptorting the air staircase in water concrete turbine

Contemplation andexpanded Growplant area The expanded protogype gives place for about 15 people. The idea is to move the floors to give the people the opportunity to come together in a community zone on the top of the prototype and also un- der the prototype. Shared/communal staircase outside can also be a meeting and communication zone. There will be an extra zone for self im- provement, for contemplation and for planting and growing plants. An extra flexible room can be offered to relatives and guests. Community area Guest room for 3 people

extended Sleeping outside Small site specific MAP Bathroom Floor flexible to both sides outside Kitchen outside extended to the other side private terrace isolated storgage room- always connected to the staircase private area/working zone Atmosphere Sun runs in N Bankgok Day situation 12:15 WO ⴀ㈀⸀　 S N 19:56 03:59 28. Juni Algae cleaning O W system Night situation Raised beds, community zonSe extended: Room for exercise, place for all, extended to ⴀ㄀⸀㄀　 ⬀ⴀ　⸀　 the other side: private terrace closed 1613 position: private area

NIRAN tawan ittarat (pale) I‘m a 23-year-old architecture student at the Faculty of Architecture of Kasetsart Univer- sity. The experimental design project was very exciting and challenged me to find a new working way. I knew working with others is hard, but both partners made me enjoy the work. Sofia worked so hard and researched many ideas for our experiment. When I have a problem, Nut will always give me solutions for solving it and is good in material research and site context details. This work taught me how an other country approaches a design proposal. It‘s more than selecting one way to solve the problem, it‘s experimenting with the design solution. I enjoyed working on this project, which was small in scale, but complex on the thinking system. nutnicha kitjaorapin (nut) I am an architecture student in the 3rd year at Kasetsart University, Bangkok. I am inte- rested in the experimental design studio because it opened new experiences and helped me in changing my attitude towards others. It was very exciting. The project was small and for only a few people, but very detailed in how it helped us think about residents and site. It made me learn a new working process: material selection in design, construction and use of environmentally friendly materials. I am very happy to work with Sofia and Pale. Sofia always had a new idea. She made me learn new things in working with others, daring to think and propose opinions. Pale supported me and helped me with research for the interviews and site analysis. It was a very good experience for me. sofia lichvarova I am a 23-year-old architecture student in my final year of bachelor studies at the TU Wien. My interest in this experimental design studio was sparked by the idea of a holistic approach, which I was curious to see demonstrated in the design process. When I read the description of this studio, it seemed as the ideal choice considering my idea of what I want to do as an architect one day. I enjoyed the whole process very much and the foreign aspect of it was refreshing and very humbling. I appreciate the work my two Thai colleagues Pale and Nut have done - the interviews, site scouting and analysis and mate- rial research. Thanks to their work and insights I was able to understand the conditions in Bangkok a lot better, and they never hesitated when I asked for help. This studio was a great learning experience, and the holistic approach to architecture is one that I will try to consciously practice from now on. ‚N ira n ‘: a name of Thai or i gi n meani ng ‚ever- growi ng‘ or ‚ever lasti ng‘. Chosen as th e p ro - ject name, because it speaks not only to the green aspect of the building itself, but also to the adaptability and sustainability of its design concept.

on wholism wholistic thinking Wholism means perceiving something as a whole which is more than the sum of its parts - understanding the importance of these single parts, and at the same time seeing that they are connected and intertwined and therefore treating them as one system. In our opinion, the key aspect of wholism is to do research to be aware enough to make well-informed decisi- ons, as well as to be able to make predictions about future developments of certain issues. This is the reason why research at the very beginning of this experimental studio about the conditions in Bangkok and Thailand in general, as well as about sustainability and efficient space-planning was so important - it allowed us to prepare a stronger foundation for the project. the human scale microtopia bangkok character KEYPOINTS: KEYPOINTS: crowdedness, richness • our cities are ever-growing • the idea of downsizing to reduced housing but liveliness of culture • ‚Hum an s do n ot fit the cliché of mo de r nit y.‘ forms • we move to the cities in search of jobs, mo- • the trend of living small is very popular, yet ney and better life, yet we lack the knowledge very few people can actually imagine living in of what a good urban habitat should look like such compressed and minimal space • how to improve the quality of life and accom- • we should think more about the materials we modate the rising number of residents without use adding buildings? • issue of public spaces: houses are too priva- • what we need: fresh air, exercise and space for te, not inviting, it is very hard to find a pleasant meeting other people public space in the residential areas of the city PROPOSALS: PROPOSALS: constant terrible • more public spaces = more public life • minimizing the essential space of every shelter humidity traffic situation • city planners should think more about our own and setting the shelters to an adequate distance needs, rather than the requirements based on from one another results in shared space the traffic and other modern-day factors • alternative solutions for dwellings – trucks, • look at examples: Mediterranean area cities - shipping containers and other industrial mate- built in human scale - models for the bigger ci- rials as foundations for modular homes ties which have been built for cars? • ‚ He a l t he eco lo g y o f t he wo rld by us ing t ra s h.’ • cities should work with whatever they currently • modular homes would enable the connection possess with the outer surroundings by (visually) expan- • doing more with less ding their space to the exterior Both documentaries support the idea of not adding, increasing or enlarging, but rather rethinking, improving and fixing. Whether this means looking for a solution for the whole city, or just for one of its neighborhoods, we should listen to our own needs and try to filter out the essential ones – because how much comfort do we actually need? street food air pollution bangkok climate JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OC T NOV DEC sunniest coolest hottest wettest months month month month 27,8°C 31,7°C 311mm sunniest months cloudiest months (southwest monsoons) community, old board games vs. new low high high low humidity humidity humidity humidity cool hot & drier hot & sunny hot & drier hot & rainy cool season season season season season season • weather dominated by the monsoon climate: it is usually either hot/warm & dry, or hot/ warm & wet classes hectic • spaces do not cool even during the night of society lifestyle • generally VERY humid (spring humidity reaches 70-73%) • floods are common, good breeding ground for insects (near still waters) bangkok housing history 365 To understand the current Thai housing trends, we researched their historical development during the second half of the last century. up to 1957: country was rather poor | houses for many family members, mostly wooden & two-storied 1957-67: improvement of the economy | establishment of institutes of higher education | new well-educated generation | earning more money | growing tendency to live separately | modern houses (tuks) built out of concrete, the usage of wood reduced to ornamental components| later half-concrete (in the lower part), half-wooden (upper part) houses 1967-77: retainment of naturalness and localism in houses | new concepts of lightness and sun-and-wind as compensation for the bulky features of tuk houses | built with local construction techniques – bricks, washed gravel surface. 1st location-adapted really efficient house: dome in the roof (natural light during the day, reduction of need for electricity, cooling in the night), lifted lower level with a drainage system under the house, water filtering system. Later problem with underground water levels (Chao Praya river system made the soil soft and damp) | houses sinking because of concrete | mas- sive requirements for land and people’s budgets | other styles preferred 1977-87: whole different lifestyle | ready-to-eat western food | modern houses, lavish details | working ‘corporate’ hours | residential styles di- verted from the original | longing for the original Thai houses | renovations & new houses of original traditional style 1987-97: expansion of service sector | western ideology | urban environment = concrete jungle, glass office buildings, condominiums | more confidence in technologies (air conditioning) | construction lacked quality, many buildings later abandoned It is obvious that the social – economic – political dimensions are intertwined and have a significant influence on all other aspects of life. This fact underlines the importance wholistic approach and understanding relations.

thai interviews Analysing the daily routine, activities and free-time hobbies of three ordinary Thai people. Vietnamese 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 FREE-TIME HOBBIES noodle seller cooking many types of food Chinese shrine playing smart phone watchman games Rice vermicelli watching television seller GENERAL FACTS: sleeping - Thais tend to live alone, but their private life & space merges with work life & space eating - their days start rather early, even though they do not end that much earlier out of the house - daily regime revolves around work, which they are very dedicated to working (in the house) - most people work in the service area - selling food, providing transport, etc. - weekend in shared space work - people use their time to the full extent - TV and games generally play an important role - space requirements are very minimal, people invite ‘strangers’ into their homes austrian interviews Analysing the daily routine, activities and free-time hobbies of three ordinary Austrian people. 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 FREE-TIME HOBBIES Young foreign running, student growing plants Middle-aged spending time worker & family with family Elderly rural baking, gardening, baker & dog walking her dog GENERAL FACTS: sleeping - Austrians live mostly in groups - with partners, families, in WGs, etc. eating - daily activities start much later than in Thailand out of the house - work is very important, but so are free-time activities working (in the house) - people rarely work at home, work life and private life are usually completely separated, in shared space and so are the spaces - because of this fact, Austrians spend more time commuting to work, school, etc. - people try to incorporate many types of activities into their free time - in a lot of cases, people have much more space than they actually need

interviews conclusion needs basic and specific Analysing the potential and requirements of the combination of Thai and Austrian users. Vietnamese 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 FREE-TIME HOBBIES noodle seller cooking many types Young foreign of food running, student growing plants playing smart phone Chinese shrine games watchman spending time with family Middle-aged worker & family watching television Rice vermicelli baking, gardening, seller walking her dog Elderly rural baker & dog SUMMARY KEYPOINTS: sleeping - at all times, at least 1 person is at home eating - between 3:00 and 23:00 there is always at least 1 person awake out of the house - all people eat roughly at the same times (especially dinner) working (in the house) - people working at home work in the kitchen in shared space - between 20:00 and 21:00 everybody is present in the shared space - each person has at least 1 hobby (specific need), but not all of them require an allocated space needs conclusion Determining the spaces where the basic and specific needs of each user can take place in. BASIC NEEDS SPECIFIC NEEDS private working - private semi-private - sleeping hanging out - watching TV - semi-private playing - - sleeping semi-public - eating cooking - selling food - public gardening - R E S U LT IN G CONDITIONS: - at all times, at least 1 person is at home - house can be very open to community - between 3:00 and 23:00 there is always at least 1 person awake - private and quiet spaces for everyone should be pro- vided - all people eat roughly at the same times (especially dinner) - eating space has to be big enough to accommodate all users - people working at home work in the kitchen - kitchen should be in focus and should communicate with the community - between 20:00 and 21:00 everybody is present in the shared space - living and eating spaces should be very flexible - each person has at least 1 hobby (specific need), but not all of them require an allocated space - hobbies can take place in the shared space or the flexible private spaces 567

holistic approach holistic problem solving When a problem occurs in a system, the holistic approach focuses on finding a root cause and tries to treat the spot it stems from by finding a long-term solution, rather than treating the symptoms of the problem. In this experimental design studio, our team practiced the holistic approach in the problem-solving process - the aim was to find a minimum amount of the most efficient solutions for a maximum amount of problems. BRAINSTORMING (Is the solution applicable no to other problems as well?) yes REQUIREMENT EXECUTION (There is a problem, (This is the option chosen a solution is needed.) to solve the problem.) BRAINSTORMING (What are the options for solving this problem?) This approach certainly improved our understanding of the issues we encountered during the design process, and therefore made addressing them significantly easier. It pushed us towards keeping more design aspects in mind at once, but not in a cluttering and overwhelming way. Thanks to the holistic approach, we managed to find solutions which in the end reduce environmental impact, cost, building time and effort in general. holistic design 1t a l l SPATIAL PROGRAMME requirements (and solutions) rooms - minimum space size, maximum volume (1) - same flexible & efficient space for both basic and specific needs (1,3) 2c o l u m n s - simple and logical orientation for each user (3,5) - easily accessible living spaces (3,5) & beams - circulation with added value (5) - organic connection and direct communication with public space (3,5) 3s i m p l e - adaptability for extension or reduction (2,3,4) leveled MATERIALITY & CONSTRUCTION requirements (and solutions) floor plan - local materials to support economy in the community & avoid transport costs (2,4) - recycled materials to utilize and reduce waste in the surroundings (4) 4pre -fab - durable materials to maximize use per cost and lower maintenance (2,4) - prefabricated elements to ensure quick and easy montage (2,4) building - lifted structure to avoid flooding (2) elements - simple specific elements to improve immediate surroundings (5,6) 5ver tical BUILDING TECHNOLOGY requirements (and solutions) green - utilizing natural forces: space • cold air stays low, warm air goes up (1,5,6) 6p e r m e a b l e • opening the building for cross-ventilation (5,6) walls • installing solar and photovoltaic panels to generate energy (7) 7u t i l i z e d • collecting and filtering rainwater to use for showering, cooking (7) roof • reusing greywater for flushing the toilet (7) - elements for cleaning air from smell and dirt (5) - elements for cancelling noise (5,6) - elements for protection against direct sunlight (5,6,7)

the parts prototype Establishing one spatial module (a living 4m unit) with the size of 5 x 2 meters creates a living space with the size of 10 m2, which, 5m 10m2 according to the western standards, is the mi- 2m nim a l size o f a ‘ro o m’. The height of 4 meters will aid in natural ventilation and will also provide vertical sto- rage space. Defining a clear character of the space. The 2m night 2m fixed full fixed green fixed full flexible facades can be combined into various space flexible flexible f i xfeudl l arrangements according to what each user needs and prefers. 1m - night space: calm, shaded | fixed | full & green walls day - day space: space lively, bright | flexible | permeable facades, 2m 3m curtains 2m the whole Units will be arranged in a way which encourages circulation with 1 meter height differences. Their green parts will form a green core which will enclose the circulation - a staircase leading to each of the units. P R I VAT E (living, sleeping) - 3 units SEMI- SEMI-PUBLIC P R I VAT E (cooking, (hygiene) eating) - 2 units - 1 unit PUBLIC (communicating, playing games) - street level 769

inside-oriented flexibility The single units are all the same in size, but have different functions - kitchen, bedroom, bathroom, etc. - all of them look the same from the outside, but are adapted in the interior. They all have fixed (montaged to the construction) and flexible (construction-independent) parts of furniture, which can be moved around. Another aspect of the inside-oriented flexi- bility is the various types of facades, which provide the users with diverse kinds of experiences with their surroundings. +3,00 +2,00 Day space +6,00 Hygiene Living & dining room for specific Living unit 03 (semi-private) needs (accor- (private, double) (semi-public) ding to each +1,00 +5,00 user) Living unit 02 Kitchen Night space (private, single + 1) (semi-public) for basic needs (sleeping) 0,00 +4,00 Street level Living unit 01 (private, single) (public) green walls filter air, solar panels on the roof collect water and cancel sound provide the building with energy air flows out through the core cross ventilation and sun rainwater protection through green is collected and stored and permeable walls in the water tank +5,00 Living unit 02 +3,00 air flows (private, single + 1) Hygiene through (private shared) the units cross ventilation and sun protection through green air flows in and permeable walls +1,00 Kitchen (semi-public) 0,00 Street level (public) living units Each living unit is differently fur- nished and can be adaped accor- ding to the needs of its inhabitant. All units have permeable facades from teak wood and canvas cur- tains, which, along with the green wall, allow for cross ventilation and protection from the sun. The panelled part of the facade serves for protection and privacy of the night space. Curtains can be shut and opened as desired. Construc- tion inside is utilized for storage and hanging space.

structural axonometry materiality Takien wood Strong hardwood suitable for heavy load-bearing constructi- on (beams, columns), similarly colored as teak, often used for furniture and cabinet making. Takien wood Reclaimed teak wood Reclaimed teak wood stairs Teak wood beams & pillars floor & wall cladding stair thickness: 50mm A pest-resistant hardwood main: 200x200mm panel thickness: 25mm known for unique durabili- secondary: 120x200mm platform thickness: 100mm ty thanks to its capability to arm thickness: 50mm withstand all kinds of weather. steel ropes: Ø10mm Does not get discolored in con- tact with metal. May be acqui- facade details sketches red reclaimed and used for wall or floor cladding. column beam column upper beam beam wall Canvas curtains panel Extremely durable plain-wo- rail ven fabric usually made from cotton or linen. It serves well canvas canvas wall tongue when used for visual division of curtain curtain panel & groove spaces, because it allows air to beam beam joint flow through and is also trans- column beam facade lower lucent. upper part wall wood biscuit joint panel facade facade lower part waterproof canopy beam beam green wall construction detail Steel ropes Green plants 1000mm Substrate A very durable easy to install Steel rope Ø 10mm 750mm Drainage layer (gravel) material used in form of ropes Pot from recycled plastic which hold suspended stairs Takien wood column 200x200mm and serve as a support for growing plants while allowing Reclaimed teak wood stair 50mm light, air and water to get Steel pot holder 5mm through. Steel fixing plate 5mm Green plants Takien wood beam 200x200mm 25mm Reclaimed teak wood floor The plants serve as an air filter panel and a cooling and sound- can- celling element while collec- 120x200mm Takien wood beam ting water which is then stored in a water tank and used for co- oking, showering, and flushing 971 the toilet.

expanded Possibility of vertical addition - one by one. Possi bi li t y of hor i zontal ad d i ti on - whole ‚cluste r s‘. Po s s ibil it y o f ver tical and hor i zontal ad d i ti on - one by one / ‚clusters‘. ‘Le t e a ch h o b by a re a b e a co m m o n a rea f o r m o re co m m o n s p a ce th a t ea c h p er s o n ca n a f f o rd.’ - Thai interview +1,00 +4,00 +3,00 +2,00 service/shop shared space +2,00 +1,00 (kitchen, living, studying, etc.) bathroom +3,00 +4,00 +1,00 +2,00 +4,00 +3,00 +1,00 +4,00 +2,00 +1,00 +3,00 +4,00 +2,00 +3,00 +1,00 +2,00 +4,00

ground floor plan in context site specific dCirheucotioSnuetoHothneg shrine living walk-through & kitchen Fishy & oily smell backyard dining Talad Noi from the river green walls room for growing facing A district which goes by the name storage the ‚small market‘ is a riverside com- space produce garden munity sitting on the periphery of Bangkok‘s Chinatown. It is a curtains ihnee calm historic neighbourhood with to let light in hospitable locals offering a bit of t their culture. r to sh Rdoirnegc tKiuoank section in context site context space for resting, space for living, reading, contemplating cooking, sleeping storage space space for meeting, eating together space for communicating, playing board games, spending time with others site design cultural area green area Chao Praya River pedestrian area user-specific facades EXAMPLE: Vietnamese noodles seller ...spends most of the time in the kitchen, where she creates and wri- tes down new recipes. balcony sheltered 1173 for sitting night space outside

Beatrice Aimée I am a 24-year-old architecture student. I was born in Romania from a Romanian mother and an African father, and raised in Italy. I have studied in Venice and now I am studying in Vienna. For me, architecture is a discipline that connects different aspects of our reality, with one very simple goal: giving comfort to the human being. As I myself have a multi-faceted background, I am utterly fascinated with different cultures and different possible approach- es to architecture. It was only natural for me to join this project. Chanikan Wichanphon I am 22 years old. I am a student in the third year of architecture at Kasetsart University (Bangkhen Campus). I am interested how environment affects human behavior. Envi- ronment and human behavior affect to design architecture. Archi- tecture also can affect to human behavior. In my opinion, archi- tecture is specific to its environment that is inherently different. I believe that architecture is invented from human behavior. In the same way, architecture also gives shape to human behavior. Netchanok Sungkhow I am 21 years old student in the Faculty of Architecture of Kaset- sart University. I decided to study architecture because when I see the buildings around me, I feel interested in the history , the motivation and why these buildings have different shapes. I ex- pect to be able to create or build good buildings like I have seen in the past. I joined this project because it is interesting and challenging. I hope this will increase my abilities in architecture and my English proficiency too. Last, I expect our project will be good architecture and an example to the others. Achiraya Nuangjumnong (Donut) I am 21 Years old. I am studying architecture at Kasetsart Univer- sity. I was born in Rayong, Thailand. I decided to study architec- ture because I would like to design my house like my uncle who is architect. I expect to understand more about design, because architecture has a lot of detail that depends on experience. So, I have decided to study a subject that works with foreign partners. WALL + ROOF

Microtopia: small spaces (from ancient Greek: micro means wwhhoolliisstticicththinikniknigng small, thòpos means place, or better in this case space) are not a conventional way of approaching living and architecture. The designers, before starting their projects, have asked themselves: “What do I need? What do we need?”. “Beautiful is what necessary.” - Jay Shafer “What do you actually need?” - Jay Shafer “Life itself feels dimished in a space you don’t need. “- Jay Shafer While trying to respect a maybe more authentic way of living, choosing a small space seems to be an act of civil disobedience and of protest. The landscape is a powerfull element in the small living. It gives the impression that reducing the human space to a minimum means creating space for a fruitful connection with the surrounding. [The landscape] “expands our space visually.”- Jennifer Siegal What do humans need? How do they behave in the city, how do they move, where do they stand and where do they feel comfortable? “We know better about animal habitats , than those for humans”.- Jan Gehl Giving space for people to mingle, to sit, to associate, to play and to be spontaneous is important. Life happens in the most unforeseen ways, but for it, free space is needed. What seems to be an inefficient and empty space can been hu- manized and become the symbol of a city. 735

AUSTRIAN THAI WORKER WORKER 15’’ 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 general hygiene 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 15’’ general hygiene 20’’ cooking and eating cooking and eating 25’’ preparing 15’’ relaxing/TV 30’’ organizing / cleaning working 60’’ playing 60’’ cooking and eating 30’’-60’’ cooking and eating >60’’ relaxing/TV 15’’ story time 60’’ relaxing/TV 30’’-60’’ 60’’ FOREIGN SENIOR 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 15’’ general hygiene 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 15’’ general hygiene cooking and eating cooking and eating 20‘‘ preparing (also the children) 15’’ taking care of niece general hygiene / preparing going outside 25’’ talking, socializing eating outside sport at home relaxing/TV 15’’ relaxing/TV 60’’ cooking and eating 30’’ >60’’ 30’’ 60’’ 30’’-60’’ 30’’-60’’ 60’’ 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23YOUNG WORKER general hygiene YOUNG WORKER 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 general hygiene cooking and eating wearing makeup 5’’ preparing 15’’ buying meatballs 15’’ general hygiene 30’’ and preparing 10’’ talking, socializing 60’’ working 15’’ preparing >60’’ cooking and eating >60’’ relaxing 30’’-60’’ preparing meatballs 20’’ cooking and eating 60’’ 60’’ 30’’-60’’ work at home necessary activity leisure activity outdoor activity

BASIC NEEDS nneeeeddssbbaasisciacnadnsdpescpifeiccific AVERAGE USAGE OF TIME IN A DAY 23 24 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 SLEEP WORK LEISURE BASIC NEEDS SPECIFIC NEEDS what makes you function what makes you happy 䘀䄀一 SPECIFIC NEEDS 䰀伀唀一䜀䔀 吀嘀 匀吀唀䐀夀 䄀刀䔀䄀 䜀䄀刀䐀䔀一 sleeping 圀䄀匀䠀䔀刀 䌀c伀o䴀ok䴀in唀g 一䤀吀夀 䘀䤀匀䠀䤀一䜀 匀吀伀wa刀t䄀ch䜀in䔀g tv 䈀䄀吀䠀 socializing 䘀䄀一 䰀伀唀一䜀䔀 吀嘀 匀吀唀䐀夀 䄀刀䔀䄀 䜀䄀刀䐀䔀一 preparing 圀䄀匀䠀䔀刀 䌀w伀o䴀rk䴀in唀g 一䤀吀夀 䘀䤀匀䠀䤀一䜀 匀 吀 伀 刀ta䄀lk䜀in䔀g 䈀䄀吀䠀 relaxing repairing hygiene playing wearing make up THE ACTIVITIES THAT MAKE A PERSON’S LIFE FUNCTION TAKE A LOT OF TIME. BUT ARE THEY SUPPOSED TO TAKE ALL THE SPACE? 757

holistic approach FFORORMTTHHEE USER NATURE USER COMFORT SPECIFIC RELAXING FLEXIBILITY NEEDS BASIC WORKING SPLIT LEVELS COOKING PHOTOVOLTAIC SLEEPING SLEEPING DEVELOPMENT IN HEIGHT SMALL FLOORPLAN VENTILATION TROPICAL CLIMA RAIN WATER COLLECTION MOONSOON BAMBOO GREEN INTEGRATION DENSITY POLLUTION AFFORDABILITY AFDRAOMPTTIHNEGENTVOIROTNHMEENT ENVIRONMENT FOR THE USER ADAPTING TO THE EN- VIRONMENT

AIR FLOW prototype AIR FLOW SLEEP MOST RAIN WORK / STUDY PRIVATE WATER GREEN TERRACE PRIVATE COLLECTION BATHROOM AND SEMI-PUB- KITCHEN LIC FRESH AIR ENTRANCE / LIVING PUBLIC ROOM ENTRANCE BAMBOO FOREST STUDYING SLEEPING WASHING PASSIVE COMMON SPACE COOKING ACTIVE COMMON SPACE 779

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION LEVEL 3 PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION The WALL+ROOF structure +4.80 absorbs the basic needs, the utilities, and provides all the LEVEL 2.5 basics needed for a living. +4.20 On the wall, there are var- ious split levels. First, from LEVEL 2.5 the bottom, there is a cooking LEVEL 2 +3.20 space and a washroom, both +3.40 directly served with the col- lected rainwater. Above these, LEVEL 2 there is a study, a wardrobe +2.60 space and a sleeping area. With this compact distribution of LEVEL 1 +1.00 the programmatic spaces, there is much free space for other LEVEL 0.5 things to happen: the space for +0.40 the specific needs of the users. An ACTIVE COMMON SPACE LEVEL 0 is defined on the lower lev- el: it can be loud recreation- workshop table and later al space or a work space. a dining table. A split-lev- The furniture can be opened el bench can be a sitting and closed, lowered and spot, a couch, a container, heightened. A table can be a and even a stage. Some staircases contain draw- PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION ers, others might even have a television inside. PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENTPRVEORDSUICOEND BY AN AUTODESK STUPDREONDTUVCEERDSIBOYNAN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION A PASSIVE COMMON PASSIVE COMMON SPACE SPACE is defined on a PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION relaxing higher hanging level: it is gardening green, quiet, reflective. In yoga this room, privacy is opti- reading mized. The green terrace painting becomes a private refuge, a relaxation or studying ACTIVE COMMON SPACE spot. It is up to the user to eating choose how to enjoy the socializing working talking watching tv space. PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUPDREONDTUVCEERDSIBOYNAN AUTODESK STUDENTPRVOERDSUICOEND BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION LEVEL 2 LEVEL 2.5 LEVEL 2 LEVEL 2 LEVEL 2.5 LEVEL 2.5 LELVEEVLE2L 2 PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSIONLELVEEVLE2L.52.5LEVEL 2LEVEL 2.5PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION+3.40+4.20 +3.40 +4.20 +3.+430.40 PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION+4.+240.20+3.40+4.20 PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION +3.40 +4.20 PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION LEVEL 1 +1.00 LEVEL 1 +1.00 LEVEL 1 +1.00 LEVEL 3 LEVEL 3 LEVEL 3 +4.80 +4.80 +4.80 LEVEL 2 LEVEL 2.5 LEVEL 2 LEVEL 2.5 LEVEL 2.5 LEVEL 2 LELVEEVLE2L.52.5 LEVEL 2.5 +2.60 +3.20 +2.60 +3.20 +2.60 +3.+230.20 +3.20 +3.20 LEVEL 0.5 LEVEL 0 LEVEL 0.5 LEVEL 0 LEVEL 0.5 LEVEL 0 +0.40 +0.40 +0.40

SHOREA OBTUSA Hard wood Original in Thailand Sustainable BAMBOO Versatile Original in Thailand Sustainable wood pavement 2,4 cm PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION cork insulation 14x16 cm osb 3,5 cm bamboo structure d 10 cm bamboo pillarts 1,9 cm rope PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSIONbamboo cladding2,4 cm structural beam 14x16 cm membrane 3,5 cm PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION 5 layer wood board d 10 cm rainwater pipe 1,9 cm 3 layer wood board 891

expandedPRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSIONLEVEL 1 +1.00 LEVEL 3 PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION +4.80 HOUSING FOR SIX LEVEL 2.5 PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION+4.20 LEVEL 2.5 LEVEL 2.5 +3.20 LEVEL 2 +3.20 +3.40 LEVEL 0.5 LEVEL 2 +0.40 +2.60 LEVEL 0 PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION LEVEL 2 LEVEL 2.5 LEVEL 2 LEVEL 2.5 +3.40 +4.20 +3.40 +4.20 LEVEL 1 +1.00 LEVEL 1 +1.00 LEVEL 3 +4.80 LEVEL 2.5 +4.20 LEVEL 2.5 LEVEL 2 +3.20 +3.40 LEVEL 3 LEVEL 0.5 LEVEL 2 +4.80 +0.40 +2.60 LEVEL 2 LEVEL 2.5 LEVEL 2.5 LEVEL 0 +2.60 +3.20 +3.20 LEVEL 0 PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION COMMUNITY PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION LEVEL 2 LEVEL 2.5 LEVEL 2 LEVEL 2.5 HOUSING UNIT +3.40 +4.20 +3.40 +4.20 EXPANSION TERRACE LEVEL 1 +1.00 LEVEL 1 +1.00 LEVEL 3 SEMI-PUBLIC +4.80 TERRACE HOUSING UNIT LEVEL 2.5 SHARED GARDEN +4.20 HOUSING UNIT FOR 6 LEVEL 2.5 LEVEL 2 +3.20 +3.40 LEVEL 3 LEVEL 0.5 LEVEL 2 +4.80 +0.40 +2.60 LEVEL 2 LEVEL 2.5 LEVEL 2.5 LEVEL 0 +2.60 +3.20 +3.20 LEVEL 0

LEFT SIDE OF DESIGN AREA site specific PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSIONSTAIRCASES STAIRCASES RECREATIONAL ADDITIONALPRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSIONCIRCULATION SEMI-PUBLIC TERRACE TERRACES STORE STOR- TRASH BINS BAMBOO GARDEN AGE BAMBOO GARDEN 1813

team students pitpsiatsannuu aauuppaBanKB,nK5,9151921001620100601 auarourroarazzoorrddaann, 1,5125924894484 nantatatptaonpgod5nu9gm1r1doB2nBugK0Kms0a4rtioe5nn7,g59sa11t2ie00n4,57 WW borbnoinrnBoinngkBoak,ntbhgbiaokii:looank:d, tinhdaeilcaenmdbeinr bboorrnnininvevneicne,icibtbaeiioloy,: :iintafelybriunarfye1b99ru6 - bboornrinn ninann, athnai,labtbnhiiodoa::inilasenpdteminbseer 1p9-97 dece1m996ber 1996 staartrsya1rc9h9ite6cstutarertstsuadiercs hatittehectaurtrisetic sttaermts bseturd1ie9s 97atstararjstismsatudwiitetasyaaltai highstuscdhioeosl aoft vtehneicae,rtwisitthicfohcigushon starts stusdtiaesrtast ssuturadsaiek smaonttsriuscraho-ol in rascjshimooal inwscitietancyea&lmaai tshcehmoaoticl si.n sasckiemncoen&tmriastchehmoaotilcisn. sci- school of lavnednscicaepe, ,with focus nowssctuiedynincgea&t tmheaktahseetmsarat utnicivse.rsity, now studyiongnalat tnhedtseccahnpicea,l university now studeynincgea&t tmheakathseetsmartautnicivse.rsity, nowwitshtufodcyuisnogn aarct htihteectkuraes. et- nowwithsftoucdusyoinn garcahtitethcteurek.aset- now studyininvgienantat. he techni- sart university, with focus on sart university, with focus on cal university in aricntheriteestcs: ture. viniteenrenstas: . architecture. exterior architects and building interior architecture and housing, tiny interests: builds and design, as well as graphics. structure tectonic, creating new sustainable architecture, building love learning ninewtelarengsutsa:ges, linguistics lovebmleueaailrtxdnetiirneniagrglsito,hsareitnsracwuteoreccmrlltehmuaisstruteegsnr:citatyetpsahcnaictdosn.lnodcica,l interior apracsshioitneactet.ure and struscautnusdrteac, ionlonacseaibnrlvltemeetarahetaersciritaahsrl:citwheiittcehcttuteurcreeto.,nic creatingwanyes owf limfe.aterials, as housing, tiny builds and building structure, local well as graphics. loves leainrsnpiinragtiotnh: e commu- design, asinswpieraltlioans: graphics. material with tectonic and ‘if you loloovkeves rlyesatrarnigihntgatnaepwroblem, conserve itnhspairiaatiorcn:hitecture. ‘Whantityalraeanddy lohacpaplewneady, sisoaflwlifaey.s thelasonlugtuioan gyoeus,finlidngmuaiystbicesugplya, sb-ut ‘defeat is not the worst of failures. good’ that uglysnieosns maatey .be right’ not to have tried is the true failure.’ -phra maha wutthichai wachiramethi -denise scott brown -george edward woodberry inspiration: ‘What has already hap- inspiration: inspiration: pened, is always good’ ‘if you look very straight at ‘defeat is not the worst of a problem, the solution you -phra maha wutthichai wa- find may be ugly, but that failures. chiramethi not to have tried is the true uglynteeassmmstauydebnetsright’ UNPRIVATE HOUSE failure.’ -denise scott brown -george edward woodberry

to dwell; /dwεl/ wholistic thinking 1. to live in or at a specified place 2. to think, speak, or write at length about a particular subject 3. linger on a particular object or place source: orxford dictionaries from from “conversation” “the human scale” by andreas dalsgaard with professor dr. chaiwat satha anand, asst. prof. quijxote nuntanasirivikrom on house identity: on worth and efficency: ‘to me, confining the identity or a house ‘use vertical space to make things really to a certain genre is also very ridiculous. efficent. (...) life feels demolished in a there are two problems with this kind of house with wasted space.’ assumption. -jay shafer first, it’s a serious misunderstanding of the word identity. because identity is on protection and inclusion: never a singoular thing. it’s about diver- ‘how much comfort do you need? (...) sity’ you need to be protected, on basic needs: isolated but part of the environnment’ ‘when you design public buildings you -ana rewakowicz think about essential basic functions like restaurant, meeting rooms, toilets. the question that follows is should we include something else that responds to the changes in people’s needs (...) with new conditions included, designing the space is more difficult. but if we don’t start thinking about difficult things, there will be no improve- ments.’ 835

R: only the bed, during the night. otherwise i spend most of my day outside, taking care of yISoIIaR::o::nwnd:duwndobhotiourhtayre.hyseteohaeoospumkoututi.snaefty.fIebceeaalteIesleinheknwltloyel,eliyloimfikd,emktyufeioaaoueoldotdluryusw,yosno,brbotnsiabutttluedtit‘h,ueuvtcuatleeraindhohrnerrseideyseegntwat,eahmgtmnswdyotaepad.itubiismhalstnslklvhscdeeeiu,einoe.nwcdygpg?Iughoasedats,uytsioatoban?ohtsbmeetmaet,slvyheeiteetdesatyatrh.ebhokyeisetliunnenhfg.dougimnosioigneydnf interviews austrian and thaiI: what pireucrtaehloefmfuorsntitduurerinwgotuhlde you say outdoors news day? R: only the bed, during the night. otherwise i your living space? spend most of my day outside, taking Sc:ayres.oIfwould love to have my own desk in my my animals, bees and vegetables.room - right now i have to share the family IR: :dnIo:ow.yhoshtouuandfteeepsentillteylic,kyteieohduoeyorfonmlfui‘uvtoairnnsnreegtietdmsdupurimasersicuniwencg?goht,ushboldeemsdyiedoatgdehuyesii?nnnsfioagneoyrgiadnytl aoIbulweuoasuneldd I feel it disrupts my studying. In like to have more of a own undisturbed desk private space private space. a7ndoS:nrewstitht.8hIeolikutaetbatolne9yw, daetthaocetuh, db1tsah0tt,yeu.tdhnye,wttas1a1balklte,t.hpIedaI:e1ionw2ntedh,vaoettafrpkyie1et3hcteihmnoegyfmfuo1r4sntitduurerinwg1o5tuhlde 6 you16say you us1e7 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 1 2 day? outdoors rural breaks. I would be lost withoutSt: hweithtaobultea.ny doubt, the table. I do everything news I: do you feel like you are missing osonmtheethtianbgle,ineat, study, talk, paint, take my 1ISoIS72::::nwddrgSwyoo:beihetnoiynrhtsaysiemeh.netteosauIorgpu1.8kdawu3t-iIstleaeftoaw.nerbcIabuitteIeoglnhelwlwleudhoye,loolitaf9dk1yldemuounf4eonaoulylvldodoutdouryoe,snvrIpwobubtltfesiluritteoriedtkiv,uvuteil1euatiloihra0nldovh1rehra5tieigitysheteannvwot,s(advmsgaegtcswowvhteapiphsaoiamsetubiasoryahapltt)ulslklchm1cyvdoeea1i1e,pneoe6.coy?dyt.pgIuseswoamhdoa?tsmuyaniowtono?IhrwSdrgIsy::mnoeetrd:aeIeiEd1Edea,n:osvy2en:yo:tewdobtittemetpcsyneuathoyareyshhkreyrrghe.b1doookfeyasaosa-7tIiitulkb.etltyuuvnnkaewaIhra.fpiuIsfbgiiu.nafueIeboign.mmise1lnwoeslmsgeee3sulhiieIeyckgnmwleyyoa.lwtlatdedeiltnIhullinhnnoiknyyyottdkelyl1ddoeeooouofe8ompvulIpwfyslfudyulifeoooro1rvioerokir4blllfeuvteilsinlieauotoiveatlviii,haiwcnttiadinttlhtrueanaohoreugaadvret1lgsasehrv9emditbpshtismseen‘pwiwriasapsi1gtugsainmcvo5oiwassptceuhestcuihyehnth.iwsoselnso?semdhgeo?usgumi2raow,sdyseo0tredsnoyoanertoi1,oesmuhys6rim.dct?etehseuhoueaeaattdfesmdahtydkyhbaia2eyfinmuiina1lnntonegoamnggdyu.rmw.idi1inIi-l7nnniyystur2b2 e1d8 des2k3 19 6 20 21 22 23 24 1 2 11 6 7 stu8dent 9 10 24 1 p2 rivate space private space undisturbed desk room - right now i have to share tohwen ofamceilyroom and enough space for art. I Iw: dgoIEd7Ea::weio:twnpcynnyhhier1neoo2asotrgub.tvaeIa.putfllueIcedba8iseslesIeeeblieycklrarlwtdeeleotnhihkyoo1ottdeaoeeoo3mfunmpufyslfl9duioodoroavorlllfenuIplsiniaotvlftdiiri,iaeiwcntkidntruveeahee1uganrtalla4ehrmdtiobs1titteen0‘pwiouissidggsangcsowsicpuhhehstsu(iaehnchwsroaawlhs?usedgeuocvapsiroypoe,sedys1ea)l1ednto5.oac1is,osmmeuyri.mc?ehfseouoaaatymdrrhydemtsRaRIsIiaea::yntpmnr::i1w1dkntousotagne26daoe.sodyuhtdnfornI,imrcaind.yyb-elaathyoiysurnmmpoutettro.ginheyeoIaofIwe.eea1tctsfal3hIsteidetlnnknmhtbeililne1ooineyaelmy7ikff,gskdtymigtofaemto,ucdhrIloudhswaryoyle1s,nirnoauv4nytabidliudretitr‘dekivtu.accnnueaeiNnhyrhngrs1eereoieg8otlpaanewdtwhurmnhsgdmreopmtede1iistmu5asennlhiyivnsdlcvedueyediefieenwogcagu?dy,ghimuhseoina1tn,nttas9uyai.bagaolkg1?tybsoe6im.vt,ntaslthesheyhigeoedresuetyy.ehcIwronessawcinuenmd2arfied0eognsiuaskoe1soolit.7ldneuffi rbed21d18esk student school private space reading space (away) 78 10 6 11 space for art 6 9 school 2129 20 23 21 24 22 1 23 2 24 1 2 (away) misast,mbyutrreauatrdalelinagstcIhliavier. Now i live in a very small the day. outdoors news near my family, so I can 6 11 7take12car8e Iotfhm1in3ykg9thraenydk1ce4he1ilp0dmreen yd1ou5u1i1nngg.the1wI61:2weehka.t 1317 14 18 15 19 sp16ace f2o0r ar1t7 21 18 2219 rea22d03ing spa2c12e4 22 1 23 2 24 1 2 7 89 10 piece furniture would you say you use elder WORKER (seamstresses)6 of I: what piece of furniture would yoRu: soanylyytohuetuhbseeedm, odsutrdinugrintahgeuthnseitgdrhaitay.?nothinertweisreviiews the most during the dasyp?end most of my day outside, taking care of theShseerhviacsenboelciaceunseseSthoeoisp6heinghthlye sbk17ui2RIls:lei:wnRasIRd:oepn::hadsnnedsnoao.lnodtnyBr8rd.yuc1peluhy3htotsairhmmeeopautntae.lecndhypotfoIeeeeh.tbspwalasoeitelekk9naetblfe1ldkeomiiyel4mfenai,fu,kdtyoutsiodaremoh,hpsdnlueoudtswyoyirw,ctrdou1inuoabne0tdluurmita‘rhreigvta1cernHemeau5iinhynngawrtsudesvehggotnaeoeattheuimnhstdruybte1hyptdie.rnl1iseamdewasn1iiavnsdgcn6aekdyueienihefnwogaacgt?,itgsuhyhnse.tt?,etIaRtasso1at:.brIan2o:ak:dtettbnoewdyhimoontrosl1tehhoery7hv.igyeedarpoehsoestwit.emeouuhtcerepun.nsiaw1iysfwInuin3eeerfealiedsosgeicsknsteteloeilehiooiy1lmodnie8,ktyffifioaeomdfl1uuswy4oo,rronasbntlutit‘hieHvtctdeeauinhan1ursvrde9egerteaeaihnmn1wsLdye5pgud.oimasnntuvsccheueilehnwdecg2?gh0sedy,1otsaaba6ouytbem?tsslheaiedesyt.eh2yes1ionnfudogoo1idn7f 9 10 11 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 1 2 23 6 7 8 rural 22 24 outhd1aovoersa dinn2er take a shower news gnoewtos sleep outdoors 03.00 7IsRa0:p5n:d.ne0do0nord.yehos8mmout0.n6yofI.ee0salsei0tkntlleoiylm9if,ktyioa0emod7lusSwy.oy0,hron0abodluit‘pevt1acp0eainhynirsn0eegotg8aeh.umns0dep0tdismasni1vsdc1eueieenwcg0?,gh9set.,0tasaba0okIwt:be1imoEdEnat2sl:who:etgiepcydesn1yhter.e0oohcsoet.saub.i0vnnIra0.ffuedoegI1ceb3sleseolieyooikladrndelffot1nihkyo1ttdoeeoo.m0puyslf01ioooroav4lllfenuliiaotvdii,aiwcn1ntreah2egantl.ah0mdobst0e‘piu1issig5sangcwscuhehiehnwso1s?segups3iro,ss.ea0edno1c0i,6osmeri.cehfeuoaatmdrhd1aiae4nmrnt.tg0a.dy0rIiWin-1o7rk15.00 18 WORKER (seamstresses)00.0001.0002.0004.00 16.00 17.00 18.00 19.00 20.00 21.00 22.00 23.00 24.00 6 19 20 21 22 23 24 1 2 6 7 She aruc8rcaelpthteSshsseeer9hvwiacsiennbgoelcaiacneu1nsd0esecSuthoetotisipnhegin1g1htjholyebsbsku.ilsleind1e2assn.dBucht epae1po3.ple in thetchoemdmauyn.ity want hme1ri6satsot,mobpyuetrneaatdleina1gs7tcIhliavier. nNeo1a8wr mi lyivfeaimn1ia9lyv, esoryI scma2n0alol utdoo2r1s 22 23 24 news1 2 14 15 wake up austrian interviewstake care of my grandchildren duing the week. space for art reading space eldearnd take a shower Have breakfast I: what pI itehcienkofthfuerynkiteuerpe mwoeuyloduynogu. say you have a dinner take a shower use the mostHdauverinLugntchhe day? go to sleep E: probably the sofa, that‘s where i read and watch tv. I like to follow the news, documetari- es and political discussions. 0152w.0IEa0::twpc8hhroa0tbt6v1.3a.pu0Ib0iseleli9yckteethh0ote7eo1fS.4m0hfsf0uoooo1prlf0lsnapotii,wnt0dtug8hurt.0a1ehr05tien‘w1s1gnowetu0hhwl9ede.s01r,d0ye6mId1:oa2iodiEouysrwo:sc?eys1numyaea0omdsoyy.u.0Ira0eyfe1ucento3asaeedude1rlr7dil1on-ik1yotgoeo.m0cu0yl1hiroav4alenuiivrdi.ain11nNre82egano.0mwobs0pui1igis5agslchihiveno1es?gu13pi9s.nsa0eoc01a,me6ivhfeeoatrrhdy1ai24nsmr0.mt0g.y01IaiWn7llork152.10018 WORKER (seamstresses)67 1003.00 16.0202 17.0023 18.00 24 19.00 1 20.00 2 21.00 00.00 8 01.00 9 02.00 1014.00 22.00 23.00 24.00 19 20 21 22 23 24 67 1 2 aeclc0de1e.pt0rh0teSsIhtsseieSserhh0vtwehi2aces.wie0nnd0abgousetslcyaieactnoeu0tfnsd3oecs.0aebcSr0etuheoettihno6tiesiptnh0hpeg4einrge.c0htjsoh0oildymebes7bmnskuI.tiwu0l:slone5IiEdmEIatn:fd:.ia:0ot:tetwodyiEhpc0kayssa.wyoes:nhheerst.yood8caes,Bnmycteoub.bltucvoadms0Iohtya.puuarefu.6uepeImeebntirsI.ra0eeslsdfeeeluupIiaoece0eoycklaan.tttsepstwfedeeahltdi9nehliltkmlhaaekreyyiodttideenlkonnoeeooaiibfyen0kaykotmgdpsuuf7yslofeoutsgtmuSitooto.rhohvpcp0ouhhrsIylrellolf0ehuaiholosinriloeaavowtvci1etnaplviili,yenauo0iwicnetipirddnttevmrruedrakhiii.aeucnigacngH0rtnlemnNarehgeauhr8madeebesgatiuln.oliven0a‘pwilpainsmedsidwobt0gsgsraenicopwbtimruis1dsicymuhgeetrisu1iagceehnhbwwsenoslcluhayih?ysedigev0aueknysdsiorntf9efos?,ssdoyhsgeaauu.tpe0dinoseoimuaohisn0its,aonsmuNytenenori1.acicrg?aea,l2ghsmkseeytutaia.eoai.vat,ttomhfdehh1,yesdoocnba0toeairpaaeryhn.mduyr0lentoIwaeigtH0nansmcdyurI1aooermtaig3ttiufn.eyh-nlsmIaieikin1nnla.yl1kgs.gt0tAh0rIu1ale4itnvyhdeokHc1rneahi2teevyi.0lpae.d0raLmr1mueu5ennyscydh1ftoau3rmui.i0nnai0g1lgny6.t, hsioen1Iw4tc.ee0ae0nr1Wksv7p.oiarekc1ew5.f0os0r18art space for art reading space take a shower ELDER (stakeholder)She have a dinner go to sleep 00.00 16.00 17.00 reading space 21.00 22.00 23.00 24.00 18.00 19.00 20.00 24 1 2 19 20 21 22 23 ownwoake ucpe room and enough space for art. I austrianHaivne Ltuenrcvhiews have a dinner take a shower mainsds tmakye raesahdowinegr chair. Now i live in aHavveerbyresamkfaasllt go to sleep at, but at least I live near my family, so I can jobs.take care of my grandchildren duing the week. She accepts sewing and cutting I think they keep me young. space for art reading space 6 7 00.0e0l8der 01.009 02.00 10 03.00 1104.00 0152.00 061.300 071.040 08.0105 09.0016 10.00 17 11.00 1182.00 1139.00 1420.00 152.010 16.0022 17.00 23 18.00 2419.00 120.00 221.00 22.00 23.00 24.00 Shopping Prepare the kitchen Sell food to order Prepare the kitchen ELDER (stakeholder) austrian interviews yoTuhr8isacistihoenr,YkI9toitiSuschhtecheaewnndaausdnts1oye0dtoatsfnohcyabetreehttoiihnnled1gt1hp.merBeceesoicdtmaheumnasttu1eon2f“witItyfhe.yelocivouemc1bmo3ynuntrreiotsylpbtehuc1titn4sihgnesgrfergoumla1te5d by the National Housing Authority. 16 17 18 6 7 each other” She thinks that her actions do notwcaakuesuepodor from cooking. 19 20 21 22 23 24 1 2 and take a shower Have breakfast Have Lunch have a dinner take a shower go to sleep austrian interviews 05.00 07.00 08.00 09.00 10.00 11.00 12.00 13.00 14.00 15.00 16.00 18.00 20.00 21.00 22.00 23.00 24.00 Shopping Prepare the kitchen Sell food to order Prepare the kitchen ELDER (stakeholder)00.0001.0002.0003.00 04.00 06.00 17.00 19.00 She was set to be the president of the community but she regulated by the National Housing Authority. It is the duty of care in the community. YOUNG (STUDENT )yeoaTcuhhrisaocitsthihoeern”r,SYkhoiteuchtcheainnnkadsnotdhasanhtyehthteoirnladgc.mtBioeenctashudastoeann“wIdofettywalockiavauekeueacsbusoehpynootrwdreoesorlprtefhrciotnimgnsgcforoomking. Have breakfast Have Lunch have a dinner take a shower go to sleep 00.00 S0h1e.0i0s the0d2a.0u0ghter0o3f.0s0eamst0r4e.s0s0es. 05.00 06.00 07.00 08.00 09.00 10.00 11.00 12.00 13.00 14.00 15.00 16.00 17.00 18.00 19.00 20.00 21.00 22.00 23.00 24.00 Shopping Prepare the kitchen Have Lunch Sell food to order have a dinner Prepare the kitchen wake up take a shower and take a shower go to sleep This is her kitchen and she told me that “If you control things from your action ,You can do anything. Because we live by respecting 00.0e0ach 0o1t.h00er” Sh02e.0th0 inks0t3h.0a0t her0a4.c0t0ions0d5o.00not c0a6u.0s0e odo07r.f0r0om c0o8o.0k0ing. 09.00 10.00 11.00 12.00 13.00 14.00 15.00 16.00 17.00 18.00 19.00 20.00 21.00 22.00 23.00 24.00 study YOUNG (STUDENT)Have breakfast She is the daughter of seamstresses. thai interviews She shared a central area with her mother, but she was uncomfortable Have Lunch because others could access her space at any timew. ake up and take a shower take a shower Computer to play with friends have a dinner go to sleep 00.00 01.00 02.00 03.00 04.00 05.00 06.00 07.00 08.00 09.00 10.00 11.00 12.00 13.00 14.00 15.00 16.00 17.00 18.00 19.00 20.00 21.00 22.00 23.00 24.00

austrian interviews thai interviews needs basic and specific I: what piece of furniture would you say you use undisturbed desk private space She accepts sewing and cutting jobs. the most during the day? student S: without any doubt, the table. I do everything on the table, eat, study, talk, paint, take my breaks. I would be lost without the table. I: do you feel like you are missing something in your living space? S: yes. I would love to have my own desk in my room - right now i have to share the family dining table and I feel it disrupts my studying. In general I would like to have more of a own private space. student I: what piece of furniture would you say you use outdoors news This is her kitchen and she told me that “If you control things from the most during the day? your action ,You can do anything. Because we live by respecting each other” She thinks that her actions do not cause odor from cooking. R: only the bed, during the night. otherwise i spend most of my day outside, taking care of worker my animals, bees and vegetables. I: do you feel like you are missing something in your living space? R: no. honestly, i don‘t need much, besides food and rest. I like to watch the news at the end of the day. rural I: what piece of furniture would you say you She shared a central area with her mother, but she was uncomfortable use the most during the day? because others could access her space at any time. E: probably the sofa, that‘s where i read and Computer to play with friends watch tv. I like to follow the news, documetari- space for art reading space es and political discussions. I: do you feel like you are missing something in your living space? E: yes. I used to live in a big house, i had my own o ce room and enough space for art. I miss my reading chair. Now i live in a very small at, but at least I live near my family, so I can take care of my grandchildren duing the week. I think they keep me young. elder elder austrian+thai intervies merged austrian+thai interviews „the door is always open“ -thai interview embracing the thai openness and yet respecting the austrian privacy need, the prototype tries to work both aspects, opening up the house to the city (where possible) and keeping privacy indoor flexible and temporary, also allowing for multiple uses of the same space. inspiration:insshpiirgateiornu: sbhigaenru’sbacnu‘srctuartianinwhoaulslehaonduseemeargnedngeecmy pearrgtiteionnscysytepmartition sistem 857

holistic approach prototype based on bawa principles + holistic approach + specific solutions technology space needs open house - vertical potential thai techtonic - users behaviour sequence under-house passive cooling ventilated roof camouflage layer space sunshading un-private house (open but closed, flexible privacy) distance of passerby divert attention passerby private semi-public public elements of prototype one room deep plan to allow green roof for entertainment tall rooms for thermal air mass venturi effect and thermal insulation underground dwell and overhaingig eaves for shades domestic waterwaste and reduced radiated heat treatment in between spaces for social orientation landscape as integral design gathering and thermal permeable walls towards main wind element for shading and insulation cooling minimize direct heat absorbtion thai tectonthicai te-ctbonaic -wbawaa pprinrciinplecs iples

prototype cooled air cross ventilation cold air from canal public semi-private private cooled air cross ventilation cold air from canal public semi-private private thermal concept, privacy layers un-private house thermal concept, privacy layers un-private house a-a section b-b section a-a section b-b section 0 5 10 m sections and floorplans, 1:100 879 sections and floorplans 10 m 05



prototype teak wood life in prototypelife in prototype - 12 n-oo1n2 noon why: traditiolifneal, innatipvlieferoin ptrootottyyppe -e5 am- 5 am functionality: humidity resistance teak wood why: traditional, native functionality: humidity resistance photocatalyst infused fabric off grid prototype - energy and water harvesting why: western technologies, innovation functionality: air purification, humidity absorption off grid prototype energy and water harvesting photocatalyst infused fabric why: western technologies, innovation functionality: air purification, humidity absorption life inlife inpprrootottyopet-y4 ppme - 4 pm 991

expanded hot air flow multifunctionality of space how much flexible privacy vertical space do i need to sleep+- district specific study/work holistic space, umidity escape empty space “space to think air flow, purifying air of difficult green grid - non-wall things” -quijxote nunta- connection to street: nasirivikrom selling, co-sitting protection from flooding water harvesting funcftuinoctnionaal lsescetiocn tion prototype aprontoytwypehaenyrew(hdeienrteaitinlhstphaeaciilliafaincd)n/bda/nbgkaoknagreakok area in a climate crisis, high density scenario

section with pre-existance site specific small street, shopping noise, street small pollution shopping street street, canal, noise, cooling placing on site pollution canal, cooling top view of site section with pre existance top view of site, focus prototype section with pre-existance top view of site, focus prototype section with pre-existance placing on site placing on site placing on site 1913 placing on site

A WINDY WALL Philipp Oberkofler, 25 Vienna University of Technology For me architecture is a wonderful combination between art and technology. In this combination you have restrains that can be the best resource for creativity. Chonticha Srinin, 21 Faculty of architecture, Kasetsart University Architecture is an art of designing that is important to humans and the envi- ronment. Which is expressed as quality of place or humans make relation- ship between humans, environment and architecture. And it is a social art and culture. In addition, architecture can also design for living humans Hathaichanok Jeawkok, 22 Faculty of architecture, Kasetsart University Themostimportantthingsinarchitectureisquestioninghowyouseeandknowit.Believ- ing that the arcitecture is not only just beautiful but it also make the environment better.

wholistic thinking Social Ecology Beauty Architecture is there The ecology will be I think the beauty in a for the people. In a big parameter in project plays a factor, the film “The human future projects. I think its not the most import- scale” i learned that its important to think ant one but architects about reliving citys have to think about it. o and buildings and A house will stand in see it like that. We not always to re- place for at least fifty dont make architec- build everything. We years. The buildings ture for us, we make should use natural that we produce form it for everybody. Thats recourses like wind the city we live in. such an important fact and rain to save up oil. that cannot be forget. Functionality Economy Detail The functionality has By using regional Details make a build- to be the first pa- Materials we can ing special. It gives rameter in a building. save money and re- them a soul. It shows Nothing is more im- duce the gray ener- that there is a lot portant. A example gy. For Thais it has of hard work in the for it was shown in to be cheap. A lot project, you can feel “The human scale” of them go to the it. The smallest chang- Jan Gehl redesigned city to work for their es can make the the main square from family they have to biggest difference. Kopenhagen. He earn some mon- They decide the out- made it work again. come of a project. 935

Austrian Basic Needs Specific Needs Categorie: Worker, 50 Thai Basic Needs Specific Needs Kategorie: Worker, 58 Basic Needs The basic needs are the same The specific needs are very dif- for everybody, therefore with ferent, therefore we can make a combinations we can save space. empty space where everybody can decide what he wants to do.

3 needs basic and specific 3 My conclusion was that according to the av- erage every room has to be 3m x 3m x 3m. The ground floor should be open to the public space. Kitchen Bathroom Bedroom 3 basic rooms The building gets his basic structure by stacking the rooms. Different variations are possible. 957

holistic approach Heat Wind Water The temperature in Wind is the cooling The biggest prob- Bangkok is always system of traditional lem in Thailand is the around 20 - 25 de- Thai buildings. I will high humidity. But if a grees. Its important to use it to cool the air wind blows threw the shade of the sun. To down. To strengthen it building it gets useful much sun will warm my Prototype includes because it cools the up the building a lot. a shaft wall at the building. The rainy sea- To shade of the sun i back of the building. son bring a lot of rain. will use Plants on the With this the build- I will use it at the east west facade and a ings gets colder and facade. It can pour metal net on the east. i get rid of bad smell. down on my metal net. Dust Power Social Bangkok is a crowd- Creating power is a Thais are very open ed city with a lot of key factor. My shaft dirt and dust. Plants wall includes fans people they com- cover my facade to that spin with the the main street. That wind blowing threw municate a lot with protects the inhabi- it. These will gener- tants from the most ate the basic power people passing dust. The plants form needed for the inhab- a shield from noise itants. They it gets to by on the street. and dirt and create a warm they can also green oasis in the city. be used to create the For this my ground airflow for the cooling. floor is a social room The second idea is that a part of my building can be used by the older genera- tion of the inhabitants.

The core idea prototype Wind from the channel will Fans in the shaft-wall can pro- Rainwater will be collected flow threw the building to cool duce Energy or when switched in a rainwater tank. It can be 979