["th\u00e0nh v\u1edbi n\u01a1i m\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n nay ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nhau, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf, v\u1ecb tr\u00ed n\u01a1i m\u00e0 nham th\u1ea1ch t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i b\u00e2y gi\u1edd kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i n\u01a1i n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh ban \u0111\u1ea7u, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00f4i \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i r\u1ea5t xa. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch t\u1eeb t\u00ednh, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 n\u00f3i l\u00ean Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0110\u1ea1i l\u1ee5c qu\u1ea3 th\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh qua t\u1ef1 l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi, tr\u1ea3i qua bi\u1ebft bao nhi\u00eau th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n kho\u1ea3ng 300 tri\u1ec7u n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t Hoa B\u1eafc Trung b\u1ed9 v\u1edbi Hoa Nam Trung b\u1ed9 c\u00e1ch nhau kho\u1ea3ng 20 v\u0129 \u0111\u1ed9. Kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y xa h\u01a1n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7n nay. \u1ede n\u00fai T\u1ea7n L\u0129nh n\u1eb1m gi\u1eefa Hoa Nam v\u00e0 Hoa B\u1eafc, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng nham th\u1ea1ch d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1y \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt t\u00edch l\u0169y \u1edf \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1eeb th\u1eddi c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y, Hoa B\u1eafc v\u00e0 Hoa Nam \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng b\u1ecb ng\u0103n c\u00e1ch b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00eanh m\u00f4ng. H\u01a1n 200 tri\u1ec7u n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, hai v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00e0y d\u1ea7n nh\u00edch l\u1ea1i g\u1ea7n m\u00e0 th\u00e0nh, l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t \u0111i \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1edf gi\u1eefa. V\u1eadt tr\u1ea7m t\u00edch v\u00e0 nham th\u1ea1ch trong \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ed5 \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i \u00e1p l\u1ef1c d\u1ed3n l\u1ea1i cu\u1ed1n l\u00ean th\u00e0nh n\u00fai T\u1ea7n L\u0129nh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ng\u1ecdn n\u00fai l\u1edbn kh\u00e1c h\u00f9ng v\u0129 ng\u00e0y nay. Sinh v\u1eadt c\u1ed5 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9 kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf, v\u00e0o th\u1eddi c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i, Hoa B\u1eafc v\u00e0 Hoa Nam kh\u00f4ng c\u00f9ng","m\u1ed9t l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba. 500~800 tri\u1ec7u n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ecba t\u1ea7ng v\u00e0 di\u1ec7n m\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a Hoa Nam kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi Hoa B\u1eafc, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi \u00d4xtr\u00e2ylia. Nh\u01b0 Hoa Nam v\u00e0 \u00d4xtr\u00e2ylia c\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n t\u1eeb 600~800 tri\u1ec7u n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i b\u0103ng tr\u1ea7m t\u00edch ch\u1ec9 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i c\u00f3 kh\u00ed h\u1eadu kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t, m\u00e0 Hoa B\u1eafc l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch ch\u1ee9ng minh r\u1eb1ng, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 Hoa Nam v\u00e0 \u00d4xtr\u00e2ylia tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia li\u1ec1n th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t d\u1ea3i, sau m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i tr\u00f4i n\u1ed5i Hoa Nam di chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ea7n k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi Hoa B\u1eafc. M\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9 c\u00f9ng lo\u1ea1i c\u0169ng cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba danh nh\u01b0 T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng, Th\u00e1p L\u00fd M\u1ed9c, Qaidam\u2026 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng l\u00e0 v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00f4 l\u1eadp b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ed5 chia c\u1eaft. H\u01a1n 300 tri\u1ec7u n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc Hoa Nam thu\u1ed9c v\u00f9ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi, nh\u01b0ng v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng l\u1ea1i t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng sinh v\u1eadt y\u00eau th\u00edch m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng. \u0110\u1ebfn h\u01a1n 100 tri\u1ec7u n\u0103m v\u1ec1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc, m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt c\u1ee7a Hoa Nam \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp tr\u00e0n v\u00e0o T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ee9ng minh t\u1eeb hai v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t xa x\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o nhau. N\u00f3i nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean th\u00ec nhi\u1ec1u v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t l\u1edbn \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ed1i l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y kho\u1ea3ng 200~300 tri\u1ec7u n\u0103m, v\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0110\u1ea1i l\u1ee5c. Gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t cu\u1ed9n l\u00ean h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00fai ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 v\u1ebft ch\u1ec9 kh\u00e2u c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c n\u1ed1i li\u1ec1n. L\u00fac m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1eddi k\u00ec \u0111\u1ea1i trung sinh, v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t Hoa B\u1eafc -","Th\u00e1p L\u00fd M\u1ed9c c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi T\u00e2y B\u00e1c L\u1ee3i \u00c1 v\u1eabn n\u1ed1i l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t d\u1ea3i, th\u1ebf l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh n\u00ean ch\u00e2u \u00c1 \u0110\u1ea1i l\u1ee5c c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i, c\u00f2n v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t giao nhau c\u1ee7a ph\u00eda b\u1eafc \u1ea5n \u0110\u1ed9 v\u00e0 T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng ch\u1ea1m nhau v\u00e0 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p l\u1ea1i, h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh n\u00ean ch\u00e2u \u00c1 ng\u00e0y nay. T \u1eeb kh\u00f3a: C\u00e1 ch\u1ec9 nam; T\u1eeb t\u00ednh ho\u00e1 th\u1ea1ch. 125. V\u00ec sao n\u00f3i n\u00fai Hymalaya t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e1y bi\u1ec3n xa x\u01b0a d\u1ef1ng l\u00ean? N\u00f3i n\u00fai Hymalaya xa x\u01b0a v\u1ed1n t\u1eeb bi\u1ec3n m\u1ecdc l\u00ean xem ra r\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1ng nghi ng\u1edd. D\u00e3y n\u00fai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ec7nh danh l\u00e0 m\u00e1i nh\u00e0 uy nghi c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, \u0111\u1ec9nh n\u00fai ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea7y b\u0103ng tuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y l\u00e0m sao l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1ecdc l\u00ean t\u1eeb bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c? \u0110\u00fang l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. Khi ta tr\u00e8o l\u00ean v\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1 d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a n\u00fai Hymalaya ho\u1eb7c \u1edf trong thung l\u0169ng s\u00e2u c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, quan s\u00e1t k\u1ef9 t\u1ea7ng \u0111\u00e1 \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y nhi\u1ec1u ho\u00e1 th\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng, th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt bi\u1ec3n, bao g\u1ed3m tr\u00f9ng ba l\u00e1, b\u00fat th\u1ea1ch, \u1ed1c anh v\u0169, san h\u00f4, h\u1ea3i \u0111\u1edfm, h\u1ea3i b\u00e1ch h\u1ee3p, h\u1ea3i t\u1ea3o, ng\u01b0 long v.v.. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3","t\u1eebng l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3n. V\u1eady trong bi\u1ec3n c\u1ea3 m\u00eanh m\u00f4ng v\u00ec sao l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1ecdc l\u00ean m\u1ea1ch n\u00fai h\u00f9ng v\u0129 nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a v\u1ecf Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t d\u00e2ng l\u00ean. Tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh Xixapangma cao h\u01a1n m\u1eb7t bi\u1ec3n 5.700 - 5.900 m ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n th\u1ea5y ho\u00e1 th\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng th\u1ea3m r\u00eau. Nh\u1eefng th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt n\u00e0y b\u00e2y gi\u1edd v\u1eabn c\u00f2n m\u1ecdc tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea1m vi l\u1edbn \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 cao 2.200 - 3.000 m so v\u1edbi m\u1eb7t bi\u1ec3n \u1edf khu v\u1ef1c T\u00e2y Nam Trung Qu\u1ed1c. Tuy t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng kh\u00ed h\u1eadu h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi ng\u00e0y nay v\u00e0 kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt n\u00e0y,","nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ec3 r\u1eb1ng: h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00f9ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ed5i l\u00ean kho\u1ea3ng 3.000 m, b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n m\u1ed9t v\u1ea1n n\u0103m d\u00e2ng cao 30 m. Theo nh\u1eefng t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ec3 suy \u0111o\u00e1n th\u00ec v\u00f9ng mi\u1ec1n Nam huy\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ecbnh Nh\u1eadt, T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng, Trung Qu\u1ed1c 20 v\u1ea1n n\u0103m nay \u0111\u00e3 d\u00e2ng cao kho\u1ea3ng 500 m. Qua \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y v\u1ecf Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t \u1edf v\u00f9ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 d\u00e2ng cao bi\u1ebft bao nhi\u00eau. D\u00e3y n\u00fai Hymalaya t\u1eeb trong bi\u1ec3n d\u1ef1ng l\u00ean th\u00e0nh \\\"n\u00f3c nh\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi\\\" ng\u00e0y nay v\u1eabn \u0111ang ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c d\u00e2ng l\u00ean, ch\u1eb3ng qua t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 r\u1ea5t ch\u1eadm n\u00ean ta kh\u00f3 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. T \u1eeb kho\u00e1: V\u1ecf \u0111\u1ea5t d\u00e2ng l\u00ean; N\u00fai Hymalaya. 126. V\u00ec sao n\u00fai l\u1eeda l\u1ea1i ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c? N\u00fai l\u1eeda l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nham th\u1ea1ch trong l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea5t phun ra. B\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng nham th\u1ea1ch b\u1ecb v\u1ecf Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t bao k\u00edn. Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 trong l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea5t r\u1ea5t cao, dung nham d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00f3 lu\u00f4n b\u1ecb n\u00e9n \u00e9p, nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec \u00e1p su\u1ea5t r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn n\u00ean ph\u00fan th\u1ea1ch r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 phun ra. \u1ede nh\u1eefng ch\u1ed7 v\u1ecf Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i y\u1ebfu, ph\u00eda d\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u1ecbu \u00e1p su\u1ea5t so v\u1edbi chung","quanh y\u1ebfu h\u01a1n th\u00ec ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc trong ph\u00fan th\u1ea1ch ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n ly ra, khi\u1ebfn cho s\u1ee9c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ph\u00fan th\u1ea1ch m\u1ea1nh l\u00ean, ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 v\u1ecf Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t. Khi n\u00fai l\u1eeda ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed v\u00e0 h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc ban \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1ecb n\u00e9n l\u1eabn trong ph\u00fan th\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd ph\u00e2n ly ra, th\u1ec3 t\u00edch gi\u00e3n n\u1edf r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u, do \u0111\u00f3 ph\u00e1t sinh ra n\u00fai l\u1eeda. N\u00fai l\u1eeda m\u1ea1nh hay y\u1ebfu c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan v\u1edbi mi\u1ec7ng n\u00fai l\u1eeda c\u00f3 th\u00f4ng su\u1ed1t hay kh\u00f4ng. N\u1ebfu ph\u00fan th\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1eb7c qu\u00e1nh, c\u1ed9ng th\u00eam mi\u1ec7ng n\u00fai l\u1eeda h\u1eb9p th\u00ec d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb t\u1eafc, do \u0111\u00f3 ph\u00fan th\u1ea1ch d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3i t\u1eadp trung m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1c r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. C\u00f3 l\u00fac n\u00fai l\u1eeda phun, ch\u1ec9 ri\u00eang nh\u1eefng tro l\u1eeda c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ea5y tri\u1ec7u m\u00e9t kh\u1ed1i. N\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1eb7c c\u1ee7a ph\u00fan th\u1ea1ch nh\u1ecf, ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed trong \u0111\u00f3 \u00edt, mi\u1ec7ng n\u00fai l\u1eeda r\u1ed9ng th\u00ec n\u00fai l\u1eeda \u0111\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c v\u1ee5 n\u1ed5 kh\u00f4ng l\u1edbn l\u1eafm. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u00fai l\u1eeda tr\u00ean qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o Hawai thu\u1ed9c lo\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. N\u00fai l\u1eeda th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 \u1edf nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng v\u1ecf Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1nh, h\u01a1n n\u1eefa \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 v\u1ecf Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu. Nh\u1eefng ch\u1ed7 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf tr\u00ean l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba c\u0169ng c\u00f3, d\u01b0\u1edbi bi\u1ec3n c\u0169ng c\u00f3. V\u1ecf Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t \u1edf \u0111\u00e1y bi\u1ec3n r\u1ea5t m\u1ecfng, n\u00f3i chung ch\u1ec9 d\u00e0y m\u1ea5y ngh\u00ecn m\u00e9t, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ed7 v\u1ecf Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t c\u00f2n c\u00f3 khe n\u1ee9t.","Cho n\u00ean \u1edf d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1y bi\u1ec3n c\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u00edt n\u00fai l\u1eeda. Nh\u01b0 n\u00fai l\u1eeda Capeliniuso \u1edf g\u1ea7n qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o Xuy\u00ea \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Trung \u0110\u1ea1i T\u00e2y D\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1edbi c\u00f3 v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn. Khi n\u00fai l\u1eeda ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00ec t\u1eeb d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1y bi\u1ec3n d\u00e2ng l\u00ean nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee3t s\u00f3ng th\u1ea7n r\u1ea5t n\u00f3ng, khi\u1ebfn cho m\u1eb7t bi\u1ec3n s\u00f4i l\u00ean. Ban \u0111\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f2n nh\u1ea7m \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 voi. Nh\u01b0ng sau \u0111\u00f3 n\u00f3 phun k\u00e9o d\u00e0i su\u1ed1t 13 th\u00e1ng li\u1ec1n, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 n\u1ed5i l\u00ean m\u1ed9t h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o m\u1edbi, r\u1ed9ng ch\u1eebng m\u1ea5y tr\u0103m m\u1eabu. Lo\u1ea1i n\u00fai l\u1eeda \u0111\u00e1y bi\u1ec3n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u.","Khi n\u00fai l\u1eeda m\u1edbi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, ph\u00fan th\u1ea1ch phun ra, s\u1ee9c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 c\u00f2n r\u1ea5t m\u1ea1nh, trong \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t h\u1ecdc ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \\\"n\u00fai l\u1eeda s\u1ed1ng\\\". Nh\u1eefng n\u00fai l\u1eeda \u1edf qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o Hawai trong Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u n\u0103m nay kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, c\u00f3 l\u00fac c\u00f2n b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5 r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u00fai l\u1eeda thu\u1ed9c lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u00fai l\u1eeda sau khi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3i qua m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00edch t\u1ee5 ph\u00fan th\u1ea1ch m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i. Lo\u1ea1i n\u00fai l\u1eeda n\u00e0y g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \\\"n\u00fai l\u1eeda ng\u1ee7\\\". Nh\u1eefng n\u00fai l\u1eeda \u1edf m\u1ea1ch n\u00fai C\u01a1sc\u01a1x\u01a1 mi\u1ec1n T\u00e2y B\u1eafc M\u1ef9 thu\u1ed9c lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng ghi ch\u00e9p v\u1ec1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u00e1c l\u1ea7n b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5, nh\u01b0ng theo quan s\u00e1t th\u00ec n\u00f3 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ea1i. Ch\u1eb3ng qua lo\u1ea1i n\u00fai l\u1eeda n\u00e0y c\u00f3 l\u00fac ng\u1ee7 r\u1ea5t d\u00e0i.","C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u00fai l\u1eeda v\u00ec h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh s\u1edbm, ph\u00fan th\u1ea1ch d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 ng\u01b0ng k\u1ebft, kh\u00f4ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u1eefa, ho\u1eb7c ph\u00fan th\u1ea1ch tuy v\u1eabn c\u00f2n nh\u01b0ng do v\u1ecf Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 d\u00e0y v\u00e0 b\u1ec1n ch\u1eafc, c\u00e1c khe n\u1ee9t \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb ph\u00fan th\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00f4ng k\u1ebft l\u1ea5p c\u1ee9ng, n\u00ean ph\u00fan th\u1ea1ch trong l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1. Nh\u1eefng n\u00fai l\u1eeda \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \\\"n\u00fai l\u1eeda ch\u1ebft\\\". V\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u1eefng n\u00fai l\u1eeda \u1edf n\u00fai Ylimashana v\u00f9ng bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi Tanzania ch\u00e2u Phi l\u00e0 n\u00fai l\u1eeda ch\u1ebft c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfng. T\u1eeb tr\u00ean m\u00e1y bay c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 trong mi\u1ec7ng n\u00fai l\u1eeda b\u1ecb l\u1edbp b\u0103ng tuy\u1ebft r\u1ea5t d\u00e0y bao ph\u1ee7. T \u1eeb kho\u00e1: N\u00fai l\u1eeda s\u1ed1ng; N\u00fai l\u1eeda ng\u1ee7; N\u00fai l\u1eeda ch\u1ebft. 127. V\u00ec sao Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n v\u00e0 qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o Hawai \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t nhi\u1ec1u n\u00fai l\u1eeda? Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn, chi\u1ebfm 1\/3 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t, D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1y Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u v\u00f9ng l\u00f5m s\u00e2u tr\u00ean 8.000 m. Ch\u1ed7 r\u00e3nh bi\u1ec3n s\u00e2u nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea1t","\u0111\u1ebfn 11.034 m. \u1ede \u0111\u00f3 v\u1ecf Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t r\u1ea5t m\u1ecfng, r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ed7 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn 10 km, c\u00f2n c\u00e1c l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba chung quanh n\u00f3 d\u00e0y kho\u1ea3ng 35 km. \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a v\u1ecf Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 v\u1eady khi\u1ebfn cho Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh v\u00f9ng t\u1eadp trung n\u00fai l\u1eeda. Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n n\u1eb1m v\u00e0o v\u00f9ng bi\u00ean Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng. N\u00f3 v\u1edbi qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o Aliushen, Thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o, qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o Philippin c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n T\u00e2y ch\u00e2u M\u1ef9 k\u1ebft th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t v\u00f2ng cung l\u00e0m th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng n\u00fai l\u1eeda n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng \u1edf Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng. Trong v\u00e0nh \u0111ai n\u00e0y c\u00f3 h\u01a1n 200 n\u00fai l\u1eeda s\u1ed1ng, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u00f9ng n\u00fai l\u1eeda ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t","v\u00e0 m\u1ea1nh nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t. Trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ea3o n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng m\u1ea1ch n\u00fai n\u1ed5i tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t bi\u1ec3n, d\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u00e2n n\u00fai c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u r\u00e3nh bi\u1ec3n s\u00e2u. \u1ede \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y v\u00e0 m\u1ecfng c\u1ee7a v\u1ecf Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch nhau r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u00f2n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t l\u1edbn. Cho n\u00ean ph\u00fan th\u1ea1ch d\u1ec5 phun ra t\u1eeb c\u00e1c v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t, t\u1ea1o n\u00ean n\u00fai l\u1eeda \u0111\u1ee3t n\u00e0y n\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ee3t kh\u00e1c. Qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o Hawai l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng, c\u0169ng l\u00e0 v\u00f9ng v\u1ecf Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t \u1edf \u0111\u00e1y bi\u1ec3n kh\u00f4ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh. \u1ede \u0111\u00e1y bi\u1ec3n s\u00e2u t\u1eeb 4.000 - 5.000 m, v\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o do n\u00fai l\u1eeda ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e2u ng\u00e0y t\u1ea1o n\u00ean, \u0111\u1ea3o Hawai l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t trong qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o, g\u1ed3m n\u0103m ng\u1ecdn n\u00fai l\u1eeda h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh. Ph\u00fan th\u1ea1ch \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1eb7c nh\u1ecf n\u00ean mi\u1ec7ng n\u00fai l\u1eeda th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng. Tuy n\u00fai l\u1eeda ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng lu\u00f4n. Tr\u00ean qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o n\u00e0y n\u00fai l\u1eeda ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c nh\u01b0ng \u00edt c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng v\u1ee5 n\u1ed5 l\u1edbn. Ph\u00fan th\u1ea1ch phun ra ch\u1ea3y th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng b\u00e3i quang c\u1ea3nh t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb9p. C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng n\u00fai l\u1eeda mi\u1ec7ng n\u00fai th\u00e0nh h\u1ed3 n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y. T \u1eeb kho\u00e1: V\u00e0nh n\u00fai l\u1eeda.","128. V\u00ec sao c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t? B\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 r\u1ea5t y\u00ean t\u0129nh, cho n\u00ean h\u1ec5 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta lu\u00f4n cho r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ebfm th\u1ea5y. Th\u1ef1c ra ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i th\u1ebf. \u0110\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t x\u1ea3y ra li\u00ean mi\u00ean. Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 gi\u00f3, m\u01b0a l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean r\u1ea5t ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn. Theo c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc d\u00f9ng m\u00e1y ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u0111o th\u00ec s\u1ed1 l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t sinh h\u00e0ng n\u0103m kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m tri\u1ec7u l\u1ea7n, b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t v\u1ea1n l\u1ea7n. Nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u r\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng m\u00e1y \u0111o th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. S\u1ed1 l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u1ebfn 99% t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1. Nh\u1eefng l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 kho\u1ea3ng 1%, trong \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ed1 l\u1ea7n g\u00e2y thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i ch\u1ec9 kho\u1ea3ng 1.000 l\u1ea7n. V\u00ec sao Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1t sinh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t?","\u0110\u1ea1i b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u00e1c l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec1u do v\u1ecf Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng. L\u1edbp \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng l\u1edbn, khi v\u1eadn","\u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u1ecbu l\u1ef1c t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ph\u00e1t sinh bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng, c\u00f3 l\u00fac b\u1ecb n\u1ee9t v\u1ee1, l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t. Tuy m\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta v\u1eabn c\u00f2n tranh lu\u1eadn: l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea9y v\u1ecf Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u1ebfn, nh\u01b0ng nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u0103n b\u1ea3n g\u00e2y ra \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t l\u00e0 g\u00ec th\u00ec c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch suy \u0111o\u00e1n. Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp l\u00e0 do t\u1ea7ng \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1 \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ecb n\u1ee9t v\u1ee1, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn x\u1ea3y ra \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t l\u00e0 do l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1 d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t b\u1ecb n\u1ee9t v\u1ee1, ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t v\u1ee1 ban \u0111\u1ea7u l\u1ea1i ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c tr\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00ean nhau. Nh\u1eefng l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u00e1t sinh \u1edf ch\u1ed7 d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t. Khi l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1 d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t ch\u1ecbu l\u1ef1c t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng g\u1ea7n v\u1edbi gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i l\u1ea1i c\u00f2n c\u1ed9ng th\u00eam l\u1ef1c h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a M\u1eb7t Tr\u0103ng v\u00e0 M\u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi, s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a \u00e1p su\u1ea5t t\u1ea7ng kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n ho\u1eb7c c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc (h\u1ed3 n\u01b0\u1edbc) \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t th\u00ec \u0111\u1ec1u th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y v\u1ecf Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t n\u1ee9t v\u1ee1 v\u00e0 s\u1ebd g\u00e2y ra \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t Th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00e8m theo n\u00fai l\u1eeda. Tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u n\u00fai l\u1eeda. M\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n n\u00fai l\u1eeda ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn ph\u00fan th\u1ea1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c phun ra, th\u1ec3 t\u00edch gi\u00e3n n\u1edf \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t l\u00e0m ch\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1ecf Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 g\u00e2y ra \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t. Tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t h\u1eb1ng n\u0103m ph\u00e1t sinh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, v\u00ec sao ta l\u1ea1i c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ea5y l\u1ea7n?","Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n khi x\u1ea3y ra \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng ra khi nhi\u1ec1u, khi \u00edt, ch\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00fac m\u1ea1nh, l\u00fac nh\u1eb9. Theo \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1edbn nh\u1ecf c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chia l\u00e0m ba lo\u1ea1i: \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t r\u1ea5t nh\u1eb9, \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t m\u1ea1nh. \u0110\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu khi\u1ebfn cho m\u00e1y \u0111o rung l\u00ean, \u0111\u00e8n \u0111i\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 treo tr\u00ean t\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb chao \u0111\u1ea3o, \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t m\u1ea1nh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho t\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ee9t v\u1ee1, nh\u00e0 s\u1eadp, s\u1ea1t n\u00fai\u2026. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t m\u1ea1nh ch\u1ec9 trong m\u1ea5y gi\u00e2y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1 s\u1eadp c\u1ea3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 n\u0103m 1976 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng S\u01a1n Trung Qu\u1ed1c lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00e0y tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n m\u1ed7i n\u0103m ch\u1ec9 x\u1ea3y ra kho\u1ea3ng tr\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi 10 l\u1ea7n, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 l\u00fac n\u00f3 x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf nh\u1eefng khu v\u1ef1c d\u00e2n c\u01b0 th\u01b0a th\u1edbt, cho n\u00ean t\u00e1c h\u1ea1i g\u00e2y ra kh\u00f4ng nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng l\u1eafm. \u0110\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y ra t\u1ed5n h\u1ea1i, c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t r\u1ea5t nh\u1eb9 c\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng g\u00ec. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t nh\u1eb9. M\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n x\u1ea3y ra \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t, ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eb1m trong m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea1m vi nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1edbi c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Khi \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t, ngu\u1ed3n ph\u00e1t sinh g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n ch\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ed9ng (ch\u1ea5n ti\u00eau). Ch\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 lan truy\u1ec1n th\u00e0nh s\u00f3ng ra c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 s\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t. N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a s\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t \u1edf trung t\u00e2m ngu\u1ed3n ch\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ed9ng r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn, trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n s\u00f3ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u1ea3m y\u1ebfu r\u1ea5t nhanh, \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t c\u1ef1 ly nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00ec y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c ta","kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. N\u1ebfu ch\u1ed7 ta \u1edf n\u1eb1m trong ph\u1ea1m vi c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00ec ta n\u00f3i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t. T \u1eeb kho\u00e1: \u0110\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t; Ngu\u1ed3n \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t; S\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t. 129. V\u00ec sao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t ph\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u x\u1ea3y ra v\u00e0o ban \u0111\u00eam? \u0110\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, n\u00f3 g\u00e2y cho lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eefng t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng. M\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t t\u1eeb c\u1ea5p 7 tr\u1edf l\u00ean, trong ph\u00fat ch\u1ed1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed5 s\u1eadp th\u00e0nh b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecba, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft h\u00e0ng v\u1ea1n, r\u1ea5t th\u1ea3m kh\u1ed1c v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m. T\u00ednh nguy hi\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng nhanh v\u00e0 m\u1ea1nh m\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea1i x\u1ea3y ra v\u00e0o ban \u0111\u00eam, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fac m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang ng\u1ee7 say th\u00ec tai ho\u1ea1 gi\u00e1ng xu\u1ed1ng. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t l\u1edbn \u1edf th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y 12 th\u00e1ng 4 n\u0103m 1906 x\u1ea3y ra \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ea5p 8,3 \u0111\u1ed9 Richte \u1edf Oasinht\u01a1n M\u1ef9, x\u1ea3y ra v\u00e0o l\u00fac 5 h 12\u2019 s\u00e1ng. L\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX x\u1ea3y ra ng\u00e0y 22 th\u00e1ng 5 n\u0103m 1906 \u1edf Chil\u00ea v\u1edbi c\u1ea5p 8,9","\u0111\u1ed9 Richte x\u1ea3y ra v\u00e0o l\u00fac 19 h 11\u2019, l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t ng\u00e0y 28 th\u00e1ng 7 n\u0103m 1976 \u1edf \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng S\u01a1n Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u1edbi c\u1ea5p 7,8 \u0111\u1ed9 Richte x\u1ea3y ra l\u00fac 3 h 42\u2019, l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t \u1edf Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n x\u1ea3y ra ng\u00e0y 17 th\u00e1ng 1 n\u0103m 1995 x\u1ea3y ra l\u00fac 5 h 46, l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang ng\u1ee7 say. Theo th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea n\u0103m 1985 \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c x\u1ea3y ra 25 l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t t\u1eeb c\u1ea5p 5 tr\u1edf l\u00ean, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 20 l\u1ea7n x\u1ea3y ra t\u1eeb 19 h, sau l\u00fac M\u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi l\u1eb7n \u0111\u1ebfn 6 h s\u00e1ng h\u00f4m sau, chi\u1ebfm 80% t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1. \u0110\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t x\u1ea3y ra ban \u0111\u00eam l\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng kh\u00f3 tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t. \u0110\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c ra c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 l\u00fac n\u00e0o, nh\u01b0ng tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf th\u01b0\u1eddng x\u1ea3y ra v\u00e0o ban \u0111\u00eam l\u00e0 v\u00ec s\u1ee9c h\u00fat c\u1ee7a M\u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 M\u1eb7t Tr\u0103ng g\u00e2y n\u00ean. Nh\u01b0 ta \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft, s\u1ee9c h\u00fat c\u1ee7a M\u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 M\u1eb7t Tr\u0103ng g\u00e2y n\u00ean thu\u1ef7 tri\u1ec1u, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi n\u00f3 c\u0169ng g\u00e2y ra hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1ecf Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t b\u1ecb d\u00e2ng l\u00ean, ch\u1eb3ng qua v\u00ec n\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf n\u00ean ta kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Theo \u0111o \u0111\u1ea1c, ng\u00e0y s\u00f3c v\u00e0 ng\u00e0y v\u1ecdng (th\u00e1ng \u00e2m l\u1ecbch l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y 1 ho\u1eb7c ng\u00e0y 15, ng\u00e0y 16) v\u1ecf Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t \u1edf v\u00f9ng B\u1eafc Kinh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00e2ng l\u00ean 40 cm. N\u1ebfu l\u00f2ng Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t \u0111ang trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1 d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00f9ng \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu l\u1ef1c t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng g\u1ea7n v\u1edbi gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n l\u1ef1c n\u1ee9t v\u1ee1, l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u00eam l\u1ef1c h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a M\u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 M\u1eb7t Tr\u0103ng c\u1ed9ng v\u00e0o th\u00ec n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t s\u1ebd t\u0103ng th\u00eam v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9t","ph\u00e1t ra. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y l\u1ef1c h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a M\u1eb7t Tr\u0103ng v\u00e0 M\u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 ch\u00e2m ng\u00f2i b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5. Qua \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t ph\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u ph\u00e1t sinh v\u00e0o ban \u0111\u00eam, h\u01a1n n\u1eefa th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1t sinh v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u ho\u1eb7c gi\u1eefa th\u00e1ng \u00e2m l\u1ecbch l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec ng\u1eabu nghi\u00ean. T \u1eeb kho\u00e1: \u0110\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t; L\u1ef1c h\u00fat c\u1ee7a M\u1eb7t Tr\u0103ng v\u00e0 M\u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi. 130. V\u00ec sao h\u1ed3 ch\u1ee9a n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1edbn d\u1ec5 g\u00e2y n\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t? V\u00f9ng Aol\u00f4u\u00e2y bang California M\u1ef9 trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed r\u1ea5t \u00edt x\u1ea3y ra \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t. Theo ghi ch\u00e9p t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1845 \u0111\u1ebfn nay, trong v\u00f2ng h\u01a1n 100 n\u0103m, trong b\u00e1n k\u00ednh 40 km ch\u01b0a h\u1ec1 x\u1ea3y ra \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t. Nh\u01b0ng sau th\u00e1ng 9 n\u0103m 1968 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec5u lo\u1ea1n. Ng\u00e0y 1 th\u00e1ng 8 n\u0103m 1975 c\u00f2n ph\u00e1t sinh m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ea5p 5,7 \u0111\u1ed9 Richte, khi\u1ebfn cho th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Aol\u00f4u\u00e2y b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng.","V\u00f9ng l\u00e2u nay kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00e0y v\u00ec sao b\u00e2y gi\u1edd l\u1ea1i th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t? Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta m\u1edbi x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng h\u1ed3 ch\u1ee9a n\u01b0\u1edbc. \u0110\u1ea7u th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 60 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t h\u1ed3 ch\u1ee9a n\u01b0\u1edbc lo\u1ea1i trung, dung t\u00edch kho\u1ea3ng 4,4 t\u1ec9 m\u00e9t kh\u1ed1i. N\u0103m 1967 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u00edch n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb th\u00e1ng 9 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng 12, \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp x\u1ea3y ra nh\u1eefng tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf. Ba th\u00e1ng ghi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 33 l\u1ea7n, b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n c\u1ee9 ba ng\u00e0y c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n. Ban \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf n\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng ch\u00fa \u00fd. Th\u00e1ng 7 n\u0103m 1969 khi n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t th\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t c\u0169ng t\u0103ng l\u00ean r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng th\u00e1ng 8 n\u0103m 1975 x\u1ea3y ra m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t m\u1ea1nh. V\u00ec x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng h\u1ed3 n\u01b0\u1edbc g\u00e2y n\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t sinh ra \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u v\u00f9ng tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Theo th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea, t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u c\u00f3 tr\u00ean 50 v\u00ed d\u1ee5. Trong \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t x\u1ea3y ra sau n\u0103m n\u0103m h\u1ed3 ch\u1ee9a n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1edf Kaila \u1ea5n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh, \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn 6,5 \u0111\u1ed9 Richte. \u1ede h\u1ed3 ch\u1ee9a n\u01b0\u1edbc T\u00e2n Phong c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c, sau khi t\u00edch n\u01b0\u1edbc ba n\u0103m c\u0169ng x\u1ea3y ra \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ea5p 6,1 \u0111\u1ed9 Richte. N\u00f3i chung ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta cho r\u1eb1ng: c\u00f3 hai nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0m cho h\u1ed3 ch\u1ee9a n\u01b0\u1edbc g\u00e2y ra \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t. Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb tr\u00ed h\u1ed3 ch\u1ee9a n\u01b0\u1edbc. H\u1ed3 n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u01b0\u1eddng","ch\u1ecdn ch\u1ed7 thung l\u0169ng h\u1eb9p \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i cho x\u00e2y \u0111\u1eadp. Nh\u1eefng thung l\u0169ng h\u1eb9p trong qu\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 n\u00fai th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 khu v\u1ef1c \u1ea9n t\u00e0ng t\u1ea7ng \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1 b\u1ecb g\u00e3y. N\u1ebfu khu v\u1ef1c \u1ea9n t\u00e0ng \u0111\u00f3 n\u1eb1m \u1edf t\u1ea7ng g\u00e3y \u0111ang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t. Th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 sau khi t\u00edch n\u01b0\u1edbc, t\u1ea7ng \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1 \u1edf \u0111\u00e1y h\u1ed3 ch\u1ecbu m\u1ed9t \u00e1p su\u1ea5t ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng l\u00ean, ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi v\u00ec n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea9m th\u1ea5u xu\u1ed1ng, khi\u1ebfn cho l\u1ef1c ma s\u00e1t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1, ho\u1eb7c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t gi\u1ea3m th\u1ea5p, n\u00ean ch\u00fang d\u1ec5 tr\u01b0\u1ee3t v\u1edbi nhau. T\u1ea7ng \u0111\u00e1 d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1y h\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00edch nghi v\u1edbi tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u00e1p su\u1ea5t m\u1edbi sau khi ch\u1ee9a n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1t sinh tr\u01b0\u1ee3t \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh. N\u1ebfu \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh nh\u1ecf th\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu, \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u1edf quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t m\u1ea1nh. V\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t do h\u1ed3 n\u01b0\u1edbc g\u00e2y ra c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh c\u1ee7a t\u1ea7ng \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1 \u0111\u00e1y h\u1ed3, cho n\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u1edbi dung t\u00edch ch\u1ee9a n\u01b0\u1edbc. N\u00f3i chung \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t x\u1ea3y ra sau khi h\u1ed3 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9a n\u01b0\u1edbc, h\u01a1n n\u1eefa m\u1ef1c n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e0ng d\u00e2ng cao th\u00ec t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t c\u0169ng t\u0103ng l\u00ean. Sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t s\u1ebd y\u1ebfu d\u1ea7n, k\u00e9o d\u00e0i th\u00e0nh m\u1ea5y ch\u1ee5c n\u0103m. C\u0103n c\u1ee9 quan s\u00e1t th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea nh\u1eefng khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t sinh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t l\u1edbn do h\u1ed3 ch\u1ee9a n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ec1 sau th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t m\u1ea1nh n\u1eefa.","T \u1eeb kho\u00e1: H\u1ed3 n\u01b0\u1edbc; \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t.","131. C\u00f3 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng? \u0110\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t m\u1ea1nh c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t gh\u00ea g\u1edbm. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t, t\u1eeb l\u00e2u \u0111\u00e3 mong mu\u1ed1n: c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4ng? Tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc cho r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Nh\u01b0ng nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc L\u00fd T\u1ee9 Quang c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c lu\u00f4n gi\u1eef quan \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o v\u00e0 \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m. M\u1ea5y n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 \u1edf H\u1ea3i Th\u00e0nh, Doanh Kh\u1ea9u v\u00e0 Xuy\u00ean T\u00e2y. Tuy c\u0169ng c\u00f3 l\u00fac b\u00e1o sai ho\u1eb7c b\u00e1o s\u00f3t, h\u01a1n n\u1eefa c\u00f2n c\u00e1ch xa \u0111\u1ed9 chu\u1ea9n x\u00e1c, nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. V\u00ec sao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c? M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u00e2y n\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u, nh\u01b0ng nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1 trong l\u00f2ng","\u0111\u1ea5t ch\u1ecbu l\u1ef1c t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng, ph\u00e1t sinh n\u1ee9t v\u1ee1 m\u00e0 g\u00e2y n\u00ean. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t sinh trong l\u1edbp v\u1ecf Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n tr\u00ean l\u1edbp c\u00f9i kho\u1ea3ng 70 km, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t t\u1eadp trung \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u 5 - 20 km trong l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea5t. T\u1ea7ng nham th\u1ea1ch \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 r\u1ea5t c\u1ee9ng, khi n\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu l\u1ef1c t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng th\u00ec c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c kh\u00e1ng v\u1ee1 r\u1ea5t m\u1ea1nh. Ch\u1ec9 khi l\u1ef1c t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu n\u1ed5i n\u00f3 m\u1edbi b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t, t\u1ea7ng nham th\u1ea1ch c\u00e0ng g\u1ea7n v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1, l\u1ef1c n\u00e0y c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn, n\u1ebfu khi \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00ec ta s\u1ebd bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eafp x\u1ea3y ra \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t. Th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 nham th\u1ea1ch ch\u1ecbu t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng, h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i v\u1ecf Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t b\u1ecb thay \u0111\u1ed5i. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t b\u1ecb n\u1ed5i l\u00ean, ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t xi\u00ean, ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 di chuy\u1ec3n theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ngang, ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t do d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 g\u00e3y n\u1ee9t, l\u1ea1i ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1ee3t n\u1eefa m\u00e0 g\u00e2y ra. V\u00ec v\u1eady l\u00fac s\u1eafp x\u1ea3y ra \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t, c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1c th\u01b0\u1eddng \u1edf hai b\u00ean ho\u1eb7c ph\u00eda d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb tr\u00ed s\u1eafp x\u1ea3y ra \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n r\u1ea5t r\u00f5, c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t d\u00e2ng cao t\u1eeb 1 - 7 m, m\u1eb7t b\u1eb1ng s\u1ee5t xu\u1ed1ng t\u1eeb 2 - 10 m. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u0103n c\u1ee9 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t.","Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t, nham th\u1ea1ch ch\u1ecbu l\u1ef1c r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, t\u1eeb t\u00ednh, t\u00ednh d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 t\u00ednh lan truy\u1ec1n s\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5n \u1edf v\u00f9ng \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u00e1t sinh thay \u0111\u1ed5i, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng m\u00e1y \u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Quy lu\u1eadt ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ea7m trong nham th\u1ea1ch c\u0169ng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 m\u1ef1c n\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1ebfng n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u00e2ng cao, ho\u1eb7c h\u1ea1 xu\u1ed1ng th\u1ea5p, n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ee7i b\u1ecdt, \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00e0u, thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00f9i v\u1ecb\u2026 Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t m\u1ea1nh th\u00ec th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t nh\u1eb9. Do \u0111\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft ra kinh nghi\u1ec7m \\\"\u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf s\u1ebd c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t m\u1ea1nh\\\" (nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 l\u00fac kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf v\u1eabn c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t m\u1ea1nh). Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nghe th\u1ea5y ti\u1ebfng k\u00eau \u1ea7m \u1ea7m t\u1eeb xa \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n, t\u1eeb g\u1ea7n ra xa gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 ti\u1ebfng s\u00f3ng ng\u1ea7m. C\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y t\u1eeb m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t b\u1ed1c l\u00ean m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf, m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng, m\u00e0u t\u00edm, m\u00e0u ch\u00e0m, m\u00e0u xanh, c\u00f3 l\u00fac l\u00e0 d\u1ea1ng d\u1ea3i, c\u00f3 l\u00fac l\u00e0 d\u1ea1ng ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda. \u0110\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t s\u1eafp x\u1ea3y ra.","R\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t ch\u00fang ho\u1ea3ng h\u1ed1t kh\u00e1c th\u01b0\u1eddng, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 g\u00e0 bay l\u00ean c\u00e0nh c\u00e2y, c\u00e1 nh\u1ea3y kh\u1ecfi m\u1eb7t n\u01b0\u1edbc, l\u1ee3n kh\u00f4ng \u0103n, ch\u00f3 c\u1eafn lung tung, chu\u1ed9t ra kh\u1ecfi hang ch\u1ea1y lo\u1ea1n x\u1ea1\u2026 \u0110\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00fac \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t x\u1ea3y ra, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng l\u00e0m c\u0103n c\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t. Nh\u01b0ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00fac \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t m\u1ea1nh x\u1ea3y ra, khu v\u1ef1c xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean r\u1ea5t r\u1ed9ng, th\u1eddi gian c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i, do \u0111\u00f3 mu\u1ed1n ph\u00e1n \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u, v\u00e0o l\u00fac n\u00e0o l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5. Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 quy lu\u1eadt. C\u00f9ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y \u0111o v\u00e0 ch\u1ee5p \u1ea3nh v\u1ec7 tinh, nh\u1eefng kinh nghi\u1ec7m t\u00edch lu\u1ef9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c h\u01a1n v\u00e0 k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi h\u01a1n. T \u1eeb kho\u00e1: Bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t; D\u1ef1 b\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t. 132. S\u1ea1t n\u00fai x\u1ea3y ra nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? V\u00f9ng Long L\u0103ng t\u1ec9nh V\u00e2n Nam Trung Qu\u1ed1c","t\u1eebng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c x\u1ea3y ra hai l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t m\u1ea1nh v\u1edbi c\u1ea5p 7,5 v\u00e0 7,6 \u0111\u1ed9 Richte. \u0110\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t khi\u1ebfn cho m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng n\u00fai trong ph\u1ea1m vi h\u01a1n 100 km vu\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t sinh \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00e1t v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1 s\u1ea1t l\u1edf, ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng c\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u1edbn, l\u1ea5p nhi\u1ec1u k\u00eanh n\u01b0\u1edbc, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n \u1edf g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3, nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea1t n\u00fai. S\u1ea1t n\u00fai l\u00e0 n\u00fai b\u1ecb l\u1edf, th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1t sinh \u1edf nh\u1eefng s\u01b0\u1eddn n\u00fai c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ed1c l\u1edbn. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p. \u0110\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1 \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a tr\u1ecdng l\u1ef1c m\u00e0 s\u1ea1t l\u1edf. Khi \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t, c\u00e1c ng\u1ecdn n\u00fai b\u1ecb ch\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ed9ng sinh ra s\u1ef1 s\u1ea1t l\u1edf \u1ea5y, khi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t sinh. N\u00fai s\u1ea1t l\u1edf l\u00e0 do \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1 tr\u00ean s\u01b0\u1eddn n\u00fai tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 b\u1ecb phong ho\u00e1 m\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb t\u00e1ch ra, m\u1ed9t khi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1eefa th\u00ec s\u1ebd b\u1ecb s\u1ea1t l\u1edf. Nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 s\u1ea1t l\u1edf t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean th\u01b0\u1eddng quy m\u00f4 nh\u1ecf, ch\u1ec9 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf \u1edf nh\u1eefng ch\u1ed7 c\u00e1 bi\u1ec7t. C\u00f3 l\u00fac nham th\u1ea1ch tr\u00ean v\u00e1ch n\u00fai ch\u01b0a ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n b\u1ecb n\u1ee9t v\u1ee1, tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i t\u00e1ch kh\u1ecfi n\u00fai m\u1eb9, nh\u01b0ng do \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t g\u00e2y ra ch\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00ean t\u1ea7ng nham th\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1, s\u1ea1t l\u1edf t\u1eebng m\u1ea3ng l\u1edbn. \u0110\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t m\u1ea1nh c\u00f3 l\u00fac c\u00f2n khi\u1ebfn cho nh\u1eefng t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e1 tr\u00ean","c\u00e1c ng\u1ecdn n\u00fai tuy kh\u00f4ng d\u1ed1c l\u1eafm, c\u0169ng b\u1ecb n\u1ea3y l\u00ean m\u00e0 l\u0103n xu\u1ed1ng. Cho n\u00ean s\u1ef1 s\u1ea1t l\u1edf do \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t g\u00e2y ra th\u01b0\u1eddng quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn, ph\u1ea1m vi r\u1ed9ng. L\u1edf n\u00fai c\u0169ng g\u00e2y ra nh\u1eefng t\u1ed5n h\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n cho nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n. \u1ede Chil\u00ea ph\u00e1t sinh m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ea5p 8,5 \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y l\u1edf n\u00fai trong ph\u1ea1m vi l\u1edbn. \u0110\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1 s\u1ea1t l\u1edf l\u00e0m t\u1eafc c\u1ea3 d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng, n\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ed3 d\u00e2ng l\u00ean, tr\u00e0n ra nh\u1ea5n ch\u00ecm th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3 65 km. T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 \u1edf nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng ph\u00e1t sinh. Nh\u01b0ng s\u1ea1t l\u1edf n\u00fai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch x\u1eed l\u00fd tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng ch\u1ed7 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ea1t l\u1edf, ho\u1eb7c x\u00e2y t\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1eafn \u1edf nh\u1eefng ch\u1ed7 th\u00edch h\u1ee3p th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i xu\u1ed1ng m\u1ee9c th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t. T \u1eeb kho\u00e1: L\u1edf n\u00fai; Nham th\u1ea1ch b\u1ecb phong ho\u00e1. 133. V\u00ec sao c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u0169 b\u00f9n \u0111\u00e1?","B\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 xem b\u1ed9 phim khoa h\u1ecdc gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u201cL\u0169 b\u00f9n \u0111\u00e1\u201d ch\u01b0a? C\u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u0169 b\u00f9n \u0111\u00e1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t, qu\u1ea3 th\u1eadt con ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm khi th\u1ea5y: m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n b\u00f9n s\u00e1nh s\u1ebd bao b\u1ecdc l\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng h\u00f2n \u0111\u00e1 to, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 l\u0169 n\u00fai v\u1edbi th\u1ebf \u201cd\u1eddi n\u00fai l\u1ea5p bi\u1ec3n\u201d, \u0111\u1ed5 xu\u1ed1ng d\u1ecdc theo thung l\u0169ng, khi nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y l\u1edbp b\u00f9n b\u1eafn tung l\u00ean, vang \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u1eafp thung l\u0169ng, ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t n\u00fai th\u00e0nh bi\u1ec3n b\u00f9n \u0111\u00e1. L\u0169 b\u00f9n \u0111\u00e1 th\u01b0\u1eddng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf v\u00f9ng n\u00fai \u00f4n \u0111\u1edbi ho\u1eb7c khu v\u1ef1c b\u00e1n kh\u00f4 h\u1ea1n, lo\u1ea1i d\u00f2ng n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u0169 n\u00e0y khi nhanh nh\u1ea5t th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 x\u1ea5p x\u1ec9 10m\/s. H\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n t\u1ea5n \u0111\u00e1 l\u1edbn t\u1ef1a nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng kh\u00fac g\u1ed7 tr\u00f4i n\u1ed5i tr\u00ean d\u00f2ng n\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u1ee9 b\u1ed3ng b\u1ec1nh nh\u01b0 v\u1eady cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi xu\u1ed1ng t\u1edbi n\u01a1i b\u1eb1ng ph\u1eb3ng d\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u00e2n n\u00fai m\u1edbi ng\u1eebng l\u0103n. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec v\u1eady, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 di chuy\u1ec3n h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u m\u00e9t kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1 xu\u1ed1ng ch\u00e2n n\u00fai. Th\u1eed t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd mang l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 nguy h\u1ea1i l\u1edbn th\u1ebf n\u00e0o cho nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i? T\u1ea1i sao l\u1ea1i xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u201cL\u0169 b\u00f9n \u0111\u00e1\u201d? N\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u s\u00e2u v\u1ec1 \u201cngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c\u201d c\u1ee7a l\u0169 b\u00f9n \u0111\u00e1, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n: V\u00f9ng n\u00e0y xung quanh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao b\u1ecdc b\u1edfi c\u00e1c v\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1 d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ee9ng, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t khe n\u00fai","h\u1eb9p. N\u00fai ph\u1ee5 c\u1eadn g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 tr\u01a1 tr\u1ee5i, r\u1ea5t \u00edt c\u00e2y c\u1ed1i. Do \u0111\u00f3 nham th\u1ea1ch tr\u00ean n\u00fai d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng phong h\u00f3a v\u00e0 n\u1eafng m\u01b0a r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t v\u00e0 v\u1ee1 th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng m\u1ea3nh nham th\u1ea1ch l\u1edbn nh\u1ecf. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a tr\u1ecdng l\u1ef1c, nham th\u1ea1ch r\u01a1i v\u00e0o trong khe n\u00fai, d\u1ed3n t\u00edch l\u1ea1i m\u1ed7i l\u00fac m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ec1u, t\u1ea1o b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec7m h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh l\u0169 b\u00f9n \u0111\u00e1. N\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 \u1edf g\u1ea7n v\u00f9ng c\u00f3 tuy\u1ebft, hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y c\u00e0ng r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t. Bu\u1ed5i t\u1ed1i, n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ebd \u0111\u00f3ng b\u0103ng trong c\u00e1c k\u1ebd n\u1ee9t, sau \u0111\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00edch b\u0103ng ph\u00ecnh to, khi\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c s\u1ee5t \u1edf nham th\u1ea1ch nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n; ban ng\u00e0y, b\u0103ng tan ra l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00e1m d\u00ednh gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c m\u1ea3nh nham th\u1ea1ch, s\u1ebd li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp s\u1eadp xu\u1ed1ng n\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ec9nh tuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5 c\u1eadn x\u1ea3y ra s\u1ea1t l\u1edf tuy\u1ebft, l\u00e0m cho nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e1 l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ed5 x\u00f4 xu\u1ed1ng. Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1edbn, l\u00e0m cho l\u1edbp b\u00f9n trong khe n\u00fai b\u1ecb ng\u1ea5m n\u01b0\u1edbc, khi \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9","b\u00e3o h\u00f2a, n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ebd gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 d\u1ea7u b\u00f4i tr\u01a1n, l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m l\u1ef1c ma s\u00e1t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00e1m d\u00ednh gi\u1eefa b\u00f9n \u0111\u00e1. N\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh v\u00f9ng \u0111\u00f3 d\u1ed1c, d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a tr\u1ecdng l\u1ef1c, s\u1ed1 b\u00f9n \u0111\u00e1 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1eeb t\u1eeb chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng. Do \u0111\u00f3, l\u0169 b\u00f9n \u0111\u00e1 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i m\u1edbi x\u1ea3y ra m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n. Kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eeb v\u00e0i n\u0103m \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0i ch\u1ee5c n\u0103m. Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 v\u00f9ng l\u00e2n c\u1eadn x\u1ea3y ra \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c b\u00e3o, s\u1ebd l\u00e0m cho d\u00f2ng n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u0169 n\u00e0y t\u1eeb t\u1eeb ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 \u201cH\u1ed5 th\u00eam c\u00e1nh\u201d, b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd lao xu\u1ed1ng. Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu \u1edf khu v\u1ef1c kh\u00f4ng x\u1ea3y ra \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t, khi b\u00f9n v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1 t\u00edch t\u1ee5 n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, khi ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ef1c ma s\u00e1t, n\u00f3 c\u0169ng s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea9y nhanh t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00e0 lao xu\u1ed1ng. T\u1eeb \u201c\u0111\u1ea7u ngu\u1ed3n\u201d c\u1ee7a l\u0169 b\u00f9n \u0111\u00e1 h\u01b0\u1edbng xu\u1ed1ng, d\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u00e2n d\u1ed1c s\u1ebd ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t khe s\u00e2u cao h\u1eb9p v\u00e0 d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ee9ng. \u0110\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u201ckhu l\u01b0u th\u00f4ng\u201d c\u1ee7a l\u0169 b\u00f9n \u0111\u00e1. B\u00f9n \u0111\u00e1 n\u00e0y \u0111ua nhau lao xu\u1ed1ng, t\u1edbi khu v\u1ef1c l\u01b0u th\u00f4ng d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y, v\u00ec d\u1ed1c v\u00e0 h\u1eb9p, th\u1ebf n\u0103ng chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u0103ng, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1ebd c\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng nhanh, l\u1ef1c t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0o n\u00f3 c\u0169ng c\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn, kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng va \u0111\u1eadp v\u00e0o hai v\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a khe n\u00fai. \u0110\u00e1, c\u00e1t, b\u00f9n c\u1ee7a hai v\u00e1ch c\u1ee9 li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp r\u01a1i xu\u1ed1ng, kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng l\u00e0m","cho \u201c\u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169\u201d l\u0169 b\u00f9n \u0111\u00e1 l\u1edbn m\u1ea1nh, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh l\u0169 b\u00f9n \u0111\u00e1 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng con s\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e1 v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng g\u00e0o th\u00e9t d\u1eef d\u1ed9i. L\u0169 b\u00f9n \u0111\u00e1 sau khi tr\u1ea3i qua giai \u0111o\u1ea1n gia t\u1ed1c n\u00e0y, va \u0111\u1eadp m\u1ea1nh xu\u1ed1ng v\u00f9ng b\u1eb1ng ph\u1eb3ng d\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u00e2n n\u00fai. Do \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng ph\u1eb3ng, d\u00f2ng \u0111\u00e1 t\u1ea3n \u0111i kh\u1eafp m\u1ecdi n\u01a1i, \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u0103ng y\u1ebfu \u0111i, d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n \u0111em l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn b\u00f9n \u0111\u00e1 ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1ng ph\u00eda d\u01b0\u1edbi, h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh n\u00ean \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh qu\u1ea1t, th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1ea5n ch\u00ecm c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u1edbn, ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft v\u00e0 c\u1ea7u, g\u00e2y ra nh\u1eefng thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng cho vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng khu v\u1ef1c mi\u1ec1n n\u00fai. M\u1ed9t v\u00e0i v\u00f9ng n\u00fai cao c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y B\u1eafc v\u00e0 T\u00e2y Nam, v\u00f9ng n\u00fai bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi cao nguy\u00ean T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 v\u00f9ng ho\u00e0ng th\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y B\u1eafc Trung Qu\u1ed1c l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u1ea3y ra \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1 tr\u00f4i. \u1ede n\u01a1i n\u00fai cao thung l\u0169ng s\u00e2u \u0111\u00f3, nhi\u1ec1u m\u01b0a tuy\u1ebft, th\u01b0\u1eddng x\u1ea3y ra tuy\u1ebft s\u1ea1t ho\u1eb7c m\u01b0a b\u00e3o, c\u00e0ng l\u00e0m cho v\u1ecf Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u01a1i c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh thich h\u1ee3p s\u1ebd r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 x\u1ea3y ra l\u0169 b\u00f9n \u0111\u00e1. T \u1eeb kh\u00f3a: L\u0169 b\u00f9n \u0111\u00e1.","134. V\u00ec sao l\u1ed7 r\u00f2 d\u1ec5 g\u00e2y v\u1ee1 \u0111\u00ea? N\u0103m 1998 v\u00f9ng Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Giang, N\u1ed9n Giang v\u00e0 s\u00f4ng T\u00f9ng Hoa Trung Qu\u1ed1c g\u1eb7p tr\u1eadn l\u1ee5t to hi\u1ebfm th\u1ea5y, trong \u0111\u00f3 nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7 r\u00f2 \u1edf c\u00e1c th\u00e2n \u0111\u00ea \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng, c\u00f3 l\u00fac d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ee1 \u0111\u00ea, g\u00e2y n\u00ean t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn. T\u00e1m gi\u1edd t\u1ed1i ng\u00e0y 1 th\u00e1ng 8 \u1edf \u0111\u00ea Ph\u00e1i Ch\u00e2u Loan huy\u1ec7n Gia Ng\u01b0 t\u1ec9nh H\u1ed3 B\u1eafc, ph\u00eda b\u1edd nam s\u00f4ng Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Giang, c\u00e1ch ch\u00e2n \u0111\u00ea 40 m xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t l\u1ed7 r\u00f2 m\u1ea1nh. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng canh \u0111\u00ea \u0111\u00e3 ra s\u1ee9c c\u1ee9u ch\u1eefa, nh\u01b0ng 30 ph\u00fat sau \u0111\u00ea b\u1ecb v\u1ee1. L\u1ea7n v\u1ee1 \u0111\u00ea \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m cho 83 km2 ng\u1eadp n\u01b0\u1edbc, g\u00e2y thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i h\u01a1n n\u0103m v\u1ea1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ea5t nh\u00e0 \u1edf. 1 gi\u1edd chi\u1ec1u ng\u00e0y 7 th\u00e1ng 8 b\u1edd \u0111\u00ea s\u00f4ng Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Giang \u1edf th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 C\u1eedu Giang b\u1ecb v\u1ee1 g\u00e2y n\u00ean m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadn l\u1ee5t l\u1edbn. L\u1ed7 r\u00f2 l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n m\u1ef1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00eda tr\u00ean d\u00e2ng cao, \u1edf ph\u00eda d\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u00e2n \u0111\u00ea ph\u00e1t sinh nh\u1eefng ch\u1ed7 r\u00f2. L\u1ed7 r\u00f2 nh\u1ecf th\u00ec nh\u01b0 t\u1ed5 ki\u1ebfn, to h\u01a1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eb1ng m\u1ea5y ch\u1ee5c cm, \u00edt th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i l\u1ed7, nhi\u1ec1u th\u00ec g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ed7 chi ch\u00edt, c\u00f3 l\u00fac bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee5n \u0111\u1ea5t nh\u00f4 l\u00ean. L\u1ed7 r\u00f2 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, \u0111\u1ea5t b\u1ecb cu\u1ed1n tr\u00f4i r\u1ea5t nhanh. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi c\u1ee9u h\u1ed9 n\u00f3 s\u1ebd nhanh ch\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e0o r\u1ed9ng ch\u00e2n \u0111\u00ea, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ee1 \u0111\u00ea g\u00e2y n\u00ean tai ho\u1ea1.","Ch\u1ed7 ph\u00e1t sinh l\u1ed7 r\u00f2 n\u00f3i chung l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t n\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00ea b\u1ecb ph\u1ee7 b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp ng\u1ea5m n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ea1nh, ph\u00eda d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 l\u1edbp c\u00e1t m\u1ecbn ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 c\u00e1t th\u00f4. Khi m\u1ef1c n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u00e2ng l\u00ean th\u00ec t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ea5m c\u0169ng t\u0103ng l\u00ean. Khi n\u00f3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 s\u1ee9c ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00f3ng ch\u00e2n \u0111\u00ea s\u1ebd sinh ra l\u1ed7 r\u00f2. C\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 do ph\u00eda ch\u00e2n \u0111\u00ea b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e0o ph\u00e1 l\u00e0m cho l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ea5t b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t b\u1ecb h\u1ecfng. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1p su\u1ea5t m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 th\u1ea9m th\u1ea5u l\u00e0m cho \u0111\u1ea5t b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea9y tr\u00f4i m\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u00f9n l\u00ean. M\u1ed9t khi ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 l\u1ed7 r\u00f2, n\u00ean l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch b\u1ecbt ngay \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea5t b\u1ecb tr\u00f4i. C\u1ea7n \u0111\u1eafp b\u1eb1ng lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea5t kh\u00f4 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh d\u1ebbo m\u1edbi c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. T \u1eeb kho\u00e1: L\u1ed7 r\u00f2. 135. V\u00ec sao mi\u1ec1n Nam Trung Qu\u1ed1c l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecf? \u0110\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 t\u1ea1i ph\u00eda nam s\u00f4ng Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Giang Trung Qu\u1ed1c, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh khu v\u1ef1c nam b\u1ed9 nh\u01b0 H\u1ed3 B\u1eafc, mi\u1ec1n nam t\u1ec9nh An Huy, t\u1ec9nh Ph\u00fac Ki\u1ebfn, mi\u1ec1n trung t\u1ec9nh Chi\u1ebft Giang, Giang T\u00e2y, H\u1ed3 Nam. \u0110\u1ee9ng trong c\u00e1c thung l\u0169ng n\u00e0y nh\u00ecn xu\u1ed1ng s\u1ebd","th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng g\u00f2, \u0111\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecf n\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfp nhau. Cho d\u00f9 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m xuy\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng h\u00e0ng c\u00e2y xanh, hoa c\u1ecf nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng ph\u00ec nhi\u00eau c\u1ee7a v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng, ch\u00fang ta d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1eb1n c\u1ed7i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t tr\u00ean. Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecf ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 t\u1ea1i ph\u00eda nam, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u00ed do. Nham th\u1ea1ch trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i b\u1ecb phong h\u00f3a d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n b\u1ecb v\u1ee1 v\u1ee5n v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh l\u1edbp v\u1ecf phong h\u00f3a, d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a vi sinh v\u1eadt s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea5t. L\u1edbp v\u1ecf phong h\u00f3a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 trong c\u00e1c thung l\u0169ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng nh\u00e1nh s\u00f4ng l\u1edbn nh\u01b0: Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Giang, T\u01b0\u01a1ng Giang, Nguy\u00ean Giang, C\u00e1n Giang, s\u00f4ng Ti\u1ec1n \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng v.v.. \u0110\u1ea1i b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 3 k\u1ef7 ph\u1ea5n tr\u1eafng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y 80~140 tri\u1ec7u n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u1ea5t s\u00e9t, \u0111\u1ea5t b\u00f9n, sa th\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ecf l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh n\u00ean \u201cH\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e1 \u0111\u1ecf\u201d, n\u00f3 c\u00f2n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn \u201cH\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00fai \u0111\u00e1 H\u1ecfa S\u01a1n\u201d \u0111\u00e1 \u0111\u1ecf c\u00f3 t\u00ednh axit, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb k\u1ec9 Jura t\u1edbi k\u1ec9 ph\u1ea5n tr\u1eafng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y kho\u1ea3ng 140~195 tri\u1ec7u n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9a m\u1ed9t h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kho\u00e1ng s\u1ea3n s\u1eaft cao. Do mi\u1ec1n Nam thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1edbi kh\u00ed h\u1eadu \u00e1 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi, \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u00ed h\u1eadu \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao, m\u01b0a nhi\u1ec1u, c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 linh ho\u1ea1t c\u00f3 trong l\u1edbp v\u1ecf phong h\u00f3a nh\u01b0: kali, magie,","canxi, natri\u2026 r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u01b0a h\u00f2a tan v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1n tr\u00f4i \u0111i, c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb h\u00f2a tan nh\u01b0: s\u1eaft v\u00e0 nh\u00f4m s\u1ebd b\u1ecb cu\u1ed1n theo d\u00f2ng n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 th\u1ea9m th\u1ea5u, k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a trong \u0111\u1ea5t s\u00e9t. Sau khi b\u1ecb oxy h\u00f3a, \u0111\u1ea5t s\u00e9t b\u1ecb ph\u1ee7 l\u00ean b\u1edfi m\u00e0u n\u00e2u c\u1ee7a oxit nh\u00f4m v\u00e0 m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf c\u1ee7a oxit s\u1eaft. Do h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng oxit s\u1eaft c\u00f3 trong \u0111\u1ea5t s\u00e9t l\u1edbn h\u01a1n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng oxit nh\u00f4m, cho n\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t s\u00e9t s\u1ebd c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf h\u01a1n nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng do ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu m\u1ed9t \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a oxit nh\u00f4m n\u00ean trong m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf v\u1eabn c\u00f3 m\u00e0u x\u00e1m tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf g\u1ea1ch , \u0111\u1ea5t s\u00e9t c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u00eam m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i t\u00ean n\u1eefa l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecf. \u0110\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecf l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00f3 t\u00ednh axit, c\u1eb1n c\u1ed7i v\u00e0 b\u1ea1c m\u00e0u, th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e1c c\u00e2y n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3i qua qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ea5t, l\u00e0m t\u0103ng c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ki\u1ec1m v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 c\u00f3 trong \u0111\u1ea5t m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecf th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea5t canh t\u00e1c. Ngo\u00e0i ra c\u00f2n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch mang t\u00ednh kinh t\u1ebf nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh tr\u1ed3ng nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i c\u00e2y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00f3 t\u00ednh axit, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 tr\u1ed3ng ch\u00e8, c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e0 con sinh s\u1ed1ng t\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tho\u00e1t ngh\u00e8o v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng kinh t\u1ebf.","T \u1eeb kho\u00e1: \u0110\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecf; oxit s\u1eaft v\u00e0 oxit nh\u00f4m. 136. V\u00ec sao Tam Hi\u1ec7p-Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Giang \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t hi\u1ec3m tr\u1edf? To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 ba eo n\u00fai c\u1ee7a th\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u01b0u s\u00f4ng Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Giang c\u00f3 chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i kho\u1ea3ng 200km, \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng hi\u1ec3m tr\u1edf. Hai b\u00ean b\u1edd s\u00f4ng v\u1edbi r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u n\u00fai, c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec9nh cao h\u01a1n 500m so v\u1edbi m\u1eb7t s\u00f4ng, c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec9nh c\u00f2n d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ee9ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1eb1m gi\u1eefa s\u00f4ng n\u01b0\u1edbc, m\u1eb7t s\u00f4ng thu h\u1eb9p l\u1ea1i r\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 200 ~ 300m, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed ch\u1ed7 h\u1eb9p nh\u1ea5t ch\u1ec9 kho\u1ea3ng 100m, n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f4ng ch\u1ea3y xi\u1ebft, d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng quanh co l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u gh\u1ec1nh \u0111\u00e1 nguy hi\u1ec3m. V\u00ec sao Tam Hi\u1ec7p-Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Giang l\u1ea1i hi\u1ec3m tr\u1edf nh\u01b0 v \u1eady ? M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc cho bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u201cc\u1eaft \u0111\u1ee9t\u201d v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a v\u1ecf Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t. H\u1ecd cho r\u1eb1ng h\u01a1n 100 tri\u1ec7u n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00f9ng l\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3o T\u1ee9 Xuy\u00ean v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a bi\u1ec3n, v\u1ec1 sau do v\u1ecf Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t l\u00ean cao m\u00e0 d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh h\u1ed3 l\u1ee5c","\u0111\u1ecba (h\u1ed3 n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7n), ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a ho\u00e3n c\u1ee7a c\u1ee7a v\u1ecf Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian, \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ea5y ngh\u00ecn n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, gi\u1eefa h\u1ed3 v\u00e0 s\u00f4ng Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Giang b\u1ecb ng\u0103n c\u00e1ch b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e2n th\u1ee7y, ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 d\u1ea3i Tam Hi\u1ec7p hi\u1ec7n nay. L\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a s\u00f4ng Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Giang ch\u1ea3y theo h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u00f4ng t\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e2n th\u1ee7y n\u00e0y, n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb ph\u00eda t\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e2n th\u1ee7y ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0o trong h\u1ed3. N\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ea3y kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng l\u00e0m x\u00f3i m\u00f2n m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t, tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e2n th\u1ee7y ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t khe n\u01b0\u1edbc. Khe n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng, s\u00e2u h\u01a1n v\u00e0 d\u00e0i ra, ch\u1ec9 khi c\u00f3 m\u01b0a xu\u1ed1ng khe r\u00e3nh n\u00e0y m\u1edbi c\u00f3 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh th\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u01b0u m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng s\u1ebd c\u1eaft \u0111\u1ee9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e2n th\u1ee7y ra s\u00f4ng c\u00e1i, khi\u1ebfn cho h\u1ed3 l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ee7a s\u00f4ng Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Giang v\u00e0 v\u00f9ng l\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3o T\u1ee9 Xuy\u00ean ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c. Trong su\u1ed1t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh \u201cc\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh\u201d to l\u1edbn n\u00e0y, s\u00f4ng ng\u00f2i ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e2n th\u1ee7y ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0o trong h\u1ed3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi s\u00f4ng Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Giang g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n t\u1ee5 h\u1ed9i.","Trong kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian sau khi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e2n","th\u1ee7y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khai th\u00f4ng, \u0111\u1ecba th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a d\u1ea3i n\u00fai n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 b\u1edbt hi\u1ec3m tr\u1edf, nh\u01b0ng v\u1ec1 sau v\u1ecf tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t \u1edf n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y l\u1ea1i l\u00ean cao, n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0103n m\u00f2n xu\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi, d\u1ea7n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh hi\u1ec7n tr\u1ea1ng nh\u01b0 ng\u00e0y nay. Theo quy lu\u1eadt t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, khi l\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng b\u1ecb b\u00e0o m\u00f2n \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac cao \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u1eefa m\u1eb7t s\u00f4ng v\u00e0 m\u1eb7t bi\u1ec3n th\u00ec s\u1ee9c n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ecb gi\u1ea3m m\u1ea1nh th\u1eadm ch\u00ed m\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0103n m\u00f2n xu\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi, chuy\u1ec3n qua ph\u00e1 h\u1ecfng hai b\u1edd, \u0103n v\u00e0o l\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng, v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t cao c\u1ee7a hai b\u1edd s\u00f4ng c\u0169ng d\u1ea7n b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y. Nh\u01b0ng do \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t d\u00f2ng n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ea3y kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng qu\u00e9t s\u00e2u xu\u1ed1ng l\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng, m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c ph\u1ea1m vi l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng, v\u00ec th\u1ebf m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 cao so v\u1edbi m\u1eb7t bi\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a l\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng v\u00e0 m\u1eb7t s\u00f4ng lu\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c duy tr\u00ec \u1edf m\u1ee9c kh\u00e1 cao, n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ea3y th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 l\u1ef1c x\u00f3i m\u00f2n m\u1ea1nh xu\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi v\u00ec th\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn cho \u0111\u1ec9nh n\u00fai \u1edf hai b\u00ean b\u1edd tr\u00f4ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng cao. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111\u1ebfn khi n\u00e0o eo n\u00fai m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf th\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh eo s\u00f4ng h\u1ebbm n\u00fai \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 do k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 x\u00f3i m\u00f2n c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f4ng ch\u1ea3y xu\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 n\u00e2ng l\u00ean kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng c\u1ee7a v\u1ecf Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n nghi ng\u1edd g\u00ec n\u1eefa. Nh\u1eefng eo s\u00f4ng h\u1ebbm n\u00fai s\u00e2u v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3m tr\u1edf m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y hi\u1ec7n nay ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u n\u00e2ng l\u00ean c\u1ee7a v\u1ecf Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t. R\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u khu v\u1ef1c \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 khu","v\u1ef1c mi\u1ec1n T\u00e2y \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111ang l\u00ean cao. Cho n\u00ean Trung Qu\u1ed1c kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 Tam Hi\u1ec7p m\u00e0 c\u00f2n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u eo s\u00f4ng h\u1ebbm n\u00fai kh\u00e1c. M\u00e3i cho \u0111\u1ebfn b\u00e2y gi\u1edd, s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00ean cao c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y v\u1eabn \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra, eo s\u00f4ng h\u1ebbm n\u00fai c\u0169ng v\u1eabn \u0111ang ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. T \u1eeb kho\u00e1: Tam Hi\u1ec7p Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Giang. 137. C\u1eeda s\u00f4ng Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Giang c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i n\u1eb1m \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u? M\u1edf b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 nh\u00ecn tho\u00e1ng qua ta \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y c\u1eeda s\u00f4ng Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Giang \u0111\u1ed5 v\u00e0o bi\u1ec3n, t\u1ef1a nh\u01b0 mi\u1ec7ng l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a con r\u1ed3ng: khu v\u1ef1c Giang T\u00f4 h\u01b0\u1edbng ra ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng l\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u00ean, khu v\u1ef1c h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda nam Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng H\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1edbi, h\u1ea1t ng\u1ecdc ng\u1eadm gi\u1eefa mi\u1ec7ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3o S\u00f9ng Minh. Tuy nhi\u00ean kho\u1ea3ng 5000~6000 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, s\u00f4ng Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Giang kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 b\u00e2y gi\u1edd, v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1edf Tr\u1ea5n Giang, khu v\u1ef1c D\u01b0\u01a1ng Ch\u00e2u. C\u1eeda s\u00f4ng Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Giang ph\u1ed3n hoa ng\u00e0y nay khi \u0111\u00f3 v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecbnh l\u1edbn.","L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3? L\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u tra th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, th\u00f4ng qua nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u chuy\u00ean s\u00e2u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ecba t\u1ea7ng, ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a khu v\u1ef1c t\u1eeb ph\u00eda ngo\u00e0i Th\u00e1i Th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a Giang T\u00f4 cho \u0111\u1ebfn khu v\u1ef1c T\u00e0o Kinh c\u1ee7a Kim S\u01a1n \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng t\u00edch l\u0169y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ecf s\u00f2 c\u00f3 c\u00e1t. M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ebft v\u1ecf s\u00f2 l\u00e0 x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n. V\u1ecf s\u00f2 n\u00e0y, th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 do b\u00f9n c\u00e1t \u1edf c\u1eeda s\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5 v\u00e0o bi\u1ec3n b\u1ecb s\u00f3ng bi\u1ec3n cu\u1ed1n v\u00e0 t\u00edch l\u0169y \u1edf g\u1ea7n c\u1eeda s\u00f4ng, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 v\u1ecf s\u00f2 c\u00e1t n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y, ch\u1ee9ng minh r\u1eb1ng trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u1ea3i b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n. H\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c d\u1ea3i b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n c\u1ed5 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 \u1edf ven Ph\u00fac S\u01a1n-Th\u00e1i Th\u01b0\u01a1ng- Kim S\u01a1n. Tr\u00ean \u1ea3nh ch\u1ee5p t\u1eeb v\u1ec7 tinh \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh r\u00f5 n\u00e9t, vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ee9ng th\u1ef1c \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn th\u00eam \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc. Ngo\u00e0i ra, s\u1eed s\u00e1ch trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 c\u1ed5 l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n l\u1ea1i c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a c\u1eeda s\u00f4ng Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Giang, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0: Qu\u00e1ch Ph\u00e1c nh\u00e0 v\u0103n trong tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 T\u1ea5n (n\u0103m 276-324) trong to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng \u201cGiang Ph\u00fac\u201d \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn \u201cC\u1ed5 H\u1ed3ng \u0110\u00e0o \u1edf X\u00edch ng\u1ea1n, Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng D\u01b0 Ba \u1edf S\u00e0i Tang (t\u00ean huy\u1ec7n c\u0169, nay thu\u1ed9c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 C\u1eedu Giang t\u1ec9nh H\u1ed3 Nam).\u201d C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng trong tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 T\u1ea5n thu\u1ef7 tri\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t g\u1ea7n C\u1eedu Giang. Nh\u01b0ng hi\u1ec7n nay thu\u1ef7 tri\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9","c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn Vu H\u1ed3, l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 c\u1eeda s\u00f4ng Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Giang ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn l\u00e0 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn, \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi 180 km, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn c\u0169ng n\u1eb1m \u1edf ph\u00eda t\u00e2y b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n ng\u00e0y nay. C\u0103n c\u1ee9 theo c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o \u0111\u00ea bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ven b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i, d\u00f9ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00f9 sa m\u00e0 s\u00f4ng Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Giang t\u00edch t\u1ee5 m\u1ed7i n\u0103m \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u1ec1u cho r\u1eb1ng c\u1eeda l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a s\u00f4ng Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Giang c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i n\u1eb1m \u1edf khu v\u1ef1c Tr\u1ea5n Giang, D\u01b0\u01a1ng Ch\u00e2u. Tuy nhi\u00ean quan \u0111i\u1ec3m theo t\u1eebng th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n, c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn. 5000~6000 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u1eeda s\u00f4ng Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Giang kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng di chuy\u1ec3n, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 do s\u1ef1 t\u00edch t\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a d\u1ea3i ph\u00f9 sa, Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Giang l\u00e0 con s\u00f4ng c\u00f3 d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y r\u1ea5t d\u00e0i, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1ea5t d\u1ed3i d\u00e0o, m\u1ed7i n\u0103m \u0111\u1ec1u mang m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u00f9n c\u00e1t l\u1edbn v\u1ec1 c\u1eeda s\u00f4ng, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 sau tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 Tu\u1ef3 v\u00e0 tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 T\u1ea5n s\u00f4ng Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Giang ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ed3i n\u00fai s\u00f4ng ng\u00f2i, vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed1t n\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0m r\u1eaby khi\u1ebfn cho \u0111\u1ea5t b\u1ecb x\u00f3i m\u00f2n, b\u00f9n c\u00e1t \u1edf s\u00f4ng Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Giang c\u0169ng t\u0103ng theo ng\u00e0y th\u00e1ng, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn ph\u00f9 sa t\u00edch t\u1ee5 \u1edf trong v\u1ecbnh ph\u00eda d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u00f4ng Giang \u00c2m, s\u1ef1 t\u00edch t\u1ee5 c\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u, d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n l\u1ed9 ra m\u1eb7t bi\u1ec3n, hi\u1ec7n nay","chuy\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh v\u00f9ng ch\u00e2u th\u1ed5, v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i v\u1ecf s\u00f2 ch\u00f4n v\u00f9i trong l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea5t v\u1edbi c\u00e1t, l\u00e0m nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee9ng cho c\u1eeda s\u00f4ng Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Giang c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i. T \u1eeb kho\u00e1: C\u1eeda s\u00f4ng Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Giang. 138. V\u00ec sao m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng H\u1ea3i l\u1ea1i b\u1ecb l\u00fan xu\u1ed1ng? N\u1ebfu \u0111i d\u1ea1o tr\u00ean b\u1edd s\u00f4ng T\u00f4 Ch\u00e2u Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng H\u1ea3i b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ea7u \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y r\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p, c\u00e1ch m\u1eb7t n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1eb3ng l\u00e0 bao, cho d\u00f9 thuy\u1ec1n nh\u1ecf c\u0169ng kh\u00f3 m\u00e0 chui qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. G\u1eb7p khi c\u00f3 thu\u1ef7 tri\u1ec1u th\u00ec thuy\u1ec1n b\u00e8 \u0111\u00e0nh ng\u1eebng l\u1ea1i hai b\u00ean b\u1edd ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac n\u01b0\u1edbc r\u00fat. Ch\u1eafc b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd tr\u00e1ch thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u1ea7u th\u1ea5p qu\u00e1. Th\u1ef1c ra \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 l\u1ed7i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf. Ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ea7u v\u1ed1n r\u1ea5t cao, nh\u01b0ng sau do m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t l\u00fan xu\u1ed1ng n\u00ean c\u1ea7u b\u1ecb h\u1ea1 th\u1ea5p khi\u1ebfn cho thuy\u1ec1n b\u00e8 qua l\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n. Theo \u0111i\u1ec1u tra t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1921 - 1965, trong 44 n\u0103m m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng H\u1ea3i l\u00e0 khu v\u1ef1c b\u1ecb l\u00fan r\u1ea5t nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng, t\u1ed5ng c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn 2,63 m. Sau n\u00e0y tuy \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng nhi\u1ec1u bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ea5t v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c b\u1ecb l\u00fan, tuy c\u00f3 nh\u1eb9 h\u01a1n.","Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ea5t l\u00fan kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u1edf Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng H\u1ea3i m\u00e0 tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ed7 c\u0169ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n. B\u00ecnh nguy\u00ean tam gi\u00e1c ch\u00e2u Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Giang, Thi\u00ean T\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Hoa B\u1eafc c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 T\u00e2y An c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c n\u1eb1m s\u00e2u trong l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ea5t l\u00fan \u1edf nh\u1eefng m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c nhau. \u1ede n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i nh\u01b0 M\u1ef9, T\u00f4ky\u00f4 (Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n), London (Anh), Matxc\u01a1va (Nga), th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 M\u00eahic\u00f4 (M\u00eahic\u00f4), B\u0103ng C\u1ed1c (Th\u00e1i Lan)\u2026. \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t l\u00fan tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Trong \u0111\u00f3 b\u00e3i Shang \u1edf M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 M\u00eahic\u00f4 \u0111\u1ea5t l\u00fan nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t, t\u1ed5ng c\u1ed9ng nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m nay l\u00fan qu\u00e1 9 m. \u0110\u1ea5t l\u00fan kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng g\u00e2y n\u00ean c\u1ea7u b\u1ecb h\u1ea1 th\u1ea5p m\u00e0 c\u00f2n d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u00e1 h\u1ecfng n\u1ec1n m\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac, c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ng\u1ea7m, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ea7m, l\u00e0m cho kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u00fang gi\u1ea3m y\u1ebfu v\u00e0 g\u00e2y ra nhi\u1ec1u h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 kh\u00e1c. Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u00e2y \u0111\u1ea5t l\u00fan r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u, nh\u01b0ng nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 khai th\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ea7m qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c. Nh\u01b0 ta \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft, n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ea7m ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ea7y gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t trong t\u1ea7ng nham th\u1ea1ch d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t. Trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng, n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ea7m gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed trong s\u0103m \u00f4 t\u00f4, gi\u00fap cho t\u1ea7ng nham th\u1ea1ch ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ee1 \u00e1p su\u1ea5t m\u1ea1nh tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t. N\u1ebfu n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ea7m b\u1ecb h\u00fat b\u1edbt","th\u00ec t\u1ea7ng nham th\u1ea1ch gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 s\u0103m \u00f4t\u00f4 b\u1ecb x\u00ec h\u01a1i, c\u1ed9ng th\u00eam s\u1ef1 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac l\u00e0m cho t\u1ea7ng nham th\u1ea1ch d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n b\u1ecb s\u1ee5t xu\u1ed1ng. Ngo\u00e0i nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n khai th\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ea7m qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c th\u00ec tr\u1ecdng t\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh, s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ed9ng do \u00f4 t\u00f4 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb kh\u00e1c g\u00e2y ra, \u0111\u00e0o gi\u1ebfng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u1ea7m d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t \u1edf m\u1ed9t m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u0169ng g\u00e2y cho m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t b\u1ecb l\u00fan. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n v\u1ecf Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t c\u0169ng v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u00e2ng l\u00ean hay h\u1ea1 xu\u1ed1ng, nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 l\u00ean xu\u1ed1ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e1y bi\u1ec3n c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n l\u00e0m cho m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t b\u1ecb l\u00fan xu\u1ed1ng. M\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t b\u1ecb l\u00fan l\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 h\u1ea1i. L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t b\u1ecb l\u00fan \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i l\u1edbn trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u00e0y nay . T \u1eeb kho\u00e1: M\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t b\u1ecb l\u00fan. 139. S\u00f4ng Ho\u00e0ng H\u00e0 b\u00f9n c\u00e1t","nhi\u1ec1u nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh xanh trong \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4ng? Ho\u00e0ng H\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 c\u00e1i n\u00f4i c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh Trung Qu\u1ed1c bu\u1ed5i b\u00ecnh minh. N\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi Trung Qu\u1ed1c, nh\u01b0ng v\u1ec1 sau c\u0169ng \u0111em l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u tai ho\u1ea1 cho nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n hai b\u00ean b\u1edd. Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0m cho s\u00f4ng Ho\u00e0ng H\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh tai ho\u1ea1 l\u00e0 c\u00e1t. Ho\u00e0ng H\u00e0 l\u00e0 s\u00f4ng ch\u1edf nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1t nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n H\u00e0 Nam, S\u01a1n \u0110\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng truy\u1ec1n mi\u1ec7ng nhau c\u00e2u n\u00f3i \\\"m\u1ed9t b\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc Ho\u00e0ng H\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1eeda b\u00e1t c\u00e1t\\\". \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 \u0111\u00fang nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 c\u00e1t c\u1ee7a s\u00f4ng Ho\u00e0ng H\u00e0. Tr\u1ea1m thu\u1ef7 v\u0103n huy\u1ec7n Ho\u00e0i Nam m\u1ea5y n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea: h\u1eb1ng n\u0103m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u00f9n c\u00e1t s\u00f4ng Ho\u00e0ng H\u00e0 ch\u1edf xu\u1ed1ng h\u1ea1 l\u01b0u","l\u00e0 1,6 t\u1ec9 t\u1ea5n, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 n\u1ebfu d\u00f9ng xe t\u1ea3i b\u1ed1n t\u1ea5n m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y ch\u1edf 1,1 tri\u1ec7u chuy\u1ebfn xe th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i li\u00ean t\u1ee5c ch\u1edf m\u1ed9t n\u0103m m\u1edbi h\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. H\u1eb1ng n\u0103m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u00f9n c\u00e1t s\u00f4ng Ho\u00e0ng H\u00e0 t\u1ea3i nhi\u1ec1u nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf khi\u1ebfn cho l\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng v\u00f9ng h\u1ea1 du ng\u00e0y m\u1ed9t n\u00e2ng cao, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng m\u1eb7t n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f4ng cao h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00f9ng chung quanh, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng n\u1ed5i tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t. M\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n m\u00f9a m\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn, n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f4ng d\u00e2ng l\u00ean, n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u0169 tr\u00e0n ra ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 \u0111\u00ea, ng\u1eadp ch\u00ecm c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn. V\u1eady v\u00ec sao b\u00f9n c\u00e1t s\u00f4ng Ho\u00e0ng H\u00e0 l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf? Mu\u1ed1n tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0y, ta ph\u1ea3i xem b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3. Nguy\u00ean s\u00f4ng Ho\u00e0ng H\u00e0 sau khi ch\u1ea3y qua t\u1ec9nh Thanh H\u1ea3i th\u00ec \u0111i v\u00e0o cao nguy\u00ean Ho\u00e0ng th\u1ed5. \u0110\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecf cung c\u1ea5p b\u00f9n c\u00e1t cho d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng. V\u00ec tr\u00ean cao nguy\u00ean Ho\u00e0ng th\u1ed5 l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecf r\u1ea5t d\u00e0y, ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u01a1i x\u1ed1p, c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 d\u00e0y h\u01a1n 100 m, b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ea3m c\u00e2y b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7, n\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00f9a m\u01b0a d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng n\u01b0\u1edbc qu\u00e9t, nhi\u1ec1u b\u00f9n c\u00e1t tr\u00f4i v\u00e0o d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng. Cao nguy\u00ean Ho\u00e0ng th\u1ed5 l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu g\u00e2y n\u00ean b\u00f9n c\u00e1t c\u1ee7a s\u00f4ng Ho\u00e0ng H\u00e0. Trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00f9ng cao nguy\u00ean n\u00e0y tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1nh r\u1eebng r\u1eadm r\u1ea1p, c\u00e2y c\u1ecf ph\u00ec nhi\u00eau, h\u1ed3i \u0111\u00f3 b\u00f9n c\u00e1t trong n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f4ng \u00edt. C\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y kho\u1ea3ng 1.000 n\u0103m nh\u1eefng c\u00e1nh r\u1eebng n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i, g\u00e2y cho","\u0111\u1ea5t c\u00e1t b\u1ecb cu\u1ed1n tr\u00f4i r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u. T\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu, \u0111\u01b0a ra bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng th\u00ec b\u00f9n c\u00e1t s\u00f4ng Ho\u00e0ng H\u00e0 s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3m th\u1ea5p, \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t. Ng\u00e0y nay nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n v\u00f9ng cao nguy\u00ean Ho\u00e0ng th\u1ed5 v\u00e0 hai b\u1edd s\u00f4ng Ho\u00e0ng H\u00e0 \u0111ang t\u00edch c\u1ef1c kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e2y v\u00e0 th\u1ea3m c\u1ecf, n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f4ng Ho\u00e0ng H\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ebd c\u00f3 ng\u00e0y xanh trong tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i. T \u1eeb kho\u00e1: B\u00f9n c\u00e1t Ho\u00e0ng H\u00e0; \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc cu\u1ed1n tr\u00f4i 140. Th\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ebft: \u201cN\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ea3y ch\u1ed7 tr\u0169ng\u201d. N\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ean l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1ea3y t\u1eeb n\u01a1i cao xu\u1ed1ng n\u01a1i th\u1ea5p. \u0110\u1ecba th\u1ebf c\u00e0ng d\u1ed1c, n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ea3y xu\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e0ng nhanh. T\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecba th\u1ebf cao th\u1ea5p r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t, \u0111\u1ecba th\u1ebf c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n ngo\u1eb7t bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i, d\u00f2ng n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t t\u1eeb tr\u00ean cao xu\u1ed1ng, h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh n\u00ean th\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc.","Trong s\u1ed1 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1eefng d\u00e3y n\u00fai, d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc. Trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng Qu\u00fd Ch\u00e2u Ho\u00e0ng Qu\u1ea3 Th\u1ee5, v\u1edbi kh\u1ed1i n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1edbn ch\u1ea3y xu\u1ed1ng t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed9 cao 75 m, d\u00f2ng n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ea3y xu\u1ed1ng nhanh, xi\u1ebft b\u1eafn tung th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng b\u1ecdt s\u00f3ng tr\u1eafng x\u00f3a, l\u00e0m th\u00e0nh b\u1ee5i n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00f9, ph\u00e1t ra nh\u1eefng \u00e2m thanh vang tai, th\u1eadt l\u00e0 tr\u00e1ng l\u1ec7! \u1ede L\u01b0 S\u01a1n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc, th\u1ebf h\u00f9ng v\u0129 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng th\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 s\u1edbm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ca t\u1ee5ng b\u1edfi c\u00e1c thi nh\u00e2n qua nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi k\u1ef3. \u0110\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean th\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 n\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh bi\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec3n cao th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ed1c. V\u1eady th\u00ec, ch\u00fang c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng g\u00ec trong vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0y ?","Do chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a v\u1ecf Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t, v\u1ecf Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng v\u1ebft r\u1ea1n n\u1ee9t, hai b\u00ean c\u1ee7a v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t l\u1ea1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i g\u1ed3 gh\u1ec1 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c v\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1 r\u1ea5t d\u1ed1c, d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng ch\u1ea3y qua \u0111\u00e2y, t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean s\u1ebd ch\u1ea3y xi\u1ebft xu\u1ed1ng, h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh th\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc. Sau khi n\u00fai l\u1eeda phun tr\u00e0o, ph\u1ea7n mi\u1ec7ng n\u00fai l\u1eeda c\u00f2n l\u01b0u l\u1ea1i tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh n\u00fai, n\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 t\u00edch t\u1ee5 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh h\u1ed3, n\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ed3 tr\u00e0n ra, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh n\u00ean th\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc. H\u1ed3 n\u01b0\u1edbc Thi\u00ean S\u01a1n B\u1ea1ch \u0110\u1ea7u ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh theo c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y. Nham th\u1ea1ch phun ra t\u1eeb n\u00fai l\u1eeda, ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 do \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t x\u1ea3y ra n\u00fai l\u1edf, g\u00e2y t\u1eafc ngh\u1ebdn c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng, t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c \u0111\u00ea \u0111\u1eadp t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, th\u1ebf n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u00e2ng cao, d\u00f2ng n\u01b0\u1edbc phun tr\u00e0o, c\u0169ng s\u1ebd h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh n\u00ean th\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, l\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c con s\u00f4ng, do c\u00e1c nham th\u1ea1ch h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh n\u00ean n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nhau, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 x\u00f3i m\u00f2n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nhau. Nham th\u1ea1ch c\u1ee9ng th\u00ec kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng x\u00f3i m\u00f2n t\u1ed1t; nham th\u1ea1ch m\u1ec1m th\u00ec d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb x\u00f3i m\u00f2n. Do \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m cho \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh \u1edf \u0111\u00e1y s\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 cao th\u1ea5p kh\u00e1c nhau, \u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh n\u00ean th\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc."]
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