10 Van Cau Hoi Vi Sao - Trai dat - Nguyen Van Mau

["T\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i c\u00f3 c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng b\u0103ng, do s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 b\u00e0o m\u00f2n, \u0111\u00e3 l\u01b0u l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c khe b\u0103ng h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef U c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00f4ng s\u00e2u kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nhau, sau n\u00e0y b\u1ecb c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng chi\u1ebfm gi\u1eef, d\u00f2ng n\u01b0\u1edbc li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp ch\u1ea3y qua c\u00e1c khe b\u0103ng h\u00e0 n\u01a1i c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00f4ng s\u00e2u, l\u00e0m xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n th\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc. B\u1edd \u1edf khu v\u1ef1c c\u00e1c con s\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5 ra bi\u1ec3n, th\u01b0\u1eddng do nh\u1eefng con s\u00f3ng m\u1ea1nh t\u1ea1t v\u00e0o b\u1edd, khi\u1ebfn cho b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n \u201cl\u00f9i v\u00e0o\u201d, d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng \u201cr\u00fat ng\u1eafn\u201d. N\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 h\u1ecfng v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 nhanh, \u0111\u00e1y s\u00f4ng v\u1ed1n cao h\u01a1n m\u1ef1c n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n s\u1ebd \u201cg\u1eafn\u201d tr\u00ean b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n, khu v\u1ef1c m\u00e0 s\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5 ra bi\u1ec3n s\u1ebd h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh n\u00ean th\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc. Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng ch\u00ecm d\u01b0\u1edbi nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 mu\u1ed9i nham th\u1ea1ch, n\u01a1i c\u00f3 d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng ch\u00ecm ch\u1ea3y qua, n\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ecba th\u1ebf cao th\u1ea5p bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1ed1c t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, ho\u1eb7c s\u00f4ng ch\u00ecm ch\u1ea3y t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ec9nh d\u1ed1c n\u00fai, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady s\u1ebd h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh n\u00ean th\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e0ng h\u00f9ng v\u0129 h\u01a1n. T \u1eeb kho\u00e1: Th\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc.","141. V\u00ec sao m\u00e0u n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u01a1i s\u00f4ng v\u00e0 bi\u1ec3n giao nhau l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t? C\u01b0 d\u00e2n \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1eaft c\u00e1 d\u1ecdc theo b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n Trung Qu\u1ed1c th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 m\u00e0u n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft v\u1ecb tr\u00ed di chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 v\u00f9ng c\u1eeda s\u00f4ng, m\u00e0u n\u01b0\u1edbc thay \u0111\u1ed5i r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t. Ranh gi\u1edbi r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a m\u00e0u n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 l\u00fac quay quanh s\u00f4ng, c\u00f3 l\u00fac theo h\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a s\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u01a1n xa ra bi\u1ec3n. T\u1ea1i sao h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh n\u00ean hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y? \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 khi n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3ng b\u0103ng, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u01b0\u1eddng cao h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f4ng, l\u1ea1i ch\u1ee9a m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng mu\u1ed1i nh\u1ecf, c\u00f3 t\u1ef7 tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n, v\u00ec th\u1ebf khi n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f4ng ch\u1ea3y ra bi\u1ec3n, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 d\u1ea7u n\u1ed5i tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t n\u01b0\u1edbc, th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ed5i l\u01b0u \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n. N\u1ebfu d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f4ng r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn, b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t che ph\u1ee7 s\u1ebd r\u1ea5t r\u1ed9ng. Con s\u00f4ng Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Giang c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c, sau khi ch\u1ea3y ra bi\u1ec3n, thu\u1eadn theo h\u01b0\u1edbng","\u0110\u00f4ng B\u1eafc ch\u1ea3y th\u1eb3ng theo h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ea3o Jeju Tri\u1ec1u Ti\u00ean. B\u1edfi v\u00ec trong n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 tr\u1ea7m t\u00edch\u2026 m\u00e0u s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng m\u00e0u s\u1eafc xung quanh n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n, cho n\u00ean xung quanh b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t bao ph\u1ee7, th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh ranh gi\u1edbi m\u00e0u n\u01b0\u1edbc r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t. Nh\u01b0ng do hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ee7y tri\u1ec1u \u1edf khu v\u1ef1c c\u1eeda s\u00f4ng r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, v\u00ec th\u1ebf ranh gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y t\u00f9y theo s\u1ef1 l\u00ean xu\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a th\u1ee7y tri\u1ec1u c\u0169ng s\u1ebd bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. C\u01b0 d\u00e2n \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1eaft c\u00e1 men theo b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n Trung Qu\u1ed1c th\u01b0\u1eddng sinh s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ean bi\u1ec3n, quen thu\u1ed9c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed ranh gi\u1edbi m\u00e0u n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u00f9a, khi ra bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u00e1nh c\u00e1, th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00e0u n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1edf c\u00e1c m\u00f9a kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb tr\u00ed di chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1eaft c\u00e1. T \u1eeb kho\u00e1: Gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n m\u00e0u n\u01b0\u1edbc. 142. V\u00ec sao n\u01a1i m\u00e0 c\u00e1c con s\u00f4ng l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ed5 ra bi\u1ec3n th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 V\u00f9ng ch\u00e2u th\u1ed5?","Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft, t\u00f4i s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0a ra cho c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n m\u1ed9t con s\u1ed1: m\u1ed7i n\u0103m tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 16 t\u1ef7 m3 ph\u00f9 sa \u1edf c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5 ra bi\u1ec3n. C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c con s\u00f4ng mang ph\u00f9 sa ra bi\u1ec3n, nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1t nh\u1ecf x\u00edu n\u00e0y tr\u00f4i l\u01a1 l\u1eedng trong n\u01b0\u1edbc, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 tinh b\u1ed9t l\u01a1 l\u1eedng trong n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u01a1m v\u1eady, n\u00f3 di chuy\u1ec3n theo d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc; h\u1ea1t to th\u00ec men theo b\u1edd s\u00f4ng tr\u00f4i xu\u1ed1ng h\u1ea1 l\u01b0u. Nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1t ph\u00f9 sa tr\u00f4i theo d\u00f2ng n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb th\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u01b0u xu\u1ed1ng h\u1ea1 l\u01b0u, do l\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng \u1edf khu v\u1ef1c h\u1ea1 l\u01b0u ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng, n\u00ean t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng ch\u1eadm l\u1ea1i, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n th\u1ea5p, do v\u1eady l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00f9 sa kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng t\u00edch t\u1ee5; khi c\u00e1c con s\u00f4ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ed5 ra bi\u1ec3n, d\u00f2ng n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ed9t nhi\u00ean gi\u1ea3m, l\u1ea1i th\u00eam vi\u1ec7c n\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ed3 th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ed5 v\u00e0o, c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f4ng, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 trong n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n c\u00f3 ho\u00e0 tan r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ion c\u00f3 t\u00ednh \u0111i\u1ec7n ly m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a natri clorua (mu\u1ed1i \u0103n), n\u00f3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ra m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn ion, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn cho c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t ph\u00f9 sa tr\u00f4i l\u01a1 l\u1eedng trong n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1eafng xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e1y. L\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00f9 sa t\u00edch t\u1ee5 ng\u00e0y m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ec1u, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng s\u1ebd l\u1ed9 ra kh\u1ecfi m\u1eb7t n\u01b0\u1edbc, n\u00ean d\u00f2ng n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea3y v\u00f2ng qua hai c\u1ea1nh b\u00ean c\u1ee7a b\u00e3i \u0111\u1ea5t. Ph\u1ea7n ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi m\u1eb7t n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a b\u00e3i \u0111\u1ea5t th\u00ec ch\u1ecbu s\u1ef1 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng n\u01b0\u1edbc, kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng b\u1ecb","n\u01b0\u1edbc x\u00e2m th\u1ef1c, th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh ch\u00f3p, trong khi m\u1eb7t sau c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00ec t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1edbn, do \u0111\u00f3 b\u00e3i bi\u1ec3n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh \u201c\u201d. M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean cho n\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u201cV\u00f9ng ch\u00e2u th\u1ed5\u201d. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng b\u00e3i \u0111\u1ea5t do \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nhau, cho n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft s\u1ebd l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh \u201c\u201d. Tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 con s\u00f4ng l\u1edbn nh\u01b0 s\u00f4ng Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Giang, Ho\u00e0ng H\u00e0, s\u00f4ng Mississippi, s\u00f4ng Volga, s\u00f4ng H\u1eb1ng, s\u00f4ng Nile\u2026 \u1ede khu v\u1ef1c c\u1eeda s\u00f4ng n\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed5 ra bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 v\u00f9ng ch\u00e2u th\u1ed5 v\u1edbi di\u1ec7n t\u00edch r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn.","Nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u1eeda s\u00f4ng n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ed5 n\u01b0\u1edbc ra bi\u1ec3n kh\u00f4ng h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u00f9ng ch\u00e2u th\u1ed5. C\u1eeda s\u00f4ng Ti\u1ec1n \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u00f9ng ch\u00e2u th\u1ed5, b\u1edfi v\u00ec l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00f9 sa c\u00f3 trong n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f4ng Ti\u1ec1n \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00e1 \u00edt \u1ecfi, h\u01a1n n\u1eefa c\u1eeda s\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh ph\u1ec5u, r\u1ea5t r\u1ed9ng. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f2n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee3t thu\u1ef7 tri\u1ec1u m\u1ea1nh, c\u1eeda s\u00f4ng h\u00ecnh ph\u1ec5u c\u00f2n ch\u1ecbu t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c d\u1eddi non l\u1ea5p bi\u1ec3n, s\u1ee9c b\u00e0o m\u00f2n l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a thu\u1ef7 tri\u1ec1u, khi\u1ebfn cho ph\u00f9 sa kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00edch t\u1ee5 l\u1ea1i. D\u00f9 v\u1eady nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u1ea1t ph\u00f9 sa may m\u1eafn c\u00f2n s\u00f3t l\u1ea1i, t\u00edch t\u1ee5 \u1edf c\u1eeda s\u00f4ng Ti\u1ec1n \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng kh\u00f3 m\u00e0 t\u0103ng cao, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea9n d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1eb7t n\u01b0\u1edbc h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t tr\u0169ng. Cho n\u00ean c\u1eeda s\u00f4ng Ti\u1ec1n \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u00f9ng ch\u00e2u th\u1ed5. Nhi\u1ec1u khu v\u1ef1c \u1edf gi\u1eefa s\u00f4ng Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Giang v\u00e0 Ho\u00e0ng H\u00e0, \u0111\u00f4i khi \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u1eadm, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ph\u00f9 sa t\u00edch t\u1ee5 l\u1ea1i t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea5t b\u1ed3i. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i v\u1eadt c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y, l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1t s\u1ecfi s\u1ebd l\u1eafng xu\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi, h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh b\u00e3i \u0111\u1ea5t, sau khi b\u00e3i \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh, d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng b\u1ecb c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf, v\u00ec v\u1eady ph\u00f9 sa t\u00edch t\u1ee5 l\u1ea1i ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u, khi\u1ebfn cho b\u00e3i \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00e0ng t\u00edch t\u1ee5 c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn; vi\u1ec7c b\u00e3i \u0111\u1ea5t l\u1edbn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh do s\u1ef1 b\u1ed3i \u0111\u1eafp v\u00e0 li\u00ean k\u1ebft gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng b\u00e3i \u0111\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf v\u1edbi nhau c\u0169ng","\u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf khu v\u1ef1c gi\u1eefa s\u00f4ng Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Giang v\u1edbi Ho\u00e0ng H\u00e0. L\u00fac m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7u, ch\u1ec9 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n khi n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea1n, tr\u1ea3i qua nhi\u1ec1u di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn trong th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i, n\u00f3 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ea5n ch\u00ecm h\u00e0ng n\u0103m. Nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 do d\u00f2ng n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0m x\u00f3i m\u00f2n m\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t, s\u1ef1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y \u1edf n\u01a1i n\u00e0y c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a v\u1ecf Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t. T \u1eeb kho\u00e1: V\u00f9ng ch\u00e2u th\u1ed5. 143. V\u00ec sao khu v\u1ef1c trung h\u1ea1 l\u01b0u s\u00f4ng Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Giang c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ao h\u1ed3? Khu v\u1ef1c trung h\u1ea1 l\u01b0u s\u00f4ng Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Giang, \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai m\u00e0u m\u1ee1, nhi\u1ec1u ao h\u1ed3, theo th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea ch\u01b0a ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh, t\u1ed5ng di\u1ec7n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ea5t tr\u0169ng h\u1ed3 ao \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi h\u01a1n 20000 km2, t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi 10% di\u1ec7n t\u00edch khu v\u1ef1c trung h\u1ea1 l\u01b0u s\u00f4ng Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Giang. C\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c t\u1ec9nh H\u1ed3 B\u1eafc c\u00f3 h\u01a1n 1500 h\u1ed3, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh t\u1ec9nh c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ao h\u1ed3 nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t Trung Qu\u1ed1c.","V\u00ec sao khu v\u1ef1c trung h\u1ea1 l\u01b0u s\u00f4ng Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Giang l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ao h\u1ed3 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady? V\u1ed1n d\u0129 \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng trung du s\u00f4ng Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Giang g\u1eafn v\u1edbi giai \u0111o\u1ea1n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t, l\u00e0 khu v\u1ef1c x\u1ea3y ra chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ea1 th\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a v\u1ecf Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t, \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t tr\u0169ng l\u1edbn, ng\u00e0y tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f2n xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng h\u1ed3 ao c\u00f3 quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn h\u01a1n b\u00e2y gi\u1edd r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u. Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00f3 con s\u00f4ng l\u1edbn n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng t\u00ean l\u00e0 V\u00e2n M\u1ed9ng, ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 \u1edf khu v\u1ef1c gi\u00e1p gi\u1edbi v\u1edbi t\u1ec9nh H\u1ed3 B\u1eafc v\u00e0 t\u1ec9nh H\u1ed3 Nam. Sau n\u00e0y, do con s\u00f4ng mang l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00f9 sa d\u1ed3i d\u00e0o, gi\u00fap \u0111\u00e1y h\u1ed3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e2ng cao, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u1ea7n l\u1ed9 ra kh\u1ecfi m\u1eb7t n\u01b0\u1edbc, nh\u1eefng h\u1ed3 l\u1edbn ban \u0111\u1ea7u cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u0169ng b\u1ecb chia c\u1eaft th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng h\u1ed3 ao t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i nh\u1ecf. Con s\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 mang l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00f9 sa d\u1ed3i d\u00e0o, khi n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u0169 tr\u00e0n ng\u1eadp, \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai \u1edf hai b\u00ean b\u1edd con s\u00f4ng c\u0169ng t\u00edch lu\u1ef9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00f9 sa, do \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y m\u1ecfng c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp ph\u00f9 sa l\u1eafng \u0111\u1ecdng trong c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nhau, b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t kh\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng ph\u1eb3ng. Khi n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u0169 r\u00fat, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed7 l\u00f5m n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u01b0a tho\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ebd l\u1ed9 ra, t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh ao h\u1ed3. Trong c\u01a1n l\u0169 d\u1eef th\u1eddi c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i, c\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u00edt h\u1ed3 ao \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. N\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec1u bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p nh\u01b0 ph\u00e2n l\u0169,","tr\u1eeb l\u0169\u2026 \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1ed1ng ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n l\u0169 l\u1ee5t th\u00ec d\u00f9 cho n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u0169 tr\u00e0n kh\u1eafp, t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00f9 sa t\u00edch t\u1ee5 sinh ra trong ao h\u1ed3 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t huy \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u1ede nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecba th\u1ebf kh\u00e1 th\u1ea5p, s\u1ef1 x\u00f3i m\u00f2n c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m ph\u00e1 h\u1ecfng b\u1edd s\u00f4ng. Do nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng n\u00e0y m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed3i \u0111\u1eafp b\u1edfi ph\u00f9 sa t\u00edch t\u1ee5 l\u1ea1i m\u00e0 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh, h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea5t t\u01a1i x\u1ed1p n\u00ean s\u1ef1 t\u00e0n ph\u00e1 x\u1ea3y ra c\u0169ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i nhanh, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn \u1edf hai b\u00ean b\u1edd s\u00f4ng, do b\u1ecb t\u00e0n ph\u00e1 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady m\u00e0 l\u00f5m v\u00e0o. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn kh\u00e1c, bao g\u1ed3m s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn b\u1edd \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi b\u1edd b\u1ecb l\u00f5m v\u00e0o, do t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00f2ng n\u01b0\u1edbc g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u1eadm ph\u00f9 sa trong n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00edch t\u1ee5 l\u1ea1i \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea1i l\u00e0m cho b\u1edd s\u00f4ng nh\u00f4 ra, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u00f4ng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng ngo\u1eb1n ngo\u00e8o, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 s\u00f4ng Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Giang \u1edf khu v\u1ef1c gi\u00e1p gi\u1edbi gi\u1eefa t\u1ec9nh H\u1ed3 B\u1eafc v\u00e0 t\u1ec9nh H\u1ed3 Nam, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ed7 cong g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 hai b\u00ean b\u1edd ch\u1ea1m v\u00e0o nhau, t\u1eeb mi\u1ec7ng h\u1ed3 sen \u0111\u1ebfn Th\u00e0nh Linh C\u01a1, kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eb3ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 87 km, nh\u01b0ng chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf l\u00e0 240 km. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y, c\u00f3 l\u00fac d\u00f2ng n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ecb u\u1ed1n cong h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u00f4ng m\u1edbi, n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0o \u0111o\u1ea1n s\u00f4ng v\u1ed1n b\u1ecb u\u1ed1n cong, \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh h\u1ed3 h\u00ecnh cung. V\u00f9ng trung du s\u00f4ng Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Giang c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 s\u00f4ng Kinh Giang,","trong kho\u1ea3ng t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1884 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1947 \u0111\u00e3 ba l\u1ea7n di\u1ec5n ra hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng u\u1ed1n th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u00f4ng. T\u1eeb n\u0103m 1952 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1953, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e2n l\u0169 Kinh Giang, nh\u1eb1m gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i do n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u0169 g\u00e2y ra. \u1ede khu v\u1ef1c h\u1ea1 l\u01b0u s\u00f4ng Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Giang, nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ch\u00ednh h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh n\u00ean ao h\u1ed3, c\u0169ng l\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00f9 sa m\u00e0u m\u1ee1 do c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng mang l\u1ea1i, th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp ph\u00f9 sa n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t huy trong c\u00e1c bi\u1ec3n l\u1edbn th\u1eddi c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng h\u1ed3 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng nh\u01b0 T\u00e2y H\u1ed3, Th\u00e1i H\u1ed3, n\u00f3 v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a bi\u1ec3n, sau n\u00e0y do l\u1edbp ph\u00f9 sa t\u00edch t\u1ee5 \u1edf ven bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u00e3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t b\u1ed3i Sa B\u00e1, ch\u00fang d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n c\u1eaft \u0111\u1ee9t v\u1edbi bi\u1ec3n, v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t b\u1ed3i Sa B\u00e1 c\u00e0ng t\u00edch t\u1ee5 c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u th\u00eam, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1i l\u1ee5c r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn, ch\u00fang c\u0169ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh h\u1ed3 n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt. Vai tr\u00f2 l\u1ea5p bi\u1ec3n v\u1eabn c\u00f2n ti\u1ebfp di\u1ec5n cho \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m nay, nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ao h\u1ed3 n\u00e0y, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 quan s\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. T \u1eeb kho\u00e1: H\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh ao h\u1ed3.","144. V\u00ec sao tr\u00ean cao nguy\u00ean v\u00e0 n\u00fai cao c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ao h\u1ed3? S\u00f4ng h\u1ed3 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 nhi\u1ec1u \u1edf \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng, tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 cao nguy\u00ean, n\u00fai cao c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ao h\u1ed3. Cao nguy\u00ean Thanh T\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 cao nguy\u00ean l\u1edbn v\u00e0 cao nh\u1ea5t Trung Qu\u1ed1c, tr\u00ean cao nguy\u00ean nh\u1ea5p nh\u00f4 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng d\u00e3y n\u00fai \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 cao 4000-5000 m\u00e9t so v\u1edbi m\u1eb7t n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n, tr\u00ean \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 t\u1edbi h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn s\u00f4ng h\u1ed3 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 d\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c, di\u1ec7n t\u00edch h\u1ed3 ao theo th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea l\u00e0 30974 km2, \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh chi\u1ebfm 37,2% t\u1ed5ng di\u1ec7n t\u00edch h\u1ed3 ao c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c. Ngo\u00e0i ra v\u1eabn c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 s\u00f4ng h\u1ed3 nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t hoang s\u01a1 c\u1ee7a cao nguy\u00ean N\u1ed9i M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5, h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh nh\u00f3m ao h\u1ed3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c c\u1ed3n c\u00e1t cu\u1ed3n cu\u1ed9n; tr\u00ean cao nguy\u00ean V\u00e2n Qu\u00fd \u0111\u00e1 v\u00f4i ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 r\u1ed9ng kh\u1eafp, c\u00e0ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1eefng \u201ccao nguy\u00ean minh ch\u00e2u\u201d nh\u01b0 \u0110i\u1ec1n Tr\u00ec, Nh\u0129 H\u1ea3i. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t h\u01a1n l\u00e0 tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh n\u00fai cao c\u0169ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i ao h\u1ed3 nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ec9nh n\u00fai B\u1ea1ch \u0110\u1ea7u cao 2200 m so v\u1edbi m\u1ef1c n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a t\u1ec9nh C\u00e1t L\u00e2m Trung Qu\u1ed1c thu\u1ed9c khu v\u1ef1c bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi Trung Tri\u1ec1u, c\u00f3","\u201ch\u1ed3 tr\u1eddi\u201d v\u1edbi di\u1ec7n t\u00edch 9,3 km2, s\u00e2u 373 m. V\u00ec sao \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i cao nh\u01b0 v\u1eady m\u00e0 v\u1eabn c\u00f3 ao h\u1ed3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n? Trong h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, ao h\u1ed3 th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t tr\u0169ng b\u1ecb l\u00fan xu\u1ed1ng, l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng v\u1ebft t\u00edch hao m\u00f2n c\u1ee7a s\u00f4ng b\u0103ng. Ao h\u1ed3 tr\u00ean cao nguy\u00ean Thanh T\u1ea1ng ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a v\u1ecf Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00f5m xu\u1ed1ng, l\u1ea1i th\u00eam s\u1ef1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a s\u00f4ng b\u0103ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh. Trong th\u1eddi k\u00ec \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 IV c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y kho\u1ea3ng 2-3 tri\u1ec7u n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, tr\u00ean cao nguy\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng","c\u00f3 v\u00e0i l\u1ea7n s\u00f4ng b\u0103ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. S\u00f4ng b\u0103ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc c\u00e0y s\u1eaft, \u0111\u00e0o kho\u00e9t tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t th\u00e0nh v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t tr\u0169ng \u0111\u1ecdng n\u01b0\u1edbc; m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ao h\u1ed3 l\u1ea1i do nh\u1eefng t\u1ea3ng b\u0103ng l\u1ea5p k\u00edn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u00f4ng h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh n\u00ean. V\u1ec1 sau, th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft chuy\u1ec3n \u1ea5m, b\u0103ng tan, v\u1eady l\u00e0 b\u0103ng tuy\u1ebft tan th\u00e0nh n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0o v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t tr\u0169ng, h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u ao h\u1ed3 nh\u01b0 b\u00e2y gi\u1edd. \u1ede cao nguy\u00ean N\u1ed9i M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn s\u00f4ng h\u1ed3 do kh\u00ed h\u1eadu kh\u00f4, s\u1ee9c gi\u00f3 l\u1edbn, \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00e1t c\u1ee7a b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t t\u01a1i x\u1ed1p g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i l\u1ef1c gi\u00f3 th\u1ed5i m\u1ea1nh, d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n l\u00fan s\u00e2u xu\u1ed1ng t\u1edbi m\u1ef1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ea7m m\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh n\u00ean. Ao h\u1ed3 \u1edf cao nguy\u00ean V\u00e2n Qu\u00fd ngo\u00e0i s\u1ef1 l\u00f5m xu\u1ed1ng t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh, s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 do \u0111\u00e1 v\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u1ea9m n\u00f3ng, l\u00e2u ng\u00e0y b\u1ecb hao m\u00f2n ho\u00e0 tan m\u00e0 th\u00e0nh. Ao h\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng cao nguy\u00ean r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn th\u01b0\u1eddng do \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u00f4ng t\u00edch t\u1ee5 nhi\u1ec1u nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n khi\u1ebfn n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea3y xu\u1ed1ng, t\u1eadp trung th\u00e0nh h\u1ed3. C\u00f2n nh\u01b0 h\u1ed3 tr\u1eddi c\u1ee7a n\u00fai B\u1ea1ch \u0110\u1ea7u, trong th\u1eddi k\u00ec l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t mi\u1ec7ng n\u00fai l\u1eeda \u0111\u00e3 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n phun tr\u00e0o nham th\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00e0n v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n xung quanh mi\u1ec7ng n\u00fai l\u1eeda, t\u00edch t\u1ee5 l\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t tr\u0169ng d\u1ea1ng ph\u1ec5u, sau l\u1ea7n cu\u1ed1i phun tr\u00e0o v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1702, mi\u1ec7ng n\u00fai l\u1eeda t\u00edch n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1edbi tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh h\u1ed3. Ngo\u00e0i ra, tr\u00ean n\u00fai Thi\u00ean S\u01a1n T\u00e2n C\u01b0\u01a1ng, Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u0169ng c\u00f3 \u201ch\u1ed3 tr\u1eddi\u201d, nh\u01b0ng nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3","kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 n\u00fai l\u1eeda m\u00e0 do s\u00f4ng b\u0103ng t\u00edch t\u1ee5 ch\u1eb7n khe s\u00f4ng h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh n\u00ean. T \u1eeb kho\u00e1: Ao h\u1ed3 tr\u00ean cao nguy\u00ean. 145. V\u00ec sao l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 h\u1ed3 n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt, h\u1ed3 n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7n? N\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i dung m\u00f4i. Trong c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i dung d\u1ecbch n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec1u h\u00e0m ch\u1ee9a m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n mu\u1ed1i (kho\u00e1ng ch\u1ea5t). Ch\u00fang ta g\u1ecdi n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e0 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng mu\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfm 0,3% l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt. L\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ee3 khi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng mu\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfm 0,3~2,47%, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7n khi n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1edf h\u1ed3 c\u00f3 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng mu\u1ed1i v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 2,47%. V\u1eady th\u00ec, t\u1ea1i sao l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 h\u1ed3 n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt, h\u1ed3 n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7n? Tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn n\u01b0\u1edbc trong ao h\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 do n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5 v\u00e0o. C\u00e1c d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u01b0u th\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 h\u00f2a tan m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n th\u1ed5 nh\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u00e0 nham th\u1ea1ch \u1edf khu v\u1ef1c m\u00e0 n\u00f3 \u0111i qua, ngo\u00e0i ra m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng mu\u1ed1i c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i trong c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ea7m khi","c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng chay qua \u0111\u1ea5y. Khi c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng ch\u1ea3y qua ao h\u1ed3 l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i cho ao h\u1ed3 m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng mu\u1ed1i. N\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 n\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ed3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ch\u1ea3y qua ch\u1ed7 kh\u00e1c th\u00ec l\u01b0\u1ee3ng mu\u1ed1i c\u0169ng theo \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 ch\u1ea3y theo. T\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng h\u1ed3 m\u00e0 d\u00f2ng n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ea3y c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i th\u00ec l\u01b0\u1ee3ng mu\u1ed1i r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1eadp trung \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. L\u1ea5y hai h\u1ed3 l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t Trung Qu\u1ed1c l\u00e0 h\u1ed3 Ph\u1ed3n D\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 h\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ed9ng \u0110\u00ecnh l\u00e0m v\u00ed d\u1ee5, r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u con s\u00f4ng l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a t\u1ec9nh Giang T\u00e2y v\u00e0 H\u1ed3 Nam \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1ea3y qua hai h\u1ed3 n\u00e0y r\u1ed3i cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a hai h\u1ed3 n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed5 v\u1ec1 s\u00f4ng Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Giang. Do \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c h\u1ed3 l\u1edbn nh\u01b0 h\u1ed3 Ph\u1ed3n D\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0110\u1ed9ng \u0110\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 h\u1ed3 n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ao h\u1ed3 c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i nh\u01b0ng do kh\u00ed h\u1eadu kh\u00f4, khi\u1ebfn n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ed1c h\u01a1i v\u00e0 l\u00e0m ti\u00eau hao m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3, h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng mu\u1ed1i th\u00ec c\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng cao, n\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ed3 th\u00ec c\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng m\u1eb7n, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh n\u00ean h\u1ed3 n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7n. T\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng cao nguy\u00ean l\u1edbn v\u00e0 v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ecba \u0111\u1edbi hoang m\u1ea1c, do m\u1ef1c n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea5p, b\u1ed1c h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ea1i m\u1ea1nh, \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng ph\u1eb3ng, tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng th\u00ec h\u1ed3 n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7n th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i nhi\u1ec1u, nh\u1eefng h\u1ed3 n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7n nh\u01b0 Tr\u00e0 Ca hay h\u1ed3 S\u00e1t Nh\u0129 H\u00e3n \u1edf trong khu v\u1ef1c b\u1ed3n \u0111\u1ecba S\u00e0i \u0110\u1ea1t M\u1ed9c thu\u1ed9c t\u1ec9nh Thanh H\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u1ed3 n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7n n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f2n c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi","cho r\u1eb1ng h\u1ed3 n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7n trong ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a bi\u1ec3n. Sau khi n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n r\u00fat, t\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng tr\u0169ng th\u1ea5p c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u l\u1ea1i n\u00ean h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh h\u1ed3 nh\u01b0 ng\u00e0y nay. Do \u0111\u00f3 n\u01b0\u1edbc trong h\u1ed3 c\u00f2n gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng mu\u1ed1i r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn. L\u1ea1i c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho r\u1eb1ng, h\u1ed3 n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7n l\u00e0 do k\u1ebft tinh c\u1ee7a nham th\u1ea1ch trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh phong h\u00f3a. T\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh do c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n mu\u1ed1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00f3ng ra ho\u1eb7c do m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng mu\u1ed1i trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u00edch t\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ch n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ea7m th\u1eddi c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i sau khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e3 h\u00f2a v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ed3. N\u01b0\u1edbc trong h\u1ed3 n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7n m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 u\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c nhau. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i mu\u1ed1i nh\u01b0: mu\u1ed1i \u0103n, mu\u1ed1i magi\u00ea, l\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh, mu\u1ed1i kali, th\u1ea1ch cao, \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p quan tr\u1ecdng. C\u00f2n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ao h\u1ed3, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 h\u1ed3 Ba Nh\u0129 Ca Th\u1eadp, n\u1eeda b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn ph\u00eda t\u00e2y c\u1ee7a h\u1ed3 l\u00e0 h\u1ed3 n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt, n\u1eeda ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng l\u00e0 h\u1ed3 n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7n. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1 kh\u00f4ng? Tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a h\u1ed3 Ba Nh\u0129 Ca Th\u1eadp n\u1eb1m \u1edf khu v\u1ef1c Trung \u00c1, h\u1ed3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n","ch\u1ea3y qua, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tho\u00e1t ra ngo\u00e0i. T\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00ed h\u1eadu r\u1ea5t kh\u00f4 h\u1ea1n, h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ed1c m\u1ea1nh khi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3ng mu\u1ed1i l\u01b0u l\u1ea1i trong h\u1ed3 c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n, cho n\u00ean n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a h\u1ed3 c\u00f3 v\u1ecb m\u1eb7n. Nh\u01b0ng \u1edf n\u1eeda h\u1ed3 ph\u00eda t\u00e2y c\u00f3 s\u00f4ng Y L\u00ea ch\u1ea3y qua, s\u00f4ng Y L\u00ea ch\u1ea3y t\u1eeb khu v\u1ef1c T\u1ef1 S\u01a1n, mang l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng t\u1ea3ng b\u0103ng tuy\u1ebft b\u1ecb tan ch\u1ea3y, do \u0111\u00f3 h\u00f2a tan \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt \u1edf n\u1eeda ph\u00eda t\u00e2y c\u1ee7a h\u1ed3 Ba Nh\u0129 Ca Th\u1eadp, cho n\u00ean h\u1ed3 ph\u00eda t\u00e2y l\u00e0 h\u1ed3 n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt. N\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 dung m\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u01b0u \u0111\u1ed9ng, v\u1eady t\u1ea1i sao trong m\u1ed9t h\u1ed3, \u1edf ph\u00eda t\u00e2y n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt m\u00e0 \u1edf ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ea1i m\u1eb7n? Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y tr\u00ean b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 h\u00ecnh d\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ed3 Ba Nh\u0129 Ca Th\u1eadp d\u00e0i v\u00e0 h\u1eb9p, ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng v\u01b0\u01a1n d\u00e0i h\u01a1n 60 v\u1ea1n m\u00e9t, nh\u01b0ng \u1edf ph\u00eda nam ch\u1ec9 h\u1eb9p h\u01a1n kho\u1ea3ng 8~70 v\u1ea1n m\u00e9t, \u1edf gi\u1eefa l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 h\u01b0\u1edbng gi\u1ed1ng h\u00ecnh con chim h\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00ean ph\u00eda b\u1eafc, g\u00e2y tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i cho vi\u1ec7c l\u01b0u th\u00f4ng n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1edf h\u1ed3 ph\u00eda t\u00e2y. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi h\u1ed3 c\u0169ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i n\u00f4ng, b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n ch\u1ed7 s\u00e2u nh\u1ea5t c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 6 m, m\u00e0 th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u00f3ng b\u0103ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ed3 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i 5 th\u00e1ng\/n\u0103m, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho vi\u1ec7c l\u01b0u th\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ed3 ph\u00eda t\u00e2y, v\u00ec th\u1ebf h\u1ed3 ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1eb7n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh h\u1ed3 n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt nh\u01b0 \u1edf h\u1ed3 ph\u00eda t\u00e2y.","T \u1eeb kho\u00e1: H\u1ed3 n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt. 146. V\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea7m l\u1ea7y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? Ph\u00eda T\u00e2y T\u1ee9 Xuy\u00ean Trung Qu\u1ed1c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng th\u1ea3o nguy\u00ean r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn, c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u b\u00e8o, t\u1eadp trung v\u1edbi m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1edbn ph\u00eda d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u1edbp b\u00e8o th\u1ed1i r\u1eefa l\u00e0 l\u1eafng c\u1eb7n v\u00e0 b\u00f9n \u0111en, b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t r\u1ea5t nh\u00e3o, \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7m l\u1ea7y. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia, H\u1ed3ng qu\u00e2n Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea7m l\u1ea7y n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i qu\u00e2n Nh\u1eadt. C\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh l\u00ean v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea7m l\u1ea7y. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean ch\u00fang ta t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u00ec sao ao h\u1ed3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea7m l\u1ea7y?","","\u1ede khu v\u1ef1c c\u00f3 kh\u00ed h\u1eadu \u1ea9m \u01b0\u1edbt, n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f4ng mang theo b\u00f9n c\u00e1t ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0o ao h\u1ed3, l\u00e0m cho m\u1eb7t n\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1ed9ng ra v\u00e0 d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y ch\u1eadm l\u1ea1i, b\u00f9n c\u00e1t d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1y h\u1ed3 t\u00edch t\u1ee5 l\u1ea1i, h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh ch\u1ed7 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea1n. B\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf b\u00e9, theo d\u00f2ng n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00f4i n\u1ed5i v\u00e0o khu v\u1ef1c h\u1ed3, l\u1eafng \u0111\u1ecdng xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e1y. Tr\u1ea3i qua th\u1eddi gian, s\u1ebd l\u00e0m h\u1ed3 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng c\u1ea1n \u0111i, m\u00e0 t\u00f9y theo m\u1ef1c n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f4ng c\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1ee7a ao h\u1ed3, c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt th\u1ee7y sinh ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng sinh s\u00f4i n\u1ea3y n\u1edf. \u1ede khu v\u1ef1c c\u1ea1n n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00ean h\u1ed3, b\u00e8o v\u00e0 c\u00f3i m\u1ecdc l\u00ean, \u1edf khu v\u1ef1c n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00e2u c\u1ee7a ao h\u1ed3 th\u00ec b\u00e8o, hoa s\u00fang sinh s\u00f4i n\u1ea3y n\u1edf, c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i t\u1ea3o m\u1ecdc tr\u00e0n lan. S\u1ed1 th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 ch\u1ebft \u0111i, m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn x\u00e1c c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt th\u1ed1i h\u1ecfng kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng t\u00edch t\u1ee5 d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1y h\u1ed3, d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh than b\u00f9n. Theo \u0111\u00e0, b\u00f9n d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n c\u1ea1n d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1y h\u1ed3 l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt m\u1edbi xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n, v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1eeb xung quanh h\u1ed3 v\u00e0o gi\u1eefa h\u1ed3, ao h\u1ed3 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng nh\u1ecf l\u1ea1i, ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng c\u1ea1n \u0111i. \u0110\u1ebfn l\u00fac l\u1eafng c\u1eb7n trong ao h\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 m\u1eb7t n\u01b0\u1edbc ao h\u1ed3 r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn nh\u01b0 v\u1eady nh\u01b0ng s\u1ebd bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea7m l\u1ea7y c\u1ea1n n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 l\u00e0 n\u01a1i b\u00e8o t\u1eadp trung sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng. Ngo\u00e0i nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ea7m l\u1ea7y do ao h\u1ed3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh, v\u1eabn c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y:","Tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e1y b\u00ecnh nguy\u00ean ven b\u1edd s\u00f4ng ng\u00f2i, n\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f4ng c\u1ea1n t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y ch\u1eadm, b\u00e8o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng m\u00e0 l\u00e2u ng\u00e0y t\u00edch t\u1ee5 th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea7m l\u1ea7y. \u1ede v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p ven bi\u1ec3n, s\u00f3ng bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u00e1nh v\u00e0o b\u1edd, mang theo c\u1ecf d\u1ea1i, c\u00f3i t\u1ee5 t\u1eadp sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea7m l\u1ea7y mu\u1ed1i. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 khu v\u1ef1c cao nguy\u00ean, n\u00fai cao, v\u00e0o m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t t\u00edch t\u1ee5 b\u0103ng tuy\u1ebft, \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00f9a xu\u00e2n, m\u00f9a h\u1ea1 b\u0103ng tuy\u1ebft tan ch\u1ea3y, m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t t\u00edch t\u1ee5 n\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u1ecf ng\u1eafn v\u00e0 rong r\u00eau chen nhau m\u1ecdc l\u00ean, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh h\u1ed3 n\u01b0\u1edbc ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ea7m l\u1ea7y. Trong r\u1eebng r\u1eadm, c\u00e0nh c\u00e2y kh\u00f4 v\u00e0 l\u00e1 c\u00e2y r\u01a1i xu\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng t\u00edch l\u0169y, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1eafp cho m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp ch\u0103n r\u1ea5t d\u00e0y, n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng t\u00edch tr\u1eef m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u01b0a l\u1edbn m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u s\u1ef1 b\u1ed1c h\u01a1i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t, duy tr\u00ec tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u1ea9m \u01b0\u1edbt c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t. Do ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh cacbon h\u00f3a, \u0111\u1ea1i b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng trong \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb \u1ea9m \u01b0\u1edbt khi\u1ebfn cho c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i c\u00e2y c\u1ecf ch\u1ebft \u0111i, v\u00e0 thay th\u1ebf v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i r\u00eau um t\u00f9m. R\u00eau thu\u1ed9c lo\u00e0i th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gi\u1eef m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn n\u01b0\u1edbc, l\u00e0m ch\u1eadm qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y, than b\u00f9n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u00edch t\u1ee5 th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed1ng, d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n","h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea7m l\u1ea7y. \u1ede Trung Qu\u1ed1c trong c\u00e1c khu r\u1eebng r\u1eadm c\u1ee7a d\u00e3y n\u00fai H\u01b0ng An, \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1eadn m\u1eaft nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ea7m l\u1ea7y h\u00f3a. \u1ede m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m \u01b0\u1edbt cao, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i c\u1ecf sinh s\u00f4i n\u1ea3y n\u1edf, h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh n\u00ean m\u1ed9t t\u1ea7ng c\u1ecf d\u00e0y, l\u00e0m bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng th\u00f4ng kh\u00ed c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t, ph\u1ea7n cacbon d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng. V\u1ed1n d\u0129 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 xu th\u1ebf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u00e0i th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n ch\u1ebft \u0111i, sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 c\u1ecf g\u1ea5u, r\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc. Nh\u1eefng lo\u00e0i th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt n\u00e0y th\u00edch nghi v\u1edbi kh\u00ed h\u1eadu \u1ea9m \u01b0\u1edbt, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u00edch n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ed1t, do \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e0ng gia t\u0103ng t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng \u1ea9m \u01b0\u1edbt, khi\u1ebfn cho t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea7m l\u1ea7y h\u00f3a c\u00e0ng di\u1ec5n ra nhanh ch\u00f3ng. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn th\u1ea3o nguy\u00ean ph\u00eda t\u00e2y T\u1ee9 Xuy\u00ean Trung Qu\u1ed1c ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng khu r\u1eebng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. T \u1eeb kho\u00e1: Th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt th\u1ee7y sinh; V\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea7m l\u1ea7y. 147. V\u00ec sao gi\u1ebfng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 l\u00fac c\u1ea1n n\u01b0\u1edbc? Gi\u1ebfng t\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 n\u01b0\u1edbc. \u1ea4y l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec7n r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed7i b\u00ecnh","th\u01b0\u1eddng. \u1ede khu v\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp gi\u00e1p v\u1edbi m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t, th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1 v\u1ee5n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ed3n t\u00edch l\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1eefng khe r\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ec3 n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ng\u1ea5m xu\u1ed1ng. Khi t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, do kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ng\u1ea5m qua t\u1ea7ng \u0111\u00e1 m\u1eb9, n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ebd t\u1eadp trung tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t. N\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t ngay tr\u00ean t\u1ea7ng \u0111\u00e1 m\u1eb9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ea7m. N\u01b0\u1edbc trong nh\u1eefng gi\u1ebfng \u0111\u00e0o \u1ea5y ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ea7m. N\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ea7m c\u0169ng c\u00f3 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t n\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u r\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c so v\u1edbi b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t. Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eb3ng ph\u1eb3ng nh\u01b0 n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t, n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ea7m t\u00f9y v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh cao th\u1ea5p m\u00e0 c\u0169ng nh\u1ea5p nh\u00f4 theo. Khi \u0111\u00e0o s\u00e2u xu\u1ed1ng l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea5t, g\u1eb7p m\u1ea1ch n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ea7m, l\u00fac n\u00e0y ch\u00fang ta m\u1edbi c\u00f3 gi\u1ebfng n\u01b0\u1edbc. Do ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ea5m xu\u1ed1ng, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng tr\u1eef n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 kh\u00ed h\u1eadu, n\u00ean n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ea7m \u1edf m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh, m\u00e3i m\u00e3i c\u00f3 n\u01b0\u1edbc. V\u00e0o m\u00f9a m\u01b0a, n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t phong ph\u00fa, n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ea7m c\u0169ng d\u00e2ng cao; m\u00f9a c\u1ea1n, n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t c\u0169ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean hi\u1ebfm hoi, n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ea7m c\u0169ng v\u00ec th\u1ebf m\u00e0 \u00edt \u0111i. M\u1ed9t n\u0103m th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng thay","\u0111\u1ed5i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, khi \u0111\u00e0o gi\u1ebfng s\u00e2u t\u1edbi m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ea7m phong ph\u00fa ngay c\u1ea3 v\u00e0o m\u00f9a c\u1ea1n th\u00ec gi\u1ebfng s\u1ebd quanh n\u0103m c\u00f3 n\u01b0\u1edbc. Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu \u0111\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 s\u00e2u, s\u1ebd c\u00f3 l\u00fac m\u1ea1ch n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ecb kh\u00f4 c\u1ea1n (\u0111\u1ea1c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 v\u00e0o m\u00f9a kh\u00f4). Nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 l\u00fac g\u1eb7p t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng th\u1ebf n\u00e0y: cho d\u00f9 l\u00e0 gi\u1ebfng \u0111\u00e3 s\u00e2u t\u1edbi m\u1ea1ch quanh n\u0103m c\u00f3 n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00ec v\u1eabn c\u00f3 l\u00fac gi\u1ebfng b\u1ecb kh\u00f4 c\u1ea1n. \u0110\u00e2y th\u01b0\u1eddng do nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m kh\u00f4 c\u1ea1n, n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t trong c\u1ea3 th\u1eddi k\u00ec d\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed5 sung, khi\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c n\u01b0\u1edbc trong m\u1ea1ch n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ea7m th\u1ea5p, v\u00ec th\u1ebf m\u00e0 gi\u1ebfng c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u201ckh\u00f4\u201d. Ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t d\u00f9 sao th\u00ec c\u0169ng c\u00f3 h\u1ea1n. Vi\u1ec7c khai th\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ea7m qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c, \u0111\u00e0o qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u gi\u1ebfng c\u0169ng khi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc trong gi\u1ebfng hi\u1ec7n nay \u00edt \u0111i r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u. T \u1eeb kho\u00e1: M\u1ea1ch n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ea7m, gi\u1ebfng kh\u00f4. 148. Sao su\u1ed1i n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 phun \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c?","\u0110\u00e0i phun n\u01b0\u1edbc trong c\u00f4ng vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 phun n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 nh\u1edd c\u00f4ng s\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1o n\u00ean. Trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u su\u1ed1i n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 phun c\u1ed9t h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc ho\u1eb7c c\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3ng cao t\u1edbi c\u1ea3 ch\u1ee5c m\u00e9t. M\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n su\u1ed1i n\u01b0\u1edbc phun \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e3ng th\u1eddi gian ngh\u1ec9, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian ng\u01b0ng phun. Kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian cho m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n ng\u01b0ng phun c\u0169ng c\u00f3 quy lu\u1eadt, c\u00f3 l\u00fac ch\u1ec9 ng\u01b0ng v\u00e0i ph\u00fat, c\u00f3 l\u00fac v\u00e0i ng\u00e0y, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f3 l\u00fac ng\u01b0ng v\u00e0i th\u00e1ng r\u1ed3i m\u1edbi l\u1ea1i phun. Aix\u01a1len, Th\u1ed5 Nh\u0129 K\u1ef3, Cana\u0111a\u2026 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 su\u1ed1i n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3ng n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.","C\u00f9ng l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ea7m d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea5t, nh\u01b0ng s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh n\u00e0o l\u00e0m n\u01b0\u1edbc phun l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c? \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 do \u00e1p l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc. Do ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng s\u1ee9c n\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a nham th\u1ea1ch n\u1eb1m s\u00e2u trong l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea5t, t\u1ea7ng n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ea7m d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n t\u0103ng t\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00f4i ho\u1eb7c cao h\u01a1n. \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng","d\u1eabn t\u1eeb t\u1ea7ng n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ea7m l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t n\u1ebfu d\u00e0i v\u00e0 h\u1eb9p, s\u1ebd khi\u1ebfn cho n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3ng ph\u00eda d\u01b0\u1edbi v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ea1nh ph\u00eda tr\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i l\u01b0u, v\u00e0 h\u01a1i s\u1ebd b\u1ed1c l\u00ean. C\u0169ng c\u00f3 l\u00fac, v\u00ec ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu \u00e1p l\u1ef1c qu\u00e1 l\u1edbn, n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ecdng tr\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec3m s\u00f4i \u0111\u1ed9t nhi\u00ean bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc. Khi h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ed1c l\u00ean th\u00ec \u00e1p l\u1ef1c \u1edf d\u01b0\u1edbi b\u1ecb gi\u1ea3m, khi\u1ebfn c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh h\u01a1i. H\u01a1i c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u, \u00e1p l\u1ef1c c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn, \u0111\u1ebfn khi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u0169ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean t\u1eafc ngh\u1ebdn, v\u1eady l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c phun l\u00ean. V\u1eady t\u1ea1i sao su\u1ed1i n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3ng l\u00fac phun l\u00fac ng\u01b0ng? V\u00ec sau m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n phun, m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tho\u00e1t ra, s\u1ed1 h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i trong kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc c\u0169ng gi\u1ea3m \u0111i \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang b\u1ecb t\u1eafc trong \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u01b0u th\u00f4ng b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng. \u0110\u1ebfn khi h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ea1i b\u1ecb d\u1ed3n \u1ee9 l\u1ea1i, n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00fac n\u00e0y m\u1edbi l\u1ea1i phun l\u00ean. \u0110\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 b\u00ed m\u1eadt v\u00ec sao su\u1ed1i n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3ng l\u1ea1i l\u00fac phun l\u00fac ngh\u1ec9? Su\u1ed1i n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u1edf nh\u1eefng khu v\u1ef1c c\u00f3 n\u00fai l\u1eeda. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch su\u1ed1i n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3ng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1eeb d\u00f2ng nham t\u01b0\u01a1ng. C\u0169ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i su\u1ed1i n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3ng ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 \u1edf nh\u1eefng khu v\u1ef1c nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m nay kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng","c\u1ee7a n\u00fai l\u1eeda, nh\u01b0ng r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u1eb1m s\u00e2u d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea5t l\u00e0 d\u00f2ng nham t\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1eabn th\u1ea7m l\u1eb7ng ch\u1ea3y. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta cho r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a su\u1ed1i n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3ng c\u00f3 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n s\u00e2u xa t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u1edf s\u00e2u trong l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea5t. T \u1eeb kho\u00e1: Th\u1eddi gian ng\u01b0ng phun; H\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea5t 149. Th\u1ea1ch L\u00e2m \u1edf V\u00e2n Nam, Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? Ph\u00eda nam t\u1ec9nh V\u00e2n Nam l\u00e0 v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t L\u1ed9 Nam v\u1edbi khu r\u1eebng \u0111\u00e1 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng tuy\u1ec7t m\u1ef9. C\u00e1c h\u00f2n \u0111\u00e1 v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee7 h\u00ecnh th\u00f9 k\u00ec qu\u00e1i, thi\u00ean bi\u1ebfn v\u1ea1n h\u00f3a, c\u00f3 n\u00fai h\u00ecnh c\u00e2y s\u00e1o, b\u00fap m\u0103ng, c\u00f3 n\u00fai l\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh thi\u1ebfu n\u1eef nghe n\u00f3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebfu n\u1eef xinh \u0111\u1eb9p d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Di trong truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft\u2026 c\u00f3 n\u00fai n\u00e0o gi\u1ed1ng n\u00fai n\u00e0o? \u0110i\u1ec1u th\u00fa v\u1ecb l\u00e0, nh\u1eefng c\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e1 \u0111\u1ee9ng s\u1eebng s\u1eefng, k\u00edn m\u00edt nh\u01b0 r\u1eebng \u1ea5y l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 cao t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u. Th\u00eam v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng n\u00e9t kh\u1eafc hoa v\u0103n","nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kho\u00e1c tr\u00ean m\u00ecnh chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o ch\u1ebdn hoa. Th\u1ea1ch L\u00e2m l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh khu \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn h\u00f3a qua h\u00e0ng t\u1ef7 n\u0103m. Do k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh n\u01a1i n\u00e0y l\u00e0 mi\u1ec1n n\u00fai \u0111\u00e1 v\u00f4i, sau nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00e2ng l\u00ean h\u1ea1 xu\u1ed1ng, t\u1ea1o ra h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c khe n\u1ee9t ngang d\u1ecdc. S\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng khe n\u1ee9t n\u00e0y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd m\u1eabu t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a khu r\u1eebng \u0111\u00e1 Th\u1ea1ch L\u00e2m. Hi\u1ec7n nay, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u00fai \u0111\u00e1 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh theo \u201cb\u1ea3n v\u1ebd\u201d \u1ea5y c\u1ee7a t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. V\u1eady ai \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp khu r\u1eebng \u0111\u00e1 n\u00e0y theo b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd \u0111\u00f3? Ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc. V\u1eabn b\u1ea3o c\u1ee9ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e1, m\u1ec1m m\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e0 sao n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh gh\u00ea g\u1edbm \u1ea5y nh\u1ec9? Ch\u00ednh b\u1edfi n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 lu\u1ed3n v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng khe n\u1ee9t, d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n \u0103n m\u00f2n hai b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00e1 v\u00f4i, t\u1ea1o n\u00ean nh\u1eefng nh\u0169 \u0111\u00e1 h\u01b0\u1edbng xu\u1ed1ng m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t m\u1ed7i l\u00fac m\u1ed9t to h\u01a1n, d\u00e0i h\u01a1n. C\u1ee9 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i \u201ch\u1ed1 s\u1ee5t\u201d l\u00f5m xu\u1ed1ng hay c\u00e1i \u201cr\u0103ng \u0111\u00e1\u201d ch\u1ed3i l\u00ean, bi\u1ebfn v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t v\u1ed1n b\u1eb1ng ph\u1eb3ng th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng r\u1eebng \u0111\u00e1 l\u1edfm ch\u1edfm, \u0111\u1eb9p tuy\u1ec7t m\u1ef9 nh\u01b0 Th\u1ea1ch L\u00e2m. Ngo\u00e0i Th\u1ea1ch L\u00e2m c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c, tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u00f2n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u khu v\u1ef1c nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi, c\u00f3 k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e1 v\u00f4i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng khe n\u1ee9t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng \u0111\u1eb7c","bi\u1ec7t. \u1ede Vi\u1ec7t Nam, V\u01b0\u1eddn Qu\u1ed1c gia Phong Nha - K\u1ebb B\u1ea3ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh do nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t x\u1ea3y ra trong l\u00f2ng d\u00e3y n\u00fai \u0111\u00e1 v\u00f4i c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ea3 tr\u0103m tri\u1ec7u n\u0103m. V\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u1ebd, V\u01b0\u1eddn Qu\u1ed1c gia Phong Nha - K\u1ebb B\u1ea3ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng m\u1eabu h\u00ecnh ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb9p nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn t\u1ea1o carxt\u01a1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1. T \u1eeb kho\u00e1: \u0110\u00e1 v\u00f4i, Th\u1ea1ch L\u00e2m. 150. Hang \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? Ai \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n \u0111i th\u0103m nh\u1eefng hang \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 \u1edf V\u1ecbnh H\u1ea1 Long hay Phong Nha-K\u1ebb B\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 qu\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng c\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e1, m\u0103ng \u0111\u00e1, nh\u0169 \u0111\u00e1 mu\u00f4n h\u00ecnh v\u1ea1n tr\u1ea1ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 qu\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ngo\u1eb1n ngh\u00e8o, u\u1ed1n kh\u00fac, th\u00e2m u v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u huy\u1ec1n b\u00ed. V\u1eady nh\u1eefng hang \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1eb9p nh\u01b0 m\u01a1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? Tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta cho r\u1eb1ng, nh\u1eefng hang \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u00e2m th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 l\u1eafng xu\u1ed1ng","c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc. C\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o hang \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1 v\u00f4i, r\u1ea5t ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn, nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec b\u1ecb ng\u00e2m l\u00e2u ng\u00e0y trong n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 h\u00f2a tan m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ee9a trong \u0111\u00e1 n\u00e0y. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 khi trong n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ee9a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n cacbonic (m\u01b0a axit), qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00f2a tan tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u00e1 s\u1ebd di\u1ec5n ra nhanh h\u01a1n. C\u1ee9 th\u1ebf, h\u1ebft n\u0103m n\u00e0y qua n\u0103m kh\u00e1c, t\u1ea7ng \u0111\u00e1 v\u00f4i ki\u00ean c\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ecb b\u00e0o m\u00f2n th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng. V\u00e0 r\u1ed3i, khi canxi cacbonnat h\u00f2a tan trong n\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed9ng, do s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 \u00e1p su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, cacbonic b\u1ecb t\u00e1ch ra kh\u1ecfi n\u01b0\u1edbc, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u00f2a tan canxi gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng, canxi l\u1eafng xu\u1ed1ng theo d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y. C\u1ee9 th\u1ebf, l\u00e2u d\u1ea7n, t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh c\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e1, m\u0103ng \u0111\u00e1, nh\u0169 \u0111\u00e1 v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng k\u00ec th\u00fa. Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc Trung Qu\u1ed1c xem x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i. Qua 5 n\u0103m quan s\u00e1t, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 hang \u0111\u1ed9ng, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc Trung Qu\u1ed1c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra r\u1eb1ng, s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a hang \u0111\u1ed9ng li\u00ean quan m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft t\u1edbi sinh v\u1eadt t\u1ea3o, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t l\u00fd lu\u1eadn m\u1edbi v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh hanh \u0111\u1ed9ng - h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft ki\u1ebfn t\u1ea1o sinh v\u1eadt. H\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft ki\u1ebfn t\u1ea1o sinh v\u1eadt cho r\u1eb1ng, t\u1ea3o l\u00e0 sinh v\u1eadt xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n s\u1edbm nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t, l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt b\u1eadc th\u1ea5p c\u00f2n ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i cho \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eadn ng\u00e0y nay. T\u1ea3o","l\u00e0 sinh v\u1eadt t\u1ef1 d\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m quang h\u1ee3p. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a t\u1ea3o s\u1ebd ti\u1ebft ra cacbonnat canxi, thu th\u1eadp, k\u1ebft d\u00ednh nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1t canxi li ti. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, do s\u1ed1ng th\u00e0nh qu\u1ea7n th\u1ec3, r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u lo\u00e0i t\u1ea3o h\u1ebft \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y sang \u0111\u1eddi kh\u00e1c s\u1ed1ng chung v\u1edbi nhau, h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u san h\u00f4. H\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng nh\u0169 \u0111\u00e1 trong \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u00e0 d\u1ef1a theo \u0111\u1ed9 ti\u1ebfp s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e1, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n tr\u00f9ng kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a t\u1ea3o. C\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o b\u00ean trong c\u1ee7a nh\u0169 \u0111\u00e1, m\u0103ng \u0111\u00e1 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u00f2ng tr\u00f2n gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 v\u00e2n g\u1ed7 \u1edf th\u00e2n c\u00e2y. Ngo\u00e0i ra, \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 hang \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e1 v\u00f4i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f2n t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u00e0i sinh v\u1eadt t\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i; v\u00e0 \u1edf b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c hang \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eabn th\u1ea5y r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u sinh v\u1eadt t\u1ea3o. T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, theo h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft ki\u1ebfn t\u1ea1o sinh v\u1eadt, tuy s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c hang \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e1 v\u00f4i c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc, nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a nh\u0169 \u0111\u00e1, m\u0103ng \u0111\u00e1, c\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e1 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng trong hang th\u00ec l\u1ea1i li\u00ean quan ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu t\u1edbi sinh v\u1eadt t\u1ea3o trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ebfn t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u n\u0103m, ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00f3 d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch, c\u00e1c hang \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1edbi c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec7n m\u1ea1o k\u1ef3 th\u00fa nh\u01b0 ng\u00e0y nay . T \u1eeb kho\u00e1: Hang \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e1 v\u00f4i; Nh\u0169 \u0111\u00e1","151. V\u00ec sao trong \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e1 v\u00f4i, nh\u0169 \u0111\u00e1 th\u00ec ch\u1ea3y xu\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00f2n m\u0103ng \u0111\u00e1 l\u1ea1i m\u1ecdc h\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00ean tr\u00ean? B\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y nh\u0169 \u0111\u00e1 v\u00e0 m\u0103ng \u0111\u00e1 ch\u01b0a? B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1edbi Qu\u1ea3ng B\u00ecnh, th\u0103m Phong Nha-K\u1ebb B\u1ea3ng, \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u nh\u0169 \u0111\u00e1 v\u00e0 m\u0103ng \u0111\u00e1. Nh\u0169 \u0111\u00e1 v\u00e0 m\u0103ng \u0111\u00e1, m\u1ed9t nh\u01b0 b\u0103ng tuy\u1ebft m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng nh\u1ecf xu\u1ed1ng t\u1eeb m\u00e1i nh\u00e0, m\u1ed9t nh\u01b0 m\u0103ng tr\u00fac m\u00f9a xu\u00e2n nh\u00fa l\u00ean t\u1eeb m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t. Nh\u1eefng hang \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 nh\u0169 \u0111\u00e1 v\u00e0 m\u0103ng \u0111\u00e1 \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 hang \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e1 v\u00f4i. Tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh hang c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u khe n\u1ee9t, v\u00e0 t\u1eeb m\u1ed7i khe n\u1ee9t \u1ea5y, n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eebng gi\u1ecdt t\u1eebng gi\u1ecdt nh\u1ecf xu\u1ed1ng. Khi n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ed1c h\u01a1i h\u1ebft, c\u00f2n l\u1eafng l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 ch\u00fat canxi. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u00edch l\u0169y canxi l\u1eafng \u0111\u1ecdng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh nh\u0169 \u0111\u00e1 (c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u1ea1ch nh\u0169). \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 th\u1eddi k\u00ec \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a nh\u0169 \u0111\u00e1. V\u1ec1 sau, b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i nh\u0169 \u0111\u00e1 l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao ph\u1ee7 b\u1edfi t\u1ea7ng t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp l\u1edbp \u0111\u00e1 v\u00f4i, m\u1ed7i l\u00fac m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ec1u, m\u1ed7i l\u00fac m\u1ed9t d\u00e0i. Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed,","c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng nh\u0169 \u0111\u00e1 d\u00e0i t\u1edbi c\u1ea3 m\u1ea5y m\u00e9t. M\u0103ng \u0111\u00e1 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh th\u00e2n thi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a nh\u0169 \u0111\u00e1. Khi n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh hang nh\u1ecf xu\u1ed1ng, \u0111\u00e1 v\u00f4i c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch l\u0169y d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t. C\u1ee9 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, m\u0103ng \u0111\u00e1 v\u01b0\u01a1n cao, h\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00ean ph\u00eda nh\u0169 \u0111\u00e1. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i, nh\u0169 \u0111\u00e1 l\u00e0 \u201cti\u1ec1n b\u1ed1i\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cm\u0103ng \u0111\u00e1\u201d l\u00e0 \u201ch\u1eadu b\u1ed1i\u201d v\u1eady. V\u00ec ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfi t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea5t, di\u1ec7n t\u00edch b\u00e1m tr\u1ee5 l\u1edbn, v\u1eefng ch\u00e3i, kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb ng\u1eaft \u0111o\u1ea1n, n\u00ean m\u0103ng \u0111\u00e1 th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhanh g\u1ea5p m\u1ea5y l\u1ea7n nh\u0169 \u0111\u00e1. M\u0103ng \u0111\u00e1 cao nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 khi \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi 30 m, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e1p \u0111\u00e1, v\u1eefng ch\u00e3i \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t. Nh\u0169 \u0111\u00e1 v\u00e0 m\u0103ng \u0111\u00e1 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 khi ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi nhau, g\u1eafn k\u1ebft l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh c\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e1, hai \u0111\u1ea7u to th\u00f4, \u1edf gi\u1eefa l\u1ea1i m\u1ea3nh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft l\u1ea1i cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 ai \u0111\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ebdo n\u00ean th\u1ebf. Trong r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u hang \u0111\u00e1 v\u00f4i, nh\u0169 \u0111\u00e1 v\u00e0 m\u0103ng \u0111\u00e1","kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng li\u1ec1n k\u1ec1, li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi nhau. Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 nh\u0169 \u0111\u00e1 b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ee9t \u0111o\u1ea1n, \u0111\u00e1 v\u00f4i ch\u1eb7n d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc, n\u01b0\u1edbc bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i chuy\u1ec3n h\u01b0\u1edbng, v\u00ec th\u1ebf m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t nh\u0169 \u0111\u00e1 kh\u00e1c ra \u0111\u1eddi. C\u1ee9 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, nh\u0169 \u0111\u00e1 v\u00e0 m\u0103ng \u0111\u00e1 ch\u1ea3 bao gi\u1edd \u201cch\u1ea1m m\u1eb7t\u201d. N\u01b0\u1edbc d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea5t th\u1eadt gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ngh\u1ec7 s\u1ef9 \u0111i\u00eau kh\u1eafc t\u00e0i ba. Nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i qua, nh\u1eefng d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i, khi th\u00ec l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t khe su\u1ed1i, l\u00fac l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 hang \u0111\u1ed9ng, ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 nh\u0169 \u0111\u00e1, m\u0103ng \u0111\u00e1 v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u tuy\u1ec7t di\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3nh s\u1eafc thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng xinh \u0111\u1eb9p. T \u1eeb kho\u00e1: Nh\u0169 \u0111\u00e1; M\u0103ng \u0111\u00e1. 152. V\u00ec sao b\u0103ng tuy\u1ebft tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh n\u00fai quanh n\u0103m kh\u00f4ng tan? M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec9nh n\u00fai \u1edf mi\u1ec1n T\u00e2y Trung Qu\u1ed1c nh\u01b0 Li\u00ean S\u01a1n, Thi\u00ean S\u01a1n n\u00fai C\u00f4n L\u00f4n, Hymalaya th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 b\u0103ng tuy\u1ebft bao ph\u1ee7 gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i m\u0169 tr\u1eafng, d\u00f9 m\u00f9a h\u00e8 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng tan. \u1ede v\u00f9ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec9nh n\u00fai cao quanh n\u0103m th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea7y b\u0103ng","tuy\u1ebft, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u00ec tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh n\u00fai cao nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 r\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p, th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft r\u1ea5t l\u1ea1nh. V\u00ec sao tr\u00ean cao l\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t l\u1ea1nh? B\u1edfi v\u00ec n\u00fai c\u00e0ng cao, kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed c\u00e0ng lo\u00e3ng, nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u00e1nh n\u1eafng chi\u1ebfu xu\u1ed1ng d\u1ec5 th\u1ea5t t\u00e1n. C\u1ee9 cao 100 m, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ea1i gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng 0,6\u00b0C. V\u00ec v\u1eady \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9 cao nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi 0\u00b0C, b\u0103ng tuy\u1ebft quanh n\u0103m kh\u00f4ng tan \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u0110\u1ed9 cao gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n n\u00e0y g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tuy\u1ebft. C\u00e0ng g\u1ea7n hai c\u1ef1c Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t, v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tuy\u1ebft c\u00e0ng th\u1ea5p, b\u1edfi v\u00ec kh\u00ed h\u1eadu \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 v\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e3 r\u1ea5t l\u1ea1nh, c\u00f2n \u1edf v\u00f9ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tuy\u1ebft cao h\u01a1n. Sau khi tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh n\u00fai ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea7y b\u0103ng tuy\u1ebft, \u00e1nh n\u1eafng M\u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3, v\u00ec b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t b\u0103ng tuy\u1ebft ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 \u00e1nh n\u1eafng r\u1ea5t m\u1ea1nh, n\u00f3i chung c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 50% - 90% l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t, cho n\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ecb ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 \u0111i m\u1ea5t, khi\u1ebfn cho nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 gi\u1ea3m th\u1ea5p, b\u0103ng tuy\u1ebft kh\u00f3 tan. Cho n\u00ean \u1edf nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ec9nh n\u00fai v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tuy\u1ebft, quanh n\u0103m b\u0103ng t\u00edch t\u1ee5. \u0110\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 tuy\u1ebft th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean r\u01a1i xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f3, h\u01a1n n\u1eefa tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh n\u00fai c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 b\u00e3i ph\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00edch t\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tuy\u1ebft. V\u00ec v\u1eady th\u1eadt ra kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec9nh n\u00fai n\u00e0o","c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a tuy\u1ebft. Ngay nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ec9nh n\u00fai ch\u1ee9a tuy\u1ebft kia c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i quanh n\u0103m tuy\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng tan. Khi \u00e1nh n\u1eafng M\u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi chi\u1ebfu m\u1ea1nh s\u1ebd c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u00edt tuy\u1ebft tan \u0111i, m\u00f9a h\u00e8 tan nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n, sau \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e2u l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 tuy\u1ebft r\u01a1i b\u1ed5 sung. V\u00ec v\u1eady quanh n\u0103m v\u1eabn gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh s\u00f4ng b\u0103ng ch\u1ea3y xu\u1ed1ng. T\u1ee5c ng\u1eef c\u00f3 c\u00e2u: \\\"\u0110\u00f3ng b\u0103ng ba th\u01b0\u1edbc, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00e1i l\u1ea1nh m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y\\\". Nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i m\u0169 tr\u1eafng tr\u00ean c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec9nh n\u00fai cao h\u01a1n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tuy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 tuy\u1ebft tan ch\u1eadm m\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh. Khi tuy\u1ebft v\u1eeba m\u1edbi r\u01a1i xu\u1ed1ng n\u00f3 c\u00f2n x\u1ed1p v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ed7, \u0111\u1ebfn kho\u1ea3ng 40% - 50% l\u00e0 l\u1ed7 tr\u1ed1ng. Nh\u1eefng tuy\u1ebft \u1edf tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh n\u00fai cao h\u01a1n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tuy\u1ebft, ban ng\u00e0y \u00e1nh n\u1eafng chi\u1ebfu xu\u1ed1ng, tuy\u1ebft b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t tan d\u1ea7n, ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng khe r\u1ed7ng ph\u00eda d\u01b0\u1edbi, d\u1ed3n h\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed trong \u0111\u00f3 ra, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n c\u0169ng t\u1ef1 \u00e9p tuy\u1ebft xu\u1ed1ng. Ban \u0111\u00eam nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng, tuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 b\u0103ng ho\u00e0 v\u00e0o nhau l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t, trong b\u0103ng c\u00f3 tuy\u1ebft, trong tuy\u1ebft l\u1eabn b\u0103ng, \u0111\u00f4ng c\u1ee9ng r\u1ed3i l\u1ea1i tan ra cho n\u00ean c\u00e1c b\u00f4ng tuy\u1ebft bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh t\u1eebng h\u1ea1t b\u0103ng m\u1edd \u0111\u1ee5c. V\u1ec1 sau tr\u00ean c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t b\u0103ng n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i ph\u1ee7 th\u00eam m\u1ed9t","l\u1edbp tuy\u1ebft m\u1edbi, \u00e1p su\u1ea5t n\u00e9n xu\u1ed1ng c\u00e0ng ch\u1eb7t, c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 r\u1ed7ng c\u00e0ng \u00edt, n\u00ean l\u1edbp tuy\u1ebft m\u1ecfng d\u1ea7n. C\u1ee9 th\u1ebf th\u00f4ng qua \u0111\u00f3ng b\u0103ng v\u00e0 tan ch\u1ea3y kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh s\u00f4ng b\u0103ng c\u00f3 m\u00e0u xanh nh\u1ea1t. L\u00e2u ng\u00e0y, l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i t\u1eebng t\u1ea7ng b\u0103ng \u0111\u00e8 l\u00ean nhau, c\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e8 c\u00e0ng ch\u1eb7t, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh s\u00f4ng b\u0103ng ch\u1ea3y xu\u1ed1ng n\u00fai. Kh\u00ed h\u1eadu tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i. Khi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u gi\u1ea3m th\u1ea5p th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tuy\u1ebft c\u0169ng gi\u1ea3m th\u1ea5p, nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ec9nh n\u00fai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a tuy\u1ebft t\u0103ng l\u00ean, quy m\u00f4 s\u00f4ng b\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng. Khi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u t\u0103ng l\u00ean th\u00ec t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i. T \u1eeb kho\u00e1: \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng tuy\u1ebft. 153. V\u00ec sao b\u0103ng \u1edf Nam C\u1ef1c nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n B\u1eafc C\u1ef1c? Nam C\u1ef1c v\u00e0 B\u1eafc C\u1ef1c l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng l\u1ea1nh nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t. \u1ede \u0111\u00f3 quanh n\u0103m gi\u00f3 l\u1ea1nh th\u1ed5i \u00f9 \u00f9, \u0111\u1ea7y tr\u1eddi b\u0103ng tuy\u1ebft, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng b\u1ea1c. Nh\u01b0ng so s\u00e1nh hai v\u00f9ng n\u00e0y, kh\u00ed h\u1eadu Nam C\u1ef1c l\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n B\u1eafc C\u1ef1c, quanh n\u0103m s\u00f4ng b\u0103ng c\u0169ng nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n. \u1ede Nam","C\u1ef1c, b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1eb1ng n\u0103m -56\u00b0C, h\u01a1n n\u1eefa nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn -88,3\u00b0C, th\u00e1ng 7 l\u1ea1nh nh\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n -70\u00b0C \u0111\u1ebfn -20\u00b0C, th\u00e1ng gi\u00eang \u1ea5m nh\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n d\u01b0\u1edbi 0\u00b0C l\u00e0 v\u00f9ng l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba l\u1ea1nh nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. C\u00f2n \u1edf B\u1eafc C\u1ef1c l\u00e0 v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n, th\u00e1ng gi\u00eang l\u1ea1nh nh\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n -40\u00b0C \u0111\u1ebfn -20\u00b0C, th\u00e1ng 7 - 8 l\u00e0 m\u00f9a \u1ea5m nh\u1ea5t, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n d\u01b0\u1edbi 8\u00b0C. Th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Trung B\u1eafc B\u0103ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ea5m h\u01a1n xung quanh. Khu v\u1ef1c l\u1ea1nh nh\u1ea5t \u1edf Xib\u00eari c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 - 68\u00b0C. Theo kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t, \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp b\u0103ng \u1edf Nam C\u1ef1c l\u00e0 1700 m, ch\u1ed7 d\u00e0y nh\u1ea5t v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 4000 m, t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 t\u00edch s\u00f4ng b\u0103ng kho\u1ea3ng 28 tri\u1ec7u m3, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi b\u0103ng tuy\u1ebft, c\u00f2n \u1edf B\u1eafc C\u1ef1c di\u1ec7n t\u00edch s\u00f4ng b\u0103ng \u00edt h\u01a1n Nam C\u1ef1c r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u, n\u00f3i chung \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 t\u1eeb 2 - 4 m, t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 t\u00edch s\u00f4ng b\u0103ng ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn 1\/10 so v\u1edbi Nam C\u1ef1c. Nam C\u1ef1c v\u00e0 B\u1eafc C\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec1u \u1edf hai c\u1ef1c Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t, v\u0129 \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p nh\u01b0 nhau, th\u1eddi gian M\u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng r\u1ea5t ng\u1eafn v\u00e0 g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u1ed1ng nhau. V\u1eady v\u00ec sao b\u0103ng \u1edf Nam C\u1ef1c l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi B\u1eafc C\u1ef1c? \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u00ec \u1edf Nam C\u1ef1c c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn,","\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba th\u1ee9 7 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, di\u1ec7n t\u00edch kho\u1ea3ng 14 tri\u1ec7u km2. L\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ee9a nhi\u1ec7t kh\u00f4ng l\u1edbn, nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00f9a h\u00e8 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ecb b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 r\u1ea5t nhanh, cho n\u00ean b\u0103ng nhi\u1ec1u. S\u00f4ng b\u0103ng \u1edf v\u00f9ng l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba t\u1eeb tr\u00ean cao \u0111\u1ed5 ra b\u1ed1n ph\u00eda, \u1edf v\u00f9ng gi\u00e1p bi\u1ec3n g\u00e3y th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u m\u1ea3ng b\u0103ng l\u1edbn tr\u00f4i n\u1ed5i tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t bi\u1ec3n chung quanh l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba, h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng t\u1ea3ng b\u0103ng v\u00e0 n\u00fai b\u0103ng r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn. Khu v\u1ef1c B\u1eafc C\u1ef1c, B\u1eafc B\u0103ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng chi\u1ebfm di\u1ec7n t\u00edch r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn, kho\u1ea3ng 13,1 tri\u1ec7u km2, nhi\u1ec7t dung c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1edbn, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u, sau \u0111\u00f3 nh\u1ea3 nhi\u1ec7t ra d\u1ea7n, cho n\u00ean b\u0103ng \u1edf B\u1eafc C\u1ef1c r\u1ea5t \u00edt, h\u01a1n n\u1eefa ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn b\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec1u t\u00edch lu\u1ef9 tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o Gr\u01a1nlen (\u0110an M\u1ea1ch). C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n r\u1eb1ng t\u1ed5ng di\u1ec7n t\u00edch b\u0103ng ph\u1ee7 tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t g\u1ea7n 16 tri\u1ec7u km2, \u1edf Nam C\u1ef1c chi\u1ebfm tr\u00ean 4\/5. N\u1ebfu to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 b\u0103ng Nam C\u1ef1c tan ra th\u00ec m\u1ef1c n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi s\u1ebd d\u00e2ng cao kho\u1ea3ng 70 m. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 b\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt, cho d\u00f9 n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n m\u1eb7n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t khi k\u1ebft th\u00e0nh b\u0103ng c\u0169ng s\u1ebd bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt. B\u0103ng \u1edf Nam C\u1ef1c r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u, n\u00ean n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt c\u0169ng nhi\u1ec1u. Theo t\u00ednh to\u00e1n t\u1ed5ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt ch\u1ee9a \u1edf Nam C\u1ef1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi 200 l\u1ea7n to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt tr\u00ean s\u00f4ng h\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ch\u00e2u c\u1ed9ng l\u1ea1i. Ng\u00e0y nay c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi thi\u1ebfu ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt nh\u01b0 \u1ea3r\u1eadp X\u00eaut, M\u1ef9, Chil\u00ea\u2026 cho n\u00ean c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111ang nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u","t\u00ecm nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1edf b\u0103ng t\u1eeb Nam C\u1ef1c v\u1ec1 nh\u1eb1m gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft n\u1ea1n thi\u1ebfu n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 h\u1ea1n h\u00e1n c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3. T \u1eeb kho\u00e1: Nam C\u1ef1c; B\u1eafc C\u1ef1c. 154. V\u00ec sao h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh s\u00f4ng b\u0103ng v\u00e0 n\u00fai b\u0103ng? Tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u00f9ng n\u00fai v\u00e0 hai c\u1ef1c quanh n\u0103m \u0111\u1ec1u kho\u00e1c \u00e1o tr\u1eafng. \u1ede v\u00f9ng n\u00fai, v\u00ec \u0111\u1ecba th\u1ebf cao, kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed lo\u00e3ng, n\u00ean nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p, c\u00f2n \u1edf hai c\u1ef1c v\u00ec nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u00e1nh n\u1eafng M\u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 r\u1ea5t \u00edt cho n\u00ean kh\u00ed h\u1eadu quanh n\u0103m gi\u00e1 l\u1ea1nh. B\u1ed1n m\u00f9a \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3ng b\u0103ng. T\u1ed5ng c\u1ed9ng di\u1ec7n t\u00edch quanh n\u0103m b\u1ecb b\u0103ng bao ph\u1ee7 l\u00e0 16 tri\u1ec7u km2, tr\u00ean 90% l\u00e0 \u1edf hai v\u00f9ng c\u1ef1c. Nh\u1eefng b\u0103ng tuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng s\u00f4ng b\u0103ng. V\u00ec sao l\u1ea1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 s\u00f4ng b\u0103ng? \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u00ec m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 b\u0103ng r\u1ea5t r\u1eafn, nh\u01b0ng d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a tr\u1ecdng l\u1ef1c, n\u00f3 v\u1eabn ch\u1ea3y ch\u1eadm ch\u1ea1p t\u1eeb cao xu\u1ed1ng th\u1ea5p. T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a s\u00f4ng b\u0103ng n\u00f3i chung m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y \u0111\u00eam l\u00e0 1 m, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng s\u00f4ng b\u0103ng c\u00e1 bi\u1ec7t ng\u00e0y \u0111\u00eam c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea3y h\u01a1n 20 m.","Ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 quy lu\u1eadt chung l\u00e0 b\u0103ng c\u00e0ng d\u00e0y, \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ed1c c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00e0ng cao th\u00ec t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1ea3y c\u00e0ng nhanh. B\u0103ng c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh s\u00f4ng b\u0103ng kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi b\u0103ng th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f4ng k\u1ebft t\u1eeb b\u0103ng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n m\u00e0 l\u00e0 t\u1eeb tuy\u1ebft. Khi \u00e1nh n\u1eafng chi\u1ebfu xu\u1ed1ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c l\u1edbp tuy\u1ebft, ch\u00fang tan ra m\u1ed9t \u00edt, sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00f4ng k\u1ebft l\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean k\u1ebft th\u00e0nh tuy\u1ebft \u1edf d\u1ea1ng h\u1ea1t, ti\u1ebfn th\u00eam m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1edbi k\u1ebft th\u00e0nh b\u0103ng. Lo\u1ea1i b\u0103ng n\u00e0y h\u01a1i nh\u1eb9 h\u01a1n b\u0103ng b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 b\u0103ng c\u1ee7a s\u00f4ng b\u0103ng.","S\u00f4ng b\u0103ng \u1edf tr\u00ean c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec9nh n\u00fai g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 s\u00f4ng b\u0103ng \u1edf n\u00fai cao, c\u00f2n s\u00f4ng b\u0103ng \u1edf hai v\u00f9ng c\u1ef1c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 s\u00f4ng b\u0103ng \u0111\u1ea1i l\u1ee5c. H\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea1i l\u1ee5c \u1edf Nam C\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u00ecm ng\u1eadp d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u1edbp b\u0103ng d\u00e0y tr\u00ean ngh\u00ecn m\u00e9t. Di\u1ec7n t\u00edch s\u00f4ng b\u0103ng \u1edf Nam C\u1ef1c chi\u1ebfm tr\u00ean 85%","to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch s\u00f4ng b\u0103ng. Theo t\u00ednh to\u00e1n t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 t\u00edch s\u00f4ng b\u0103ng c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 28 tri\u1ec7u km3. \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a lo\u1ea1i s\u00f4ng b\u0103ng n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ed1c kh\u00f4ng l\u1edbn, n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 nghi\u00eang \u1edf m\u00e9p ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng l\u01b0\u1ee1i b\u0103ng k\u00e9o d\u00e0i ra bi\u1ec3n. \u1ede c\u00e1c d\u1ed1c b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n, b\u0103ng th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1t sinh n\u1ee9t g\u00e3y, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ph\u1ea7n b\u0103ng ch\u00ecm xu\u1ed1ng bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n n\u00e2ng l\u00ean, l\u00e0m cho l\u01b0\u1ee1i b\u0103ng b\u1ecb g\u00e3y ch\u1ea5t th\u00e0nh n\u00fai b\u0103ng. C\u00f3 l\u00fac n\u00fai b\u0103ng n\u1ed5i tr\u00ean bi\u1ec3n g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eefng l\u01b0\u1ee1i b\u0103ng, hai b\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb g\u00e3y, h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh n\u00fai b\u0103ng m\u1edbi. H\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a n\u00fai b\u0103ng ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh m\u1eb7t b\u00e0n ho\u1eb7c h\u00ecnh g\u00f3c nh\u1ecdn, nh\u1eefng kh\u1ed1i b\u0103ng l\u1edbn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1eef l\u00e2u t\u1eeb 2 - 10 n\u0103m n\u1ed5i tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t bi\u1ec3n h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m m\u00e9t. B\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn n\u1ed5i tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t bi\u1ec3n n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 chi\u1ebfm kho\u1ea3ng 1\/7 th\u1ec3 t\u00edch to\u00e0n kh\u1ed1i b\u0103ng. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i bi\u1ec3n \u1edf c\u00e1c c\u1ef1c, khi h\u00fac ph\u1ea3i n\u00fai b\u0103ng th\u01b0\u1eddng x\u1ea3y ra nguy hi\u1ec3m, c\u00f3 l\u00fac t\u00e0u b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1eafm. Con t\u00e0u Titanic n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 h\u00fac v\u00e0o n\u00fai b\u0103ng m\u00e0 b\u1ecb \u0111\u1eafm. T \u1eeb kho\u00e1: S\u00f4ng b\u0103ng; N\u00fai b\u0103ng. 155. D\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u00e2n Trung Qu\u1ed1c,","ph\u00eda b\u00ean kia Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t s\u1ebd l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0o? C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecfi: ph\u00eda d\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u00e2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ee9ng, n\u1ebfu \u0111\u00e0o s\u00e2u xuy\u00ean qua b\u00ean kia Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2u? C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n suy ngh\u0129 m\u00e0 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi r\u1eb1ng: n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9, b\u1edfi v\u00ec v\u0129 \u0111\u1ed9 M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c gi\u1ed1ng nhau, kinh \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00eanh nhau 1800. Trung Qu\u1ed1c ban ng\u00e0y th\u00ec M\u1ef9 l\u00e0 ban \u0111\u00eam. Nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c ra c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi tr\u00ean kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang. V\u1eady ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o? Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y xem qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ea7u. T\u1eeb qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1eb7t b\u00e0n, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1n \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eb7t ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi Trung Qu\u1ed1c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 \u1edf ch\u00e2u M\u1ef9. V\u1eady th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0o? \u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ta h\u00e3y t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u quy lu\u1eadt ph\u00e2n chia kinh \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 v\u0129 \u0111\u1ed9: v\u0129 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1edf Nam v\u00e0 B\u1eafc b\u00e1n c\u1ea7u ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng qua \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng x\u00edch \u0111\u1ea1o. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 l\u1ea5y 5o v\u0129 \u0111\u1ed9 B\u1eafc \u0111\u1ec3 suy \u0111o\u00e1n. Tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 hai \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng kinh tuy\u1ebfn h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00f2n. Hai \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng kinh tuy\u1ebfn n\u00e0y c\u00f3 kinh \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00f4ng, t\u00e2y ng\u01b0\u1ee3c nhau. T\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 kinh \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0 180o. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 120o kinh \u0110\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi 60o kinh T\u00e2y. C\u0103n c\u1ee9 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a l\u01b0\u1edbi kinh v\u00e0 v\u0129 \u0111\u1ed9, l\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 tr\u00ean qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ea7u, l\u1ea5y t\u00e2m Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t","l\u00e0m trung t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng th\u00ec nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00f3 s\u1ebd c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng \u1edf ph\u00eda b\u00ean kia. \u0110i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng n\u00e0y v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 kinh tuy\u1ebfn, v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 v\u0129 tuy\u1ebfn. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 100o kinh \u0110\u00f4ng, 30o v\u0129 B\u1eafc th\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 80o kinh T\u00e2y, 30o v\u0129 Nam. \u0110i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng n\u00e0y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m tr\u00ean qu\u1ea3 c\u1ea7u m\u00e0 ta th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m d\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u00e2n ta \u1edf ph\u00eda b\u00ean kia Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t. Hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nguy\u00ean l\u00fd n\u00e0y ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u1ea5t nhanh t\u00ecm ra qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng ph\u00eda b\u00ean kia c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c l\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0o. Trung Qu\u1ed1c thu\u1ed9c 73o40\u2019 - 135o5 kinh \u0110\u00f4ng, 53o31\u2019 - 3o52\u2019 v\u0129 \u0111\u1ed9 B\u1eafc. Khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng b\u00ean kia Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t l\u00e0 106o20\u2019 - 44o55\u2019 kinh T\u00e2y, 3o52\u2019 - 53o29\u2019 v\u0129 \u0111\u1ed9 Nam. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 khu v\u1ef1c bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc Achentina, Chil\u00ea, Urugoay, Paragoay, P\u00earu, Bolivia, Braxin. Trong ph\u1ea1m vi n\u00e0y chi\u1ebfm di\u1ec7n t\u00edch t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1edbn v\u00e0 l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh l\u00e0 Achentina. Cho n\u00ean qu\u1ed1c gia b\u00ean kia Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t ph\u00eda d\u01b0\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Trung Qu\u1ed1c ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 Achentina, l\u1ea5y \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1ed1i th\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng v\u1edbi Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng H\u1ea3i - Trung Qu\u1ed1c l\u00e0 th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 Buen\u00f4t Airet c\u1ee7a Achentina. \u0110\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean m\u1ecdi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3, nh\u01b0ng xuy\u00ean qua Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.","Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u lan truy\u1ec1n s\u00f3ng d\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t m\u00e0 n\u00f3i th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng. T \u1eeb kho\u00e1: Kinh tuy\u1ebfn; V\u0129 tuy\u1ebfn. 156. V\u00ec sao Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u nham th\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf? Tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 \u0111\u00e1. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u00f9ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u00e0 b\u00f9n c\u00e1t, nh\u01b0ng ph\u00eda d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 s\u00f4ng, bi\u1ec3n, d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u1ea7ng n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1. \u0110\u00e1 l\u00e0 l\u1edbp v\u1ecf \u0111\u1ea5t ch\u1eafc c\u1ee9ng nh\u1ea5t, bao b\u1ecdc k\u00edn m\u1eb7t ngo\u00e0i v\u1ecf Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta g\u1ecdi n\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u00f2ng nham th\u1ea1ch. V\u00f2ng nham th\u1ea1ch ch\u1ed7 d\u00e0y nh\u1ea5t h\u01a1n 100 km. V\u1eady n\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng v\u1ecf Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t l\u00e0 do nham th\u1ea1ch c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n tr\u00ean c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp c\u00f9i c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nham th\u1ea1ch c\u1ea5u th\u00e0nh. V\u00ec sao tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u nham th\u1ea1ch nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf? Nh\u00e0 b\u00e1c v\u1eadt h\u1ecdc Linnai n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a Th\u1ee5y \u0110i\u1ec3n","\u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng n\u00f3i: \\\"Nham th\u1ea1ch kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1eeb x\u01b0a \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u00e0 l\u00e0 con \u0111\u1ebb c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi gian\\\". \u0110\u00fang th\u1ebf, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nham th\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t. C\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh nham th\u1ea1ch kh\u00e1c nhau, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chia th\u00e0nh ba lo\u1ea1i l\u1edbn: \u0111\u00e1 ho\u1ea3 th\u00e0nh (\u0111\u00e1 l\u1eeda), \u0111\u00e1 tr\u1ea7m t\u00edch v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1 bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t. \u0110\u00e1 ho\u1ea3 th\u00e0nh l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a v\u00f2ng nham th\u1ea1ch Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t. To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 ph\u1ea7n tr\u00ean l\u1edbp c\u00f9i v\u00e0 3\/4 nham th\u1ea1ch trong v\u1ecf Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1 ho\u1ea3 th\u00e0nh. \u0110\u00e1 ho\u1ea3 th\u00e0nh l\u00e0 nham t\u01b0\u01a1ng (dung nham) n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea1nh d\u1ea7n v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh. N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang l\u00e0 nham t\u01b0\u01a1ng do n\u00fai l\u1eeda phun ra ng\u01b0ng k\u1ebft th\u00e0nh th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1 ho\u1ea3 th\u00e0nh. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e1 Huy\u1ec1n V\u0169, \u0111\u00e1 An S\u01a1n\u2026 ng\u00e0y nay \u1edf nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng n\u00fai l\u1eeda c\u00f2n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ta v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e1 ho\u1ea3 th\u00e0nh. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u00f9ng tuy \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c che ph\u1ee7 h\u00e0ng v\u1ea1n km2, \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn m\u00e9t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e1 ho\u1ea3 th\u00e0nh, nh\u01b0ng t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u1eabn r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 h\u1ea1n, m\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nham t\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c phun ra kh\u1ecfi m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 ng\u01b0ng k\u1ebft t\u1eadn d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u00e2u. \u0110\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1 ho\u1ea3 th\u00e0nh, n\u00f3 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e1 hoa c\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111\u00e1 cu\u1ed9i\u2026 Nham th\u1ea1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh s\u1edbm nh\u1ea5t (bao","g\u1ed3m \u0111\u00e1 ho\u1ea3 th\u00e0nh, \u0111\u00e1 tr\u1ea7m t\u00edch, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1 bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t). Sau khi l\u1ed9 ra tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t, n\u00f3 b\u1ecb phong ho\u00e1 v\u00e0 x\u00e2m th\u1ef1c ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i, d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n chuy\u1ec3n ho\u00e1 th\u00e0nh b\u00f9n c\u00e1t v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc kh\u00e1c. Nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00f3, n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 s\u00f4ng b\u0103ng v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng tr\u1ea7m t\u00edch l\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1y h\u1ed3 ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng tr\u0169ng, qua th\u1eddi gian ng\u01b0ng k\u1ebft l\u00e2u d\u00e0i v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng s\u1ee9c n\u00f3ng trong l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea5t l\u1ea1i ng\u01b0ng k\u1ebft th\u00e0nh l\u1edbp nham th\u1ea1ch m\u1edbi, \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1 tr\u1ea7m t\u00edch. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 s\u1ecfi \u0111\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t c\u00e1t v\u00f3n k\u1ebft m\u00e0 th\u00e0nh, ho\u1eb7c t\u1eeb ch\u1ea5t b\u00f9n ng\u01b0ng k\u1ebft l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c phi\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e1. \u0110\u00e1 tr\u1ea7m t\u00edch trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 tham gia c\u1ee7a sinh v\u1eadt, cho n\u00ean trong \u0111\u00e1 tr\u1ea7m t\u00edch ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng ho\u00e1 th\u1ea1ch ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft di th\u1ec3 sinh v\u1eadt c\u1ed5. Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t, nham th\u1ea1ch ch\u1ecbu s\u1ee9c \u00e9p m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i b\u1ed5 sung v\u00e0o, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 ph\u00e1t sinh bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n b\u1ed9 m\u1eb7t, h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i nham th\u1ea1ch m\u1edbi g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1 bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e1 hoa c\u01b0\u01a1ng bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e1 phi\u1ebfn, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nham th\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1 phi\u1ebfn bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e1 t\u1ea5m. T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i nham th\u1ea1ch tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec1u th\u00f4ng qua ba con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00ean m\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n.","T \u1eeb kho\u00e1: V\u00f2ng nham th\u1ea1ch; \u0110\u00e1 ho\u1ea3 th\u00e0nh; \u0110\u00e1 tr\u1ea7m t\u00edch; \u0110\u00e1 bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t. 157. \u0110\u00e1 h\u1ed3ng ng\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? Ch\u1eafc b\u1ea1n t\u1eebng th\u1ea5y: khi m\u00e1u g\u00e0 nh\u1ecf gi\u1ecdt v\u00e0o r\u01b0\u1ee3u ho\u1eb7c tr\u00ean phi\u1ebfn g\u1ea1ch tr\u1eafng s\u1ebd h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh v\u1ebft loang r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb9p. \u0110\u00e1 ng\u1ecdc s\u00e1ng m\u1edd ph\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u1ea7n sa m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf (qu\u1eb7ng th\u1ee7y ng\u00e2n) th\u00ec tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u00e1 ng\u1ecdc s\u1ebd h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh m\u00e0u h\u1ed3ng ng\u1ecdc t\u01b0\u01a1i r\u00f3i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1 rubi. N\u00fai Ng\u1ecdc Nham \u1edf huy\u1ec7n S\u01b0\u01a1ng Ho\u00e1 t\u1ec9nh Chi\u1ebft Giang c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e1 h\u1ed3ng ng\u1ecdc n\u00e0y. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e1 d\u00f9ng l\u00e0m nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u \u0111i\u00eau kh\u1eafc r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t. \u0110\u00e1 h\u1ed3ng ng\u1ecdc \u1edf \u0111\u1ec9nh n\u00fai S\u00f9ng S\u01a1n cao h\u01a1n m\u1eb7t bi\u1ec3n 1000 m, gi\u00e1p gi\u1edbi gi\u1eefa hai t\u1ec9nh An Huy v\u00e0 Chi\u1ebft Giang do n\u00fai l\u1eeda phun c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y h\u01a1n 100 tri\u1ec7u n\u0103m h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh. B\u1ee5i \u0111\u00e1 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e1 l\u1eeda ng\u01b0ng k\u1ebft l\u1ea1i \u1edf ph\u1ea7n tr\u00ean, sau \u0111\u00f3 d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a kh\u00ed v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a n\u00fai l\u1eeda phun ra, x\u00e2m th\u1ef1c bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e1 ng\u1ecdc d\u1ea1ng m\u1ee1. Qua m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i v\u1ea1n n\u0103m"]