Green-Essential-English-Reader-6-Final-2078-PDF

The knee-high man was quiet for a minute. “Well, I haven’t thought about that.” Mr. Hoot Owl hooted again, “and that’s what’s wrong, Mr. Knee- High Man. You hadn’t done any thinking at all. I’m smaller than you, and you don’t see me worrying about being big. Mr. Knee- High Man, you wanted something that you didn’t need.” Retold by Julius Lester 3 Vocabulary A. The word “knee-high” is made of two words. Such words are called compound words. Add the words given in the box to either “knee” or “high” and derive at least ten words. cap beam born high deep class length jerk brow command Combining with “knee” Combining with “high” knee ..................................... high ..................................... knee ..................................... high ..................................... knee ..................................... high ..................................... knee ..................................... high ..................................... knee ..................................... high ..................................... knee ..................................... high ..................................... Essential English Reader Book 6 51

B. In the story, the Knee-High Man is unhappy because he is not as big as other men. The following is the list of words. Write “happy” or “unhappy” against each word. content ................................. sad ................................. dejected ................................. delighted ................................. jovial ................................. gloomy ................................. down ................................. blue ................................. cheerful ................................. forlorn ................................. pleasant ................................. despondent ................................. 4 Comprehension 1. Read the story ‘The Knee-High Man’ again. Write “true” or “false” against each statement below. a. The Knee-High Man was unhappy because he wanted to be tall. b. The horse advises the Knee-High Man to bellow and bellow. c. The Bull advises the Knee-High Man to eat a lot of grass. d. The Owl wanted to know why the Knee-High Man was unhappy. e. The Knee-High Man has a good reason to want to be big. f. The Owl tells the Knee-High Man to be content with what he is. 2. Answer the following questions. a. Why was the Knee-High Man unhappy? b. Why did the Knee-High Man want to be big? 52 Essential English Reader Book 6

c. What advice does Mr. Horse give to the Knee-High Man so that he could be bigger? d. According to the Mr. Hoot Owl, why did the Knee-High Man not need to worry about his height? e. How could the Knee-High Man see far in the distance? f. What does Mr. Owl think is wrong with the Knee-High Man? 3. Think and answer. a. What do you think is the lesson of this story? b. Do you think animals can “think” and “talk”? 5 Grammar If-clause If-clauses are also known as conditional clauses or conditional sentences. This means that the event in the main clause (not containing the if) only takes place if the condition in the clause containing if is fulfilled. Mother : “Gaurab, I want to make a cake this afternoon. Will you help me?” Gaurab : “If I have time, I’ll help you.” Essential English Reader Book 6 53

Mother : “Gaurab, I am going to make the cake now. Can you help me?” Gaurab : “If I had time, I’d help you. But I have to do my homework.” Mother : “Now I’ve made the cake myself. Why didn’t you help me?” Gaurab : “If I’d had time, I would have helped you. But I had to do my homework.” Usage and construction Type II (unreal condition – present) We use type II to talk about present or future conditions that are unreal – they are not true or not likely to become true in the future. if + simple past, would + infinitive Example: If I had time, I would help you. To Note If a type II if-clause has the verb be in the clause containing if, then we use were (not was). Example: If I were you, I would not do this. (not: If I was you, ...) 54 Essential English Reader Book 6

1. Complete the sentences (if-clauses, type II). a. If you (study) ............................ harder, you (get) ............................ better marks in your tests. b. If I (be) ............................ rich, I (travel) ............................ around the world. c. She (come) ............................ to the market with us if she (have/not) ............................ to work. 3. Put the verbs in brackets into the gaps. Form a type 2 conditional sentence. a. If I ............................ (come) home earlier, I ............................ (prepare) dinner. b. If we ............................ (live) in Rome, Francesco ............................ (visit) us. c. If Tim and Tom ............................ (be) older, they ............................ (play) in our hockey team. d. If he ............................ (be) my friend, I ............................ (invite) him to my birthday party. e. If Susan ............................ (study) harder, she ............................ (be) better at school. f. If they ............................ (have) enough money, they ............................ (buy) a new car. g. If you ............................ (do) a paper round, you ............................ (earn) a little extra money. h. If Michael ............................ (get) more pocket money, he ............................ ( ask) Doris out for dinner. i. If we ............................ (win) the lottery, we ............................ (fly) to San Francisco. j. If I ............................ (meet) Brad Pitt, I ............................ (ask) for his autograph. Essential English Reader Book 6 55

6 Communicative skills Creativity What are you doing next week? Make notes in your diary. Mention time, date and things you are going to do. Tell the class about your schedule. Date Time Events Speaking: Talking about arrangements Look at the arrangements of Mr. Adhikari and describe them. Jan 2013, Monday 10 am: go to the airport to receive his friend 12:30 pm: show his office to his friend 2 pm: eat lunch at Soaltee Hotel 4 pm: visit the park 6 pm: attend a meeting 8 pm: have dinner at Hyatt 56 Essential English Reader Book 6

7 Sounds of English Listen and practise: Consonant /z/. Zombie / dozen / tease Zillion / scissors / sneeze Zoom / poison / freeze Zing / Thursday / flowers Repeat the sentences after your teacher. Mr. Foxy seized a dozen zombies on Thursday. The boys zoomed around Mr. Foxy to tease the zombies. Mr. Foxy gave a dozen roseries of daisy flowers to the boys who came to tease the zombies. 8 Time for writing When we write informal letters, we normally take note of the following points. a. Your address (but not your name) usually goes on the top right hand corner. b. There is no need to put the address of the person you are writing to. c. There are many different ways of ending an informal letter. These are some of the most common: To family members and close friends: Love/Love from/Lots of love To friends and acquaintances: Best wishes/All the best/Take care Now, imagine you’re The Knee-High Man. Write a “thank you” letter to Mr. Hoot Owl for showing you the truth and making you love who you are. Essential English Reader Book 6 57

Unit Planet Earth 6 1 Lead-in Look at the pictures. Match the words with the pictures. Earth Forest River Ocean Pair Work Pair-up with a partner. Discuss what you know about the earth, ocean, forest and rivers. Also discuss the ways to protect them. Creative Activity Take a sheet of paper. Fold it in the middle. On one side, draw either the earth or the forest, ocean or river. On the other side, write three things that should be done to protect it. Collect the work and display them in the classroom. 58 Essential English Reader Book 6

2 Reading Planet Earth Welcome to Planet Earth Museum, a museum where you can learn some interesting facts about the world we live in. “There are many amazing places on Earth. Who knows, maybe you’ll see them all one day! Where shall we go first, children?” “Forests!” Forests are home to over half of the world’s animals and plants. Trees clean the air and produce oxygen for us to breathe. We destroy more than 36 football fields of forests every minute and throw away thousands of trees in paper and card every day. The oceans are home to millions of marine animals. They absorb the sun’s heat, transfer it to the atmosphere and move it around the world. A lot of the rubbish we produce on land pollutes the oceans. Turtles mistake plastic bags for jellyfish and die when they eat them. At opposite ends of the world, the Arctic and Antarctic are freezing cold lands. It is so cold that the sea is covered in ice. The fuel we use for energy makes the climate warmer. As it gets warmer, the ice melts and the sea rises. The land disappears. Rivers collect rain water and carry it to the oceans. Along the way, Essential English Reader Book 6 59

plants absorb and clean the water so it is safe for us to drink. Farms and factories pollute the rivers with pesticides and chemicals and every day people in urban areas each flush about 50 litres of water down the toilet. This is a green world, where people respect nature and live a long and healthy life. Wouldn’t you like to live here? 3 Vocabulary 1. Match the words with their correct meanings. amazing to take in marine anything which kills or controls insects absorb causing wonder; very surprising; very good atmosphere of or relating to the sea water pesticide the gases surrounding the Earth; environment 2. “There are many amazing places on Earth.” Write as many words as you can that mean the same as ‘amazing’. .............................. .............................. .............................. 60 Essential English Reader Book 6

3. “A lot of the rubbish we produce on land pollutes the oceans.” Can you think of a word to replace rubbish? Give other words that give the same or similar meaning. Clues: W.... S .... .... ....R .... S .... G .... .... BA .... .... J .... .... K R .... .... U .... .... LI .... .... E .... 4. Use the following words in sentences of your own. a. amazing ..................................................................................... b. marine ........................................................................................ c. absorb ........................................................................................ d. atmosphere ............................................................................... e. pesticides .................................................................................. 4 Comprehension 1. Circle the correct answer: a. Forests are home to many ............ and plants. i. people ii. animals iii. pets b. Trees clean the air and produce ............. i. hydrogen ii. oxygen iii. nitrogen c. The oceans are home to ........... of marine animals. i. hundreds ii. some iii. millions d. They absorb, transfer and move the ..........’s heat. i. Earth ii. sun iii. moon Essential English Reader Book 6 61

e. The Arctic and the Antartic are .......... places. i. freezing ii. hot iii. warm f. The sea is covered in .........., helping to store lots of water. i. bottles ii. cream iii. ice g. Rivers collect water and take it to the ............ i. bank ii. ocean iii. mountains h. River plants absorb and clean the water so we can ........ it. i. breathe ii. eat iii. drink 2. How are we damaging the different environments? Find the mistake, underline it and write the correct word. a. Every day we throw away thousands of plants in paper and card and we destroy more than 36 football fields of forest. .......................... b. A lot of the rubbish we produce on land pollutes the parks. .......................... c. Turtles mistake plastic bags for jellyfish and die if they touch them. .......................... d. The fuel we use for energy makes the climate colder. As it gets warmer, the ice melts and the sea rises. The land stays. .......................... e. Farms and schools pollute the rivers with pesticides and chemicals. .......................... f. Every day we flush 5 litres of dirty water down the toilet. .......................... 62 Essential English Reader Book 6

3. Where does it go? What things can we do to help the environment? What things do we do that damage the environment? Write more ideas in the boxes below: helps the environment damages the environment have a shower, not a bath throwing rubbish on the street 4. Answer the following questions. a. Why are forests and trees important for us? b. What are marine animals? c. What do the oceans do to the sun’s heat? d. What causes the death of turtles? e. What makes the climate warmer? What is its impact? f. What do rivers do? g. How do farms and factories pollute the rivers? 5. Discuss these questions and answer. a. What happens if we destroy the forests? b. Why is the sea at the Arctic and Antartic covered in ice? c. How do river plants clean the water? d. Why should we respect nature? Essential English Reader Book 6 63

5 Grammar Because vs. Because of We use because or because of to explain reason for something. I didn’t go for a walk yesterday because it was raining. I didn’t go for a walk yesterday because of the heavy rain. Because + a whole clause (subject+verb+object) Because of + a noun phrase/ing word 1. Fill in the blanks with ‘because’ or ‘because of’ to complete the sentences. a. Steven went to the shopping center last Sunday ........................ he needed a new laptop. b. Pam and her parents want to visit the city zoo ........................ they want to see the baby panda. c. More and more people get to work late every day ........................ the heavy traffic in the city center. d. Nowadays teenagers gain weight or become obese ........................ they prefer fast food to healthy home cooked food. e. ........................ the water shortage in the dams this year, there will be frequent water cuts in this region of the country. f. Some students don’t want to answer the questions during class ........................ they are afraid of making mistakes, 64 Essential English Reader Book 6

g. It’s difficult to breath in this industrial area ........................ the smoke coming from the factories. h. I couldn’t come to school two days ago ........................ the terrible flu I had. 130 2. Fill in the blanks with “because” or “because of” to complete the text I decided to go to the city center yesterday morning ........................ I was so bored. I had breakfast and got dressed. I wore my boots and took my umbrella with me ........................ the heavy rain outside. I waited at the bus stop for some time and a bus came. I could not get in ........................ there were too many people in it. Then I took a taxi and arrived at the city center. First I looked for a bank ........................ I needed some money. Then I went to a cafe to drink coffee. I sat on a table and turned on my laptop but I couldn’t surf on the internet ........................ poor wireless signal. I finished my coffee and went to a clothes shop. I wanted to buy a nice dress ........................ I needed it for my mom’s birthday. I found some smart ones but I couldn’t ........................ their high prices. I afford to buy any left the shop and entered a supermarket ........................ I needed some ingredients for my mom’s birthday cake. Finally I finished shopping and went back home. Essential English Reader Book 6 65

6 Communicative Skills 1. Listen to the record and fill in the blanks. a. It may seem like the Earth is made up of one big solid ............. i. lock ii. rock iii. sock b. You can think of the Earth as being made up of a number of ........... i. liars ii. lawyers iii. layers c. These layers get more and more .......... the closer to the center of the Earth. i. thick ii. thin iii. slick d. The four main layers of the Earth are the crust, ............., outer core, and inner core. i. mantle ii. mental iii. metal 2. Listen to the text again and mark the sentences True or False: a. The Earth is made up of one big solid rock. b. The Earth has a number of layers, like an onion. c. The Earth has three main layers. d. These layers get more and more thick the closer to the centre of the Earth. 66 Essential English Reader Book 6

7 Speaking Read the conversation below and act it out. A : What do you know about forests? B : They provide home to over half of the world’s animals and plants. A : What about the trees? B : Trees clean the air and produce oxygen for us to breathe. A : And what do you know about oceans? B : The oceans are home to millions of water animals. They also absorb the sun’s heat and release it in the atmosphere. A : What pollutes the oceans? B : The rubbish that we produce on land pollutes the oceans. A : What makes the climate warmer? B : The fuels we use for energy makes the climate warmer. A : What pollutes the rivers? B : Farms and factories pollute rivers with pesticides and chemicals. A : How can we keep the world green? B : We can keep the world green if we respect nature and keep the environment clean. Look at the picture and describe what’s wrong about it. 8 Time for writing How are human beings polluting the earth? How does this pollution affect the earth and our lives? How can we save the earth and ourselves? Essential English Reader Book 6 67

Unit Teach Your Children 7 1 Lead-in A. Learning new words You are going to read a poem about the importance of nature or earth to mankind. Try solving the following word puzzle. All words are related to nature and its preservation. Nature Words 1 2 34 5 67 8 9 10 11 Across 3. a large area of land with little water and few plants 6. use land for growing plants 9. the relation of animals and plants to each other 11. a wild animal having a long neck 68 Essential English Reader Book 6

Down 1. knowing that something exists 2. a type of tree bearing cones 4. treat things that have already been used so that they can be used again 5. living things that have leaves and roots 7. surface of the earth 8. a large area of land covered with trees 10. poisonous gas, harmful for living beings B. Pre-reading activity Do you know that our life depends on more than what we have in our homes, in our towns, and villages? From where do you think we get air, water, forest, a lot of open space? The earth is home to not just humans but all creatures of nature. We must not work in a way that hurts nature. Read the poem and think about our common home. 2 Reading Teach Your Children Teach your children What we have taught our children that the earth is our mother. Whatever befalls the earth befalls the sons and daughters of the earth. If men spit upon the earth they spit upon themselves. Essential English Reader Book 6 69

This we know: The earth does not belong to us We belong to the earth. This we know: All things are connected Like blood which unites one family All things are connected. Whatever befalls the earth befalls the sons and daughters of the earth We did not weave the web of Life, We are merely a strand in it. Whatever we do to the web, We do to ourselves— - Chief Seattle 3 Vocabulary A. Match the words with their meanings. 1. befall a single piece of thread, wire, hair etc. 2. connect to make web, fabric, etc. 3. weave to join together 4. strand to happen to somebody B. Collect the words from the poem that can be split into two meaningful words as given in the example. e.g. whatever = what + ever 70 Essential English Reader Book 6

C. Complete the following lines with suitable words from the poem. a. Whatever ................ the earth ................ the sons and daughters of the earth. b. If men ................ the earth they ................ themselves. c. Whatever we ................ to the web, we ................ to ourselves. D. In the poem, you find words like ourselves, themselves, etc. They are reflexive pronouns formed by adding ‘-selves’ at the end of ‘our’ and ‘them’ respectively. If the pronouns are singular, we add ‘self’ to make such reflexive pronouns. If they are plural, we add ‘-selves’. Now make reflexive pronouns from the following pronouns. I .............. you (singular) .............. you (plural) .............. she .............. he .............. it .............. we .............. 4 Comprehension A. Answer the following questions. a. Who are the sons and daughters of the earth? b. What happens if men spit upon the earth? c. Does the earth belong to us? d. In what way are all things connected? e. What do you mean by the ‘web of life’? f. What does the poet want us to teach the children? Essential English Reader Book 6 71

B Think and answer. a. What do you think the poet means by ‘whatever befalls the earth befalls the sons and daughters of the earth.’ b. The poet says “We did not weave the web of life, we are merely a strand in it.” If so, who do you think did weave the web of life? Discuss with your classmates. 5 Grammar will/ be going to Read and learn I will build my own house. I will sit in front of fire. I’m going to invite guests. I’m going to . . . . . . . . . . . . . We use “will” – — for things that we decide to do at the moment of speaking I will buy you a cake. — when we believe something is about to happen It will rain. I can see black clouds moving. — to make an offer or promise I am sorry. I will behave next time. 72 Essential English Reader Book 6

We use “be going to”— — when you intend/ plan to do something I’m going to visit Pokhara. — when there are definite signs something will happen It’s going to rain. I just felt a drop. — when something is about to happen Get back! The bomb is going to explode. 1. Write “A” if the decision is made at the moment of speaking or write “B” if the decision is made beforehand. a. I’m bored. I think I will call my sister................. b. We are going to have a party next week. .................... c. Our teacher says he’s going to give us a test next week. .................. d. You haven’t got any money. I will lend you some. ................. e. It’s very cold in here. I will close the windows. ........................ f. There is a test next Monday. I’m going to study over the weekend. ...................... 2. Complete with “’ll/ won’t/ be going to”. a. I must hurry. I .............. miss the bus. b. Wait a second! I ................ get my backpack. c. I’m sure we ...................... be late for the class. d. You’re driving too fast. You ..................... cause an accident. e. Sorry. I .................. slow down. f. I know I ...................... give her a nice gift. Essential English Reader Book 6 73

6 Comunicative skills A. Conversation: Holidays! Anup and Seema are very happy because they are going to have three holidays in a row. They are discussing what they are going to do during the holidays. Anup : I’m so glad the weekend’s finally here. Seema : Me too. Imagine. It’s a long weekend. We’ve got three days in a row. Anup : So, where’re you going? Seema : I don’t have any plan yet. I’ll just play it by ear. How about you? Anup : We’re going to go hiking and camping in the mountains. Seema : That sounds exciting! Anup : Want to join us? Seema : Hm, let me think about it. I’ll let you know soon. 7 Sounds of English Listen and practice : Vowel /IE/. near / dear hear / leer seer / beer peer / dear Repeat the sentences after your teacher. Do you hear the deer? The deer sounds very near on the clear. Go bring your peer to watch the deer and hear its clear sound. 74 Essential English Reader Book 6

8 Time for writing The Environment Project A. Write brief answers to following questions. You may talk to your teachers or elders for help. 1. Do you ever worry about the environment? 2. Have you read or heard any news stories recently about the environment? 3. What are the biggest environmental problems in our country? 4. What are the biggest environmental problems in the world? 5. Is there a problem with clean water in our country? If so, why is the problem there? 6. Is there a problem with clean air in your country? If so, what are the reasons for that? 7. What can governments do to save our environment? 8. What can individuals do to save environment? 9. If you were the new Environment Minister in your country’s government, what would be your first decision? 10. Imagine it’s 60 years in the future. What will young people be saying about how we treated the environment? B. Now, using the answers, write a few paragraphs on the topic “Thinking about Environment.” Essential English Reader Book 6 75

Unit Gulliver in Lilliput 8 1 Lead-in A. Learning new words We are going to read an imaginative story about sea-travel. We also need special words to talk about sea-travel. Here is a list of words you need to know to find your way around the ship. bow : the front side of the ship stern : the rear side of the ship port : the left side of the ship when facing the front starboard : the right side of the ship when facing the front bridge : the control centre of the ship decks : floors of the ship galley : place where food is prepared muster station : area for passengers to meet during an emergency cabin : passengers’ rooms or sleeping quarters gangway : the entrance/exit area of the ship 76 Essential English Reader Book 6

Look at the picture of a cruise ship below. Write the names of each marked part. B. Learning new structures Read and learn. I couldn’t see any houses, and I couldn’t see any people. “I’m very tired,” I thought. “I must stay here and sleep.” “Must” has many meanings. One of them is expressing strong obligation. In the example, Gulliver could not see any houses and people; so, he decides that he must stay there. “Musn’t” can be used to express strong negative obligation Fill in the blanks with must or mustn’t. 1. She is ill, so she .................... see the doctor. 2. It is raining. You .................... take your umbrella. 3. You .................... throw litter on the stairs. 4. This is a secret. You .................... tell anybody. 5. You .................... make a noise in the library. 6. We .................... hurry or we will miss the bus. 7. You .................... eat fruits and vegetables. Essential English Reader Book 6 77

8. The baby is sleeping. You .................... shout. 9. You .................... be friendly to everybody. 10. You .................... walk on the grass. Imagine your friend is going on a trip to Pokhara. Tell your friend what he or she must or mustn’t do. 2 Reading Gulliver in Lilliput On 4th May 1699, I left London on the ship Antelope. I was the doctor on the ship. We went to a lot of islands in the Indies. Then we turned south. The captain looked at the sky. “We’re going to have a storm,” he said. The storm started that night. Soon there were great waves, and they threw the ship on its side. I left the ship with some seamen in a small boat. But the boat turned over in the storm. I was in the sea, among the great waves. I saw some wood near me - a piece of the ship. I reached it, and it saved me. 78 Essential English Reader Book 6

The storm ended at last. I stayed with my piece of wood until the evening. Then my foot touched ground, and I saw land. I walked through the water to it. I couldn’t see any houses, and I couldn’t see any people. “I’m very tired,” I thought. “I must stay here and sleep.” I was in a small field, and I lay down and went to sleep. It was morning when I opened my eyes. I tried to turn my head, but I couldn’t. I couldn’t move my arms or my legs or my body. “What’s wrong?” I wondered. “Why can’t I move?” There were sounds near me. Something was on my leg. It moved up my body, nearly to my head. I looked down, and I saw a very little man - a tiny man. He was about 15 centimeters tall. I shouted, and the little man turned and hurried away. There were more sounds near me on the ground. I pulled my head up. That hurt me, but I could see the ground on one side. There were a lot of tiny men. They had bows and arrows. They were frightened when I moved. Their captain shouted an order, and about a hundred of their little arrows went into my left hand. “I’ll keep still,” I thought. “I can wait.” After a time, an important little man climbed up and talked to me. “What is he saying?” I wondered. But I didn’t move. The important little man was very brave. He called out, and the other little men freed my right arm. I pointed to my mouth with my right hand. “I’m hungry,” I said. He called out. Quite soon, food and drink arrived. The little people came with bread and other food in baskets. The food from one basket nearly filled my mouth. I had one basket of food after another. Essential English Reader Book 6 79

“They are brave little people,” I thought. “I could kill hundreds of them with my free right arm. But they walk about on me without fear.” They were kind, too. They cleaned the little arrow holes in my hand, and their doctors put some powder on them. After that, I fell asleep. I think they added something to my drink and it made me sleep. While I was asleep, they made a thing like a bed on wheels. It was about seven centimeters high, two meters long and a meter wide. It had twenty-two small wheels. They used even smaller wheels to pull me on to this thing. Then more of the little men came with a thousand of their horses. And they pulled me to their city. It was a journey of nearly one kilometer - a long way for them. We stopped for one night on the way. I was still asleep, but I was awake before morning. I think there were five hundred little soldiers on each side of me. In the morning we started again. And at about midday we stopped at an old temple. It was outside the city, about 200 meters from the city walls. It was a big temple, but the people didn’t use it. So they gave it to me for a house. The front entrance was about a meter high and more than half a meter wide. I could just get in and out. Workmen put chains from the entrance round my arms and legs. They were ships’ chains - very big and strong for the little people. But they were like the 80 Essential English Reader Book 6

chains for our pocket watches. I thought, “I can break these little chains, but I’m not going to do it just now. The little people are kind. I don’t want to frighten them.” Very soon everyone heard about me. People came from every part of the country to see me. They were excited, but they weren’t afraid. A lot of them came quite close to my temple home. They wanted to see the wonderful “man-mountain.” One day some workmen came to the temple. They made a wooden floor in front of me. Other men put a red cloth over it, and fine chairs on top of that. The chairs were about three meters away from me. Then soldiers arrived. Then the king and the queen, and two princes and two princesses. And then all the important people. The king and the queen and their sons and daughters sat on the chairs. They sat quite still, and looked at me. After a time, the king talked to me. He said a lot, but I didn’t know the language. I tried English, German, French, Spanish, Italian and Latin. I speak those languages quite well, but the king didn’t know them. So they sat and looked at me, and I looked at them. The next day, the king sent his best teacher to teach me the language of his country. The country was Lilliput. I learned the Lilliputian language quite easily. And then I began to learn about the country. The king and his important men were not sure about me. “The man-mountain eats too much,” some of the important men said. “We must kill him.” Essential English Reader Book 6 81

“No,” the king said. “He is a good man-mountain. He doesn’t hurt anybody. And if we kill him, what can we do with the great dead body?” A hundred soldiers always stood round the temple to keep the people away. Some of the people didn’t like that, and a few of them shot arrows at me one day. One of the arrows nearly hit my eye. The soldiers saw these people. They put ropes round six of them, and carried them to me. I put five of them in my pocket. I took the sixth man in my left hand, and I took my pocket knife in my right hand. He thought I wanted to eat him, and he cried out in fear. I didn’t hurt him. I cut the rope, and carefully put him on the ground. Then I cut the ropes round the other five men and put them down too. At first they stood still. They were afraid to move. Then I laughed. My laugh was a great noise for the little people. They became more frightened. Then they began to laugh too. The laugh slowly ran through the city with the story. The people were all my friends after that. - Jonathan Swift 3 Vocabulary A. Learn the meanings of these words and use them in your own sentences. storm : very bad weather with strong winds and rain seaman : a sailer on a ship frightened : afraid entrance : gate 82 Essential English Reader Book 6

B. Do the following activities. a. Find the words which carry meaning similar to ‘storm’. b. Do travel, voyage and journey mean the same thing? Look up the dictionary and find out whether they have same or different meanings. c. What is the opposite of ‘entrance’? d. Use the following in your own sentences. turn over, walk through, lie down, climb up C. Read and learn. Gulliver looked down on the man. He pulled his head up. The expression “look down on somebody” is an idiom; whereas “pull something up” is a phrasal verb. Phrasal verbs are made up a verb and a particle. An “idiom” is a group of words whose meaning is different from the meanings of the individual words. Learn a few more phrasal verbs and idioms that are formulated from “look”. look after : to be responsible look forward : to be thinking about something with pleasure look on : to watch something without getting involved look out : to warn somebody to be careful look bad (idiom) : to show that something bad might happen look good (idiom) : to show that something good might happen look yourself (idiom) : to say that someone doesn’t look healthy Now, use the phrases and idioms given above in your own sentences. Essential English Reader Book 6 83

4 Comprehension A. Answer the following questions. a. What was Gulliver’s work on the ship? b. What happened to Antelope? c. How did Gulliver save his life in the sea? d. Why couldn’t Gulliver move next morning? e. How tall were Lilliputians? f. What were the Lilliputians like? g. How did Lilliputians take Gulliver to the temple? h. Why was Gulliver called man-mountain? i. How did Lilliputians become Gulliver’s friends? B. Think and answer. a. Do you think Gulliver’s Travels is a real story or is it imaginary? How can you say that? 5 Grammar I would see you hunt in packs. used to/would Read and learn. You used to hunt with us. 84 Essential English Reader Book 6

When we talk about things that happened in the past but don’t happen anymore, we can do so it using “used to” and “would.” Used to Would We can use “used to” to talk We can use “would” to talk about past states . . . about repeated past actions . . . I used to go swimming every Every Sunday, I would go on a bike Saturday. ride. I used to smoke but I gave up a few I would go down the hill and ride years ago. back home. 1. For each of the following sentences, choose either “used to” or “would”. If both are possible, use “would”. a. Do you remember how your uncle Shyam .................. sit in that chair and read newspapers? b. Your mother .................. have a Terrier when she was a young girl. c. For years, they .................. go on holidays to Pokhara, then it became very expensive. d. Years ago, I .................. write a diary every day but then I got bored with doing it. e. At the start of marriage, they .................. be very happy but then it went wrong. f. You .................. spell so well. Whatever happened? g. When I was five, I .................. be able to do gymnastics. Now I can’t even touch my toes. h. Before I bought the car, I .................. ride a bicycle everywhere. Essential English Reader Book 6 85

2. Talk about your past. Use “used to” or “would” when appropriate. Take the help of the following clues. play games go on holidays hate weekends birthdays hairstyle When I was a child, I used to ......................................................... ............................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................. 6 Communicative skills A Conversation: Practise this conversation. A : Let’s go to take some breakfast. B : Oh, sure. A : Do you want tea or coffee? B : I like coffee. A : There are some apples and bananas. B : I will eat either apples or bananas. A : I eat neither of them. I just take some bread and butter. 86 Essential English Reader Book 6

7 Sounds of English Listen and practise: Consonant /v/ vest/seven/glove vain/even/stove visor/driver/move vampire/beverage/forgive Repeat the sentences after your teacher. Mr. Foxy vainly put on seven pairs of gloves. He wore a visor of a vampire and a velvety vest. Then, Mr. Foxy drove the van and vanished. 8 Time for writing 1. Imagine that all the people in the world were only fifteen centimetres tall. Write a paragraph what the world would be like then. 2. Read and write. This is Riya. She is tall and smart. She has got long hair. She is very intelligent. She always gets good marks in exams. She lives at Anamnagar. She is very helpful and kind. Write a similar text about your best friend. ........................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................... Essential English Reader Book 6 87

Unit Hare I Am 9 1 Lead-in A. Learning new words Read and learn. Look at me! I rise. I set on leap-light paws in moon- marked air. The words leap-light and moon-marked are compounds, which are formed from more than one base. Compounds are found in all word classes: nouns : pop group, car park adjectives : heartbreaking, guilt-ridden, homesick verbs : baby sit, dry-clean adverbs : good-naturedly, nevertheless, nowadays pronouns : anyone, everything 88 Essential English Reader Book 6

Compound Words Draw lines to make compound words. Then use the new words to complete the sentences. sun port rattle walk fire snake cross flower water man pass dream weather works day melon 1. We roasted the ................. seeds after the plants were grown. 2. I saw a ................. in the bushes and was scared. 3. I need a ................. to travel to another country. 4. The.................said there was a chance of rain today 5. .................is my favorite green, juicy, and delicious fruit. 6. Sometimes I.................when I should be doing my work. 7. My parents make us use the.................to walk to school. 8. The................. are loud and beautiful on the Fourth of July 2 Reading Hare I am [Throughthevoiceofalikableanimal,hare,thepoeminspiresustoappreciatenature and our environment. Engaging students to share their views on human activities such as hunting and deforestation could be an interesting pre-reading activity.] Of course, I’m Hare Where else will I be but here, there, everywhere In woods. In bogs. Essential English Reader Book 6 89

In reeds of marsh - John Agard mad as March I rise. I set On leap-light paws In moon-marked air. So when you hunt me down with hounding dogs and tear my skin asunder, Remember, gentlemen, you’ve just murdered the moon’s ambassador 3 Vocabulary A. The poem gives a list of places where the hare lives. Find them out. Example: woods ............................. ............................. ............................. ............................. B. The word ‘hare’ and hair’ are pronounced alike. Write one word each to the right of the following words similar in sound. fair ............................. there ............................. full ............................. right ............................. eat ............................. dear ............................. 90 Essential English Reader Book 6

C. Below is a list of words used in the poem. Think of a word that has a similar meaning and write next to the word. woods ............................. mad ............................. remember ............................. murder ............................. 4 Comprehension Answer the following questions. a. Where in fact does the hare live? b. Who is the ‘you’ in the poem? c. What does this ‘you’ do to the hare? d. What does the hare tell the gentlemen? e. Who is the moon’s ambassador? How? 5 Grammar comparative/superlative Comparing things and people Adjective Comparative Superlative General rules old older oldest Most adjectives take ‘-er’ tall taller tallest and ‘-est’ in comparative cheap cheaper cheapest and superlative forms. late later latest nice nicer nicest Adjectives ending in ‘-e’ take ‘-r’ and ‘-st’. fine finer finest Essential English Reader Book 6 91

fat fatter fattest For words ending with a big bigger biggest consonant and preceded thin thinner thinnest by a vowel, double the consonant and add ‘-er’ happy happier happiest and ‘-est’. easy easier easiest For words ending in ‘-y’ change ‘-y’ to ‘-i’ and add ‘-er’ and ‘-est’. Longer adjectives Adjective Comparative Superlative most cheerful cheerful more cheerful most handsome most intelligent handsome more handsome most expensive intelligent more intelligent expensive more expensive Irregular adjectives Adjective Comparative Superlative good/well better best worst bad worse least most little less most farthest/furthest much more many more far farther/further 92 Essential English Reader Book 6

Manish Sunil Anish We use the comparative forms to compare one person or thing with another person or thing. We use the superlative forms to compare one person or thing with two or more persons or things. Sunil is taller than Anish. Manish is the tallest of the three boys. Paul is older than Charles. Sally is younger than Paul. Albert is older than Sally. Charles is younger than Sally. Paul is younger than Eric. Eric is older than Albert. Who is the oldest? Who is the youngest? Oldest ................................... Youngest ................................... 1. Now supply the comparative and superlative forms of the following adjectives. clean ……………………… ……………………… cheap ……………………… ……………………… small ……………………… ……………………… near ……………………… ……………………… big ……………………… ……………………… hot ……………………… ……………………… safe ……………………… ……………………… Essential English Reader Book 6 93

2. Complete the sentences. Use the correct forms of these adjectives. beautiful expensive high interesting tall a. A giraffe is ………………… than a man. b. A car is ………………… than a television. c. Detective stories are ………………… than algebra. d. A mountain is ………………… than a hill. e. A peacock is ………………… than a peahen. 3. Write sentences from the prompts using the superlative forms of the adjectives. a. Claire/ kind person/ I know. Claire is the kindest person I know. b. Friday/ busy day/ week. ……………………………… of the week. c. The Soaltee Crown Plaza/ nice hotel/ town. d. This watch/ cheap/ in the shop. e. Alan/ successful salesman/ company. 6 Communicative skills B. Listening 1. Listen to the passage about Aagat and Astha and answer the following questions. a. Where is Aagat going? b. What colour is Aagat’s jumper? 94 Essential English Reader Book 6

c. What colours are his socks and shoes? d. Is he carrying anything with him? e. What colour is Astha’s jumper? f. Is Astha wearing her tie? 2. Listen to the passage again and choose the correct word to fill in the gaps. a. Aagat and Astha are going to ..................... (school/market/ post office) b. Aagat is wearing a ..................... shirt. (red, white, grey) c. Aagat is carrying a ..................... bag. (white, blue, black) d. Astha is carrying her ..................... (jumper, shoes, tie) e. ..................... is wearing grey socks. (Aagat, Astha, neither) 7 Sounds of English Listen and practise: Vowels /ʌ/ and /ɔː/ but / bought cut /caught shut / sought cuff / cough Repeat the sentences after your teacher. Did you get what you sought? No, I bought the cuff but did not like it. What did you do with the cuff you bought? Essential English Reader Book 6 95

8 Time for writing Look at the health problems of children on the pictures and give advice using the following three forms: You should… Don’t… You shouldn’t … ................................... ................................... ................................... ................................... ................................... ................................... ................................... ................................... ................................... ................................... ................................... ................................... ................................... ................................... ................................... ................................... ................................... ................................... 96 Essential English Reader Book 6

Unit Godawari 10 1 Lead-in A. Learning new words 1. Fill in the missing letters to form correct words. All words are names of plants or trees. i. A plant with large delicate leaves that grows in the wet area. F N ii. A plant with brightly coloured flowers. O C I iii. A large tree mostly used for hard wood. A iv. A tall tree with leaves that have five points and turn bright red. M P E v. A large tree that produces smooth brown nuts. C S NU vi. A large tree that produces light brown nuts. A N T Essential English Reader Book 6 97

2. Solve the puzzle below. All words are related to farming. 12 3 4 5 6 Across Down 1. to dig and turn over a 2. to cut and gather a crop 3. to plant or spread seeds in field 4. to take out wild plants the field 5. to prepare land for and grass 6. to water plants planting B. Pre-reading activity There are many beautiful parks and picnic spots which people enjoy visiting. Have you visited Godawari or any other park or picnic spot? What are the different things you noticed there? Discuss with your partner. 98 Essential English Reader Book 6

2 Reading Godawari While wandering in the main cities of the Valley, one tends to forget that most of this region is under cultivation. A drive to Godawari at the southeastern edge of the Valley, however, offers an excellent insight into the rural scene. Leaving Patan, one comes immediately to open fields (at one time, the juxtaposition of houses and fields was perhaps the most charming aspect of suburban Kathmandu, but a great building boom has chewed up most of this attraction). Fields in the Valley are tilled entirely by human labour, the ploughing, sowing, weeding, and harvesting, incredible as it may seem--all done by hand. Godawari, at the base of forested hills, is one of the most delightful places within easy reach of Kathmandu. It is best known for its Botanical Garden, attractively laid out with imported exotic and local plant varieties. The fern and orchid houses are particularly popular, as is the Japanese garden, wedged into the northwestern part of the scheme. Picnic parties gather here, especially on Saturdays when large groups of school and college students appear for cookouts. Rice and steaming curry are prepared just outside the garden fence and served on plates constructed of large leaves stitched together. Picnics, often closely associated with festivals, are a long-standing tradition in Nepal and have been part of the social fabric for centuries. At large picnics, participants usually sit cross-legged in a single line that bends to form the outline of a square, helpers moving down the front of the line, heaping food on plates. Service is quick and easy in this way and the leaf plates are biodegradable. For the naturalist or outdoor enthusiast, Godawari is one of the most exciting and accessible places in the central Himalayan foothills, Essential English Reader Book 6 99

for it harbours a rich variety of plants and animals. Take butterflies, for instance. In April and May, butterflies--many of them gleaming swallowtails--flock to an array of scented flowers, while forest insects flit along shaded mountain streams. In fact, Godawari is one of the best butterfly areas in the entire Himalayan system: over a hundred species, ranging from drab beaks to magnificent blue peacocks, have been seen here in one day. Similarly, Godawari enjoys a wealth of different kinds of bird greatly contributing to the total number of species found in the Valley (over four hundred). As with butterflies, it is possible to see over a hundred species of birds at Godawari in a day--providing one is patient and reasonably familiar with those found in the subtropical Himalayas. In a broad sense, the Godawari area includes the forested hill of Phulchowki that rises above the inhabited sections. This lush region is the home of many plants, including four varieties of oak trees, their leaves remaining green even through frost-filled winter nights. In addition, dark chestnuts, wild walnuts, red rhododendrons and Himalayan maples are but a few of the species contained in this natural garden. Fittingly, orchids find Phulchowki favourable, for Phulchowki means the ‘place of flowers.’ Here, in a subtropical or warm temperate climate, 529 species of plants (as listed by a government publication) are to be found. 100 Essential English Reader Book 6