Dhammapada(2)

rmwdum. vwd rf ihJ g 1/ e'd ge;f u-p 2/ omrm0wD.0w¬Kcef> - 1 (u) OawecGefa[mfcH> tausmif>c&m. 2 ( c ) aCmouoaX>ausmif>c&m. 6 ( * ) OawecGefrdzk&m>wef 0gokv'wåma'0D. ausmif>c&m. 15 (C) OawecGefrdzk&m>wef rm*@Da'0D. ausmif>c&m. 17 ( i ) OawecGefrdzk&m>wef omrm0wD.a'.0D. ausmif>c&m. 18 ( p ) rm*@Da'.0D. usrf.wuJkif omrm0wDwGrf. a0G>oD;oDwuJkifxm>ausmif>c&m. 22 (q) toDtrGefw&m>awm. ausmif>c&m. 29 3/ ukrÇaCmou0w¬Kcef> 36 4/ pVl yEu¦ 0wK¬ ce>f 43 5/ Amveu©wåoCFk|0w¬Kcef> 53 6/ r[muóy0wK¬ ce>f 57 7/ yrwåmrwå a'Go[m,u0w¬Kcef> 61 8/ rC0wK¬ ce>f 66 9/ tnw&bdu©K0w¬Kcef> 84 10/ e*d r0gowD ód aw&¬ 0wK¬ ce>f 90

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(*) erf;? owd>azhwrdk;? owd>uJkifjyif>oGL/ aoee;f eeD m> wa&>ig.,iH g. u½>kd aem0>f piJ ;f piJ ;f ao ee;f ar;G awm0;f ? wazi>f 'sm.oLG ? rO.f ,.l piJ ;f piJ ;f wiJ f o.DG p,k m. pk at.pk q.D p'k sm.oLG ? rO.f zvxD iJ ;f xiJ ;f ,i;f aem0>f taqmG >h yeJOf. \"mwfupzHk.'sm.wJif twa&> t,Haem0f> tJOfaxm0f; oGL/ uGyfaem0f>r> aoeef;eDem> wa&>ig.,Hig.u½dk>e0f> [Jh>'sm. aouGifu,f'sm.oGL? we>w0f;tref.twGdKif>wJif [>hJ Am.awm0;f ,.l v>aoee;f ? aoer;f ? [>hJ Am.'sm. wazi>f er;f xm>oLG ? AKdGe,f tkd wKdGi>f opk &uJ ?f ynk u&d ,d m. xm>rm>aem0>f [KG eif r;f awm? ,.l awm;xm>,y>f ? 'pk &uJ xf m>rm>aem0>f ,.l awm;xm>,kd> xm>us ,l.xm>aoeef;xm>eJKif; aem0f>rsKd> aem0f> [Jh>awm0f;t,l.v>? taeerf;? taoeef;? [Jh>'sm. taouGifu,f? twazif>erf;xm>oGL/ vdk>urm>'kp&Jufref;ors,dk [Jh>Am.'sm. t,l.v> awm0f;xm>? tawif>w0f;xm>? uGifu,fxm>? aoerf; awm0;f xm>oLG ? ,ekd 0>f ]yrm'}oabm>f z.kH oLG ? azi>f er;f wrG .f aoerf; (,l.v>?aoeef;)u½dk>aem0f> atm0f.vdk.uG,f>ysm> aoem. pJif;pJif;eJKif;,dktwGdKif>oGL? owd>uJkifw0f;? aoeef; rJOf.rJOf. a[m0fvJha[m0ftwGdKif>? a[m0fawm0f;vJh a[m0f awm0f;twGdKif> ao,l.v>r>oGL/

(C) eKJ i;f aem0>f r> a[m0vf ahJ [m0tf avmG u>f rm>vOG >f ae; vGOf>? yknud&d,m.xm>rm>zHk. xGmaEGmif>oGL? a[m0fawm0f; vJh a[m0fawm0f;tavGmuf> aosmif.'kp&Jufxm>rm>zHk. xGm aEmG i>f oLG ? w,.f aosmi.f 'pk &uJ f A>v>r*zf vkd .f uok vkd r.f re.f ors,kd azi>f er;f uiG uf ,f w½KdGU>awm0;f ? aoee;f rm>ta[m0?f aoee;f aosmi.f tuikJ uf ½>kd 'g. xm>aoer;f re.f ,wkd Am. tOG .f Am. tuwl.vGOf;vGOf;oGL/ uGyfaem0f>r> tyÜrm' ,dkwyg>aem0f> ta&>wefig. tausmi>f uok vkd .f t&e;f &e;f a0>G xmG txs> t½;DG tausmi>f ae;wGrf.0w¬Koufao. t&ef;&ef; tyGKwfyGKwfwJif aAG.rswf bk&m> a[mf>NcJKif;avG>cg>oGL/ Oyrm. - rC0wK¬ uukd paem0>f w,.f ppOG .f aoee;f zsifwzl> ukodkvf.t&ef;&ef; xGmyGHK.oGL? omrm0wD.0w¬Kudk upe0>f w,.f ppOG .f aoee;f em.w&m> uyvf .l orG >f ? yYkd>yom arwmå . xmG yKHG .oLG ? pVl yEu¦ 0wK¬ uukd pe0>f w,.f ppOG .f ao eef;usyfvdwf? aoeef;ydwfAGm aAmh>vJh>vGOfyGHK.oGL? tnw& bdu©K0w¬Kudkupaem0f> w,f.ppGOf. aoeef;tm;xkwfarG; w&m>oGL/ aoeef;trsKd>rsKd>zHk.tudk aoeef;'ge aoeef;oDrsKd> aem0>f w;J whJ t&e;f [;H zKdG .wiJ f t.D aoem.x>G aEmG i>f v'G sm.oLG ? bm0em.xm>rm>aem0>f q;kH qwhJ iJ f t.D aoee;f Am.eKJ i;f rikJ >f u½>kd

( i) aem0>f cikJ .f acgG U>ig.oLG ? rO.f aoee;f 'g.yg bm0em.r> tyrÜ m' w&m>,dk t&ef;oGwf>iuD aAGpGKrf.tDaEGmif>oGL/ uyG af em0>f r> aoee;f tD bm0em.te,>f aem0>f aom>h az.yg,if; bm0em. aig0f;uvFm.u@ tGdK;tyÜrm'0*f t oGwf>udkoGL? bm0em.aig0f;uvFm.aem0f.twGdKif> ½Gpf½GpfwJif ,.l vOG >f tausmi>f c&m.e0>f [>hJ aoee;f bm0em.xm>rm>oLG ? a[m0&f m>re.f &m>twKdGi>f rO.f aoee;f veG KJi;f ,rkd > avmG u>f c&m. aosmif.c&m.zHk.,dk avGmuf>rk>aosmif.rk> xGmvGOfoGL/ uyG ef 0>f r> uok vkd .f re.f ors,kd tyrÜ m'w&m> ygvOG ;f vOG ;f tausmi>f ua[m>f e,pf iJ ;f 'g. w&m>yKG wtf &e;f &e;f u tGOf.pk$cOf;0if>zHk.,dk [Jh>Am.cef; ]]tyÜrm'}}oGL? ]]tyÜrm'}} ]]xm>aoeef;ref.}} ]]xm>aoerf;}} ]]xm>wazif>erf;w0f;}} ]]xm>,.l v>}}u½>kd aem0>f aem0>f twKdG i>f z.kH oLG ? ut.D wrJ ;f av>G 0wK¬ z.kH ,kd wrJ ;f yKHG .e,>f aem0>f ]]0wK¬ tOJ .f ? w&m>er;f ? teuf yt0kd .f ? wuJ wf eG >f ao>cg>}}AKdGeyf ,D i;f ]],ru0*}f } (1358)Am. aeif.twGdKif>oGL/ wyKGwwf rG .f wyKGwuf kd aoee;f yKHG.tzKdG.txkd t&e;f csi>f AGdKefawm0f;0if>u½dk>e0f>vJh tD.xD.Am.vGoGL? oif;[ef.om. xD.ar.cdk;wjcm aoeef;awm xm>ref.wJif v>oGL;r*fzdkvf. ÓPf.vJh ygaomh>oGL? yDaem0f>twGdKif> uGyfxm>aoeef;rJOf. wJif v>vGavmuD> avmukwå&m.csrf>om. b0,dkb0ig

( p) csrf>om.zHk.aem0f>vJh 0w¬KzHk.udk tD.armh>Am.vGoGL/ 0wK¬ z.kH ukd rwcf &m. awmi>f c&m. w>k eKJ i;f c&m. A[ok k w trsKd>rsKd>zHk.vJh atm0f.ygaomh>aAGoGL? pm;,dkzHk.aem0f> ,H awmi>f cg>aEmG i>f wiJ f aom>h az.yg &vD LG >c&m.tce>f wce>f oLG ? &DvGLcef>udk rD.ajz.aEGmif>vdk>wJ;vJh ,Husig.vJOf;oGL/ ae;xl.em.cH. oGOfxl.vGAm. tyÜrm'w&m>$cOf;Al. t yGKwfyGKwf,dkwJif ]]xm>aoerf;}} ]]xm>aoeef;}}u½dk>aem0f> xm>wrJkif>? ta&>wefwsmrJkif>? eDerf;wef,dk vdk>wazif>eJY? vdk>aoerf;eJY aocsmoGLerf; yigy&m>wJif ,H'Jh>xl.aEGmif>vG aoGmh avmuD>avmukwf b0,dkb0ig csrf>om.? ae;wGrf. xm>aoerf;? xm>aoeef; tyÜrm'w&m>rswf,dktausmif> qk>awmif> wJufwGef>&D;Am.wsm,dkoGL/ au>Z>l qyaf v>G rKdG;aA.G zgaA.G q&m.aA.G yap>ö aumv.l uyf'g. 'g.,um.cdkrl.oD; ae;wGrf.vdwftkyf,dkoGL/ Ä azi>f er;f vpG uf i>f ? aopKdGU>re.f ? csr>f om.v>vi>f vG aoGmhMo / aA.G AeG bf 'E´ vÅ uP© omrd at;apwDvdwfoGOfwGdKuf a0if>awmif.uD> ( 13 - 4 - 2016 )

c'k u´ eud m,f usr>f rsw\"f ry® ' 1 earm wó b*0awm t&[awm or®morÁKó tyrÜ m'0*vf OG f omrm0wD. 0w¬Kcef> yKdGi;f 0KdGUwrG .f ar.c;kd oD rzd &k m>wef omrm0w.D o;D pKdG>wiJ f topD KdG >? treG pf KdG >? w&m>xmG ttD reG pf KdG > ,xH mG treG pf KdG > tm; xkwfyGHK. pkaygif>,dkvpf>udpö ua[mf>ys>e,f'g. ]]tyÜrma'g trwH y'H }}w,.f txs> w&m>o*HG g.xm.,kd ayg.vOG f Am.oLG / w&m>,kd o*HG g.xm.aem0>f uyG yf KdGi;f 0KdGUwrG .f omrm0w.D oD;pGdK> ayg.aygufvGOfwJif [Jh>zeftrOf> ]]omrm0wD.}}0w¬K oLG ? uyG af em0>f r> yKdGi;f 0KdGUwrG .f w&m>,kd o*HG g.xm.wiJ f atm0.f vdk.aopJif; rdzk&m>wef omrm0wD. b0yef,dktausmif>? yg wrG .f a0>G zgvLG ; aCmouoaX>wetf ausmi>f ? a0>G vr;f om; OaweceG af [mcf >H tausmi>f ? a0>G &e.f zuf a0>G o>G zuf rzd &k m> werf m*@wD rG .f 0govk 'wmå .a'.0.D o;D z.kH tausmi>f ? rm*@.D usrf.oDa0G>wGrf. a0G.0G#fvD>zHk.tausmif>aem0f>oGL/ uyG yf KdG ;aem0>f r> pm;aem0>f z.kH aem0>f vhJ ttOJ .f tOJ .f ay. t.D wrJ ;f jcyef ,af v>G tce>f yigy&m>xLG r> t.D tOG .f owG >f wig avG>wGrf. tyÜrma'g trwH y'H - up toDpGdK> trGefpGdK> w&m>awm.aem0f>oGL/

2 omrm0wD.0w¬Kcef> OawecGefausmif>c&m. cg;vm; b&k m>a*gwr uyiG >f ced .f aem0>f tÒuycÜ r;f ceG af [mcf >H a0X'yD ucr;f ceG af [mcf >H a0>G o;D 0i>f e,D kd q&m.ay. cgvAhJ KdG e0f i>f ? xKdG i.f xmG ceG af [mcf >H uvkd hJ cKdG >cKdG >arm>h c;JG takH tm0.f aAi.f a&m0;f v0G i>f oLG ? x.D x.D ig.v>kd z.kH vLG ;vG jzm;vG ovD wG iJ f a0>G o;D v>o.H a0.G AikJ af v>G vG &ao>h &[e>f tokH wi>f oKHG >av>G cef;aumifudk wyg>waumifaumifoGL/ tpcgudkaem0f> wuGdKU>vm wowif>aem0f>wvJif. wvJif. armh>cGJ;axhao.em;vG0if>oGL? uG,f.awGmh> irf;xGm tD'g. rGef;aysm.oG>cG tpG,f>jc>,kwfwrsKd>wJif qJkif>udke0f> wyg>wrG .f wyg> cr.f arm>h c;JG 'KG r0f i>f oLG ? totD reG f ,aH ox>G v0G i>f aem0>f owrf wcf g>ae;wrG .f ar.atm.f av wavawm0;f oGL/ we>D cg a0X'yD u&ao>h ys.H veG .f ig&;D awmG >h uyG af 0>G aA.G tutH usi>f wiJ f a0>G aA.G av>G uKG wcf e;f wewH e>f c>kd wef wjzm> oGL? xD.cGKef>csmcef; b0&D;awGmh> a0G>vif>armh>cGJ;cGKef>,if; o>G a[m0tf Òuy&Ü ao>h a0>G &aD ½mG iaf v>G ce;f v.kd &m> upd aö y. wefoGL/ qi.f z.kH azsmvf OG f at.aAm>h v>hJ ig.xm> [wG >f watmif ig.[.H aoAm.ce;f eKJ i;f e0>f oLG ? e0>f wiJ f tÒuy&Ü ao>h twm. wewH eef 0>f az.tyvf .l we>f ao>cg>ce;f qiqf iJ .f &m>wed .f $z>D oGHvD;wNzHK.wGrf. qifqJif.&m> rEÅmef.,HoGH*g.xm.oGL/

c'k u´ eud m,f usr>f rsw\"f ry® ' 3 w$zD>w*g.xm.aem0f> rD.'Hk.rD.½GpfwJif qifzHk.xGm;csm AKG e.f 'KG rf aouzi;f voG LG ? w$z>D w*g.xm.,i;f aem0>f r.D '.kH r.D &GpfwJif qif.zHk.xGm;csmxGm;csm zif;xdk>nm>vGAm.oGL/ w$z>D w*g.xm.,i;f aem0>f r.D '.kH r.D ½pG wf iJ f qitf acgi>f wAm. tGOf.aumif.tiif; azsmfaxhAm. eDxs>oGL? ]],dkoGHrsKd> aA.G v.kd &m> oKHG>'sm.aomG aA.G }}avm0;f xLG 0ikJ .f or;f wiJ f wewH evf hJ cKG e>f csmce;f 'sm. ci.f vr;f oLG ? tÒuy&Ü ao>h vhJ ae;wrG .f wed .f aem0f> 0g;xdk>qif tHkatm0f.avG>cef;'sm.oGL/ aem0>f twiG >f aumor.DÁ cr;f ceG af em0>f ceG yf &l EyÅ oÜ LG ? cGefwGrf.rdzk&m> tHkwif;nD>0if> ,mcdk;udktwGif> rdzk&m>xl. $cKd i;f ce;f ceG qf iJ >f wewf Esm.wrG .f pol KdG U>oLG ? tm.&iJ >f wsmqif iw>f Am. tm.uoe'f g. 0g;qiwf Am. xi;f 'sm.pOd .f wiJ }f } aosm0;f udyf>xl.avG>cef; eif>rdzk&m> a0G>tcif.rD.cg.udkoGL/ ]]w&d päme.f rsK>d ,kd ir;f v>kd aig0;f wiJ f acrG .D ajcm0af ig0;f r>hJ tOG .f xohJ 'D g.v>kd ? a0>G r.D wKdG .oLG t.H t>G ci.f vr;f urkd > acaG jcm0f apmG >h v>kd aig0;f aem0>f t.D ar;G }}ei>f rzd &k m>whJ uyG yf nm.atm0.f wiJ f pÍöm>avG>cef;eJKif;aem0f>oGL/ 0g;qivf hJ azsmcf KG e>f ce;f takH tm0.f ci.f vr;f anmi.f rLG ; wefavmif;wJif 0g;oD;xGHK>pH.twGdKif> xGm;cGKef>icsmcef;xm> oGL? aem0f>twGif> rdzk&m>wJh NcDvdk>aig0f; wA>apGmh>plwJif 0g;qifvJh zif;nm>cef;'sm.oGL/

4 omrm0wD.0w¬Kcef> rLG ;vEhJ KdG U u,dk .f 0eG .f urZ® wv>D vhJ ½ikJ >f woKdG ;? cr;f wef vahJ vmwh iJ f w[mvKG r;f rzd &k m>vpG rf ahJ Ai.f oLG ? rzd &k m>aem0>f cr;f vahJ ig0>f ? tm.½.kH vvhJ OG ?f yvkd vhJ LG ;zgG > ,okd yHG g> oKdG pOG .f wced .f csif>oGL? e0f>wJif armif.ay.,dke0f> crf;Owk wjcmaumif aqmi.f Owk tm.½.kH Owk ae;wrG .f Owok yHG g> uyG vf LG ;zgG >vOG wf iJ f [>hJ zeaf v>G ce;f a0>G trO>f ]]Oawearmi.f }}aem0>f oLG / tÒuy&Ü ao>h uowi>f oKHG >vhJ t&yaf em0>f u'kd sm. &i>f oLG ? cr;f rO.f avmch >G aem0>f a0>G aA.G xrk .f '>hJ 'KG rf t'.D t&m. xkrf.wGrfxm>qGwf> 'GdK.$cLtG>'sm. xm>qGwf>xDao.em;oGL? Oawearmif. uvGL;zGg>eD>vJh uGyfcrf;avmhxGLwJif a0G>aAG. xkrf.wGrfxm>qGwf>wGif> [GKefcef;atmifiJaig0f;oif.oGL/ xGdKif.xGm;iuD xD.rdzk&m> anmif.rGL;avmif;awGmh> apmG >h wu&f aD &mG ivf cG e;f 0i>f tausmi>f c&m.oLG ? ceG cf KdG>csi>f csi>f 'sm. ei>f rzd &k m>xKdGi.f aowiJ f cr.f w0;f o.D vELG . u,kd .f usi>f uikJ f eKJi;f eKJi;f 0i>f awmG >h rzd &k m>vhJ tnkH >D ce;f 'sm.&ao>h xs>oLG ? &ao>h vhJ ae;wrG .f tt.H t>G vLG ;r;DG apmi;f aosmuaf v>G ce;f rzd &k m>o;D wrGdK;ydkoGL/ wGdK.weD>wJif ]]acG,dk avG>oJif>wzl>vJh rao? &ao>h r.D x>kd zr>hJ ewD rKdG;ykd t.D oAD m.v}G }rzd &k m>,.l eKJi;f aem0>f awmG >h rzd &k m> uOG uf >rAO.f wAO.f ,m;uikJ af v>G ce;f &ao>h o.D vwiJ f &aoh>wGrf.rdzk&m> xGmvGOfcef;0if> wrm0g>oGL/

c'k u´ eud m,f usr>f rsw\"f ry® ' 5 we>D cg &ao>h xKdG i.f x.D aumor.DÁ a[mcf >H y&l EyÅ Ü ceG f euw© Ef LG .wiJ f a'g>h e,cf e;f rzd &k m>? ]]y&l EyÅ cÜ eG f p.H vOJ ;f wecH r;f }} tausmi>f c&m.oLG ? ]]acyG ckd kd r.D atm0.f 'sm. ee>f uekd 0>f xmG Am. cGef? vJif.,dk acGydkcdkwm. oGKrf>vJOf;'sm.}}rdzk&m>vJh iGdK;aumh> cef;xm> eJKif;aem0f>oGL/ aem0>f wiJ f &ao>h vhJ tyaf z.ce;f Oawearmi.f qif wed .f qi*f g.xm.awmG >h xOG .f pr;f oyof OG ef ,af z.ce;f we>D wrsK>d oGHeD>aAGaAGoGL? aem0f>xGLwJif ]]Oawearmif. atm0f.,dk ,H oiJ >f xmG aomG ch eG f Am&mPo.D cr;f }}tausmi>f xOG .f ce;f rzd &k m> a'g>h az.tyokd LG ? rzd &k m>vhJ [>hJ vOG yf ckd dk a'g>h e,cf e;f Am&mPo.D cr;f r>l rwzf .kH rO>f tyaf v>G ce;f ceG qf iJ >f wef wEsm.wrG .f pol KdG U> wAm.oGL/ Oawearmif.vJh &aoh>uoGOftwGdKif> ae;wGrf.qif wdef. pk&Grfcef;qif&G,f.rJOf. Am.wa&ifoGL? pk½GrfoJif>yg ypöEÅ &mZ'f kH v>kd aum0g.oem. t&m.om;z.kH awmG >h oiJ >f &.H ccl e;f a0i>f aumor.DÁ ]]az.cr;f eYJ? wKdG u>f c>eYJ}}au.nm.axch e;f a0i>f ukd eJKif;aem0f>oGL/ r>l rwzf .kH vhJ ]]a0>G ,kd y&l EyÅ Ü ceG yf ckd pkd pJ pf pJ 'f sm.}}tausmi>f x.D Am.qiJ >f wef wEsm.wrG .f pol KdG U> aopiJ ;f vcG e;f 'sm. tc&m. wiJ f aAmG iaf z.vcG e;f wcg>? bad ouaf z.vcG e;f ceG tf &m.awmG >h Oawearmi.f ,kd xmG vOG cf e;f aumor.DÁ cr;f ceG af [mcf >H aem0>f

6 omrm0wD.0w¬Kcef> oGL/ OawecGef,dk qJkif>wJif rdzk&m>wef atm0f.oGHjzm> ]]0govk 'wmå .? rm*@.D ? orm0w.D }}o;D z.kH oLG ? a0>G aA.G cr;f ukd oaX>weuf qYk>d v.l 'g. aA.G b&k m>ausmi>f wKdGuvf hJ atm0.f ojHGzm> ]]aCmou? ukuúK#? yg0g&du}}eJKif;aem0f>zHk.oGL/ OawecGeftausmif>c&m. xGLvJOf;,dkoGL/ aumorÁD.crf; oaX>wef aCmou tausmif>c&m. tÒuyÜcrf;ol> armh>vG'kAÇdu© tH.ruyfwJif yg>rOf> ]aumw[l vud }wjzm>aem0>f wrG .f rmwrG .f yakd y.qm; zi;f xe.f axah v>G aumor.DÁ cr;f oLG ? wz>l avmi;f p&yd vf Ykd yi.f ye>f vvG hJ yckd akd y.aem0>f eKJ i.f ce;f AKdG e.f awm0;f rm0g>qiJ .f v.l vikJ .f av>G 0i>f oLG ? wKdG .wviJ .f yakd y.qm;rahJ Ai.f zgpul wkd iG >f zgaxrG KdG ;z>hJ csm eKJ i.f ce;f aw>h tOG .f aAi.f cg>ao> yckd akd y. aoi.f NyKH .z>hJ v aoi.f vm.avmif;oGL/ trKdGi;f xKdGi.f ao av>G x.l csmcKG e>f vhJ yckd akd y.qm; oxD >kd ,if;'sm. wzl>avmif;udkoGL? zgaAG.aem0f> uGyfeJKif.cef;awh> Am. yckd akd y.qm;wiJ f wKdG .b0ig t.D c.H Am.qikJ >f 0#G f 0i>f eKJ i.f ce;f EwG >f viJ .f u½>kd aem0>f xmG ;igaomG h a0>G 0wK¬ ukd tKdG ;igo>l aem0>f oGL/

c'k u´ eud m,f usr>f rsw\"f ry® ' 7 atm0.f aem0>f a0>G o;D rm0g> wKdG .azsmzf ;kd vLG ;om;vr;f ? z;kd vLG ;om; r*vF m.az. z;kd rLG ;wAm.te>D oLG ? z;kd vLG ;om; vr;f ,kd yapuö A'k g¨.wyg> uR>vOG af o.em;pKGr.f e>D wiJ f uyyf apuö A'k g¨. orG >f r*vF m.xLG wiJ f ae;wrG .f axm>h ywEf KG r>f EKG r>f awmG >h vLG ;r;DG avG>&D;cef; aumwl[vduoD;rm0g> 'JOfeJOf;xDoGL/ rmr.l aem0>f er;f wm.t.H aq>h aq>h ? tOG .f a&>'sm.t0g> oGL? t0g>vJh uGyftH.rEGwf>eD>vGKrf;wJif tH.rD.rGdK>cef;'sm.oGL? aem0>f xLG vr;f aA.G xKdGi.f t.D t.H vr;f aA.G vLG ;i&;D x.DG rLG ;uaAi.f xm> cGHK.zJh>vwJif ]]xGD.rGL;,dk bGHK>uH.wefwJ;arG;arGmh}} aum wl[vdu epfoufawh>cef;eJKif;aem0f>oGL/ aumwl[vdu,dk uGyftH.rD.rGdK> tqm.au.aEGmif> awm0;f 'KG raf wmG >h oaD jymi>f ce;f t[maem0>f ? uKG wrf ;kd ce;f 'sm. a0>G uepof uaf w>h 'sm. x.DG rLG ;aem0>f [Ykd>uokd LG ? rmr.l vohJ *sKØ[.f 0g>cdkxGdKif.xGL tH.pif;erf; zdk;vGL;om;vrf; v>[lwpv,f. 'GdK.vl.uyfavG> yapöuAk'¨g.awGmh> a0G.az.cef;t0g> ukodkvf. trsoGL/ aem0>f xLG ]]ac,G kd v.l c&m.atm0.f atm0.f watm0.f atm0.f awm0;f acrG .D tvkH r;f ,akd em0>f 0ikJ .f Am. epof uAf m.ysKpk Am. yapuö A'k g¨ .pKG r.f e>D wiJ f uok vkd .f ymG >ao.em;pKG r.f e>D }},.l eKJ i;f aem0>f awmG >h trmaem0>f rm>er;f v>kd pi;f tnkH >D av>G ce;f z;kd vLG ; om;vrf;oGL/

8 omrm0wD.0w¬Kcef> 0g>cvkd hJ v>av>G ovl mEwG >f vmwiJ f atm0.f x.DG rLG ;[Ykd> udk zGg>vif>cef; xGD.xD;ay.oGL? zdk;vGL;om;vJh yif>oJif>ao. em; yapuö A'k g¨ . tKdG;vr;f we>D evD iJ .f oLG ? av>G yi>f wKdGi>f x.DG x;D ay.vhJ ygav>G ao.em; wq;D 0g;x>kd yg wz>l aomi&f i>f xm>om; ½GdKif>zHk.oGL/ z;kd vLG ;om; av>G yi>f zikJ .f awm0;f tviJ .f tOG .f p>G x.DG x;D ay. av>G yi>f oiJ >f oLG ? ayg.av>G wiJ vf hJ xmG ;eKJ i;f taA.G twKdG i>f t.l NcaD vmu>f vu>f 0g;x>kd ce;f xm>om;½KdGi>f z.kH wz>l aomi&f i>f z.kH oLG ? azsmaf usmi>f uwkd iJ f t.l NcaD z.tcsuf yapuö A'k g¨ . azsmf wiJ vf hJ tOG qf >ig yi>f oiJ >f wKdG .az.ce;f tKdG ;vr;f uokd LG ? uyG rf m> ao.em;eKJ i;f ,wkd iJ f yapuö A'k g¨ .avmi;f x.DG x;D ay.,kd xmG vOG f cef; xm>&uf xm>rGdKwfoGL/ we>D cg yapuö A'k g¨ . v.kd q>oueF >f qeuf aD umi.f ui.f uR>av>G r;kd ce;f *Er¨ m'eaumiof LG ? x.DG x;D ,kd atm0.f z>hJ csmxmG ; vOG >f ? xKdGi.f x.D x>G 'KG raf wmG >h EvS >kH o>&m.y>vD oaD jymi>f x>kd ce;f oLG ? xi.f uKG waf wm wm0woð m.weH acR.&.H r.l wa&itf cg. udkoGL/ uGyfxGD.xD.b0udk tl.NcDum.uG,f. ul.nD.az.Am. yapöuAk'¨g.wGufwJif a0G>a'gh>aig0f;e0f> oif.aAGxH ok'óe weaH 0i>f ,.l Zem.waomi>f vKGr;f uwkd iJ f a0>G vhJ trO>f wiG .f ce;f ]]weaH Cmou-weaH ig0;f oi.f }}eKJ i;f aem0>f oLG /

c'k u´ eud m,f usr>f rsw\"f ry® ' 9 Ä u.JG awmG >h a0>G c.H pm>r.D rKdG >um.r*Pk .f atm0.f azi>f t.H weMHo.Zm.awmG >h orD KdG i<fuKd i,f i;f wviJ .f vi>f uKG wf axch e;f aumor.DÁ a0i>f jynwhf eqf mr.l [Ykd>uokd LG ? or;f zgG >vOG f tcdkb0oGHK>avG>,if; jynfhwefqmudk wxGmawm0f;wJif rGdK; rl.xGOf.oGOf;rl. avG>eJKif.cef;aomh>a0G> tGdK;xm>tD.NyHK.udkoGL/ uyG xf mG x.DG x;D b0 u.D nKd .ysKpAk m. yapuö A'k g¨ .tusK>d wiJ f x.DG apmu>f tm.z.kH av>G jc>AKGe.f awm0;f a0>G ? tnkH m>t.l a&mif vGcef;oGL? aem0f>wGif> yg>wjzm>xD.wJif o>&ufonif>ayg. awGmh> wGrfxl.vGL;avG>cef;'sm. a0G>aem0f>oGL/ Ä te>D aem0>f aem0>f aumor.DÁ oaX>wjzm>vhJ ]v>kd uzgG > [e.f e>D xmG aEmG i>f oaX>we}f yak &m[wd f a[m>f az. eKJi;f aem0>f oLG ? aem0>f wiJ f ax&OG wf a&if xOG .f oOG ;f r.l xrk .f ajz> vdk>ay. zGg>[ef.eD>awGmh> v>vGOfcef;a0G>? a0G>azsmfawmcef; aumorÁD.oaX>vrf;udkoGL/ awmif>ao> = trikJ f (Ä) ,zkd .kH aem0>f cr.f Am.0#G f 0i>f eKJ i.f ce;f tvJif>aygif> (7)vJif.oGL/

10 omrm0wD.0w¬Kcef> ]]yvkd LG ;,wkd jzm>e0>f acrG mer;f avmi;f weof >l rO.f zgG > tr.l actG .D r*vF m.az.a0>G ? rO.f zgG >tckd actG .D rm>oaD 0>G }}oaX> a&.&G,f.avG>eJKif;aem0f>oGL? cg.eDoGHeD> oaX>rmorf;vGL;zGg> yckd wkd iJ f yvkd LG ;a0>G aem0>f z;kd z.kH ,uH ,r;f oaD wmG >h xOG .f oOG ;f r.l yomaxzh ;kd jc?H tOG .f vi>f cg>ao> z;kd wazgG i>f igG uokd LG ? z;kd acgi>f xe.f i&;D ae;wrG .f ci.f vp>f yif &uJ y>f cg>az.awmG >h oxD mG w0;f ? z;kd xoD m;x.D wiJ f z;kd woD m; x.l vLG ;awm,i;f a0>G wviJ .f oLG / Ä oaX>aem0>f ajz>x.l vOG >f ,i;f wrG .f &OG wf a&i?f xOG .f av>G tOG .f cs.cg>awmvikJ .f avmwz>l ajcmiuf okd LG ? rLG ; a&m0f>apm0f; avmom;pGdK> xGdKif.xef.avG>awGmh> avmacgif> tOG if g wKdG.av>G v>kd ay.uatm0.f uwkd iJ f z;kd av>G ig'KG r?f zi;f xe.f xef.xdk>wzl> 0g;igvJh v>awm0f;oGl? tm.½Hk.xGdKif.xef. avm acgi>f x.D awmG >h avmacgi>f x.l vLG ; awm,i;f a0>G wviJ .f oLG / Ä oaX>aem0>f ajz>xLG .vOG >f ,i;f wrG .f &OG wf a&i?f xOG .f eJKif.aomh>awm vdk>oDoif;cJif>udk wNyHK.cg.oGL? uGyfa0G>uD. ndK.ysKpkAm. yapöuAk'¨g.tusKd>wJif bDvl>xGD.apmuftm.zHk. jc>axhAGKef.awm0f;a0G>oGL/ AJzHk. xGdKif.avG>w½s>oif;cJif> AJrGL;wAm. tH.tqm. xD.a0G>wJif tGOf.eJOf;az.cef; eJOf;xDoGL? aem0f>wJif AJwDom; xD.? AJwDom; xl.vGL;awm;,if;a0G> wvJif.oGL/

c'k u´ eud m,f usr>f rsw\"f ry® ' 11 Ä oaX>aem0>f xOG .f ajz>x.l vOG >f ,i;f wrG .f &OG wf a&i?f xOG .f eKJ i.f aom>h ,i;f wceG >f om;ajcmu>f uokd LG ? vi>f atm0.f 'i.f 0g.rLG ;em xm>rLG ;,KdG i.f 'KG eaf vmi;f wiJ f xm>aqi.f xiJ of m; vOG xf .l i.f 0g. [KG evf >kd ay.aig0;f awmG >h xm>aqi.f om; armh> xl.vGL;avG>,if;a0G> wvJif.oGL/ Ä oaX>aem0f> ajz>xl.vGOf>,if; wGrf.&GOfwa&ifwJif a0G>azsmfoJif>,if; oaX>wefvrf;oGL? oaX>usrf. ovD hJ ro?D yKdGi.f yKdGi.f wevf > trO.f emr[>hJ wiG .f vOG >f ]]aCmo uarmi.f }}oLG ? a0>G ,kd oaX>ruhJ kd yxD m>q.l aqm>h oaX>xmG ; wJh>wJh>igwJh v>w0f;oGL? e0f>wJif oaX>yomrdk;axhoG> zKdG i>f zYkd>oom;xs> ]]rm>oxD LG aom>h zKdG i>f ukd zYkd>a&m>f aomG zh KdG i>f atmifudk}}tausmif>oGL/ a0>G y&kd i>f awm.ayiof KG r>f awmG >h xOG .f awmarmi.f aCm ouawm.az.? a0>G y&kd i>f av>G r;kd az.awm zKdGi>f zUkd>om;xs>oLG ? aem0>f wiJ f a0>G y&kd i>f c.H Am.awmrm>oD zYk>d a&m>f zKdGi>f atmiuf okd LG / Ä oaX>aem0>f a0>G xmG vOJ ;f wmG ,vkd hJ tOG .f xLG r'g. xmG ; armi.f aCmou aqm>h rihJ g.wiJ f ]]rm>oxD LG wiJ f eKJ i.f aomh>aoGmh at.atmifudk}}tausmif> wJrf;vdwftGOf.[GJaz. aCmouarmi.f uOG >f avmi;f ? xOG .f av>G az.ax,h i;f 'wkH ½sm> pm.a&.wefxs>oGL/ aCmouvJh oaX>uxGOf.twGdKif> wzl>avmif; EKdG Ut.H aAi.f ax'h akH wm>f oaX>vr;f w[moLG ? oaX>yrkd .l vr;f

12 omrm0wD.0w¬Kcef> ,vkd hJ b0&;D xmG Am.zkd aCmouarmi.f vr;f om;r.l ? v.l uyf au.ndK.½dk.ao.Am. yapöuAk'¨g.wJif uGKwfrdk;Am. oaX>vrf;? opJ [f KG eaf Cmouarmi.f trO>f vhJ p,G >f jc>oLG ;ce;f A>qwG >f c;D udkoGL/ uyG ef 0>f r> armi.f aCmou rahJ Ai.f wiG >f t0.f vr;f EwG >f xyaf vmi;f uD vi>f xmG ;a,mi.f aw>h x.D vwd wf iJ f txD i.f ci.f vr;f u?kd zwxf mG ;aw>h awmG >h aoAm.ce;f tc&m.oLG ?aem0>f wiJ f a0G>wJrf;ajymif>awh>awm eJKif;,dkoGL? ]]aCmouarmif.,dk 'Hkw½sm>pm.a&.wef ae;wGrf.'Hkw½sm> vufaqmif.pGKrf.awGmh> ,Hr*Fvm.avG>az.aoGmh wGrf.'Hkawmf>oaX>ydkrl.? 'Hkxm.0udk qYkd>az.aomG h vr;f exD y?f p.D pOJ .f az.ygaomG h vr;f 0iJ >f wrG .f vrk ;f AO.f a&>om;aem0>f xLG wiJ f yomcsmaomG oh wi>f tausmi>f oLG / aCmouarmi.f vhJ aAi.f xKdG i.f t.H xLG av>G yomce;f vwd f 'wkH ½sm>pm.a&>wexf s>oLG ? pm.a&>wevf hJ vwd f utkd wKdGi>f r*vF m.az. armi.f aCmou aqmi.f &uG pf KHG.vi.f xLG wiJ f aqmif.½Guforsaem0f> ausmif>usm>axhcGKef>cef; aumorÁD. oaX>wexf s>oLG ? aumor.DÁ oaX>vhJ ]]acuG xOG .f aem0>f w xGmawm0f;? wxGOf.awm0f;r> arGmhxGmwGdK;,dk}}o>udk,l.yuf 'sm.wz>hJ ? yckd &kd i>f oaD jymi>f r>k eud pf u'f sm.wz>hJ wiJ f xmG vOG cf e;f a&m.*g.oGL/ ]]acGtrGD.,dk az.aEGmif>w0f; armif.aCmou}}t ausmif> [Jh>vGOfarmif.aCmouwJif armif.aCmouoD;

c'k u´ eud m,f usr>f rsw\"f ry® ' 13 rm0g> xKdGi.f azsmaf xah 0>G pm.a&>wezf >hJ igwiJ f aig0;f w½KdGU> ajzmi;f xe.f awm ]]actG r.DG az.vYkdvYkd armi.f aCmou}} eKJ i;f aem0>f oGL? aem0f>xGLwJif oaX>jzm;vJh oDavG>cef;awGmh> Oawe ceG af [mcf >H vhJ ppk r;f tr.DG ? [>hJ vOG af Cmouo;D rm0g>? tyaf z. ce;f tr.DG wrG .f oaX>t&m.awmG >h aCmouarmi.f ,kd xmG vOG f awmcef; ]]aCmouoaX>}}aem0f>oGL/ qikJ >f we>D cgawmG >h aCmouoaX>,kd ]]zgus.H rm>oD EwG >f viJ .f atmi.f rsi.f awm0;f ? uyG af crG m,wkd iJ f acwG KdG .vOG Af m. t&e;f ,}kd }tausmi>f aox>G ce;f rmr.l xs>wrG .f oOG ;f r.l um.V.D xs>wJif ]]acGouf,dk tqif.a&mh>? v>cJkif.ig. a[m0foGKrf> ajciaf wm0;f }},.l eKJ i;f aem0>f awmG >h pKG r.f e>D v.l we>f ? az.t.H t>G avG>cef; vdk>rGjzefzHk. weD>wef.zdk> wa&ifwa&ifoGL/ qJkif>wJif aCmouoaX>,dk a0G>xGmvGOf Ak'¨bm. om. u,kd >f u,G .f vOG f &wem.oyHG g>eKJ i;f ig,okd LG ? temxyPd .f oaX>vr;f ,kd Oyok ef >D wKdG i>f v>kd ay.eOJ ;f om;up ygwrG .f oaX> erf; wvrf;vGKrf; xdef>uHvG oOfoGpf>pGKrf.jzm>oGL/ oOG ;f womwjzm> aovYkdw0;f 'KdG e;f vr;f ausmi>f c&m. Oyok ef >D av>G vyk >f xm>wiJ f t[me0>f 'KdG.vLG ;az.ce;f a0>G wjzm> wm.'sm.oLG ? 0i>f vitf .H t>G vwG 0;f a0>G xKdG i.f aoawmG >h a0>G vhJ t.H w0;f eKJ i;f eKJ i;f ? xed >f ueH KJ i;f eKJ i;f oOof pG >f wuKdGU>em>wm.oLG / wGdK.rGL;ach>em> wvD>xGdKif.[dkY>ajcUwJif oaX>az.tH. pwrk \"vl hJ ]]ir;f o>Oyok wf uKdG U>ay.,kd uikJ Ef LG .x>kd 'g.raumi;f }}

14 omrm0wD.0w¬Kcef> awmG >h cr.f t.H w0;f oLG ? e0>f wiJ f tm.½.kH vxhJ e.f a0>G ouvf vhJ Ykd avG>? avG>uGKwfawmcef; ½ku©pdk>wH>cdk>wef wjzm>oGL/ ygwGrf.oaX> aCmouawGmh> aumorÁD.oaX>wef 0if>oGH uudk,f>uG,f.'g. &aoh>iwf>½sm>vJh crf;vm wGdK.vGOf wJif t0f.[dr0EÅm. oJif>tHkaxhcef; oaX>wefoGHjzm>xs>oGL? a0>G aA.G o;D uxKdGi.f oiJ >f vOG wf z>l avmi;f twkH ,>f ,Ykd>ce;f ½uk p© >kd e0>f uei;f 'g. anmi.f rLG ;z>hJ vawmG >h a0>G aAoG ;D o>ukd v.kd &m>re.f ors ½ku©pdk>aem0f> az.vl.avG>cef;pGKrf.pGdK;oGL/ ]]½ku©pdk>a[G; - b0vD> em>rm>Am. ukodkvf.xm> rikJ >f }}uxKdGi.f &vD wG iJ f ½uk p© >kd NcKJi;f e,af wmG >h &ao>h o;D whJ aoAm. vcG e;f temxyPd .f oaX>vr;f c&m.z.kH ? &wem.oyHG g>yiG >f ayg. vGOfvJOf; c&m.zHk.oGL? &aoh>oD;zHk.vJh bk&m>yGif>vGOfvJOf;t ausmif> a0G>aAG.oD;a'gh>e,fyg a0G>aAG.oD;wum. oaX>wef oGHjzm>oGL/ a0G>aAG.oD; avG>0Jkif.axhbk&m>? em.Am.vGw&m>wJif a0>G aA.G o;D xmG vcG e;f ]]{[bd ud K© &[EmÅ .}}z.kH oLG ? a0>G aA.G o;D wum. oaX>weof jHGzm>vhJ av>G v.l we>f 0ikJ .f axvh cG e;f b&k m>? em.Am.vGw&m>wJif xGmvGcef; aomwmyef.zHk.awGmh> aum orÁD.a0if>udk qdkY>vl.vG ausmif>wGdKufwjzm>wwGdKuf? yif> owif>oGHK>vGcef; aAG.rswfbk&m> wGrf.oH.Cm.awm.zHk.oGL/ b&k m>aA.G rswvf hJ c.D arsmuof aX>weof jHGzm> v.l v>hJ ei;f awm.rl. weD>wausmif>wGdKuf vl.cH.tH.tG>awm.rl. weD>w vrf;oGL/ oaX>wef aCmouausmif>c&m. xGLvJOf;,dkoGL/

c'k u´ eud m,f usr>f rsw\"f ry® ' 15 OawecGef rdzk&m>wef 0gokv'wåmma'0D.ausmif>c&m. OaweceG pf ;kd wiG >f aem0>f OaZeÆ cD r;f ukd p@yaZmÆ wceG f atm0f.tkyfpkd>oGL? a0G>aAG.,dk cg;vm;bk&m>uyGif> xGmAm.zdk cGefay.wjzm>oGOf;oGL? yapöuAk'¨g.wyg> rm&fewfrm>wazif> v>kd trsm>v>vOG af wm0;f orG >f ceG af y.aem0>f cuJG sK.H ce;f wz>l ukd oLG ? aem0>f wiJ f tOG .f aEmG i;f awm.r.l xLG awmG >h epJ of iJ >f xmG ;ce;f 'JOf[ef.tGdK;vrf;udkoGL/ 'JOf[ef.orf;rOfcdef.wJif xGOf.toGOf;avm.avG>xl. yapuö A'k g¨ .oywd af wmG >h toOG ;f aem0>f zi;f av>G oiJ >f Am.xm> twuG f ucDG e;f q>k ]]rO.f wKdG .b0igig ,uH v>aomG h xrk ;f c&m. trKdGipf m; we>D wKdG.aEmG i>f ,.l Zem.iw>f qD oql D w½sm> w½sm> eDqD}}oGL/ zif;avG>oJif>Am. ,mcdk;vsm;udktwm. ]]b0wGdKif> wH>cdk>tm.Pm. ,Hjyif>eJKif;rGL;}}a0G>taAG. utD.a0G.az. a0G> trsaem0f> ]],Hv>tDaoGmh w&m>xl>rswf eJKif;aAG.rswfoD;}} tausmif> uGDyEéufAm.zdkeJKif;aem0f>oGL/ yEué rf >k aem0>f tv> atm0.f oOG ;f b0 uxKdGi.f xmG vOG f OaZeÆ cD r;f aA.G p@yaZmÆ wceG bf 0wiJ f a0>G aA.G yiJ .f qiJ .f vOG cf e;f xkrf;c&m. trGdKifpm;iwf>pGdK; weD>wGdK.aEGmif> ,l.Zem.iwf>qD qifrGL;wAm.? ,l.Zem.olqD oGOf;wjzm>? ,l.Zem. w½sm> aoeDAm.? ,l.Zem.w½sm>eDqD qif;wxkrf;oGL/

16 omrm0wD.0w¬Kcef> p@yaZmÆ wceG ,f kd uyG rf OJ vf >OaweceG f qirf EmÅ e.f wiJ f a0>G rm>qiAf mG w>k av>G tOG wf >H cg>ce;f wjcmuokd LG ? OaweceG f rJOfv>qifAGm uxGdKif.ajcif;qGrf> azsmfaomh>a0G> wa'gifcg> cif.vrf;udkwJif a0G>vdk>zHk. qGrf>rGefv>cef; OawecGefoGL/ tOG .f caH xmi.f uoDG OG cf e;f qirf EmÅ e.f OaweceG ½f >kd jye.f ]]0ikJ .f ae;acrG > acoG OG af z.}}tausmi>f oLG ? er;f vohJ r;f v>G 0ikJ .f xOG 0f i>f oOG vf hJ ir;f 0i>f 'g.awmG >h xOG .f oOG xf .l a0>G yrkd .l 0govk 'wmå ei>f r.l ]]r>hJ a0>G oOG xf .l awm}},.l eKJ i;f aem0>f oLG ? aem0>f vhJ or;f ir;f zsif OaweceG wf rG .f a0>G yrkd .l p,G >f jc>0i>f wiJ f az.x.D w0;f 0if> &Jae;zJkifuif; ]]oGOfxl.om;aem0f> oGOf;rl.iif;aumif.? oGOfaz.om;e0f> armif.a[G;wGwf>}}a'gh>vJOforf; eDzJh>eDacg0f; eJKif;aem0f>oGL/ oOG af z.om; oOG xf .l om;0i>f eD xKdG i.f ceG ;f v.l vikJ .f 0i>f ]]r.l ii;f aumi.f ? armi.f a[.G wwG >f }}o>vsm;vxG m>? ,KdG i.f xmG ; vzG ikJ uf i;f r> uaJG ov0G i>f c&m.oLG ? e0>f wiJ f 0i>f eaD xÓP.f zi;f x>kd xe.f awmG >h OaweceG vf hJ azsmcf smaumor.DÁ cr;f 0govk 'wåmvJh xGmvGOfcef; OawecGef rdzk&m>wyg> v>ygcef;wGrf. &H.rl.ay.wef iwf>½sm>oGL/ rdzk&m>wef 0gokv'wåma'0D.ausmif>c&m. xGL,dkoGL/

c'k u´ eud m,f usr>f rsw\"f ry® ' 17 OawecGef rdzk&m>wef rm*@Da'0D. ausmif>c&m. u½k ck r;f ukd rm*@.D yPk mÖ >o;D wrm0g>,kd yrkd .l acsm>f ,H rO>f ]]ei>f rm*@.D }}t0.f wjzm>oLG ? a0>G ,kd tzgei>f vhJ rO>f rm *@'D sm.aeaeoLG ? yrkd .l ,kd uyG wf a&>ig.awmG >h wrikJ >f az.vuf aqmif. wsmrJkif>vJh az.awm.vrf;w0f;? xGdKif.armh> aAG.rswf bk&m>r> uRKdufo>ig.wJif az.tyfcef;tydkrl. rm*@D.oGL/ aem0>f wiJ f aA.G rswbf &k m> NcKJ i;f e,af [m>f az. ]]acaG A.G y,f.vGOf umr*kPf.tvJif.vJif.? rm&fewfydkrl.rOf.wJh acGaAG. wae;w0f;? ,dkcgxJif; udavom.vdkY orf;xGmbk&m>wJif oDydkrl. qD.at.NcHK;,dkaem0f> ae;wGrf.cif.igwJh acGwacGgif; p.H aEmG i>f awm0;f }}eKJ i;f aem0>f oLG / em.Am.w&m>eKJi;f ,wkd iJ f rKdG;zgejDzm> xmG x>kd tem.*gr.f vhJ yrkd .l ei>f rm*@.D aem0>f o>qmig.wiJ f ]]acrG Ovf > ac0G g>w;J 0g; we>D cgr> a*gwravmi;f actG .D csi;f acxG m>rm>}}&e.f pi>f cg>ce;f aA.G rswbf &k m>eKJ i;f aem0>f oLG / rKdG ;zgvhJ yrkd .l aem0>f tycf g>zgeif rm*@.D a0>G o;D 0i>f eD AikJ vf &G [e>f xmG vcG e;f &[EmÅ .oLG ? yrkd .l aem0>f zgeitf yaf wm OawecGefwJif ydkrl.eif>rm*@D.aem0f> xGmvGOfcef; OawecGef rdzk&m>wefwyg> v>ygwGrf. &H.rl.iwf>½sm>aeaeoGL/ rdzk&m>wef rm*@D.ausmif>c&m. xGLvJOf;,dkoGL/

18 omrm0wD.0w¬Kcef> OawecGefrdzk&m>wef omrm0wDa'0D. ausmif>c&m. b&k m>p;kd wiG >f aem0>f aCmouoaX>wrG .f b'0´ w.D crf; oaX>wjzm>,dk xD.zdkawm0f;0if>oGL? a0G>oD;,dk aoxG> vl.vJkif.0if>tc&m. uGKef.o,f.om;xs> az.csmig0if>vuf aqmif.wJif jzm>crf;crf; xGmoG>vG0if>oGL/ wGdK.wvJif. b'´0wD.oaX>vrf;udk azhxl>a&m.*g. ayg.vOG f o&D tD OG af zxh >l oLG ? aem0>f xLG ovD ed .f anmi.f ? o,D ;l ? oDxGD.? oDaxmh>? oDzdk;? oDoGOf;? qJkif>oGwf>oDwGdK.vrf;aAG. a&m.*g.rsK>d oLG ? wrikJ >f azguvf r;f aqi.f zi;f xe.f rKdG iaf EmG i>f r> wrJkif>rGefv>oGL/ vr;f aA.G oaX>rm0g>wrG .f yrkd .l vhJ zi;f axrh ;kd aumor.DÁ crf; aCmouoaX>wefxs>oGL? wzl>avmif;wGif> &ud m© .t.H vYkdwiJ f E.l E.l Esm.Esm. azsmwf KdG .ywm 0i>f wcg>igawmG >h tHkw,f>,dkY>cef; w&GyfwNzHK.udkoGL/ ]]E.l Esm.we,f kd rKdG ;&i>f 'sm.vhJ wrOJ xf .D awm0;f wiJ f tkH w,f>,dkY>w½Gyf,dk eDoGHeD>xGLr> uGJavG>rdk; aCmouoaX> xs>}} ½>kd veG KJ i;f aem0>f wiJ f eoD eHG >D wiG >f w,>f ,Ykd>av>G w½yG uf kd awmG >h xOG .f yrkd .l av>G uxDG .l t.H t>G ojHGzm>wm. tKdG;oaX>aCmo u xm>vl.okrf;udkoGL/ t.H rnig. xKdG i.f t.H r.D rKdG >apmG >h tqm.au.awm0;f wiJ f yxre>D e0>f b'0´ w.D oaX>er;f o?D qikJ >f we>D e0>f a0>G rmooD LG ?

c'k u´ eud m,f usr>f rsw\"f ry® ' 19 qikJ >f we>D ,i;f e0>f yrkd .l ae;wrG .f rxhJ D av>G x.l t.H t>G wjzm>wm. vGKrf>awGmh> aumvl.az.om; apGmh>&Da½Gmiftc&m.? aoao. csm.ce;f tausmi>f v>H oLG ? aumv.l az.om; x.l vLG ;av>G ce;f b'´0wD.oaX>ydkrl. wqGL.wqJkif a0G.rl.,dke0f>oGL/ xm>v.l ork ;f ukd &rd af &miif g.0i>f wiJ f yrkd .l vLG ;,kd tOG .f aqi.f &;J ae; tOG .f ae;wrG .f taygu>f EKdGUxe.f wausmi>f ? a0>G r.l ,kd ta,mi>f qi>f whJ AKdG ecf >H a&mi.f wiJ f a0>G r.l ,kd rO>f wiG .f vOG cf e;f ]]omrm0wD. - eif>cH.qif.&J}}oGL/ aCmouoaX>vhJ a0>G xm>v.l ork ;f ukd aig0;f a&miuf a,efxdk>Am. xGdKif.aotc&m.wJif ]]acGoG> b'´0wD.oaX> yrkd .l ,kd xmG xKdGu'f sm.acyG rkd .l }}½>kd xLG awmG >h ord >f x.l tOG .f xmG awm cef; a0G>ydkrl.weft&m. tyfaz.ygcef; acR.&H.rl.iwf>½sm>oGL/ we>D cga0i>f ukd euw© yf ,G >f xKdG i.f xmG vOG f vi>f v;l vG xDajcmifudkwJif omrm0wD.wGrf. oGOf;rl.zHk.vJh zswfavG> eef> awm.0Jif>udk vif>vl;vGcef;xDoGL? OawecGef atm0f.ywJif ayguif gG opJ uf x.D p,G >f jc>xLG pOG .f omrm0w.D wiJ f uxDG .l EKdG i.f pOG .f aCmouoaX>xs> ae;wrG .f te,>f v> oKHG>ae;tm.Pm. pufoGL/ v>wiJ vf hJ omrm0w.D ,kd a0>G 'i.f xmG av>G rzd &k m>wef oGL? omrm0wD.qE´tv> acR.&D.vD>zHk. iwf>½sm>vJh ygvGOf wKdGi>f wKdGi>f ce;f 'sm. omrm0w.D xs>aem0>f oLG ? oaX>wef ojHGzm>

20 omrm0wD.0w¬Kcef> wm.vahJ em0>f OaweceG rf zd &k m> omrm0w.D o;D oKHGwm.vahJ em0>f aum0f.om;armif.okreaem0f> pmaz.Am.awm0f;pGKrf.eD>oGL? uyG af em0>f r> armi.f ork e,kd a0>G v>ztciG >f oaX>weof jHGzm> xs> a0G>tD.uyfbk&m>oGrf>weD> a0G>pD.&if.avG>cef;oGL/ te>D aem0>f omrm0w.D rzd &k m>wewf m. oOG ;f r.l cZk KÆ wå &m uxGdKif.avG>ajz>aum0f. armif.okrevrf;wJif ]][ef.eD> ,dk acGatm0f.vdk.vl. aAG.bk&m>? em>ayGg;pH>'GdKef;? aum0f.rOf. atm0.f vKdGr> em>uxJG .l ? em.n>D 'KdGe;f ewD &m>}}armi.f ork e ½>kd az. eKJ i;f aem0>f awmG >h oOG ;f r.l cZk KÆ w&å mvhJ em.n>D ce;f w&m> xmG av>G cef;'sm. aomwmyef.oGL/ uyG af em0>f r> aum0.f i>kd opG >f A.D opG >f A.D ukd ajz>vp>f A.D vp>f A.D wm. wceG >f ao>cg> vp>f A.D vp>f A.D pKG r.f e>D vhJ [e.f e>D ,kd wcGef>'GKrf? ajz>vdkYxHoGpf>AD.idk> yomoJif>rdk;cef; rdzk&m>wef omrm0wD.xs>oGL/ omrm0w.D vhJ [e.f e>D aum0.f uv>tmAm.tausmi>f &Da½GmifxGdKif.ao tc&m.wJif ]]em>utG>Am. w&m>xDaem0f> az.t>G AiJ ;f erD KdG i}f }awmi>f jye.f ce;f eKJ i;f aem0>f oLG ? aem0>f xLG wiJ f ckZÆKwå&m uxGOf.twGdKif> omrm0wD.oD; tGOf.vl;az. xDeH. om.? vJkif.az.cGrf>vm>? 'gaz.cif.vrf;awGmh> ckZÆKwå&mvJh uif;wGrf.0D>wJif bk&m>ua[mf>twGdKif> a0G>a[mf>az.awm xKdGi.f xLG omrm0wwD rG .f &.H r.l z.kH vhJ xmG vcG e;f aomwmye.f z.kH oLG / a0>G o;D z.kH 0ikJ .f vcG Zk KÆ w&å m az.rm>'KG rxf m>rm>usr>f tOG .f

c'k u´ eud m,f usr>f rsw\"f ry® ' 21 xGmawm rGdK;tae.? q&m.tae. xGOf.avG>em.w&m> bk&m> xs>? ,aH [m>f az.csma0>G o;D wao.ao.oLG ? aem0>f wiJ f wKdG . qikJ >f wced .f cZk KÆ w&å mvhJ vsi.f vOG pf OG .f y#d uwof bHG KHG . v>wKdG . vGOfpGOf. A[kokw \"r®uxdu {w'*ft&m.oGL/ zdzk&m>wef omrm0wD.ausmif>c&m. xGLvJOf;oGL,dk/ __________ ckZÆKwå&m.c&m. awmif>ao>wm. cZk KÆ w&å m.,kd jA['® wcf eG pf ;kd a0>G o;D ee>f uokd m; uu>kd u,G .f 'g. yapuö A'k g¨ .opG >f yg> zi>f orG >f oywd vf sm;;ig.wiJ f a0>G o>a&mi;f a&> az.v.l zkd qipf ,G .f oywd cf i.f (8)Am.oLG ? uyG f aem0>f tusK>d wiJ f b0,akd 0>G ÓP.f weaf wmG >h v>vOG Af m. A[k owk \"ru® xud {w'*tf &m.? wKdG .ygAm. aomwm.ye.f t&e;f oGL/ yapuö A'k g¨ .opG >f yg>ukd wyg>ii;f aumi.f wiJ f ]]eaD A.G AeG f wyg> uR>xm>eJKif;,dk}}tausmif> a0G>tGOf.aumif.e,fzdk vdk> trsm>wiJ f b0,kd a0>G ii;f aumi.f vOG Af m.oLG ? uóyb&k m>p;kd a0G>xGmAm&mPoD. oaX>ydkrl.b0 bdu©KeD.&[EÅm.rl.wyg> uR>vOG vf ,.f axah 0>G xs>wiG >f a0>G xOG .f az.a,mi;f zkd ]]$cKd i;f NcKd > wGdKuf}}wJif b0,dkcg a0G>xGmvGOfAm. oGOfrl.oGL/ ________

22 omrm0wD.0w¬Kcef> rdzk&m>wef rm*@D.usrf.wuJkif omrm0wD. rdzk&m>wefcef>wGrf. a0G>oD;zHk. oDwuJkifAm.vGxm>tausmif>c&m. we>D cgwiJ f omrm0w.D o;D z.kH rOJ 0f ikJ .f vbG &k m> utDG u.l n.D cZk KÆ w&å mxs>oLG ? ei>f r.l o;D trsK>d xe.f txe.f ,>kd awm0;f wJif ]]vkwf>udkyigy&m> azgufxm>wdk EGrf.rJhcl> xGm;acsmif. u.D nKd . a&.rwvf .l we>f ae;aomG }h }tausmi>f cZk KÆ w&å mp.D pOJ .f avG>az.cef; a0G>oD;eJKif;aem0f>oGL/ weD>cg rdzk&m>wef rm*@D. axmifcsmigwzl> xD.pl> orm0w.D o;D vwk >f aqi.f wokd LG ? aem0>f wiJ f &aD &mG itf c&m. awmG >h a0>G aox>G ce;f b&k m>uR>wKdG.azsmtf ausmi>f omrm0w.D oD; avG>uD.ndK. q,f>uyfvGtausmif>oGL/ ]]vJif.,dk a*gwrtavmif; a*gwr wum.rl.cdkzHk. ,tkd avmi;f acrG m>wrG .f acxG m>rm>r>}}a0>G ,.l aw>h ce;f 'sm.eKJ i;f e0>f oLG ? e0>f xLG wiJ f ]]MoaA.G - omrm0w.D o;D ,kd awmi.f w vixf m>? eoD eHG >D wiG >f t.D rm>oeD aD A.G }}vOJ cf e;f ceG ef KJ i;f e0>f oLG ? cGeforf;,GKrf;w0f;wJif ]]eDaAG.xGm;awh>aoGmh a0G>oD;vkwf> aqif.tkd}}½dk>vJh cGefxl.a&>w0f;aeaeoGL/ e0>f wiJ f pi;f v>kd rKdG uaf 0i>f ukd xOG .f ceG xf rG f aA.G b&k m>? ]]aAG.bk&m> ,HuR>xdk>xef.tvif}}oGL? aAG.bk&m> tHkwOf. o,>f c.H x>kd xe.f w0;f a0i>f ? EwG >f e>D xKdG i.f aAG aig0;f ceG ;f xrG vf hJ a,efxdk>csmcef;oGL/

c'k u´ eud m,f usr>f rsw\"f ry® ' 23 aem0f>wJif wGrf.tzgeif aygif>0if>awGmh> xGOf.tvdk> wjzm> av>G x.l csmreG f a0>G zgeixf s> opG >f Am.oLG / aem0>f xLG wiJ f quaf xrh ;kd ce;f ceG f ]]omrm0w.D o;D pKdG> ,rH m>o'D KdG.owG >f az.ceG f a'g0frGdKwf>uyf>}}tausmif>oGL? omrm0wD.oD; rm>oDaEGmif> awm0;f xKdG i.f tycf smqsmreG wf iJ f xOG .f ,i;f a0>G v>kd aem0>f av>G xl.vGOfvJkif.qsmoD a0G>zgeif>xs> oGpf>Am.oGL? aem0f>wJif tyaf x,h i;f omrm0woD ;D pKdG> ]]az.u'KdG.uyaf v>G az. aA.G rswf bk&m>}}tausmif>oGL? omrm0wD.oD;vJh vJif.,dko>a&mif; o>a&> x.l qsmooD pG >f Am. 'KdG.uyaf v>G ce;f aA.G rswbf &k m>oLG / ae;wrG .f te,>f xi;f rm.c&m.eKJ i;f ,kd vOJ ,f i;f Oawe ceG vf hJ OaweceG f o,>f c.H aw>h 'sm. x.l a&>awm0;f omrm0w.D oD;pGdK>aeaeoGL? aem0f>awGmh> usrf.,if;we,f>oGL? Oawe cGef,dk rdzk&m>wefoGHjzm>xs> eif;axh EGwf>eD>EGwf>eD>pD.oGL? aem0>f wiJ f OaweceG f ut.D qiJ yf gao.em;'sm. qiwf ed .f tukd ,kd kd a0>G aom>h aw>h ½;l ? ay>h cg>ttkd wrG .f aum0.f wikJ of LG / aem0>f wiJ f a0>G ½>kd ]]oOG ;f r.l aAi.f ri;f xm>[0wf 0;f ? av>G rKG e;f omrm0w.D aqmi?f r.D av>G vhJ oOG ;f r.l av>G vOG >f r> pwd cf s}}tausmi>f awmG >h a0>G av>G vOG >f EKdGi.f aq> OaweceG f tKdG;omrm0w.D aqmiuf okd LG / OaweceG vf hJ uw.l xs> tOG .f cs>wed .f xKdGi.f aAi.f wvmG > u.l avmi;f wiG >f a0>G aAmG iaf w>h axxe.f ce;f ½;l oLG ? ½;l vhJ [Ykd>c;kd

24 omrm0wD.0w¬Kcef> tqm. tGOf.xGdKif.tuwl.? om[l;[m;pGOf.xm> ul.avmif; uoD LG ? a0>G r.l vhJ rm>eKJ i;f o>vsm;yKHG . ]]acaG Ai.f ri;f xm> w[0f w0;f vhJ em.w0;f acaG ig0;f ? yg>r.l pm;,vkd hJ armG uh sr.f wKdG;ceG wf e,f kd a[G;}}tausmif> cGef;xGrfcef; cGefwGrf. orm0wD.oD;pGdK>oGL/ OaweceG vf hJ o>0>xm>owD iJ f ]]rm*@.D t0.f v0;f e,f acG,GKrf;awm0f;? yg>rl.,dk usrf.oDacGoGHvJif.vJOf;}}o>vsm; r.D rKdG >eKJ i;f aem0>f awmG >h aosm0;f pOG .f v>dk wa&itf m.'i.f Nc.D wAm. oGL? 'if.aomh>pGOf. jym.pGL.om;wJif orm0wD.e0f> tGOf.zJh>ig jcy&f OJ .f ae;awmG >h atm0.f z>hJ ig c>aom>h w>hJ w>hJ pOG .f tjzm>iw>f ½sm> oGL/ ceG ?f o>G csi>f ? er;f &i>f ,okd jHGzm>avmi;f uyG pf OG .f omrm 0w.D o;D atm0.f yomn.D rsarwmå . twe>f c>kd wiJ f jym.vhJ av>G ig cKG e>f csmawmG >h oiJ .f t0.f 'i.f awmce;f OaweceG f o>ticf g.ukd oGL? a0G>aAG.eJpfo>0> [GKefrm.w½GdKU>wJif 0Jkif.pGOf.omrm 0wD. ]],Hu,f.aoGmha0G>aAG.? xGmaz.aoGmh a0G>aAG.xm>tm.uGdK>}} tausmif> awmif>jyef.cef;'sm.oGL/ ]]oOG ;f r.l tm.uKdG>'sm. b&k m>wiJ f uKdG>'sm.aomG h b&k m>}} omrm0w.D ½>dk csmeKJ i;f aem0>f oLG ? ]]u,.f aomG ah 0>G aA.G ? xmG az. aomG ah 0>G aA.G xm>tm.uKdG >? v.kd &m>q>k vhJ urDG ;kd aomG }h }xKdG i.f a'g>h ,i;f eKJ i;f e0>f wiJ f ]]q>k e0>f whJ oOG ;f r.l u'DG sm.}}omrm0w.D 0eG .f c.H ce;f eKJ i;f aem0>f oLG /

c'k u´ eud m,f usr>f rsw\"f ry® ' 25 aem0>f xLG a0>G aA.G yi>f uybf &k m>'OJ of rG >f twiG >f [>hJ vOG f omrm0w.D xOG .f ucDG e;f q>k oLG ? ]]aA.G b&k m>wrG .f o.H Cm. iwf>½sm> rOf.uR>ao.em;,dkudkaem0f> oGOf;rl.oD; tD.em.Am. w&m>}}omrm0wD. uGDcef;qk>eJKif;aem0f>oGL/ aem0>f wiJ f a0>G aA.G v0;f az.b&k m>vhJ 0i>f viwf hJ rOJ yf i>f rOJ 0f ikJ .f aeaewiJ f uaDG wmce;f b&k m>er;f awm.wiJ f &[e>f wyg> awGmh> bk&m>az.wm.0Gef.cef; tmeE´m.rax&f.rswfoGL/ w,.f ced .f ,wkd iJ f aA.G tmeEm´ .vhJ wrG .f &[e>f iw>f ½sm> uR>ao.em;cef;eef>udk eif>rl.oD;zHk. vl.Am.vGtvl.? em.Am. vGw&m> ao.em;oGL? wGdK.weD>aem0f> eif>rl.oD; epfoufig. w&m>wJif yl.aZm.w&m>tae. eif>rl.oD;zHk. vl.wef>awh>vG cef; tmeE´m. qJif>AJkifwzGL> wef.iwf>pGJ; tzGL>iwf>½sm>oGL/ cGefxGdKif.ao cGefavG>0Jkif.rdk; tmeE´m. ]]qJif>AJkifiwf> ½sm>,dk rm>tDxm>rJkif>}}up &Dcef;oGKyfoGKyfoGL? ]]vGdKacGaAG. wm. acGvl. avG>ouFef>aum,om;? a0G>aAG.oD; t,vD> zHk.aem0f> vl.awmvG,if; t,def;,om;? t,def;,om; oueF >f z.kH e0>f rm>vwG 'gavmi?f w'gavmivf >D z.kH aem0>f rm> vGw'g[H.avmif;? w'g[H.avmif;vD>zHk.aem0f> rm>vGcif. oGwf>? cif.oGwf>vD>zHk.aem0f> a'GgU>qm; wGrf.[H.aAmh> ol.vG waqif.}}tmeE´m.vJh ajz.csmcef; qGKyfqGKyfeJKif;aem0f>oGL/ cGefvJh [GKefepfoufig.wJif vl.orf;,if; wzGL>wef. iw>f pJG tzLG >iw>f ½sm>oLG ? tmeEm´ .aA.G ,akd em0>f we.f iw>f p;JG

26 omrm0wD.0w¬Kcef> p.D zLG >iw>f ½sm> viJ .f iw>f ½sm>? we.f wa&ipf .D zLG >wa&ivf iJ .f wa&i?f we.f woed .f p.D zLG >woed .f tviJ .f woed .f ? 0i>f tOG .f NyKH . ci.f awm.xs> v.l we>f awmG >h a0>G aA.G v>Am.zkd tviJ .f viJ .f oGL? wzGL>eDzGL>upe0f> a'gh>tvJif.ol.ao'GKrf? bk&m>ul> edAÁmef.q>csm a0G>aAG.v,f.vl.zdk ZrÁL.'dyfwuRef>vGKrf; pGKrf. ausmif>wGdKufoGL/ e0f>wJif rdzk&m>rm*@D.vJh ]]acGurm>e0f> xGmw0f; xGmvifawm? vJif.,dk tD.rm>Am.eJKif;rJkif>? te,f>t0f.Am.}} ½>kd xLG wiJ f OaweceG f xe.f v,.f O,smO.f uwkd iG >f xOG .f tzgeif av>G axh omrm0w.D aqmi?f xOG .f aAmG i.f crG >f vm>orG .f ? er;f re>f orG >f awmG >h x.l ywd pf eJ r;f re>f ywAf OJ wf xeG .f ei>f r.l o;D vwk >f wcg>igG z.kH vhJ ay>h cg>vYkd txe.f z>hJ wiJ f ,wH pJ >f v>hJ NAKH av>G aomG h ar.}}tausmif>oGL/ aem0f>wJif ar.cdk;vGOf omrm0wD.oD;aqmifawGmh> omrm0w.D o;D z.kH vhJ ]]o.H o&m.ukd ecD .H pm>Am.eKJ i;f ,kd tviJ .f a'g>h aEmG i>f 'KG r?f wqe>f ac:w0;f }},.l vxG LG eKJ i;f e0>f ? EvS >kH oiG >f vwG &m>wiJ f ,[e.f om; xmG ou'g*gr.f ? ,[e.f om; xmG tem.*grf.awGmh> oDavG>vGcef;0if> ar.NyHK.udkoGL/ a0>G o;D c.H Am.vG ar.c;kd c&m.,kd &[e>f o;D v0;f axvh G b&k m>? &yD gvaG 0>G o;D uwKdG .v'G g. w&m>t&e;f oLG ? aA.G rswf b&k m>vhJ a[m>f csm ]]a0>G o;D oxD m>,kd tusK>d tm'sm.? o.H o &m.,dk vdef.rm.ao.em; arG;awm0f;wJif cH.Am.vG ukodkvf.

c'k u´ eud m,f usr>f rsw\"f ry® ' 27 tukodkvf.tusKd> okc'ku©eJKif;,dk}}tausmif>zHk.oGL/ &[ef>oD;orf;&D omrm0wD.oD; tukodkvf.0G#fvD> awmG >h aA.G rswbf &k m> red ;f av>G ,i;f eKJ i;f ig,okd LG ? ]]c.kd csm Am&m Po.D a[mcf >H jA['® wcf eG ef e>f awm.ukd yapAö 'k g¨ . uR>ao.em; opG >f yg>? ei>f r.l iw>f ½sm> rm>az.vG 0waf y.0wwf eof LG ? wviJ .f cg EGwf>yg>cg uR>csm[dr0EÅm. wyg>aem0f> 0if>pm>uJkif'sm. ormywf xDajcmifxs> wNyHKudkoGL/ ceG wf rG .f ei>f r.l o;D vi>f v;l xaD jcmif ei>f r.l o;D v;l e>D rLG ; xDwJif cG>vGOfvGawGmh> tD.tHkpdkY>ar. xGdKif.xkrf.odk.xm>tD. arm>h ce;f wNyKH .aem0>f wiJ f v>hJ NAKH vcG e;f ar.oLG ? wNAKH .xKdG i.f uRr>f x.D ce;f yapuö A'k g¨ . t0.f aom>h awmG >h ]]eNDAKH ygvOJ ;f yapuö A'k g¨ . ceG rf O.f aor>hJ eaD rm>h v'G uk ?© evD >hJ uRr>f x>kd rm;ww,.f e0>f t.D arG;}},l.vGxGLwJif tGOf.pk'if.,if;odk. wJpf>orf;ar.awGmh> oiJ >f cKG e>f vcG e;f ee>f uokd LG / yapuö A'k g¨ .w;J vhJ aom>h ae;ce;f o.dk avmi.f ta&ivf hJ ar.wuRrf>w0f;? ayg.a0G>aAG. 0if.pm>ormywfEGwf>eDaAGvJh v.kd &m>uR>c.D ce;f 'sm.aem0>f oLG ? ei>f r.l o;D iw>f ½sm>aem0>f w;J whJ uyG pf 'k i.f ,i;f o.kd yapuö A'k g¨. ,uH Rr>f x>kd wpJ >f ae;rYkrd Ykd ,i;f wiJ f c.H pm>Am.ig;½ikJ >f aei.f toed .f oLG ? atm0.f uikJ uf .H tuitf ps> wm. cH.pm>Am.vG,if; ar.cdk;vrf;udk b0t½sm> eJKif;b0,dk twKdG i>f aem0>f oLG &[e>f o;D a[;G }} omrm0w.D o;D 0#G vf >D aA.G bk&m> a[mf>avG>az.cef; eJKif;aem0f>oGL/

28 omrm0wD.0w¬Kcef> OawecGefvJh yGdKif;0GdKUwGrf.ar.cdk; omrm0wD.oD;wJif wrG .f r>l rwzf .kH xKdG i.f oKHG >oyf ]]rzd &k m> rm*@.D 'sm.&i>f }}&ad u.© v>cef;eJKif;aem0f>oGL? e0f>wJif ]]cdk;csme0f> omrm0wD. usrf. ao.em;acwG iJ f aciG r;f ao.em;Am.xm>? ,ckd gr> o>t.D c>G Am.? uxGmvGOfeJKif;,dkaem0f> yg>&ufacGom; rm>az.'sm.&if>eJY>}} y&,d m,.f ce;f eKJ i;f aem0>f oLG / rzd &k m> rm*@.D vhJ ]]oOG ;f r.l rm> 'sm.? xGOf.zgeifrm>az. oGLeJYaAG.}}avm0f;cef;eJKif;aem0f>oGL? ]]vKdG em> yg>&uaf caG A.G trsK>d atm0.f eYJ? acaG A.G t.D az.em>q>k ? [>hJ vOG yf gvYkdvYkd em>z;l a0;vikJ ;f }}ceG ½f >kd az.csm,i;f ce;f eKJ i;f aem0>f oGL/ aem0>f wiJ f rzd &k m>rm*@.D z;l a0;z.kH vhJ azsmvf OG ?f v>kd vi,f i[f e.f om;vhJ x>kd xuaf qmi.f ½>kd rzd &k m> rm*@.D z;l a0; wiJ f azsmvf wG KdG.vOG vf oG LG ? a0>G o;D z.kH ,kd OaweceG f yvYkd>aom>h xm>atmifudk A>ya'? aem0f>q>uD ajzU>aAzl vJh>NAHKavG>pGOf. ar.oLG / ar.c;kd t,m.yxD KdG i.f uRr>f x.l xikJ yf o.D xikJ yf pJ >f av>G terf; yOfuGdKU>uGdKU>? t,m.yOfavmif.avmif.zHk.oGL? rdzk&m> rm*@.D er;f uD ,m.'KG e'f KG e,f kd oKdG U>x.l xLG 'KdG .p>l er;f re>f AKdG i;f ukd eJKif;ausmfwcdk;awGmh> az.tH.csmavG> taAG.erf;oGL? rdzk&m> rm*@D.oD; wpkwcGdK> wpGdK>vGKrf; oDAm.vGcef;eJKif;,dkoGL/ rdzk&m>rm*@D. usrf.wuJkif omrm0wD.a'0D.wGrf. a0G>oD;oDwuJkifxm>c&m.zHk.aem0f> xGLvJOf;,dkoGL/

c'k u´ eud m,f usr>f rsw\"f ry® ' 29 toDtrGefw&m>awm.erf;tcef> wKdG .we>D wiJ f yKdG i;f 0KdG UwrG .f omrm0w.D o;D pKdG > rm*@.D o;D pKdG> oAD m.upd ,ö kd tpKdG>rikJ >f e0>f [>hJ aEmG i>f treG ?f tpKdG>rikJ >f e0>f [>hJ aEmG i>f touD ½>kd e0>f &[e>f o;D takH q>G aE>G ce;f 0i>f w&m> yG,f>udkoGL? aem0f>wGif> aAG.rswfbk&m> uR>azsmfwJif a[mf> e,faz.cef; eJKif;ig,dkoGL/ ]]tAkH m.ouaf ei.f ½sm>vhJ r.D rm>awm0;f uok vkd .f t<kHuKdU> aem0>f [>hJ Am.to?D r.D t<kH uKd U>awm0;f aorm>uok vkd .f aem0>f [Jh>Am.trGefoGL? uGyfaem0f>r> rm*@D.oD;pGdK>,dk rGef'GdKef;vJh pi.f ppJ tf o'D sm.? orm00w.D o;D pKdG >,kd o'D KdG e;f vhJ pi.f ppJ tf reG f oLG &[e>f o;D z.kH a[;G }}aA.G rswbf &k m> a[m>f xLG eiJ ;f aem0>f red ;f oGKyfavG>xJif;,if; ygVdvuFm. w&m>aig0f;iGg oGHyGKwfeJKif;ig ,dkoGL/ (u) tyÜrma'g trwH y'H ? yrma'g rpöKaem y'H / tyÜrwåm e rD,EÅd ? a, yrwåm ,xm rwm / ( c ) {0H 0daooawm ÚwGm ? tyrm'rSd y@dwm / tyÜrma' yarm'EÅd ? t&d,meH a*gpa& &wm / ( *) aw psm,daem omwwdum ? edpöH 'V§y&uúrm / zkoEÅd \"D&m edAÁmeH ? a,m*au©rH tEkwå&H /

30 omrm0wD.0w¬Kcef> teufytdk0f. (u) tyÜrma'g - ukodkvf.rk> uaorm>e0f>? trwHy'H - wKdG .taD EmG i>f jzm;ovD pG uf i>f cr;f eAd mÁ e.f tausmi>f pi.f ppJ of LG ? yrma'g - aorm>awm0;f uok vkd .f tajzi;f rsK>d r> uaorm> tHk<udKU>xm>aem0f>? rpöKaemy'H - uGyfxef. aEGmif>awm0f; oH.o&m.wJif cGdK>cGdK>oDtDAm. tausmif> w&m>pif.pJpfoGL? a,ywåm - rm>awm0f;ukodkvf. t ajzi;f rsK>d r> uaorm>v'G g. xm>t<kHuKdU>Mu>om;z.kH aem0>f ? rwm,xm - vGpfaEGmif>w0f;oH.o&m. cGdK>cGdK>oDAm. twKdGi>f ,?kd tyrÜ wmå - oaoee;f rm>ao.em; uok vdk .f om;e0>f z.kH w;J w?hJ er,D EdÅ - vpG rf KdG i<f uKd ivf G o.H o&m. wJif cGdK>cGdK>oDAm.vGawm0f;'GKrf0if>zHk.oGL/ ( c ) tyrÜ m'rdS y@wd m - uok vkd .f aorm>rtk ukd usK>d ausmi>f upiJ ;f v'G g. ynm.osi.f z.kH aem0>f ? {00H ad ooawmÚwmG - uyG pf iJ ;f w;J ig. uok vkd .f aorm>r>k wrG .f t<kHuKd U>Mu>r>k ,kd eDyg> tusKd>uGm.nm>0if>wJif? tyÜrma' yarm'EÅd - o>oGdK>vG'sm. ukodkvf.aorm>rk>udkzHk.oGL? t&d,meH a*gpa&&wm - aysm.reG ;f v'G sm. t&,d m.o;D em;v>kH oiG >f c&m. aAm\"dyu©d,w&m> avmukwå&m.w&m>zHk.oGL/ ( * ) aw - uaorm>vGukodkvf. a0G>oD;zHk.aem0f>aem0f>? psm,daem - em;vHk>oGif> ao.em;ur®|mef> xD.ao.

c'k u´ eud m,f usr>f rsw\"f ry® ' 31 em; ½kyfemrf.wGrf. edAÁmef. zdkY>uRrf>ao.em; udav.om. zHk.oGL? omwwdum - w,f.txs> A>udav.om; uvdkY ae;wGrf.erf;o> usKd>pm>ao.em;vGoGl? edpöH'V§ - y&uúrm - wqGwf>csmwef>w0f; usKd>pm>rkwOf.acGgif rsK>d t0.f ao.em;voG LG ? \"&D m - uyG yf KdG;ved .f rm.vu>f vOJ f eKJ i;f e0>f z.kH awmG >h ? a,m*aur© H tEwk &å eH Ad mÁ eH - rsKy$fcO.f tD o.H o&m. uui>f nrd >f vOJ ;f 'sm. w&m>rswvf KdG eAd mÁ e.f &yuf okd >l ? zok EdÅ - ae;wrG .f r*zf vkd .f o> a0>G o;D wKdG.½pG vf G Am.0if> yigy&m>zHk.oGL/ w&m>uwl. uAsmttJOf. (u) ukodkvf.xGmtD ? cGdK>vGpfoD ? tHk<udKU>xGmtD oDcGdK>oGL/ uok vdk .f om;rsK>d ? treG pf KdG > ? t<kHuKd U>om;rsK>d ocD KdG >oLG / ( c ) ukodkvf.wpGdK> ? tHk<udKU>pGdK> ? eDpGdK>uGm.nm>oGL / aumpJif;eJif;,dk ? ukodkvf.udk ? aysm.vGdKvGpGOf. w&m>oGL/ ( * ) osKxmG ;wao.? tm.axav>G ? qwG >f w0;f yKHG.ao.oLG / xKdG i.f rm>eKJ i;f ,kd ? ovD pG uf kd ? cr;f xekd Ad mÁ e.f wKdG .Am.oLG /

32 omrm0wD.0w¬Kcef> wJufwGef>ao>cg> yGdKif;0GdKUwGrf. omrm0wD.? rm*@D.oD; oDAmvGxm> awGmh> rdOf.wGdK.vGOfvGOf t&ef;eJKif;a0G>oD; uoD,dkr> [Jh>Am. toeD YJ? toaD r;G ar;G treG af r;G ar;G u½>kd aem0>f t.D owrf wAf m. eJKif;rJkif>? ysóem.,dkwAm. uGyfayg.vGOf &[ef>oD;w&m> aq>G aE>G y,G >f uwkd iJ f tyrÜ ma'g-up w&m>oyHG KG w,f kd ayg.vOG f Am. bk&m>a[mf>avG>Am.aem0f>oGL/ toaD r;G treG af r;G eKJ i;f rikJ >f -pO>f pm>c&m.? v>kd pKG r.f jzm> irf;arG;xm>oDwJif utD.oDaEGmif>'g. tEÅ&m,f.zHk.? a&m.*g. zHk.trsKd>rsKd>vJh irf;vGig. armh>cGJ;usKH.oGL? erf;,dk um.uG,f. wrG .f crG >f vm>? axmuuf r;f wrG .f 'OJ [f e.f pi;f [e.f &;J ur;f yg'KdGe;f ae;wGrf.rEÅmef.zHk.? ac.*sKd[f.axmuf*sKd[f.zHk.? qk>awmif>rdk; vl>ajcif;xs>? udk,f>uG,f.wGdK.wGdK.rGL;vm xDajcmifaoif.rGL; upzHk.oGL? xm>oDavmuf>vGOfwJif o>0>ig.awGmh> xif;&m> rm>wrD.wrGdK>vG te,f>yvJif>pGKrf.aph> eDem>urÇm.avmif; ,dkoGL/ u,G .f awmG >h wurmÇ .vKG r;f ,kd vpG zf xkd m>owD jzm>igvhJ tOJ af xm0;f zodk LG ? aem0>f r> toeD YJtreG ef YJu½>kd e0>f tooD m; vGOf;vGOf;'sm.? wjzm>wGrf.wjzm> cG,f>ac:c&m.tJOfaxm0f;? AKdG eAf KdG e'f sm.0i>f oLG /

c'k u´ eud m,f usr>f rsw\"f ry® ' 33 uGyfe0f>r> wrJkif>e0f>toD wrJkif>e0f>trGefu½dk>e0f> wvGpfw0f;xm>oD tD.oDAm.ryfryfom;e0f> [Jh>Am.toDcGdK> toDpGdK>oGL? tD.vGpfxm>oD tD.oDAm.xJif;w0f;'GKrfcGdK>cGdK>om; zHk.aem0f> [Jh>Am.trGefcGdK> trGefpGdK>oGL? cG,f>csm>eJKif;,dkr> vdk> oDvdk>rGef uG,f>ysm>aEGmif>eDpGdK>? xGmaEGmif>eDpm; eDrsKd>oGL? ,H az.ae; uxGmtrGefpGdK> ,H[Jh>aEGmif>trGefpGdK>u½dk>aem0f> avmG u>f em.aomG h a'.oem.awm.,kd ty'k tf rikJ (f c-*)twKdGi>f r>oGL/ ,dkeDyk'faem0f> xm>oDvGpftD xGmtDaEGmif>trGefpGdK> rO.f avmG u>f em.awm0;f e0>f e0>f xmG ttD opD KdG > ty'k tf rikJ (f u) owfrwfcG,f>csm>e,favG>az.vJOf; eJKif;aem0f>oGL/ uGyfaem0f>r> rdzk&m> rm*@D.aem0f> a0G>erf;aem0f> ,rH eG ?f omrm0w.D o;D aem0>f ,oH D a0>G us.H p,.f av>G trsK>d rsK>d vJh xGdKif.wGdK.w&m>uxGmaEGmif>tD trGefpGdK>aem0f> a0G>usH.rdkY bk&m>om.oem.vJh a0G>xkrf.v,f.pk&Grfawm0f;wJif a0G>wGrf. wif>vJkif uirf;vG'g.xm>oDaem0f> b0,dkvJh a0G>zif;rv>? ooD AD m.'sm.? b0igigvhJ a0>G t.D oAD m.'KdG e;f ryrf yf a0>G atm0.f xGmpGLpGL'sm. toDcGdK>ZmwfwGdKif>wGdKif>udkaem0f>oGL/ rzd &k m> omrm0w.D wrG .f &.H r.l z.kH aem0>f w;J whJ OaweceG f c>wGrf.NcD.vJh wvJif.? rdzk&m> rm*@D.usrf.oD A>wGdK.uvJh> NAHKxHar.vJh wvJif.? tvJif.vJif.u½dk>vJh ]]b0,dkwyef owD viJ .f e0>f a'g>h avm0;f awm0;f ? ta&>weaf wm0;f ? xm>oD

34 omrm0wD.0w¬Kcef> pGdK>udk ,HvGpfwigaem0f>r> ta&>wef}},l.vGxGLeJKif;aem0f> awmG >h Nc.D jym. t0.f ½,G .f r;kd axoh >ti?f ar.t0.f c;kd xvH OJ ;f er;f zHk.vJh cH.xGmvGawm0f; avmba'goarm[zHk.oGL/ yomv'G sm.arwmå .? em;v>kH oiG >f v'G sm. er;f u,kd .f usi>f ½yk ef mr.f xmG uikJ rf >k z.kH oLG ? aem0>f wiJ f a0>G o;D xmG vG t&,d m.t &ef;&ef;? vGpfcef;b0igig toDcGdK>awGmh> azsmfwGdK.vGcef; crf; edAÁmef. trGefpGdK>udk yigy&m>zHk.aem0f>oGL/ oKG e.f o>wrG .f er;f jcKH ,kd uikJ af jymi>f uKG waf wmaem0>f [>hJ towD iJ f oKG e.f o>wrG .f er;f jcKH ,kd rO.f atm0.f r> uikJ af jymi>f uGKwfawmxGmAm.vG armh>Am.vG oDAm.vGoGL? uGyfaem0f>r> yiJ .f Am.v>Am. jc>p,G >f eud of uAf m. oKG e.f o>wrG .f er;f jcKH ,kd e0>f wrG .f uyiJ .f xm>oD v>xm>oD jc>p,G >f xm>oeD 0>f AKdGeyf 0D i>f oLG / uGyfe0f>r> rOf.rJOfvGpfxm>oDe0f> xD.ao.em; xGmao.em; oKGe.f o>er;f BuKdtypJ wf iJ f jc>p,G >f eud of urf KGe;f 'KGrf oKGe.f o>er;f BuKd? o>,akd em0>f zi;f aom>h r;kd eAd mÁ e.f tOG .f p>G uikJ ef KJi.f ce;f cg>aEmG i>f oGKef.o>erf;udkr> vGpfaEGmif>xm>oDoGL/ uyG ef 0>f r> rO.f rOJ vf pG xf m>o?D rO.f rOJ xf mG awm treG f pGdK>u½dk>e0f> a'.oem.awm. tyk'ftrJkif(*)tv> avGmuf> em.vGaoGmh tcsufeJKif;ig,dkaem0f>oGL/ 1/ psm,daem - oGKef.o>wGrf. erf;BudKavmif; pG,f>jc>epf ourf >k ,uH Rr>f 0ikJ >f vYkdowG >f av>G wiJ f oKG e.f o>wrG .f er;f

c'k u´ eud m,f usr>f rsw\"f ry® ' 35 BudK xGmuJkifrk>,dkvJh xD.ao.em;? xGm;ao.em;vGAm. oGL? xD.ao.em;? xGm;ao.em;rk>,dk tm.&Jif>,Hoef? taemif.tosuf ,Haqh>aem0f>vJh> ae;wGrf.orx ur®|mef>tm.½Hk.wJif &J;ayh>cg>Am.oGL/ rOf.v>vJOf; r*f zvkd .f ,i[f e.f vhJ EKdGU0i.f pm> em;v>kH oiG >f aomG h cr;f eAd mÁ e.f ? usKd>pm>xif.uD,if;aoGmh r*fzdkvf.uDuDoGL? ,kdzHk.e0f> [Jh>Am. psm,Dxm>rm> (ur®|mef>xm>rm>)oGL/ 2/ omwwud m - psm,xD m>rm>eKJ i;f u,D ekd 0>f (p,G >f jc>epf ourf >k ,kd uRr>f 0ikJ >f vYkdowG >f t&e;f ukd rwKdG .rcsi;f ) ae; wGrf. erf;o>usKd>pm> rm>avG>ao.em;Am.oGL/ 3/ edpö 'V§y&uúrm - psm,Dxm>rm> eJKif;uD,dkzHk.aem0f> (pG,f>jc>edufoufrk> uRrf>0Jkif>vdkYoGwf>t&ef;udk rwGdK. rcsif;) erf;o>usKd>pm> vHk>yef>rk>,dk rJkif>cgpGOf.vJh vHk;0 qGwf>csmAm.awm0f;oGL/ zkoEÅd \"D&m edAÁmeH ? a,m*au©rH tEkwå&H - tcsuf (1-2-3)wzl>pJOf.zHk.,dktwGdKif> uaovsif. uavGmuf>em. aEmG i>f om;aem0>f wKdG .½pG vf AG m. uKG wqf mo'D uk j©cKH ;tavmi;f p,G >f jc>r>k uvYkdowG >f x'H g. trswaf [m0½f >kd treG cf KdG > eAd mÁ e.f &yfcG>udkzHk.aem0f>oGL? ae;wGrf.a'.oem.awm. ,dkoGHyk'fwJif ,Hajz.aEGmif>vG0if> tcsufeJKif;zHk.,dk u½dk>e0f> wJufwGef>cg> Am.oGL/

36 ukrÇaCmou0w¬Kcef> 1/ toDtrGef,dk rOf.a'gh>arG;arG;aem0f> wrJkif>pGdK>aem0f> toDpGdK>? wrJkif>pGdK>aem0f> trGefpGdK>/ 2/ uxGmtDtoDpGdK> tausmif>w&m>aem0f> xm>rJkif>? uxGmtDtrGefpGdK> tausmif>w&m>aem0f> wrJkif>/ 3/ vdk>,[ef.zHk. uGyfyGdK;wrJkif>? uaysm.vGarG;ukodkvf.? urGef;oGdK>vGarG; ur®|mef> t&d,m.oD;xm>rm>e0f>/ 4/ e,D aH zsmwf KdG.ar;G treG pf KdG>u,kd kd etD .D tm;xwk Af m.eKJi;f rikJ >f ? eDwGif>,dku toDpGdK>eJY? trGefpGdK>eJY/ omrm0wD.0w¬Kcef. xGLvJOf;,dkoGL/ ________ tyÜrm'0*fudkvGOf ukrÇaCmou0w¬Kcef> &mZ*sKd[f.oaX>wjzm>vrf;udk azhxl>a&m.*g. xGm aom>h wiJ f azxh >l z.kH opD unJG noOG of ,.f z.kH oyD g? qikJ >f owG >f oaX>oD;rm0g>vJh qmvGOfvGcef;oGL? aem0f>wJif ]]ydkarmif. a[G;- a&m.*g.,dkaem0f> azgufvrf;aqif.? zif;rGdKifaEGmif>r> reG af EmG i>f vwG iJ f axmurf KG e;f 'KG rf rKdG ;zgo;D ? zi;f aomG h t&yrf ikJ >f aem0f> eDyvdkY>ao>cg> yapö> atm0f.uka#.vpf>qD? weD> cgr>oiJ >f ax? vLG ;taD omG eh r;f vikJ ;f armi.f }}½>kd az.yckd ekd KJ i;f aem0>f oGL/

c'k u´ eud m,f usr>f rsw\"f ry® ' 37 yckd akd rmi.f vhJ 0ikJ .f xLG rKdG ;zg zi;f takH wm>f jcm nqeD aD ei.f um.qOG .f a'g>h v>kH r> u;JG oiJ >f cKG e>f wiJ f aumrwaf wmi>f a0>G om; atm0f.'GKrfoGL/ ]]yap>ö z.kH ,kd 0i>f awmi>f acG atm0.f 'KGrwf iJ f acrG .D axoKHG> 0i>f xi;f acwG ceG >f awmG >h 0i>f qrG >f rm>o'D g.v>kd }}a0>G ,.l eKJi;f aem0>f awGmh> a0G>yGHK.aqmif. erf;vdk>rG? a0G>rm>erf;ul.vD. yg>vrf;w vrf;wJif a0G>Am.cef; vrf;okrf;wNzHK.udkoGL/ we>D cg Ard odÁ m& ceG af [mcf >H [KG eaf 0>G aig0;f awmG >h em. piJ ;f cwuf ,>f xLG wiJ f ]]yg>a$caig0;f armG ,h }kd }a'g>h e,cf e;f rzd &k m> a0G>txs>'GdKoGL? xGOf.oGOf;wjzm> avG>xGm;wGdK. vdk>erf;wJif ]]v>kd pi;f er;f ? yg>rwG jzm> aig0'f sm.aA.G }}rzd &k m>aem0>f avm0;f csm ce;f eKJ i;f aem0>f oLG / eKJi;f ,tkd wKdGi>f xKdGi.f A>eoD eHG >D ovHG iJ .f wiJ f rzd &k m>aem0>f uGDxl.avG>yg ½GOfwa&if [Jh>ygwGrf.tydkrl. tGOf.uGOfae; teD. EGL.Es>ay.wJif rmeJKif;wzl.avG>om;yGHK. xef.avG>aoGmh EGdKUuGD w,f>,dk>cef; armif.ul.vD.vrf; w[meD[moGL? &JqD>rv> tHkw,f>EGdKif.w[m rGL;xGdKif.av ul.vD.armif. avG>xm>rm> ced .f xKdGi.f wKdG.awmG >h ]]az.cgp&yd f av>G aomG vh ikJ ;f ? r>hJ e'D KdG.az.'sm.}} uGD'GdK.EGdKif.aq>cef; tH.tG>eJKif;aem0f>oGL/ opJ uf v>tciG >f wiJ f p&yd ef 0>f rO.f <uKd U>tx.l epJ af v>G ajz>zKdG i>f z.kH ? [al [m0zf .kH ? um;uv.kd awmG > ee>f uykd KHG .p.H twKdG i>f 'KdG .&OJ >f w;J 0g;ce;f 'OJ af [m0[f e.f xzD .kH [e.f oiJ ef oD rHG sK>d z.kH oLG /

38 ukrÇaCmou0w¬Kcef> ul.vD.armif. rm>apm0f;xm>rm> xGdKif.azsmfvGL;wJif wJ;0g;cef;awGmh> ul.vD.armif.o>xGdKif.&a&mh> ]]eDyif.yef>ig.}} tausmi>f uwDG ,>f xy,f i;f w[me[D moLG ? 'OJ [f mwm.z.kH ? rGL;a&m0f>eDwm.zHk.vJh ,dktwGdKif> 'GdK.vGL;wJ;0g;awGmh> ul.vD. armif. o>xGdKif.&a&mh> uGDw,f>xyfxyf,if;oGL/ aem0f>wGif> ul.vD.armif. uaAif.'if.'g.ul.cif. ul. <uOzf .kH ,kd a0>G o;D rKdG ;ykd a'gG U>xahJ w>h oi;f [e.f wiJ f u.l v.D armi.f opJ vf OG tf 'kH i.f ai:>aci.f x>kd vwhJ viJ .f ? xNhJcKd U>xaH e;vwhJ viJ .f u.l v.D armi.f c.H Am.ce;f oLG ? a0>G o;D rKdG ;yBkdupJ 'f sm. ]]v>kd ay. vr;f vif vGOfvGL>vGOfa'GgY>}}oGL/ ]]uGyfoDrGdK;ydk t0f.tHkw,f>wJif actG OG .f aAmG icf g>wcg> yg.orD KdG;y'kd sm.}}u.l v.D armi.f xKdGi.f ½>kd awmG >h ]]w,0f;a0G> armif.? ach>vJOf; cdef.avG>vifvifarG;'GKrf az. aAi.f n>D aAm>h em>u.l ukd wacg0vf ikJ ;f yrkd .l }}½>kd xLG wiJ f yrkd .l vhJ [>hJ aAi.f ? rKdG ;vxhJ OG .f aAi.f n>D ce;f yrkd .l uaAi.f u.l avmi;f wacg0f oLG / t[maem0>f a&m>f &,>f ce;f 0i>f ? yrkd .l apmG if KdG ;oi.f ce;f xm> a'g>h e,cf e;f rKdG ;wiJ f ]]a,m0;f a0>G vikJ ;f yrkd .l ? em>vvhJ .kd vOJ ;f 0g>? armi.f vhJ v.kd vOJ ;f rm}}rKdG;vhJ ½>kd csmeKJi;f aem0>f awmG >h u.l v.D armi.f e0f> eif>rdzk&m> tGOf.xGmavG>cef; trwjzm>oGL/ cg.eoD eHG >D tzyD &,d m,.f wiJ f ]]u.l v.D wz>l ukd pKGr.f vr;f ,Hrm>Am.yG,f>? rm>w0f;om; aqmif.&GOfwH.}}t0f.cGefa[mfcH> au.nm.vGOfcef; trdef;oGL? tzDvJh½dk> ]]cGeftm.Pm.aem0f> vKdGxKdGuaf wm0;f ? y,G >f p&yd af em0>f x.l ig;aomG 0h i>f ? qycf smeKJ i;f

c'k u´ eud m,f usr>f rsw\"f ry® ' 39 rikJ >f v>'sm.}}wiJ f u.l v.D armi.f vhJ a0>G &OG af tmiuf kd a0>G axaw>h &GOf'*Fg>wAD. tyfaxhcef; tzDyG,f>p&dyfoGL/ cg.eoD eHG >D y,G >f upd aö yg.vOG zf siwf iJ f av>G axaw>h ,i;f '*gF >eoD AHG .D tyaf x,h i;f tzxD s>wviJ .f oLG ? y,G >f p&yd f aem0>f tzDoGHK>awh>'sm. tzDoD;yapö>? a0G>uaz.orse0f> tzDyom aw>h ceG af [mcf >H xs>oLG ? tzaD z.aw>h tcsuaf wmG >h cg.eoD eHG >D ceG vf >kd vOG qf rG >f x.l a0>G wiJ f a0>G azsmcf e;f ceG zf >hJ ig cr.f Am.ce;f ceG f pJpfaq>oGL/ a0.G usr.f BupJ vf hJ ceG of r;f ys>e,f a0>G '*gF >? or;f x.D a0>G rm a0G>zD (rdzk&m>oD;rGdK;ydk) ae;wGrf. eef>t$cdKif;tqG t0f. ttkH aomi&f i>f wiJ f ]]ac,G kd rKdGuvf OJ ;f }}aopiJ ;f ce;f tc&m.oLG ? o>0>ce;f awmG >h ]]u,.f aomG h acoG OG ;f aA.G }}avm0;f awmi>f jye.f axhcef; cGefaAG.eJKif;aem0f>oGL/ ]]'i.f vOG vf Ykvd Yked m>½OG rf > actG .D u,.f }}ceG xf KdGi.f ½>kd csmeKJi;f aem0>f wiJ f a0>G uaDG vm? 'i.f yomvOG cf e;f a0>G yap>ö ? tOG .f NyKH . ce;f a[m0f iJ >f uokd LG ? ceG vf hJ [>hJ v>kd a0i>f tOG .f ac;NyiJ .f 0i>f yap>ö aEGmif>awm0f; a0G>yapö>oGL? vdk>a0if>zHk. qE´tv> cGef'if. arsmuaf v>G ce;f a0>G oaX>wetf &m.? r*vF m.az.ygce;f yrkd .l ei>f xGLawGmh> [Jh>yga0G>? avG>0Jkif.axhbk&m>? avm0f;axhygcef; eJKif;ig,dkoGL/

40 ukrÇaCmou0w¬Kcef> ]]yg>,kd vu>f ar;G aA.G ? yap>ö atm0.f uak #. yOvf p>f qvD hJ uRm;awm0f;? acGwefarGmh rmexGdKif.w0f;? rm>eJKif;qif>&,f> yGHK.vGL;terf;? acGoGOf;y&d,m,f.ae;wJif tGOf.awmvGOfvJOf; tyapö>? az.tyfvJof; oaX>t&m.? r*Fvm.az.vJOf; ydkrl.? v>kd x>l v>kd vu>f eKJ i;f a0>G ,kd x.D zakd wm0;f Am.aA.G }}ceG xf KdG i.f v0;f eJKif;aem0f>wJif aAG.bk&m>vJh - ]]rO.f qi>f &,>f ced .f vLG ;er;f eKJ i;f ,rkd > AmG piof LG ? vLG ; erf;vJhAGmpif? csif;ac.vJht0f.? uJkif;vJhuJkif;e0f> weD>cg yJif. qiJ .f Am.yap>ö uKG e>f tmtre.f ? x.l peG wf ceG >f EKdG i.f ae; 0i>f yap>ö aem0f> b0,dkb0ig armh>aEGmif>xm>,yf>}}tausmif> a[mf> csmxLG wiJ f a[m>f oKG yif gav>G yg w&m>vumF . aig0;f *g.xm.eKJ i;f ig,dkwyk'foGL/ O|me0awm owDrawm ? okpdur®ó edor®um&daem / onwó \"r®ZD0daem ? tyÜrwåó ,aom bd0¹wd / O|me0awm - uuikJ ;f w;J 'g.? owrd awm - owd uvKG r;f w;J 'g.? opk ud ró® - ajzmi;f ajz.er;f BuKd upi.f Mu,.f wJ;'g.? edor®um&daem - rm>eJKif;rJkif> xGmeJKif;rJkif> qif.csif. xLG r> urm>ao.em;'g.? onwó - [0wf 0;f rsK>d rsK>d utKdGef aEmG i>f w;J 'g.? \"rZ® 0D ad em - vLG ;er;f uw&m>w;J 'g.? tyrÜ w-å ó(p)- ½kyfemrf.avmif; owduvGKrf;ao.em; 'g.yk*¾dKvf. twm.e0f>? ,aom - yapö>vGdKif.uGKef> wGrf.cD.rGH>tH.jzm. ausmif.xif.osm>a[m0fpm; ,dkeDrsKd>aem0f>? tbd0¹wd -