Mooladhanam Matham- Full Book

101Fw.-_n. cmtPjv aqe-[\\w aXw cm{„obw ØXv? ^mknÃv Cc-´-Øm-∏n-s‚bpw Ah-k-c-hm-Z-Øn-t‚bpw \\nIr- jvSa- mb DZmlcW- a- mW- nX- v. hnj-Øm-a-c-bpsS cmjv{Sobw awKe- m]- pcw kw`h- ß- f- psS cmj{v Sobw F¥mW?v I¿WmS- I- b- n¬, Z£nt- W¥- yb- ne- mZ- ya- mbn _nsP]- nb- psS hnjØ- ma- c hncn™- X- ns‚ ]›mØ- e- Ø- ne- mWv At\\zj- nt- °≠- X- v. C¥yb- n¬ a‰p ]eb- nS- Øp -sa-∂-t]mse I¿Wm-S-I-bnepw _nsP-]n-bpsS A[n-Im-cm-tcm-lWw lnµp-Xz-Xo-{h-hm-Z-sØbpw h¿Kob {[pho-I-c-W-sØbpw i‡n-s∏- SpØ- nb- nc- n°- p∂- p. {iocma- t- k\\- t- ]me- p≈ lnµpXz am^nbm kwLß- fpsS D¤-hhpw {]h¿Ø-\\-ßfpw Cu cmjv{So-b-hp-ambn {]Xy-£- ambn _‘-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂p. {iocm-a-tk\\ kwL-]-cn-hm-dn¬ AwK-am- bmepw Cs√¶- nepw Ccph- cpw ]¶ps- h°- p∂- Xv Htc {]Xyb- i- mk- {v Xhpw cmjv{So-b-hp-am-Wv. AXm-Is´ Xo{h-ln-µp-Xz-Øn-t‚-Xp-am-Wv. CØcw i‡nI- sf Cf°- nh- nS- p∂- X- n\\p ]n∂n¬ Bk∂- a- mb sXc- s™S- p∏p ap∂n¬I≠v Xo{hl- nµ- pXz \\ne]- mS- nt- e°- p≈- _nsP]- nbp sS NphS- pa- m‰- h- pa- p≠- v. \\mKv]qc- n¬ AZzm\\- nb- psS {]kwK- Ø- n¬ \\nd- ™p-\\n-∂-Xv. Pbv {iocmw ap{Zm-hm-Iy-am-bn-cp-∂p-sh-∂Xv {it≤-b-am- W.v cmas\\ X߃ ad∂- n´- ns- √∂- p≈ AZzm\\- nb- psS {]Jym]- \\w sXc- s™S- p∏- ns‚ ]›mØ- e- Ø- n¬ A{Ia- mk- ‡ lnµpX- zØ- nt- e°- p≈ aS-ßn-t∏m-°n-s‚ kqN-\\-bm-Wv. Cu aS-ßn-t∏m°v kao-]-ImeØv _nsP-]n-°p-≠mb Xncn-®-Sn-I-fpsS \\ncm-i-bpw-B-tKm-f-km-º-ØnI {]Xnk- ‘- nb- S- °- a- p≈ k¶o¿Æ kak- yI- sf A`nk- wt- _m[- \\ sN øm\\- p≈ Ignh- n√- mb- vabpw P\\ß- ƒ°p ap∂n¬ AhX- c- n∏- n°- m\\- p≈ Imcy-£-a-amb Hcp ]cn-]m-Sn-bpsS A`m-hhpw \\nan-Ø-am-Wv. _nsP]n Xo{h lnµp-X- z-Øn-te°v aS-ßp-I-b-√msX KXy-¥-c-an- s√∂v \\niv-N-bn-®p-d-∏n-®p-I-gn-™-tXmsS Hcp Imcyw kv]jvS-am-bn-cn- °p∂- p. hcm\\- nc- n°- p∂- Xv \\yq\\]- £- ß- ƒ°pw ZfnX- ¿°pw k{v XoIƒ °pw FXnc- mb ]pXnb IS∂- m{- Ia- W- ß- f- psS thent- b‰- a- mb- nc- n°- pw. Act- ßd- m\\- nc- n°- p∂ B ^mknÃv B{Ia- W- ß- f- psS apJh- pc am{X- amWv awKe- m]- pcw kw`h- ß- ƒ. tZim`- na- m\\n hmcnI, 2009 s^{_p-hcn

102 aqe-[\\w aXw cm{„obw Fw.-_n. cmtPjv Xmen-_m\\pw kwL-]-cn-hmdpw ip`hm¿ØI- s- fm∂pw A^Kv m\\- nÿ- m\\- n¬\\n∂v hcmX- mb- n´v Ime- tas- db- mb- n´- p≠- v. AXmcpw {]Xo£- n°- p∂- pa- n√- . F∂m¬ A]c- nj- vIr- XXzw Acß- ph- mW a[yI- me- Ø- ns‚ IdpØ kvacW- I- ƒ DW¿Øp- ∂ hm¿Ø-Iƒ°v Ipd-hn√Xm\\pw. Ipcp-Xn-Ifpw sImSpw-]m-X-I-ßfpw Gsd sNbvXv Iø-d-∏p-am-dnb Xmen-_m≥ `oI-c¿ a\\p-jy-cm-in-bpsS kwkvIm-c-Øns‚ Aaq-ey-ß- fmb CuSph- b- v]pI- ƒ°v t\\scb- mWv Bbp[- ß- ƒ hn\\yk- n®- nc- n°- p- ∂X- v. Xmen_- m≥ ta[mhn ap√ A_vZp≈ Ha¿ ]pds- ∏S- ph- n® I¬∏- \\-sb-Øp-S¿∂m-cw-`n® _man-bm-\\nse _p≤-{]-Xna XI¿°p∂ {]{Inb Ct∏mgpw A`w-Kpcw XpS-cp-I-bm-Wv. 1500 h¿jw ]g-°-ap- ≈Xpw temI-Øn¬ sh®v G‰hpw hen-b-Xp-amb {]Xn-a-I-fmWv t_mw_pw sj√p-Ifpw D]-tbm-Kn®v A⁄m-X-amb Hcp ]I-tbmsS Xmen-_m≥ \\in-∏n-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. {]Xna XI¿°p-∂-Xn\\v Ah¿ ]db- p∂ \\ymbw hn{Kl- ß- ƒ A\\n…- ma- nIamsW∂- mW- v. Cu \\ioI- c- W {]{Inb- b- n¬ \\n∂v Xmen_- ms\\ ]n¥nc- n∏- n°- m\\pw A\\p- \\b- n∏- n°- m\\- pa- p≈ {iaß- s- f√mw ]cmP- b- s- ∏´- nc- n°- pI- b- mW- .v bp F≥ sk{I-´dn P\\-d¬ tIm^n A∂≥ Xs∂ cwK-sØ-Øn-bn´pw ^e-ap- ≠m-bn-√. A\\n-…m-an-I-sa-∂-Xp-sIm≠v {]Xn-a-Isf Xmen-_m≥ A\\- `na- X- -ambn ImWp∂- ps- h¶- n¬ Ah hmß- m≥ Xømd- m-sW∂v {Kokpw \\yqtbm¿°nse sat{Sm-s]m-fo-‰≥ ayqkn-bhpw hmKvZm\\w sNbvXn-cp- ∂p. F∂m¬ CXpt- ]mepw \\nck- n® Xmen_- m≥ {]Xna- I- ƒ apgph- ≥ XI¿Øp\\- nc∏m°- ntb ASßq F∂ hminb- ne- mW- v.

103Fw.-_n. cmtPjv aqe-[\\w aXw cm{„obw Xmen-_ms‚ Cu kwkvIm-c-cm-ln-Xy-Øn-s\\-Xn-sc -temIw apgp- h≥ {]Xnt- j[w Db¿Øn°- g- n™- p. Xmen_- m≥ k¿°mc- ns\\ AwKo- Ic- n®- n´- p≈ temIsØ aqt∂a- q∂v k¿°mc- pI- ƒ ]mInÿ- m≥, kuZn Atd-_y, bp.-F.C F∂n-h-bmWv. Ah t]mepw {]Xna XI¿°¬ \\S]- S- nsb ]n¥pW- °- p∂- n√- . C…ma- n\\v hncp≤- s- a∂ Bt{Imi- h- pa- mbn {`m¥p-]n-Sn® aX-au-en-I-hm-Zn-Iƒ \\S-Øp∂ IncmX {]hr-Ønsb ap…nw kwLS- \\- I- fpw AwKoI- c- n°- p∂- n√- . C…ma- ns- \\°- pd- n®- p≈ hnIr- X-[m-c-W-Ifpw Jpdms‚ Zp¿∆m-b-\\-bp-amWv Xmen-_m≥ \\S-]-Sn-°m- [mc- w F∂v Ahs- c√mw Ip‰s- ∏S- pØ- p∂- p. kønZv jlm_- p±- ns- \\t- ∏m- ep≈ C¥y-bnse ap…nw t\\Xm-°ƒ Xmen-_m≥ \\S-]Sn C…m-anI hncp-≤hpw Ncn-{X-tØm-Sp≈ ]mX-I-hp-am-sW-∂mWv hnti-jn-∏n-°p- ∂-Xv. Ncn-{X-kvam-c-I-߃ GsX-¶nepw cmPy-Øn-s‚tbm k¿°m-cn- s‚tbm aX-hn-`m-K-Øn-s‚tbm am{Xw kzØ-s√∂pw AXv am\\-h-cm- in-°msI Ah-Im-i-s∏-´-Xm-sW∂pw Xmen-_m≥ \\S-]-Sn-Isf FXn¿°p∂- h- ¿ Hm¿Ωn∏- n°- p∂- p. ckI- c- a- mb hkvXpX Xmen_- m≥ ImS-ØsØ FXn¿°p-∂-h¿s°m∏w hmPn-t]-bnbpw kwL-]-cn-hm- chpw IqSnb- nc- n°- p∂- ps- h∂- X- mW- v. Ct∏mƒ Xmen-_ms\\ FXn¿°p∂ kwL-]-cn-hm-dns‚ Ncn{Xw \\·-ambn \\ΩpsS apºn-ep-≠-t√m. ap°m¬ \\q‰m-≠ns‚ If¶ ]¶n- ea- mb Ncn{- XØ- n¬ Ah¿ sNbXv pI- q´- nb ]mXI- ß- fpw A\\oX- nI- fpw Xmen-_m-\\p-ambn A¤p-X-I-c-amb kmZriyw ]pe¿Øp-∂-h-bm-Wv. Xmen_- ms‚ {`mt¥mf- s- aØ- nb C…ma- ns‚ aXa- ue- nI- h- mZ- hpw kwL- ]c- nh- md- ns‚ XØpe- ya- mb Xo{hX- b- p≈ sslµh aXa- ue- nI- h- mZ- hpw XΩn-ep≈ hyXym-k-Øns‚ AXn-cp-Iƒ GsX-¶nepw kq£va-Z¿in- \\n°p th¿Xn-cn-s®-Sp-°m-\\m-hptam? Hc¿∞-Øn¬ Xmen-_ms‚ C¥y≥ ]Xnt∏m AtXm Cc-´-k-tlm-Z-c≥ Xs∂tbm kwLv F∂p tXm∂n∏- n°- pwh- n[w AXni- b- I- c- a- mWv. Cu kam\\- X- shfnh- m°- p∂ F{Xtbm kµ¿`-߃ Ncn-{X-Ønepw h¿Ø-am-\\-Ønepw \\ap°p Is≠-Øm-\\m-hpw. {]Xna XI¿°p-∂Xv XS-bm-s\\-Ønb bp F≥ {]Xn-\\n-[n-tbmSv A^vKm≥ hntZ-i-a{¥n ]d-™Xv \"\"B¿°pw ]n¥n- cn-∏n-°m≥ Ign-bmØ aX-]-c-amb {]iv\\-am-Wn-Xv'' F∂m-bn-cp-∂p. (Frontline March 30)kam\\- a- mb Hcp hmZw C¥yb- nepw Gsd apgß- n- t°´- Xv Hm¿°p∂- nt√? \"\"tImSX- n°pw \\nbaØn\\pw CSs- ]S- m≥ A[n-

104 aqe-[\\w aXw cm{„obw Fw.-_n. cmtPjv Im-c-an-√mØ hnizm-k-Øns‚ {]iv\\w'' F∂v ]d™v _m_dn akvPnZv {]iv\\sØ {]Xn-tcm-[n-°m≥ {ian® B¿ Fkv Fkns‚ hmZ-Øn\\v Xmen-_ms‚ `mjy-hp-ambn F¥p hyXym-k-am-Wp-≈Xv? _m_dn akvPnZv kwLw tN¿∂v B{I-an®v XI¿Ø B¿ Fkv F- kns‚ IncmX- Xzw Xmen_- m≥ \\S]- Sns°m∏w \\n¬°m≥ A¿la- t√? _m_dn akvPnZv XI¿Ø ÿeØv t£{Xw ]Wn-bp-∂Xv tZio-b- hn-Im-c-am-sW∂v ]d™v aX-{`m-¥sc ]pfIw sIm≈n-°p∂ hmPvt]bn Xmen-_m≥ \\S-]-Snsb FXn¿°p-∂Xv Bfl-h-©-\\-b- √msX as‰m∂- pa- √- . {]Xna XI¿°p∂- X- ns\\ \\ymboIc- n°- m≥ Xmen- _m≥ Db¿Øp∂ Hcp hmZw _m_vdn akvPnZv XI¿Ø lnµp Xo{h- hmZ- nI- f- psS \\S]- S- nb- ms- W∂pw Hm¿°W- w. AXnt- \\mSv kwL]- c- nh- m¿ kwLS- \\- b- mb _P- vdwK- vZf- ns‚ {]XnI- c- W- a- mI- s´ `bm\\- I- h- pa- mW- v. Cu \\S]- S- nb- psS {]XymL- mXw C¥yb- nse ap…- o߃ A\\p`- h- nt- °- ≠nh- c- ps- a∂- mWv _Pcv wKZv f- ns‚ `ojW- n. aX{- `m¥- n¬ BcmWv apºn- se∂v a’c- n°- pI- b- mW- nh- ¿. Xmen_- m≥ _manb- m\\- nepw a‰pw _p≤ {]Xna- I- ƒ XI¿°pt- ºmƒ kwL-]-cn-hmdpw AwK-kw-L-S-\\-Ifpw ChnsS G¿s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂Xpw hyXy-kvX-amb tPmen-bn-e√. \\mSmsI IrkvXy≥ ]≈n-Ifpw Ipcn- i-Sn-Ifpw F¥n-t- \\sd I\\ym-a-T-ßfpw XI¿°p-I-bpw- I-\\ym-kv{Xo-I- sf-t∏mepw A]-am-\\n-°p-I-bp-am-Wt√m B¿.-F-kv.-F-kv. sNbvXp-h- cp∂- X- v. tIcf- Ø- nse B¿.F- k- v.F- k- pI- m¿°ms- W¶- n¬ Ipcni- S- nI- ƒ am{X-a√ Kpcp-{]-Xn-a-Iƒt]mepw XI¿°m≥ a\\x-k- m-£n-°p-Øp-≠m- bn√- . C\\nbpw XI¿°m\\- p≈ A\\ya- X- ÿ- m]- \\- ß- f- ps- Sbpw Bcm[- - \\m-e-b-ß-fp-sSbpw enÃpw tXSn-bp≈ s\\t´m-´-Øn-emWv kwL-]-cn- hmc- w. Xmen-_m\\pw kwL-]-cn-hm-chpw Ccp-c- m-Py-ß-fnepw \\S-∏m-°p∂ ^mknÃv imk\\- I- f- ns- e√mw Cu kam\\- X ImWmw. A^vKm\\- nÿ- m- \\n¬ kv{XoIƒ ho´ne- nc- n°- pt- ºmƒt]mepw _p¿J [c- n°- W- s- a∂pw _ n¬ bm{X sNøp-tºmƒ ad-bp≈ {]tXyI Ccn-∏n-S-߃ thW- sa∂pw hoSn\\- p]- pd- Øv tPmen sNbXv pI- qs- S∂pw ImbnI- a- ’- c- ß- f- n¬ ]s¶S- p°c- ps- X∂pw a‰pw a‰pa- p≈ FÆnb- ms- emS- pß- mØ hne°- pI- - fpsS Nß-e-]q-´p-Iƒ Xo¿°p-I-bmWv Xmen-_m≥. U¬ln-bnse kvIqƒ hnZym¿∞n\\nIfpw sP F≥ bp hnse A[ym-]n-I-amcpw

105Fw.-_n. cmtPjv aqe-[\\w aXw cm{„obw _tdmU bqWn-th-gvkn-‰n-bnse hnZym¿∞n-\\n-Ifpw ]men-t°≠ hkv{X-[m-cW Nn´-I-sf-°p-dn®v D{K-im-k\\ ]pd-s∏-Sp-hn® kwL-]- cn-hm¿ kwL-S-\\-I-fpsS hgn-Ifpw Xmen-_m-\\n¬\\n∂v Gsd hyXy- kvXa- √- . Ccp- aX- a- ue- nI i‡nI- f- ps- Sbpw kv{Xohnc- p≤- X- b- psS Imcy- Øn-ep≈ kam-\\-X-bmWv ChnsS {]I-S-am-Ip-∂-Xv. Zo]-ta-Ø-bpsS ^b¿, hm´¿ XpS-ßnb Ne-®n-{X-ßsf `mc-Xob kv{Xo k¶-ev]-ß- fpsS t]cn¬ th´b- mS- nb- Xpw ad°- md- mb- n´- n√- t- √m. Snhn°pw kn\\na- I- ƒ°pw ISpØ \\nb{- ¥W- ß- f- mW- v Xmen_- m≥ G¿-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p-≈-Xv. C…m-anI kwkvIm-c-Øn-s\\-Xn-cmb PohnX aqey-߃ {]N-cn-∏n-°p-∂p-sh-∂m-tcm-]n-®mWv F√m hmXn-ep-Ifpw sIm´n-b-S®v Ccp-fns‚ temIw Xmen-_m≥ kzbw Xo¿°p-∂-Xv. Cu kmw-kvIm-cnI Ak-ln-jvWpX kwL-]-cn-hm-dn-s‚bpw apJ-ap-{Z-bm- Wv. \\·Xm {]Z¿i\\w \\S-Øp-∂p-sh∂ t]cn¬ Nne Sn hn Nm\\-ep- Iƒ \\ntcm[- n®- Xpw CjvSa- n√- mØ kn\\na- I- ƒ°p hnet- °¿s∏S- pØ- p- ∂X- ps- a√mw DZml- c- W- ß- ƒ. ]m›mX- yk- wk- Iv mc- Ø- ns- \\X- nc- mb Ipcn- ipb- p≤- s- a∂v {]Jym]- n®v hmes- s‚≥ Zn\\Ø- n¬ bphX- ob- ph- m°- sf B{I-an-®Xpw Im¿Uv tjm∏p-Iƒ sIm≈-b-Sn-®Xpw P\\p-hcn H∂v ]pXp-h¿j-ambn BtLm-jn-®p-Iq-sS∂v I¬]n-°p-∂-Xp-sa√mw Cu Akl- nj- Wv pX- b- psS `mKw Xs∂. am[ya- ß- fpw Nm\\e- pI- f- ps- am∂pw Po¿Æaqe- yß- ƒ D¬∏mZ- n∏- n°- p∂- ns- √∂- √- , Ahsb hnime- a- mb Hcp kmwkvImc- nI Hu∂X- yØ- n¬\\n∂v {]Xnt- cm[- n°- p∂- X- n\\- p]- I- cw aX- ]-c-amb k¶p-Nn-X-Xz-Øns‚ N´-°q-´n¬\\n∂v A‘-ambpw hnth-I- iq\\- ya- mbpw FXn¿°pI- bpw lnwkb- g- n®- ph- nS- pI- b- pa- mWv B¿ Fkv Fkv sNøp-∂-Xv. CXmWv ^mkn-k-Øns‚ coXn, Xmen-_m≥ B¿ Fkv Fkpa- mbn tbmPn°- p∂- Xpw Chns- Sb- mW- v. B¿ Fkv Fkpw Xmen-_m\\pw XΩn-ep-≈-Xp-t]m-se-sbmcp kmZriyw hn⁄m\\ hntcm[- Ø- ns- ‚bpw kwkIv mc iq\\yX- b- ps- Sbpw ImcyØ- n¬ Ncn{- XØ- n¬ F√m°- me- Øpw aXa- ue- nI- h- mZ- nI- ƒ XΩn- ep-≠m-bn-´p-≠v. temI-Ønse G‰hpw henb hn⁄m-\\-ti-J-c-am-bn- cp∂ Ae-Ivkm¨{Un-b-bnse sse{_-dn-bn¬sN∂v F√m Adn-hp- Ifpw Jp¿B- \\- ne- ps- ≠∂v Bt{Imi- n®- v as- ‰√m ]pkvXI- ß- fpw c≠m- bnc- t- Ømfw ASp∏- pI- f- nen´v IØn®v ]´mf- °- m¿°v Ipfn°- m≥ sh≈w NqSm°- nb Jeo^- b- psS ]n≥apd- °- mc- mWv Xmen_- m≥ Dƒs∏s- Sb- p≈

106 aqe-[\\w aXw cm{„obw Fw.-_n. cmtPjv C…m-anI aX-au-en-I-hm-Zn-I-sf√mw Xs∂. C∏p-dsØ B¿ Fkv Fkv Dƒs∏s- Sb- p≈ sslµh ^mknÃ- pI- f- mh- s´ thZß- ƒ°pw D]- \\nj- Ø- pI- ƒ°pa- ∏- pdw H∂pa- ns- √∂pw as‰√m Adnh- pI- fpw Xnck- vI- cn°- s- ∏t- S≠- X- ms- W∂pw hmZn°- p∂- p. P¿Ω\\- nb- nse ln‰vedpw CXp- t]mse X߃°n-jvS-an-√mØ ]pkvX-I-߃ IØn-°p-Ibpw kvac- W-Isf C√m-X- m-°p-Ibpw sNbv-Xn-´p-≠v. Ak-ln-jvWp-X-bp-sSbpw kwkIv mc- i- q\\- yX- b- ps- Sbpw km¿∆e- uI- nI- a- mb e£W- ß- f- mWv Ch. A^vKm-\\n-ÿm≥ Hcn-°¬IqSn B ]mT-߃ Hm¿Ωn-∏n-°p-I-bm-Wv. Xmen-_m\\pw kwL-]-cn-hm-dp-amWv C∂sØ ImeØv B ^mkn- ksØ {]Xn-\\n-[o-I-cn-°p-∂-Xv. Xmen-_m≥ A^vKm-\\n-ÿms\\ Fßs\\ Hcp C…m-anI cm{„-am-°m≥ B{K-ln-°p-∂pthm AXp- t]mse Xs∂ C¥ysb Hcp lnµ- pc- m{- „a- m°- m≥ kwL]- c- nh- mc- hpw bXv\\n-°p-∂p. coXn-I-fnepw ssien-I-fnepw IpSn-e-amb taml-ß-fn- ep-sa√mw Ah¿ H∂m-Wv, Htc Xqh¬ ]£n-I-fm-Wv. Nn¥, 2010 am¿®v

107Fw.-_n. cmtPjv aqe-[\\w aXw cm{„obw `oI-c-X-bpsS lnµp-Xz-apJw ateKmhv kvt^mS\\- t- °k- n¬ AdÃ- ne- mb- h- sc tNmZyw sNbvX- t∏mƒ ]pd-Øp-h-∂ hnh-c-߃ `oI-cX kw_-‘- n®v \\ne-\\n-∂n-cp∂ F√m ap≥hn[n-I-sfbpw Hcn-°¬IqSn Xpd-∂p-Im-Wn-°p-∂-Xm-Wv. _m_dn akvPnZv XI¿Ø-t∏mgpw t_mws_ Iem-]-Ønepw KpP- dmØv hwil- X- yb- nepw G‰h- ps- amS- ph- n¬ Hdok- b- nepw A\\mh- c- Ww sNø-s∏´ kwL-SnX \"lnµpXz' `oI-c-X-bpsS thsdm-cp-X-e-amWv Ct∏mƒ ]pdØ- ph- ∂- X- v. AXps- Im≠- pX- s- ∂b- mWv ateK- mhv `oIc- m- {Ia- W- t- Ik- nse AdÃ- pI- ƒ cmPysØ \\Sp°- ns- b∂v ssSw amKk- n≥ (\\h- w. 13,2008) ]db- p∂- X- .v kwL]- c- nh- m¿ t\\XrXzw \\¬Ip∂ clky- `oIc irwJ-e°v ssk-\\y-Øn¬t∏mepw IÆn-I-fp-s≠∂ kvt^mS- \\mfl- I- a- mb hkvXpX- I- f- mW- nt- ∏mƒ temIa- d- n™- nc- n°- p∂- - X- v. ateK- mhv `oIc- m{- Ia- W- t- - °k- n¬ BZyw AdÃ- ne- mb {]Kymk- nMv Tm°qd- ns‚ kwL]- c- nh- m¿_‘w A\\nt- j[- ya- mb sXfnh- pI- t- fmsS ]pdØ- mb- t- ∏mƒ Ahsc \\ymboI- c- n°- m\\pw kwc£- n°- m\\pw ]cnh- m¿ t\\cn´v cwKØ- nd- ß- n. B¿.F- k- v.F- k- ns‚ hnZym¿∞n hn`mK- a- mb F _n- hn- ]n-bpsS tZiob FIvkn-Iyq-´ohv AwK-am-bn-cp∂ {]Kym-kn- Mn\\v _n sP ]n A[y-£≥ cmPv\\mYv knMv Dƒs∏-sS-bp≈ D∂X t\\Xr-Xz-hp-am-bp≈ _‘-Øns‚ Npcp-f-gn-™n-cn-°p-∂p. ate-Kmhv kvt^mS-\\-Øns‚ _p≤n-tI-{µ-ambn {]h¿Øn® Zbm-\\µv ]msfi, ]≤Xn \\S-∏m-°p-∂-Xn¬ apJy-]-¶p-h-ln-°p-Ibpw s]meokv ]nSn-bn- em-hp-Ibpw sNbvX se^v‰-\\‚ v tIW¬ {ioIm¥v {]kmZv ]ptcm- ln-Xv, as‰mcp {]Xn-bmb dn´. taP¿ kao¿ Ip¬°¿Wn F∂n-h-cp-

108 aqe-[\\w aXw cm{„obw Fw.-_n. cmtPjv sSbpw kwL]- c- nh- m¿_‘- ß- ƒ ÿm]n°- s- ∏´- nc- n°- p∂- p. AXps- Im- ≠p-X-s∂-bmWv {]Xn-Isf kwc-£n-°m\\pw \\nb-a-k-lmbw G¿s∏- Sp-Øn-s°m-Sp-°p-∂-Xn\\pw Hs°-bmbn kwL-]-cn-hm¿ cwK-Øn-d-ßn- bn-´p-≈Xpw. {]Xn-Isf \\mknIv tImS-Xn-bn¬ lmP-cm-°n-b-t∏mƒ Ah¿°v ]n¥pW {]Jym]- n®v ap{Zmh- mI- yß- ƒ apg°n \\qdpI- W- °- n\\v B¿ Fkv Fkv ˛ inh-tk\\m {]h¿Ø-I-cmWv tImS-Xn-]-cn-k-cØv XSn-®p-Iq-Sn-b-Xv. C∂-se-hsc `oI-c-X-s°-Xn-cmb t]mcm-´-Øns‚ t\\XrXzw AhI- mi- s- ∏´- nc- p∂ _n sP ]n Ct∏mƒ `oIc- ¿°pt- h≠n sXcph- ne- nd- ß- nb- nc- n°- p∂- p. ^mknÃv Cc´- Ø- m∏- ns‚ H∂m¥- cw DZm- lc- W- w. sslµ-h- Xo-{h-hmZw F∂ {]tbm-K-Øn-s\\-Xnsc Ct∏mƒ B¿ Fkv Fkpw _n sP ]nbpw Acniw sIm≈p-I-bm-Wv. lnµp-°fpw ap…n-ß-fp-amb alm-`q-cn-]-£-Øn\\v Xo{h-hm-Z-hp-ambn Hcp _‘-hp- an√ F∂Xv kXyw. B \\ne-bn¬ Xo{h-hm-ZsØ GsX-¶nepw kap- Zm-b-hp-ambn _‘-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂Xpw icn-b-√. kwL-]-cn-hm¿ {]Xn-\\n- [m\\w sNøp-Ibpw t{]m’m-ln-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂ k¶p-Nn-Xhpw hn`m-Kobhpamb \"lnµpXz'Øns‚ t]cn-ep≈ Xo{h-hm-Z-irw-Je cmPyØv Bg-Øn¬ thtcm-Sn-bn-´p-≠v F∂Xv bmYm¿∞y-am-Wv. kzX{¥ C¥y-bnse BZysØ `oI-cm-{I-aWw F∂v hnti-jn-∏n- °m-hp∂ Km‘n-h-[-Ønse {]Xn-I-sf√mw B¿.-F-kv.-F-kv. {]Xn-\\n- [m\\w sNøp∂ Xo{hl- nµ- pX- zØ- ns‚ h‡m°- f- mb- nc- p∂- ps- h∂- Xv Ncn- {X-k-Xyw. B ]mc-º-cy-Øns‚ ]n¥p-S¿®-°m-cmWv Ct∏m-gsØ lnµp-Xz-`o-Ic-X-bp-sSbpw h‡m-°ƒ F∂Xv bmZr-—n-I-a-√. {]Kym- knM- ns‚ \"Zp¿Kmh- ml- n\\n's°m∏w ateK- mhv B{Ia- W- Ø- n¬ {][m\\ ]¶ph- l- n®- Xv \"A`n\\- hv `mcXv' F∂ kh¿°¿ ÿm]n® kwLS- \\- - bmW- .v kh¿°d- psS acpa- I- s‚ `mcybpw Km‘nh- [- t- °k- nse as‰mcp {]Xn tKm]m¬ tKmUvtk-bpsS aI-fp-amb lnam\\n kh¿°-dmWv \"A`n-\\hv `mcXv' F∂ `oI-c-kw-L-S-\\-bpsS {]kn-U‚ v Ft∂m¿ °Ww. \"taP¿ kao¿ Ip¬°¿Wnsb (at- eK- mhv tIknse Hcp {]Xn) F\\n-°-dn-bmw. Fs∂-t∏mse At±-lhpw B¿ Fkv Fkns‚ `mK- am-bn-cp-∂p-'sh∂v lnam\\n ]d-bp-∂p. (Hu´v ep°v \\hw. 24, 2008) B¿ Fkv Fkv BWv `oI-c-irw-J-e-bpsS t\\Xr-ÿm-\\-Øv F∂- Xn\\v CXn¬∏cw sXfn-sh-¥p-thWw? alm-cm-{„-bnse tIm¨{Kkv

109Fw.-_n. cmtPjv aqe-[\\w aXw cm{„obw a{¥nk- `- b- nse D]a- pJ- ya- {¥n B¿ B¿ ]m´oe- ns‚ \"shSnb- p≠- bv°p ]Icw shSn-bp≠' F∂ {]kvXm-h-\\sb ]n¥p-W®v F¶n¬ F¥p- sIm≠v \"\"kvt^mS\\Øn\\p ]Icw kvt^mS\\w \\S-Øn-°q-Sm'' F∂ \\ymba- mWv lnam\\n Db¿Øp∂- X- v. \"lnµp Nmth¿ kwLß- ƒ' cq]o- Ic- n°- m\\- p≈ inht- k\\- b- psS Blzm\\- hpw CØc- pW- Ø- n¬ Hm¿t°- ≠-Xm-Wv. hf¿∂p-h-cp∂ C…m-anI `oI-c-Xsb lnµp `oI-cX sIm≠mWv t\\cnt- S≠- X- v F∂v inht- k\\- b- psS apJ]- {- Xa- mb kmav\\ apJ-{]-kwKw Fgp-Xn-bXpw ad-∂p-Iq-Sm. hnip-≤-d-a-Zm≥ amk-Øn-emWv ate-Kmhv kvt^mS\\w \\S-∂-Xv. AXn\\v DØ-c-hm-Zn-Iƒ C…m-anI Xo{h-hmZkw-L-S-\\-I-fmWv F∂ \\nKa- \\- a- mb- nc- p∂p BZya- p≠- mb- nc- p∂- X- .v F∂m¬, almc- m{- „- `oIchn- cp≤ kwLw \\S-Ønb Ad-Ãp-Iƒ ate-Kmhv kvt^mS-\\-Øns‚ ]n∂n¬ am{X-a√ 66 t]¿ acn®, kwtQmX FIvkv{]- n¬ 2007 s^{_ph- c- nb- n¬ \\S∂ kvt^mS\\- Ø- n\\p ]n∂nepw lnµpX- zi- ‡- nI- - fmWv F∂v sXfn-bn-®n-cn-°p-∂p. ap…nw `qcn-]-£-ta-J-e-I-fn¬ kw`- hn®- Xpw At\\zj- Ww hgna- p´- n\\- n∂- X- pa- mb aq∂v `oIc- m{- Ia- W tIkp- I-fn¬IqSn ate-Kmhv AdÃv hgn-Øn-cn-hm-tb-°p-sa-∂mWv Icp-X-s∏- Sp-∂-Xv. 2006 G{]n-en¬ U¬ln Ppam-a-kvPn-Znse Cc-´-kvt^m-S-\\w, 2007 tabn¬ sslZc- m_- mZ- nse sa° akPv nZv ktv ^mS\\- w, 2007 HItv Sm- _-dn¬ APvao-dnse IzmP sambv\\p-Zo≥ NnkvXn-Z¿K B{I-aWw F∂o kw`-h-ß-fnepw Cu i‡n-Iƒ°p-t\\sc kwi-b-ap-b¿∂n-´p- ≠v. ateK- mh- v, kwtQmX kvt^mS\\t°kpI- f- psS ssk\\nI- _- ‘w KpcpX- c- a- mb kmlN- c- ya- mWv kr„n®- nc- n°- p∂- X- v. C¥yb- psS Ncn{- X- Øn¬ BZy-am-bmWv ssk\\y-Øn¬ {]h¿Øn-°p∂ Hcp Hm^o-k¿ Xo{hh- mZ{]h¿Ø\\- Ø- n\\v AdÃ- ne- mI- p∂- X- v. tIcfØn¬ Xo{h-hm-ZsØ t\\cn-Sm≥ ^e-{]-Z-ambn {]h¿Øn- °p∂ s]meo-k- n\\pw k¿°m-dn-\\p-sa-Xnsc Btcm-]-W-ap-∂-bn-°p∂ bp.-Un.-F-^v. t\\Xm-°ƒ Cu Imcy-Øn¬ F¥p ]-d-bp∂p? anen-‰dn C‚e- nP- ≥kpw tdmbpw sF _nbpw F√mw D≠mb- n´pw ssk\\yØ- n¬ B¿ Fkv Fkp-Im¿ \\pg-™p-I-b-dn-bXpw `oI-cm-{I-a-W-Øn\\v ssk\\nI Hm^o-k¿Xs∂ ]≤Xn Xømdm-°n-bXpw I≠p-]n-Sn-°m- \\m-Im-ØXv s]mdp-°m-hp∂ hogvN-bmtWm? alm-cm{„ F Sn Fkv

110 aqe-[\\w aXw cm{„obw Fw.-_n. cmtPjv Cu hnhc- ß- ƒ ]pdØ- ps- Im≠- ph- ∂- n√- mb- nc- ps- ∂¶- n¬ `oIc- ¿ ssk\\y- Øn¬ XpS-cp-am-bn-cp-∂n-t√? AXns‚ {]Xym-Lm-X-߃ F{X-am{Xw KpcpX- c- a- mb- nc- n°pw? ssk\\y-Øn¬ Dƒs∏sS `c-W-IqS ÿm]-\\-ß-fn-se√mw B¿ Fkv Fkv \\pg-™p-I-b-dn-bn-´p≠v F∂v CS-Xp-]£w Nq≠n-°m-´n- bXv icnh- b- v°p∂ kw`h- ß- f- mWv Ct∏mƒ ]pdØ- ph- c- p∂- X- v. kmbp- [-tk-\\-I-fn-te°pw C‚-en-P≥kv GP≥kn-I-fp-te°pw _yqtdm{-I- knb- nt- e°pw \\pg™- pI- b- d- m\\- p≈ ]≤Xn B¿ Fkv Fkn\\v F°m- e-Øp-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂v ap≥ \\mhn-I-tk\\m ta[mhn AUvan-d¬ hnjWv p `Kh- Xv Nq≠n°- mW- n°- p∂- p≠- .v At±l- sØ ap≥ _n.s- P.]n Kh¨sa‚ v ]pdØ- m°- pI- b- mb- nc- p∂- p. ap≥ ssk\\nI DtZymK- ÿ- sc kwLS- n∏- n®v B¿ Fkv Fkv ]q¿ht- k\\- m]- c- nj- Øv F∂ kwLS- - \\b- v°pX- s∂ cq]w sImSpØ- n´- p≠- v. _n sP ]nbv°pw Hcp Un^≥kv sk√p≠- .v \\nch- [n D∂X ssk\\nt- Imt- ZymK- ÿ- ¿ hnca- n®- t- ijw _n sP]nb- nt- e°v tNt°d- nb- n´- p≠- v. Ch¿ _‘a- p]- t- bmK- n®v B¿ Fkv Fkv ImUd- pI- sf ssk\\yØ- nt- e°v h≥tXmX- n¬ ISØ- nh- n´- n´- p≠v F∂v A\\pa- m\\- nt- °≠- nb- nc- n°- p∂- p. ssk\\ysØ h¿§ob- h- ¬°c- n°- m\\pw Zpcp]- t- bmK- n°- m\\- pa- p≈ _n sP ]nbpsS {iaß- ƒ- ]et- ∏mgpw hnhmZ- a- mb- n´- p≠- v. 1999 sabv Bdn\\v Im¿Kn¬ bp≤w sImSp-ºn-cn-s°m≠ thf-bn¬ U¬ln Atim-Im- tdm-Unse _n sP ]n Bÿm-\\-tØ°v Im¿Kn-ense Ic-tk-\\-bpsS Un Pn Fw H Bb e^v‰-\\‚ v P\\-d¬ F≥ kn hnPn-s\\bpw \\mhnI thymat- k\\- I- f- nse Db¿∂ DtZymK- ÿ- t- cbpw hnfn®- ph- c- pØn ]m¿´n Fw.]n am¿°v bp≤Ø- nse apt∂‰- s- Ø°- pd- n®v hniZ- oI- c- n®- ps- ImS- pØ kw`hw tk\\m-N-cn-{X-Øn¬ apºp-≠m-bn-´n-√mØXmWv. B h¿jw Xs∂ hn F®v ]nbpsS Hcp hn`m-K-amb \"[¿a-bm-{Xm-kwLw' kwL- -Sn-∏n-°p∂ \" kn‘p-bm{Xm' ]cn-]m-Sn°v Ic-tk-\\-bpsS tkh\\w D]- tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øn-bXns\\ A∂sØ Ic-tk-\\m-ta-[mhn P\\-d¬ hn ]n a√nIv, Im¿Kn¬ bp≤-sØ-°p-dn®v Fgp-Xnb ]pkvX-I-Øn¬ A]-e- ]n°- p∂- p≠- .v Chs- b°- pd- n®v ]cma- ¿in°- p∂ A[ymbØn\\v At±lw \\¬Inb Xe-s°´v \"\"Rßsf shdpsX hnSq'' F∂m-Wv. 1996 P\\p- hcn 15-˛\\v Hcp tk\\m ]tc-Un\\v AXn-Yn-I-fpsS Iq´-Øn¬ inh-tk- \\m-ta-[mhn _m¬Xm-°-sdsb £Wn-®Xpw AXn¬ {]Xn-tj-[n®v

111Fw.-_n. cmtPjv aqe-[\\w aXw cm{„obw Xm\\pw A∂sØ Fb¿sshkv am¿j¬ sI. kn Icnb- ∏- bpw Cdßn- t∏mb- Xpw hnjWv p`- K- h- Xv ]db- p∂- p≠- v (Hu´v ep°)v . ateK- mhv Dƒs∏- sSb- p≈ `oIc- m{- Ia- W- ß- f- psS Bkq{- XI- \\- mb Zbm\\- µv ]mtfi°v PΩp-I-ivao-cnse hnhm-Z -\\m-b-I-\\mb ap≥ Kh¿W¿ e^v‰-\\‚ v P\\- d¬ (dn-´). Fkv sI kn≥l cmPv`-h-\\n¬ ]e-X-hW BXn-Yy-a-cp- fnb Imcyw Iivao¿ ssSwkv ]{Xw (\\-hw.15) dnt∏m¿´v sNbvXn-´p-≠v. B¿ Fkv Fkv ˛ssk-\\n-I˛ `oIc A®p-X-≠ns‚ as‰mcp DZm-l-c- Wa- mW- nX- v. t_m¨t… anen-‰dn kvIqƒ `oI-c¿°v ]cn-io-e-\\-Øn-\\mbn D]- tbmK- n®- ph- ∂ hnhc- ß- fpw ]pdØ- ph- ∂- n´- p≠- v. G‰h- ps- amS- ph- n¬ ]pd- Øp-h-∂n-cn-°p∂ kXy-߃ `oI-c-X-sb-°p-dn®v \\ne-hn-ep≈ {]_- e-amb ap≥hn-[n-I-sf-sb√mw XI¿Øp-I-f-™n-cn-°p-∂p. AtXm- sSm∏w Hcp bmYm¿∞yØ- n\\p IqSn AXv ASnh- c- b- nS- p∂- p. ssk\\yw, _yqtdm{- Ik- n, PpUoj- ydn XpSßn `cW- I- qS A[nI- mc- Ø- ns‚ F√m Xeß- f- nepw kzm[o\\- a- pd- ∏- n°- m\\pw cm{„ob- m[- nI- mcw Xs∂ ]nSn®- S- - °m\\pw Ignb- p∂- Xv kwL]- c- nh- m¿ {]Xn\\- n[- m\\w sNøp∂ Xo{hl- n- µp-Xz-i-‡n-Iƒ°m-Wv. Cu Xo{h-hm-Z-amWv ^mkn-k-ambn ]cn-W-an- °m≥ tijn-bp-≈Xpw AXn-\\m¬Xs∂ Gsd A]-I-S-I-c-am-b-Xpw. cm{„ob- - m[- nI- mc- hpw `cW- I- qS- hpw ssIbS- °n ^mknk- a- mbn ]q¿W- ambpw cq]m-¥-c-s∏-Sm-\\m-hn-s√-¶nepw C…m-anI Xo{h-hmZw kwL-]- cnh- md- ns‚ {]bmW- Ø- n\\v A\\nh- mc- ya- mb C‘\\- a- mbn h¿Øn°- p∂- p. AXn\\- m¬ c≠n\\- ps- aX- nc- mb hn´ph- og- vNb- n√- mØ {]Xnt- cm[w Hgnh- m- °m\\- mh- mØ- X- mW- v. tZim-`n-am\\n ]{Xw, 2008

112 aqe-[\\w aXw cm{„obw Fw.-_n. cmtPjv hcq,- ap-kn-cn- nse c‡w ImWq... \"\"kplrtØ, ]m¬°m-c\\pw ]{X-°m-c\\pw tI_nƒ hcn-°m-c- \\p-sams° cmhn-se-Xs∂ h∂p-t]mbn Gsd-_-e-an-√mØ Hcp Iºn- ∏mc- °- pt- ]mepw IpØnØ- pd- °- mh- p∂ \\nßf- psS hmXne- n¬ C\\n ap´p- ∂Xv Hcp kwL-]-cn-hm¿ {Inan-\\-em-Imw. sImSp-ß-√q-cnse sk°p-e¿ Iƒ®-dn-s‚-{]-h¿Ø-Isc {]kn-≤o- Ic- n® t\\m´ok- nse Cu hcnI- f- n¬ H´pw AXni- t- bm‡- nb- n√- . sImSp- ß√- qc- ns\\ Nqg∂v p \\n¬°p∂ `oXnb- ps- Sbpw Ac£- nX- X- zØ- ns- ‚bpw Bgw hy‡a- m°- p∂ hcnI- f- mW- nX- v. tNmcb- psS K‘w elc- nb- mbn amdn-°-gn™ kwL-]-cn-hm¿ {Inan-\\-ep-Iƒ ]Xn-bn-cn-°p∂ sXcp-hp- Ifpw t£{Xm¶- W- hpw B¬Ød- I- fpw sImSpß- √- qc- ns‚ PohnX- sØ NInX- a- m°- nb- nc- n°- p∂- p. sImeI- ƒ \\SØn ssIbd- ∏pamdnb ssII- fn¬ Ducn∏- nS- n® hmfpw s\\‰nb- n¬ {Iucywkv^pcn°- p∂ Imhn°- pd- n- I-fp-ambn GXv \\nan-jhpw {In-an-\\-ep-Iƒ Cc-Iƒ°p-ta¬ NmSn-ho- tW°- mw. kwL]- c- nh- md- ns‚ A\\nj- Sv Ø- n\\v hnt[b- c- mb Bcpa- mImw CcI- ƒ. X߃°nj- vSa- n√- mØ- h- ¿°mbn Ah¿ in£h- n[- n°- pI- bpw sNøp∂p. kwL]- c- nh- md- ns\\ A\\pk- c- n°- mØ- h- c- mcpw sImSpß√- q- cn¬ kpc-£n-X-c-√. Ah-cpsS hoSp-Iƒ°p-≈n¬t∏mepw Bcpw Ft∏mgpw Fhns- Ss- h®pw B{Ia- n°- s- ∏t- ´°- ms- a∂ Ahÿ- . kwL¿jØ- n\\v Abh- ph- c- p∂ps- h∂- pI- ≠- m¬, im¥X- b- ps- Sbpw kam-[m-\\-Øn-s‚bpw CS-thf \\o≠p-t]m-Ip∂p F∂p tXm∂n-bm¬ B¿.-F-kv.-Fkv Xß-fpsS Xmh-f-ß-fn¬ Bbp-[-߃°v aq¿®-Iq- ´pw. ]ns∂ B{I-a-W-]-≤Xn Xøm-dm-°epw Ccsb \\n›-bn-°epw

113Fw.-_n. cmtPjv aqe-[\\w aXw cm{„obw IrXyw ]ngh- pI- f- n√- msX \\S∏- ne- m°- e- pa- mW- v. CXnß- s\\ Bh¿Øn- ®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-I-bmWv F∂v Ign™ c≠p ]Xn-‰m-≠nse sImSp- ß-√q-cns‚ kwL¿j Ncn{Xw hne-bn-cp-Øn-bm¬ a\\- n-em-°m-\\m- hpw. kwL¿j-ß-fn-√msX kwL-]-cn-hm-dn\\v \\ne-\\n¬°m-\\m-hn-√. B¿.F- k- v.F- k- ns‚ Ncn{- Xhpw {]h¿Ø\\- s- sie- nbpw sXfnb- n°- p∂- - Xpt- ]mse kwL¿jß- f- psS cmjv{Sob hnfs- hS- p∏- mWv Ah¿ sImSp- ß√- qc- n¬ IWni- X- t- bmsS \\S∏- ne- m°- ns- °m≠- nc- n°- p∂- X- v. CXn-\\¿∞w sImSp-ß-√q-cnse kwL¿jm-fl-I-amb cmjv{So-b-˛- km-aq-ln-Im-¥-co-£sØ tIh-e-ambn hne-bn-cp-Øn-°qSm F∂m-Wv. kL-]-cn-hm-dns‚ ^mjnÃv AP-≠-bn-emWv sImSp-ß-√q-cnse kwL¿jØ- ns‚ thcpI- ƒ Bg∂v pI- nS- °- p∂- X- .v B¿.F- k- .v F- k- ns‚ tIcf- Ø- nse ]co£- W- i- me- I- f- n¬ IÆoc- ns- \\m∏- a- mWv sImS- pß- √- q- cns- ‚bpw ÿm\\w. KpPd- mØ- nepw Hdnk- b- nepw cmPÿ- m\\- nepw a‰pw \\mw I≠p ]cn-N-bn® Ah-cpsS ^mjnÃv cm-jv{So-b-Øns‚ {]tbm- K-߃ ]eXpw sImSp-ß-√q-cnepw ImWm≥ Ign-bpw. AXn-te-‰hpw {][m\\w kaql- sØ h¿Kob- a- mbn `n∂n∏- n°- pI F∂X- mW- .v h¿Kob tNcn-Xn-cn-hns‚ Xo{hX Iq´m\\pw h¿Kob hnImcw Bfn-°-Øn-°m- \\pa- p≈ ]cn{- ia- ß- ƒ kwL]- c- nh- m¿- Ch- nsS \\nc¥- cw \\SØ- ns- °m- ≠n-cn-°p-∂-Xp-Im-Wmw. aX-ssa-{Xn-bpsS ]pcm-X-\\-amb Ncn-{Xhpw aX-\\n-c-t]-£-amb A¥-co-£hpw \\ne-\\n¬°p-∂-bnSØv h¿Kob tNcnX- nc- nh- p≠- mt- °≠- Xv Bhi- ya- ms- W∂v ]cnh- md- n\\v Adnb- mw. as‰- √mb- nS- Ø- ps- a∂- t- ]mse \\yq\\]- £- ß- sf e£yws- h®- p≈ {]Nmc- W- - ßfpw B{Ia- W- ß- f- pa- mWv h¿Kob tNcnX- nc- nh- p≠- mt- °≠- Xv Bh- iya- ms- W∂v ]cnh- md- n\\v Adnb- mw. as‰√- mb- nS- Ø- ps- a∂- t- ]mse \\yq\\- ]-£-ßsf e£y-wsh-®p≈ {]Nm-c-W-ßfpw B{I-a-W-ß-fp-amWv h¿Kob tNcn-Xn-cnhv krjvSn-°m-\\p≈ B¿.-F-kv.-Fkv ]≤-Xn-bpsS apJy AP-≠. AXn\\v sImSpß√q-cnse {]kn-≤-amb {io Ipdpw-_- t£-{X-Ønse D¬khw apX¬ {In°-‰p-hsc Ah¿ Bbp-[-am-°p- ∂p. \\m\\m-PmXn aX-ÿ-cpsS IqSn-t®-c-ens‚ thZn-bm-bn-cp∂ t£ t{Xm¬k-h-Øns‚ atX-X-c-kz-`m-hw, Bkq-{Xn-X-amb CS-s]-S-ep-I- fne- qsS tNm¿Øn°- f- b- p∂- X- n¬ Hcp ]cn[- nh- sc B¿.F- k- .v F- k- .v hnP- bn-®n-cn-°p-∂p. D¬k-h-∏-d-ºnse Ãmfp-Iƒ teew hnfn-°p-tºmƒ Alnµ- p°- ƒ°v AXn\\- \\- ph- mZ- a- ns- √∂v B¿.F- k- .v F- k- .v hn[n°- p∂- Xv

114 aqe-[\\w aXw cm{„obw Fw.-_n. cmtPjv Hcp-Zm-l-c-Ww. t£{X-Øn-\\p-ap-∂nse IS-I-fn¬ {Inkvakv kok- Wn¬ \\£-{X-߃ {]Im-in-∏n-°m≥ ]mSn√ F∂ B¿.-F-kv.-Fkv A\\pi- mk- \\- hpw c≠ph- ¿ja- mbn \\ne\\- n¬°p∂- p. hne°v ewLn®v \\£{Xw sXfn™- m¬ ISb- pS- a- °v ISbpw k¿hk- º- mZ- yß- fpw am{X- a√ Poh≥Xs∂ \\jvS-am-tb-°mw. Hdo-k-bn¬ {Inkvakv ImeØv \\£-{X-߃ Xq°m≥ kwL-]-cn-hm¿ G¿s∏-Sp-Ønb hne-°ns\\ A\\pk- av c- n∏- n°- p∂ \\S]- S- nb- mW- nX- .v hne°- pe- wL- n®v \\£{Xw Xq°n- b-hsc B{I-an-®p-sIm-≠m-bn-cp-∂t√m AhnsS \\yq\\-]£ th´°v XpS-°-an-´-Xv. t£{X-]-cn-k-csØ k¿°m¿ `qan-bn¬t∏mepw Aln- µp-°ƒ {]th-in-°m≥ ]mSn√ F∂ `oj-Wn-bmWv B¿.-F-kv.-F-kv. apg-°p-∂-Xv. {Inan-\\-ep-Iƒ°v kwibw tXm∂p-∂-hsc Bsc-sb- ¶nepw I≠m¬ tNmZyw sNøepw a¿±\\- h- pa- mW- v. t£{Xhpw AtXm- S\\- p_- ‘- n® s]mXpÿ- e- hpw Cu {Inan\\- e- pI- f- psS kzImcy kzØp- t]ms- eb- mb- nØ- o¿∂nc- n°- p∂- p. Ahc- psS A[nI- mc- ]- c- nk- cw lnµp cmjv{SØ- ns‚ sIm®p]- X- n∏- mW- v. Alav Z- m_- mZ- nepw _tdmU- b- ne- ps- a√mw \\mw tI´p]- c- nN- b- n® ap…ow- hn-cp-≤psS Bhn-jvIm-c-߃°pw sImSp-ß-√q¿ km£yw hln-°p- ∂p. KpPd- mØ- nepw DØt- c¥- yb- ne- ps- ams- °b- mWv {In°‰- ns\\ k¶p- NnX tZiob- X- b- psS Bbp[- a- mbn kwL]- c- nh- m¿ i‡nI- ƒ D]t- bm- Kn°- md- p≈- X- v. AhnsS C¥yb- psS Hmtcm {In°‰v hnPb- h- pw, {]tXy- In®v ]m°nÿ- m\\- pa- mb- n´- p≈- Xv ap…nw hntcm[w Bfn°- Ø- n°- m\\pw h¿Kob {[phoI- c- W- Ø- n\\- pa- p≈ C‘\\- a- W- h- ¿°v, B coXn t_m[- ]q¿∆w Xs∂ sImSp-ß-√q-cn¬ {]tbm-Kn®p XpS-ßn-b-Xns‚ e£- Wß- fpw ImWmw. Ign™ Sz‚n 20 temII- ∏- n¬ ]m°nÿ- ms\\Xnsc C¥y-t\\-Snb hnP-bm-tLm-j-Øns‚ ad-hn¬ sImSp-ß-√q-cn¬ \\S∂ Bkq-{XnX {]I-S-\\-Øns‚ apJ-ap{Z ap…nw hncp-≤-X-bm-bn-cp-∂p. Cßs\\ DØ-tc-¥y≥ amXr-I-bn¬, AhnsS {]tbm-Kn®v hnP-bn® h¿Kobh-XvI-c-W-Øns‚ ]mT-߃ sImSp-ß-√q-cn¬ ]co-£n-°p-I- bmWv kwL-]-cn-hm¿ sNøp-∂-Xv. Cu ^mjnÃv `oI-c-X-bpsS {]tbmK- Ø- ne- qsS sImSpß- √- qc- ns‚ hnime- a- mb aX\\- nc- t- ]£ s]mXp- a-WvU-esØ inYn-eo-I-cn-°m-\\mWv \\nc-¥-c-ambn {ian-®p-sIm-≠n-cn- °p∂- X- .v as‰-√m-bn-S-Øp-sa-∂-t]mse sImSp-ß-√q-cn-sebpw ^mjnÃv

115Fw.-_n. cmtPjv aqe-[\\w aXw cm{„obw cmjv{So-b-Øns‚ {]tbm-K-Øn\\v Hcp A¿Y-im-kv{X-X-e-ap-≠v. KpP- dmØ- ns‚ ]›mØ- e- Ø- n¬ \\nco£- n°- s- ∏´- n´- p≈ \\h DZmc- hX- vIc- - W-hpw lnµp-Xzhpw XΩn-ep≈ _m‘-h-Øns‚ kq£va-X-e-߃ sImSpß- √- qc- nepw ImWm≥ Ignbpw. DZmc- h- X- Iv c- W- I- me- Øv hf¿∂p- h∂ ]pØ≥ ]W-°m¿ h¿Ko-b-cm-jv{So-b-Øns‚ ]n∂nse i‡n- kvt{Xm-X- m-bn-Øo-cp∂ km¿h-{XnI {]h-WX sImSpß-√q-cn\\pw _m[-I-am-Wv. dnb¬ FtÃ-‰v, sI´n-S-\\n¿Ωm-Ww, ]Ww ]en-i-°p- \\¬I¬ XpSßn \\ha- pX- e- mf- nØ- Ø- ns‚ ImeØv Xg®- ph- f- ¿∂ taJ- eI- f- mWv kwL]- c- nh- md- ns‚ ]pXnb kmºØ- nI- mS- nØ- d- . Cu taJ- e-I-fp-ambn _‘-s∏´v cq]w sIm≈p∂ am^n-bm-{]-h¿Ø-\\-ßsf \\nb{- ¥n°- p∂- Xv kwL]- c- nh- m¿ t\\XrX- za- mW- v. B¿.F- k- v.F- k- v, _n.- sP.]- n t\\Xm°- f- n¬ ]ecpw dnb¬ FtÉ- v, tªUv hym]mc cwKß- - fnse {]apJ- c- pa- mW- v. t£{X]- c- nk- c- Ø- p≈ kzImc- y ÿeØv sI´n- S-߃ \\n¿Ωn-°p-∂-Xn\\pw `qan ssIam‰w sNøp-∂-Xn\\pw Ch¿°v Np¶w sImSp-°-Ww F∂ ÿnXn-bm-Wp-≈-Xv. AXn-\\p-h-g-ßm-Ø- h¿°v t\\cn-tS-≠n-h-cp∂ ]oU-\\-߃ Gsd-bm-Wv. t£t{Xm¬,-h- tØmS- \\- p_- ‘- n®v ssaXm\\- Ø- nse ÃmfpI- ƒ teew hnfn°- p∂- X- n¬ Aln-µp-°ƒ°v G¿s∏-Sp-Ønb hne-°n\\p ]n∂nepw kmº-ØnI e£y-ß-fp-≠v. B¿.-F-kv.-F-kn\\v Xm¬]-cy-ap-≈-h¿°p-am-{X-ambn Cu I®-h-S-°-cm-dp-Iƒ Xc-s∏-Sp-ØpI F∂-XmWv AXv. Cßs\\ apjv°pw ssIbq°pw D]-tbm-Kn®v Icm-dp-Iƒ Xc-s∏-Sp-Øn-s°m-Sp- °p∂- X- n\\v Ah¿ IrXya- mb hnlnX- hpw ]‰p∂- p. ÃmfpI- f- n¬ F¥p- hn¬°-W-sa∂p Xocp-am-\\n-°p-∂Xpw C°q-´¿ Xs∂. KpP-dm-Øn¬ hnizl- nµp ]cnj- Ø- pI- m¿ \\yq\\]- £- ß- ƒ- s- °X- nc- mbn ASnt- ®¬∏n® kmº-ØnI D]-tcm-[-Øns‚ as‰mcp apJ-amWv ChnsS ImWp-∂-Xv. B¿.-F-kv.-Fkv kvt]m¨k¿ sNøp∂ {Ian-\\-\\¬ cmjv{So-b- Øns‚ thsdmcp kmºØ- nI t{kmX v {]kn≤- a- mb sImSpß- √- q¿ t£{Xw Xs∂b- mW- .v bYm¿Y hnizmk- nI- sf `ojW- ns- ∏S- pØn AI- ‰n\\ndpØn t£{Xw Ah¿ ssIb-S-°n-sh-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xns‚ apJy-Im- c-Whpw CXp-X-s∂. t£{X-Ønse shSn-sh-∏- p-h-sc-bmWv {Inan-\\- epI- f- psS Bÿm\\- w. h¿jß- f- mbn t£{XØ- nse shSnh- g- n]- mS- ns‚ Icms- dS- pØ- nc- n°- p∂- X- ,v sImSpß- √- qc- nse am^nbm {]h¿Ø\\- ß- f- psS apgp-h≥ Np°m≥ ]nSn-°p∂ B¿.-F-kv.-Fkv t\\Xm-hns‚ A—-\\m-

116 aqe-[\\w aXw cm{„obw Fw.-_n. cmtPjv Wv. h¿tj-tXmdpw Icm¿ ]pXp-°p-sa-¶nepw Cbmƒ°-√msX a‰m¿°pw AXv e`n-°n-√. Icm¿ FSp-°m≥ Poh-\\n¬ sImXn-bp≈ Bcpw apXnc- n√- F∂X- ps- Im≠- mW- nX- .v shSnh- g- n]- mSv ssek≥kns‚ t]cn¬ e`n-°p∂ h≥tXm-Xn-ep≈ kvt^mS-I-h-kvXp-°-fpsS \\nb- {¥W- ws- sIb- mf- p∂- Xpw CtX {Inan\\- ¬ kwLa- mWv F∂X- mWv Gsd A]-I-SIcw. t£{X-Ønse hgn-]mSv km[-\\-ß-fpsS tee-amWv as‰mcp {][m-\\-s∏´ hcp-am\\ t{kmX- v. Ht´sd hgn-]mSp km[-\\- ß-f- mWv ChnsS {]Xn-Zn\\w teew sNøm-dp-≈-Xv. tee-Øn¬ B¿.- F-kv.-Fkv {Inan-\\¬kw-L-߃°-√msX a‰m¿°pw ]¶m-fn-I-fm-Im- \\m-hn-√. Bsc-¶nepw AXn\\p apXn¿∂m¬ Kpcp-X-c-amb {]Xym-Lm- Xß- ƒ t\\cnt- S≠n hcps- a∂- X- mWv kXyw. Cßs\\ t£{Xs- Øbpw `qan, tªUv, aW¬, aZy am^n-b-I-sfbpw tI{µo-I-cn-®mWv B¿.-F- kv.-Fkv {Inan-\\¬ cmjv{Sobw sImSp-ß-√q-cn¬ \\ne-\\n¬°p-∂-Xv. At[m-temI am^nbm kwL-ß-fpsS kmº-ØnI Xm¬]-cy-ß-fp- ambn h¿Kob cmj{v Sobw Fßs\\ IÆnt- N¿∂nc- n°- p∂p F∂mW- nXv ImWn°- p∂- X- v. IÆqc- n¬ Fgp-]-XpI- -fn¬ B¿.-F-kv.-Fkv NphS- pd- - ∏n®- X- ns‚ ]n∂nepw kmºØ- nI Xm¬]c- yß- f- pt- SX- mb ]›mØ- e- - ap≠- mb- nc- p∂p F∂v Hm¿°W- w. _oUns- Ømg- ne- mf- nI- f- psS kac- sØ ASn-®-a¿Øm≥ apXe- mf- n-amc- p-sS- Kp-≠m∏- S F∂ \\ne-bne- mb- nc- p∂p B¿.F- k- v.F- k- ns‚ cwK{- ]t- hi- w. B¿.F- k- v.F- k- ns‚ cmjv{Sob- Ø- ns‚ apJyC- c- I- ƒ IÆqc- ns- e∂- - t]mse sImSp-ß-√q-cnepw kn.-]n.-FΩpw Un.-ssh.-F-^v.-sF-bp-am-Wv. add- mcpw B{Ina- n°- s- ∏´- n´- n√ F∂√- . {][m\\- a- mbpw IayqW- nÃ- pI- mcpw A\\p`- mh- nI- f- pa- mWv th´b- mS- s- ∏S- p∂- X- v. kn.]- n.F- w.P- n√- mI- Ω- ‰- nb- wK- - amb- nc- p∂ hn.s- I.t- Km]- me- ≥, Sn.F- k- - .v a- pc- f- o[- c- ≥, cmPp, Ct∏mƒ _nPp F∂n-ßs\\ \\mep-t]¿ CXn-\\Iw AhnsS sIme-sN-ø-s∏-´p. amc-I- ambn ]cn-t°‰pw AwK-ssh-Ieyw kw`-hn®pw Ign-bp-∂-h¿ thsd- bpw. F{Xtbm t]cpsS hoSpI- fpw ISI- fpw ÿm]\\- ß- fpw B{Ia- n- °s- ∏´- n´- p≠- .v F¥ps- - Im≠- mWv IayqW- nÃ- pI- msc e£yw sh°p∂- Xv F∂Xv hy‡w. kwL]- c- nh- md- ns‚ Xo{h lnµpXz cmjv{Sob- XsØ hn´p-ho-gvN-Iq-SmsX FXn¿°p-∂Xv a‰m-cp-a√ F∂-Xp-X-s∂. Iayq- WnÃ- pI- m¿ apt∂m´- ps- h°- p∂ h¿Kc- mj- {v Sob- sØ XI¿°msX h¿Ko- b-cm-jv{So-b-Øn\\v thcp-]n-Sn-°m-\\m-hn√ F∂ Xncn-®-dn-hp-Iq-Sn-bm-W-

117Fw.-_n. cmtPjv aqe-[\\w aXw cm{„obw Xn\\p ImcW- w. IÆq¿ F∂t- ]mse sImSpß- √- qcpw h¿Kob cmj{v So- b-Øn\\pw Iayq-Wn-Ãp-Im¿°pw Bg-Øn¬ kzm[o-\\-ap≈ taJ-e-bm- Wv. tIc-f-Ønse I¿jI {]ÿm-\\-Øn\\v XpS-°-an´ sImSp-ß-√q- cn¬ tIm¨{Kkv kzm[o\\- a- pd- ∏- n°pw aptº thtcm´- a- p≠- m°- nb- h- c- mWv Iayq-Wn-Ãp-Im¿. tIc-f-Ønse BZysØ Iayq-WnÃv Fw.-F¬.-F- Bb- n- C.t- Km]- me- I- rj- vWt- at- \\m≥ 1949¬ sXscs- ™S- p°- s- ∏´- Xpw sImSp-ß-√q-cn¬\\n-∂m-bn-cp-∂p. Cu Nph∂ cmjv{Sob Ncn-{X-ap≈ sImSp-ß-√q-cn¬ lnµpXz cmjv{So-bsØ P\\-ßsf AWn-\\n-c-Øn, {]Xnt- cm[- n°- p∂p F∂X- mWv kn.]- n.F- w˛- U- n.s- sh.F- ^- .v sF {]h¿Ø- I¿ th´b- mS- s- ∏S- m≥ ImcW- w. adp`- mK- Ø- mI- s´ tIm¨{Kkv Hf- n®- p- If- n°- pI- b- mW.v arZp lnµpXz kao]- \\- hpw kwL]- c- nh- mc- h- pa- mb- p≈ Ahk- c- h- mZ kwJyhpw sImSpß- √- qc- nepw tIm¨{Kkv kzoIc- n°- p- ∂-Xns‚ Zpc¥w IqSn-bmWv AhnsS ImWm-\\m-hpI kwL-]-cn-hm- dns‚ ^mjnÃv cmjv{So-b-Øn-s\\-Xn-cmbn aX-\\n-c-t]£ i‡n-Iƒ Dd® \\ne-]mSv FSp-t°≠ kµ¿`-Øn¬ Nne ]©m-b-Øp-I-fn¬ A[n-Im-c-Øn-\\mbn Ah-cp-ambn kl-i-b\\w \\S-Øm≥t]mepw tIm¨{Kkv Xbm-dm-hp∂ ImgvN-bmWv sImSp-ß-√q-cn¬ D≈-Xv. sImSpß- √- qc- nse kwL¿jß- f- psS ]q¿WD- Ø- c- h- mZ- nI- ƒ kwL]- - cnh- mc- a- ms- W∂- d- nb- ms- a¶- nepw Ahsc t\\cn´v Ip‰s- ∏S- pØ- mX- nc- n°- m≥ tIm¨-{Kkv ]pe¿Øp∂ AXoh Pm{KX Ah-cpsS arZp-k-ao-]-\\- Øns‚ sXfn-hm-Wv. tIm¨{K-kn-s\\-t∏mse am[y-a-ßfpw C°m-cy- Øn¬ hnNmc- W sNøs- ∏t- S≠- X- mW- .v IÆqc- nse km¶¬]nI ]m¿´n {Kma-ß-sf-°p-dn®v hmNm-e-cm-hp-Ibpw am¿IvknÃv A{I-a-Øns‚ I¬]nX IY-Iƒ \\pW-Iƒ Ipg-®p-tN¿Øv ]mIw sNøp-∂-Xn¬ sshZKv[yw ImWn°- pI- bpw sNømd- p≈ am[ya- ß- s- f√mw sImSpß- - √qs- cØ- pt- ºmƒ hgph- g- p∏- ≥ \\njv]£- X ]pe¿Øm≥ ]mSps- ]S- p∂- - hc- mW- .v GI]- £- ob- a- mb B¿.F- k- .v F- k- .v A{Ia- ß- ƒ Bh¿Øn®p \\S-°p-tºmgpw \"_n.-sP.-]n.-˛-am¿IvknÃv kwL-´\\w' F∂ t\\csØ IcpX- ns- h® Xes- °´v e÷b- n√- msX Ah¿ sImSpØ- ps- Im≠- nc- n°- pw. _nPp-hns‚ acWw apJy-[mcm ]{X-߃ dnt∏m¿´p sNbvX coXn- bn¬t]mepw Cu Ad-∏p-f-hm-°p∂ Im]Syw ImWmw. Ah-sc√mw \\¬Ip∂ Xes- °´v Cßs- \\b- mb- nc- p∂- p. Un.s- sh.F- ^- v.sF t\\Xmhv acn-®p. sImSp-ß-√q-cn¬ kwL¿jw' \\njvTq-c-amb Hcp sIme-]m-

118 aqe-[\\w aXw cm{„obw Fw.-_n. cmtPjv XIw H‰-t\\m-´-Øn¬ kzm`m-hnI ac-W-am-sW∂p tXm∂n-∏n-°m\\pw sIme]- mX- I- Ø- n\\- pØ- c- h- mZ- nI- s- f∂v F√mh- ¿°pa- d- nb- mh- p∂ i‡n- Isf P\\{- i≤- b- n¬ \\n∂v ad®- ps- h°- m\\pw hmZnsb {]Xnb- m°- m\\pw CS-bm-°p∂ \\]pw-kI dnt∏m¿´nwKv th´-°m-cs\\ klm-bn-°p-I-b- √msX as‰¥- mWv sNøp∂- Xv? am[ya- k- zmX- {- ¥ys- Øbpw a\\pj- ymh- I- mi- ß- s- fbpw Ipdn®v kmtcm- ]-tZ-i-߃ \\S-Øp-Ibpw [m¿anI tcmjw sImffp-Ibpw sNøp-∂- h-sc√mw sImSp-ß-√q-cn\\p t\\tc IÆ-S-bv°p-I-bmWv sNbvXn-´p-≈- Xv. _n.-sP.-]n. ]cn-]m-Sn-bpsS hm¿Ø sImSp-°m≥ sshIn-b-Xns‚ t]cn¬ kmbm” ssIcf- nb- psS DSa tkmak- pµ- c- s‚ hoSv XI¿Øp- X-cn-∏-W-am-°p-Ibpw tIcf Iuap-Zn-te-J-I≥ an{Xs\\ sXcp-hn-en´v X√n®- X- °- pI- bpw sNbvXt∏mƒ {]Xnt- j[- n°- m≥ ]ecpw ad∂- pt- ]m- bn. am[ya- ß- sf \\mhc- n™p \\ni_- vZa- m°- nb ^mjnÃv `oIc- X- °- p- ap∂- n¬ ]©]- p—- a- S- °n \\n∂h- ¿ \\n mc- I- mc- W- ß- f- psS t]cn¬ sXcp- hn-en-dßn am[y-a-kzm-X-{¥y-sØ-°p-dn®v apd-hn-fn-°q-´p-∂-h-cmWv Ft∂m¿°W- w. CsXm-s°-bmWv ]g-b-ap-kn-cn- n¬ \\n∂v Ct∏mƒ hm¿Ø-Iƒ. atX-X-c-Xz-Øns‚ lrZbw ]nf¿∂pw P\\m-[n-]-Xy-sØ-cp-hn¬ _em¬°mcw sNbXv pw a\\pj- ymh- I- mi- ß- ƒ Nhn´- ns- aX- n®pw hgß- m- Øh- s- cbpw hntbmP- n°- p∂- h- s- cbpw apgph- ≥ th´b- mS- nbpw Imhn∏- S \\S-Øp∂ tX¿hm-gvNsb Fßs\\ t\\cnSmw? Xo¿®-bmbpw t]meo- kns- \\s- °m≠p am{Xa- mh- n√- . ImcW- w, t]meok- nepw kwL]- c- nh- m- dns‚ GP‚p-amcpw ]nWn-bm-fp-I-fp-ap-≠v. CS-Xp-]£ k¿°m-dns‚ \\b-Øn\\v hncp-≤-ambn {]h¿Øn-°p∂ H‰p-Im-cpsS km∂n-[y-ap-≠v. ^mjnÃv cmjv{So-b-Øn-s\\-Xn-cmbn hn]p-e-amb P\\-Iob sFIyw Db¿ØpI F∂-Xp-X-s∂-bmWv {]Xn-tcm-[-Øns‚ hgn. A\\o-Xn- s°-Xn-cmbn Ie-ln® IÆ-In-bpsS i{Xp°sf ]pd-¥≈n t£{Xw hntamN- n∏- n°- pI- bpw hnizmk- nI- ƒ hos≠S- p°- pI- bpw sNøpI F∂Xv {]Xn-tcm-[Øns‚ {][m-\\-Zu-Xy-ß-fn-sem-∂m-Wv. B {]Xn-tcm-[- Øns‚ BWn-°√v sImSp-ß-√q-cns‚ kº-∂-amb aX-\\n-c-t]-£-˛-P- \\m-[n-]Xy ss]Xr-I-am-bn-cn-°-Ww. apl-ΩZv A_vZp-d-“m≥ kmln- _ns- ‚bpw \\thm∞- m\\- Ø- ns- ‚bpw tZiob {]ÿm\\- Ø- ns- ‚bpw Iayq- WnÃv apt∂-‰-ß-fp-sSbpw FÆ-a-‰-k-a-tc-Xn-lm-k-ß-fn¬ \\n∂v

119Fw.-_n. cmtPjv aqe-[\\w aXw cm{„obw Du¿÷w tXSp∂ sNdp-Øp-\\n¬∏mWv hnI-kn®p htc-≠-Xv. AXn- \\mWv kn.-]n.-FΩpw Un.-ssh.-F-^v.-sFbpw t\\XrXzw \\¬Ip-∂-Xv. B icn-bmb CS-s]-S-emWv sImSp-ß-√q-cn¬ {]Xn-i-‡n-I-fmbn hf- cm-\\p≈ CSw aX-Xo-{h-hmZ i‡n-Iƒ°v \\ntj-[n-®-Xpw. sImSp-ß- √q¿ Hcp amdm-Smbn amdm-Xn-cn-°p-∂-Xns‚ Imc-Whpw as‰m-∂p-a-√. ^mjnÃv cmjv{So- - bØ- n¬ \\n∂v sImSpß- √- qc- ns\\ tamNn∏- n°- p∂- h- - cm-sI, a\\p-jym-h-Im-i-ßsf am\\n-°p∂hcm-sI, AWn-\\n-c-°m≥ C\\nbpw sshIn-°q-Sm. `b-am-Wv AhnsS `cn-°p-∂Xv F∂v ^mjn- k-Øns‚ ImeØv P¿a-\\nsb Nq≠n {_lvXv ]d™ kml-Ncyw sImSpß- √- qc- n¬ C\\nbpw XpS¿∂p IqSm. sImSpß- √- qc- nse th´°- m¿ °pw Cc-Iƒ°pw amt[y \\njv]-£-X-bpsS hgp-h-gpØ CSw At\\z- jn-°p-∂-h-cpsS Adn-hn-te-°mbn \\mkn A[n-\\n-th-i-Im-esØ P¿Ω≥ Ihn \\ntbm ap≈-dpsS hcn-Iƒ Ipdn-®n-S-s´. \"\"BZyw Ah¿ PqX-∑msc tXSn-h∂p Rms\\m∂pw ]d™- n√ ImcWw Rm≥ PqX-\\m-bn-cp-∂n-√. ]n∂oS- h- ¿ ItØme- n°- sc tXSn h∂p Rms\\m∂pw ]d™- - n√ ImcWw Rm≥ ItØme- n°- \\- mb- nc- p∂- n√- . AXn-\\p-tijw Ah¿ Iayq-Wn-ÃpIm sctXSn h∂p. At∏mgpw Rm≥ au\\w ]men®p ImcWw Rm≥ Iayq-Wn-Ãpam-bn-cp-∂n√ HSph- n¬ Ah¿ Fs∂ tXSn h∂p At∏mt- - g°pw F\\n°- pt- h≠n kwkmc- n°- m≥ Bcpw Aht- ij- n®- nc- p∂- n√- .'' am[yaw, 2008 Pqsse

120 aqe-[\\w aXw cm{„obw Fw.-_n. cmtPjv aX-an-√mØ Poh≥ AeIvkm≥{Un-b-bnse hnJym-X-amb sse{_-dn-bnse Aaq-ey- amb {KŸ-ti-J-c-Øn\\v Xo sImSpØ aX-au-en-I-hm-Zn-Iƒ Bt{Im- in-®Xv F√m Adn-hp-Ifpw Jp¿-B-\\n-ep≠v F∂m-bn-cp-∂p. aXm-‘- Xb- n¬ \\n∂pf- h- mI- p∂ Cu hn⁄m\\- h- nt- cm[- Ø- ns‚ X\\nb- mh- ¿Ø- \\-am-bn-cp∂p GXm\\pw Znhkw ap≥]v ae-∏p-dØp \\S∂ ]pkvX-I-Z- l\\- w. t]mf≠v IogS- °- nb ln‰e- d- psS \\mkn∏- S- bpw _mKvZmZv Iog- S-°nb Ata-cn-°≥ tk\\bpw BZyw sNbvXXv hn{ip-X-amb {KŸ- ti-J-c-ßfpw kwkvIm-c-Øns‚ tijn-∏p-Iƒ kq£n-®p-h-®n-´p≈ ayqknb- ß- fpw Nmºe- m°- pI- b- mb- nc- p∂- p. C¥yb- nse kwL]- c- nh- m- dns‚ hgnbpw CXpX- s- ∂. tIm¨{K pw ]pkvXIw IØn°- e- ns‚ Imcy-Øn¬ H´p ]nd-In-e-√. CFw-F- ns‚ \"C¥y≥ kzmX{¥y ka-c-N-cn{Xw', tKmZm-hcn ]cp-te-°-dpsS tI{µ kmlnXy A°m-Zan Ahm¿Uv t\\Snb \"a\\pj- y\\- pW- c- pt- ºmƒ' F∂o ]pkXv I- ß- ƒ IØn- ®Xv sI.F- k- .v b- p°- mc- mb- nc- p∂- p. ]ptcml- nX- ∑- m¿, aXt- \\X- m°- ƒ, kap- Zmb {]am-Wn-am¿ cmjv{Sob t\\Xm-°ƒ F∂n-h-sc√mw Pzc-_m-[n-X- sc-t∏mse sXcp-hn-en-d-ßm\\pw ]pkvX-I-Øn\\v Xobn-Sm\\pw c‡w Nn¥m\\pw Poh≥ shSn-bm-\\p-sa-√m-ap≈ Iem-]m-lzm-\\-߃ apg-°p- ∂p. tIcf- Ø- nse ]mT]- pk- vXI- Ø- n¬ aX\\- nt- j[- hpw ssZh\\- nµ- bpw Btcm-]n-°-s∏-Sp-tºmƒ Hm¿Ω hcp-∂Xv {]kn-≤-amb \"kvtIm∏vkv {S-b¬' F∂ kw`-h-amWv a\\pjys\\ ssZhw krjvSn®p F∂ ss__nƒ kn≤m-¥-Øn-s\\-Xn-cmbn ]Tn-∏n® Ip‰-Øn-\\mWv

121Fw.-_n. cmtPjv aqe-[\\w aXw cm{„obw sslkvIqƒ A≤ym-]-I-\\mb tPm¨ tXmakv kvtIm∏v Ata-cn-°- bn¬ 1925-˛¬ hnNm-cW t\\cn-´-Xv. Cu hnNm-cW Um¿hn-\\n-k-sØ- °pd- n®- v s]mXpP- \\- ß- f- n¬ ka{- Ka- mb imkv{Xt- _m[w i‡ns- ∏S- m≥ klm-b-I-c-am-bn-Øo¿∂p. tIc-f-Øn¬ Ct∏mƒ \\S-°p∂ ]pkvX- Ih- nN- mc- W- bpw aX\\- nc- t- ]£- X- s- b°- pd- n®- p≈ Hcp kwhmZ- a- mbn hnI- kn∏- n°- m\\- mb- m¬ \\∂v. \"aX-an-√mØ Poh≥' F∂ ]pkvX-I-Ønse hnhm-Z-]m-T-Ønse an{ih- nh- ml- nX- c- mb ZºX- na- mc- psS Ip´nsb kvIqfn¬ tN¿°ptºmƒ aXhpw PmXnbpw tcJs- ∏- -SpØ- p∂- n√ F∂X- mW- t√m {]iv\\w. aXta th≠ F∂-√. hep-Xm-Ip-tºmƒ CjvS-ap≈ aXw Ip´n Xs∂ Xnc- s™-Sp-°s´ F∂m-W-Xn¬ ]d-bp-∂-Xv. kzbw Xocpam-\\-sa-Sp-°m- \\p≈ Ign-hp-≠m-Ip-tºmƒ aXw Xnc-s™-S- p-°m-\\p≈ kzmX{¥yw A\\ph- Z- n°- p∂ C{Xt- a¬ P\\m[- n]- X- y]- c- hpw DZmc- h- pa- mb \\ne]- mS- n- s\\-bmWv aX-\\n-tj-[-ambn Zp¿hym-Jym\\w sNøp-∂-Xv. an{i-hn-hm- lsØ alX- zh- X- vIc- n°- p∂p F∂mWv ]pkvXI- Ø- ns- \\X- nc- mb Ip‰- ]{- XØ- nse thsdmcp Btcm]- Ww! Ccp]- Ø- ns- bm∂mw \\q‰m≠- nse tIc-f-Øn¬ \\n∂v Ct∏mgpw Cß-s\\-sbms° ]d-bm≥ N¿Ω-_- -e- ap≈ Iptdt- ∏¿ Chns- Sb- p≠- .v NmØ≥]pe- b- s\\ {]Wb- n® kmhn{Xn A¥¿÷-\\-sØ-°p-dn®v alm-Ihn Ipam-c-\\m-im≥ \"Zpc-h- ÿ' bn¬ Fgp-Xn-bXv ap°q¬ \\q‰m-≠n-te-sd-°mew ap≥]m-Wv. _jo-dns‚ \"t{]a-te-J\\w' F∂ IY-bn¬ tIi-h≥ \\mbcpw kmd-Ωbpw ]Xn- ‰m-≠p-Iƒ°p ap≥]v Is≠-Ønb DØcw am{X-amWv \"aX-an-√mØ Poh≥' Bh¿Øn-°p-∂-Xv. ]d-bn-s]‰ ]¥n-cp-Ip-e-Ønse {]ap-J- amb ]m°\\- m¿ kz¥w aI\\v \"AaX- ≥' (aX- a- n√- mØ- h- ≥) F∂ t]cn´ \\m´ne- mWv CjSv a- p≈ aXw Xncs- ™S- p°- s´ F∂p ]db- p∂- Xv ]mXI amI- p∂- Xv! an{ih- nh- ml- nX- c- mb Cµnc- mK- m‘- nbpw cmPohpw kRvPbpw {]nb- ¶b- pa- S- ß- p∂ s\\ldv p IpSpw_- Ø- ns‚ ]mcº- c- ysØ°pdn®- p≈ A`n- am\\w tIm¨{K - pI- m¿°v \\jvSa- mtbm? hbe- m¿ chnt- bbpw tagvkn- tbbpw ]pd-Øm°n Cµn-cm-`-h-\\n¬ ]pWymlw Xfn-°ptam? C.-A- lΩ- Z- nt- ‚bpw A_Zv p≈- t- °mb- b- pt- Sbpw Jad- p∂- ok A≥hd- nt- ‚bpw a°ƒ°v Ducp-hn-e-t°¿s∏-Sp-Øptam? ]≈n-bn¬ t]mbn-´n-√m-Ø, kXy-{]-Xn-⁄m-th-f-bn¬ ZrV-{]-Xn-⁄-am{Xw FSp-Øn-´p≈ B‚-

122 aqe-[\\w aXw cm{„obw Fw.-_n. cmtPjv Wnsb ]nSn-®p-sIm-≠p-t]mbn ]q¿∆-Ime {]m_-ey-tØmsS amtam- Zok ap°ptam? ]pkvX-I-Øn-s\\-Xnsc hmtfm-ßp-∂-h¿ adp-]Sn ]d- bW- w. aX-X-Øz-ßfpw aX-\\n-c-t]-£-Xbpw aX\\- nµ- s- b∂ Btcm]- W- Ø- n\\v hnt[b- a- mb ]mT]- pk- vXI- Ø- n¬ aX-߃ {]Xn-\\n-[o-I-cn-°p∂ kln-jvWp-X-bp-tSbpw kmtlm-Z-cy- Øn-t‚bpw am\\-hn-I-X-bp-tSbpw ktµiw {]Im-in-°p-∂p-≠v. Jp¿- B\\pw ss__nfpw alm-`m-c-Xhpw D≤-cn-®p-sIm≠v \\¬Ip∂ B ktµiw Fßs- \\b- mWv aXØ- ns- \\X- nc- mh- pI? Nmthd- pI- sf krjvSn- °p∂ aX-t_m[w hf¿Øp-∂n√ F∂Xv aX-\\n-tj-[-am-sW-¶n¬ Ggmw ¢m nse ]pkvXIw B Ip‰w Nm¿Ø-s∏-Sm≥ A¿l-cm-Wv. F∂m¬, Km‘n-Pn-bp-tSbpw Bkm-Zn-t‚bpw aZ¿ sXtc-k-bp-tSbpw aXsØ AXp ]cn-N-b-s- ∏-Sp-Øp-∂p-≠v. amam-¶hpw Beph inh-cm- {Xnbpw i_c- na- e Xo¿∞mS- \\- hpw amcma- ¨ I¨h≥j\\pw ]cma- ¿in- °p∂ ]mT`- mK- ß- ƒ Fßs- \\b- mWv hnizmk- sØ l\\n°- pI? Xo¿®-bmbpw Cu ]pkvXIw aX-\\n-c-t]-£-X-bpsS ka-{K-ho- £Ww Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂p-≠v. GXv aX-Ønepw hniz-kn-°m-\\p≈ AhI- mi- a- mWv aX\\- nc- t- ]£- X F∂Xv Hcp `mKnI ho£Ww am{X- amW- v. AtXms- - Sm∏w Hcp aXØ- nepw hnizk- n°- mX- nc- n°- m\\- p≈ Ah- Im-ihpw aX-\\n-c-t]-£-X-bpsS kØ-bm-Wv. \\n¿Ω-X-\\mbn Pohn- °m\\- p≈ AhI- mi- s- Ø°- pd- n®v ]db- p∂- Xv aX\\- nµ- b- ms- W∂v Bt£- ]n°- p∂- h- ¿ CXv `cW- L- S\\ Dd∏- p\\- ¬Ip∂ AhI- mi- a- ms- W∂v ad- °-cp-Xv. A°q-´-cpsS hmZw `c-W-L-S-\\-sb-Øs∂ sh√p-hn-fn- °p∂XmWv. Npcp-°-Øn¬ aX-\\n-c-t]-£-X-bpsS XØz-ßfpw aX- ßf- psS e£yß- fpw ka{- Ka- mbpw bYm¿∞a- mbpw AhX- c- n∏- n°- p∂ ]pkXv I- a- mW- .v CXv Ip´nI- f- n¬ Xncn®- d- nh- pI- ƒ krjSv n°- pI- bpw Pohn- Xt- Øbpw aXt- Øbpw hna¿i\\- ]- c- a- mbn hneb- nc- pØ- m≥ {]m]vXa- m- °pI- bpw sNøpw F∂X- ne- mWv Nne¿°v ]cn{- `m¥- n. ]ptcml- nX- a- X- - Øns‚ A]-{`w-i-ßfpw Im]-Sy-ßfpw Ipcp-∂p-a-\\- p-I-fn¬ hnNm-c- Wbv°p hnt[-b-am-°ptam F∂v `b-°p-∂-h¿ A‘-amb aX-hn-izm- k-Øns‚ ad-hn¬ ]eXpw Hfn-∏n-°m≥ B{K-ln-°p-∂-h-cm-Wv. ChnsS aX-\\n-c-t]-£-X-bmWv aX-hn-cp-≤-X-bmbn Zp¿hym-Jym\\w

123Fw.-_n. cmtPjv aqe-[\\w aXw cm{„obw sNø-s∏-´-Xv. F∂m¬, imkv{X-Øns‚ aWvU-e-Ønse ]e-kp-{]- [m\\ Is≠-Ø-ep-Ifpw ]mT-]p-kvX-I-ß-fn¬ Dƒs∏-Sp-Øp-∂Xv ]e- t∏mgpw hnizm-k-Øns‚ t]cn¬ FXn¿°-s∏-´n-´p-≠v. Um¿hns‚ ]cn-Wm-a-kn-≤m-¥-Øn-s\\-Xn-sc-bm-bn-cp∂p \\o°w. Imen-t^m¿Wn- bmb- nse kvIqƒ ]mTy]- ≤- X- nb- n¬ ]cnW- ma- k- n≤- m¥w ]Tn∏- n°- p∂- - Xn\\p ]Icw ssZhk- rjSv n kn≤m¥w Dƒs∏S- pØ- W- s- a∂- mh- i- ys- ∏´p \\S∂ hnhmZ- t- ØmSv tIcf- Ø- nse kw`h- h- nI- mk- ß- ƒ°p kam\\- X ImWmw. t\\m_¬ kΩm\\w t\\Snb ]sØm-ºXv imkv{X-⁄cpw hnZym-`ymk hnZ-KvZcpw FXn¿Øn´pw hnizm-k-Øns‚ t]cn¬ sXcp- hne- nd- ß- nb- h- sc Xr]vXns- ∏S- pØ- m≥ Dev]Øn ]pkvXI- Ø- nse hnh- c-߃ IqSn ]mT-]p-kvX-I-Øn¬ Dƒs∏-Sp-Øp-I-bm-bn-cp∂p A∂v. F∂m¬, AXn-\\p-tijw Gsd Ign-™m-sW-¶nepw ItØm-en°m k` Um¿h-\\nkw AwKo-I-cn-°m≥ \\n¿_-‘n-X-am-bn. tZiob {]ÿm-\\sØ Ah-K-Wn-°p-Ibpw IΩyq-WnÃv Bi-b- ߃ {]N-cn-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂p F∂-XmWv ]pkvX-I-Øn-s\\-Xn- cmb c≠m-asØ Btcm-]-Ww. tZiob {]ÿm-\\-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ ]T\\w Ggmw ¢m n¬ XpSßn Ahns- SØ- s∂ Ahk- m\\- n°- p∂- ps- h- ∂mWv Cu hna¿i\\w tI´m¬ tXm∂pI- . AXn\\- pa- p≥]pw tij- hpw tZiob {]kvXm-\\-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ ]T\\w Ggmw ¢m n¬ XpSßn Ahn-sS-Øs∂ Ah-km-\\n-°p-∂p-sh-∂mWv Cu hna¿i\\w tI´m¬ tXm∂- pI- . AXn\\- pa- p≥]pw tijhpw tZiob {]ÿm\\- s- Ø°- pd- n®v ]Tn-°p-∂-Xns‚ `mK-amWv Ggmw ¢m nse ]pkvX-I-Ønse D≈-S- °-hpw. 1857-˛se H∂mw kzmX-{¥y-k-a-c-Øn¬ XpSßn 1885-˛se tIm¨{Kkv cq]oI- c- W- w, Pmenb- ≥ hmem_- mKv kw`h- w, D∏pk- X- ym- {Kl- w, Izn‰v C¥ym kac- w, ae_- m¿ Iem]- w, hmK¨ {SmPUn F∂n- h-sb√mw ]cm-a¿in-°p-∂- p-≠v. H∂mw kzmX{¥y ka-c-Ønse BZysØ c‡-km£n awK¬ ]mWvsU-sb-°p-dn®pw as‰mcp c‡- km£n ]o¿ap-l-Ω-Zn-s\\-°p-dn®pw D≈ ]cm-a¿i-߃ kzmX{¥yk- a-c-t]m-cm-fn-I-fpsS [o-c-X-sbbpw tZim-`n-am-\\-sØbpw Ipdn-®p≈ t_m[w hf¿Øpw. {_n´ojv aPnk- vt{S‰v Ãoh≥kns\\ shSns- h®- ps- Im∂ im¥nt- Lm- jn-s‚bpw kp\\nXm Nu[-cn-bp-sSbpw [oc-IrXysØ ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp- Øp∂- Xv Ip´nI- sf tXms°S- p°- m≥ t{]cn∏- n°- pw, Ahc- n¬ hntZzjw

124 aqe-[\\w aXw cm{„obw Fw.-_n. cmtPjv hf¿Øpw Fs∂ms- °b- p≈ hmZß- fpw N¿®b- n¬ tI´p. F¥mb- mepw Hcp Imcyw Dd-∏v. Ata-cn-°-bnepw C¥y-bnepw F√m-ap≈ htc-Wy- hnZ- yme- b- ß- f- n¬ ]ck- v]cw tXms°S- pØv IW°- pX- o¿°p∂ at\\m- tcm-Kn-Isf Cu ]mT-]p-kvX-I-߃ Dev]m-Zn-∏n-°n√. adn-®v, am\\-hn-I- X-bp-sSbpw kzmX-{¥y-Øn-s‚bpw ]£Øv Bbp-[-sa-SpØv s]mcp- Xnb tZik- vt\\l- nI- sf Bcm[- n°- p∂ Xea- pd- s- bb- mhpw krjvSn°- p- I. Cu ]pkvXIw ]gb Nne ]pkvX-I-ß-sf-t∏mse ]m¿iz-ho- £Ww Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂p-an-√. kzmX-{¥y-k-a-c-Øns‚ hn`n∂ [mc- Is- f°- pd- n®- p≈ kmam\\- ya- mb t_m[w krjSv n°- pI- b- mWv sNøp∂- X.v IΩyq-Wnkw ]Tn-∏n-°p∂p F∂-XmWv as‰mcp Bt£-]w. AXn\\v sXfnthm G.-sI.-Pn-bpsS Bfl-I-Y-bn¬ \\n∂p≈ D≤-c-Wn- bpw A[nI- h- mb- \\- bv°p \\n¿t- - ±i- n® \"\\Ωs- fm∂pw' \"]m´_- m°n' bpw G.-sI.-Pn-bpsS Bfl-I-Y-bnse P∑n-Xz-Øns‚ \\mfp-I-fnse Irjn- °mc- s‚ ssZ\\yX- s- b°- pd- n®v lrZb- k- v]¿inb- mbn hnhc- n°- p∂ `mK- amWv Dƒs∏S- pØ- nb- nc- n°- p∂- X- v. IΩyqW- nÃv ]m¿´nsb kw_‘- n® `mK-a-√. Ip´n-I-fpsS a\\- n¬ X´p∂ hn[-Øn¬ GsX-¶nepw tIm¨{K v t\\Xmh- ns‚ ]pkXv I- Ø- n¬ P∑nX- zs- Ø°- pd- n®v Hcp hnh- cWw N- q≠- n°- mW- n°- mtam? \\Ωs- fm∂pw ]m´_- m°- nbpw IΩyqW- nÃv kmln-Xy-sa∂v ap{Z-IpØn Akv]r-iy-am°n \\n¿-tØ-≠-XmtWm? tIcfw ]n∂n´ hgn-I-sf-°p-dn-®p≈ Dƒ°mgvN \\¬-Ip-∂-Xn¬ B ]pkvX-I-ß-fpsS ]¶v cmjv{Sob Xnancw _m[n-®-h¿°-√msX a‰m¿°mWv \\ntj[- n°- m\\- mh- pI? Adn-hns‚ hgn IΩyqW- nkw Ft∂m IΩyqW- nÃv ]m¿´ns- bt∂m D≈ Hcp hm°p- t]mepw B ]pkvX-I-Øn-en-√. Gjy-bnse BZysØ Xnc-s™-Sp- °s- ∏´ IΩyqW- nÃv `cW- m[- nI- mc- n, alm\\- mb C.F- w.F-  - ns‚ t]cp- t]mepw B ]pkvX-I-Øn¬ ]cm-a¿in-°p-∂n-√. IΩyq-WnÃv ]m¿´n- bpt- Sbpw C.F- w.F-  - nt- ‚bpw t]cv tIcf- Ø- ns‚ Ncn{- XØ- n¬ \\ymb- ambpw Dƒs∏-Sp-Øm-hp-∂-Xm-sW∂ Imcy-Øn¬ B¿°mWv X¿°- ap≠- mh- pI? F∂m¬, Cu ]pkvXI- Ø- n¬ Km‘nP- nbpw s\\lvdphpw BkmZpw `K-’nßpw _n.-sI.-ZØpw tIf-∏\\pw hmcn-bw-Ip-∂Øv Ip™l- Ω- Zv lmPnbpw Ben apke- ymcpw \\mcmb- W- K- pc- phpw h°w

125Fw.-_n. cmtPjv aqe-[\\w aXw cm{„obw aue-hnbpw s]mbvI-bn¬ tbml-∂m\\pw D≠v. tIm¨{K pw F≥.- F-kv.-F pw Fkv.-F≥.-Un-]nbpw {]Xy-£- ssZh-k-`bpw ap…nw sFIyk- wL- hpw D≠v. ]p∂{] hbe- mdpw Iøqcpw ]menbpw kXym- {K-lhpw t]mep≈ IΩyq-WnÃv ka-tc-Xn-lm-k-ß-fn-√. F∂m¬, Nm∂m¿ el-fbpw ssh°w kXym-{K-lhpw Dƒs∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p-≠v. C\\n ]d-bq, Cu ]pkvX-I-Øn¬ IΩyq-Wn-k-Øns‚ AXn-{]-k-c- apt≠m? P∑n-Xz-Nq-j-Whpw tIc-f-Øns‚ kmaq-ly-]p-tcm-K-Xnbpw ]pkXv Iw hc®- nS- p∂- p≠- .v Xo¿®b- mbpw CXn¬ cmj{v Sobap≠.v AXp- ]-t£, IΩyq-WnÃv I£n-cm-{„o-b-a-√. P\\m-[n-]Xy tIc-f-Øns‚ Bhn¿`m-h-Øn\\pw hf¿®bv°pw \\nZm-\\-amb cmjv{So-b-am-W-Xv. B cmj{v Sobw h¿Pya- ms- W∂v tXm∂p∂- h- c- psS cmj{v Sob- a- mWv FXn¿°- s∏t- S≠- X- v. Ah-km-\\-ambn ]mT-]p-kvX-I-Øns‚ D≈-S-°-sØbpw \\ne-hm-c- sØbpw Ipdn®- p≈ ktµl- ß- f- psS hkXv pX- s- b¥- mW?v ]mT]- pk- Xv - I-sØbpw t_m[-\\-sØbpw kw_-‘n® km{º-Zm-bnI ho£-W- ß-fpsS XS-h-d-bn¬ \\n∂p t\\m°p-tºmƒ kwi-b-ß-fp-≠m-hpI kzm`m-hn-Iw. ]pkvX-I-Øns‚ t]-Pp-I-fpsS FÆhpw I\\hpw IW- °m°n D≈-S°w \\n¿Æ-bn-°p∂ coXn-b-\\p-k-cn®pw ]cm-Xn-bp-≠m- hp-∂-Xn¬ A¤p-X-an-√. F≥.kn.C. B¿.-Sn-bpsS tZiob ]mTy-]- ≤Xn N´-°q-Sns‚ kao-]-\\-a-\\p-k-cn®pw hna¿i-\\m-flI t_m[-\\-im- {XØ- ns‚ coXnb- \\- pk- c- n®pw Xømd- m°- nb ]pkXv I- ß- f- mW- nh- . ]gb ]mTy]- ≤- X- nb- nse ]pkvXI- ß- s- ft- ∏mse F√m Adnhpw ]mT]- pk- vX- IØ- ne- p≠- v. AXn\\- ∏- pd- s- am∂- pa- n√ F∂ [mcW- b- √ Cu ]pkvXI- - ߬ ssIam-dp-∂-Xv. a\\:]mT-am-°p∂ ]gb coXn-°m-h-iy-am-b-Xp- a√ Cu ]pkvX-I-߃. AS-®p-sI-´nb ]g-b-co-Xn-°p-]-Icw Adn-hn- s‚bpw Bib- ß- f- ps- Sbpw hnime- t- emI- ß- f- nt- e°- p≈ PmeI- ß- ƒ Xpd-∂p-h-bv°p∂ coXn-bmWv Cu ]pkvXIw Ah-ew-_n-°p-∂-Xv. ChnsS {]iv\\w Hcp ]mT-]p-kvXIw am{X-a-√. kzm{ib \\nbaw apX¬ Fkv.-F-kv.-F¬.kn ]co-£m-^-e-Ønse apt∂-‰hpw s]mXp- hn-Zym-`ymk \\ho-I-c-Whpw GI-Pm-eI kwhn-[m-\\hpw hsc-bp≈ kw`-h-ß-fpsS ]›m-Ø-e-Øn¬ thWw Cu tImem-l-e-ßsf ImWm≥. 1957-˛-se∂ t]mse C∂pw hnZym-`ym-k-ta-J-e-bn¬ cq]w- sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂ kwL¿jw tIc-f-k-aq-l-Øn¬ aq¿—n-°p∂ h¿§

126 aqe-[\\w aXw cm{„obw Fw.-_n. cmtPjv kwL¿jsØ {]Xn-^-e\\w Xs∂-bm-Wv. Cu aq¿—n-°p∂ h¿K- kw-L¿jsØ h¿Ko-b-ambn t\\cn-Sm-\\p≈ tIc-fob he-Xp-]-£- Øns‚ ]cn-{i-a-ß-fpsS HSp-hn-esØ A≤ym-b-amWv Ggmw ¢m v ]pkXv IsØ ap≥\\n¿Ønb- p≈ aX˛- k- ma- pZ- mb- nI i‡nI- f- psS GIo- I-c-Ww... ae-bmfw hmcnI, 2008 Pqsse

127Fw.-_n. cmtPjv aqe-[\\w aXw cm{„obw `mKw aq∂v

128 aqe-[\\w aXw cm{„obw Fw.-_n. cmtPjv c≠mw Kpcp-hm-bq¿ kXym-{Klw tIcfob \\thm-∞m\\ Ncn-{X-Ønse {]Im-i-`-cn-X-amb Hcp A≤ymb- a- mWv Kpcph- mb- q¿ kXym{- Kl- w. hnizmk- nI- f- mb Hcp henb hn`m-KsØ Abn-Ø-Pm-Xn-°m-sc∂ t]cn¬ t£{Xm-cm-[-\\-bn¬ hne°p I¬]n®p \\n¿Øn-bn-cp∂ \\mSp-hm-g- n-Ø-Øn-s‚bpw {_m“- Wt- a[- mh- nX- zØ- ns- ‚bpw sI´ \\oXns- °X- nc- mb alØ- mb Hcp P\\m- [n]- Xy apt∂‰- a- mb- nc- p∂p Kpcph- mb- q¿ kXym{- Kl- w. sFXnl- mk- nI- - amb B ka-c-Øns‚ πm‰n\\w Pq_nen BtLm-j-߃ \\S-∂p-sIm- ≠n-cn-°p∂ thf-bm-Wn-Xv. F∂m¬ hntcm-[m-`m-k-sa∂p ]d-bs´ AtX Kpcph- mb- qc- n¬\\n∂;v A∂v FXn¿Øp tXm¬∏n°- s- ∏´ Po¿Æm- Nm-c-ß-fp-sSbpw ]utcm-ln-Xy-Øn-s‚bpw apcƒ®-Iƒ ho≠pw tI´p XpS-ßn-bn-cn-°p-∂p. P\\-Iob apt∂-‰-ß-fpsS i‡-amb then-tb-‰- ß-fm¬ Ncn-{X-Øn¬\\n∂v XqsØ-dn-b-s∏´ {]mIr-Xm-Nm-c-߃ \\n¿e÷w ]p\\-cm-\\-bn-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xns‚ thZn-bmbn Kpcp-hm-bq¿ t£{Xw amdp∂- Xv sR´e- pf- h- m°- p∂- p. B[p\\- nI tIcf- Ø- ns‚ ]cn- jvIrX kaql- s- Øbpw P\\m[- n]- X- yt- _m[- s- Øbpw \\Sp°- nb AØ- c-samcp kw`-h-am-bn-cp∂p hb-em¿c-hn-bpsS t]c-°p-´n-bpsS tNmdq- Wns\\ XpS¿∂v AhnsS Act- ßd- nb- X- v. apØ»n (tagvkn chn) Aln- µp-hm-sW-∂-Xn-\\m-em-Wt{X t]c-°p´n t£{X-Øn¬ Ib-dn-b-Xn\\v ]pWymlw Xfn®v ip≤n hcp-Øn-bXv! Bdp amkw {]mb-ap≈ Hcp Ip™v {]th-in-®m¬ Kpcp-hm-bq¿ t£{X-Øns‚ hnip≤n If-¶-s∏- ´p-t]m-Ip-sa∂v hn[n-°p∂ X{¥n-am-cp-sSbpw B Akw_‘w Xe Ipep°n kΩX- n®- ps- ImS- p°- pI- bpw sNøp∂- h- c- psS at\\m\\- ne F¥m-

129Fw.-_n. cmtPjv aqe-[\\w aXw cm{„obw bnc- n°pw? X{¥ imkv{XØ- ns- ‚bpw t£{XmN- mc- ß- f- ps- Sbpw t]cn¬ Cu {]mIrX IrXysØ \\ymboI- c- n°- m≥ hy{KX ImWn°- p∂ X{¥n- amcpw kn¬_-¥n-Ifpw Xpcp-sº-SpØp {Zhn-®p-t]mb ]gb NmXp¿ h¿ÆyØ- ns‚ s]m´nb hmƒØe- s- Im≠v Xea- pd- I- s- ft- ]mepw th´- bmS- m\\- mWv {ian°- p∂- X- v. CXv Hcp H‰-s∏´ kw`-h-am-bn-´√ R߃ ImWp-∂-Xv. hb-em¿ chnb- psS hy‡n]- c- a- mb {]i\\v a- √ \\thm∞- m\\ aqey߃°p t\\sc, ]p\\-cp-∞m\\ i‡n-Iƒ \\S-Øp∂ IS-∂m-{I-a-W-am-bn-´m-WnXv Xncn- ®d- nt- b≠- X- .v GXm\\pw X{¥na- m¿°v Cßs- \\s- bms° sNøm\\pw AXv ]pc-∏p-dØp Ibdn \\n∂v \\ymbo-I-cn-°m\\pw Ign-bp∂ Hcp kmaq- lym-¥-co£w tIc-f-Øn¬ cq]-s∏-´p-h-cp∂p F∂Xv DXvI-WvT-bp-f- hm-°p∂ Imcy-amWv. bmK-im-e-Ifpw b⁄ime-Ifpw \\msSßpw ho≠pw Db¿∂ph- c- p∂- Xpw AhnsS \\n∂v han°- p∂ Icnº- pI \\Ω- psS s]mXp-a-fi-e-Øns‚ P\\m-[n-]Xy Xpd- p-Isf hngp-ßp-∂Xpw AXn\\p ad-hn¬ A‘-hn-izm-k-ßfpw A\\m-Nm-c-ßfpw BƒssZ-h- ßfpw Bflob hym]m-chpw Xnan¿Øm-Sp-∂-Xp-sa√mw ka-Im-enI tIcf- ob Ahÿ- b- psS bmYm¿∞yß- f- mW- v. Cu aen\\- oI- c- n°- s- ∏´ kmaq-ly-hy-h-ÿ-bpsS shfn-s∏-S-ep-I-fmWv ]pWymlw t]mep≈ kw`h- ß- ƒ. Cu ka{- KX- b- n¬ {]iv\\sØ kao]- n°- m\\pw {]Xnt- cm[w kr„n- °m\\- pa- mWv Un ssh F^v sF {ian°- p∂- X- .v \\mSph- mg- nØ ImesØ sI´ BNm-c-߃°pw A\\p-jvTm-\\-߃°pw C∂v {]k-‡n-bn-√.- t£{XmN- mc- ß- f- pƒs∏sS F√m BNmc- m\\- pj- Tv m\\- ß- fpw P\\m[- n]- Xy- Po-hn-X-Øn-\\-\\p-tbm-Py-amb hn[-Øn¬ Imtem-Nn-X-am-hp-Ibpw ]cn- jIv c- n°- pI- bpw thWs- a∂v ]db- pt- ºmƒ B¿°p s]m≈Ww? \"\"BNm- c-߃ thm´n-\\n´v am‰m-\\m-hn-√.'' F∂v ]cn-l-kn-°p-∂-h¿ P\\m-[n-]- XysØ Xs∂-bmWv \\nµn-°p-∂-Xv. \\mb¿°v aWn-b-Sn®v sXmgm≥ AhI- mi- a- n√- mØ ImeØv Kpcph- mb- qc- º- e- Ø- n¬ Ibdn aWnb- S- n®- - Xn\\v a¿±-\\-ta-‰p-hm-ßn-b-t∏mƒ kJmhv IrjvW-]n≈ ]d™ hmN- Iß- ƒ. Nne {]XnI- c- W- ß- ƒ tIƒ°pt- ºmƒ Ahb- v°p≈ adp]- S- n- bmbn Ct∏mgpw apgß- p∂- p≠- v. \"\"BNm-c-߃ am‰n-bm¬ {]t£m`w'' F∂ `ojWn apg-°p-∂-h¿ {_m“W- m[- n]- X- yØ- ns- ‚bpw \\mSphmg- nØ- Ø- ns- ‚bpw \\mfpI- f- nse

130 aqe-[\\w aXw cm{„obw Fw.-_n. cmtPjv F√m \\m´p-\\-S-∏p-Ifpw Ct∏mgpw XpS-c-W-sa∂ A`n-{]m-b-ap-≈-h- cmtWm F∂pI- qSn hy‡a- m°- p∂- Xv \\∂mb- nc- n°- pw. \\thm∞- m\\- sØ \\ntj[- n°- pI- bpw Ncn{Xw hnkvac- n°- pI- bpw sNøp∂- h- ¿°p am{Xta Cßs\\ Zp»mT- yß- ƒ sh®p]- pe- ¿Øm\\- mh- q. CXv hnizmk- nI- f- psS am{Xw Imcya- ms- W∂pw hnizmk- nI- f- √- mØ- - h¿ CS-s]-S-cp-sX∂pw ]d-bp-∂-h-tcmSv adp-]Sn CXm-Wv. ]pWymlw Xfn® kw`hw Hcp kzImcy {]iv\\-a-√. AXv a\\p-jys‚ A¥- n- s‚bpw kmaq-ly-\\o-Xn-bp-sSbpw P\\m-[n-]Xy Ah-Im-i-Øn-s‚bpw {]iv\\a- mW- v. Cu {]iv\\ß- f- n¬ hnizmkn/Ahni- zmkn hn`P- \\w hcp- ∂n-√. H∂mw Kpcp-hm-bq¿ kXym-{K-l-Øn¬ hnizm-kn-I-f-√mØ ]n. IrjvW-]n-≈bv°pw F.-sI.-Pn-.bv°p-sam∏w tNcm≥ tIf-∏-\\pƒs∏- sSb- p≈ At\\Iw hnizmk- nI- ƒ°v ssha\\- k- ya- - p≠- mb- n√ F∂v Hm¿Ωn- °W- w. R߃ apt∂m´v sh°p∂- Xv BNmc- ß- f- ps- Sbpw Bcm[- \\- m- eb- ß- f- ps- Sbpw P\\m[- n]- X- yh- ¬°c- W- s- a∂ hnime- h- o£- W- a- mW- v. hnizmk- nb- mb tbipZ- mk- n\\v aqImw_- nI t£{XØ- n¬ Ibd- ms- a¶- n¬ F¥p-sIm≠v Kpcp-hm-bq-cn¬ ]mSn√? t£{Xw X{¥n-am¿°p th≠ntbm AtXm bYm¿∞ hnizm-kn-Iƒ°p-th-≠ntbm F∂ tNmZy-߃ Db¿∂p XpS-tß-≠-Xp-≠v. hnizm-kn-Iƒ°p taep≈ ]utcml- nXy ta[mh- nXzw AkzoI- mc- ya- mW- .v \\thm∞- m\\- Ø- ns‚ Bi- b-ß-fpsS hnImkw P\\m-[n-]-Xy-Øns‚ hnime temI-߃ kr„n- t°≠- X- p≠- v. Bcm[- \\- me- b- ß- f- n¬ Ahb- psS A®S- - °- hpw hyhÿ- - Ifpw ]men-°p∂ GsXmcp a\\p-jy\\pw {]th-i\\w km≤y-am-tI-≠- Xp-am-Wv. AØ-c-Øn¬ hnim-e-amb atX-X-cXz-Øn-te°pw P\\m-[n- ]X- yØ- nt- e°pw hgnX- pd- °- p∂ N¿®Iƒ Db¿∂ph- c- W- s- a∂- mWv Un ssh F^v sF B{K-ln-°p-∂-Xv. I£n cm{„o-b-Øn\\pw kmap-Zm- bnI k¶p-Nn-X-Xz-Øn-\\p-a-Xo-X-ambn Cß-s\\-sbmcp kwhm-Z-Øn\\v Pq¨ 18˛- \\v Un.s- sh.F- ^- v.sF kwLS- n∏- n°- p∂ \"Kpcph- mb- q¿ kXym- {Klw' CXn-\\Iw Xs∂ XpS°w Ipdn-®-Xn¬ R߃°v AXn-bmb kt¥m-j-ap-≠v. Ht´sd kwL-S-\\-Ifpw hy‡n-Ifpw Cu kwhm-Z- Øn¬ ]¶pt- N¿∂ps- Im≠- nc- n°- p∂- p. A`qX- ]- q¿∆a- mb ]n¥pW- b- mWv Un ssh F^v sFbpsS c≠mw Kpcp-hm-bq¿ kXym-{K-l-Øn\\v e`n- ®ps- Im≠- nc- n°- p∂- X- v. ]n¥pW- ®h¿s°√mw \\nd™ lrZb- t- ØmsS \\µn ]d-bp-∂p. CXp t]msemcp kp{]-[m\\ {]iv\\-Øn¬ Ct∏mgpw

131Fw.-_n. cmtPjv aqe-[\\w aXw cm{„obw AZ`v pX- I- c- a- mb au\\w ]pe¿Øp∂ tIcf- Ø- nse tIm¨{Kkv t\\Xr- Xzhpw bqØv tIm¨{Kkv Dƒs∏-sS-bp≈ Nne bp-h-P-\\-kw-L-S-\\- Ifpw C\\n-sb-¶nepw Xß-fpsS \\ne-]mSv hy‡-am-°p-sa∂v Icp-Xp- ∂p. Fgp-]-Øn-bmdp sIm√w apºp \\S∂ Kpcp-hm-bq¿ kXym-{K-l- Øns‚ Ncn-{Xm-\\p-`-h-߃ ka-Ime tIc-f-Øn\\v am¿§-Z¿i-\\-ta-Ip- ∂h- b- mW- v. AXn¬\\n∂v {]tNmZ- \\- a- pƒs°m≈- p∂ Cu c≠mw Kpcp- hmb- q¿ kXym{- Kl- sØ tIcfw lrZb- ]- q¿∆w kzoIc- n°- p∂- Xv \\thm- ∞m-\\-Øns‚ ]pXnb IS-en-c-º-߃°v ImtXm¿ØpsIm-≠mWv. bph[- mc, 2007 Pq¨

132 aqe-[\\w aXw cm{„obw Fw.-_n. cmtPjv {]Xo-I-ß-fpsS cmjv{Sob {]tbm-Khpw Nne hnX-fi-hm-Z-ßfpw sFXnl- mk- nI- a- mb c≠mw Kpcph- mb- q¿ kXym{- Kl- sØ tImam- fnØw F∂v hnti-jn-∏n-®Xv Fw Pn Fkv \\mcm-b-W-\\m-Wv. as‰mcp FIkv v IayqW- nÃ- mb kn B¿ \\oeI- W- Tv ≥ Fw.Pn.Fkns‚ `’\\w sXm≠sXmSmsX hngpßn am[yaw Zn\\-]-{X-Øns‚ Xmfn-eqsS Un.sshF- ^- s-v Fb- °v pt- \\sc ho≠pw sNmcn™- p. (am[- yaw Zn\\]- {Xw, Pqsse 10) Ccp FIvkv IayqW- nÃ- pI- fpw am¿Ivkns\\ kµ¿`Øn¬ \\n∂v AS¿Øn-sb-SpØv D≤-cn®v Un-ssh-F-^v-sF-s°-Xnsc sNmcn- bp∂ A[n-t£-]-Øns‚ ImX¬ F¥mWv? Fgp-]-Ø-©p-sIm√w apºp \\S∂ H∂w Kpcp-hm-bq¿ kXy-{K-l-Øns‚ X-\\n-bm-h- ¿Ø-\\-am Wv UnsshF- ^sv F t\\XrX- zØ- n¬ \\S∂- Xv F∂pw C∂sØ \\thm ∞m\\ kak- yI- s- fs- bm∂pw A- `- nk- wt- _m[- \\- s- Nø- m≥ AXv {]m]vX a√ F∂p-amWv Ah-cpsS {]kw-K-˛-{]-_-‘-ß-fn¬ ASn-™p-Iq-Snb A[nt- £]- ß- f- psS Zp¿taZ- kv \\o°- n°- g- n™- m¬ Aht- ijn°p∂- X.v c≠mw Kpcp-hm-bq¿ kXym-{Klw X\\n-bm-h¿Ø\\w am{X-am-bn- cpt∂m? Aßs\\ Bbn-cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬ tIc-f-Øn¬ kao-]-Im-e-Øp- ≠mb hnim-e-amb Hcp kmaqly-kw-hm-Z-Øns‚ tI{µ-_n-µp-hm-bn- Øo-cm≥ Cu kXy-{K-l-Øn\\v Ign-bp-am-bn-cp-∂n-√. Cu ka-c-{]- Jym-]\\w ]pWym-lhnhmZ-Øn¬ Dƒt®¿∂ncn°p∂ kmaq-lnI {]iv\\-ß-fn¬ Hcp \\ne-]m-sS-Sp-°m≥ cmjv{Sob ]m¿´n-I-fpƒs∏sS F√m kwL-S-\\-I-sfbpw \\n¿_-‘n-X-am-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn. ]ecpw sXmSm≥ aSn-®p-\\n∂ Hcp {]iv\\-Øn¬ Unssh-F-^vsF CS-s]-S-en-

133Fw.-_n. cmtPjv aqe-[\\w aXw cm{„obw t\\mSv {]XnI- c- n®- ps- Im≠- mWv a‰p≈- h- s- c√mw kz¥w \\ne]- mSv hy‡- am-°n-b-Xv. A\\-ßmsX InS∂ bqØv tIm¨{Kkv t]mepw Hcp amkØ- n\\- pt- ij- a- ms- W¶- nepw kXy{- Kl- {- ]l- k- \\- Ø- n\\v \\n¿_‘- n- Xa- mb- Xv c≠mw Kpcph- mb- q¿ kXy{- Klw krjvSn® kmaql- nI- N- e- \\- - Øns‚ i‡n-bmWv ImWn-°p-∂-Xv. F≥ Fkv Fkpw tbmK-t£-a- k-`-bn¬ Hcp hn`m-Khpw am{X-amWv c≠mw Kpcp-hm-bq¿ kXym-{K-l- Øn\\v B[m-c-amb \\ne-]m-Sns\\ ]c-ky-ambn FXn¿Ø-Xv. Unssh- F^- s-v F°v lnU≥ AP≥Ub- ms- W∂- mt- cm]- n® _nsP]- n°- pt- ]mepw Rß-fp-b¿Ønb ap{Zm-hmIyw {]k-‡-am-sW∂v AwKo-I-cn-t°-≠n- h∂- p. hbe- m¿ chnbpw kn sI ]fl\\- m`- \\- pa- pƒs∏s- Sb- p≈- h- ¿ ]n¥p- W®- Xpw AXns‚ kmaql- nI- {- ]k- ‡n Xncn®- d- n™- ps- Im≠- mb- nc- p∂- p. _nsP-]n-bpsS _Z¬ kXy-{Klw Nne kn\\n-am-\\-Sn-am-cp-sSbpw ho£Ww ]{Xm-[n-]¿ sI F¬ taml-\\-h¿a-bp-sSbpw am{Xw (C- Xn\\v {]Xy-`n-hmZyw t\\cm-\\m-bn-cn-°Ww kwL-]-cn-hm¿ an{Xw Fw Pn Fkv bqØv tIm¨{K-kns‚ thZn-bn¬ FØn-b-Xv) km∂n[yw sIm≠v ipjIv n®- pt- ]mb- t- ∏mg- mb- nc- p∂p UnsshF- ^- s-v Fb- psS c≠mw- kX- y{- Kl- Ø- n\\v A`qX- ]- q¿∆a- mb P\\]- n¥- pW e`n®- Xv F∂ Imcyw {it≤b- a- mW- v. X{¥na- mc- ps- Sbpw ]ca- mh- [n h∂m¬ sslµh hnizm- knI- f- ps- Sbpw am{Xw Hcp {]iv\\w F∂ CØnc- h- ´- Ø- n¬ \\n∂v hnim- ea- mb P\\m[- n]- Xy kwhmZ- Ø- ns‚ aWvUe- Ø- nt- e°v ]pWyml- {- ]- iv\\sØ Db¿Øn-bXpw AXn\\v _lp-ap-J-amb am\\-߃ \\¬In- bXpw c≠mw Kpcphm-bq¿ kXy-{K-l-am-bn-cp∂p F∂¿∞w. Cu kac- Ø- n\\v e`n® Akm[- mc- W- a- mb kzoImc- yX- bpw Bib- - kwh- mZ- Ø- ns‚ aWvUe- Ø- n¬ AXv krjvSn® Xncb- nf- °- ß- fpw Ncn- {X-Øn-s‚bpw {]Xo-I-ß-fp-sSbpw sshcp-[ym-fl-I-amb D]-tbm-K- sØbpw cmjv{Sob km[y-X-I-sf-bpw-Ip-dn-®p≈ kºq¿Æ A⁄- Xb- n¬\\n∂v am{Xa- mWv c≠mw Kpcph- mb- q¿ kXy{- Klw shdpw X\\n- bmh- ¿Ø\\- a- ms- W∂ Zp¿hmb- \\- I- ƒ cq]w sIm≈p∂- X- v. Kpcph- mb- q¿ kXy-{Klw F∂ al-Ømb {]Xo-IsØ C∂sØ kmaq-lnI kml-N-cy-߃°pw {]iv\\-߃°pw A\\p-kr-X-amb \\ne-bn¬ tX- ®p-an-\\p-°n-sb-SpØv ka-cm-bp-[ambn D]-tbm-Kn-°p-I-bmWv Unssh- F-^vsF sNbvX-Xv. amdp∂ kaq-l-Øn¬ cmjv{Sob ap{Zm-hm-Iy- ßfpw kac- c- q]- ß- fpw B am‰- Ø- n\\pw hf¿®b- v°ps- am∏w ]p\\:{Iao-

134 aqe-[\\w aXw cm{„obw Fw.-_n. cmtPjv Ic- n®- ps- Im≠- mWv UnsshF- ^- vsF {]h¿Ø- n°- p∂- X- v. c≠mw Kpcp- hm-bq¿ kXy-{Klw AØ-c-Øn-semcp XpS¿®-sbbpw hf¿®-sb-bp- amWv {]Xn-^-en-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. H∂mw kXy-{K-l-Øns‚ ap{Zm-hmIyw F√m hnizm-kn-Iƒ°pw t£{X-{]-th-i-\\-sa-∂m-bn-cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬ c≠mw kXym-{K-l-Øn-s‚ ap{Zm-hmIyw F√m hnizm-kn-Iƒ°pw t£{X-{]-th-i-\\-sa-∂-Xm-Wv. AXp-b¿Øp∂ kz]v\\-am-Is´ F√m Bcm[- \\- me- b- ß- fpw F√m a\\pj- y¿°pw {]m]ya- m°- p∂ s]mXp CS- ßf- mb- nØ- oc- pI F∂X- pa- mW- .v Fgp]- Ø- ©- ps- Im√- Ø- n\\- nS- b- n¬ P\\m- [n]- Xy ho£W- Ø- ne- p≠- mb hnImk- sØ {]Xn^- e- n∏- n°- p∂- X- mWv Cu ap{Zm-hm-Iyhpw kz]v\\-hpw. Hcp `mKØv c≠mw kXy-{K-lsØ shdpw X\\n-bm-h¿Ø-\\-sa∂v A[n-t£-]n-°p-tºmƒØs∂ adp-`m- KØv {iotIm-hn-en¬ Ib-dm-ØXpw aWn-b-Sn-°m-ØXpw Ft¥ F∂pw \\oeI- W- vT≥ tNmZn°- pt- ºmƒ X\\nb- mh- ¿Ø\\- s- a∂v ÿm]n- °m≥ {ian-°p-∂-Xnse Zp¿_-e-bp‡n am{X-a√ ZpjvS-em°pw ]pd- Øp-h-cp-∂p-≠v. Fw _n cmtP-jn\\v Kpcp-hm-bq-c-º-e-Ønse {iotIm- hne- n¬ Ibd- ns- ®√- mt- am, F¶n¬ At∏mƒ ImWmw Fs∂ms- °b- p≈ sh√p-hn-fn-bn¬ AS¿∂p-ho-gp-∂Xv hf-cp∂ {_m“-Wm-[n-]-Xy-sØ- °p-dn®v Xs‚ am[yaw teJ-\\-Øn¬ \\oe-I-WvT≥ {]I-Sn-∏n-°p∂ I]S- t- cmj- Ø- ns‚ apJwa- qS- nb- mW- v. Gsd°- mew ]ptcmK- a- \\ {]ÿm- \\-Øn-s\\m∏w \\S-∂n´pw hm¬ap-dn-®n´pw adn-I-S-°m≥ Ign-bmØ ]c- ]p-—-Øn-s‚bpw PmXym-`n-am-\\-Øn-s‚bpw s\\K-fn-∏p-IqSn B tNmZy- ßf- n¬\\n∂v hmbns- ®S- p°- mw. X{¥n-amcpsSbpw {_m“-Wm-[n-]-Xy-Øn-s‚bpw A{]-am-ZnXzw tNmZyw sNøp∂- n√ F∂mt- cm]- n°- p∂ \\oeI- W- vT≥ c≠mw kXy{- K- lØ- ns‚ thZnb- nt- e°v cmj{v Sob- h- nt- cm[- s- am∂v am‰nh- ®v t\\m°nbncp- ∂p-sh-¶n¬ Aßs\\ ]d-bp-am-bn-cp-∂n-√. t£{X tkm]m-\\-ß-fn¬ hne-t°¿s∏-Sp-Ø-s∏´ Xnc-kvIrX Kmb-I≥ lcn-tKm-hn-µ≥ apX¬ Iogm-f-I-e-bpsS IdpØ IcpØpw kuµ-cy-hp-amb ]nsI Imf≥h- scb- p≈- h- c- psS km∂n[- yhpw Agot- °mS- v, Np≈n°- mS- v, \\n¿Ωe- m\\- µ inht- bmK- n, i‡nt- _m[n XpSßnb- h- c- psS {]`mj- W- ß- fpw {]Xn\\- n- [o-Ic- n°- p-Ibpw hniI- e- \\w sN-øpI- bpw sNbvXXv PmXnh- nc- p≤- hpw ]utcml- nXy ta[mh- nX- zØ- ns- \\X- nc- pa- mb cmjv{Sob- a- √- msX as‰¥- m- bnc- p∂p? tIhe hnizmk- Ø- ns‚ am{Xa- √- , kmaql- y\\- oX- n, a\\pj- ys‚

135Fw.-_n. cmtPjv aqe-[\\w aXw cm{„obw A¥- v, a\\p-jym-h-Im-iw, P\\m-[n-]Xy Ah-Imiw F∂nhsb√mw ]pWyml {]iv\\-Øn¬ Dƒs∏-´n-´p≠v F∂v R߃ Bh¿Øn®v ]d™- nc- p∂- p. AXps- Im≠- pX- s∂ P\\ß- f- psS {]ÿm\\- Ø- n\\pw P\\- ßf- m¬ sXcs- ™S- p°- s- ∏´ k¿°mc- n\\pw CSs- ]S- m≥ A[nI- mc- a- p≠v F∂pw R߃ Nq≠n°- m´- n. X{¥na- mc- psS A{]a- mZ- nX- zØ- ns- \\X- nc- m bn P\\ß- f- psS C—sb ÿm]n°- m\\- mWv CXne- qsS {ian®- X- .v P\\m[n- ]X- yØ- n¬ BNmc- ß- fpw A\\pj- vTm\\- ß- f- ps- a√mw \\n›b- nt- °≠- Xv X{¥na- mc- √- , P\\l- nX- {- ]I- mc- a- mWv F∂ \\ne]- mS- mWv apt∂m´- ps- h®X.v ]pWym-lsØ hb-em¿ chn-bpsS kz¥w-Im-cy-amtbm H‰-s∏´ Hcp {]i\\v a- mtbm A√ UnsshF- ^v sF I≠X- .v bmKhpw b⁄hpw tlmahpw k]vXm-lhpw tZh-{]-iv\\hpw tPym’hpw a{¥-hm-Zhpw BƒssZh- ß- fpw [ym\\t- I{- µß- fpw F√mw C∂v {]Xn^- e- n∏- n®- ps- Im- ≠n-cn-°p-∂, ]p\\-cp-∞m-\\-aq-ey-ßfpw aqe-[\\ Xm¬∏-cy-ßfpw XΩn- ep≈ Ahn-lnX thgvN-Ifp-tS-Xmb A\\`n-e-j-Wo-b-amb kmaq-ln- Im¥- c- o£- h- pa- mbn G‰pa- p´- p∂- X- n\\- p≈ \\nanØ- a- mb- mW- v. c≠mw kXym-{K-l-Øns‚ e£yw Kuc-h-amb a‰v {]iv\\-ß-fn¬ \\n∂v P\\{- i≤ Xncn®- ph- nS- e- mb- nc- p∂p F∂mWv as‰mcp Btcm]- W- w. {]IrX- n°- pt- \\s- cb- p≈ aqe[- \\- s- sIt- b‰- sØ sNdp°- p∂ k¿°m¿ \\S]- S- nI- sf UnsshF- ^- vsF ]n¥pW- °- p∂- n√- t- {X. AXns\\ ]n¥p- W-bv°m≥ Rm≥ am{X-ta-bp-≈p-sh∂ \\oe-I-WvTs‚ hywKy-amb AhI- mi- h- mZw DØcw Xmßp∂ ]√nb- pt- SX- n\\v kam\\- a- mW- v. Ipca- - IØpw hmK-a-Ænepw ap∂m-dnepw tImh-f-Øp-sa√mw Unssh-F-^v- sF -Iq-Sn \\S-Ønb ka-c-ß-fpsS XpS¿®bpw hf¿®-bp-am-Wv P\\- Iob ka-c-ß-fp-sS-bmsI D¬∏-∂-amb hn Fkv k¿°m¿ C∂v \\S- Øp∂ [oc-amb \\-N-]-Sn-I-sf∂v Xncn-®-dnbm≥ Acm-jv{Sob a\\- p- Iƒ°v Ign-bn-√. ]I¿®∏- \\n ]Sc- pt- ºmƒ F¥ps- Nb- vXps- h∂- mWv thsdmcp alm- tNmZ- yw. tIm´b- w, ]Ø\\- wX- n´ Pn√I- f- n¬ Hcp amkØ- nt- es- db- mbn 100t- esd saUn°- ¬ IymºpI- fpw NnIn’m klmb- t- I{- µß- f- pa- mWv Unssh-F-^vsF t\\Xr-Xz-Øn¬ {]h¿Øn-°p-∂-Xv. Ah-tcm-SmWv _p≤n-Pohn XmSn XS-hn-s°m≠v tNmZn-°p-∂-Xv, \\n߃ F¥p-sN- bvXp-sh∂v! ka-Ime Pohn-X-Øns‚ ]cp-°≥ bmYm¿∞y-ß-fpsS aÆn¬ \\n∂v thc‰v _u≤nI Im]S- yß- f- psS hnÆnepw Nm\\¬®¿®-

136 aqe-[\\w aXw cm{„obw Fw.-_n. cmtPjv I-fnepw ]mdn-\\-S-∂m¬ CsXm-∂p-a-dn-bn-√, Unssh-F-^v-sF-bpsS {_ntUK- ns- \\°- pd- n®p ]db- pt- ºmƒ IWTv Ø- n¬ \\n∂v ]pdØ- ph- c- p∂ hm°pI- ƒ°v hntcm[- Ø- ns‚ hnj\\- oe- na- . AXv tkmfnU- mc- n‰- nb- pt- S- Xms- W¶- n¬ tX≥a[- pc- na- . BtKmf- h- ¬°c- W- Ø- n\\pw hnZym`- ymk- ˛- - Bt- cmK- yt- aJ- e- b- nse I®h- S- h- ¬°c- W- Ø- n\\- ps- a√mw FXnsc tNmc- s]m-Sn-bp∂ t]mcm´w \\S-Øp∂ Unssh-F-^v-sF-tb-°mƒ Ct±-l- Øn\\v tkmfnU- mc- n‰- nt- bmSv {]Wbw tXm∂m\\- p≈ {]tem`- \\w F¥m- hmw. Unssh-F-^v-sFsb ]p—n-°p-∂Xv cmjv{Sob sFU‚n‰n Fs¥- ∂d- nb- mØ- h- ¿ F∂ph- nf- n®- mWv. km{amP- yX- zt- ØmSpw h¿§ob- X- t- bm- Spa- p≈ hn´ph- og- b-v n√- mØ FXn¿∏nepw P\\m[- n]- X- yw, aX\\- nc- t- ]£- X F∂o Bib- ß- t- fmSp≈ {]Xn_- ≤- X- b- nepw ASnb- pd- ® Rßf- psS sFU‚n‰v Db¿Øn-∏n-Sn®v {]h¿Øn-°p-∂-Xp-sIm≠pw P\\-߃ AXw-Ko-I-cn-®-Xp-sIm-≠p-amWv 163 e£w bph-Xo-bp-hm-°ƒ CXn¬ AwK-ß-fm-bn-´p-≈Xv F∂p-am{Xw ]d-b-s´. kn B¿ \\oe-I-WvTs‚ cmjv{Sob sFU‚n‰n F¥mWv? CSX- p]- £ klb- m{- XnI- \\- mbn XpS- ßp-Ibpw ]n∂o-sS-t∏mtgm AI-∂p-\\n¬°p-Ibpw AXn-\\n-S-bn¬ BtKm-f-h¬°-cWw krjvSn® \\h-km-aqly {]ÿm-\\-ß-fp-sSbpw F≥.Pn.H cmjv{So-b-Øn-s‚bpw h‡mhpw {]tbm-‡m-hp-ambn ]cn- W-an-°p-Ibpw AtX-k-abw Xs∂ FUn-_n-˛-tem-I-_m¶v hncp≤ \\mSy°mc- psS ap≥\\nc- b- n¬ Xn°nØ- nc- °n ÿm\\w ]nSn°- pI- bpw Cu Xnc-°n-s\\-√m-an-S-bnepw Pam-AsØ C…m-an-bpsS bph-P-\\-hn-`m-K- Øns‚ ÿncw _u≤n-I-D-]-tZ-jvSm-hns‚ tPmen kvXpXy¿l-ambn \\n¿hl- n®- ps- Im≠- nc- n°- pI- bpw F≥UnF^- ns‚ ]T\\- I- ymº- n¬ {]`m- j-I-\\mbn ]cn-e-kn-°p-Ibpw G‰-hp-sam-Sp-hn¬ kwL-]-cn-hm-dns‚ I¨kƒ´‚mb Fw Pn Fkns‚ `mjI- qSn hiØ- m°- pI- bpw sNbXv Hcp _lpa- pJ- {- ]X- n`- b- psS cmjv{Sob sFU‚n‰n \\n¿Wb- n°- m\\- p≈ b{¥w BcpsS ssIh-i-ap≠v? tZim`- na- m\\n Zn\\]- {Xw, Pq¨ 2008

137Fw.-_n. cmtPjv aqe-[\\w aXw cm{„obw cmjv{Sob hna¿i-\\-Øns‚ ss]¶n-fn-h¬°-cWw amSmbn, IÆq-cn-ep≈ Hcp {Kma-am-sW-∂-dn-bmw. B\\p-Im-en-I- ß-fnse Ipdn-∏p-I-fn-eqsS Xml-am-Sm-bn-tbbpw Adn-bmw. t]-cn-s\\m- ∏a- p≈ ÿet- ∏c- ne- qsS Xml amSmb- n°- mc- \\- ms- W∂- mb- nc- p∂p Duln- ®nc- p∂- Xv. F∂m¬ am[yaw hmcnI- b- nse (2008 Pq¨ 2) Xmlb- psS Unssh-F-^vsF hna¿i\\w hmbn-®-t∏mƒ Bsfmcp A\\y-{K-l-Po- hnb- ms- W∂v tXm∂nt- ∏mb- n. ImcWw ]{Xß- f- psS C‚¿s\\‰v FUn- j\\- pI- f- ne- qs- Sbpw a‰v B[p\\- nI- h- m¿Ømh- n\\- na- b hnZyI- f- ne- qt- Sbpw `qtKmf- Ø- ne- ms- Ib- p≈ aeb- mf- nI- ƒ UnsshF- ^- s-v Fb- psS {]h¿Ø- \\-߃ Adn-bp-∂p-≠v. Unssh-F-^v-sF-bpsS kao-]-Ime CS-s]-S- ep-Isf A\\p-Iq-en®pw {]Xn-Iq-en®pw temI-Øns‚ hnhn[ `mK-ß- fn¬ \\n∂v R߃°v Zn\\w {]Xn \\nc-h[n ktµ-i-ßfpw {]Xn-I-c- W-ßfpw e`n-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂p. FXn¿°p-∂-h¿t∏mepw tNmZyw- sN-ømØ Unssh-F-^v-sF-bpsS km∂n-[y-sØ-X-s∂-bmWv Xml Xa-kvI-cn-°m≥ {ian-°p-∂-Xv. Xml-bptSXv Ipdn®v Kuc-h-_p-≤n- tbmsS-bp≈ Hcp hna¿i-\\-am-bn-cn-°p-sa∂p IcpXn Gsd {]Xo-£- tbms- Sb- mWv hmbn®- X- .v ]s£ \\ncmi- b- mb- nc- p∂p ^ew. H´pw hkXv p- \\nj- Tv a- √- mØ- , Gdnb ]¶pw ]Xnc- pa- m{Xw _m°nb- mI- p∂ Hcp hmNI Ik¿Øv am{Xw. Bt£] h¿j-Øns‚ coXnbnepw H´pw ]pXp-a bn-√. \\nß-fpsS `qX-Imew F{X al-Øcw? Ct∏m-sgt¥ Cß-s\\- bmh- m≥ Fs∂√- ma- p≈ aSp∏- pf- h- m°- p∂ \\nµmk- vXpX- n. C\\n teJI ≥ HuZm-cy-]q¿∆w AwKo-I-cn-®p-X-cp∂ Unssh-F-^v-sF-bpsS al-

138 aqe-[\\w aXw cm{„obw Fw.-_n. cmtPjv Ømb `qX-Im-esØ {]Xo-I-h¬°-cn-®n-cn-°p∂tXm Hcp Nm\\¬ AhX- mc- I- s‚ am\\d- nk- ß- tfmSpw! Xmlb- psS hna¿ i\\- _- p≤- nb- v°p- ap-ºn¬ aq°Øv hnc¬sh-bv°p-I-b-√msX F¥p-sN-øpw. F¶nepw Nne¿°v Bib- °- pg- ∏- hpw ktµl- ß- fpw D≠mI- m≥ CSb- p≠- v. P\\- Iob {]h¿Ø-\\-Øns‚ {]mtbm-Kn-Im-\\p-`-hØn ¬ \\n∂pw {]Xy-b- im-kv{X-Øns‚ Icp-Øn¬\\n∂pw cmjv{Sob hnZym-`ymkw B¿÷n- °p∂- X- n\\- p]- I- cw hmcnI- I- f- n¬ \\n∂pw Nm\\e- pI- f- n¬ \\n∂pw am{Xw ISw-sIm≠ cmjv{So-b-t_m-[-Øn¬ Ipcp-ßn-t∏m-b-h¿°v. Ah-cn¬ Nnesc Xmlb- psS apXe- I- Æ- o¿ h©nt- ®b°v mw F∂X- ps- Im≠- mWv Cu adp-Ip-dn∏v Fgp-Xp-∂-Xv. Fs¥m-s°-bmWv Xml ]d-bp-∂Xv? tkmfn-Um-cn-‰nbpw bph- tam¿®bpw am{X-amWv C∂v P\\-߃ Adn-bp∂ kwL-S-\\-Iƒ! UnsshF- ^- vsF thsdmcp bqØv eoKv am{Xw!! t]mf≠- nse tkmjy- enÃv hyhÿ- sb A´na- d- n® {]Xnh- nπ- h- Ø- ns‚ kq{X[- mc- \\pw Ata- cn°- b- psS Acpa- b- pa- mb ht- ek- b- psS {]ÿm\\- Ø- ns‚ t]cv BÀmZ- ]q¿∆w kzbw kzoI-cn-®-h-cpsS \"]ptcm-K-a\\' CS-s]-S-ep-Ifpw a‰p-Nn- ec- psS Nm\\¬N¿®mh- nπ- h- ß- fpw Xmlsb l¿tjm∑- mZ- ]- pf- I- nX- \\- m- °p-∂Xv F¥p-sIm-≠m-Wv? hn`n∂ ho£-W-ß-fp-b¿Øn-∏n-Sn-°p- tºmƒØs∂ a[y-Ime a-Xm-fl-I-X-bpsS {]Xy-b-imkv{X ]cn-k-c- ß-fn¬ \\n∂v Du¿÷w tXSp∂ kam-\\X bph-tam¿®-Ifpw tkmfn- Umc- n‰- n°- pa- p≠- t- √m. Ahc- n¬ \\n∂v Bthiw Dƒs°m≈- p∂ Xml sb _m[n® tcmKw Ipd®p k¶o¿Æw Xs∂b- ms- W∂p tXm∂p∂p. teJ-Is‚ Bt£-]-ßsf kw{K-ln-®m¬ GXm-≠n-ß-s\\-bm-bn- cn°- pw, H∂v, apºv Db¿Øn∏- nS- n® \\thm∞- m\\ ]XmI- h- g- nb- n¬ Dt]- £n°- pI- bpw A‘h- ni- zmk- Ø- n\\pw A\\mN- mc- ß- ƒ°pw UnsshF- - ^vsF aqI-km-£n-bmbn \\n¬°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. c≠v, am^n-b- Iƒ hmgp∂ tIcf kaq-l-Øn¬ Unssh-F-^vsF {]Xn-I-c-W-an- √msX ]pX-∏n≥ Nph-´n¬ Be-ky-Øn-e-a¿∂n-cn-°p∂p. F¥mWv hkvXpX? H∂ma- sØ Imcys- aS- p°- pI- . \\thm∞- m\\- a- p{- Zmh- mI- ysØ R߃ h©n®- ps- h∂ Xmlb- psS Zpcmt- cm]- W- Ø- n\\p adp]- S- ns- bg- p- Xm\\- nc- n°- p∂ Fs‚ apºn¬ UnsshF- ^- s-v Fb- sv °X- nc- mb BƒssZ- hß- f- pt- Sbpw k\\ymk- t- hj- °- mc- ps- Sbpw Bt{Imi- h- m¿ØI- f- S- ß- nb ]{X-ß-fn-cn-°p-∂p. BƒssZ-h-ßfpw I≈-k-\\ym-kn-am¿°p-sa-Xn-

139Fw.-_n. cmtPjv aqe-[\\w aXw cm{„obw cmbn tIc-f-Øn-se-∂-t]mse hSt° C¥y-bn¬ t]mbn ]d-bptam F∂ sh√p-hnfn; F¶n¬ hnh-c-a-dn-bp-sa∂ `oj-Wn. Xmlsb lcw- sIm≈- n°- p∂ bpht- am¿®m t\\Xmh- ns‚ BNmc- y≥ cmPt- Km]- me- ns‚ Xm°oX- ˛v UnsshF- ^- sv F Xos°m≈- ns- Im≠v Xes- Nmd- nb- pI- b- ms- W- ∂v. Rßsf FXn¿Øm¬ t]mf≠- n¬ sNbvXX- pt- ]mse \\n߃°v A¥y-Ip-Zmi \\¬Ip-sa∂v Nne ss{IkvXh ]ptcm-ln-X-{]-am-Wn-am- cpsS sImeh- nf- n. adp`- mK- Øv Nne ap…nw h¿Kob hmZnI- f- psS t]m¿hn- fn. C°q´- c- ps- Ss- bm∂pw i{Xp Xml hmgvØp∂ tkmfnU- mc- n‰- nb- √- , At±l- Ø- ns‚ k¿´n^- n°- ‰v In´nb- n´- n√- mØ UnsshF- ^- sv- Fb- mWv Ft∂m¿Ωn°- pI- . hbe- m¿ chnb- psS t]c°- p´- nb- psS tNmdqW- ns‚ t]cn¬ Kpcph- m- bqcn¬ ]pWymlw Xfn®v tIc-fob \\thm-∞m-\\-Øns‚ apJ-Ø-Sn-®- t∏mƒ ]p\\c- p∞- m\\- K- ¿∆n\\pw ]utcml- nXy [m¿jvSyØ- n\\pw ap∂n¬ ]I®p-\\n¬°msX Xo£-W-ambn {]Xn-I-c- n® Unssh-F-^v-Fsb Xml°p ad-°mw. ]t£ At±lw H∂-dn-bpI, ae-bm-fn-I-sf√mw A¬jnt- - agkv v tcmKnI- f- √- . sXm´pa- pº- p≈- s- X√mw ad°- pI- bpw hfsc ]gb- X- pa- m{Xw Hm¿Ωn°- pI- bpw sNøp∂ Xml°v Hcp ]t£ Iptd- °mew IqSn Ign-™m¬ Unssh-F-^vsF \\S-Ønb c≠mw Kpcp-hm- bq¿ kXym{- Klw Hm¿Ωh- c- pa- mb- nc- n°- pw. A∂sØ Uns- shF- ^- sv F sb Bt£-]n-°m≥ Bbp[w tXSp-tºmƒ `qX-Im-e-a-ln-a-bpsS {]XoIw F∂ \\ne-bn¬ AXv A-t±lw ]c-Xn-sb-Sp-°m-Xn-cn-°n-√. UnsshF- ^- sv- Fsb FXn¿°p∂- h- ¿ t]mepw AwKoI- c- - n®- Xpw ]n¥p- W-®-Xp-amWv c≠mw Kpcp-hm-bq¿ kXym-{K-lw. tIc-f-Øns‚ kmaq ly kwhm-Z-Øn¬ Xnc-bn-f-°-߃ krjvSn-°m≥ Ign™ ka-tbm- NnX- hpw Xo£W- h- pa- mb HcnS- s- ]S- ¬. Hmtcmc- pØ- cpw Hcp \\ne]- msS -Sp-°m≥ \\n¿_-‘n-X-ambn F∂-XmWv c≠mw Kp-cp-hm-bq¿ kXym-{K- l-Øns‚ Icp-Øv. {]mIr-Xm-Nm-c-߃ kw_-‘n® \\ne-]m-Sns‚ ASnÿ- m\\- Ø- n¬ tIcf kaql- Ø- n¬ i‡a- mb tNcnX- nc- nh- p≠- mbn. BNm-c-߃ am‰m≥ ]mSn√ F∂v iTn-°p∂ ]n¥n-cn-∏∑m¿ Xpd-∂p- ImW- n°- s- ∏S- pI- bpw H‰s- ∏S- pI- b- pa- p≠- mb- n. A°q´- cpw FwPnF-  - ns\\- t∏me- p≈ ]cnh- m¿ klb- m{- XnI- cpw kh¿Æt- Imb- vab- psS h‡m° fpw UnsshF- ^- vs- Fs- °X- nsc iImc- h- ¿jw sNmcn™- p. F√m- ln- µp°- ƒ°pw t£{X{- ]t- hi- \\w F∂ H∂mw Kpcph- mb- q¿ kXym{- Kl- -

140 aqe-[\\w aXw cm{„obw Fw.-_n. cmtPjv ap{- Zmh- mI- yØ- nt- e°- p≈ tIcf- ob \\thm∞- m\\- Ø- ns‚ hnImk- a- mbn amdn c≠mw Kpcph- mb- q¿ kXym{- Kl- w. Xml°v {]nbs∏´- h- c- n¬ ]e cpw Cu kµ¿`Ø- ns- e√mw H∂pI- n¬ ImgNv °- mc- psS tdmfntem As√- ¶n¬ \\thm∞- m\\- Ø- ns- \\X- nc- mb t]mcntem Bbnc- p∂- p. Bƒ ssZhß- ƒ°pw I]S Bflob- X- °- ps- aX- nc- mbn s\\©pd- t- ∏m- sS s]mc- pX- nh- ∂- Xpw UnsshF- ^- vs- Fb- mb- nc- p∂- p. kt¥mj- vam[- h- - ∑m¿ ]nSn°- s- ∏S- p∂- X- n\\pw Nm\\¬ Iymad- I- ƒ DWc- p∂- X- n\\pw apºp- a- pX- te UnsshF- ^- vsF I≈s- sZh- ß- ƒs°X- nc- mbn {]Nmc- Ww \\S- Øns- °mt- ≠b- nc- p∂- p. AarX- h- ¿jmt- Lmj- ß- ƒ°p ]n∂nse e£y- ߃ Xpd∂- pI- mW- n®- Xpw kp\\ma- nZ- pc- nX- mi- zmk- Ø- n\\p \\¬Inb tImSn- If- psS hep∏- Ø- n\\- pa- pº- n¬ A‘mf- n®- pt- ]mI- msX AXns‚ Ddh- nSw tNmZn-®Xpw Unssh-F-^v-sF-bm-bn-cp-∂p. I≈-k-\\ym-kn-am¿°pw sNdp-InS kn≤-∑m¿°pw hymP-Zn-hy-∑m¿°pw am{X-a√ Pm-Xn-˛-a-X-hn- izm-k-t`-Z-at\\y hf¿∂p I-gn™ tIm¿]-td‰v Bflo-b-X-s°-Xn-cm- bn-´mWv \\nin-X-hn-a¿i-\\-Øns‚ ]oc-¶n-Iƒ D∂w ]nSn-t°-≠-sX∂v ]d-™Xpw a‰m-cp-a-√. AΩ ssZh-ß-tfbpw kphn-tij hyh-km-b- °mt- cbpw X߃a- mt- cb- ps- am∂pw tNmZyw sNøm≥ UnsshF- ^- sv F aSn®- n´- n√- . ]mW°- mt- ´bpw AarX- ]- pc- nb- nt- ebpw `{Zmk- \\- ß- f- nt- ebpw hnip≤- c- psS im]h- N- \\- ß- ƒ°pw t{Im[Ø- n\\pw R߃ ich- ya- mbn Øocp∂- X- n\\pw ImcWw as‰m∂- √- . aZy-Øn\\pw ab-°p-a-cp-∂n\\pw A‘-hn-izmk {]Nm-c-W-Øn\\pw hnhml- Z- q¿Øn\\- ps- a√- ms- aX- nc- mbn Xmlb- psS \\m´ne- S- °w tIcf- Ø- n- eq-S-\\ofw R߃ P\\-Pm-{KXm kZ- p-Iƒ kwL-Sn-∏n-®n´pw hoSp-ho- Sm¥- - cw Ibd- nb- nd- ß- nb- n´pw Gsd \\mfmb- n√- t- √m. Rßsf FXn¿°p- ∂h- c- pƒs∏s- Sb- p≈- h- c- psS A`n\\- µ- \\- hpw ]n¥pW- bpw C°mc- yØ- n¬ e`n-®Xv {it≤-b-am-bn-cp-∂p. Hcp h¿jw apºv IÆq-cnepw Ign-™- bmgvN tImgnt- °mSv Pn√b- nse Hm¿°mt- ´c- nb- ne- pw PmXn, PmXI- , aX, B¿`m-S-c-ln-X-k-aq-l-hn-hm-l-߃ \\S-∂Xpw \\£-{Xm-¶nX ip{`-]- XmI- I- f- m¬ AewI- rX- a- mb thZnb- ne- mb- nc- p∂- p. C\\n am^n-b-Iƒ hmgp-tºmƒ Unssh-F-^vsF Dd-ßp∂p F∂ Bt£-]-sa-Sp-°p-I. am^nbm kwL-߃s°Xncmbn bphm-°sf A-Wn-\\n-cØn {]Xn-tj-[n-®-Xn\\v Izt´-j≥ kwLw I´n-s°m-≠p- t]mbn icocw apgp-h≥ CSn®v NX®v arKo-b-ambn sIm∂p-X-≈-s∏´

141Fw.-_n. cmtPjv aqe-[\\w aXw cm{„obw DZb- wt- ]c- qc- nse hnZym[- c- s‚ {]ÿm\\- s- Ø°- pd- n®- mWv ]db- p∂- s- X- ¶nepw Hm¿°-W-am-bn-cp-∂p. Nph∂ ajn-bn-se-gp-Xnb Hcp t]mÿ sIm≠p-am-{X-a√ tNmc-Nn-¥nb c‡-km-£nXzw sIm≠p-Iq-Sn-bmWv Unssh-F-^vsF am^n-b-Isf sNdp-°p-∂Xv F∂v Xml-sb-t∏m-ep- ≈-h¿ Adn-bp-I. hmK-a-Æn-epw, Ipa-c-I-Øpw, tImh-f-Øp-sa√mw `qam^- nb- I- f- psS Itø‰- sØ sNdpØ bphP- \\- {- ]ÿ- m\\- sØ ]cnN- - b-an-s√t∂m? B¿.Fkv.Fkv, lnµp cmjv{S-Øns‚ sIm®p-]-Xn∏p Xo¿Ø amdmS- pw, lnµp ˛ ap…ow h¿Kob- h- mZ- nI- ƒ sIme°- Ø- nI- ƒ cmIn-an-\\p-°p-Ibpw a\\p-jy-i-co-c-߃ sh´n-ho-gvØp-Ibpw sNbvX Imk¿tKmUpw Xncqc- ne- ps- a√mw aX\\- nc- t- ]£ cmj{v Sob- Ø- ns‚ alm- {]X- nt- cm[w Xo¿Ø Rßsf ]cnN- b- a- n√ At√? Atøm Hcp ]mhw \\n-jvI-f-¶≥! Cu \"\\njvI-f¶' \\v ]t£ bph-tam¿®-tbbpw tkmfn- Umc- n‰- nt- bbpw Adnb- mw. tIm´b- Ø- pw, ]Ø\\- wX- n´- b- nepw Be∏- pg- - bne- ps- ams° ]I¿®∏- \\n ]S¿∂p]- nS- n®- t- ∏mƒ \\qdpI- W- °- n\\v saUn- °¬ Iymºp-Iƒ kwL-Sn-∏n®pw \\n -lm-b-cmb tcmKn-Isf Intem- ao-‰-dp-Iƒ Npa-∂p-sIm-≠p-h∂pw Poh-Im-cpWy {]h¿Ø-\\-Øns‚ DZmØ amXrI krjvSn® sNdp-∏-°m-cpsS kwL-S-\\sb Adn-bn√ At√? ]Wn-°p-t]m-Im-sX, kz¥w ho´n¬ ASp-∏n\\p Xo ]pI-bm- sXbpw I™ns- h°- ms- Xb- pa- nc- n°- pt- ºmgpw Bip]- {Xn ap‰Øv \\n - lm-b-cmb tcmKn-Iƒ°v I™n-sh®v sImSp-Øn-cp∂ \\nc-h[n bph- kJ- m°- f- psS {]Imiw \\nd™ apJhpw Hm¿°p∂- n√- t∂m? kp\\man XI¿sØd- n™ a\\pj- y¿°mbn PmXna- X- t- `Z- a- n√- msX Icp\\- mK- ∏- ≈- n- bnepw Bdm-´p-]p-g-bnepw amk-ß-fmbn \\S-Ønb Zpcn-Xm-izm-k-Iym- ºp-I-fpsS ]n∂nse hnb¿∏pw A≤zm-\\hpw Bcp-tS-Xm-sW∂v Xnc- °nb- n´- pt≠m? _pjn\\v C¥yb- n¬ Nph∂ ]ch- X- m\\- nh- nc- ® kzoIc- Ww \\¬In- b-t∏mgpw A^vKm-\\n-ÿm-\\n-t\\bpw Cdm-Jn-t\\bpw t_mw_n´p XI¿Ø-t∏mgpw e_-\\Wpw ]me-kvXo\\pw B{I-an-°-s∏-´-t∏mgpw k±m-ans\\ Xq°n-te-‰n-b-t∏mgpw Kp-P-dm-Øn¬ ]nd-°m-\\n-cn-°p∂ Ip™p-t∏mepw NnX-bn-se-dn-b-s∏-´-t∏mgpw tIc-fX-Øns‚ sXcp-hp- I-fn¬ B™-Sn® tcmj-s°m-Sp-¶m‰pw AXn-\\p-ap-I-fnse sh≈-]m- Xm-Ibpw I≠n-s√t∂m? A√tbm kplr-sØ, X\\n°v Np‰pw \\S-∂- sXm∂pw ImWmsX Nmcp-I-tk-c-bn¬ Nm™n-cp∂v dnbm-en‰n tjm

142 aqe-[\\w aXw cm{„obw Fw.-_n. cmtPjv I≠v ckn-®Xv bYm¿∞-Øn¬ Bcm-bn-cp∂p? kPo-h-amb CS-s]-S- ep-Isf ImWmsX cmjv{Sob ap≥hn-[n-I-fpsS Icn-º-S-Øn\\v Xmsg B‘yw _m[n®v Npcp-≠p-IqSn InS-°p-∂Xpw BcmWv? C\\nbpw Xm¶ƒ°v a\\- n-em-bn-s√-¶n¬ Fgp-t∂-‰p-t]mbn IÆm-Sn-t\\m-°p. AXv IpØns- ∏´- nb- v°mX- nc- n°- Ww F∂pa- m{Xw At]£- . A-h-km-\\n-∏n°pw apºv H∂p-IqSn tN¿°-s´. R߃ \\S-Øp∂ _lp-ap-J-amb CS-s]-S-ep-I-fpsS Hcwiw Nm\\-ep-I-fnepw am[y-a-ß- fnepw {]Xn^- e- n°- p∂- p≠- v. I≠ns- √∂- p\\- S- n°- m\\- mh- mØ- Xp sIm≠p- am{Xw Ah¿ Rßt- fbpw ]cnK- W- n°- p∂- ps- ≠∂- X- mWv icn. ]s£ Xml Unssh-F-^v-sFsb At\\z-jn®v Nm\\-ep-I-fn¬am{Xw IÆpw- \\´v Ccnb- °v mX- nc- n°- pI- . Nm\\¬Iyma- d- I- ƒ°v IS∂- ps- N√- m\\- mh- mØ tIc-fo-b-Po-hn-X-Øns‚ kq£va-a-WvU-e-ß-fn-tem-tcm-∂nepw {]Im- in®- ps- Im≠- nc- n°- p∂ {]ÿm\\- a- mW- nX- v. Nm\\¬Zri- yß- ƒ°pw N¿®- Iƒ°pa- ∏- pd- w PohnX- hpw cmjv{Sob- hpw Ds≠∂v C\\ns- b¶- nepw Adn- bpI- . C{Xbpw ]d™- X- n\\- ¿∞w R߃ hna¿i\\- mX- oX- c- mWv F∂- √. sX‰p-]-‰m-Ø-h¿ F∂v Al-¶-cn-°p-∂pan-√. hna¿i-\\-ßsf R߃ Xpd∂- a- \\- t-  msS kzmKXw sNøp∂- p. Igº- n√- mØ ss]¶nfn hna¿i-\\-ß-f√; Xncn-™p-t\\m-°m\\pw Xncp-Øm\\pw \\ho-I-cn-°m-\\p- sa√mw t{]cI- a- mI- p∂- h- . am-≤yaw hmcn-I, 2008 Pq¨

143Fw.-_n. cmtPjv aqe-[\\w aXw cm{„obw Hcp ap≥ \\Ivk-sse-‰ns‚ {]Xy-b-imkv{X hn{`m-¥n-Iƒ IpcpS∑- m¿ B\\sb I≠Xpw Hmtcmc- pØ- cpw kz¥w at\\m[- ¿Ω- a-\\p-k-cn®v B\\sb hymJym-\\n-®Xpw kp]-cn-Nn-X-amb Hcp ]g-¶-Y- bm-Wv. \\ΩpsS am[ya ˛_u-≤nI Ipcp-S-∑m¿ AXyp-’m-l-]q¿∆w tkmjy-en-k-sØ-°p-dn®v kwh-Zn-°p-∂Xpw hymJym-\\n-°p-∂Xpw ImWp-tºmƒ B ]g-¶Y ho≠pw Hm¿Ω-h-cp-∂p. B\\sb I≠ Ipcp-S-∑m¿°v ]Icw tkmjy-en-ksØ I≠ Ipcp-S-∑m¿ Fs∂mcp ]mTt- `Z- hpw IY°v \\¬Ims- a∂- mb- nc- n°p∂- p. tkmjy-en-k-sØ-°p-dn®pw AXv km£m-XvI-cn-°p-∂-Xn-\\p≈ imk{v Xob Z¿i\\- a- mb am¿Ikv nks- Ø°- pd- n®- pa- p≈ A⁄X- b- mWv apJy[- mcm am[- ya- ß- f- nse cm{„ob hniI- e\\ß- f- psS {]IS- a- mb _e- lo-\\-X. \"kaq¿Ø kml-N-cy-ß-fpsS kaq¿Ø hni-I-e\\w' F∂ am¿IvknÃv coXnb- psS kØ ssItamiw h∂ bm{¥nI- hpw hc´- pX- - Xz-hm-Z-]-c-hp-amb kao-]-\\-ßfpw [mcm-fw. tIh-e-amb A⁄- Xbv°pw kao-]\\ sshI-ey-߃°p-a-∏pdw am¿IvknÃv hntcm-[- Øn¬\\n∂v krjvSn-°-s∏´ t_m[-]q¿∆-amb {]Nm-c-W-ß-fp-ap-≠v. Adn™pw Adn-bm-sXbpw \\S-Øp∂ Cu B{I-a-W-߃ CS-Øp- \\n∂pw heØ- p\\- n∂pw Hcpt- ]mse hcp∂- p≠- v. F√m B{Ia- W- ß- f- p- sSbpw GI e£yw kn]nsF Fw am{X-hpw. \"tkmjy-enkw Dt]- £n®v' kn]nsF FΩn\\v FXn-cmb F√m hna¿i-\\-ßfpw \\n¿h-ln- °p∂ ZuXy-am-Is´ apX-em-fnØw A{]-Xn-tcm-[y-amWv F∂ {]Xo- Xnb- psS \\n¿anX- nb- pw.

144 aqe-[\\w aXw cm{„obw Fw.-_n. cmtPjv Xo{h CS-Xp-]-£w apX¬ Xo{h he-Xp-]-£w-h-sc-bp-≈-h¿ kn ]n sF FΩn\\- pt- a¬ Nm¿Øp∂ Ip‰ß- f- psS kmcmwiw sI. thWp amXr-`qan BgvN-∏-Xn-∏n-se-gp-Xnb (]p-kvXIw 85 e°w 47˛ kn ]n Fw t\\cn-Sp∂ {]Xy-b-im-kv{X-°p-cp-°v) teJ-\\-Øn-ep-≠v. apX-em-fn-Ø-Øns‚ ]¶v tPymXn-_-kp-hns‚ {]kvXm-h-\\-bm-Wt√m thWp-hns‚ teJ-\\- Øn\\pw Ct∏mg- sØ tImeml- e- ß- ƒ°pa- msI B[mc- a- mb- n´- p≈- X- v.. apX-em-fn-Ø-Øn\\v AXns‚ kz¥w ]¶v \\n¿∆-ln-°m\\p≠v F∂pw tkmjy-enkw ASn-b-¥c e£y-a√ F∂p-amWv _kp ]d-™n-´p- ≈X- v. CXn¬ ]pXnb- X- mb- n´v H∂pa- n√- . tPymXn_- k- phpw _p≤t- Zhv `´m-Nm-cybpw \"B¿Øn-tbm-Sp-IqSn apX-em-fn-ØsØ Bt«-jn-°p-I- bmWv' F∂pw \"30 h¿jsØ XpS¿®bmb `c- W- Ø- n\\- pt- ij- a- p≠- mb Xncn®d- nh- pIfmWnX- v.' F∂pw thWp Is≠Ø- p∂- p≠- v. Ia- yqW- nÃv am\\n-s^tÃm hmbn-®n-´n-√mØ Bfm-bn-cn-°n-√t√m thWp. apX-em- - fn-Ø-Øns‚ ]¶n-s\\-°p-dn®v tPymXn-_kp ]d-™-Xn-t\\-°mƒ F{Xtbm apºv ]d-™n-´p≠v am\\n-s^-tÃm-bn¬. \"\"Ncn-{X-]-c-ambn t\\m°pt- ºmƒ _q¿jzmkn G‰hpw hnπh- I- c- a- mb Hcp ]¶p hln®- n- ´p-≠v.'' F∂v am\\n-s^-tÃm-bn¬ am¿Ivkpw FwK¬kpw Nq≠n-°m- Wn-°p-∂p. (3 t]Pv 42, Iayq-WnÃv am\\n-s^-tÃm, t{]m{Kkv ]ªntjgvkv tamkvtIm 1975). am\\n-s^tÃm XpS¿∂pw ]d-bp-∂Xv t\\m°p-I.˛ \"a\\p-jys‚ {]h¿Ø-\\-߃°v Fs¥√mw t\\Sm-\\m-Ip- sa∂v BZya- mbn ImWn®- Xv _q¿jzmk- nb- mWv'' (t]Pv 43). \"\"IjvSn®v Hcp \\q‰m≠- pI- me- sØ hmgNv b- °v nS- b- n¬ _q¿jzmkn krjSv n®- n´- p≈ D¬]m-Z-\\-i-‡n-Iƒ, Ign-™p-t]mb F√m Xe-ap-d-Ifpw tN¿∂v krjSv n®- n´- p≈- X- nt- \\°- mƒ F{Xtbm hºn®- X- mW- ,v `oaa- mW- .v .. \"\"kmaq- lym[- zm\\- Ø- ns‚ aSnØ- ´- n¬ CØcw D¬∏mZ- \\- i- ‡- nI- ƒ Ddß- n°- n- S-°p-∂p-s≠∂v aptº-sXmcp \\q‰m-≠mWv kz]v\\w ImWp-I-t]mepw sNbvXn-´p-≈Xv?'' (t]Pv 47). Cu \\nco-£-W-߃°v A¿∞w am¿Ivkpw FwK¬kpw \"B¿Ønt- bmS- pI- qSn apXe- mf- nØ- sØ Bt«- jn-°p-∂p.' F∂mtWm? am¿Ivkpw FwK¬kpw sNbvXXv apX-em-fn- Ø-sa∂ bmYm¿∞y-sØbpw AXv \\n¿h-ln® hnπ-h-I-c-amb ]¶n- s\\bpw hkvXp\\- nj- vTa- mbn hneb- nc- pØ- pI am{Xa- mW- v. AXns‚ Htc-

145Fw.-_n. cmtPjv aqe-[\\w aXw cm{„obw sbmcp e£yw apX-em-fn-ØsØ am‰n-Øo¿°pI F∂Xv am{X-am-bn- cp∂- p. B e£yw ap≥\\n¿Øn \\neh- ne- p≈ temI bmYm¿∞yß- sf hni-I-e\\w sNøp-Ibpw AXp-ambn ka-c-Øn-te¿s∏-Sp-I-bp-amWv Ah¿ sNbvX-Xv. AXns‚ D¬∏-∂-amWv Iayq-WnÃv am\\n-s^- tÃmbpw am¿IvknÃv Z¿i\\- a- ms- Ib- pw. tPymXn-_kphpw _p≤-tZhv `´m-Nm-cybpw am{X-a-√, C¥y-bnepw temIØ- ms- Ib- pa- p≈ IayqW- nÃ- pI- mcpw sNbvXps- Im≠- nc- n°- p∂- Xpw CXp-X-s∂-bm-Wv. \\ne-hn-ep≈ temI bmYm¿∞y-ß-fn¬ CS-s]´v {]Xn-I-cn-°p-∂-Xn-eqsS hnπ-h-I-c-amb kmaq-ln-I-am-‰-Øn\\v Bh-iy- amb `uXnI- i- ‡- nI- sf kaml- c- n°- pI F∂ ISa- b- mWv Ah¿ \\n¿∆- ln®p sIm≠nc- n°- p∂- X- v. CS-s]-S-en-s‚bpw G‰p-ap-´-en-s‚bpw coXn-I-fm-hs´ \"H∂p-In¬ Bims‚ s\\©Øv As√¶- n¬ Ifc- n°v ]pdØv' F∂ a´n¬ efnX- - a-√, adn®v sshhn-[y-am¿∂Xpw k¶o¿Whpw kq£va-h- p-am-Wv. \\ne- hne- p≈ bmYm¿∞ysØ am‰nØ- o¿°m\\- p≈ kac- Ø- n¬ G¿s∏S- p∂ hnπh- I- mc- nI- ƒ°v AsX¥- ms- W∂ hy‡X D≠mb- nc- n°- W- w. Xß- fpsS Bfl-\\njvT \\ne-]m-Sns\\ \\ne-hn-ep≈ bmYm¿∞y-ambn sX‰n- ≤-cn°p∂Xv hnπ-h-Im-cn-Iƒ°v ]‰m-hp∂ G‰hpw B]¬°-c-amb sX‰m-sW∂v ]d-™Xv se\\n-\\m-Wv. Iayq-Wn-Ãp-Im¿ apX-em-fn- ØsØ AwKo-I-cn-°p-∂n√ F∂-Xp-sIm-≠p-am{Xw B bmYm¿∞ysØ \\ncmI- c- n°- m\\- mh- n√ F∂pI- qS- nb- mWv tPymXn_- k- p- hns‚ {]kvXmh- \\- b- psS A¿∞w. _wKmfn¬ _p≤-tZhpw tPymXn-_-kphpw IqSn apX-em-fnØw hf¿Øp-∂p F∂ ]pXnb Btcm-]-W-hp-ap-≠v. 1957¬ I-ayq-WnÃv ]m¿´n A[nI- mc- Ø- n¬ h∂t- ∏mƒ k. C Fw Fkv ]d™- Xv Ct∏mƒ Hm¿Ωn-°p-∂Xv \\∂m-bn-cn-°pw. \"\"Rm≥ izkn-°p-∂-Xp-t]mepw Iayq- WnÃv kapZ- mbw ÿm]n°- m\\- mb- nc- n°- pw. F∂m¬ Fs‚ Kh¨sa‚ v \\S∏- m°- pI IayqW- nk- a- √- .'' F∂mWv At±lw hy‡a- m°- nb- X- .v At±- l-Øns‚ t\\Xr-Xz-Øn-ep≈ Kh¨sa‚ns‚ `q]-cn-jvI-c-W-apƒs∏- sSb- p≈ \\S]- S- nI- s- fm∂pw tkmjye- nÃv ]cnh- ¿Ø\\w e£yw sh®p- ≈X- mb- nc- p∂- n√- . apXe- mf- nØ ]cnj- vImc- ß- ƒ am{Xa- mb- nc- p∂p F∂p \\ap°- d- nb- mw. tIcf- Ø- ns- ebpw _wKmf- ns- ebpw {Xn]pc- b- ps- ebpw kn ]n sF Fw t\\XrX- zØ- ne- p≈ Kh¨sa‚pI- s- fm∂pw tkmjye- nkw

146 aqe-[\\w aXw cm{„obw Fw.-_n. cmtPjv sI´n-∏-Sp-°p-I-b-√. C∂sØ _q¿jzm-˛-`q-{]-`p-hy-h-ÿ-bv°-IØv AXv km[y-am-sW∂ hymtamlw kn ]n sF FΩn\\v C√-Xm-\\pw. apX-em-fnØ D¬∏m-Z-I-i-‡n-Isf hf¿ØpI F∂-XmWv tIc-f- Ønepw _wKm-fnepw {Xn]p-c-bnepw sNøp-∂-Xv. AXm-Is´ h¿§-k- acsØ aq¿—n∏- n°- p∂- X- n\\pw apXe- mf- nØ- sØ Xs∂ am‰nØ- o¿°p- ∂X- n\\- p≈ `uXnI- i- ‡- nI- sf cq]s- ∏S- pØ- p∂- X- n\\- pa- p≈ hnhn[ am¿§- ß-fn¬ H∂m-Wv. apX-em-fnØ hyh-ÿ-bv°-I-Øv, kwÿm-\\-ß- fnse ]cn-an-X-amb A[n-Imcw ssIbm-fp∂ kn ]n sF Fw Kh¨sa‚pI- ƒ apXe- mf- nØ- sØ Bt«j- n°- p∂- p F∂v Bt£]- n- °p∂- h- ¿ hnπh- m\\- ¥- c djyb- n¬ se\\n≥ \\S∏- m°- nb ]pXnb kmº- ØnI\\b-sØ-°p-dn®v a\\- n-em-t°-≠-Xm-Wv. HIvtSm-_¿ hnπ-h- Øns‚ \\memw hm¿jnI- t- hf- b- n¬ \\SØ- nb {]kwK- Ø- n¬ se\\n≥ ]db- p∂- p, \"D¬∏mZ- \\- i- ‡- nI- sf h¿≤n∏- n°- p∂- X- n\\- p≈ Hcp coXnbpw am¿§hpw D]m-[nbpw F∂ \\ne-bn¬ apX-em-fn-ØsØ (hn-ti-jn®v tÉv apX-em-fn-Ø-Øns‚ am¿K-ß-fn-eqsS Xncn-®p-hn-´p-sIm-≠v) \\mw D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-tØ-≠n-bn-cn-°p-∂p. (se-\\n≥ kam-lrX IrXn-Iƒ, thmfyw 32, t]Pv 350). At±lw XpS¿∂p ]d-bp∂p: \"sNdp-InS Im¿jnI kº-ZvL-S\\ \\ne-hn-ep≈ Cu cmPy-Øn\\v tkmjy-en-k- Øn¬ FØp-∂-Xn\\v tÉv apX-em-fnØw aptJ\\ Dd-∏p≈ IS-Øp- ]mX \\n¿Ωn-°p-∂-Xn\\v hy‡n-]-c-amb Xmev]-cy-Øn-s‚bpw sshb- ‡n-I-amb t{]m’m-l-\\-Øn-s‚bpw hym]m-c-X-Xz-ß-fp-sSbpw ASn- ÿm\\Øn¬ {]h¿Øn°- ms- \\mc- pß- pI- b- mWv \\mw BZyw sNtø≠- - Xv.' (-se-\\n≥, kam-lrX IrXn-Iƒ, thmfyw 33, t]Pv 58). Cu \\S- ]- S- nI- ƒ apXe- mf- nØw ]p\\xÿ- m]- \\- a- mI- nt√ F∂ tNmZy- Øn\\v Hcp ]cn-[n-hsc apX-em-fn-Ø-sØ ]p\\x-kr-jvSn-°p-I-bmWv sNøp∂- s- X∂v At±lw adp]- Sn ]db- p∂- p. hntZi _q¿jzmk- n°pw hntZi aqe-[-\\-Øn\\pw Cf-hp-Iƒ A\\p-h-Zn-°-W-sa∂v ]d-bp∂ se\\n≥, Cu Imcy-߃ sNøp-∂Xv sXmgn-emfn h¿K-Øns‚ t\\´- Øn\\pw _q¿jzm-kn-s°-Xnsc t]mcm-Sp-∂-Xn-\\p-amWv F∂v hni-Zo-I- cn-°p-∂p. AXm-b-Xv, apX-em-fn-Ø-Øns‚ am¿K-ßsf sXmgn-emfn h¿K `c-W-Iq-S-Øns‚ t\\Xr-Xz-Øn¬ hnπ-h-e-£y-߃°mbn D]- tbmK- n°- pI- b- mWv se\\n≥ sNøp∂- X- v. hyXyk- vXa- ms- bmcp kmlN- - cy-Øn¬, _q¿jz-˛-`q-{]`p hyh-ÿ-°-IØv apX-em-fn-Ø-Øns‚

147Fw.-_n. cmtPjv aqe-[\\w aXw cm{„obw bmYm¿∞yß- f- n¬ CSs- ]S- pI- b- mWv _wKmf- nepw tIcf- Ø- nepw a‰pw IayqW- nÃ- pI- m¿ ÿnXn sNøp∂- X- v. tIcf- Ø- nse kvam¿´v kn‰nbpw _wKm-fnse Sm‰-bpsS Im¿ \\n¿amW ]≤-Xn-bp-sa√mw Cu kml-N- cy-Øn-emWv hne-bn-cp-tØ-≠-Xv. Cu CS-s]-S-ep-Iƒ apX-em-fn-Ø- Øn\\- I- Øv km[ya- mb _Ze- pI- ƒ Bhnj- vIc- n®- ps- Im≠- mWv \\SØ- p- ∂X- v. hnπh- I- c- a- mb {]h¿Ø\\w AXn\\- p]- pd- sØ Hcp k¶¬]t- em- IsØ ssk≤m-¥nI hymbm-a-a√ Iayq-Wn-kv‰p-Imsc kw_-‘n®v F∂¿Yw. bYm¿∞ {]iv\\-ßsf {]mtbm-Kn-I-ambn ssIImcyw sNøp∂ \\nc¥- c {]h¿Ø\\- a- mW- nX- v. tkmjy¬ sUtam-{Ikn kn ]n sF Fw Hcp tkmjy¬ sUtam{- Im‰- nIv ]m¿´nb- mbn cq]m- ¥c- s- ∏´- ps- h∂v a‰p Nne Xo{h CSX- p]- £- °- m¿ D∂b- n°- - p∂ Btcm- ]Ww thWphpw Bh¿Øn-°p-∂p-≠v. Cu Btcm-]- Ww ÿm]n-s®- Sp-°m-\\p≈ At±-l-Øns‚ hrYm-hym-bmaw apgp-h≥ XnI™ Ak- XyØ- ns- ‚bpw sX‰mb hmZK- X- nb- ps- Sbpw ]n≥_e- Ø- ne- mW- .v 2000- ˛mam- ≠n¬ Xncp-h-\\-¥-]p-cØv tN¿∂ {]tXyI ktΩ-f-\\-Øn¬sh®v Imtem-Nn-X-am-°nb ]m¿´n ]cn-]m-Sn-sb-°p-dn-®mWv thWp XnI™ AkXyw {]N-cn-∏n-®- n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. ]m¿e-sa‚dn k{º-Zm-b-Øn-eqsS P\\I- ob P\\m[- n]- X- yh- nπ- h- Ø- ns‚ ]cn]- mSn \\S∏- ne- m°- m\\- mIpw F∂ \\ne-]mSv t`Z-K-Xn-bn-eqsS sIm≠p-h∂p F∂v thWp ]d-bp-∂Xv AkX- ya- √- msX as‰m∂- pa- √- . Cu Imcyw Ipsd°- me- a- mbn At±lw \\nc¥- c- a- mbn Bh¿Øn°- p∂- X- ps- Im≠v A⁄X sIm≠mI- m≥ hgn- bn-√. t_m[-]q¿∆w Xs∂-bm-Wv. ]m¿e-sa‚n¬ `c-W- -L-S\\m t`Z-K- Xn-°m-h-iy-amb `qcn-]£w t\\Sn-s°m≠v \\nb-a-\\n¿Ωm-W-Øn-eqsS P\\-Iob P\\m-[n-]Xy hnπh ]cn-]mSn \\S-∏n-em°mw F∂v ]cn-]mSn hmbn®- n´- p≈h¿°m¿°pw ImWm≥ Ignb- mØ Imcyw thWp am{Xw Is≠Ø- p∂- p. B A¤pXw \\n¿hl- n®t- ijw apXe- mf- nØ- Ø- ns‚ `c-W-IqS kwhn-[m-\\-ß-sf√mw \\ne-\\n¿Øns°m≠v Hcp hnπ-h-]-cn- ]m-Snbpw \\S-∏n-em-°m≥ km[y-a√ F∂v At±lw ]m¿´nsb D]-tZ- in-°p-∂p-ap≠v! thWp-hns‚ Bkq-{Xn-X-amb Ak-Xy-{]-Nm-c-W- Øns‚ F√m ap\\bpw XI¿Øp-I-f-bp-∂-XmWv kn ]n sF Fw ]cn- ]m-Sn-bnse JfinI 6,2. ]m¿´n-bpsS ASn-b-¥c e£ysØ AXn-

148 aqe-[\\w aXw cm{„obw Fw.-_n. cmtPjv ßs\\ \\n¿hN- n°- p∂- p. \"\"Dd® sXmgn-emfn ˛ I¿jI kJy-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm-\\-Øn¬, sXmgn-em-fn-h¿§ t\\Xr-Xz-Øn¬, F√m A ¬ ^yq-U¬ hncp-≤, IpØ-I-hn-cp-≤, km{am-PyXz hncp≤ i‡n-Isfbpw Iq´n-tbm-Pn-∏n- ®ps- Im≠- p≈ kJyØ- ns‚ ASnÿ- m\\- Ø- n¬, P\\I- ob P\\m[- n]- Xyw ÿm]n-°p-I. C∂sØ _q¿jzm ˛`q-{]`p `c-W-Iq-SsØ XqsØ- dn™v P\\I- ob P\\m[- n]- X- y`- c- W- I- qSw ÿm]n°- pI F∂X- mWv CXn- \\p≈ {]Y-ahpw {][m-\\-hp-amb ap∂p-]m-[n. C¥y≥ hnπ-h-Øns‚ ]q¿Øo-I-cn-°-s∏-SmØ P\\m-[n-]Xy ISa ]q¿-Øo-I-cn-°m\\pw tkmjye- nk- Ø- ns‚ ]mXb- ne- qsS cmPysØ \\bn°- p∂- X- n\\v Ifs- am- cp-°p-∂-Xn\\pw CXp-sIm-≠p-am-{Xta Ign-bq.'' C-Xn-se-hn-sS-bmWv ]m¿e-sa‚dn am¿K-Øn-eqsS P\\-Iob P\\m- [n]- Xyw ÿm]n°- ms- a∂v ]d™- nc- n°- p∂- X!v ]m¿´nb- psS BXy¥- nI e£yw tkmjy-en-k-am-sW∂pw F∂m¬ C¥y≥ hnπ-h-Øns‚ ]q¿Øo-I-cn-°-s∏-SmØ P\\m-[n-]-Xy-I-Sa ]q¿-Øo-I-cn-t°-≠-Xp- sIm≠v hnπ-h-Øns‚ Ct∏m-gsØ L´w P\\-Iob P\\m-[n-]-Xy-Øn- t‚X- ms- W∂pw AXv ÿm]- n°- m≥ \\neh- ne- p≈ _q¿jzm˛- `- q{- ]`p `c- W-Iq-SsØ(K-h¨sa‚n-s\\-b-√)Øs∂ XqsØdn-b-W-sa∂pw hy‡hpw Akµ- nK- ≤v h- pa- mb `mjb- n¬ ]db- p∂- Xv thWph- n\\v am{Xw a\\ - ne- mI- msX hcp∂- Xv F¥ps- Im≠mWv? kn ]n sF Fw tkmjy¬ Utam{- Im‰- nIv ]m¿´nb- mbn F∂v ÿm]n- °m≥ At±lw D∂-bn-°p∂ hnNn-{X-amb Hcp hmZw sXc-s™-Sp- ∏n¬ ]s¶S- p°- p∂p F∂p≈- X- mW- v. _q¿jzm ]m¿e- s- a‚dn k{ºZ- m- b-Øn¬ ]s¶-Sp-°p-∂-h¿ tkmjy¬ Utam-{Im-‰p-I-fmbn ]cn-W-an- °p-sa∂v ÿm]n-°m≥- A-t±lw se\\n-s\\-bmWv Iq´p-]n-Sn-°p-∂-Xv. At±l-Øn-\\p≈ adp-]- -Snbpw se\\n≥ Xs∂ \\¬In-bn-´p-≈-XmWv ˛ t\\m°pI: \"\"_q¿jzm ]m¿e-sa‚ns\\bpw AXp-t]m-ep≈ a‰v ]n¥n-cn-∏≥ ÿm]-\\- -ß-sfbpw A-h-km-\\n-∏n-°m≥ \\n߃°v Ign-bm-Xn-cn-°p∂ Imet- Ømfw \\n߃ AXn\\- I- Øv {]h¿Øn°- W- w. AXp sNbvXn- s√-¶n¬ \\n߃ hmbm-Sn-I-fm-bn-Øo-cpw.'' F¥p-sIm≠v IΩyq-Wn-Ãp-Im¿ _q¿jzm ]m¿e-sa‚n¬ ]s¶-

149Fw.-_n. cmtPjv aqe-[\\w aXw cm{„obw Sp°-W-sa∂pw F¥n-\\p-th≠n AXns\\ D]-tbm-Kn-°-W-sa∂pw se\\n≥ hniZ- oI- c- n®- n´- p≠- v. \"\"kz¥w h¿KØ- ns‚ ]n∂W- nb- n¬s∏´- h- sc ]Tn∏- n°- m\\pw Dƒ\\m- ´nse A⁄cpw a¿-±n-X-cp-amb _lp-P-\\-ßsf DW¿Øm\\pw Db¿Øm\\pw th≠n-Øs∂ sXmgn-emfn h¿K-Øns‚ hnπ-h-]m¿Sn ]m¿es- a‚nt- e°- p≈ sXcs- ™S- p∏- n¬ ]s¶S- p°- pI- bpw ]m¿es- a‚n- \\-I-Øp-sh®v s]mcp-Xp-Ibpw sNø-Ww.'' (C-S-Xp-]£ Iayq-Wnkw Hcp _memc- nj- vSX- , se\\n≥ sXcs- ™S- pØ IrXnI- ƒ, thmfyw aq∂v t]Pv 486). _q¿jzm ]m¿e-sa‚dn hyh-ÿ-bn¬ ]s¶-Sp-Ø-h-sc√mw tkmjy¬sU-tam-{Im-‰p-I-fm-bn-Øo-cp-sa∂v CXn-\\¿∞-an-√. sXc- s™S- p∏- pI- f- n¬ ]s¶S- p°- p∂- Xv sXmgne- mf- nh- ¿K hnπh- ]- m¿´n°v hnπ- h]- mX- b- n¬ _lpP- \\- ß- sf AWn\\- nc- Ø- p∂- X- n\\- p≈ Hcp am¿Khpw Ah-k-c-hp-am-Wv. Cuk-ao-]-\\-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm-\\-Øn-emWv djy≥ ]m¿e-sa‚mb Uqa-bn¬ se\\ns‚ t_mƒsj-hnIv ]m¿´n ]s¶-Sp- Øn-´p-≈-Xv. Cu ]¶m-fnØw HIvtSm-_¿ tkmjy-enÃv hnπ-h-Øn\\v hgn sXfn-bn-°m≥ AXym-h-iy-am-bncp-∂p-sh∂pw se\\n≥ hne-bn-cp- Ønb- n´- p≠- .v _q¿jzm ]m¿es- a‚ns\\ \"\"]∂n°- qS'v ' F∂pw \"\"skm≈¬ tI{µw'' F∂pw hna¿in-°p-Ibpw ASn-ÿm-\\-]-c-amb FXn¿∏v ]pe¿ØpI- bpw sNbvXt- ∏mƒ Xs∂b- mWv AXv \\¬Ip∂ km[- yX- - I-sf, Ah F{X-am{Xw ]cn-an-X-am-s- W-¶nepw hnπ-h-I-c-amb D]-tbm- K-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ se\\n\\pw t_mƒsj-hn°pImcpw Xøm-dm-b-Xv. Cu ImgNv ∏- mt- SmS- pI- qS- nØ- s- ∂b- mWv kn]nsF FΩpw ]m¿es- a‚dn hyh- ÿb- n¬ ]¶mf- nb- mI- p∂- X- v. \"\"C-¥y-bnse C∂sØ ]m¿e-sa‚dn hyhÿ, _q¿jzm-kn-bpsS h¿K-`-c-W-Øns‚ Hcp cq]-am-sW-¶n¬Øs∂bpw P\\-ßsf kw_- ‘n®- - nS- t- Ømfw apt∂‰- Ø- n\\- p≈ Hcp am¿Khpw AXpƒs°m≈- p∂- p- ≠v. P\\m-[n-]-Xy-Øn\\pw kmaq-ly-]p-tcm-K-Xn°pw th≠n-bp≈ ka- cß- sf apt∂m´- ps- Im≠- pt- ]mI- p∂- X- n\\- mbn P\\ß- sf AWn\\- nc- Ø- p- ∂-Xn\\pw AXv Nne Ah-k-c-߃ {]Zm\\w sNøp-∂p-≠v. '' (kn.-]n.-sF. Fw. ]cn-]mSn 5.22 t]Pv 35, Nn¥ ]ªn-tj-gvkv) AXm-bXv ]m¿e-sa‚dn hyh-ÿ-sb-°p-dn®v kn ]n sF Fw Hcp

150 aqe-[\\w aXw cm{„obw Fw.-_n. cmtPjv hymtam-lhpw ]p-e¿Øp∂n√ F∂pw _q¿jzm-kn-bpsS h¿§-`-c-W- Øn-s‚ cq]-amWv F∂ bmYm¿∞y-t_m[w Dƒs°m-≈p-∂- p-sh∂pw CXv hy-‡-am-°p-∂p. sXc-s™-Sp-∏n-eqsS hnπ-h-e£yw BXy-¥n- I-ambn \\nd-th-‰m-sa- - ∂- √ sXc-s™-Sp∏pw ]m¿esa‚pw \\nb-a-k-`-bp- sa√mw {]Zm\\w sNøp∂ Ah-k- cw P\\-ßsf AWn-\\n-c-Øm≥ D]- tbmK- n°- ms- a∂- mWv kn.]- n.s- F.F- w. ImgNv- ∏- mS- v. AXps- Im≠- pX- s∂ CXv tkmjy¬ Utam{- Ik- nb- psS ]cn]- mS- nb- √- . ]m¿´n ]cn]- mS- nb- nse ta¬∏d- ™ ImgNv ∏- mS- ns‚ ASnÿ- m\\- Ø- n¬ \\nba- \\- n¿amW- k- `- I- sf ka-c-th-Zn-I-fm-°p-Ibpw ]pdsØ t]mcm-´-ß-fp-ambn Iq´n-bn-W-°p- Ib- mWv kn.]- n.sF.F- w. sNøp∂- X- .v BtKmfh¬°c- W kmºØ- nI \\bß- ƒ, s]mXp taJe- b- psS Hmlc- nh- ne- v]\\- , [\\I- mc- yt- aJ- e- b- n¬ hntZi \\nt£] ]cn[n Db¿Ø¬, BW-h-I-cm¿, h¿Ko-bX XpS- ßnb {]iv\\-ß-fn-se√mw ]pdsØ t]mcm-´-߃ {]Xn-^-en-∏n-°p∂ ka-c-th-Zn-bm°n kn ]n sF Fw Fßs\\ ]m¿e-sa‚dn thZn-Isf D]t- bmK- n®- ps- h∂- Xv \\mw ImWpI- b- p≠- mb- n. kn.]- n.s- F.F- w. Hcp tkmjy¬ tUmtam{- Im‰- nIv ]m¿´nb- mbn F∂v XpS°w apXte ÿm]n-°m≥ hy{K-X -Im-Wn-°p∂ thWp HSp°w CXn\\v hn]c- oX- a- mb Hcp A`n{- ]mb- {- ]I- S- \\- hpw \\SØ- p∂- p. \"\"tkmjy¬ Utam-{Im-‰nIv ]m¿´n-bm-hm≥, kn ]n FΩn\\v kzbw P\\m-[n-]-Xy- h¬°c- n°- m≥ F{Xt- Ømfw Ignb- ps- a∂- Xv ImØnc- p∂p ImtW≠ Imcya- mW- v.'' (t]Pv 55). BZyw tkmjy¬ Utam{- Im‰- nIv ]m¿´nb- mbn Ign-™p-sh∂pw ]n∂oSv AXv ImØn-cp∂p ImWm-sa∂pw ]d-bp∂ sshcp[- yØ- n¬ thWp AIs- ∏S- p∂- Xv kzbw krjvSn® ASnÿ- m\\- - cl- nX- hpw bp‡nl- o\\- h- pa- mb hmZß- f- psS ^ea- mb- mW- v. Xncn-®-Sn-I-fpsS ]mTw kn.-]n.-sF.-Fw. Hcp {]Xy-b-im-kv{X-Ip-cp-°n¬ AI-s∏-´p-sh∂v kz]v\\w ImWp∂ thWp AXns‚ apJy-Im-c-W-ambn Nq≠n-°m-Wn- °p-∂Xv tkmjy-enkw t\\cn´ Xncn-®-Sn-Isf \"[oc-ambn A`n-ap-Jo- Icn'°mØ-Xm-Wv. \"[oc-ambn A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-°pI' F∂-Xp-sIm≠v At±lw A¿∞-am-°p-∂Xv sKm¿_-t®hpw a‰v Nn-ecpw sNbvX-Xp- t]mse tkmjye- nk- s- ØØ- s∂ X≈n∏- d- b- pI- F∂mW- v. Aßs\\ X≈n-∏-d-bp-Ibpw t£a apX-em-fn-Ø-ØneqsS apX-em-fn-Ø-Øns‚