Mooladhanam Matham- Full Book

51Fw.-_n. cmtPjv aqe-[\\w aXw cm{„obw ∂Xv H_ma- b- psS C¥yk- µ- ¿i\\- Ø- ns‚ ^ea- mbn ASpØ Hcp Zi- IØ- n\\- p≈- n¬ Atac- n°- b- n¬ Ggve£w sXmgne- h- k- c- ß- ƒ krjvSn- °-s∏-Sp-sa-∂m-Wv. \\ΩpsS sNe-hn¬ {]Xn-k-‘n-bn¬\\n∂v Ic-I-b- dm≥ At- ac- n°- ≥ IpØI- I- sf klmb- n°- p∂- X- n\\- mWv Cu ktµi- - sa-∂¿∞w. CXp-sIm≠v C¥y-bn-em¿°pw KpW-ap-≠m-hn-s√∂v ]d- ™pI- qS- m. Aw_m\\- na- ms- cbpw hnt{]ms- bbpwt]mep≈ C¥y≥ IpØ- II- ƒ°pw Atac- n°- ≥ aqe[- \\- h- pa- mbn klI- c- n°- p∂- X- ne- qsS em`w sImøm-\\m-hpw. \\h-en-_-d¬ \\b-ß-fn-te-°p≈ Nph-Sp-am-‰-ap-≠mb 1991 \\ptijw ImWp∂ {]{Inb ˛ km{am-PyXz aqe-[-\\-hp-ambn tN¿∂v C¥y-bnse h≥InS aqe-[\\ i‡n-Iƒ hf-cp∂ {]{Inb ˛ IqSpX- ¬ i‡ns∏S- pw. AXn\\v hne sImSpt- °≠- nh- c- nI C¥yb- nse Irjn°- mcpw sNdpI- nS I®h- S- °- mcpw km[mc- W- °- mc- pa- S- ß- p∂ _lp- `qc- n]- £- a- mb- nc- n°- ps- a∂- pa- m{- Xw. H_ma- b- psS kµ¿i\\- t- hf- b- n¬ ]pd- Øp-h∂ bp F≥ Un- ]n-bpsS am\\h hnI-k\\ dnt∏m¿´n¬ a\\p-jy- hnI- k- \\ kqNnI- b- n¬ hfsc ]n∂n¬ temIsØ 119˛- mw ÿm\\a- mWv C¥yb- pt- Ss- X∂v ]db- p∂- p. km[mc- W- °- mc- s‚ PohnX- Ø- I- ¿®b- psS Cu ÿnXn IqSpX- ¬ aq¿On∏- n°- m≥ am{Xta H_ma- b- psS kµ¿i\\w D]I- c- n°- q. Km‘nP- nbpw SmtKmdpw hnthI- m\\- µ- \\pw Awt_Z- vId- ps- a√mw ]cm- a¿in-°s∏´ ]m¿e-sa‚ v {]kw-K-Øn-eqsS H_ma bYm¿∞-Øn¬ A`n-kw-t_m-[\\ sNøm≥ {ian-®Xv \\h-en-_-d¬ \\b-ß-fpsS KpW- t`m‡- m°- f- mb C¥y≥ a[yh- ¿Ks- Øb- mW- .v C¥y hf¿∂pI- g- n™ Hcp BtKmfi‡nb- ms- W∂pw a‰pa- p≈ {]iwk- I- ƒ Ahsc tImcn- Øc- n∏- n°- m\\- p≈- X- mb- nc- q∂- p. s\\lvdph- ns\\ Xs‚ {]kwK- Ø- n¬ ]cm- a¿in-°m-Xn-cp-∂-t∏mƒ Xs∂ ssek≥kv Izm´ k{º-Zm-b-Ø- n¬\\n- ∂p≈ hyXnN- e- \\- sØ Hm¿Ωn∏- n®- X- ne- qsS s\\lvdph- nb- ≥ \\bß- sf X≈n-∏-d-bpI IqSn-bmWv H_ma sNbvX-Xv. {]iw-km-h-N-\\-ß-fpsS a[p-c-Øn¬ Hfn-∏n-®p-sh® CXp-t]m-ep≈ Ht´sd Iq¿Ø ap≈p-Iƒ ASß- nb ]m¿es- a‚ v {]kwKw H_ma- b- psS BKa- t- \\mt- ±i- yØ- ns‚ cmjv{Sobw IrXy-ambn {]Xn-^-en-∏n-°p-∂-Xm-Wv. B cmjv{So-b-sØ- bmWv CSX- p]- £w hn´ph- og- vNb- n√- msX FXn¿°- p∂- X- v. IemI- ua- pZn hmcnI 2010 \\hw_- ¿

52 aqe-[\\w aXw cm{„obw Fw.-_n. cmtPjv Agn-a-Xn-bpsS A¿∞-imkv{Xw Cw•≠nse {]kn≤amb Cu k¿∆Iemimebn¬ {]`mjWw \\SØm≥ Fs∂ £Wn®Xn\\v Rm≥ BZyambn \\µn tcJ s∏SpØs´. CXv Hcp henb _lpaXnbpw AwKoImchpambn Rm≥ IW°m°p∂p. ChnsS Fs‚ {]`mjW hnjbw AgnaXnbmW.v Fs‚ cmPyØ,v C¥ybn¬, C∂sØ tZiob kwhmZØns‚ tI{µ _nµp Agn aXnbmWv. ]m¿esa‚pw, A®Sn˛Zriyam[yaßfpw tkmjy¬ s\\‰v h¿°nßv ssk‰pIfpsa∂p th≠ cmPyØns‚ ap°nepw aqebn epsa√mw G‰hpw NqtSdnb N¿®m hnjbw CXpXs∂. C¥ybn¬, Im_n\\‰v a{¥namcpw h≥InS tIm¿∏td‰pIfpw Dƒs∏´ AgnaXn Btcm]W ]cºcIƒ Xs∂ Db¿∂p hcp∂Xv h≥tXmXnep≈ _lpP\\tcmjw Dfhm°nbn´p≠v. temI]v m¬ _n¬ F∂ t]cn¬ Hcp \\nba \\n¿ΩmWØn\\v \\S]Sn kzoIcn°m≥ CXv k¿°mcns\\ \\n¿_‘nXam°nbn´p≠v. A£cm¿XvYØn¬ FSpØm¬ temIv]m¬ F∂Xv Hcp Hmw_p Ukv av m≥ BW.v F∂m¬ C¥ybn¬, D∂Xÿm\\ßfnse AgnaXn XSbm\\p≈ Hcp Imhemfmbn´mWv temI]v m¬ IW°m°s∏Sp∂X.v Cu _n¬ hcp∂ ]m¿esa‚ v ktΩf\\Øn¬ N¿® sNøs∏Spsa∂p Xs∂bmWv {]Xo£n°p∂Xv. F∂m¬ Hcp AgnaXn hncp≤ kwhn[m\\w sIm≠p am{Xw AgnaXn XSbm\\mhn√. AgnaXnsb sNdp°Wsa¶n¬ {]iv\\w kw_‘n® icnbmb [mcW \\ap°v D≠mhWw.

53Fw.-_n. cmtPjv aqe-[\\w aXw cm{„obw apXemfnØhpw AgnaXnbpw AgnaXn Hcp ]pXnb {]Xn`mktam C¥y t]mep≈ aq∂mw temI cmPyßfn¬ am{Xw HXpßn\\n¬°p∂tXm A√. Atacn°bpw Cw• ≠pw t]mep≈ hnIknX apXemfnØ cmPyßfpw AgnaXn sshd kns‚ AWp_m[bn¬ \\n∂v ap‡a√. apXemfnØ hyhÿbn¬ BgØn¬ thcq∂nb Hcp km¿∆euInI {]Xn`mkamWv AgnaXn. apXemfnØ kºZv hyhÿbpsS {]h¿Ø\\Øn¬ \\n∂pw kz`mhØn¬ \\n∂pw thdn´v CXns\\ a\\ nem°mt\\m hniIe\\w sNømt\\m hniZoIcn°mt\\m Ignbn√. aqe[\\Øns‚ H∂mw hmeyØnse ap∏Ønsbm∂mw A[ymb Øn¬ {_n´ojv t{SUv bqWnb≥ t\\Xmhmb Sn.sP. UÆnßns\\ am¿Ivkv D≤cn°pIbp≠mbn aXnbmb em`aps≠¶n¬ apXemfnØØn\\v XnI™ [ocX bmWv. 10% em`w kp\\n›nXamsW¶n¬ AXv F√mbnSØpw AXn s‚ \\ntbmKw Dd∏phcpØpw. 20% em`w kp\\nivNnXamsW¶n¬ AXv Hu’pIyw krjvSn°pw. 50% em`ap≠m°psa¶n¬ [n°mc ambn. 100% em`w In´psa¶n¬ AXv F√m am\\pjnI \\nbaßsfbpw Nhn´nsaXn°pw. 300% em`w In´psa∂msW¶n¬ GsXmcp kml knIX°pw GsXmcp ISpwssI°pw AXv k∂≤amIpw, kz¥w DSaÿs\\ Xq°nte‰p∂XS°w. am¿IvknÃv ho£WtImWn¬ t\\m°nbm¬ AgnaXn apXemfn Ø aqe[\\kamlcWØns‚bpw em`w ]camh[nbm°p∂Xns‚ bpw {]{Inbbpambn At`Zyambn _‘s∏´ncn°p∂p. F¥v hne sImSpØpw em`w ]camh[n IøS°m\\p≈ XzcbmWv AgnaXn°v A\\pIqeamb ]cnXÿnXn krjSv n°p∂X.v aqe[\\Øn¬ am¿Ikv v hniZoIcn°p∂Xp t]mse, apXemfnØØnse kmºØnI hf¿®bpsS NmeIi‡nbmb aqe[\\kamlcW {]{Inb Npcp°w ssIIfn¬ aqe[\\w tI{µoIcn°p∂Xn\\v CSbm°p∂p. Cu aqe[\\ kamlcWØns‚bpw tI{µoIcWØns‚bpw {]{Inb `oa≥ IpØIIsf krjvSn°pIbpw AXv IqSpX¬ IqSpX¬ em`w ssI hcn°m\\pw IqSpX¬ henb IpØIIfmbn hfcm\\pap≈ {ia Øn\\nSbn¬ \\nbaØnt‚Xmb XS ßtfbpw AXncpItfbpw XpS¿

54 aqe-[\\w aXw cm{„obw Fw.-_n. cmtPjv ®bmbn X≈nam‰ns°m≠ncn°pw. apXemfnØØn¬ ]pXnb kwcw `ßfn¬ \\nt£]w \\SØp∂ km[mcW {]{InbbneqsS am{Xa√ IqSpX¬ em`w ssIhcn°p∂Xv. sIm≈em`Øn\\mbn, h≥InS IpØIIƒ s]mXp BkvXnIfpw `qan, [mXp°ƒ, Pew, kvs]Iv{Sw XpSßnb s]mXphn`hßfpw kzImcyh¬°cWØneqsS IøS°p ∂Xv apXemfnØØn¬ ]et∏mgpw kw`hn°mdp≈XmWv. h≥InS IpØIIfpsS i‡nbn¬ h≥tXmXnep≈ h¿≤\\bp≠mb BtKm fh¬°cW L´Øn¬ Cu {]hWXbpsS thKw IqSnbn´p≠v. h¿Øam\\ImesØ AgnaXnbpsS apJy t{kmX v `cWIqS i‡n Ifpw h≥InS IpØI aqe[\\hpw XΩnep≈ Iq´psI´mWv. AgnaXn: C¥y≥ A\\p`hw AgnaXn°mcmb cmjv{Sob°mcpsSbpw DtZymKÿcpsSbpw klmbtØmsS B`y¥c ˛ hntZi tIm¿∏td‰v i‡nIƒ s]mXp BkvXnIfpw {]IrXn hn`hßfpw ]m´pw ]mSn ssI°em°p ∂Xm Wv C¥ybnepw \\man∂v I≠psIm≠ncn°p∂Xv. Cu h≥InS tIm¿ ∏td‰v˛cmjv{Sob˛DtZymKÿ Iq´psI´v hn\\miIcamb Xeßfn¬ FØnbncn°p∂p. CXmWv AgnaXnbpsS ]gbXpw ]pXnbXpamb cq]ßsf th¿Xncn°p∂ {][m\\ LSIw. C¥ybnse kao]Ime AgnaXnIfn¬ Dƒs∏´ ]WØns‚ Af hv A`qX]q¿∆amWv. 2Pn kvs]Iv{Sw ssek≥kv A\\phZn°p∂Xp ambn _‘s∏´ AgnaXnbn¬ tZiob JP\\mhn\\p≠mb `oaamb \\jvSw kn.F.Pn.bpsS IW°\\pkcn®v 176,000 tImSn cq]bmWv. tIma¨sh¬Øv sKbnwkv IcmdpIƒ \\¬Ip∂Xnep≠mb AgnaXn 70,000 tImSn cq]bptSXmW.v kn.F.Pn. bpsS G‰hpw ]pXnb dnt∏m¿ ´\\pkcn®v sI.Pn. (IrjvW˛tKmZmhcn) XSØnse {]IrXnhmXIw Ipgns®Sp°p∂Xns‚ sNehv s]cp∏n®p ImWn® C¥ybnse G‰hpw henb IpØI IpSpw_amb dneb≥kv C≥Ukv{Sokns‚ \\S]SnbpsS ^eambn tZiob JP\\mhn\\p≠mb \\jvSw Xn´s∏ SpØm\\mhmØXmWv. F¨]XpIfn¬ tImfnf°w krjvSn® t_m t^mgvkv CS]mSnse IΩoj≥ XpI 68 tImSn cq]bmbncp∂psh∂v Hm¿°pI. 2Pn kvs]Iv{Sw CS]mSn¬ cmPyØn\\p≠mb \\jvSw t_m t^mgvkv AgnaXnbn¬ Dƒs∏´ kwJybpsS 2600 Cc´nbmWv. 1.76

55Fw.-_n. cmtPjv aqe-[\\w aXw cm{„obw e£w tImSn cq] F∂m¬ 2008 se C¥ybpsS samØw aqe[\\ kamlcWØns‚ 10 iXam\\amWv. Cu IW°pIƒ kao]Ime sØ AgnaXnIfpsS Aºc∏n°p∂ am\\߃ hy‡am°p∂XmW.v kao]ZiIßfn¬ AgnaXn C{X cm£kobambn hfcm\\p≈ ImcWsa¥mWv ? 1991 apX¬ ]n¥pS¿∂p hcp∂ \\h DZmc \\bß fpsSbpw hf¿®m amXrIbpsSbpw ^eamWnXv. DZmch¬°cW Øn\\v apºv ssek≥kv˛Izm´˛s]¿an‰v cmPns‚bpw kmºØnI {]h¿Ø\\ßfnep≈ AanXamb k¿°m¿ CSs]Sens‚bpw Zqjy ^eambn´mWv AgnaXn hntijn∏n°s∏´ncp∂Xv. DZmch¬°c WØns‚ h‡m°ƒ \\tΩmSv ]d™Xv kzImcy aqe[\\sØ kzX {¥am°p∂Xpw Itºmf i‡nIsf sI´gn®phnSp∂Xpw `cWIqS CSs]SepIƒ sh´n°pd°p∂Xpw Db¿∂ kmºØnI hf¿® Xzcn Xs∏SpØpIbpw hnthN\\m[nImc߃ \\o°w sNøp∂XneqsS kºZv hyhÿsb \\nb{¥Wap‡am°p∂ \\S]SnIƒ \\bcq]o IcWØn¬ kpXmcyX Dd∏phcpØIbpw h≥tXmXn¬ AgnaXn Ipdbp∂Xnte°v bp‡nklambn \\bn°pIbpw sNøpsa∂mbn cp∂p. F¥mbmepw, C¥y≥ htcWy h¿§ DZmch¬°cWØn s‚ Ccp]Xmw hm¿jnIw BtLmjn°ptºmƒ _lpiXtImSnIƒ Dƒs∏´ saKm AgnaXnIƒ Cu AhImihmZßfpsS s]m≈Øc ߃ Xpd∂p ImWn®ncn°p∂p. C¥ybpsS hf¿®m Ncn{Xw hnIknX apXemfnØ cmPy߃t]mepw XßfpsS kºZv hyh ÿIsf Xmßn\\n¿Øm≥ hnjan® L´Øn¬ t]mepw Db¿∂ Pn.Un.]n. hf¿® \\nc°v \\ne\\n¿Ønb Npcp°w kºZvLS\\ Ifn sem∂mWv C¥ybptSXv F∂Xv kXyamWv. F∂m¬ Cu hf¿® bpsS kz`mhhpw {]XymLmXßfpw ImWmXncp∂pIqS. tZiobhcp am\\Øn¬ (Pn.Un.]n) em`Øns‚bpw ]enibpsSbpw ]¶v KWyambn s]cpInb apJyambpw tIm¿∏td‰pIfm¬ \\bn°s∏´ hf¿®bm WnXv. Pn.Un.]n.bn¬ Iqen hcpam\\Øns‚ ]¶v IpdbpIbmWv D≠mbXv F∂pw ImWWw. Cu Db¿∂ kmºØnI hf¿® C¥y≥ P\\XbpsS ta¬Ø´nse Hcp kq£va ]mfnsb AanXambn t]mjn∏n°pIbpw AXnkº∂

56 aqe-[\\w aXw cm{„obw Fw.-_n. cmtPjv cpsS Hcp h¿£sØ krjvSn°pIbpw sNbvXncn°p∂p. 2011 ¬ t^m_vkv amknIbpsS tUmf¿ ASnÿm\\Ønep≈ iXtImSo izc≥amcpsS ]´nIbn¬ CSw ]nSn® C¥ym°mcpsS FÆw 55 Bbncn°p∂p. AhcpsS BsI BkXv n C¥ybpsS Pn.Un.]n. bpsS 15 iXam\\w AYhm 250 _ney¨ tUmf¿ (GItZiw 1125000tImSn cq]) hcpw F∂mWv IW°m°nbncn°p∂Xv. CXmWv Xnf°ap≈ hisa¶n¬ hrØnlo\\hpw Ccp≠Xpamb Hcp hiw IqSn Cu hf¿®m Ncn{XØn\\p≠.v s{]m^. A¿Pp≥ sk≥ Kp]Xv bpsS t\\Xr XzØnep≈ AkwLSnX taJesb kw_‘n® tZiobIΩojs‚ IW°v {]Imcw C¥y≥ P\\XbpsS 77 iXam\\w AXmbXv 836 Zie£w t]¿ Bsfm∂n\\v {]XnZn\\w 20 cq]bn¬ Xmsg am{XamWv PohnXmhiy߃°mbv sNehgn°p∂X.v Im¿jnI {]Xnk‘nbpw Xmßm\\mhmØ IS`mchpw Ign™ Hcp ZiIØn\\nSbn¬ c≠p e£Øntesd Irjn°msc BfllXybnte°v \\bn®p. Hmtcm AcaWn°qdnepw Hcp Irjn°mc≥ C¥ybn¬ BfllXy sNøp∂p F∂mWv tZiob ss{Iw dn°m¿Uvkv _yqtdmbpsS IW°pIƒ hy‡am°p∂Xv. Gsd sIm´ntLmjn°s∏Sp∂ C¥y≥ hf¿® bpsS ]n∂nep≈ bYm¿∞ IYbnXmWv. DZmch¬°cW \\b߃ hmKvZm\\w sNbvX kmºØnI ]ptcmKXnbpsS KpW^e߃ sImbvXXv C¥y≥ P\\kwJybnse kq£vaamb Hcp hn`mKw am{X amWv F∂XmWv hkXv pX. {Kmaßfnepw \\Kcßfnse tNcnIfnepw Pohn°p∂ _lp`qcn]£w P\\ßfpw sImSnb Zmcn{Zyw, ]´nWn, t]mjImlmc°pdhv, sXmgnen√mbva F∂nhbnte°v X≈nhnS s∏´ncn°p∂p. DZmch¬IrXImesØ AgnaXn DZmch¬°cWØn\\p Iogn¬ `cWIqSØns‚ ]¶v kzImcy aqe[\\sØ \\nb{¥n°p∂Xn¬ \\n∂v AXn\\v kuIcysamcp°n s°mSp°p∂Xmbn amdnbn´p≠.v `cWIqSØns‚ Cu ]p\\¿\\n¿∆Nn °s∏´ ]¶ns‚ A¿∞w kzImcy aqe[\\Øn\\v em`w h¿≤n∏n°m \\p≈ ]pXnb ]mXIƒ Xpd∂p sImSp°pI F∂XmWv. ChnsS bmWv \\nba]chpw \\nbahncp≤ambXn\\p anSbnep≈ AXncpIƒ am™pt]mIp∂Xv.

57Fw.-_n. cmtPjv aqe-[\\w aXw cm{„obw DZmlcWØn\\v, 2Pnkvs]Iv{Sw hnXcWw kw_‘n® kn.F.Pn. dnt∏m¿´n¬ h≥InS tIm¿∏td‰pIsf klmbn°m≥ N´ßfpw hyhÿIfpw \\S]Sn{Iaßfpw \\·ambn ewLn®Xv Fßns\\sb∂v Nq≠n°mWn°p∂p. kn.F.Pn. ]dbp∂p. ssek≥kpIƒ A\\phZn°p∂ {]{InbbmsI kpXmcyX bn√msXbpw hnthN\\ ]chpw \\ymbclnXhpw Ak¥penXhpamb coXnbnemWv \\S∂Xv... sSentImw hIp∏v 2001 se hne°v 2008 ¬ 122 ]pXnb 2 Pn kvs]Iv{Sw ssek≥kpIƒ A\\phZn®Xv [\\Imcy bp‡nbpw N´ßfpw \\S]Sn{Iaßfpw apgph≥ ewLn®psIm≠mWv. sSentImw hIp∏v Ah¿ Xs∂ \\n›bn® tbmKyXm \\n_‘\\Iƒ ]men®n√. At]£Iƒ kzoIcn°m\\p≈ A¥na XoøXn hnthN\\ ]cambn ]n∂oSv am‰pIbpw \\ymbhpw aXnbmbXpamb ImcW ßfn√msX BZyw h∂h¿°v BZyw (FCFS)F∂ \\S]Sn{IaØns‚ hyhÿIƒ \\n¿WmbI L´ßfn¬ am‰nadn°pIbpw sNbvXp. CsX√mw Nne Iº\\nIƒ°v a‰p≈h°p ta¬ A\\ymbamb ap≥ Xq°w \\¬In. (JWvUnI 6.2 t]Pv 57 2Pnkvs]Iv{Sw A\\phZn®Xv kw_‘n® kn.F.Pn. dnt∏m¿´v) kn.F.Pn. Ip‰s∏SpØp∂ ap≥ sSentImw a{¥n \\nc¥cw AhImis∏´psIm≠ncp∂Xv 2001se hne°v 2008¬ ksv ]I{v Sw A\\phZn® Xs‚ \\S]Sn sSentImw taJe bn¬ F√mh¿°pw Xpey Ahkc߃ e`yam°m\\pw a’cw Dd∏p hcpØm\\pw Dt±in®p≈ \\S]SnIfmbncp∂psh∂mWv. bYm¿ ∞Øn¬ At±lw sNbvXXv h≥InS tIm¿∏td‰pIƒ°v `oaambn kmºØnIt\\´ap≠m°m≥ adbn√msX klmbn°pIbpw AXns‚ {]Xn^eambn kz¥ambn t\\´ap≠m°pIbpambncp∂p. Cu a{¥n Xs‚ Iq´p {]XnIfmb _n n\\ pIm¿°pw DtZymKÿ {]apJ¿ °psam∏w Ct∏mƒ PbnenemW.v tIkv kp{]ow tImSXnbn¬ \\S∂p hcnIbpamWv {]IrXn hn`h߃ h≥InS tIm¿∏td‰pIƒ°v Xp—amb hne°v hn‰vXpe°m≥ N´ßƒ hfs®mSn°p∂ kw`h߃ tZiob Xe Øn¬ HXpßn \\n¬°p∂n√. I¿ÆmSI t]mep≈ C¥y≥ kwÿm \\ßfn¬ J\\\\ taJebpsS kzImcyh¬°cWsØØpS¿∂v J\\n am^nb hf¿∂ph∂ncn°p∂p. X߃°njSv ap≈hsc A[nImcØn te‰m\\pw FXncmbhsc Xmsgbnd°m\\pw Ignbp∂ hn[Øn¬ Ahn

58 aqe-[\\w aXw cm{„obw Fw.-_n. cmtPjv SpsØ cmjv{SobØnepw `cWI£nbnepw J\\nam^nb ]nSnapdp °nbncn°p∂p. \\nIpXnsh´n∏pw I≈∏WØns‚ D¬∏mZ\\hpamWv DZmch¬ °cWImeØv AgnaXnbpsS as‰mcp {][m\\ t{kmX v. \\nIpXn AS°msX C¥ybnte°v ]Wsamgp°p∂Xns‚ Hcp {][m\\ ]mX C¥ybpw audojykpw XΩn¬ D≠m°nbn´p≈ Cc´ \\nIpXn Hgnhm°¬ Icm¿ (DTAA)BW.v C¥ybnte°p≈ {]Xy£ hntZi \\nt£]Øns‚ (FDI) 40%hpw Cu audojykv ]mXbneqsS bmsW∂ Imcyw {it≤bamWv. Cu hntZi\\nt£]Øns‚ Gdnb ]¶pw \\nIpXn sh´n°m≥ th≠n audojykneqsS Idßn cmPy tØ°v Xncn®phcp∂ C¥y≥ ]Ww Xs∂bmsW∂mWv hym]I ambn kwibn°s∏Sp∂Xv. 2Pn, sF.]n.F¬ XpSßnb kao]Im esØ AgnaXnt°kpIƒs°√mw Hcp audojykv _‘w ImWm \\mhpw. audojykn¬ cPnÿ sNbvXn´p≈ ISemkv Iº\\nIsf D]tbmKn®mWv \\·amb \\nIpXn sh´n∏pw ]Ww Cc´n∏n°epw a‰p X´n∏pIfpw \\SØns°m≠n cn°p∂Xv. audojykpambp≈ Cc´ \\nIpXn Hgnhm°¬ Icm¿ d±m°pItbm s]mfns®gpXpItbm sNø Wsa∂ cmj{v Sobmhiyw i‡ambn Db¿∂n´pw tIm¿∏td‰v tem_n bpsS AXni‡amb kΩ¿±w aqew tI{µk¿°m¿ A\\ßnbn´n√. t•m_¬ ss^\\m≥jy¬ C‚{Kn‰n (GFI) ASpØImeØv \\S Ønb ]T\\w C¥ybn¬ \\n∂p≈ \\nbahncp≤amb aqe[\\ {]hmlw kw_‘n®v Nne IW°pIƒ shfns∏SpØnbn´p≠v ]T\\Øn\\v t\\XrXzw \\¬Inb sF.Fw.F^nse apXn¿∂ [\\imkv{X⁄\\pw Pn.F^v.sFbnse Ct∏mgsØ apJy [\\imkv{X⁄\\pamb tZhIv ¿ Cu aqe[\\ {]hmlw C¥y°p ]pdØp≈ tI{µßfnte°v ]Ww ISØns°m≠pt]mIp∂Xn\\v ImcWambn´p≠v F∂v Nq≠n°mWn°p∂p. AhcpsS ]T\\a\\pkcn®v 1948 \\pw 2008 \\panS°p≈ 60 h¿j Øn\\nSbn¬ C¥ybn¬ \\n∂v \\nbahncp≤ambn ]pdtØ°v HgpInb ]Ww GXm≠v 213 _ney¨ tUmfdmWv. Ct∏mgsØ aqeyw IW°m°ptºmƒ 462 _ney¨ (GItZiw 21 e£w tImSn cq]) tUmf¿ hcpw. Cu XpI 2008 se C¥ybpsS tZiob hcpam\\Øns‚ 36 iXam\\w BWv. ]T\\ dnt∏m¿´nse Hcp {][m\\ \\nco£Ww

59Fw.-_n. cmtPjv aqe-[\\w aXw cm{„obw 91¬ C¥y kºZv hyhÿ DZmch¬°cn®Xn\\v tijamWv Cu {]{InbbpsS thKw IqSnbXv F∂mWv. dnt∏m¿´\\pkcn®v kzX{¥y Øn\\v tijw C¥ybn¬ \\n∂p≈ I≈∏Wsamgp°ns‚ 68 iX am\\hpw 1991 \\p tijamWvD≠mbXv. ]cnjv°mc߃ \\S∏nem°p ∂Xn\\v apºv I≈∏Wsamgp°v 9.1 iXam\\w F∂ hm¿jnI icmicnbn¬ hf¿∂ncp∂Xv ]cnjv°mc߃°ptijw 16.4 Bbn h¿≤n®p F∂pw dnt∏m¿´v Nq≠n°mWn°p∂p. 2002 \\pw 2006 \\pw CSbn¬ am{Xw {]Xnh¿jw icmicn 16_ney¨ tUmf¿ (GItZiw 72000 tImSn cq]) hoXw C¥y°v \\jvSs∏´p F∂pw Pn.F^v.sF. dnt∏m¿´v ]dbp∂p. A\\p`h߃ sXfnbn °p∂Xv DZmch¬°cWw AgnaXn Ipd®n√ F∂p am{Xa√ AXv t{]m’mln∏n°pIbpw AXns‚ hym]Xv nbpw am\\hpw Aºc∏n°pw hn[w h¿≤n∏n°pIbpw sNbvXp F∂mWv. efnXambn ]d™m¬ ]cnjv°mc߃°v apºp≈ Imebfhn¬ dos´bv¬ AgnaXnbm bncps∂¶nepw ]cnj°v mcm\\¥cw samØamb saKm AgnaXnbmWv \\S°p∂Xv. CXmIs´ cmPysØ \\bcq]oIcWØns‚bpw Xocp am\\w FSp°p∂Xns‚bpw G‰hpw D∂Xamb XeßfnemWv D¬`hn°p∂Xpw. hgnsX‰p∂ P\\m[n]Xyw hfcp∂ AgnaXn C¥y≥ P\\m[n]XyØn\\v `ojWnbmWv. P\\m[n]XyØns‚ ASnØdbmb sXcs™Sp∏v {]{Inb Xs∂ h¿≤n® tXmXn¬ [\\i‡nbpsS kzm[o\\Øn\\pw Zpcp]tbmK Øn\\pw hnt[bambnØocp∂Xv ImWmw. CubnsS A©v kwÿm\\ \\nbak`Ifnte°p≈ Xncs™Sp∏n\\nSbn¬ sXcs™Sp∏v IΩoj≥ ]nSns®SpØ A\\[nIrX ]Ww 74tImSn cq]bmWv. CXn ¬ 60 tImSn cq]bpw Xangv\\m´n¬ \\n∂p am{Xambncp∂p. 2Pn kvs] I{v Sw CS]mSneqsS AhnlnXambn kz¥am°nb ]Ww Xang\\v m´nse sXcs™Sp∏n¬ hym]Iambn D]tbmKn®p F∂mWv IcpXs∏Sp ∂Xv. CSXp]£ hncp≤ i‡nIfpsS {]NcWØn\\mbn [mcmfw ]Wsamgp°nb ]›na _wKmfn¬ \\n∂v sXcs™Sp∏v IΩoj≥ 8 tImSn cq] ]nSns®Sp°Ibp≠mbn. [\\i‡nbpsS h≥tXmXnep≈ Cu D]tbmKw sXcs™Sp∏v

60 aqe-[\\w aXw cm{„obw Fw.-_n. cmtPjv {]{Inbsb aen\\oIcn°pIbmWv. ]m¿esa‚ns‚bpw kwÿm\\ \\nbak`IfpsSbpw D≈S°hpw LS\\bpw amdns°m≠ncn°pI bmWv. temIvk`bn¬ 545 AwKßfn¬ 300tesdt∏cpw tImSoizc ∑mtcm iXtImSoizc≥amtcm BWv. Atkmkntbj≥ Hm^v sU tam{Im‰nIv dnt^mwkv, \\mjW¬ Ce£≥ hm®v F∂o kwL S\\Iƒ \\SØnb Hcp ]T\\a\\pkcn®v 2009 se temIvk`m sXc s™Sp∏n¬ ho≠pw a’cn® kn‰nßv Fw.]n.amcpsS BkvXnbn¬ A©ph¿jØn\\nsS D≠mb h¿≤\\hv 289 Bbncp∂p. CubnsS sXcs™Sp∏v \\S∂ _wKmƒ, B mw, Xang\\v mS,v tIcfw, ]pXpt»cn F∂nhnSßfn¬ tImSoizc∑mcmb Fw.F¬.FamcpsS FÆw 2006¬ 97 Bbncps∂¶n¬ 2011 ¬ 268 Bbn Db¿∂p. h≥InS _nkn\\ pw cmjv{Sobhpw XΩnep≈ hf¿∂p hcp∂ Iq´psI´ns‚ `mKambn i‡ns∏Sp∂ cmjv{Sob i‡nbpw ]Wi‡nbpw XΩnep≈ _‘ Ønte°v shfn®w hoip∂ IW°pIfmWnh. P\\m[n]XyØnse a‰v kp{][m\\ ÿm]\\ßfmb PpUojy dnbpw am[yaßfpw AgnaXnbn¬ \\n∂v ap‡a√. kp{]owtImSXn bnse No^v PÃokpamcpƒs∏sSbp≈ ap≥ PUvPnam¿s°Xncmbn Btcm]W߃ D∂bn°s∏SpIbpw At\\zjWw \\S°pIbpw sNøp∂p. ]Ww \\¬In hm¿Ø (Paid News){]Xn`mkw ]cnanXamb am[ya kzmX{¥yØn\\p t\\sc Db¿∂ncn°p∂ henb sh√phnfnbmWv. F√m P\\m[n]Xy ÿm]\\ßfnepw Bgv∂ndßn°gn™ AgnaXn h¿Øam\\Ime kaqlØnse [m¿ΩnI aqeyØns‚ A]NbØn s‚ e£Ww IqSnbmWv. GXv hnt[\\bpw ]Ww hmcn°q´p∂Xv BtLmjn°s∏SpIbpw A¥an√mØ B¿Ønbpw, em`mk‡nbpw {`m¥p]nSn® D]t`mK ]cXbpw ta∑Ifmbn KWn°s∏SpIbpw sN øp∂ ImeamWv \\h DZmchmZØnt‚Xv. CXmWv C¥y≥ P\\m[n]XysØ hgnsX‰n°p∂Xv AgnaXn hncp≤ {]ÿm\\w Zie£°W°n\\v a\\pjy¿ ISpØ Zmcn{Zyhpw ]´nWnbpw A\\p`hn°pIbpw kmaqlnI˛kmºØnI AhkcßfpsS \\ntj[w t\\cnSpIbpw sNøp∂ C¥y t]mep≈ Hcp cmPyØv

61Fw.-_n. cmtPjv aqe-[\\w aXw cm{„obw AgnaXnbneqsS s]mXphn`h߃ sIm≈bSn°p∂Xv KpcpXcamb Hcp Ip‰IrXyw Xs∂bmW.v kmºØnI ]ptcmKXnsb XS s∏Sp Øp∂Xn\\v ]pdta AgnaXnbneqsSbp≈ A\\[nIrX kzØv kºmZ\\w AkaXz߃ h¿≤n∏n°pIbpw kaqlØns‚ [m¿ΩnImSnØdsb \\in∏n°pIbpw sNøpw. kao]Ime AgnaXnIƒ Xo¿®bmbpw h≥tXmXn¬ _lpP\\ tcmjw krjvSn®n´p≠v. CXv cmjv{Sobamb ka{KXbpw ]IzXbp ap≈ Hcp AgnaXn hncp≤ P\\Iob {]ÿm\\ambn ]cnh¿Øn∏nt° ≠Xp≠v. Ct∏mƒ ]uckaql kwLS\\IfptSbpw kwLSnX CSXp]£Øns‚bpw t\\XrXzØnep≈ c≠v [mcIƒ AgnaXn hncp≤ P\\Iob {]ÿm\\Øn\\p≠v. ]uckaql kwLS\\m t\\Xr XzØnep≈ {]ÿm\\Øn\\v h≥tXmXn¬ am[ya ]cnKW\\ e`n®n´p s≠¶nepw ]cnanXamb ]cnt{]£yw AXns‚ apJy Zu¿∫√yamWv. C¥ybnse AgnaXnbpsS A`qX]q¿∆amb hf¿®bn¬ \\h DZmchmZ \\bßfpsS ]¶v Xncn®dnbp∂Xn¬ Ah¿ ]cmPbs∏Sp∂p. AgnaXnbpsS t]cn¬ k¿°mcnt\\bpw cmjv{Sob°mscbpw Ah¿ B{Ian°ptºmƒ C¥ybnse AgnaXnbpsS {]`h tI{µamb h≥ InS tIm¿∏td‰pIfpw cmjv{Sob°mcpw DtZymK ÿta[mhnIfpw XΩnep≈ Iq´psI´v Ah¿ ImWmsX t]mIp∂p. am{Xa√ Nne AgnaXn hncp≤ Ipcnipbp≤°mcpsS ]›mØew Xs∂ Zpcql amWv. CubnsS \\yqU¬lnbn¬ \\ncmlmcmkacw \\SØnb Hcp _m_ kvtIm´e‚n¬ Hcp Zzo]p Xs∂ kz¥ambn´p≈bmfmWv. CØc°m¿ h¿Kob heXp]£ {]Xntemai‡nIfpambn Iq´ptN¿∂ncn°pIbpamWv. AgnaXn hncp≤ \\ne]mSns‚ ImcyØn¬ C¥ybnse as‰√m cmj{v Sob]m¿´nItf°mƒ G‰hpw anI® sdt°mUp≈Xv CSXp]£ ]m¿´nIƒ°mW.v AgnaXnsb sNdp°m\\p≈ [m¿ΩnI ]n≥_ehpw IcpØpw CSXp]£Øn\\v \\¬Ip∂Xv A\\p]aamb Cu khnti jXbmWv. Ct∏mƒ ]pdØp h∂n´p≈ 2Pn kvs]Iv{Sw, sI.Pn. AgnaXn F∂nhsb√mw Xpd∂pImWn°p∂Xn¬ CSXp]£w {][m\\ ]¶v hln®n´p≠v. kzX{¥ Itºmf \\bßfpw AgnaXnbpw XΩnep≈ _‘hpw h≥InS _nkn\\ pw cmjv{Sobhpw XΩnep≈ _‘hpw

62 aqe-[\\w aXw cm{„obw Fw.-_n. cmtPjv NßmØ apXemfnØØns‚ hf¿®bpw cmjv{Sob ]m¿´nIƒ°pw P\\m[n]Xy ÿm]\\߃°pw ta¬ tIm¿∏td‰v \\nb{¥Ww h¿≤n ∏n°p∂Xpsa√mw \\hDZmc\\b߃ \\S∏m°n XpSßnb Imew apX¬ CSXp]Ivjw \\nc¥cambn Nq≠n°mWn®p sIm≠ncn°pIbmWv. cmjv{Sob ]m¿´nIƒ°p≈ tIm¿∏td‰v kw`mh\\Isf F°meØpw FXn¿Øn´p≈ CSXp]£w Hcn°epw tIm¿∏td‰v kw`mh\\Iƒ kzoIcn®n´pan√. Ct∏mƒ CSXp]£w tZihym]Iambn Hcp AgnaXn hncn≤ {]ÿm\\Øn\\v cq]w sImSpØphcpIbmWv. AXn\\v B[mcamb apJy Bhiy߃ Xmsg ]dbp∂hbmWv. 1. ^e{]Zamb Hcp temIv]m¬ \\nbaw ]m m°pI. 2. D∂X PqUojydnbnse AgnaXn XSbm≥ Hcp tZiob PpUojy¬ IΩoj≥ cq]oIcn°pI. 3. h≥InS _nkn\\ v˛cmjv{Sob˛DtZymKÿ Iq´psI´ns‚ ^eamb hym]Iamb AgnaXns°Xnsc I¿i\\ \\S]SnIƒ kzoI cn°pI. 4. sXcs™Sp∏pIfnse [\\i‡nbpsS kzm[o\\w \\nb{¥n °m\\pw B\\p]mXnI {]mXn\\n[yw Dƒs∏sSbp≈ sXcs™Sp∏v ]cnjv°mc߃ \\S∏nem°pI. 5. I≈∏Ww Is≠Øm\\pw cmPyØn\\v ]pdtØ°v ISØn s°m≠pt]mb I≈∏Ww Xncn®p sIm≠phcm\\pw \\S]Sn kzoIcn °pI. AgnaXns°Xncmbn am{Xa√ AXn\\p ImcWamIp∂ \\h DZmc \\b߃°pw FXncmb tZihym]I kac߃ i‡ns∏SpØpIbpw {]ÿm\\w sI´n∏Sp°pIbpamWv C∂sØ ISa. A‘amb em` s°mXn, \\nb{¥Wan√mØ kzImcy aqe[\\ kamlcWw, `cWIqS Øn\\pw kºZhv yhÿ°pw taep≈ XS an√mØ tIm¿∏td‰v B[n ]Xyw F∂nhsb FXn¿°mØ AgnaXn hncp≤ {]ÿm\\w D]cnπh hpw Znimt_m[an√mØXpw Bbncn°pw. h¿≤n°p∂ Zmcn{Zyw, s]cp Ip∂ AkaXzw, kmaqlnI \\oXn F∂o {]iv\\ßfpw AgnaXn hncp ≤ {]ÿm\\w A`nkwt_m[\\ sNtø≠Xp≠v. Npcp°Øn¬, Agn aXns°Xncmb kacw H‰s∏´X√, \\h DZmc BtKmfh¬°cWØn

63Fw.-_n. cmtPjv aqe-[\\w aXw cm{„obw s\\Xncmb hnimeamsbmcp {]kvYm\\Øns‚ At`Zyamb `mKambn AXv amdntb Xocq. alØmb Ncn{Xap≈ Hcp cmjv{Sw, temIØnse G‰hpw henb P\\m[n]Xycmjv{Sw F∂o \\neIfn¬ Xo¿®bmbpw C¥y°v AgnaXns°Xncmb kacØn¬ hnPbw hcn°m\\mhpw F∂v F\\n°v Dd∏p≠v. P\\ßfnepw P\\m[n]XyØnepw hnizmkap≈Xn\\m¬ \\ncmis∏Sm≥ bmsXmcp ImcWhpw Rm≥ ImWp∂n√. alm\\mb Cw•ojv Im¬∏\\nI Ihn ]n._n. sj√nbpsS hcnIfnse ip` {]Xo £ ]¶psh®psIm≠v Rm≥ Ahkm\\n∏n°s´ ssiXyw h∂psh¶n¬ hk¥w Gsd AIsebmIptam Cw•≠nse tImsh≥{Sn k¿∆IemimebpsS _nkn\\kv kv°qƒ kwLSn∏n® t\\XrXz {]`mjW ]cºcbn¬ (Leadership Lecture Series) Pqembv 2˛\\v Ah-X-cn-∏n® {]_‘w.

64 aqe-[\\w aXw cm{„obw Fw.-_n. cmtPjv DZm-c-h¬°-c-W -Im-esØ CS-Xp-]£ _Z-¬ C°tWm-anIv ssSwkv C¥y-bnse {]apJ tIm¿]-td‰v am[y-a- ßf- ns- em∂- mWv; \\he- n_- d- ¬ \\bß- - f- psS Xo{hh- ‡- m°- fpw {]Nmc- - Ic- pa- mW- v. s]mXp _P‰- ns‚ ]nt‰∂- nd- ß- nb (1.3.2008) C°t- Wma- nIv ssSwkns‚ eoUv \"cm{„o-b-amb icn' F∂m-bn-cp-∂p. F¥m-Wn-Xn- \\¿∞w? P\\-{]nbw F∂p hnti-jn-∏n-°-s∏´ _P-‰n-eqsS tIm¿]- td‰v temI-Øns‚ Acp-a-bmb NnZw-_cw kzoI-cn® ISw FgpXn X≈p-∂-X-S-°-ap≈ ]cn-an-X-amb Nne \\S-]-Sn-Iƒ cm{„ob kml-N- cy-Øns‚ kΩ¿±-^-e-amWv F∂p-X-s∂. Bk-∂-am-sW∂v Icp-X- s∏-Sp∂ s]mXp sXc-s™-Sp-∏mWv NnZw-_-c-Øn-\\p-ta¬ kΩ¿±-ap- b¿Øn-bXv F∂v F√m-h¿°p-a-dn-bmw. At∏mƒ s]mXp sXc-s™- Sp∏p ap∂n¬ I≠p-sIm-≠p≈ Nne hn´p-ho-gvN-Ifpw s]mSn-ss°-I- fpa- mWv NnZw_- cØns‚ _P‰- n\\v P\\{- ]nb- X- b- psS ]pdwtamSn \\¬In- bnc- n°- p∂- Xv F∂¿Yw. s]mSns- s°I- f- m¬ AewI- rX- a- mb Cu _P- ‰n-s\\-bmWv hnπ-h-I-c-amb Nph-Sp-sh-∏mbn Nn{Xo-I-cn-®p-sIm≠v tIm¨{Kkv {]Nm-cWw XpS-ßn-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. _P-‰n-s\\-°p-dn-®p≈ AhI- mi- h- mZ- ß- f- psS s\\√pw ]Xncpw Xncn®- d- nb- m≥ H‰t- \\m´- Ø- ne- p≈ hmb-\\-bv°-∏pdw Bg-Øn-ep≈ hni-I-e\\w Bh-iy-am-Wv. Hcp Kh¨sa‚ns‚ _P‰v AXns‚ hchp sNeh- pI- W- °p kw_- ‘n® tcJ am{X-a-√, AXns‚ \\b-tcJ Xs∂-bm-Wv. _P-‰n-eqsS k¿°m¿ Fßs\\ hcpa- m\\w Is≠Ø- p∂p F∂Xpw AXv Fßs\\

65Fw.-_n. cmtPjv aqe-[\\w aXw cm{„obw sNeh- g- n°- p∂p F∂Xpw k¿°mc- ns‚ cm{„ob \\ne]- mS- pI- sf hy‡- am°- p∂- p. k¿°m¿ BcpsS Xm¬∏c- yß- ƒ°v ap≥KW- \\ \\¬Ip∂p? C°m-cy-߃s°-√m-ap≈ DØ-c-ß-fmWv _P‰v \\n¿t±-i-߃. Cu ho£-W-Øn¬ tI{µ kwÿm\\ _P-‰p-Isf hne-bn-cp-Øp-tºmƒ Hcp Imcyw hy‡a- mI- pw. H‰s- ∏´- , Nne Bizmk \\S]- S- nI- ƒ°nS- b- n- epw tI{µ-_-P‰v BXy-¥n-I-ambn kwc-£n-°p-∂Xv kº-∂-cpsS Xm¬∏-cy-ß-fmWv. kwÿm\\ _P-‰m-I-s´, C∂sØ kwÿm\\ Kh¨sa‚p-I-fpsS ]cn-an-Xn-Iƒ°-IØp \\n∂p-sIm-≠p≈ CS-Xp- ]£ _Ze- ns‚ amXrI- b- mW- v apt∂m´- ps- h°- p∂- X- v. cmPyw A`na- pJ- oI- c- n°- p∂ aq∂v apJy{- ]i- \\v ß- sf Fßs- \\b- mWv _P‰- pI- ƒ ssIImcyw sNbvXnc- n°- p∂- Xv F∂Xv hneb- nc- pØ- e- ns‚ {][m\\ am\\-Z-fi-am-tI≠-Xp≠v. Im¿jnI {]Xn-k-‘n, hne-°-b- ‰w, sXmgn-en-√mbva F∂n-h-bmWv Cu aq∂v {]iv\\-߃. CtXm-sSm- ∏w, BtKm-f-h¬°-cW \\b-߃ krjvSn® ISpØ Ac-£n-Xm-h- ÿb- psS ]›mØ- e- Ø- n¬ kmaql- nI t£a]- ≤- X- nI- t- fmS- p≈ kao- ]\\- w, hn`h- k- a- ml- c- Ww kw_‘- n® \\n¿t±i- ß- ƒ F∂nh- bpw {][m- \\a- mW- v. Im¿jnI {]Xn-k‘n 2007-˛2008¬ am{Xw C-¥y-bn¬ 17000 Irjn-°m¿ Bfl-lXy sNbvXp F∂ \\mjW- ¬ ss{Iw dn°m¿Uvkv _yqtdmb- psS IW°v {]Xn-k-‘n-bpsS Bgw hy‡-am-°p-∂p. Hmtcm Ac-a-Wn-°q-dnepw Hcp I¿jI- ≥ F∂ \\neb- n¬ Bfll- Xy sNøp∂p F∂mWv IW- °v. CXn\\p {][m-\\-Im-cWw IS-s°-Wn-bpam-Wv. Cu ÿnXn hnti- jsØ t\\cnS- m≥ NnZw_- cw {]Jym]- n®- n´- p≈ \\S]- Sn Im¿jnI ISw Fgp-Xn-Ø-≈pI F∂p-≈-Xm-Wv. A-dp-]-Xn-\\m-bncw tImSn- cq-]-bpsS ISw FgpX- nØ- ≈pw F∂mWv {]Jym]- \\- w. H‰t- \\m´- Ø- n¬ Hcp alm- kw-`hw F∂m¿°pw tXm∂m-hp∂ Cu {]Jym-]-\\-Øns‚ hni-Zmw- i-߃ At\\z-jn®p t]mIp-tºm-gmWv {]iv\\-Øns‚ thcn¬ sXmSmØ D]c- nπ- h- a- mb Hcp \\S]- S- nb- msW∂v Xncn®dnbm\\- mh- pI- . H∂m-a-Xm-bn, sIm´n-tLm-jn-°-s∏-Sp∂ ISw Fgp-Xn-Ø-≈-ens‚ KpWw _lp`- qc- n]- £w Irjn°- m¿°pw e`n°- m≥ t]mIp∂- n√- . F¥p- sIm≠v? kzImcy ]Wa- nS]mSpI- mc- n¬ \\n∂v hmßnb hmbv]I- ƒ°v

66 aqe-[\\w aXw cm{„obw Fw.-_n. cmtPjv Cu B\\pI- qeyw A\\ph- Z- n®- n´- n√- . kzImc- y]- W- a- nS- ]- mS- pI- mc- n¬ \\ns∂- SpØ hmbv] 48000 tImSn cq]-bm-Wv. Ct∏mƒ Fgp-Xn-Ø-≈p-∂n-S- tØmfw ISw GXm≠v _m°n \\n¬°p∂p F∂¿∞w. cmPyØv IS-sa-SpØ Irjn-°mcn¬ 42.3% kzImcy ]W-an-S-]m-Sp- Imc- n¬ \\n∂mWv ISw hmßnb- nc- n°- p∂- Xv F∂v \\mjW- ¬ kmºnƒ k¿-sh-bpsS Aº-sØm-ºXmw du≠v IW-°p-Iƒ sXfn-bn-°p-∂p. Ch-c-{Xbpw Fgp-Xn-Ø-≈-ens‚ {]tbm-P\\w e`n-°m-Ø-h-cm-Wv. as‰m∂v c≠v slIvS-dn¬ Xmsg `qan-bp-≈-h-cpsS ISw am{X-amWv Fgp-Xn-Ø-≈pI. hen-sbmcp `mKw sNdp-In-S-˛-CS-Øcw Irjn-°m¿ Aß-s\\bpw Cu B\\p-Iq-ey-Øns‚ ]cn-[n°v ]pdØm-Ipw. hnZ¿` t]mep≈ taJ-e-I-fn¬ Bdpw Ggpw G°¿ `qan kz¥-am-bp-≈- h¿t]mepw Bfl-lXy sNøp-∂psh-t∂m¿°-Ww. am{X-a-√, 60,000 tImSn-bpsS ISw Fgp-Xn-Ø-≈¬ \\S-]-Snsb ImWp-∂n√ F∂m-Wn- Xn-\\¿∞w. IS-s°-Wn-bpsS cq£-X a\\- n-em°n ka-{K-amb ISm- izmk \\S-]-Sn-Ifpw tIcf amXr-I-bn-ep≈ IΩo-j-\\p-am-bn-cp∂p tI{µw \\S-∏m-t°-≠n-bn-cp-∂-Xv. CS-Xp-]£w _P-‰n\\v apºv tI{µ- Øn\\v \\¬Inb Ipdn-∏n¬ CXv Bh-iy-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXn-cp-∂p. F∂m¬ B ka-{K-X-bn¬ {]iv\\w kao-]n-°m≥ NnZw-_cw Xøm-dm- bn-√. AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ ]d-b-s∏-Sp∂ {]tbm-P\\w CXp-sIm≠v D≠mh- pI- b- n√- . c≠m-a-Xmbn I¿j-I¿°v 4% ]en-i°v ÿm]\\ hmbv] e`y-am- °Ww F∂ Bhiyw [\\a- {¥n ]cnK- W- n°- pI- b- p≠- mb- n√- . kzImcy ]Wa- nS- ]- mS- pI- mc- n¬ \\n∂pw ISs- °W- nb- n¬ \\n∂pw Irjn°- msc c£n- °m≥ CXmh- i- ya- ms- W∂v tZiob I¿jI IΩoj- \\pw CSX- p]- £- hpw Nq≠n°- m´- nb- nc- p∂- p. [\\a- {¥n ]db- p∂- Xv Ggv iXa- m\\w ]eni- bv°v 280,000 tImSn cq]b- psS hmb]v [\\I- mc- yÿ- m]- \\- ß- ƒ aptJ\\ Irjn- °m¿°v e`n°- ps- a∂- mW- v. \\neh- ne- p≈- X- nt- \\°- mƒ Ipd™ Ggv iX- am\\w \\nc°- n¬ hmb]v e`ya- m°- m\\- mh- i- ya- mb klmbw _m¶pI- ƒ°v tI{µk- ¿°m¿ \\¬Inb- n´- n√- . CXns‚ ^ea- mbn _P‰- n¬ hmKvZm\\w sNøp∂ 280,000tImSn cq]-bpsS hfsc sNdn-sbmcp `mKw hmbv] am{Xta e`ya- m°- s- ∏S- pI- b- p≈q. tIm¿]t- d‰v Irjnbpw a‰pw t{]m’m- ln-∏n-°-s∏Sp∂ ]›m-Ø-e-ß-fn¬ CXns‚ Xs∂ knwl-`m-Khpw h≥InS- °- m¿°v t]mIm\\- mW- nS- .

67Fw.-_n. cmtPjv aqe-[\\w aXw cm{„obw aq∂m-a-Xm-bn, Im¿jnI {]Xn-k-‘n-bpsS {][m\\ Imc-W-ß-fn- sem∂- mb hneI- f- psS Nm©m´w t\\cnS- p∂- X- n\\v tI{µ _P‰v Xømd- m- bn-´n-√. hne-ÿn-cXm ^≠v F∂ CS-Xp-]£ \\n¿t±-i-sØ-°p-dn®v _P‰v au\\w ]men®- nc- n°- pI- b- mW- v. kw`c- Ww kw_‘- n®pw hy‡- amb \\n¿t±-i-ß-sfm∂pw _P-‰n¬ ImWm-\\n-√. Im¿jnI cwKsØ s]mXp\\- nt- £]w h¿≤n∏- n°- p∂- X- nepw Ip‰I- c- a- mb A\\mÿ- b- mW- p- ≈-Xv. Npcp-°-Øn¬∏-d-™m¬ Im¿jnI {]Xn-k-‘n-bpsS ASn- ÿm\\ {]iv\\-ß-fn-sem∂pw kv]¿in-°msX {]N-c-W-]-c-amb Nne {]Jym-]-\\ß- -fn¬ HXp-ßpI- -bmWv tI{µ-_-P‰- v. AXn\\- ∏- pdw Irjn- °m¿°v ISmizmkw \\¬Im-s\\-∂-t]-cn¬ s]mXp-ta-Jem ÿm]-\\- ßf- psS Hmlcn hn‰g- n°- p∂- X- ns- \\°- pd- n®- mWv Ct∏mƒ NnZw_- cw ]d- ™ps- Im≠- nc- n°- p∂- X- v. \\he- n_- d- ¬ \\bß- ƒ krjvSn® Hcp sISp- Xnsb AtX \\bß- ƒ Xo{ha- mbn \\S∏- m°- m\\- p≈ adb- m°n D]t- bm- Kn-°p-I-bmWv At±-lw. Fß-s\\-bp≠v NnZw-_c-Øns‚ Iuiew? hne-°-b‰w cmPysØ ]mh-s∏-´-hs\\ th´-bm-Sp∂ {]iv\\-am-Wn∂v hne-°-b- ‰w. hne°- b- ‰w ]mhs- ∏´- h- cpw \\n›nX- h- c- pa- m\\- °- mc- pa- mb- h- c- n¬\\n∂v kº-∂-cn-te-°p≈ hcp-am\\ ]p\\¿hn-X-c-W-Øn-\\n-S-bm-°p∂ {]{In- b-bm-Wv. C¥y-bnse C∂sØ hne-°-b‰w {][m-\\-ambpw {]I-S-am- Ip∂- Xv `£yh- kvXp°- f- psS ImcyØ- ne- mW- v. hne°- b- ‰- Ø- n\\p Imc- W-am-Ip-∂-Xm-Is´ Dul-°-®-hSw t{]m’m-ln-∏n-°p∂ Ah-[n-hym- ]mc- w, Nn√d hn¬]\\ taJe- b- nse IpØI- I- f- psS {]thi- \\- w, s]mXp- hn-X-cW irwJ-esb Zp¿_-e-s∏-Sp-ج XpS-ßnb tI{µ-\\-b-ß-fm- Wv. Cu \\-b-ß-fn-sem∂pw am‰w hcp-Øp∂Xns‚ kqN-\\-Iƒ _P- ‰ne- n√- . bYm¿∞Ø- n¬ hne°- b- ‰w t\\c- nS- m≥ tI{- µk- ¿°m¿ kzoI- cnt- °≠ ASnb- ¥- c \\S]- Sn s]mXph- nX- c- W kwhn[- m\\- sØ km¿h- {XnI- a- m°- pI F∂Xpw AXne- qsS Ipd™ hne°v `£y[- m\\- yß- ƒ e`y-am-°pI F∂-Xp-am-Wv. AXn\\v `£y-k-_vknUn KWy-ambn h¿≤n∏- nt- °≠- X- p≠- .v F∂m¬ AXp≠- mb- n√- . 2007˛- 08˛- ¬ 31546 tImSn- cq]- b- mWv k_vknU- n°v \\o°ns- h®- s- X¶- n¬ ]pXnb _P‰- n¬ AXv shdpw 32667 tImSn cq] am{X-am-Wv. Npcp-ßn-bXv 10,000 tImSn-sb- ¶nepw h¿≤\\ Bh-iy-am-bn-SØv 1000 tImSn cq]-bpsS h¿≤-\\, ap≥h¿j-tØ-°mƒ 3.5% am{Xw.

68 aqe-[\\w aXw cm{„obw Fw.-_n. cmtPjv ]W-s∏-cp∏ \\nc°v 6.4 iX-am-\\-am-sW-∂n-cnt° `£y-k-_vkn- Un-bn¬ bYm¿∞ h¿≤\\ C√ F∂m-W¿∞w. hne-°-b‰w cq£- am°- m\\- nS- b- m°- nb as‰mcp \\S]- Sn s]t{Smf- nbw D¬∏∂- ß- f- psS hne- h¿≤\\- b- mW- .v s]t{Smf- nbw D¬∏∂- ß- ƒ°tv a¬ G¿s∏S- pØ- nb- n´- p≈ tI{µ \\nIp-Xn-I-fpsS LS\\ ]q¿Æ-ambpw s]mfn-s®-gp-X-W-sa∂pw AXp-hgn hne Ipd-bv°-W-sa∂pw CS-Xp-]£w Bh-iy-s∏-´n-cp-∂p. F∂m¬ C‘\\- h- ne- b- n¬ Fs¥¶- nepw Ipdhp hcpØ- m≥ klmb- n- °mØ Nne am‰-ß-fmWv hcp-Øn-b-Xv. ka-{K-amb \\nIpXn LS\\m ]p\\xk- wL- S- \\ D≠mb- n√- . -sXmgn-en-√mbva BtKm-f-h¬°-cW \\b-ß-fpsS {]Xym-LmXw sXmgn¬ clnX hf¿®-bn¬\\n∂v sXmgn¬ \\jvS-s∏-Sp-Øp∂ hf¿®-bn-te°v FØn \\n¬°p-I-bm-Wv. kzIm-cy, s]mXp-ta-J-e-I-fnepw k¿°m¿ k¿ho- knepw sXmgn¬ CSn-™psh∂mWv IW-°p-Iƒ. Im¿jnI {]Xn- k‘n {KmaoW sXmgn-e-h-k-c-ß-fpsS e`yX KWy-ambn Ipd-®n-cn- °p-∂p. CtXm-sSm∏w Im¿jn-tI-Xc sXmgn-e-h-k-c-߃IqSn Ipd- bpt- ºmƒ kw`h- n°- p∂- Xv h≥XI- ¿®b- mW- .v CXns‚ ^ea- mbn _lp- `q-cn-]£w P\\-ß- -fpsS hcp-am-\\hpw IpØs\\ Xmgv∂n-cn-°p-∂p. C- ¥y-bnse 80 tImSn a-\\p-jy¿ Pohn-°p-∂Xv {]Xn-Zn\\w 20 cq]-bn¬ Ipd™ hcp-am\\w sIm≠m-sW∂v A¿Pp≥sk≥ Kp]vX IΩn‰n Nq≠n°- mW- n°- p∂- p. Cu PohnX XI¿®bv°v Bizmk- t- aI- m≥ IqSp- X¬ sXmgn¬ Ah-k-c-߃ krjvSn-°pI F-∂-XmWv Hcp t]mwh- gn. ]t£ B hgn tXSp∂ Hcp \\S-]-Snbpw _P-‰n¬ C√. kmº- ØnI hf¿®s- b°- pd- n®v s]cpº- d- b- S- n°- pt- ºmgpw \\nba- \\- \\- nt- cm[- \\w ]n≥h-en-°p-∂-Xns‚ bmsXmcp kqN-\\bpw _P‰v \\¬Ip-∂n-√. tZiob s]mXp-an-\\naw ]-cn-]m-Sn-bn¬ CS-Xp-]-£-Øns‚ \\n¿_- ‘_- p≤- ns- bØ- pS- ¿∂v Dƒs∏S- pØ- nb- X- mWv tZiob sXmgne- pd- ∏v ]≤- Xn. BZy-L-´-Øn¬ tIm¿]-td‰v am[y-a-ßfpw tIm¨{Kkpw ]≤- Xnsb ]mgv®-ehv F∂mWv Bt£-]n-®n-cp-∂-Xv. F∂m¬ ]≤Xn {KmaoW C¥yb- n¬ krjvSn® {]XnI- c- Ww tIm¨{Kk- n\\v AXns‚ h‡m-°-fmbn Na-bm≥ t{]cW \\¬In. sXc-s™-Sp-∏ns‚ ]›m- Øe- Ø- n¬ F√m {KmaoW Pn√I- f- nt- e°pw ]≤Xn hym]n∏- n°- psa∂v

69Fw.-_n. cmtPjv aqe-[\\w aXw cm{„obw NnZw-_cw _P-‰n¬ {]Jym-]n-®p. ]≤Xn hym]n-∏n®p F∂p hcp-Øn- Øo¿°p∂X- ne- qsS thm´v am{Xa- mWv e£yw. sXmgne- h- k- c- ß- ƒ IqSp- X¬ krjvSn-°m≥ Ign-bp∂ Hcp taJe; sNdp-InS hyh-km-b-ß-fm- Wv. kmº-ØnI \\b-ß-fpsS ^e-ambn XI¿® t\\cn-Sp∂ sNdp-InS hyh-kmb taJ-esb ]p\\-cp-≤-cn-°m-\\p≈ ^e-{]-Z-amb \\S-]-Sn-Iƒ kzoI-cn-°m-Xn-cn-°pI hgn Ipd-s®-¶nepw sXmgn¬ krjvSn-°m-\\p≈ km[yX \\jvS-s∏-Sp-Øp-I-bmWv NnZw-_cw sNbvX-Xv. kmaq-ly-t- a-J-e-Iƒ hnZym`- ymkw, BtcmKyw XpSß- nb kmaql- yt- aJ- e- I- f- nepw s]mXp- an\\- naw ]cn]- mS- nb- nse hmKvZm\\- ß- t- fmSv \\oXn]- pe- ¿Øp∂ kao]- \\w tI{µ [\\a- {- ¥nb- n¬ \\n∂p≠- mb- n√- . {]mYa- nI hnZym`- ymk- Ø- n\\- p≈ hnlnX- Ø- ns‚ h¿≤\\ 7.3% amW.v ]Ws- ∏c- p∏ \\nc°v 6.4% BsW∂ Xv IW-°n-se-Sp-Øm¬ h¿-≤\\ ^e-Øn¬ Gsd-°psd iq\\y-am-Wv. s]mXp-an-\\naw ]cn-]m-Sn-bnse hmKvZm\\w tZiob hcp-am-\\-Øns‚ 6% hnZym`- ymk- Ø- n\\v \\¬Ipw F∂X- mW- .v bp.]n.F Kh¨sa‚ v \\mehv ¿ jw ]q¿Øn-bm°m-\\n-cnt° Cu kp{]-[m\\ hmKvZm-\\-Øns‚ ]mXn- hgnt- ]mepw ]q¿Ønb- m°- nb- n´- n√- . kmºØ- nI k¿t∆b- \\- pk- c- n®v 2006˛ 07 ¬ hnZym`- ymk- Ø- n\\- p≈ hnlnXw tZiob hcpa- m\\- Ø- ns‚ 2.88 iXam- \\a- mb- nc- p∂- Xv 2007˛- 08¬ 2.84 iXa- m\\- a- mbn Ipdb- pI- b- mW- p≠- mb- X- v! Btcm-Ky-c- w-KsØ {][m-\\-]-≤Xnbmb tZiob {KmaoW Btcm- Kya- nj- \\- p≈ hnlnX- Ø- n¬ hcpØ- nb h¿≤\\ 12% am{Xw. cmPyØ- ns‚ hºn® Bh-iy-ß-fp-ambn Xmc-X-ay-s∏-S- p-Øn-bm¬ F{Xtbm Xp—w. sF.k- n.U- n.F- k- v. km¿h{- XnI- a- m°- pI F∂Xv CSX- p]- £w D∂b- n® Bh-iy-am-bn-cp-∂p. CXn\\pw Bh-iy-amb hnlnXw _P-‰n¬ \\o°n- sh-®n-´n-√. a‰p t£a-]-≤-Xn-I-fpsS Imcy-Ønepw tI{µ-_-P‰v s]mXpth Zcn{- Za- mW- v. AkwL- S- nX taJe- b- nse sXmgne- mf- nI- ƒ°v BtcmKy C≥jp-d≥kv ]≤-Xn-°p≈ \\ma-am-{X-amb Hcp hnlnXw am{Xa- mWv FSpØp ]db- m\\- p≈- X- v. 35 tImSn hcp∂ AkwL- S- nX- t- a- Jem sXmgn-em-fn-I-fpsS t£a-Øn-\\mbn ka-{K-amb kmaq-ly-kp-c- £m-]-≤Xn thW-sa∂ Bhiyw \\nd-th-‰p-∂-Xn\\v CXv Xo¿Øpw A]c- ym]- vXa- mW- v.

70 aqe-[\\w aXw cm{„obw Fw.-_n. cmtPjv kwÿm\\ _P-‰nse _Z¬ \\bw CS-Xp-]£w Gsd-°m-e-ambn {]N-cn-∏n-°p∂ _Z¬ \\b-ßfpw Cu h¿jsØ tI{µ-_-P-‰n-\\p-ap-ºmbn \\¬Inb Ipdn-∏nse \\n¿t±- i-ßfpw tXmakv sFk-°ns‚ kwÿm\\ _P-‰n¬ CSw t\\-Sn-bn-cn- °p∂p F∂v ImWm-\\m-hpw. ISm-izmk \\nb-ahpw IΩo-j\\pw cq]o- I-cn-®v, C¥y-°msI amXr-I-bmb CS-Xp-]-£-P-\\m-[n-]Xy ap∂Wn k¿°m¿ Cu h¿jhpw ISm-izm-k-Øn-\\mbn 50 tImSn cq] \\o°n- sh-®n-cn-°p-∂p. ]in-e-bn-f-hn-\\mbn 180 tImSn cq] k¿°m¿ sNe-h- gn®p F∂pw _P‰v hy‡a- m°- p∂- p. Irjn°pw A\\p-_-‘-ta-J-e-Iƒ°p-ambn 365 tImSn cq] ]≤Xn hnlnX- a- mbn \\o°ns- h®- X- ne- qsS Im¿jnIc- wK- sØ s]mXpa- pX- ¬ap- S-°n-\\mWv [\\-a{¥n Du∂¬ \\¬Ip-∂-Xv. CXn-\\p-]p-dsa sXmgn-ep- d∏p ]≤-Xn-bpsS `mK-ambn 200 tImSn cq] Im¿jnI taJe-bn¬ sNeh- g- n°- ps- a∂pw _P‰- n¬ ]db- p∂- p. tI{µ _P- ‰- n¬ ImWmØ- Xpw kwÿm\\ _P‰- n¬ Dƒs∏S- pØ- nb- X- pa- mb kp{][- m\\- a- mb \\n¿t±iw hneÿ- nc- Xm ^≠v cq]oI- c- n°- ps- a∂- p≈- X- mW- v. ISw FgpX- nØ- ≈- p- ∂- X- n\\- ∏- pdw Im¿jnI {]Xnk- ‘- nb- psS ASnÿ- m\\ {]i\\v ß- sf A`n- kw-t_m-[\\ sNøp∂ CS-Xp-]£ _Z¬ \\ne-]m-SmWv CXn¬ {]Xn- ^-en-°p∂- -Xv. s\\√v kw`c- Ww i‡n-s∏S- p-Øps- a∂ {]Jym]- \\- hpw {it≤b- a- m-Wv. hne-°-b‰w t\\cn-Sp-∂-Xn¬ hn]-Wn-bn¬ CS-s]-Sm≥ I¨kyq-a¿ s^Un\\pw kssπ-tImbv°pw ]cn-[n-bn-√mØ klmbw {]Jym-]n-®- Xn-eqsS tI{µ-\\-b-Øn¬ \\n∂v hyXy-kvX-amb \\ne-]m-SmWv hy‡- amh- p∂- X- v. tI{µw ^e{- ]Z- a- mbn ssIImcyw sNømX- nc- p∂ Kuch- t- a- dnb Cu {]i\\v w kwÿm\\ _P‰v [oca- mbn t\\cnS- pI- b- mW- .v tImtfPv A[ym-]-I-cpsS 642 Dw hn F®v Fkv kn A[ym-]-I-cpsS 400 Dw ]pXnb XkvXnI- I- ƒ krjvSn®- X- ne- qsS \\nba- \\ \\ntcm[- \\w XpSc- p∂ tI{µ-\\-b-hp-ambn kwÿm\\ _P‰v hgn-]n-cn-bp-I-bm-Wv. sXmgn-ep-d- ∏p-]-≤-Xn°v kwÿm\\ hnln-X-ambn 50 tImSn cq] \\o°n-sh-®- Xpw {it≤b- a- mb- n. s]mXpt- aJ- em \\hoI- c- W- w, ]cº- c- mK- X- t- aJ- e- °- p≈ Du∂¬, Sqdn-kw, sF.-Sn. F∂n-h°p \\¬Inb h¿≤n® klmbw F∂nh- s- b√mw sXmgne- h- k- c- ß- ƒ krjvSn°- m≥ klmb- I- a- mh- pw.

71Fw.-_n. cmtPjv aqe-[\\w aXw cm{„obw tI{µ_- P- ‰- n¬ \\n∂v hyXyk- vXa- mb- n, kwÿ- m\\ _P‰- ns‚ apJy- k-hn-ti-jX t£a-]-≤-Xn-Iƒ-°p≈ {]m[m-\\y-am-Wv. F√m t£a s]≥j-\\p-I-fn-ep-ap≈ h¿≤-\\, {]hm-kn-Iƒ, a{Zkm A[ym-]-I¿ F∂nh- c- pƒs∏sS ]pXnb hn`mK- ß- ƒ°p≈ s]≥j≥ ]≤X- nI- fpw t£a-\\n-[n-I-fpw, tIcf ka{K BtcmKy C≥jp-d≥kv ]≤-Xn, kmaqly kpc£m anj≥, Ip´nI- ƒ°p≈ Im≥k¿ kpc£- mk- vIow F∂n-ßs\\ \\nc-h[n kmaq-ly-kp-c£m ]≤-Xn-I-fmWv tIcf _P- ‰n¬ D≈-Xv. k®m¿ IΩn‰n ip]m¿i \\S-∏m-°m-\\p≈ ^≠v, ]mh- s∏´ ap…nw s]¨Ip-´n-Iƒ°p≈ {]tXyI kvtImf¿jn-∏v, e£w hoSv ]p\\-cp-≤m-cWw F∂n-hbpw FSpØp ]d-tb-≠-h-bm-Wv. hnZym- `ymk- w, Ie, kwkvImcw, kvt]m¿Svkv F∂nh- s- °√- ma- p≈ hIb- nc- p- Ø-ep-I-fnepw KWy-amb h¿≤-\\-hp-≠m-bn-´p-≠v. Irjn, s]mXp-t- a-Jem hyh-km-b-߃, ]cºcm-KX hyh-km-bw, kmaq-ly-kp-c-£m-]-≤-Xn-Iƒ F∂n-h-°p≈ {]m[m\\yw kwÿm\\ _P‰- ns\\ CSX- p]- £- _Z¬ \\ne]- mS- pI- f- psS {]tbmK ]≤X- nb- m°n am‰p-∂p. CXv km[y-am-°n-b-Xm-Is´ kwÿm\\ k¿°m-cns‚ Npcp- - ßnb A[nI- mc- ]- c- n[- n°- I- Øp \\n∂ps- Im≠p hcpa- m\\w h¿≤n∏- n®- p- s- Im≠- pa- mW- v. A[n-Im-c-ta-‰-bp-S≥ kwÿm-\\-Øns‚ kmº-ØnI {]Xn-k‘n hnh-cn-®p-sIm≠v sFkIv \\S-Ønb {]Jym-]\\w CØ-cp-W-Øn¬ {it≤-b-am-Wv F∂v A∂v sFkIv {]Jym-]n-®p. kmº-ØnI {]Xn- k‘- nb- psS t]cn¬ sNehp Npcp°- pI- b- n√; hcpa- m\\w Iq´n sNehpw Iq-´pw. ap≠p apdp-°n-b- p-Sp-°m≥ Blzm\\w sNbvX B‚-Wn-bn¬ \\n∂v hyXyk- Xv a- mb B \\ne]- mS- ns‚ {]tbmK- h- ¬°c- W- a- mWv CØ- hW _P-‰pw. NnZw-_-c-am-Is´ \\nIpXn hcp-am-\\-Øn¬ 17.5% iX- am\\w h¿≤\\hv {]Xo£- n°- pt- ºmƒ dh\\yq sNeh- n¬ 12.2% hpw aqe- [\\- s- Ne- h- n¬ 8.8% hpw am{Xw h¿≤\\- hv hn`mh- \\w sNøp∂- p. ]Ww sNeh- g- n°- msX ]nip°p ImWn°- p∂- X- ns‚ cm{„obw \\he- n_- d- ¬ \\bß- f- pt- SX- mW- v. NnZw_- c- Ø- ns- ‚bpw sFk°- ns- ‚bpw hcpa- m\\ t{kmX - pI- f- nepw hyXymkw ImWmw. [\\nI- ¿ \\¬t- I≠ {]Xy£- \\- nI- pX- nI- s- fm∂pw Iq´ms- Xbpw Hmlc- n°- t- ºmf- Ø- nse Zo¿LI- me- a- qe- [- \\ em`Ø- n\\p

72 aqe-[\\w aXw cm{„obw Fw.-_n. cmtPjv \\nIpXn G¿s∏-Sp-Øm-sXbpw ]pXp-Xmbn XpS-ßp∂ Ãm¿ tlm´-ep- Iƒ°v \\nIp-Xn-bn-f-hp-Iƒ {]-Jym-]n®pw hcp-am\\w h¿≤n-∏- n®v IqSp- X¬ sNeh- g- n°- m\\- p≈ Ahk- cw NnZw_- cw ]mgm°- pI- b- mb- nc- p∂- p. kwÿm\\ _P-‰n¬ G¿s∏-Sp-Ønb \\nIpXnIfm-hs´ kº-∂sc am{Xw _m[n-°p-∂-Xm-Wv. Nn√d hn¬]\\ taJ-e-bnse IpØ-I- Iƒ°p≈ \\nIpX- n°v k¿Nm¿P,v 1000 cq]b- n¬ IqS- pX- ¬ hmSI- b- p≈ Bip-]{Xn apdn°v BUw-_c \\nIp-Xn, t]∏¿ tem´dn-°p≈ Iq-Snb \\nIpXn F∂n-h-sbm∂pw km[m-c-W-°msc _m[n-°p-∂-X-√. Npcp- °n∏- d- ™- m¬ hn`h- k- a- ml- c- W- Øns‚bpw sNe- h- g- n°- p∂- X- ns- ‚bpw Imcy-Øn¬ c≠p _-P- -‰p-Ifpw ]pe¿Øp∂Xv hncp≤ kao-]-\\-ß-fm- Wv. tI{µ _P‰v P\\-{]n-b-X-bpsS ad-hn¬ \\h-en-_-d¬ \\b-߃ Hfn-®p-I-S-Øp-tºmƒ kwÿm\\ _P‰v B \\b-߃°p≈ CS-Xp- ]£ _Z¬ [oc-ambn apt∂m´p sh°p-I-bm-Wv. bph-[mc, 2008 am¿®v

73Fw.-_n. cmtPjv aqe-[\\w aXw cm{„obw _P‰v: hn]-Wn-bpsS BtLm-j-am-Ip-tºmƒ \"\"[[a{¥n tIm¿]-td‰v C¥y-bpsS (India Inc.) kn -C- H Bbn- ´mtWm AtXm shdpw cm{„o-b-°m-c-\\m-bn-´mtWm {]h¿Øn-°pI?'' _-P-‰n\\p apºp≈ N¿®-Iƒ°v kn F≥ _n kn Nm\\¬ \\¬Inb ]cky hmN-I-am-Wn-Xv. B tNmZy-Øn\\v A¬∏w-t]mepw kwibw Ah-ti-jn-∏n-°msX _P-‰n-eqsS {]W_v apJ¿Pn adp-]Sn \\¬In- bnc- n°- p∂- p. XnI™ cm{„ob- °- mc- \\- mb {]W_v _P‰- ne- qsS sXfn- bn-®-Xv, Xm≥ tIm¿]-td‰v C¥y-bpsS kn C H Bbn ]cn-W-an-®n-cp- °p∂p F∂X- mW- v. hgn-sbm-cp°p-∂-Xm¿°v {]W_v apJ¿Pnb- psS _P‰- ns‚ Znibpw e£yhpw F¥ms- W∂v At±-l-Øns‚ _P‰v {]kw-K-Øns‚ JfinI 11,12 F∂nh Ak- ∂n-Kv[ambn hy‡-am-°p-∂p-≠v. At±lw ]d-bp-∂p, \"kmº-ØnI ]cn-jvIm-c-ß-fp-sSbpw hnI-k-\\-Øn-s‚bpw ^e-ambn kmº-ØnI {]h¿-Ø-\\-Øns‚ Du∂¬ Kh¨sa‚n-Xc LS-I-ß-fn-te°v (non governmental actors) amdn-bn-cn-°p-∂p. k¿°m-cns‚ tdmƒ CXn\\v hgns- bmc- p°- p∂ H∂mbn IqSpX¬ amdnb- nc- n°- p∂- p. hgns- bmc- p°- p∂ Kh¨s- a‚ v P\\ß- ƒ°v Bhi- ya- p≈- s- X√mw t\\cn´v e`ya- - m°- m≥ {ian- °p-I-bn√' F∂p IqSn ]d-bp-tºmƒ Xs‚ _P-‰ns‚ XXz-im-kv{X- sas¥∂v hy‡-am-°p-I-bmWv At±-lw. B XXz-imkv{Xw \\h en_-d-en-k-Øn-t‚-X-√msX as‰m-∂p-a-√.

74 aqe-[\\w aXw cm{„obw Fw.-_n. cmtPjv apJ¿Pn ]db- p∂ Cu Kh¨sa‚nXc LSI- ß- ƒ Bsc√- ma- mWv? tIm¿]-td‰v i‡n-Ifpw hntZ-i-aq-e- -[-\\hpw Xs∂. \\nIp-Xn-bn-f-hp-I- -fn-eq-sSbpw s]mXp-ta-Jem Hml-cn-hn¬∏-\\-bn-eq-sSbpw k_vkn-Un- Iƒ sh´n®- pc- p°- nb- X- ne- qs- Sbpw kztZi- n˛ hntZin aqe[- \\- Ø- ns‚ Bh- iy-߃ A-t±lw \\nd-th-‰n-bn-´p-≠v. Xs‚ {]kw-K-Øns‚ JfinI 36¬ hntZ-i-aq-e-[-\\-tØm-Sp≈ {]oW-\\-\\bw ad-bn-√m-sX-Xs∂ At±lw {]I-Sn-∏n-°p-∂p. {]Xy-£ hntZ-i-\\n-t£]\\bw IqSp-X¬ User friendly B°m≥ k¿°m¿ Dt±i- n°- p∂- ps- h∂pw CXv hntZi- \\- n- t£-]-I¿°v \\ΩpsS \\b-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ hy‡-Xbpw {]h-N-\\m-fl- I-Xbpw h¿≤n-∏n-°p-sa∂pw apJ¿Pn hmKvZm\\w \\¬-Ip-∂p. tIm¿]-td‰v C¥y°pw hntZi aqe-[-\\-Øn\\pw kpK-a-amb hgn- sbm-cp-°n-s°m-Sp-°m-\\p≈ D]-I-c-W-ambn _P-‰ns\\ D]-tbm-Kn-°p- I-bmWv [\\-a{¥n sNbvXn-´p-≈-Xv. F√m apJy-[mcm am[y-a-ß- fpw Ah-bn¬ hnZ-Kv≤m-`n-{]m-b-ß-fp-ambn BSn-Øn-an¿Ø tIm¿]-td‰v knCH amcpw [\\I- mcy hnZK- v≤cpw [\\a- {- ¥n°- pt- a¬ {]iwk sNmcn- ™-Xns‚ ImcWw thsdm-∂p-a-√. Fcn-Xo-bn¬ FÆ-sbm-gn®v Cu _P‰v Ah-X-cn-∏n-°-s∏-Sp-∂Xv cmPyw AXn-cq-£-amb hne- °-b-‰-Øn-s‚bpw Im¿jn-I-Ø-I¿®-bp-sSbpw hnh-c-Wm-Xo-X-amb sISpX- nI- ƒ A`na- pJ- oI- c- n® kµ- ¿`Ø- ne- mb- nc- p∂- p. hne°- b- ‰- Ø- ns‚, {]tXyI- n®v `£yh- ne- °- b- ‰- Ø- ns‚ tXmXv am‰a- n√- msX amkß- t- fm- f-ambn XpS-cp-I-bm-Wv. `£y hne-°-b-‰-Øns‚ tXmXv 20 iX-am-\\- Øn-\\-Sp-Øm-Wv. Im¿jnI hf¿-®m-\\n-c°m-hs´ ˛0.2 iX-am-\\-ambn CSn-™n-cn-°p-∂p. tZiob hcp-am-\\-Øn¬ (Pn-Un-]n) Im¿jn-I-ta-J- e-bpsS ]¶pw KWy-ambn CSn-™n-´p-≠v. 2007-˛08¬ tZiob hcp-am- \\Øns‚ 16.4 iX-am\\w Irjn-bn¬ \\n∂m-bn-cp-s∂-¶n¬ 2008-˛09¬ AXv 15.4 iXa- m\\- a- mbn Ipd™- p. P\\ß- f- n¬ 70 iXa- m\\w Irjnsb B{i-bn®v Ign-bp∂ C¥y-bn¬ Ah¿°v samØ-h-cp-am-\\-Øns‚ 15 iXa- m\\w sIm≠v Xr]vXnb- S- t- b≠- nh- c- p∂- p. Cu bmYm¿∞yw IW- °ns- eSp°- pt- ºmg- mWv {]W_v apJ¿Pn Du‰ws- Im≈- p∂ kmºØ- nI hf¿®b- psS h¿§ ]£]- mX- nXzw hy‡a- mI- p∂- X- .v kmºØ- nI amµy- Øn¬\\n∂v AXnt- hKw hos≠S- p∏v \\SØ- ns- b∂pw hf¿®m\\- nc- °v 7.2

75Fw.-_n. cmtPjv aqe-[\\w aXw cm{„obw iX-am-\\-ambn F∂pw Ah-Im-i-s∏-Sp-tºmƒ P\\-kw-Jy-bnse _lp- `q-cn-]-£hpw CXn\\v ]pd-Øm-sW∂pw \"Dƒs°m-≈p∂ hf¿®' (Inclusive Growth) F∂ bp ]n FbpsS ]Xnhp ]√hn bmYm¿∞y- Øn¬ \\n∂v F{X hnZq-c-Øm-sW∂pw sXfn-bp-∂p. Im¿jnI- Ø- I- ¿®- bpw hne°- b- ‰- hpw P\\ß- sf IqSpX- ¬ Zmcn{- Zy- Øn-te°v X-≈n-hn-Sp-I-bm-Wv. {]Xn-io¿j hm¿jnI `£y-[m\\y e`yX kzmX{¥y ]q¿hI- me- sØ \\neb- nt- e°v ]Xn®- nc- n°- p∂- p F∂v ]T-\\-ßfpw IW-°p-Ifpw shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p. cmPysØ Irjn-°m- cn¬ 70 iX-am-\\hpw `£y-[m-\\y-߃ hne-sIm-SpØv hmßp-∂-h-cm- Wv. I¿jI IpSpw-_-ß-fpsS {]Xn-io¿j amk-h-cp-am-\\-Øns‚ 60 iX-am\\whsc `£-W-Øn\\p am{X-ambn sNe-h-gn-t°-≠n-h-cn-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. hne-°-b-‰hpw Im¿jn-I-Ø-I¿®bpw kmam\\y P\\Pohn- XsØ F{X AKm[- a- mbn _m[n°ps- a∂v Cu hkvXpX- I- ƒ \\ap°v ap∂d- nb- n∏v Xcp∂- p. Cu ]®b- mb bmYm¿∞yß- ƒ IW°- ns- eS- pØ- ps- Im≠v hne°- - b-‰hpw Im¿jn-I-Ø-I¿®bpw t\\cn-Sm≥ kaq¿Ø-amb Nne \\S-]-Sn- Iƒ _P‰v {]Jym]- n°- ps- a∂v {]Xo£- n®- h- sc sR´n®- ps- Im≠v t\\¿hn- ]-co-X-amb \\S-]-Sn-I-fmWv [\\-a{¥n kzo-I-cn-®-Xv. Akw-kvIrX s]t{Sm-fn\\v A©v iX-am-\\hpw IÃwkv Xocp-hbpw AXn-\\p-]p-dsa s]t{Sm-fn\\pw Uok-en-\\pw en‰-dn\\v Hmtcm cq] hoXw FIvsskkv Xocp-hbpw Npa-Ønb \\S-]Sn A£-cm¿∞-Øn¬ P\\-ß-tfm-Sp≈ bp≤{- ]J- ym]- \\w Xs∂b- mb- n. Ct∏mg- sØ hne°- b- ‰- Ø- ns‚ tXmXv h¿≤n∏- n°- m\\pw P\\P- oh- nXw IqSpX- ¬ ZpcnX- ]- q¿Æa- m°- m\\pw am{Xta CXnS- b- m°q F∂d- nb- m≥ [\\i- mkv{X ]mfi- nXyw H´pta Bhi- ya- n- √. A-\\p-`-h-߃ Cu ]mTw ]e-t∏mgpw ]Tn-∏n-®n-´p-≠v. Ah-iy-h- kXv p°- ƒ Gsdbpw A\\yk- wÿ- m\\- ß- f- n¬ \\n∂v htc≠ tIcfsØ FÆh- ne- h- ¿≤\\ Ipds- ®m∂- pa- √ ZpcnX- Ø- ne- mg- vØpI- . hne°- b- ‰- sØ t\\cnS- m≥ {]mYa- nI- a- mbn kzoIc- nt- °≠- nb- nc- p∂ \\S-]Sn `£y-k-_vknUn h¿≤n-∏n-°p-Ibpw s]mXp-hn-X-cW kwhn- [m\\w i‡ns- ∏S- pØ- pI- - b- pa- mb- nc- p∂- p. F∂m¬ hnNn{- Xs- a∂p ]db- - s´, `£y k_vknUn ap≥ h¿jsØ 56002 tImSn cq]-bn¬ \\n∂v 55578 tImSn cq]b- mbn sh´n°- pd- b- v°pI- b- mWv sNbvXX- v. 424 tImSn cq]b- psS Cu Ipdhv \\mWb- s- ∏c- p∏- \\- nc- °- nse h¿≤\\ IqSn IW°n-

76 aqe-[\\w aXw cm{„obw Fw.-_n. cmtPjv se-Sp-°p-tºmƒ IqSp-X¬ hym]vXn-bp-≈-Xm-bn-Øo-cp-∂p. s]mXp-hn- X-cW kwhn-[m\\w s]mfn-®-Sp-°m-\\p≈ KqVm-tem-N\\ Cu _P‰v \\n¿t±i- ß- f- n¬ \\nge- n°- p∂- p≠- .v tI{µ k¿°mc- ns‚ sh≈w tN¿Ø IW-°-\\p-k-cn®v 6.52 tImSn-bmWv Zmcn-{Zy-tc-J-bv°p- Xm-sg-bp-≈-h- cpsS Ct∏mg- sØ FÆw. CXv 5.91 tImSnb- mbn Ipdb- v°W- s- a∂- mWv tI{µw \\n¿t±i- n®- n´- p≈- X- .v AtXk- a- bw A¿Pp≥sk≥Kp]Xv IΩn‰n am-{X-a-√, kptcjv sS≠p¬°¿ IΩn-‰nbpw \\mIvtk\\ IΩn-‰n-bp- sa√mw IW-°m-°n-bn-´p≈ Zcn-{Z-cpsS FÆw k¿°m¿ IW-°n-t\\- °mƒ ]ea- S- ßv IqSpX- e- mW- v. F∂m¬ Cu bmYm¿∞yß- s- fm∂pw {]W_v apJ¿PnbpsS _P-‰ns\\ kv]¿in-°p∂n√. Irjn-tbmSv NXn Im¿-jnI taJ-ebv°v _P‰v hm-cn-t°mcn \\¬In F∂ hymP-{]- N-cWw kwL-Sn-X-ambn \\S-Øp-∂p-≠v. F¥mWv hkvXp-X-sb∂v t\\m°mw. Irjn°pw A\\p_- ‘ taJe- I- ƒ°pa- mbn 2008˛- 09¬ \\o°n- sh®- Xv 15.74 iXa- m\\- a- mb- nc- p∂- ps- h¶- n¬ Cu _P‰- n¬ AXv 9.75 iX- am\\- a- mbn sh´n°- pd- ®- nc- n°- p∂- p. samØw B`y¥- t- cm¬∏mZ- \\- Ø- ns‚ (Pn Un]n) ASn-ÿm-\\-Øn¬ t\\m°n-bm¬ 2008-˛09¬ 2.50 iX-am\\w D≠mb- nc- p∂- Xv Ct∏mƒ 1.56 iXa- m\\- a- mbn Ipd™- nc- n°- p∂- p. `£y- [m\\y D¬∏m-Z-\\-Ønse CSn-hn\\pw hne-°-b-‰-Øn\\pw Imc-W-ambn {][m-\\-a-{¥nbpw [\\-a-{¥n-bp-sa√mw Nq≠n-°m-´p-∂Xv hcƒ®-bm-Wv. Cu kmlN- c- yØ- ns- e¶- nepw a¨kqW- ns\\ am{Xw B{ib- n®v Irjn sNøp∂ coXn°v am‰w hcpØ- m\\pw Pet- kN- \\- Ø- n\\- pa- mbn IqSpX- ¬ hnlnXw \\o°ns- h°- pI- bpw sNtø≠- X- t√? F∂m¬ samØw _P- ‰ns‚ shdpw 0.07 iX-am\\w am{X-amWv Pe-tk-N- -\\-Øn\\pw sh≈- s∏m° \\nb-{¥-W-Øn\\pw \\o°n-sh-®n-´- p-≈-Xv. 2004-˛05 apX¬ CXv GXm≠v Cßs- \\X- s∂ XpSc- pI- b- mW- v. CXn\\- p]- pd- t- ab- mWv cmkh- f k_vknUn h≥t- XmX- n¬ sh´n°- pd® \\S]- S- n. 3000 tImSn cq]b- psS Ipd-hmWv cmk-hfw k_vkn-Un-bn¬ hcp-Øn-b-Xv. _P-‰n-\\p-ap-ºp- Xs∂ bqdnb hne 10 iXa- m\\w h¿≤n∏n®- nc- p∂- p. cmkh- f- h- ne \\nb- {¥-W-ap-‡-am-°epw AXp-hgn Nn√d hne \\n›-bn-°m-\\p≈ A[n- Imcw Iº-\\n-Iƒ°v \\¬IpI-bp-amWv e£yw. Ign™ Hcp ZiI- Ø- n\\- p≈- n¬ c≠v e£w I¿jI- ¿ BfllXy

77Fw.-_n. cmtPjv aqe-[\\w aXw cm{„obw sNbvXp-sh∂v HutZym-KnI IW-°p-Iƒ Xs∂ ]d-bp-∂p. IS-s°- Wn-bmWv Cu Bfl-l-Xy-Iƒ°v Imc-Ww. CXn\\v Hcp ]cn[n hsc- sb-¶nepw Bizm-k-ap≠mI-W-sa-¶n¬ Ipd™ ]eni°v Im¿jnI hmbv] e`ya- m°- W- w. Fw Fkv kzman\\- mY- ≥ IΩnj- s‚ \\mev iX- am\\w ]en-i°v Im¿jn-I-hm-bv]-sb∂ ip]m¿i _P‰v ]cn-K-Wn-®- tX-bn-√. [\\-a{¥n BsI sNbvX-Xv, hmbv] IrXy-ambn AS-®p- Xo¿°p∂ I¿jI- ¿°p≈ ]eni- b- nf- hv Bdv iXa- m\\w F∂Xv A©v iXa- m\\- a- m°n Ipd®p F∂X- mW- v. C- X- ps- Im≠v am{Xw I¿jI- c- psS IS-s°-Wn°v ]cn-lm-c-am-In-√. Im¿jn-I-hmbv] 325000 tImSn cq]- bn¬ \\n∂v 375000 tImSn cq]-bmbn h¿≤n-∏n-°p-sa∂v ]d-bp-tºmƒ CXns‚ knwl-`m-Khpw kz¥-am-°p-∂Xv Im¿jn-I-cw-KsØ IpØ- II- f- ms- W∂pw km[mc- W Irjn°- m¿°v Imcya- mb {]tbmP- \\w e`n- °p-∂n-s√-∂p-ap≈ i‡-amb hna¿iw kmbn-\\m-Yn-s\\-t∏m-ep-≈-h¿ D∂b- n°- p∂- Xv {]k‡amW- v. Im¿jnI taJ-esb XI¿®-bn¬\\n∂v c£n-°m≥ \\b-]-c-amb am‰-amWv Bh-iyw. B am‰w \\n¿t±-in-°p-∂n-s√∂p am{X-a-√, Im¿jnI {]Xnk- ‘n cq£a- m°- nb \\hen_d- ¬ \\bß- ƒ IqSpX- ¬ Xo{h-ambn XpS-cp-I-bmWv _P-‰v. Im¿jn-I-cw-KsØ s]mXp-\\n-t£- ]hpw s]mXp-sN-e-hp-Ifpw KWy-ambn h¿≤n∏n-®p-sIm-≠p-am-{Xta Irjn ]p\\c- p≤- c- n°- m≥ Ignb- pI- b- p≈- q. F∂m¬ CXns- \\√mw t\\sc apJw Xncn®p \\n¬°p-I-bmWv _P-‰v. ka{Khnf C≥-jp-d≥kv t]mep≈ kp{]-[m\\ Bh-iy-ßfpw _P‰v ]cn-K-Wn-®n-√. \\·-amb hmKvZm-\\-ew-L\\w hnZym`- ymk- w, BtcmKyw XpSßn kmaql- yt- aJ- e- I- f- nse {Kmah- n- I-k\\ taJ-e-bnepw _P‰v \\ncm-i-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°-bm-Wv. tZiob hcpa- m\\- Ø- ns‚ Bdv iXa- m\\w hnZym`- ymk- Ø- n\\v \\o°ns- h°- ps- a∂v Ign™ bp ]n F Kh¨sa‚ v s]mXpa- n\\- naw ]cn]- mS- nb- n¬ ]d™- n- cp-∂-Xm-Wv. 1966¬ tImØmcn IΩo-j≥ ip]m¿i sNbvX-Xm-Wn-Xv. F∂m¬ Ct∏mgpw Pn Un ]nbpsS 3.23 iX-am\\w am{X-amWv sNe-h- gn°p∂- X- v. 44 h¿ja- mb- n´pw CXmWv ÿnXn. Cu h¿jsØ tI{µ _-P-‰nse hnln-X-am-Is´ PnUn-]n-bpsS shdpw 0.72 iX-am\\w am{X- amWv. tI-{µ-_-P-‰ns‚ 10 iX-am\\w hnZym-`ym-k-Øn-\\mbn \\o°n-sh-

78 aqe-[\\w aXw cm{„obw Fw.-_n. cmtPjv °p-sa-∂mWv Ign™ bp ]n F k¿°m-cns‚ hmKvZm-\\-sa-¶n¬ Cu _P-‰n¬ AXv B hmKvZm-\\-Øns‚ ]Ip-Xn-bn¬ Xmsg (4.5-i-X-am- \\w) am{X-am-Wv. am{X-a-√, hnZym-`ymk Ah-Im-i-\\n-baw \\S-∏m-°m- \\p≈ hIb- nc- pØ- e- ns- \\°- pd- n®v _P‰v au\\w ]men®- nc- n°- b- mW- .v hnZym- `ymk Ah-Im-i-\\n-b-a-Øns‚ KXn F¥m-bn-cn-°p-sa∂ Hcp kqN-\\- bmbn CXv IW-°n-se-Sp-°p-∂-hsc Ip‰-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ Ign-bn-√. CXn- s\\√mw ]pdsa hnZym-`ym-k-w IqSp-X¬ hmWn-Py-h¬°-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂- p≠- v CØh- W- sØ _P‰- v. D∂X- h- nZ- ym`- ymk- c- wK- sØ {]Xy- £-hn-tZ-i-\\n-t£]w kw_‘n® \\nb-{¥-W-߃ \\o°p-sa∂ \\n¿t±iw D∂-X-hn-Zym-`ym-k-cwKw \\hen_-d¬ \\b-߃°v IqSp-X- embn Iogvs∏SpØ- p∂X- ns‚ `mKa- mW- v. PnUn-]n-bpsS 2˛3 iX-am\\w Btcm-Ky-cw-KØv sNe-h-gn-°p-sa-∂- Xm-bn-cp∂p ap≥ bp ]n F k¿°m-cns‚ hmKvZm-\\w. F∂m¬ AXv shdpw 1.06 iXa- m\\w am{Xa- mW- n∂- v. CØh- W- sØ _P‰- n¬ Btcm- Ky-ta-J-e-bpsS hnln-X-Øn¬ 0.2 iX-am-\\-Øns‚ Xp—-amb h¿≤-\\- hm-Wp-≠m-b-Xv. F≥.-B¿-F-®v.-F-Ωn\\v ap≥ h¿jsØ 14002 tImSn cq]b- n¬ \\n∂v 2010˛- 11¬ 15554 tImSn cq]b- mbn h¿≤n∏- n®- ps- h¶- nepw ASnÿ- m\\ kuIc- yh- nI- k- \\- Ø- ns- ‚bpw a\\pj- yh- - n`- h- t- ij- nb- ps- Sbpw h≥-tXm-Xn-ep≈ Bh-iy-߃ IW-°n-s- e-Sp-Øm¬ CXv Imcy-amb h¿≤-\\-b-s√∂v ImWm-\\m-Ipw. tZiob tcmK-\\n-b-{¥-W-]-cn-]m-Sn- °p≈ hnlnXw ap≥h¿jt- Ø°- mƒ 13 tImSnbpw saUn°- ¬ hnZym- `ymk- Ø- n\\- p≈- Xv ap≥h¿jt- ØX- n¬ \\n∂v 577.10 tImSn cq]b- pa- mWv sh´n°- pd- ®- X- v. Fbnwkv amXrI- b- ne- p≈ Bip]- - {- XnI- ƒ ÿm]n°- p- ∂-Xn-\\p≈ hnln-X-Øn¬ 700 tImSn Ipdhp hcp-Øn. tZiob tcmK- \\nb- {- ¥W ]cn]- mS- n°- p≈ XpI sh´n°- pd- ®- X- v s]mXpP- \\- mt- cmK- yc- w- KØv tZmj-^-e-ß-fp-≠m-°pw. ImcWw Cu ]cn-]m-Sn-bpsS ]cn-[n- bn¬ hcp∂ ]e tcmKß- fpw kao]- I- me- Ø- mbn h≥tXmX- n¬ {]Xy- £s- ∏S- p∂- p≠- v. kmaq-ly-kp-c-£°v Ah-K-W\\ sF-kn-Un-Fkv km¿h-{Xn-I-am-°-W-sa-∂Xv Gsd-°m-e-am-bp≈ Bh-iy-am-Wv. F∂m¬ _P-‰n¬ sF kn Un Fkn\\p \\¬In-bn- ´p≈ hnlnXw Cu Bhiyw \\nd-th-‰p-∂-Xn\\v H´pw ]cym-]vX-a-√.

79Fw.-_n. cmtPjv aqe-[\\w aXw cm{„obw 2012 BIp-tºm-tgbv°v sF kn Un Fkv km¿h-{Xn-I-am-°p-sa-∂m- bnc- p∂p bp ]n F k¿°mc- ns‚ hmKvZm\\- w. CXn\\v th≠nh- c- ps- a∂v IW-°m-°n-bn-´p-≈Xv 43000 \\pw 75000 \\p-an-Sbv°v tImSn cq]-bmWv (Peoples Charter of Demands -CBGA New Delhi) F∂m¬ Cu h¿jsØ _P-‰n¬ \\o°n-sh-®-Xm-Is´ 8700 tImSn cq-]am{X-hpw. 2012 BIpt- ºmt- gbv°pw sF kn Un Fkv km¿h{- XnI- a- m°- pI F∂ e£y-Øns‚ Gg-b-e-Øp-t]mepw FØm≥ CXp-sIm-≠m-In-√. \\ΩpsS kaql- -Ønse G‰hpw {]m¥h- ¬°-cn-°s- ∏´- -hcpw ASn- ®a- ¿Øs- ∏´- h- c- pa- mWv ZfnX- cpw BZnh- mk- nI- f- pw. Ch¿°v P\\k- wJ- ym- \\p]- mX- nI- a- mbn hnlnXw \\¬Ipsa∂- mb- nc- p∂p tIm¨{Kk- ns‚ hmKZv m- \\w. F∂m¬ Fkv kn hn`mK- Ø- n\\v A\\ph- Z- n®n´p≈ ]≤X- nh- nl- nXw samØw ]≤-Xn-s®-e-hns‚ 7.19 iX-am\\w am{X-am-Wv. P\\-kw-Jy- bn¬ 16 iX-am\\w hcp∂ ]´n-I-Pm-Xn-°m¿°v AXn\\v B\\p-]m-Xn-I- ambn e`n-t°-≠-Xns‚ ]Ip-Xn-t]mepw _P‰v \\¬Ip-∂n-√. ]´n-I- h¿Kh- n`- mK- Ø- ns‚ ÿnXnbpw hyXyk- vXa- √- , ]´nI h¿§ P\\k- wJy F´v iX-am-\\-am-sW-∂n-cns° Ah¿°v _P-‰n¬ \\o°n-sh-®n-´p-≈Xv samØw ]≤-Xn-b-S-¶-ens‚ 4.30 iX-am\\w am{X-am-Wv. Akw-L-Sn-X-ta-Jem sXmgn-em-fn-I-fpsS kmaq-ly-kp-c-£bv°v \\o°n-sh-®Xv 1000 tImSn cq]-bm-Wv. cmPysØ 35 tImSn hcp∂ AkwL- S- nX- t- aJ- em sXmgne- mf- nI- ƒ°v kmaql- yk- pc- £ Dd∏- m°- m≥ PnUn]- nb- psS 0.39 iXa- m\\w tI{µk- ¿°m¿ \\o°ns- h°W- sa∂mWv CXp kw_‘- n® tZiob IΩoj- ≥ IW°- m°- nb- n´- p≈- X- v. CXv G- Xm≠v 27000 tImSn cq] hcp-sa-∂n-cns° 1000 tImSn cq] \\o°n-sh- ®Xv t]cn\\- p-am-{Xa- ms- W∂v hy‡a- m-Wv. {Kmao-W-`m-c-X-Øn\\v \\ncmi {Kmah- nI- k- \\w , {KmaoW IpSns- h≈ ]≤X- nI- ƒ F∂nh- bpw _P- ‰n¬ Ah-K-Wn-°-s∏-´p. {Kma-hn-I-k-\\-Øn-\\p≈ hnlnXw bYm¿∞- Øn¬ Ipd-bp-I-bm-Wp-≠m-b-Xv. 2010-˛11¬ {Kma-hn-I-k-\\-Øn-\\p≈ _P‰v hnlnX- Ø- n¬ ap≥ h¿jsØ At]£- n®v F´v iXa- m\\- Ø- ns‚ h≥ Ipdh- mWv hcpØ- nb- n´- p≈- X- .v {KmaoW IpSns- h≈ ]≤X- nI- ƒ°pw ipNnXz ]cn]- me- \\- Ø- n\\- pa- - p≈ hnlnXw samØw _P‰- ns‚ 0.85 iX- am\\w am{Xa- mW- .v CXv Ign™ Ggv h¿ja- mbn GXm≠v CtX ÿnXn-

80 aqe-[\\w aXw cm{„obw Fw.-_n. cmtPjv bn¬ apc-Sn®p \\n¬°p-I-bm-Wv. as‰mcp {][m\\ ]≤Xnbmb {][m- \\a{¥n {Kmao¨ kUIv tbmP-\\-°p≈ hnln-X-Øn¬ ap≥ h¿j- tØ-°mƒ h¿≤-\\-bn-√. tdmUv kuIcyw Xosc e`y-a-√mØ 66802 Bhmk- t- I{- µß- ƒ cmPyØ- ps- ≠∂- mWv IW°m°- nb- n´- p≈X- v. Cu Bhmk tI{µ-ß-fn¬ tdmUp-ku-Icyw e`y-am-°-W-sa-¶n¬ 146185 Intem-ao-‰¿ {Kmao-W-t- dm-Up-Iƒ C\\nbpw \\n¿Ωn-°-W-sa∂pw IW- °m-°n-bn-cn-°p-∂p. am{X-a-√, {Kma-hn-I-k\\ a{¥m-e-b-Øns‚ ]≤- XnIfn¬ ^≠v hn\\n-tbm-Kn-°p-∂-Xnepw e£y-߃ ssIh-cn-°p-∂- Xnepw ap∂n¬ \\n¬°p∂- Xp- w ]n Fw Pn Fkv ssh BWv. F∂n´pw ]n Fw Pn Fkv ssh°p≈ hnlnXw H´pw h¿≤n-∏n-°m-Xn-cp-∂Xv Xo¿Øpw \\ncmi- b- p≠- m°- p∂- X- mW- v. ap≥ bp ]n F k¿°mc- ns‚ s]mXpa- n\\- naw ]c- n]- mS- nb- n¬ CSX- p]- - £-Øns‚ \\n¿_‘sØØpS¿∂v Dƒs∏-SpØnbXpw \\S-∏n-em-°n- b-Xp-amb {][m-\\-]-≤-Xn-bmWv F≥ B¿ C Pn Fkv tZiob sXmgn- ep-d∏v ]≤-Xn-°p≈ hnln-X-Øn¬ ap≥ h¿jsØ (2009-˛10) 39100 tImSn CØ-hW 41000 tImSn cq-]bmbn am{X-amWv h¿≤n-∏n-®n-´p-≈- - Xv. cmPysØ F√m Pn-√-I-fnepw tZiob sXmgn-ep-d∏v ]≤Xn ^e- {]Z- a- mbn \\S∏- ne- m°- m≥ Cu h¿≤\\ XnI®pw A]c- ym]- Xv a- mW- .v ^≠v e`y-a-√m-ØXv ]e Pn√-I-fnepw ]≤Xn \\S-∏m-°p-∂-Xn\\v XS- -am- sW∂v ]cmX- nI- f- pb- ¿∂n´- p≠- .v \\nch- [n Pn√I- f- n¬ 100 Znhkw tPmen sImSp-°pI F∂ e£yw ssIh-cn-°m≥ Ign-™n-´n-√. ]Wn-s- b-Sp- Øh- ¿°pXs∂ Iqen e`n°- m≥ _m°nb- ps- ≠∂ ]cmX- nI- fpw hym]- I-am-bn-´p-≠v. am{X-a-√, Im¿jnI {]Xn-k-‘nbpw kmº-ØnI amµyhpw {KmaoW- P- oh- nX- Ø- n\\v G¬∏n® XI¿® t\\cnS- m≥ ^e{- ]- Z-ambn D]-tbm-Kn-°m-hp∂ Hcp D]-I-c-W-amWv tZiob sXmgn-ep-d∏p ]≤Xn. Dd-∏p-\\¬In-b-Xp-t]mse 100 Znhkw tPmenbpw 100 cq] Iqenbpw e`y-am-°m-\\m-bm¬ {Kmao-W-P-\\-X-bpsS hm߬tijn h¿≤n-∏n-°m\\pw Ah¿°v A¬∏w Bizmkw ]I-cm\\pw Ign-bp-am- bnc- p∂p. F∂m¬ aXnb- mb kwJy hIb- nc- pØ- mØ- X- ne- qsS k¿°m- cns‚ h©\\- m]- c- a- mb \\ne]- mSv ]pdØ- ph- ∂- nc- n°- pI- b- mW- v. kº-∂¿°v hmcn-t°mcn Cu _-P-‰ns‚ h¿K-]-£-]m-XnXzw IqSp-X¬ {]I-S-ambn ImWp-

81Fw.-_n. cmtPjv aqe-[\\w aXw cm{„obw ∂Xv hn`h- k- a- ml- c- W- Ø- nepw \\nIpXn \\n¿t±i- Ø- ne- pa- mW- v. s]mXp- taJ- em Hmlcn hn‰g- n°- e- ne- qsS 40000 tImSn cq] kaml- c- n°- m\\- mWv _P‰v e£ya- nS- p∂- X- v. s]mXpk- zØv Npfph- - ne- bv°v ssI°e- m°- m≥ klm-bn-°p∂ Cu \\n¿t±iw IpØ-I-Isf Ipd-s®m-∂p-a√ kt¥m- jn-∏n°p∂-Xv. BkvXn-Iƒ hn‰v sNe-hn-\\p≈ ]Ww Is≠-Øp-∂- Xns‚ A¿∞-im-kv{X-bp‡n P\\-hn-cp-≤-am-Wv. CS-Xp-]- £ ]n¥p- W-bpsS ISpØ kΩ¿±-a- p-≠m-bn-cp∂ H∂mw bp ]n F k¿°m-cn\\v B{Kl- n® coXnb- n¬ \\S∏- ne- m°- m≥ Ignb- ms- Xt- ]mb Hmlc- nh- n¬∏- \\bpw kzIm-cy-h¬°-c-Whpw AXn-th-K-X-bn¬ apt∂m´p \\-bn-°m- \\p≈ hy{KX _P-‰n¬ {]I-S-am-Wv. {]Xy£ \\nIp-Xn-bn-f-hp-I-fpsS ^e-ambn 26000 tImSn cq]-bpsS hcp-am-\\-\\-jvS-ap-≠m-Ip-sa∂v ]d-bp∂ [\\-a{¥n ]tcm-£-\\n-IpXn h¿≤n-∏n-°p-∂- -Xn-eqsS 46500 tImSn cq]-bpsS A[n-I-h-cp-am-\\-ap-≠m- Ip-sa∂pw ]d-bp-∂p. (_-P‰v {]kwKw JfinI 186). F¥m-Wn-Xn\\v A¿∞w? {]Xy-£-\\n-IpXn {][m-\\-ambpw kº-∂-cn¬ \\n∂v CuSm- °p-∂-Xm-Wv. Ah¿°v A\\p-h-Zn-°p∂ Cf-hns‚ ^e-ambn 26000 tImSn cq] k¿°m¿ \\jvSw kln°- p∂- p. ]tcm£- \\- nI- pX- nb- psS `mc- am-Is´ km[m-c-W-°m-cmWv hln-t°-≠n-h-cp-∂-Xv. k-º-∂¿°v sImSpØ 26000 tImSn cq]b- psS \\jvShpw Ign™v ]tcm£- \\- nI- pXn Iq´p∂- X- ne- qsS 46500 tImSn cq] A[nI hcpa- m\\- a- p≠- m°- ps- a∂v [\\- a{¥n ]d-bp-∂-Xn-\\¿∞w km[m-c-W-°m¿°pta¬ 72500 tImSn cq]- bpsS (26000+46500) A[nI- `- mcw ASnt- ®¬∏n°- p∂psh∂- mW- v. IpØ-I-Iƒ°pw kº-∂¿°pw \\nIp-Xn-bn-f-hp-Ifpw kuP-\\y- ßfpw hmcn-t°m-cn-bmWv bp ]n F k¿°m¿ \\¬In-h-cp-∂-Xv. [\\- a-{¥n-bpsS Xs∂ IW-°-\\p-k-cn®v 2008-˛09 ¬ k¿°m¿ Hgn-hm-°n- s°m-SpØ \\nIpXn 4.14 e£w tImSn cq]-bm-Wv. 2009-˛10¬ CXv 5.02 e£w tImSn cq]b- mbn Db¿∂p. (Reciepts Budget Union Budget 2010- 11 Gol)kº∂- ¿°p≈ Cu `oaa- mb Cfh- pI- ƒ 2010˛- 11epw h¿≤n°- p- Itb D≈q. Cßs\\ Cf-hp-Iƒ \\¬Ip-∂-Xns‚ ^e-ambn \\nIpXn ˛ Pn Un ]n A\\p-]mXw ho≠pw CSn-™n-cn-°p-∂p. 2007-˛08¬ CXv 12 iX-am-\\-am-bn-cp-∂psh¶n¬ 2009-˛10 ¬ CXv 10.3 iX-am-\\-ambn Ipd- ™p. (km-º-ØnI k¿sh 2009-˛10). km[y-am-b-Xn-t\\-°mƒ hfsc Ipd™ tXmXne- mWv \\ΩpsS cmPyØv \\nIpXn ]ncn°- p∂- Xv F∂m-

82 aqe-[\\w aXw cm{„obw Fw.-_n. cmtPjv Wv. kº-∂-cn¬ \\n∂v IqSp-X¬ \\nIpXn CuSm°n \\mSns‚ hnI-k- \\-Øn\\pw P\\-ß-fpsS t£a-Øn\\pw D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂-Xn\\v bp ]n F k¿°mcn\\v cm{- „ob C—mi- ‡- nb- n√- . 2010-˛11-se _P-‰n¬ k¿°m-cns‚ samØw sNehv Pn Un]nbpsS 16 iX-am-\\-ambn Ipd-bp-sa-∂mWv IW-°m-°n-bn-´p-≈-Xv. 2009-˛10¬ CXv 16.6 iX-am-\\-am-bn-cp-∂p. [\\-°Ωn Ipd-bv°p-∂-Xns‚ `mK-ambn k_vkn-Un-Ifpw P\\-ß-fpsS t£a-Øn-\\p-X-Ip∂ a‰v sNe-hp-Ifpw sh´n°- pd- ®- X- ns‚ ^ea- mW- nX- .v CXn\\v [\\a- {- ¥nbpw {][m\\- a- {- ¥nbpw ]d-bp∂ \\ymbw ]W-an-s√-∂-Xm-Wv. s]t{Sm-fnbw hne h¿≤-\\hv Hgnh- m°- m≥ th≠nbnc- p∂- Xv 400000 tImSn cq]b- mW- .v 2009˛- 10se \\nIp- Xn-bn-f-hp-Iƒ am{Xw A©v e£w tImSn cq]-bptS-Xm-sW∂v \\mw I≠p. AXns‚ ]{¥-≠n-semcp `mKta s]t{Sm-fnbw hne-h¿≤\\ Hgnh- m°- m≥ Bhi- ya- p≈- q. s]mXph- nX- c- W kwhn[- m\\w km¿h{- XnI- a- m°- m\\pw cmPys- Ø√- m- h¿°pw Ipd™ hnebv°v `£y-[m\\yw e`y-am-°m\\pw th≠n-h- cp∂ A[n-I-k-_vknUn 88363 tImSn cq]-bm-sW∂v IW-°m-°n-bn- cn°- p∂- p. CXn\\v ]Wa- - ns- √∂p ]db- p∂ k¿°m¿ tIm¿]t- d‰v \\nIp- Xn-bn-\\-Øn¬ am{Xw ap≥h¿jw G-I-tZiw C{Xbpw XpI (80000 tImSn cq]) Cfhv \\¬In-bn-´p-≠v. k-_vkn-Un-Iƒ A[n-I-am-sW∂v apdh- nf- nI- q´- p∂- h- ¿ t_m[]- q¿∆w hkvXpX- I- ƒ ad®- ps- h°- pI- b- mW- v. C¥y-bn¬ `£y-k-_vknUn Pn Un ]nbpsS Hcp iX-am-\\-Øn¬ Xmsg am{X-am-sW-∂n-cns° \\nIp-Xn-bn-f-hp-Iƒ Pn Un ]nbpsS 8.1 iX-am-\\-am-Wv. ]mh-s∏-´-h¿°p≈ k_vkn-Un-bpsS F´n-c-´n-bmWv kº-∂¿°p≈ k_vknUn F∂¿∞w. ]t£, \\nIp-Xn-bn-f-hp-Iƒ Ipdb- v°W- s- a∂- √- , `£y k_vknU- nbpw a‰pw Ipdb- v°W- s- a∂- mWv apdh- nf- n. {]W_v apJ¿Pn sNbvXXpw AXp Xs∂b- mW- v. 2008˛- 09¬ BsI k_vknUn (`£- y, cmkh- f- w, s]t{Smfnbw Dƒs∏s- S) 129708 tImSn cq]b- mb- nc- p∂- Xv 2010˛- 11¬116224 tImSn cq]b- mbn sh´n°- pd- ®- n- cn-°p-∂p. AtX-k-abw 2008-˛09\\pw 2009-˛10 \\pan-S-bn¬ \\nIp-Xn-bn-f- hpI- ƒ 88000 tImSn cq]t- bmfw IqSpI- b- mW- p≠- mb- s- X∂v Hm¿°W- w. hn]-Wn-bpsS BtLmjw _P-‰ns\\ kw{K-ln-®m¬, k_vkn-Un-Ifpw t£a-s®-e-hp-Ifpw

83Fw.-_n. cmtPjv aqe-[\\w aXw cm{„obw sh´n-®p-cp-°nbpw hne-°-b-‰-Ønepw Im¿jnI {]Xn-k-‘n-bnepw Bizmk \\S-]-Sn-I-fp-ambn CS-s]-Sm-sXbpw hn]-Wn°pw aqe-[-\\- Øn\\pw t{]m’m-l\\w sNmcn-bp-I-bmWv [\\-a{¥n sNbvX-sX∂p ImWmw. s]t{Smf- nbw D¬∏∂- ß- f- psS hne ]q¿Æa- mbpw hn]W- n°v hn´ps- ImS- p°- m≥ (deregulation) \\n¿t±i- n°- p∂ IndnXv ]tcJv dnt∏m¿´v DNn-X-amb ka-bØv \\S-∏m-°p-sa∂pw IqSp-X¬ kzImcy ÿm]-\\- ߃°v _m¶nMv ssek≥kv \\¬Ip-sa-∂p-ap≈ {]Jym-]-\\-߃ IpØ-I-I-sfbpw hn]-Wn-sbbpw tImcn-Ø-cn-∏n°p-∂-Xm-bn-cp-∂p. kzImcy _m¶nMv ssek≥kv kw_-‘n®v {]Jym-]\\w BZnXy _n¿f-bp-tSbpw A\\n¬ Aw_m-\\n-bp-sSbpw _m¶nMv taml-߃°v NndIv \\¬In-bn-cn-°p-∂p-sh∂v Ah-cpsS a\\x-km£n kq£n-∏p-Im- cmb [\\-Imcy am[y-a-߃ dnt∏m¿´v sNøp-∂p. dne-b≥kv Im∏n- ‰¬, FUn-F-Pn, sden-sK-b¿ XpS-ßnb tIm¿∏-td‰v Iº-\\n-I-fpsS Hml-cn-hne _P-‰n\\p sXm´p ]n∂mse IpXn-®p-b-cp-I-bp-≠m-bn. _P‰v hn]-Wn-bpsS {]Xo-£-Iƒ°pw A∏p-d-am-b-XpsIm≠v sk≥skIvkv (apwss_ Hmlcn hne kqNn-I) 175 t]mbn‚n-te°v IpXn-®p-b¿∂psh∂v C°-t- Wm-anIv ssSwkv (27 s^{_p-hcn 2010) dnt∏m¿´v sNbvXp. sXcs™Sp∏- pI- s- fm∂pw Ct∏mg- n√- mØ- X- n\\- mepw CS-Xp-]£ kΩ¿±sØ t]Sn-t°-≠m-Ø-Xp-sIm≠pw ]cn-jvIm-c- ߃°v (P\\-ßsf ]ngn-bp-∂Xns\\∂v a\\- n-em-°p-I) A-\\p-tbm-Py- amb ka-b-am-bn-cp-∂p _P-‰n-t‚-sX∂pw C°-tWm-anIv ssSwkv ]d- bp-∂p. sXc-s™-Sp-∏n\\v apºv Bw BZvan-bpsS h‡m-hmbn A`n-\\- bn-®n-cp∂ {]W_v apJ¿Pn _P-‰n-eqsS tIm¿]-td‰v C¥y-bpsS kn C H Bbn hm°p-]m-en-®-Xns‚ BÀm-Zhpw CS-Xp-]-£-Øns‚ FXn¿∏ns‚ kzcw Zp¿∫-e-am-b-Xns‚ Bizm-k-hp-amWv C°-tWm- anIv ssSwkv ]¶p-h-bv°p-∂-Xv. Xo{h DZm-c-h¬°-cW \\b-߃s°- Xnc- mbn P\\ß- s- fb- msI AWn\\- nc- Ø- m≥ CSX- p]- £ cm{„obw i‡n- s∏-Sp-Øp-I-sb∂ ]mT-amWv Cu _P-‰n¬ \\n∂v \\ap°v ]Tn-°m-\\- p- ≈X- .v bph[- mc, 2010 am¿®

84 aqe-[\\w aXw cm{„obw Fw.-_n. cmtPjv `mKw c≠v

85Fw.-_n. cmtPjv aqe-[\\w aXw cm{„obw aXhpw am¿Ivkn-khpw Cu Ncn-{X-{]-[m\\ ktΩ-f-\\-Øn\\v Fs∂ £Wn-®-Xn\\v Rm≥ BZy-ambn \\µn-tc-J-s∏-S-p-Ø-s´. kzman hnth-Im-\\-µ≥, Xs‚ AXn- Kw`- oc- a- mb hm‹nX- zhpw Nn¥I- fpw sIm≠v temIØ- ns- ‚b- msI {i≤- bmI- ¿jn® Nn°mtKm k¿∆a- X ktΩf- \\- sØ A\\pk- vac- n∏- n°- p∂- - XmWv Cu {]o ˛ ]m¿e-sa‚ v D®-tIm-Sn. kzman hnth-Im-\\-µs‚ {]uVa- mb Nn°mtKm {]kwK- Ø- ns‚ {]k‡- `- mK- ß- ƒ Ae]v w apºv \\mw {ihn-°p-I-bp-≠m-b-t√m. ChnsS Cu al-Ømb k`-bn¬ {]K- ¤c- mb _p≤nP- oh- nI- f- ps- Sbpw {]apJ- c- mb aXt- \\X- m°- f- pt- Sbpw BZ- cW- ob- a- mb km∂n≤yw \\ap°- p≠- v. Rms\\mcp Bflob t\\Xmthm aX-]-fin-Xt\\m As√∂v hn\\-b-]q¿∆w \\nßsf Hm¿Ωn-∏n-°-s´. Rm≥ bph-P-\\-{]-ÿm-\\sØ {]Xn-\\n-[o-I-cn-°p∂ Hcp cm{„ob {]h¿Ø-I≥ am{X-am-Wv. AXn-\\m¬ ChnsS B[n-Im-cn-I-amb Hcp {]`m-jWw \\S-Øm≥ am{Xw henb Hcm-f√ Rm≥ F∂v F\\n-°-dn- bmw. AXp-sIm≠v C∂sØ hnj-bsØ kw_-‘n®v Fs‚ Nne NnX-dnb Nn¥-Iƒ ]¶p-h-bv°pI am{X-am-Wn-hnsS sNøp-∂-Xv. ChnsS Ft∂mSv kwkm-cn-°m≥ Bh-iy-s∏-´n-´p-≈Xv aXhpw cm{„o-bhpw F∂ hnj-b-sØ-°p-dn-®m-Wv. Cß-s\\-sbmcp hnjbw kwLm-S-I¿ sXc-s™-Sp-ØXv hfsc [ochpw \\qX-\\-hp-amb Hcp ]cn-{i-a-am-Wv. CXv F√m-bvt]mgpw hnIm-c-]-chpw hnhm-Z-]-c-hp-amb Hcp hnjb- a- mb- nc- p∂- p. Cu ]m¿es- a‚ns‚ `mKa- mbn Cßs- \\s- bmcp hnjbw \\n›-bn-®-Xv kwhm-Z-Øns‚ Hcp ]pXnb {]{In-bbv°v Xp S°w Ipdn-°m≥ Xo¿®-bmbpw klm-b-I-c-am-Ip-sa∂v F\\n-°p-d-∏p-

86 aqe-[\\w aXw cm{„obw Fw.-_n. cmtPjv ≠v. Hcp cm{„ob {]h¿Ø-I≥ F∂ \\nebv°v a\\pjy Pohn-X- Øns‚ c≠p kp{]-[m\\ taJ-e-I-fmb aXhpw cm{„o-bhpw XΩn¬ A¿∞-]q¿Æ-amb kwhmZw \\ne-\\n¬t°-≠Xv {][m-\\-am-sW∂v Rm≥ Icp-Xp-∂p. aXØn\\v kaql- Ø- n¬ AKm[- a- mb kzm[o\\- a- p≠- v F∂ hkXv pX B¿°pw AhK- W- n°- m\\- mh- n√- . R߃ CSX- p]- £- °- m¿, aXØ- ns‚ {]k-‡nbpw ]¶pw AwKo-I-cn-°p-tºmƒXs∂ AXns‚ D¤-hhpw hf¿®bpw kmaq-ly-i-‡n-I-fpsS hnIm-k-{]-{In-b-bmbn _‘-s∏-Sp- Øn-bmWv ImWp-∂-Xv. \\ΩpsS {]mNo-\\-cmb ]q¿∆n-I¿ {]Ir-Xn- bpsS Icp-Øp‰ i‡n-I-fp-ambn \\S-Ønb kwL-´-\\-Øn-emWv aX- Øns‚ D¤-h-ap-≈-Xv. \\ΩpsS ]q¿∆n-I¿ Ah-cpsS Pohn-X-Øn-ep-S- \\ofw {]IrXn i‡n-I-fp-ambn G‰p-ap-´p-Ibpw Ah-sb sacp-°m\\pw ]cnh- ¿Ø\\- h- nt- [b- a- m°- m\\pw {ian°- pI- b- mb- nc- p∂- p. CXv {]IrX- ni- - ‡nI- sf \\nb{- ¥n°- m≥ am{Xa- √ Ahsb am\\h- oI- c- n°- m≥ IqSnb- p≈ Iq´mb ]cn{- ia- a- mb- nc- p∂- p. kpZo¿Lhpw k¶o¿Æh- pa- mb Cu {]{In- b-bv°n-S-bn¬ {]mIr-X-amb h¿§-c-lnX kaqlw Hcp h¿§-k-aq-l- ambn cq]m¥- c- s- ∏´- p. {]IrX- nsb ]cnh- ¿Øn∏- n°- m\\- p≈ kacw a\\p- jyc- psS D¬∏mZ- t- \\m]- m[- nI- s- fbpw t_m[a- fi- e- t- Øbpw kmaql- nI _‘ß- s- fbpw IqSn am‰nØ- o¿°pI- b- p≠- mb- n. {]IrX- nb- nt- ebpw kaq- l-Øn-tebpw ]e {]Xn-`m-k-ßfpw a\\p-jy-cpsS bp‡nbv°pw Nn¥bv°pw `mh\\- bv°pw AXoX- a- mb- nc- p∂- p. {]IrXymXoX- hpw a\\p- jymX- oX- h- pa- mb i‡nI- f- ne- p≈ hnizmk- Øn¬ A[- nj- Tv nX- a- mb- , a\\p- jy{- ]h- ¿Ø\\- ßfps- Sbpw _‘ß- f- ps- Sbpw BIØ- pI- b- mW- .v aXw, kmaqly ]cnX- xÿ- nX- nI- f- psS krjvSnbpw {]Xn^- e- \\- h- pa- ms- W∂pw adn-®-s√-∂p-amWv CXn-\\¿∞w. aX-Øns‚ Ncn-{X-am-Is´ a\\p-jy-k- aq-l-Øns‚ hnIm-k-]-cn-Wm-a-ß-fpsS Ncn-{X-hp-ambn At`-Zy-ambn _‘s- ∏´- pI- nS- °- p∂- X- pa- mW- v. adp-h-iØv C\\n \\ap°v cm{„o-bsØ ]cn-tim-[n-°mw. Hcp kaq- lØ- nse kmaql- nI ˛ kmºØ- nI {]{Inb- I- f- psS BIØ- pI- b- mWv cm{„o-bw. aq¿Ø-amb hm°p-I-fn¬ ]d-™m¬ Hcp kaq-l-Øn¬ \\S-°p∂ h¿§-k-a-c-Øns‚ {]Xn-^-e-\\-amWv cm{„o-bw. aXhpw cm{„ob- hpw XΩn¬ Hcp]- mSv kam¥- c- ß- ƒ \\ap°v Z¿in°- m\\- mh- pw. icn-bmb A¿∞-Øn¬ c≠pw kaq-l-Øns‚ \\nkzm¿∞-tk-h-\\-

87Fw.-_n. cmtPjv aqe-[\\w aXw cm{„obw amWv e£y-am-°p-∂-Xv. aZ¿sX-tc-k-bpsS aXhpw alm-flm-Km-‘n- bpsS cm{„o-bhpw kaq-lsØ tkhn-°pI F∂ Htc tNmZ-\\-bm¬ {]tNm-Zn-X-am-bn-cp-∂p. kzman hnth-Im-\\-µ≥, s\\lvdp, C.-Fw.-F-kv. XpSßn aX-Øn-s‚bpw cm{„o-b-Øn-s‚bpw afi-e-Øn¬ C¥y krjS-v n® almt- XP- k- znI- f- mb ]e¿°pw s]mXph- mb- p≈ Hcp {]tXy- IX AKm[- a- mb Zm¿i\\- nI Dƒ°mg- vNbpw Ahnc- ma- a- mb Adnh- t- \\z- j-W-Xz-c-bp-am-bn-cp-∂p. kXy-k-‘-X-bp≈ aXhpw t\\cns‚ cm{„o- bhpw F√m-bvt]mgpw Bh-iy-s∏-Sp-∂Xv XymK-k-∂-≤-X-bm-Wv. {io- cm-a\\v Xs‚ cmPm[n-Imcw Dt]-£n®v h\\-hm-k-Øn\\p t]mIm≥ bmsXmcp aSnb- pa- p≠- mb- n√- . tbip{- Ink- vXp, aplΩ- Z- v\\_- n, Km‘nP- n, `KXvknMv, sNKp-thc XpS-ßn-b-h¿ P\\-߃°p-th≠n ]c-a-amb XymKw sNbvX Ncn{- X]- pc- pj- ∑- mc- n¬ Nnec- mW- v. F¥m-bmepw auen-I-amb Nne sshPm-Xy-ßfpw aXhpw cm{„o- bhpw XΩn-ep-≠v. aXw {][m-\\-ambpw a\\p-jycpw ssZhhpw XΩn- ep≈ hnip-≤hpw kzIm-cy-hp-amb lrZ-b-kw-hm-Z-am-sW-¶n¬ cm{„obw kmaql- nI- ˛- k- mº- Ø- nI {]h¿Ø\\- ß- ƒ°nS- b- n¬ a\\pjy¿ G¿s∏S- p∂ kmaql- nI _‘ß- f- psS afie- Ø- ne- mWv hym]c- n°- p- ∂X- .v a\\pj- yc- psS Clt- emI- sØ {]i\\v ß- ƒ°p≈ ]cnl- mcw tXSn- bp≈ aXØ- ns‚ At\\zj- W- ß- ƒ F√mb- vt]mgpw ]ct- emI- h- pa- mbn _‘-s∏-´-Xm-Wv. ac-Wm-\\-¥-c-Po-hn-Xw, kz¿§w, \\c-Iw, Cl-tem- IsØ icns- X‰- pI- sf kw_‘- n®v acW- m\\- ¥- c- a- p≈ hn[n\\- n¿Æbw F∂n-h-sb√mw F√m -a-X-ß-fnepw s]mXp-hmbn ImWp∂ k¶-ev]- ß-fm-Wv. aXw hy‡nsb ip≤o-I-cn-°m-\\p≈ ]cn-{i-a-ß-fn¬ {]h¿Øn-°p-∂Xv As√-¶n¬ {]h¿Øn-°p-sa∂v IW-°m-°-s∏-Sp- ∂Xv {][m\\- a- mbpw sshb‡- nI- a- mb kq£av X- e- Ø- ne- mW- .v cm{„obw kaq-l-Øns‚ s]mXp-hmb {]iv\\-ßsf ÿqe-X-e-Øn¬ A`n-kw- t_m[- \\ sNøpI- bpw Ahb- psS ]cnl- mc- Ø- n\\- mbn `uXnI- t- emI- Øv CS-s]-Sp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. euInI ZpxJ-ß-fn¬ \\n∂v hy‡nsb tamNn∏- n°- m\\- p≈ Ahk- m\\- n°- mØ ]co£- W- a- mWv aXw. cm{„obw AXns‚ icn-bmb A¿∞-Øn¬ F√m euInI ZpxJ-ß-fp-sSbpw aqeI- mc- W- Ø- n¬\\n∂- v, AXmb- Xv h¿§N- qj- W- Ø- n¬\\n∂v P\\ß- s- f- bmsI tamNn-∏n-°pI F∂-XmWv e£y-am-°p-∂-Xv. CXmWv Fs‚ hn\\o-X-amb ho£-Ww.

88 aqe-[\\w aXw cm{„obw Fw.-_n. cmtPjv CS-Xp-]-£-Øns‚ aX-tØm-Sp≈ kao-]\\w kw_-‘n®v Rm≥ Ipd-®p-IqSn hy‡X hcp-Ømw. R߃ F√m-bvt]mgpw aX-hn-cp≤- sc∂ Ip‰m-tcm-]-W-Øn-\\n-c-bm-Ip-∂-h-cm-sW-¶nepw AXv hkvXp-X- b√- . an° Ip‰mt- cm]- W- ß- fpw aXsØ hniI- e- \\w sNbvXv am¿Ivkv \\S-Ønb \\nco-£-W-ßsfs®m√n-bp≈ \\njv°-f-¶-amb sX‰n-≤m-c- WI- f- pt- Stbm As√¶- n¬ t_m[]- q¿∆a- mb Zp¿hymJ- ym\\- ß- f- ps- Stbm ASnÿ- m\\- Ø- ne- p≈- h- b- mW- v. \"aXw a\\pj- ys\\ ab°- p∂ Idp∏- mWv' F∂ am¿Ivkns‚ H‰h- mN- Iw am{Xw ]et- ∏mgpw kµ¿`Ø- n¬\\n∂v AS¿Øn-sb-SpØv D]-tbm-Kn-°p-I-bm-Wv. \"\"lrZ-biq\\y-amb Hcp temI-Øns‚ lrZ-bhpw ASn-®-a¿Ø-s∏´ Hcp P\\-X-bpsS s\\Sp- ho¿∏pw a\\pj- ys\\ ab°- p∂ Idp∏- pa- mWv aXw.'' F∂mWv bYm¿∞- Øn¬ am¿Ivkv ]d™- X- v. Cu {]kvXmhw icnb- mb A¿∞Ø- nepw kµ¿`Ø- nepw hmbn°- pI- b- ms- W¶- n¬, am¿Ivkv A‘a- mb Hcp aX- \\n-cmkw \\S-Øn-bn-´n√ F∂v hy‡-am-Ipw. aX-Øns‚ thcp-Iƒ Bgv∂p InS°- p∂ kmaql- nI bmYm¿∞yß- s- f°- pd- n®pw Cu kmaq- lnI kmlN- c- yß- f- n¬ aXw \\n¿∆l- n°- p∂ ]¶ns- \\°- pd- n®pw Imhym- fl-I-amb Hcp `mj D]-tbm-Kn-®p-sIm≠v hkvXp-\\n-jvT-amb hni-I- e\\w \\S-Øp-I-bmWv am¿Ivkv sNøp-∂-Xv. Ncn-{X-Øn-ep-S-\\ofw A[o-i-{]-Xy-b-im-kv{X-Øns‚ Hcp cq]-am- bnc- p∂p aXs- a∂v ImWmw. Aßns- \\b- mb- nc- n°- p∂- X- ps- Im≠v `cW- - h¿§- - Xm¬]c- yß- fpw NqjnX- P- \\- X- b- psS A`ne- mj- ß- fpw ]ptcmK- a- - \\m-i-b-ßfpw {]Xn-tema ho£-W-ßfpw Hcp-t]mse aX-Øns‚ s]mXp-`mj D]-tbm-Kn®v {]I-Sn-∏n-°m-\\m-Ipw. AXp-sIm-≠v, aX-\\- hoI- c- W {]ÿm\\- ß- f- psS ]ptcmK- a- \\- ]- c- hpw {Inbmfl- I- h- pa- mb D≈- S-°sØ CS-Xp-]£w Xo¿®-bmbpw am\\n-°p-I-Xs∂ sNøpw. Ncn- {X-Ønse al-Ømb kmaq-lnI ka-c-ß-fn¬ aX-߃ hln® ]¶ns\\ AwKo-I-cn-°p-∂-Xn¬ CS-Xp-]£w H´pw e÷n-°p-∂n-√. Po¿Æn®- ps- Im≠- nc- p∂ tdmamk- m{- amP- yØ- ns- \\X- nc- mb P\\I- ob Iem- ]-ß-fn¬ \\ap°v {InkvXp-hns‚ ]ndhn ImWm-sa-¶n¬ Ad_v tZio- bX- b- psS Db¿®b- pa- mbn C…ma- ns‚ DZb- Ø- n\\v {]Xy£- a- mb _‘w Xs∂-bp-≠v. {_n´o-jp-Im¿s°-Xn-cmb ka-c-Øn¬ Km‘n-Pn-sbbpw Xne-I-t\\bpw t]mep≈ t\\Xm-°ƒ aX-Øn¬\\n∂v ka-tcm-]-I-c-W- ßfpw X{¥ß- fpw ^e{- ]Z- a- mb- nØ- s∂ hnIk- n∏- ns- ®S- pØ- n´- p≠- .v Ch-

89Fw.-_n. cmtPjv aqe-[\\w aXw cm{„obw bn¬ \"\"kXy{- Klw'' t]mep≈ NneXv Ct∏mgpw P\\ß- sf AWn\\- nc- - Øm-\\p-X-Ip∂ D]m-[n-I-fm-Wv. (R-ß-sf-t∏m-ep≈ {]h¿Ø-I¿, hfsc hyXyk- vXa- mb ]cnX- xÿ- nX- nI- f- ne- ms- W¶- nepw Ct∏mgpw Cu D]m-[n-Isf D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂p-≠v.) C¥y-bn¬ 14-˛mw \\q‰m-≠p-ap-X¬ 17-˛mw \\q‰m-≠p-hsc hf¿∂p-h∂ `‡n-{]-ÿm-\\-Øns‚ Imcy-sa-Sp- Øm¬, AXv A°m-eØv \\ne-\\n∂ kmaq-ln-I-˛-km-º-ØnI kml- N-cy-ß-tfm-Sp≈ Bflob {]Xn-I-c-W-am-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂p ImWmw. AXns‚ kmaql- nI kz`mhw PmXnt- a[- mh- nX- zL- S- \\- bv°v FXnc- mb- n- cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬ tZio-b-`m-j-Iƒ°pw kmln-Xy-Øn\\pw \\¬Inb t{]m’ml- \\w AXns‚ kmwkvImc- nI kzm[o\\- a- mb- nc- p∂- p. Cßs- \\- bp≈ ]ptcm-K-a\\ LS-I-߃°-∏pdw aX-߃°pw aX-\\-ho-I-c-W- {]-ÿm-\\-߃°pw Ah-bp-tS-Xmb ]cn-an-Xn-Iƒ Xo¿®-bm-bp-ap-≠v. aX-Øns‚ AXn-cp-Iƒ°-IØv HXp-ßn-\\n∂ ]cn-jvI-c-W-{]-ÿm-\\- ßs- f√mw bYm¿∞ h¿§{- ]i- \\v ß- ƒ A`nk- wt- _m[- \\ sNøp∂- X- n¬ ]cmP- b- s- ∏S- pI- bpw AXn\\- m¬ Ahb°v v auenI- a- mb kmaql- nI ]cn- h¿Ø\\w hcp-Øm≥ Ign-bmsX hcn-Ibpw sNbvXp. Cu ASnÿ- m\\ [mcW- I- f- n¬ Du∂p∂- X- mWv aXt- ØmS- p≈ Rß- fpsS kao]- \\- w. 1909 sab˛-v ¬ se\\n≥ C{]I- mcw FgpX- n. \"\"Hcp tkmjy- enÃv ]m¿´nsb kw_-‘n®v aXw Hcp kzImcy hnj-b-am-bn-cn-°p-I- bn√- . F∂m¬ hnizmk- nI- ƒ°v, Ah¿ DØa- h- ni- zmk- a- p≈ tkmjy- enÃ- pI- ƒ IqSnb- ms- W¶- n¬ ]m¿´n AwKXzw \\ntj[- n°pw F∂v CXn- \\¿∞an√- . \\ncoi- zc- h- mZ- Ø- n\\v ]m¿´n]c- n]- mS- nb- n¬ ÿm\\a- p≠- mb- n- cn°- n√- . apXe- mf- nØ- Ø- ns- \\X- nc- mb kac- Ø- nse sFIya- mWv kz¿§- Ønse Imcy-ßsf kw_-‘n-®p≈ GIm-`n-{]m-b-sØ-°mƒ Gsd {][m-\\-am-bn-´p-≈-Xv.'' 1913-˛¬ Ãmen≥ {]kvXm-hn-®Xv \"\"F√m kap-Zm- b-°m¿°pw Xß-fpsS hnizmkw kzX-{¥-ambn A\\p-jvTn-°m-\\p≈ Ah-Im-isØ ]m¿´n kwc-£n-°-Ww'' F∂mWv. Iyq_-bn¬ tkmjy-enÃv hnπhw Ign™v GXm≠v Ac-\\q-‰m-≠n\\p tijhpw aXw \\ne-\\n¬°p-∂p-sh∂v am{X-a-√, hnizm-kn-bmWv F∂ ImcWw sIm≠v Hcmƒ°pw IΩyq-WnÃv ]m¿´n-bn¬ AwKXzw \\ntj-[n-°p- ∂pa- n√- . IΩyqW- nÃ- mb ^nU¬Imk- tv {Smb- psS D‰k- pl- rØ- mb sh\\n- kq-e-bnse CS-Xp-]£ {]knU‚ v lyqtKm jmthkv Xms\\mcp ItØm-en°m hnizm-kn-bm-sW-∂v Bh¿Øn®v {]kvXm-hn-®n-´p-≠v.

90 aqe-[\\w aXw cm{„obw Fw.-_n. cmtPjv \\n°c- mt- Kzb- nse Um\\nb- ¬ H¿tSK- bpsS \\he- n_- d- ¬ \\bß- sf {]Xn- tcm[- n°- p∂ Zcn{- Z]- £ \\S]- S- nI- ƒ°v Dd® cm{„ob ]n¥pW \\¬Ip- ∂-h-cn¬ ss{IkvX-h-k-`-I-fp-ap-≠v. ChnsS tIc-f-Øn-em-sW-¶n¬ hnhn[ P\\-hn-`m-K-ß-fpsS hnizm-k-kzm-X{¥yw kwc-£n-°m≥ \\S- Ønb t]mcm´- ß- f- m¬ kar≤- a- mWv CSX- p]- £- Ø- ns‚ Ncn{- Xw. PmXo- b-amb D®-\\o-N-Xz-ß-fpsS t]cn¬ t£{X-{]-th-i-\\m-h-Imiw t\\Sp- - ∂-Xn-\\p≈ ka-c-ß-fpsS ap∂-Wn-bn¬ tIc-f-Ønse CS-Xp-]-£-i- ‡nI- f- p≠- mb- nc- p∂- p. Rm≥ C°m-cy-ß-sf√mw ]cm-a¿in-®Xv CS-Xp-]-£-Øns‚ cm{„obw aX-tØbpw hnizm-k-tØbpw FXn¿°p-Itbm Ah-K-Wn- °pI- t- bm sNøp∂- n√ F∂v hy‡a- m°- m≥ th≠n am{Xa- mW- v. Zie- - £-°-W-°n\\p a\\p-jy-cpsS a\\- n¬ Bg-Øn¬ thtcm-Snb aX-hn- izmkw _ew {]tbmK- n®v apdn®- pa- m‰- ms- at∂m X¬ÿm\\- Øv as‰mcp {]Xyb- i- mk{v Xw Ir{Xna- a- mbn sh®p]- nS- n∏- n°- ms- at∂m D≈ b- ms- Xmcp hymtaml- hpw R߃°n√- . Ncn{- XsØ kw_‘- n® icnbmb [mc- W-bp≈ Bcpw CØcw Akw-_‘ Bi-b-ßsf Xmtem-en-°p-I- bn-√. R߃ bYm¿∞-Øn¬ IW-°m-°p-∂Xv kmaq-ly-hy-h-ÿ- bpsS D]-cn-L-S-\\-bpsS `mKw F∂ \\ne-bn¬ Hcp h¿§-c-lnX kaq- l-Øns‚ Bhn¿`m-h-Øn-\\p-ti-jhpw Ipd-®p-Imew IqSn aXw \\ne- \\n¬°m-\\n-S-bp-≠v F∂m-Wv. Hcp h¿§-c-lnX kaq-l-Øn¬ `c-W- Iq-S-Øns‚ Bh-iy-an-√m-Xm-bn-Øo-cp-Ibpw AXv sImgn-™p-t]m-hp- Ibpw sNøp-∂-Xp-t]mse AXns‚ ZuXyw \\n¿∆-ln®p Ign-™m¬ aXhpw Ime-{I-a-Øn¬ \\njv{I-an-°pw. thsdmcp hn[-Øn¬ ]d- ™m¬, aXw {]k-‡-am-bn-cn-°p-∂n-S-tØmfw Imew a\\p-jy-Po-hn-X- Øn¬ AXv \\ne\\- n¬°pw. Hcp NqjW- h- na- p‡ kaqlw ÿm]n°- - s∏Sp∂- X- ph- sc Xo¿®b- mbpw aXØ- n\\v {]k‡- nb- p≠- mb- nc- n°- pw. CXpt- ]ms- emcp hnjb- sØ kw_‘- n® GsXmcp kwhmZ- Ø- nepw h¿§o-b-X, aX-au-en-I-hm-Zw, aX-Xo-{h-hmZw F∂n-h-sb-°p-dn®v ]cm- a¿in°- mX- nc- n°- m\\- mh- n√- . Ing°- ≥ bqtdm∏- nse tkmjye- nÃv tNcn- bpsS XI¿®-tbbpw GI-{[p-h-tem-I-Øns‚ DZ-b-Øn-s‚bpw XpS¿∂p≈ Ime-b-f-hn¬ temI-ØmsI CXp-t]m-ep≈ {]h-W-X- Iƒ h≥tXm-Xn¬ hf¿∂p-h-cn-I-bp-≠m-bn. Cu {]h-W-X-Iƒ°v bYm¿∞a- X- hpw hnizmk- h- pa- mbn bmsXmcp _‘h- pa- n√ F∂v ChnsS

91Fw.-_n. cmtPjv aqe-[\\w aXw cm{„obw k∂nl- nX- c- mb- n´- p≈ _lpa- m\\y ]finX- ∑- m¿ kΩX- n°pw F∂v F\\n- °pd- ∏- p≠- v. aXw cm{„ob- mh- i- yß- ƒ°v Zpcp]- t- bmK- Ø- s- ∏S- pØ- p∂- - Xns‚ ^e-amWv A`n-Im-ay-a-√mØ Cu kw`-h-hn-Im-k-ß-sf-√mw. CSpß- nb aX]- c- a- mb Xm¬]c- yß- ƒ cm{„ob- Ø- ns‚ tI{µÿ- m\\- Øv Bkq{- XnX- a- mbn {]Xnj- Tv n°- s- ∏S- pt- ºmƒ kp{][- m\\- a- mb ASnÿ- m\\ {]i\\v ß- f- n¬ \\ns∂√mw P\\ß- f- psS {i≤ hgnX- nc- n®- ph- nS- s- ∏S- pw. P\\- ßf- psS sFIyw inYne- oI- c- n°- s- ∏S- pI- bpw ÿm]nX Xm¬]c- yß- ƒ i‡ns- ∏S- pI- bpw sNøpw. Aßns\\ {_n´ojv `cW- I- me- s- Øt- ∏mse Ct∏mgpw aXw `n∂n∏- n®p `cn°- e- ns‚ Bbp[- a- mbn D]t- bmK- n°- s- ∏- Sp∂p. Cu \\S]- Sn XSb- ph- m\\- p≈ DØc- h- mZ- nXzw cm{„ob˛aX t\\Xr- Xz-߃°v Hcp-t]m-se-bp-≠v. h¿§o-b-X-bpƒs∏-sS-bp≈ Xn∑-Isf t]m‰nh- f- ¿Øp∂ Ahni- p≤- kJyw aXt- Øbpw cm{„ob- t- Øbpw Hcp- t]mse Zqjn-X-am-°p-∂p. Cu hn`m-Kob {]h-W-X-Isf XS-bm-\\p≈ GI-am¿§w aX-\\n-c-t]-£-X-bpsS XXz-߃ apdp-sI-∏n-Sn-°pI F∂- XmW- v. aXhpw cm{„ob- hpw ]ck- v]cw AXn{- Ia- n®- pI- S- °- mX- nc- n°- m≥ Atßb‰w {i≤ ]pe¿tØ-≠-Xp-≠v. Cu ho£Ww ss__nƒ t]mepw AwKoI- c- n°- p∂- p≠- v. N¿® sNø-s∏-tS≠ as‰mcp {]iv\\w BtKm-f-h¬°-cW {]{In- b-bpsS kzm[o-\\-am-Wv. BtKm-f-h¬°-c-W-Øns‚ Cu L´-Øns‚ khn-ti-jX [\\-aq-e-[-\\-Øns‚ ka-{Km-[n-]-Xy-am-Wv. Cu ka-{Km- [n-]-Xy-Øn\\p Iogn¬ am\\p-jn-Ihpw kmaq-ln-I-hp-amb F√m _‘- ßfpw Itºm-f-_-‘-ß-fmbn ]cn-h¿Ø\\w sNø-s∏-Sp-∂p. Cu Nc- °p-h¬°cW {]{In-b-bn¬ \\n∂v a\\p-jy\\pw ssZhhpw XΩn-ep≈ ]hn{- X_- ‘- wt- ]mepw hnap‡- a- √- . sR´n∏- n°- p∂ aqeyt- imj- W- ß- fpw hfs®mS- n°- e- pI- fpw CXns‚ ^ea- mbn kw`h- n®- ps- Im≠- nc- n°- pI- b- m- Wv. ItØm-en-°m-k-`-bpsS ]c-am-Nm-cy-\\mb t]m∏ns‚ Xs∂ {]kvXm-h\\ ÿnXn-K-Xn-I-fpsS Kuchw shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p-≠v. At±lw {]kvXm-hn-®Xv Aan-X-amb `uXn-I-k-ºØv Bflob Zmcn- {Zy-Øn-te°v \\bn-°p∂p F∂m-Wv. hcp-am-\\-Øn-s‚bpw kº-Øn- s‚bpw AanX tI{µo-I-cWw Cu BtKm-f-h¬°rX temIØv Zmcn{Zyw h¿≤n-∏n®p F∂Xv sXfn-bn-°-s∏´ Imcy-am-Wv. sFIy- cm{„ GP≥kn-bpsS Nne ÿnXn hnh-c-°-W-°p-Iƒ t\\m°q˛ \"\"G‰hpw kº-∂-cmb aq∂p tImSo-iz-c-∑m-cpsS BkvXn-Iƒ temI-

92 aqe-[\\w aXw cm{„obw Fw.-_n. cmtPjv Ønse G‰hpw Ahn-I-kn-X-amb cmPy-ß-fp-sSbpw Ahbn¬ A[n- h-kn-°p∂ 600 Zi-e£w a\\p-jy-cp-sSbpw samØw tZio-b-h-cp-am- \\tØ°mƒ IqSp-X-emWv!'' 45 cmPy-߃ 1990-˛¬ D≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xn- t\\-°mƒ Zcn-{Z-cmbn C∂v amdn-bn-cn-°p-∂p. At∏mƒ t]m∏v Nq≠n- °mW- n°- p∂- s- X¥- mW?v `uXnI- a- mb Zmcn{Zyw am{Xa- √ Bflob Zmcn- {Zyhpw h¿≤n-°p-I-bm-Wv. c≠n-s‚bpw ImcWw H∂p-Xs∂ ˛ kº- Øns‚ Aan-X-amb tI{µo-I-cWw. GXm≠v 150 h¿jw apºv Xß- fpsS \"\"P¿Ω≥ sFUnt- bmf- Pn'' F∂ hnJymX- I- rX- nb- n¬ am¿Ivkpw GwK¬kpw kam\\- a- ms- bmcp \\nco£- Ww \\SØ- nb- n´- p≠- .v Ah¿ Fgp- Xn˛ \"\"F√m _‘ß- s- fbpw hmWnP- yh- ¬°c- n°- p∂- X- ne- qsS aXs- Ø bpw [m¿ΩnI- X- t- bbpw XpS®- p\\- o°- p∂- X- n\\v As√¶- n¬ Ahsb shdp- samcp ]®-\\p-W-bm°n Npcp-°p∂Xn\\v hyh-kmbw AXns‚ Ign-hn- s\\mØv ]cn-{i-an-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv.'' Hcp \\q‰m-≠n-\\p-tijw Imcyß- ƒ IqSpX- ¬ tamia- mb- nt- ´b- p≈- q. BƒssZh- ß- ƒ Bhn¿`hn- °p-∂-Xn-s‚bpw iX-tIm-Sn-I-fpsS Bflo-b-hym-]-\\-Øn-s‚bpw Bflob X´n-∏p-I-fp-sSbpw dnt∏m¿´p-Iƒ aX-Øn-s‚bpw hnizm-k- Øn-s‚bpw afi-e-Ønse hn]Wn i‡n-I-fpsS \\pg-™p-I-b-‰- Øns‚ ^e-am-Wv. AXp-sIm≠v Hcp Imcyw hy‡-am-Wv. hnizm-k- Øn\\pw Bflo-b-Xbv°pw t\\sc Db-cp∂ sh√p-hnfn \\nco-iz-c-hm-Zn- I-fn¬\\n-∂√ Itºmf auenIhmZ-Øns‚ i‡n-I-fn¬ \\n∂m-Wv. aX-au-en-I-hm-Zn-Ifpw Itºmf auen-I-hm-Zn-Ifpw XΩn¬ \\ne- \\n¬°p∂ kam-[m-\\-]-c-amb kl-h¿Øn-Xz-Øn-s\\-Xn-cmbn aX- ߃°I- Ø- pX- s∂ sNdpØ- p\\- n¬∏p≠- mh- Ww. cm{„ob- hpw CXn\\- - ]-hm-Z-a-√. cm{„o-b-cw-KØp ]S-cp∂ Agn-a-Xn, IpXn-c-°-®-h-S-sØ- °p-dn-®p≈ A\\n-tj-[y-amb hm¿Ø-Iƒ, F√m-Ø-c-Øn-ep≈ A[m¿ΩnI {]h-W-X-I-fp-sSbpw hym]\\w F∂n-h-sb√mw A\\n-b- {¥nX- a- mb apXe- mf- nØ BtKmf- h- ¬°c- W- Ø- ns‚ {]XymL- mX- ß- - fm-Wv. \\h-en-_-d-enkw hcp-Øn-sh® hnizm-k-Ø-I¿®sb adn-I-S- °m≥ aXhpw cm{„o-bhpw Dƒs∏sS Pohn-X-Øns‚ F√m taJ-e-I- fnepw kXyk- ‘- a- mb Bfl]- c- nt- im[- \\- bpw [oca- mb ]pXnb \\S]- - Sn-Ifpw hfsc AXym-h-iy-am-Wv. \\mw A`n-kw-t_m-[\\ sNtø≠ bYm¿∞-{]-iv\\-ßfpw ASn-b- ¥n-c-amb sh√p-hn-fn-Ifpw Ch-bm-sW∂v F\\n-°p-tXm-∂p-∂p. Cu

93Fw.-_n. cmtPjv aqe-[\\w aXw cm{„obw sh√p-hn-fn-Isf t\\cn-Sp-∂-Xn¬ ]c-kv]c kl-I-c-W-Øn\\v [mcmfw km[yX- I- f- p≠- v. AXps- Im≠v Cu kµ¿`w A¿∞i- q\\- ya- mb hnhm- Z-߃°p-≈-X-√. A¿∞-]q¿Æ-amb kwhm-Z-߃°p-≈-Xm-Wv. aXhpw cm{„o-bhpw XΩn-ep≈ P\\m-[n-]-Xy-]-c-amb Hcp kwhm-Z- Øn¬ Cu ]m¿es- a‚ v Hcp \\mgnI- °- √- mb- nØ- oc- ps- a∂v Rm≥ {]Xym- in°- p∂- p. h¿§ob- X- , aXa- ue- nI- h- mZ- w, aXX- o{- hh- mZ- w, Zmcn{Zyw F∂n- h-bvs°√mw FXn-cmb {]mtbm-KnI ka-c-Øn¬ \\ΩpsS {]Xy-b-im- kv{X-]-c-amb \\ne-]m-Sp-I-fn¬ Hcp Xo¿∏n\\pw Xøm-dm-ImsX Xs∂ \\ap°v ssItIm¿°mw F∂p ]d™- ps- Im≠v Rm≥ D]k- wl- c- n°- p- ∂p. Fs∂ £am-]q¿∆w {ihn® Hmtcm-cp-Ø¿°pw \\µn-tc-J-s∏-Sp- Øp∂- p. 2008 BK-Ãn¬ Xn-cp-h-\\-¥-]p-cØv tN¿∂ tZiob aX ]m¿e-sa‚n¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n® {]_‘w

94 aqe-[\\w aXw cm{„obw Fw.-_n. cmtPjv awK-em-]pcØv hnS¿∂ hnj-Øm-ac AhnsS `b-amWv `cn-°p-∂-Xv F∂v s_¿tXmƒUv s{_lvXv ]d™- Xv \\mkn P¿Ω\\- ns- b°- pd- n®- mb- nc- p∂- p. C∂v awKe- m]- pc- Ø- n\\pw s{_lvXns‚ hm°p-Iƒ _m[-I-am-bn-cn-°p-∂p. awK-em-]pcw C¥ybnse At[m-tem-I-Øns‚ Ip{]-kn≤ Xmh-f-ß-fn-sem-∂mWv F∂v \\ap°v t\\c-sØ-b-dn-bmw. At[m-temI cmPm-°-∑m-cpsS ssIbq°pw Im´p-\\o-Xnbpw awK-em-]p-cØv apºp-Xs∂ `bw hnX-®n- ´p≠v. awK-em-]pcw `cn-®p-h∂ kmº-ØnI At[m-tem-I-Øn-s\\m∏w ]pXns- bmcp kmwkIv mc- nI At[mt- emI- Ø- ns‚ hnjh- r£- ß- ƒ IqSn awKe- m]- pc- Ø- ns‚ Imhn \\nda- p≈ aÆn¬ hf¿∂ph- ∂- pX- pS- ß- nb- ncn- °p-∂p. AXn-sem-∂mWv {]tamZv apØ-enJv F∂ lnµpXz {`m¥≥ \\bn-°p∂ {iocmw tk\\. (Xo¿®-bmbpw awK-em-]p-cØv thcp-d-∏n® kmº-ØnI At[m-tem-I-sØbpw kmwkvIm-cnI At[m-tem-I- sØbpw _‘n-∏n-°p∂ Nne s]mXp-I-Æn-I-fp-≠v. AXn-s\\-°p-dn- ®p≈ At\\z-jWw Cu teJ-\\-Øns‚ hnj-b-a-√). Hfn-™p-t\\m-´-°m¿ {iocma- t- k\\ F∂ {Inan\\- ¬ kwLØ- ns‚ kao]- I- me- sØ Nne {]h¿Ø-\\-߃ tZiob Xe-Øn¬ \\Sp-°hpw {]Xn-tj-[hpw D≠m- °p-I-bp-≠m-bn. AXn-sem∂v P\\p-hcn 26-˛\\v dn∏-ªnIv Zn\\-Øn¬ awK-em-]p-csØ ]∫p-I-fn¬ AXn-{I-an-®p-I-S∂v s]¨Ip-´n-I-sf- t∏mepw {Iqc-ambn B{I-an® kw`-h-am-Wv. sSen-hn-j≥ Nm\\-ep-I- fn¬ I≠ Zriyß- ƒ `oXnb- pf- h- m°- p∂- X- mb- nc- p∂- p. B A]c- nj- Iv rX

95Fw.-_n. cmtPjv aqe-[\\w aXw cm{„obw \\S-]-Snsb \\ymbo-I-cn®v {iocm-a-tk\\ XpS¿∂v `ojWn apg-°n-bXv s^{_ph- cn ]Xn\\- me- n\\v hmes- s‚≥ Zn\\mt- Lmj- ß- ƒs°X- nc- mb- n´m- bncp-∂p. hme-ss‚≥ Zn\\w ]¶n-Sp∂ Ian-Xm-°sf Hfn-Iym-ad D]- tbmK- n®p Is≠Øn X¬£Ww hnhmlw Ign∏- n°- ps- a∂- mWv {]Jym- ]-\\w. CXn-\\mbn Xmenbpw ]qPm-cn-bp-ambn {iocm-a-tk-\\mw-K-߃ B Znhkw tdm¥p-Np-‰p-a-s{X. aq∂m-a-tØXv A£-cm¿∞-Øn¬ cmPysØ apgp-h≥ \\Sp-°nb kw`-h-am-Wv. at©-izcw Fw.-F- ¬.-F. kn F®v Ip™-ºp-hns‚ aIƒ {ipXn awK-em-]p-c-Øp≈ tImtf-Pn- teb°v v _ n¬ t]mIpt- ºmƒ kl]- mT- nb- psS ktlmZ- c- \\- mb ap…nw Ip´n-tbmSv kwkm-cn-®-Xns‚ t]cn¬ c≠p-t]-scbpw _ n¬\\n-∂n- d°n A⁄m-X-tI-{µ-Øn-te°v sIm≠p-t]mbn {Iqc-ambn a¿±n-°p- Ib- mb- nc- p∂- p. Cu aq∂p kw`-h-߃ tN¿Øp-hm-bn-®m¬ awK-em-]p-cØv C∂v \\ne\\- n¬°p∂ `oXnX- amb A¥c- o£w Xncn®- d- nb- m\\- mI- pw. A\\ya- - X-ÿ-\\mb kplr-Øn-t\\mSv an≠m≥t]mepw `b-s∏-tS≠ ÿnXn. Ab¬°mc- t\\m ]cnN- b- °- mc- t\\m Bb ap…na- ns\\ I≠m¬ A]cn- Nn-X-s\\-t∏mse apJw-Xn-cn®p \\S-°-Ww. kvIqƒ Ip´n-Iƒt]mepw At\\ym\\yw an≠nt- ∏mb- m¬ B{Ia- n°- s- ∏t- ´°- mw. _ ntem s]mXp- ÿ-etØm hnZym-e-b-Øntem Fhn-sS-sh®pw \\n߃ th´-bm-S-s∏- Smw. {]W-bn-°p-∂-h¿ kq£n-°p-I. awK-em-]p-csØ sIm®p lnµp- cmj- v{SØ- n¬ {]Wbw \\ntcm[- n®- nc- n°- p∂p! {]Wbw I≠p]- nS- n°- m≥ ss_t\\m-°p-edpw Hfn-Iym-a-d-bp-ambn Hfn-™p-t\\m-´-°m-cmb Ipsd lnµpX- zt- _md- ∑- m¿ {iocma- s‚ t]cn¬ Cdß- nb- n´- p≠- v. [m¿an-I-X-bp-sSbpw kZm-Nm-c-Øn-s‚bpw kwkvIm-c-Øn-s‚bpw kzbw {]Jym-]nX Imh-em-fp-I-fmbn Na-bp-∂Xv temI-Ønse√mbn- SØpw F√m Ime-Øp-ap≈ aX-Xo-{h-hm-Zn-I-fp-sSbpw ^mkn-Ãp-I-fp- sSbpw s]mXph- mb coXnimkv{Xa- mW- v. kZmN- mc- Ø- ns- ‚bpw [m¿Ωn- I-X-bp-sSbpw t]cn¬ P\\m-[n-]-Xyw, aX-\\n-c-t]-£-X, a\\p-jym-h-Im- iß- ƒ, hy‡nk- zmX- {¥yw F∂o k¶e- v]ß- t- fbpw B[p\\- nI aqey- ßt- fb- pa- mWv Ch¿ \\nc¥- cw IS∂- m{- Ia- n®- ps- Im≠- nc- n°- p∂- X- v. Cu B{Ia- ß- f- n¬ G‰hpw {]IS- hpw {it≤b- hpw Bh¿Øn°- s- ∏´- ps- Im- t≠-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xp-amb hkvXpX aX-Xo-{h-hm-Zn-I-fpsS kv{Xohn-cp-≤- Xb- mW- v.

96 aqe-[\\w aXw cm{„obw Fw.-_n. cmtPjv \\xkv{Xo kzmX-{¥y-a¿lXn {iocm-a-tk\\ Db¿Øn-∏n-Sn-°p∂ {]Xy-b-imkv{Xw lnµp-Xz-Øn- t‚-Xm-Wv. Ah-cp-sS cm{„ob e£y-am-Is´ lnµp-cm-{„-hp-am-Wv. {iocma- t- k\\- s- bt- ∏me- p≈ lnµpX- zi- ‡- nI- s- f√mw A®S- °- t- ØmsS AwKoI- c- n°- p∂ `mhn lnµpc- m{- „Ø- ns‚ \\nba- k- wl- nX- b- mI- s´ a\\p- kvar-Xn-bp-am-Wv. a\\p-kvar-Xn-bnse kv{Xohn-cp-≤¿°v hni-Zo-I-c-W- ߃ Bhi- ya- n√- . Iuamc- Ø- n¬ ]nXmhpw buh\\- Ø- n¬ `¿Ømhpw hm¿≤Iy-Øn¬ ]p{X\\pw kwc-£n-t°-≠-h-fmb kv{Xo kzmX-{¥y- a¿ln°- p∂- n√ F∂v Akµ- nK- [v a- mbn {]Jym]- n®- n´- p≈ lnµpX- zØ- ns‚ `cW- L- S- \\- b- mW- X- v. B `cW- L- S- \\- t- bmSp Iqdp ]pe¿Øp∂ {iocm- a-ssk-\\n-I¿ hne-°p-Iƒ ewLn-°p∂ kv{XoIsf Fß-s\\-bmWv t\\cn-SpI? B t\\cn-S-ens‚ coXn-bmWv awK-em-]p-c-Øp-\\n-∂-t∏mƒ X¬k-abw ImWp-∂-Xv. ]∫v B{I-an® apØ-eo-Jns‚ Kp≠m- kwLw s]¨Ip´- nI- sf apSn°- pØ- n\\- p]- nS- n®v hen®- ng- ®- Xpw \\neØ- n´v aXnh- c- pt- hmfw a¿±n®- Xpw \\mw I≠p. ]≠v Iuch- k- `- b- ne- n´v {Zu]- Xnsb apSn-°p-Øn-\\p-]n-Sn®v hen-®n-g-bv°p-Ibpw hkv{Xm-t£]w sNbvXv A]-am-\\n-°p-Ibpw sNbvX Zp»m-k-\\s\\ Hm¿Ωn-∏n-°p∂p apØ-eo-Jns‚ Iiva-e-∑m¿. kv{XoIƒ°v {]tXyI hkv{X-[m-c-W-®´w ASn-t®-ev]n-°m-\\p≈ {iaß- ƒ ]cnh- m¿ ˛ lnµpXz kwLS- \\- I- f- mb F _n hn ]nbpw inh- - tk-\\-bp-sa√mw ]e-t∏mgpw \\S-Øn-bn-´p-≠v. F _n- hn ]n {]Jym- ]n® hk{v X[- mc- W- ®- ´w ]men°- mØ- X- ns‚ t]cn¬ Nne DØt- c¥- y≥ k¿h-I-em-im-e-I-fn¬ s]¨Ip-´n-I-fp-sSbpw A[ym-]n-I-am-cp-sSbpw Xe-bn¬ Icn-Hm-bn¬ Hgn® kw`hw Ipd-®p-h¿jw apºv D≠m-bn-cp- ∂p. U¬ln-bn¬ _n sP ]n k¿°m¿ A[n-Im-c-Øn-en-cp-∂-t∏m-gm- Is´ kvIqƒ hnZym¿∞n-\\n-Iƒ ap´p-a-d-bv°mØ hkv{Xw [cn-°m≥ ]mSn√ F∂ DØ-c-hn-d-°n-bXv hnhm-Z-am-bn-cp-∂p. kv{XoIƒ `mc- Xob thjw am{Xta [cn°- mhq F∂ kwL]- c- nh- m¿ \\ne]- mSv \\S∏- n- em-°m-\\m-bn-cp∂p {iaw. F∂m¬ GXmWv C¥y-bn¬ kv{XoIƒ°msI _m[-I-amb Hcp s]mXp `mc-Xob thjw F∂ tNmZyw Db¿∂p-hcp∂p. C¥y-sb-t∏mse Bg-ta-dnb sshhn-[y- ßfpw kmwkIv mc- nI sshPmX- yß- f- pa- p≈ Hcp cmPyØv k{v XoIƒ°v s]mXp-thjw ASn-t®-ev]n-°p-∂Xv kv{Xohn-cp-≤-X-tbm-sSm∏w

97Fw.-_n. cmtPjv aqe-[\\w aXw cm{„obw kmwkvIm-cnI _lp-kz-c-Xsb \\ntj-[n-°epw IqSn-bmWv. _n sP ]n t\\XrXzw \\¬Ip∂ k¿°m¿ tI{µ-Øn¬ A[n-Im-c-Øn-en-cp-∂- t∏mƒ Xømd- m°- nb kvIqƒ ]mTy]- ≤- Xn AXnse h¿Kob D≈S- °- - tØms- Sm∏w kv{Xohnc- p≤- X- b- psSIqSn t]cne- mWv Gsd {]Xnt- j[w Db¿Øn-b-Xv. s]¨Ip-´n-Iƒ°v Krl-`-cWw ]Tn-∏n-°-W-sa-∂m-bn- cp∂p ]mTy-]-≤Xn A\\p-im-kn-®-Xv. A\\y-Pm-Xn-bntem aX-Øntem s]´ ]pcp-j-∑msc {]W-bn®v hnhmlw Ign-°p∂ kv{XoIsf IpSpw- _-Øns‚ am\\w kwc-£n-°m≥ sIm√p∂ BZ-c-l-Xy-Iƒ(Honour Killing) lnµpX- zi- ‡- nI- ƒ°v kzm[o\\- a- p≈ {]t- Zi- ß- f- n¬ ]Xnh- mWv F∂pw Hm¿°p-I. lnµp-Xz-i-‡n-Iƒ°v thtcm-´-ap≈ taJ-e-I-fn- emWv s]¨{`q-W-l-Xybpw IqSp-X-ep-≈Xv F∂ hkvXpX lnµp-Xz- Øn¬ A¥¿eo-\\-amb kv{Xohn-cp-≤-X-bpsS ]m›m-Ø-e-Øn-emWv a\\- n-em-t°-≠-Xv. kv{Xosb _m[y-Xbpw ASn-abpw kzIm-cy- kzØpw kzmX{- ¥ya- ¿ln°- - mØ- h- f- pa- mbn IW°- m°- p∂ lnµpX- zh- o- £W- Ø- ns‚ ^mknÃv {]tbmK ]≤X- nb- mWv awKe- m]- pc- Øv I≠X.v Xmen-_m\\pw a\\p-kvar-Xnbpw Cu kv{Xo hncp-≤-X-bm-Is´ lnµp-Xz-i-‡n-I-fpsS am{Xw apJ-ap- {Z-b-√. C…m-anI h¿Kob i‡n-I-fpƒs∏-sS-bp≈ F√m h¿Ko-b-˛- aX Xo{h-hm-Z-i-‡n-Ifpw Hcp-t]mse ]¶p-s- h-°p-Ibpw Ah-ew-_n- °p-Ibpw sNøp∂ {]Xn-tema \\ne-]m-Sm-Wv. A^vKm-\\n-ÿm-\\nse Xmen-_m\\pw Imivao-cnse ejvI¿-˛-C˛-X-bv_bpw tIc-f-Ønse F≥Un-F^pw h-sc-bp-≈-h¿ Hcp t]mse ISpØ kv{Xohn-cp-≤-X- bpsS h‡m-°-fm-Wv. a‰p-]-e-Xp-sa-∂-t]mse lnµpXz-˛C-…m-anI Xo{h-hm-Z- -i-‡n-Iƒ tbmPn-∏n-se-Øp∂ Hcp taJe kv{Xohn-cp-≤-X- bpt- SX- mW- v F∂¿∞w. A^Kv m\\- nÿ- m\\- n¬ Xmen_- m≥ ta[mh- nXzw t\\Sn-b-tijw hnh-c-Wm-Xo-X-amb ZpcnXw G‰p-hm-ßn-bXv kv{XoI- fm-Wv. Ah¿ a[y-Ime ImS-Ø-Øns‚ Cc-I-fm-bn-Øo¿∂p. s]¨Ip-´n-I-fpsS hnZym-`ymkw \\ntcm-[n-®p. ASpØ _‘p-hmb ]pcpj- t- \\ms- Sm∏w am{Xta k{v XoIƒ ]pdØnd- ß- mhq F∂mWv Xmen- _ms‚ D{K-im-k-\\w. ewLn-®m¬ hne \\¬tI-≠n-h-cnI kz¥w Poh≥ Xs∂. s]¨Ip´- nI- ƒ _‘p°- t- fms- Sm∏- ta ]pdØ- nd- ß- mhq F∂mWv {iocma- t- k\\- b- ps- Sbpw \\ne]- mS- v. Fs¥mcp kam\\- X! a\\p-

98 aqe-[\\w aXw cm{„obw Fw.-_n. cmtPjv kvarX- nb- psS Iev]\\- I- ƒ ]men°- p∂- X- ns‚ Xme- n_- m\\pw {iocma- t- k- \\bpw XΩn¬ Fs¥mcp tbmPn∏- v. Imivaoc- nse Xo{hh- mZ- nI- f- mh- s´ s]¨Ip-´n-Iƒ°v hkv{X-[m-c-W-®n-´bpw _p¿Jbpw \\n¿_-‘n-X-am- °p-Ibpw AXp \\S-∏n¬ hcp-Øm≥ A¥y-im-k\\w \\¬Ip-Ibpw sNbvXp. A¥yi- mk- \\w kabw Ign™pw _p¿J [cn°- mØ- X- ns‚ t]cn¬ tImtfPv hnZym¿∞n\\- nI- sf shSns- h®- ps- Im∂ kw`h- ß- fpw \\nc-h- -[n. Imivao-cn¬ hoSp-Iƒ ssItbdn c£n-Xm-°sf `oj-Wn- s∏-SpØn s]¨Ip-´n-Isf Xo{h-hm-Zn-Iƒ \\n¿_-‘n®v hnhmlw sN- øp∂- Xpw ISØ- ns- °m≠- pt- ]mI- p∂- Xpw ]Xnhp kw`h- ß- ƒ. ]mInÿ- m\\- nse kzmØv Xmgvhc ]nSn®- S- °- nb Xmen_- m≥ A\\p- Iqe C…m-anI Xo{h-hm-Zn-Iƒ BZyw e£yw h®Xv kv{Xo kzmX- {¥y-sØ-bm-Wv. Ign™ P\\p-hcn 15 Xmen-_m≥ ]pd-s∏-Sp-hn® Iev]\\ kzmØnse tKƒkv kvIqfpI- s- f√mw AS®- p]- q´- W- s- a∂- mWv. F¨]X- n\\- mb- ncw s]¨Ip´- nI- fpsS hnZym`- ymk- a- mW- nß- s\\ apSß- n- b-Xv. \\n›nX Xnø-Xn-°Iw ]q´m-Ø-Xn-\\m¬ 183 kvIqfp-I-fmWv kzmØn¬ XI¿ØpI- f- ™- Xv (The Hindu, 21-01-09) Xmen_- ms‚ tIcf ]Xn∏- mb F≥UnF^v ChnsS sNøp∂- Xpw hyXyk- vXa- √- . aX \\nct- ]£- ˛- P- \\- m[- n]- Xy i‡nI- ƒ°v BgØ- n¬ thtcm´- a- p≈- X- ps- Im≠v F≥UnF- ^v B{Kl- n°- p∂- s- X√mw sNø- m≥ Ign-bp-∂n-s√∂v am{Xw. apØ-eo-Jns‚ {iocm-a-tk-\\-sb-t∏mse {]Wbw \\ntcm-[n-°p-∂-h-cmWv F≥Un-F^pw. F≥Un-F-^ns‚ in£m-\\n-b-a-{]-Imcw {]W-b-Øn-\\p≈ ]c-am-h[n in£ h[n-in-£- X-s∂. Imk¿tIm´v ap…nw s]¨Ip-´nsb {]W-bn®v hnhmlw sNbvX Ip‰Ø- n\\- mWv bqØv tIm¨{K v t\\Xmhv _meI- rj- vWs\\ Ah¿ sh´n-s°m-∂-Xv. kzk-ap-Zm-b-Ønse sNdp-∏-°m-cs\\ {]W- bn®v hnhmlw Ign®- X- ns‚ t]cn¬ at©c- nb- nse Xk\\v n_- m\\- ps- h∂ s]¨Ip-´nsb F≥Un-F-^p-Im¿ th´-bm-Sn-bXv tIcfw ad-∂n-cn-°m- \\n-S-bn-√. ap…ow s]¨Ip-´n-I-fp-ambn kwkm-cn-°p∂ B¨Ip-´n-I sf Is≠-Øm\\pw Ah¿°v ssItbm-sS-Xs∂ in£ \\¬Im-\\p- ambn Xßf- psS kzm[o\\ tI{µß- f- n¬ kZmN- mc- t- ∏me- ok- ns\\ \\ntbm- Kn°- p∂ coXn F≥UnF- ^- n\\pw A\\ya- √- . AØcw \\nch- [n kw`h- - ߃ dnt∏m¿´p sNø-s∏-´n-´p-≠v. {]W-b-th-´-bnepw Hfn-™p-t\\m-´- Ønepw F≥Un-F^v {iocm-a-tk-\\°p ]n∂n-embn F∂ Zpjvt]cv

99Fw.-_n. cmtPjv aqe-[\\w aXw cm{„obw D≠mI- ns- √∂pd∏- .v ae∏- pd- Øv cm{Xnb- n¬ s]mXph- g- nb- n¬ I≠X- ns‚ t]cn¬ k∑m¿Ke- wL- \\w Btcm]- n®v aq∂v kv{XoIsf sam´- b- S- n®- X- - S-°-ap≈ kZm-Nm-c-t∏m-eo-kns‚ IrXy-\\n¿∆-l- Ww kvXpXy¿l-am- bnØ- s∂ Ah¿ ]men®- pt- ]m∂- n´- p≠- v. kmwkvIm-cnI Im]Syw kmwkvIm-cnI A]-N-b-Øn-s\\-Xn-cmb bp≤-{]-Jym-]-\\hpw F√m aX-Xo-{h-hm-Zn-I-fp-sSbpw ^mkn-Ãp-I-fp-sSbpw ÿncw X{¥-am-Wv. kwkvImcw Ah¿°v kz¥w k¶pN- nX cmjv{Sob e£yß- ƒ°p≈ Hcp ad am{Xw. kmwkvIm-cnI Po¿WX hf¿Øp∂ kmº-Øn-I-˛- km-aqly kml-N-cy-ßsf FXn¿°m-Xn-cn-°p-Ibpw Nne A]-N-b- ßsf am{Xw AS¿Øns- bS- pØv AXns- \\X- nc- mbn bp≤w \\SØ- pI- bpw sNøp-∂Xv \\ng¬bp≤w am{X-am-Wv. kmwkvIm-cnI Po¿W-X-s°- Xnsc F∂ t]cn¬ XnI®pw {]Xn-tem-a-I-chpw P\\-hn-cp-≤-hp-amb kao-]-\\-ß-fn¬ \\n∂p-sIm≠v P\\m-[n-]Xy Pohn-X-Øn-\\p-t\\sc IS- ∂m{- Ia- Ww \\SØ- pI- b- mW- nh- ¿ sNøp∂X- v. Po¿WX- °- nS- b- m°- p∂ kml-N-cy-߃s°-Xn-cmb FXn¿∏ns\\ hgn-Xn-cn-®p-hn-Sp-∂-Xn-eqsS kmwkvImc- nI- hpw kmaql- nI- h- pa- mb Po¿WX- I- sf ^eØ- n¬ IqSp- X¬ AKm[- a- m°- pI- bpw sNøp∂- p. ]∫v kwkvImc- hpw hmess‚≥ Zn\\mt- Lmj- ß- f- psS t]cne- p≈ {]Wb- s- shI- rX- ß- fpw k{v Xo˛]- pc- pj _‘-ß-fpsS I®-h-S-h¬-°-c-Whpw FXn¿°-s∏-tS-≠-Xp-≠v. F∂m¬ B FXn¿∏p-Iƒ P\\m-[n-]-Xy-]-c-amb coXn-Ifpw Bi-b- {]NmcWØ- ns‚ am¿§hpw IrXya- mb cmjv{Sob D≈S- °- a- p≈- X- pa- m- hW- w. BƒIq´- Ø- ns‚ AcmP- I- X- zhpw Kp≠mh- nf- b- m´- ß- fpw kmwkv Im-cnI {]-Xn-tcm-[-a√ IqSp-X¬ hj-fmb kwkvImc iq\\y-X-bm-Wv. FwF^v lpssk≥ apX¬ Kpemw Aenbpw aΩq´- nbpw hscb- p≈ IemI- mc- ∑- msc th´b- mS- pI- bpw _tcmV- b- qW- nt- hg- vkn‰- nb- nse Nn{X {]Z¿i\\- Ø- n\\v Xo sImSp°- pI- bpw hm´¿, ^b¿ XpSß- n, X߃°- `na- X- a- √- mØ kn\\na- I- ƒ°pt- \\sc B{Ia- Ww Agn®- ph- nS- pI- bpw \\h- h’- c- t- Lmj- ß- fpw {Inkvakv BtLmj- ß- fpw sshtZi- nI- s- a∂- m- tcm]- n®v ssItbd- pI- bpw sNbvXn´- p≈ kwL]- c- nh- md- ns‚ ^mknÃv kwkvIm-c-iq-\\y-X-bpsS as‰mcp apJ-amWv awK-em-]p-cØp I≠-Xv. tdUntbmbpw Snhnbpw kn\\na- bpw kwKoX- hpw \\ntcm[- n® A^Kv m-

100 aqe-[\\w aXw cm{„obw Fw.-_n. cmtPjv \\nÿ- ms\\ `oIc- a- ms- bmcp \\cI- a- m°- nØ- o¿Ø Xmen_- m\\pw k¬am≥ dpjvZnbpw X…o-abpw AkvK¿ Aen F©n-\\o-bdpw Iem-a-WvUew sslZc- me- nbpw kZ\\w djoZpw Dƒs∏sS hepXpw sNdpX- pa- mb Fgp- Øp-Im-scbpw Iem-Im-c-∑m-tcbpw th´-bm-Snb C…m-anI Xo{h-hm-Zn- If- psS kwk- vImc- i- q\\- yX- bpw kwL]- c- nh- md- n\\v H´pw ]n∂ne- √- . aX- an-√mØ Pohs‚ t]cn¬ tIc-f-Ønse Ggmw-¢mkv ]mT-]p-kvXIw Np´pN- mº- e- m°- s- ∏t- S≠- X- mWv F∂v hn[n®- X- n¬ lnµpX- z˛- C- …- ma- nI h¿Kob i‡n-Iƒ Htc Xqh¬ ]£n-I-fm-bn-cp-∂p-sh-∂Xpw hnkva- cn-®p-Iq-S. ]pkvXIw IØn-®Xpw kZm-Nm-chpw kwkvIm-chpw kwc- £n°- p∂- X- ns‚ `mKa- ms- W∂- mb- nc- p∂- t√m CcpI- q´- c- pt- Sbpw \\ymbw. t]mf≠v ssIb-S-°nb \\mkn-Iƒ BZyw sNbvXXv hniz-¢m-kn-°p- Iƒ°v Xobn-Sp-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p-sh-∂-Xn¬ \\n∂v ^mkn-Ãp-Iƒ°v kwkvImc- t- ØmS- p≈ kao]- \\w hy‡a- mI- pw. {iocma- t- k\\- b- pa- mbn _‘a- ns- √∂v AhI- mi- s- ∏S- p∂ kwL]- c- - n- hmdpw _nsP]- nbpw Hmtcm B{Ia- W- ß- s- fØ- pS- ¿∂pw Ahsc c£n- °m-\\p≈ \\ymb-߃ \\nc-Øp-I-bmWv. I¿Wm-S-I-Ønse _nsP]n k¿°mc- mI- s´ i‡a- mb Fs¥¶- nepw \\S]- Sn Ah¿s°X- nsc kzoI- cn°- p∂- pa- n√- . {iocm-a-tk-\\sb c£n-°m-\\p≈ kwL-]-cn-hm-dns‚ hy{KX ad- \\o°n ]pdØ- ph- ∂- X- v kn F®v Ip™º- ph- ns‚ aIf- psS {]iv\\Ø- n- emW- v. Ip™º- ph- ns‚ aIsf B{Ia- n®- h- ¿ UnsshF- ^- vsF {]h¿ Ø-I-cmWv F∂mWv kwL- - Sn-X-ambn kwL-]-cn-hm¿ {]N-cn-∏n-®-Xv. AhnSw sIm≠pw \\n¿ØmsX Ip™º- pX- s- ∂b- mWv cmjv{Sob t\\´- ap≠- m°- ph- m≥ Cu kw`hw Bkq{- XWw sNbvXXv F∂ph- sc C°q- ´¿ ]d™p If™p! P¿a≥ ]m¿es- a‚mb do®v ÃmKn\\v Xo sImSp Ø \\mkn-Iƒ Iayq-Wn-Ãp-Im-cmWv AXp sNbvXXv F∂v {]N-cn-∏n- ®-Xn-t\\m-S-√msX F¥n-t\\m-SmWo \\pWsb Xmc-Xayw sNøp-I. UnsshF- ^- vsF t\\Xm°- f- mb `mkvIc Ipºf- bpw d^o- °pw sIme- sN-ø-s∏-´-t∏mgpw B¿.-F-kv.-Fkv Cß-s\\-X-s∂-bmWv ]d-™-Xv. \\mKv]q-cn¬ \\S∂ _n.-Pn.-]n. tZiob FIvkn-Iyq-´ohv tbmK-Øn¬ cmPv\\m-YvknMv Ah-Im-i-s∏-´Xv X߃am-{X-amWv Km‘n-in-jy¿ F∂mW- t- √m. Km‘ni- nj- ys- c∂v AhI- mi- s- ∏S- m≥ aSn°- mØ Km‘n- Lm-X-I¿°v F¥mWv ]d-™p-Iq-Sm-ØXv? F¥mWv sNbvXp-Iq-Sm-