การเมืองไทยสมัยรัฐบาลจอมพล-ป.ณัฐพล-ใจจริง

”8 90 .. 9 NSC) 10 4.2 2492 (National Security Council: “” . 11 2491 . . ” . “ 12 8 “Policy Statement Prepared in the Department of State, 15 October 1950,” in Foreign Relations of the United States 1950 Vol.6,(Washington D.C.: Government Printing Office,1976), pp. 1533-1534. 9 ,“ ,” ( , 2517). 10 Neher, “Prelude to Alliance: The Expansion of American Economic Interest in Thailand During The 1940s,” p. 166. 11 The Pentagon Papers,(New York: The New York Times,1971), p. 9. 12 2491 2492 . 1,000,000 (NARA, CIA Records search Tool (CREST), CIA-RDP82- 00457R001600460010-7, 28 June 1948, “Colonel Phao Sriyanon possible trip to the United state for

91 2491 13 75,000,000 ( . 2492 2492 15 ) . 14 arms purchases”; CIA-RDP82-00457R002400490002- 4, 4 Mar 1949, “Siamese Requests for Arms through Willis H. Bird”). 13 . .. .... . 2491 ( .(3) . 0201.13.1/2 , 21 2492). 14 I 1102-344-301-401-9301 2493-2494, 1 2492.; .(3) . 0201.13.1/2 , 30 2492.; .. 30 2492. . 5 2492 15 Kahin, Intervention: How American become involved in Vietnam, p. 35.; The Pentagon Papers, p. 5.

16 92 . 18 . . 2493 . 17 2493 . 10,000,000 . . 13-15 249319 16 .(3) . 0201.13.1/2 , 15 2492. 17 The Pentagon Papers, p. 9-10. 18 “The Ambassador in Thailand (Stanton) to the Secretary of State, 8 February 1950,” Foreign Relations of the United States 1950 Vol.6, p. 724. 19 . . 73.1.1 / 77 5 (2492-2493) 29 2492.; 2493 . . . . 7. 2493.; , 14 2493). . ( , 11 14

93 11 . . 20 . 21 22 23 24 . .73.1.1 / 77 5 (2492-2493). 20 “The Ambassador in Thailand (Stanton) to the Secretary of State, 17 February 1950,” in Foreign Relations of the United States 1950 Vol.6, p. 739.; NARA, RG 84 box 6 Top Secret General Records 1947-1958, Stanton to Secretary of State, 27 February 1950.; Stanton, Brief Authority: Excursion of a Common Man in an Uncommon World, p. 238. 21 Ibid., p. 234-235. 22 NARA, RG 84 box 6 Top Secret General Records 1947-1958, Stanton to Secretary of State 13 February 1950.; NARA, RG 84 box 6 Top Secret General Records 1947-1958, Stanton to Secretary of State, 15 February 1950. 23 NARA, RG 84 box 6 Top Secret General Records 1947-1958, Stanton to Secretary of State 15 February 1950. “” 24 Stanton, Brief Authority: Excursion of a Common Man in an Uncommon World, p. 235.

. . 94 3 . . 13 2493 “ 25 27 ”26 28 28 10,000,000 29 30 31 32 25 , 15 2493. 3 ... .. . 26 , 23 2493. 27 , 24 2493. 28 Stanton, Brief Authority: Excursion of a Common Man in an Uncommon World, p. 238.; J. Alexander Caldwell, American Economic Aid to Thailand,(London: Lexington Books, 1974),p.4. , 2483-2495, 410. 1 2493 29 NARA, RG 84 box 6 Top Secret General Records 1947-1958, Webb to American Embassy Bangkok, 7 March 1950. 30 NARA, RG 59 Central Decimal File 1950-1954 Box 4190, Acheson to Bangkok, 12 April 1950. 31 .(3) . 0201.13.1/2 , 11 2493. 32 .(2) . 0201.96 / 3 1 (21 – 9 2493) 22 2493 “ 10

95 . . (R. Allen Griffin) 4-12 249333 34 (New York Times) 35 4.3 2493 36 ” 26 “ ” 23 “” 33 “The Ambassador in Thailand(Stanton)to the Secretary of State, 12 April 1950,” in Foreign Relations of the United States 1950 Vol.6, p.79.; Stanton, Brief Authority: Excursion of a Common Man in an Uncommon World, pp. 249-250. 34 NARA, RG 59 Central Decimal File 1950-1954 Box 4190, Lacy to Rusk, “Thailand Military Aid Program,” 25 July 1950. 35 New York Times, 15 September 1950. 36 Harry Rositzke, The CIA’s Secret Operations Espionage, Counterespionage and Covert Action,(London: Westview Press, 1988), p. 174.

East Asia Supplies) 37 96 Lionel Edward Helliwell) 2494 (South 35,000,000 38 2493 (Paul 4 2494 39 2 93 37 Thomas Lobe and David Morell, “Thailand’s Border Patrol Police : Paramilitary Political Power ” in Supplemental Military Forces: Reserve , Militarias, Auxiliaries Louis A. Zurcher and Gwyn Harries Jenkins (Berverly Hills and London: SAGE,1978), p.156. ( Lyndon Baines Johnson) (Tommy Corcoran) (James Rowe) (Scott, The War Conspiracy: The Secret Road to the Second Indochina War, p. 211) 2494 2498-2499 American Banker’s Insurance Company 30,000 . . (Ibid., p. 211). 38 I 1102-344-202-522-9401 2494-2522, 16 2493. 39 Scott , The War Conspiracy: The Secret Road to the Second Indochina War, p. 194.; Nicholas Tarling, Britain, Southeast Asia and the Impact of Korean War, (Singapore: Singapore University Press, 2005), p.159 .

97 93 (Civil Air Transport :CAT Air America) 93 400 300,000 40 249441 (Parachute Battalion) (Ernest Jefferson Cheek) . . (James William Lair) . . 42 40 . . , , (: , 2546), 39-40.; . . . , 13 , (: , 2532), 169. 41 . . . , ,( : , 2530), 10.; Thomas Lobe,United States National Security Policy and Aid to The Thailand Police, (Monograph Series in World Affaires University of Denver,1977), p. 19 ,fn.13, P.129.; , “CIA : ,” ( 2517): 17-18. 2493 (Christopher E. Goscha, Thailand and the Southeast Asian Networks of the Vietnamese Revolution, 1885-1954,[Richmond, Surrey: Curzon,1999], p. 324.; Tarling, Britain, Southeast Asia and the Impact of Korean War, p.159.) 42 .(3) . 0201.14 / 14 1 (21 2496–18 2502) . . 15 2496.; 40 .(6 2536),( : , 2536), 68 . (James William Lair) , . (John L. Hart), (Pete Joost), (Ernest Jefferson Cheek), . (Walter P. Kuzmuk) , (Dr. Johnson), (Paul), (Rheu Rocker) , (Gene), (Richard Van Winkee) (Charle Steen)

7,000 98 43 44 45 46 (Graves B. Erskine) 2493 (United States Military Survey Team) . (John F. Melby) ... . 1 9 ( .. , , 209.; Lobe ,United States National Security Policy and Aid to The Thailand Police, p. 23). 43 Ibid., p.20. 5 2495 ( . . 0201.7/17 .. 28 2495). 44 . . . ,“ ,” 40 .(6 2536), 39. 45 Thomas Lobe and David Morell, “Thailand’s Border Patrol Police: Paramilitary Political Power,” in Supplemental Military Forces: Reserve, Militarias, Auxiliaries, Louis A. Zurcher and Gwyn Harries Jenkins (Berverly Hills and London: SAGE,1978), p. 157. 46 Tarling , Britain, Southeast Asia and the Impact of Korean War, p. 158.

99 47 . 4,000 48 . 49 21 – 28 2493 50 (United States Military Assistance Advisory Group: MAAG)* 17 51 52 47 Library of Congress, Declassified CK3100360771, Memorandum For President, 10 July 1950.; I 1105-344-301-401-9301 2493-2494, 26 2493. 48 , 21 2493. 49 Harry S. Truman, Years of Trial and Hope, 1946-1952 Vol 2., (New York: A Signet Book, 1965), p. 423. 50 . . 73.7.1/87 6 (2493), Stanton to Minister of Foreign Affaire, 9 August 1950.; .(3) . 0201.13.1/2 , 26 2493. * ( MAAG) (Joint United States Military Advisory Group: JUSMAG) 2497 51 , “ - ( . .2463-2506)” , 2521, 152. 52 . . 0201.96 / 8 2 (6 2493-28 2498).

100 . . 53 (Time) . 54 . . . 55 53 “Policy Statement Prepared in the Department of State, 15 October 1950,” in Foreign Relations of the United States 1950 Vol.6,pp.1529-1530. 54 . . 80 / 29 3 , Times, 17 October 1950. 55 “Stanton to The Secretary of States, 19 March 1951,” in Foreign Relations of the United States 1950 Vol.6, pp. 1599-1601.; Coast, Some Aspects of Siamese Politics, p. 51.

101 4.4 “ ” 2490-93 . . .. . . 56 . “” . 57 2492 . .. “ ” “” . .. .. 58 “” 2490 . 56 “ ”, ,( : , 2493), 42-45, 60. 57 . . , ,( : , 2492); “ ”, , ( : , 2493), 54.; ,1 2492. 58 NARA, CIA Records search Tool (CREST), CIA-RDP82-00457R003300290006-5, 22 September 1949, “Communist Strategy and Tactics in Thailand”.

“” 102 .. . 59 . “ ”“ ” 60 . “” “ ” 61 2492 “ “ ” .. 62 2492 . . 2493 “ ” . ” ” .. “ . 59 NARA, CIA Records search Tool (CREST),CIA-RDP82-00457R002800780003-7, 20 July 1949 , “Opposition to M.C. Pridithepong Devakul ”. 60 NARA, RG 59 Central Decimal file 1945-1949 box 7251, Hannah to Secretary of State, “View of a Pridi Supporter on Political event in Thailand-Summary of Paper on Thai Political Development written by a Supporter of Pridi Phanomyong,” 30 December 1949. 61 NARA, CIA Records search Tool (CREST), CIA-RDP79-0108A000100020022-4, 12 December 1949 , “Phibul paves way for Pridi reconciliation ”. 62 , 1 2492.; NA, FO 371/76277, Thompson to Foreign Office, 6 December 1949.

103 . 63 2492 ... . 64 . “” . . . 63 NARA, RG 59 Central Decimal file 1945-1949 Box 7251, Memoramdum of Conversation James Thompson and R.H. Bushner, 12 August 1949.; Hannah to Secretary of State, 14 December 1949. 64 NARA, CIA Records search Tool (CREST), CIA-RDP82-00457R004000600004-1, 27 December 1949, “Current Political Crisis in Thailand”. .. . 250 (NARA, RG 59 General Records of Department of State, Central Decimal file 1950-1954 Box 4184, Memorandum of Conversation P. Phibunsonggram and Stanton, “ Corruption in Army and Government service,” 16 June 1950.; NA, FO 371/84348, Thompson to Mr. Bevin, ”Siam: Annual Review for 1949,” 10 May 1950.; FO 371/92952 Whittington to Foreign Office (Morrison), 16 April 1951). 2 250 210

. 65 104 26 . 2493 .. . . .. . . 66 . 2492 . “” 67 “ ” . 70 “ 2492 68 .. ” 69 “” “” 65 , 10 2492.; “ ”, ,( : , 2493), 74- 75. 66 NARA, RG 319 Entry 57, Sgd. Cowen Military Attache Bangkok to CSGID Washington D.C., 28 January 1950.; “ 12/2493 ( ) 1 10 2493,” . .2493 1,( : , 2497), 1624-1627.; “ ”, ,( : , 2493), 78-82. 67 , 12 2493.; , 14 2493. 68 , 17 2493. 69 , 19 2493. 70 , 20 2493.

105 “” 2492 . “” 4.5 “ ” “ ”: . . 2490 “ ”“ ” 71 “ ”“ ” . 2493 ” “ “” “ ” 72 . 71 Bangkok Post, 18 December 1950.; NARA, RG 59 General Records of Department of State, Central Decimal file 1950-1954 Box 4184, William T. Turner to Secretary of State, “Political Report for November 1950, ” 26 December 1950. 72 NARA, RG 59 General Records of Department of State, Central Decimal file 1950-1954 Box 4184, William T. Turner to Secretary of State, Monthly Political Report for May 1950, 15 June 1950 .

2493 73 106 ”“ ” ” .“ 74 (Bangkok Tribune) 2493 2494 “ “ ” 2492 73 NARA, CIA Records search Tool (CREST),CIA-RDP82-00457R006100010001-6, 17 October 1950, “Coup plans by Thai Navy Group”. 74 NARA, RG 468 Mission to Thailand 1950-1954, Entry 1385 Box 7, “Brief Political Survey of Thailand,” 20 November 1950. 2 . . 30-35 “” “” 2492 “” . . . 12-15 , NARA, CIA Records search Tool (CREST), CIA-RDP78-01617A006100020023-4, 4 December 1950, “ Reported plan for coup”.

107 “ ”“ “” . “” 75 .. ” 77 . 76 2494 .. . - “” 78 75 NARA, RG 59 General Records of Department of State, Central Decimal file 1950-1954 Box 4184, William T. Turner to Secretary of State, “ Political Report for December 1950 and January 1951,” 21 February 1951. 76 NA, FO 371/84352, Far Eastern Department to U.K. High Commissioner in Canada, Australia, New Zealand, India, Pakistan, Ceylon, 14 December 1950. 77 . . (NARA, RG 59 General Records of Department of State, Central Decimal file 1950-1954 Box 4184, William T. Turner to Secretary of State, “Political Report for December 1950 and January 1951,” 21 February 1951). . (NA, CO 537/7115, Whittington to Foreign Office, 27 February 1951.; NA, FO 371/92954, Whittington to Foreign Office, 28 February 1951). 78 NA, CO 537/7115, Whittington to Foreign Office, 26 February 1951. . . (S.H. Denis)- - (NARA, CIA Records search Tool (CREST), CIA- RDP79T01146A000100040001-7, 5 March 1951, “Pridi-Phibul Negotiations”).

79 2494 . 108 “” .. 80 “ ”“ ”. . “” .. . .. . . . 29 “” “” . .. - 2494 ”(Machiavellian .. “ Conspiracy)81 79 NARA, CIA Records search Tool (CREST), CIA-RDP79T01146 A0001000 80001-3, 9 March 1950 , “Coup Attempt Possibly in Progress”. 80 NARA, CIA Records search Tool (CREST), CIA-RDP79T01146A000200010001-9, 28 April 1951, “General Kach’s Return Rumored”. 81 NARA, RG 59 General Records of Department of State, Central Decimal file 1950-1954 Box 4184, R. H. Bushner to Secretary of State, “Current Thai Political Potting,” 26 April 1951. “ ” .. . “ .. ” ...

109 “” . “ ”“ ” . ” “ “ ” . . “” “” “ “ ” ” . .. .“ “” 82 . (“ ”, 29 ,[ : , 2494], 54-55). 82 NARA, RG 59 General Records of Department of State, Central Decimal file 1950-1954 Box 4184, Memorandum of Conversation Nai Tula Bunnag and Hannah, “Current Thai Political Potting,” 26 April 1951. ; NARA, CIA Records search Tool (CREST), CIA-RDP82-00457R008000720001-7, 6 July 1951, “Seizure of Premier Phibul by the Thai Navy”.; NARA, RG 59 Central Decimal File 1950-1954 Box 4185, Memorandum of Conversation General Phao, Major Thana Posaynon and N.B. Hannah, ”Recent Attempted Coup d’etat,” 16 July 1951.; NARA, RG 59 Central Decimal File 1950-1954 Box 4185, Memorandum of Conversation Luang Sukhum Naipradit, Nai Charoon Suepsaeng and N.B. Hannah, ”Recent Attempted Coup,” 7 August 1951.

” 110 3 “ ”( a waiting one) “ ”(this is not it) 83 “ ” 84 “” “ ” 500 “” “” .. . (Somsak, “The Communist Movement in Thailand,” p.340.; , , 229.) . . .. ( . , 36,206) “ ”, 29 ; ,“ ,” ( ,2516). 83 NARA, RG 59 General Records of Department of State, Central Decimal file 1950-1954 Box 4184, Memorandum of Conversation Nai Khuang and Hannah, “ Attempted Coup d’etat 29-31 June 1951,” 9 July 1951.; NARA, RG 59 Central Decimal File 1950-1954 Box 4185, Bushner to Secretary of State, ” Attempted Coup d’etat of 22-30 June and its Aftermath,” 19 September 1951. 84 NARA, RG 59 General Records of Department of State, Central Decimal file 1950-1954 Box 4184, Memorandum of Conversation Nai Khuang and Hannah, “Attempted Coup d’etat 29-31 June 1951,” 9 July 1951.

85 111 86 87 .. 88 . ” 2494 ”91 ” “ ”89 . 90 “ 85 “Turner The Charge in Thailand to Mr. Robertson P. Joyce Policy Planning Staff, 7 November 1951,” in Foreign Relations of the United States 1950 Vol.6, p. 1634.; . . . , . , 73-74, 92. 86 NA, FO 628/79, Minutes, 1 July 1951. 87 NARA, RG 59 Central Decimal File 1950-1954 Box 5625, Memorandum of Conversation Phin, E.O’Connor and R.H. Bushner, 24 July 1951. 88 NA, FO 371/92956, Whittington to Foreign Office, ”Siam: Political Summary,” 13 July 1951. 89 New York Times, 5 July 1951. 90 “Turner The Charge in Thailand to The Secretary of States, 2 July 1951,” in Foreign Relations of the United States 1950 Vol.6, p.1616. 91 “ ”, 29 , 168-169.

112 “ ”92 “ ” (MAAG) 93 . . 94 ” ” “ ” . 2492 “” 4.6 2494 “” “” “” . 95 92 NARA, RG 84 General Records, Thailand 1945-1953, Entry UD 3267 Box 93, R.H. Bushner to Political Section, ”Thai Reaction to Coup d’etat,” 11 July 1951. 93 “Turner The Charge in Thailand to The Secretary of States, 12 July 1951,” in Foreign Relations of the United States 1950 Vol.6, pp. 1620-1621. 94 “Analysis and Appreciation of Foreign Military and Economic Assistance Programs for Thailand, 17 July 1951,” in Foreign Relations of the United States 1950 Vol.6, pp.1623-1625. 95 NARA, RG 59 General Records of Department of State, Central Decimal file 1950-1954 Box 4184, William T. Turner to Secretary of State, “Political Report for December 1950 and January 1951,” 21 February 1951.; NARA, RG 59 Central Decimal File 1950-1954 Box 4185, Memorandum

113 “” “ ”“ ” . 96 2475 “” “” 97 2492 “ 2494 2492 “ ” ” “ ” ” ” “ 98 “ . of Conversation Nai Sang Pathanotai and N.B. Hannah,” 29 November1951 Coup d’etat,” 11 December 1951. “” . 31 57 10 16 67 ( ,“ . .2490,” 150-153). 96 “Turner The Charge in Thailand to The Secretary of States, 24 August 1951,” in Foreign Relations of the United States 1950 Vol.6, p. 1632. 97 “ 3 / 2494 27 2494,” 2 . .2494,( : , 2495), 412-415. 2475 98 NARA, RG 59 General Records of Department of State, Central Decimal file 1950-1954 Box 4184, William T. Turner to Secretary of State, “Political Report for November 1950, ” 26 December 1950.

2494 99 114 ” . 2494 .. .. 100 ” 2494 ” .. “” “” .101 “ 99 , “ ,” 25 ,“ ” , (: , 2522), 597. 100 NARA, CIA Records search Tool (CREST), CIA-RDP82-00457R008300700010-6, 16 August 1951, “Departure of Lt. Gen. Phao Sriyanon for Europe and England ”.; NARA, RG 59 Central Decimal File 1950-1954 Box 4185, Memorandum of Conversation Nai Sang Pathanotai and N.B. Hannah, ”29 November1951 Coup d’etat,” 11 December 1951. 101 , 20 2494.; . . . , , 150-151. . . 2494 . . . ... ... ... ... . . . .; NARA, RG 59 Central Decimal File 1950-1954 Box 4185, Memorandum of Conversation Nai Sang Pathanotai and N.B. Hannah, ”29 November1951 Coup d’etat,” 11 December 1951. . ..

115 102 2494 ” 2492 . 2475 103 . 29 18.00 2475 . .. 104 102 “Turner The Charge in Thailand to The Secretary of States, 29 November 1951,“ in Foreign Relations of the United States 1950 Vol.6, p. 1638.; PRO, FO 371/92957, Murray to Foreign Office, ”Coup d’etat in Siam,”3 December 1951.; Scott to Foreign Office, 4 December 1951. 103 NARA, CIA Records search Tool (CREST), CIA-RDP82-00457R009400250011-3, 27 November 1951, “ Possible Coup d’etat”.; NARA, RG 59 Central Decimal File 1950-1954 Box 4185, Memorandum of Conversation Nai Sang Pathanotai and N.B. Hannah, ”29 November1951 Coup d’etat,” 11 December 1951. .. 2492 (NARA, CIA Records search Tool (CREST), CIA-RDP79T01146A000500260001-9, 16 November 1951, “Sarit’s position enhanced”). 104 NARA, RG 59 Central Decimal File 1950-1954 Box 4185, Memorandum of Conversation Nai Sang Pathanotai and N.B. Hannah, ”29 November1951 Coup d’etat,” 11 December 1951. “”

116 4.7 . 29 2494 2492 10 2475 . “” “” “” 105 . “” ( , ,[ : , 2513], 95). 105 “Turner The Charge in Thailand to The Secretary of States, 29 November 1951,“ in Foreign Relations of the United States 1950 Vol.6, p. 1638.; NA, FO 371/92957, Murray to Foreign Office, ”Coup d’etat in Siam,”3 December 1951.; Scott to Foreign Office, 4 December 1951. 2475 2 2492 “” (NARA, RG 84 General Records, Thailand 1945-1953, Entry UD 3267 Box 93, R.H. Bushner to Political Section, ”Public Opinion regarding 29 November Coup,” 11 December 1951.; NA, FO 371/92957, Wallinger to Foreign Office, ”Coup d’etat in Siam,” 5 December 1951.; NARA, RG 59 Central Decimal File 1950-1954 Box 4185, Turner to Secretary of State, 30 November 1951.; NARA, RG 84 General Records, Thailand 1945-1953, Entry UD 3267 Box 99, Colonel D.W. Stonecliffe to Secretary of Defense, “Thailand-Military significance 29 November 1951 Coup d’etat,” 4 January 1952.; NA, FO 371/92957, Foreign Office to Bangkok, 4 December 1951.; Stanton, Brief Authority: Excursion of a Common Man in an Uncommon World, p. 270. . . (NARA, RG 59 Central Decimal File 1950-1954 Box 4185, Memorandum of Conversation Nai Sang Pathanotai and N.B. Hannah, ”29 November 1951 Coup d’etat,” 11 December 1951).

107 117 2494 2475 106 2 .- 2475 . 2475 108 . 2 2492 . 109 . 106 NA, FO 371/92957, Whittington to Foreign Office, 30 November 1951.; NARA, RG 59 Central Decimal File 1950-1954 Box 4185, Turner to Secretary of State, 30 November 1951 . 107 NARA, RG 59 Central Decimal File 1950-1954 Box 4185, Memorandum of Conversation Nai Sang Pathanotai and N.B. Hannah, ”29 November 1951 Coup d’etat,” 11 December 1951. 108 NARA, RG 59 Central Decimal File 1950-1954 Box 4190, Turner to Secretary of State, 3 December 1951.; NA, FO 371/92957, Whittington to Foreign Office, 5 December 1951. 109 NA, FO 371/92957, Whittington to Foreign Office, 7 December 1951.; NARA, RG 59 General Records of Department of State, Central Decimal File 1950-1954 Box 4188, Tunner to

118 “ ” .. “” . . . 110 2475 2475 2495 . 2475 2495 . Secretary of State, 8 December 1951.; NARA, CIA Records search Tool (CREST),CIA- RDP79T01146A000600190001-6, 18 December 1951, “King reported prepared to abdicated”. 110 NA, FO 371/92957, Wallinger to Foreign Office, ”Coup d’etat in Siam,” 5 December 1951. “ ” (NARA, CIA Records search Tool (CREST), CIA-RDP79T01146A000700010001-4, 2 January 1952, “Split in ruling clique presages early Coup”). 8 2495 2475 “ ” ( [Online] www.krisdika.go.th [11 2553])

- 119 7 8 112 111 “ ”“ 113 2494 . 114 . ” .. 115 111 NARA , RG 59 Central Decimal File 1950-1954 Box 4185 , Memorandum of Conversation ; Nai Sang Pathanotai, N.B. Hannah , 8 March 1951. .. - . . ; NARA, RG 59 Central Decimal File 1950-1954 Box 4185, Bangkok to Secretary of State, ”Monthly Political Report for March 1952,” 21 April 1952. 112 NARA, RG 59 Central Decimal File 1950-1954 Box 4185, Bangkok to Secretary of State, ”Monthly Political Report for March 1952,” 21 April 1952. 113 NARA, RG 59 Central Decimal File 1950-1954 Box 4185, Memorandum of Conversation Nai Sang Pathanotai and N.B. Hannah, ”King, Constitution, Phibun and Coup Group,” 7 March 1951.; NA, FO 371/101166, Whittington to Foreign Office, 10 March 1952. 114 NARA, CIA Records search Tool (CREST), CIA-RDP79T01146A000600200001-4, 19 December 1951, “1947 coup group gains complete dominance of government”; NARA, RG 59 Central Decimal File 1950-1954 Box 4185, Bangkok to Secretary of State,” Monthly Political Report for March 1952,” 21 April 1952. 115 Tarling, Britain, Southeast Asia and the Impact of Korean War, p. 206.

120 4.8 2494 “ ”. .. .. “ ”116 .. “” 2495 .. 117 2475 2495 .. ... “” 116 NARA, CIA Records search Tool (CREST), CIA-RDP79T01146A000700010001-4 , 2 January 1952, “Split in ruling clique presages early Coup”; NARA, CIA Records search Tool (CREST), CIA-RDP79T00975A000500340001-8, 23 January 1952, “Reports of Political unrest in Thailand continue”. 117 NARA, RG 59 Central Decimal File 1950-1954 Box 4185, Memorandum of Conversation Nai Tiang Sirikhan and Robert Anderson, ”Internal Political Situation ,” 31 March 1952. 25 2 2490 . . .. ..

121 . . 118 . 2494 .. “” 119 .. 120 “” 2 .. 121 118 NARA, CIA Records search Tool (CREST), CIA-RDP79T00975A000600110001-2, 7 March 1952, “Political showdown in Thailand reportedly imminent ”; NARA, RG 59 Central Decimal File 1950-1954 Box 4185, Bangkok to Secretary of State, ”Monthly Political Report for March 1952,” 21 April 1952. 119 NARA, CIA Records search Tool (CREST), CIA-RDP79T01146A001200230001-4, 10 September 1952, “General Phao reportedly negotiating with former Thai army leaders”. . . “” 120 NA, FO 371/101168, Chancery to Foreign Office, 21 July 1952. 121 NARA, RG 59 Central Decimal File 1950-1954 Box 4185, Memorandum of Conversation Nai Tiang Sirikhan and Robert Anderson, ” Internal Political Situation,” 9 October 1952.; NARA, RG

122 .. 122 4.9 . ” 123 . “ “ ”“ . .. .. “ “ ”124 “ ” “ 2495 ” .. “ ”“ .. “ .. ” 59 Central Decimal File 1950-1954 Box 4185, Bangkok to Secretary of State, ”Monthly Political Report for August-September 1952 ,” 27 October 1952. 122 NARA, RG 59 Central Decimal File 1950-1954 Box 4185, Memorandum of Conversation Nai Tiang Sirikhan and Robert Anderson, ”Internal Political Situation,” 9 October 1952. 123 Somsak , “The Communist Movement in Thailand”. 124 NARA, CIA Records search Tool (CREST), CIA-RDP79T01146A001300150001-2, 13 August 1952, “Phao denies Thai police knew of departure of Peiping delegates”. “ ” 2495 ( , 21 , 108-109). , 101 -90 , 2 2 .. , 2545], ( [: 125).

123 ” .. .. .. .. 125 “” .. . 2495 126 .. “ 127 ”“ ” 12 .. 3 . 13 128 125 NARA, RG 59 General Records of Department of State, Central Decimal file 1950-1954 Box 4186, Memorandum of Conversation General Phao and Hannah, “Current Politics,” 16 August 1952. 126 NA, FO 371/101168, Wallinger to Foreign Office, 27 November 1952.; Wallinger to Foreign Office, 28 November 1952. 127 Somsak, “The Communist Movement in Thailand,” pp. 335-340. “ ”“ .“ ”“ ” “” “ ” . .(NARA, RG 59 Central Decimal File 1950- 1954 Box 4189, “ 7,” 24 2495). 128 “Stanton to The Secretary of States, 14 November 1952,” in Foreign Relations of the United States 1952-1954 Vol.12,(Washington D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1987), p.657.;

.. .. ” 124 . “ “ . “ ” 129 130 .. ” . 2496 . . 131 NARA, CIA Records search Tool (CREST), CIA-RDP79T00975A000900470001-0, 6 December 1952, “Thai Premier concerned over Communist activities”; . . 1 / 668 24 . .2495 (13-21 2495). 129 “Stanton to The Secretary of States, 14 November 1952,” in Foreign Relations of the United States 1952-1954 Vol.12, p.656.; NA, FO 371/101168, Whittington to Foreign Office, 13 November 1952. 130 .(2) . 0201.89 / 10 (23 2493-13 2496) 29 2495. 131 “Stanton to The Department of States-Summary of Thai Political and Economic Situation as of January 1953-23 January 1953,” in Foreign Relations of the United States 1952-1954 Vol.12, pp.659-660.

5.1 5 (20 2496-20 2504) 2496-2497 . (Dwight D. Eisenhower) - 1 2 (Walter Bendell Smith) 3 1 The Pentagon Papers, p. 6. 2 The Dwight D. Eisenhower Library, Paper as President of United States 1953-1961 (Ann Whitman file) box 4 NSC summery of discussion, National Intelligence Estimate Resistance of Thailand, Burma ,and Malaya to Communist Pressures in the event of a Communist Victory in Indochina in 1951, 15 March 1951. 3 NARA, RG 469 Entry 1385, U.S. Policy in Thailand, 7 August 1951.

125 2493 4 - 5 6 2496 245 7 2496 (MAAG) 4 Neher, “Prelude to Alliance: The Expansion of American Economic Interest in Thailand During The 1940s,” p. 327. 5 “1952 Policy Statement by U.S. on Goals in Southeast Asia,” in The Pentagon Papers, pp. 27-29. 6 Michael J. Hogan, Thomas G. Patterson, Explaning the History of American Foreign Relation,(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991), p. 155. 7 Dwight D. Eisenhower Library, White House Office, National Security Council Staff: Papers, 1953 -1961, Psychological Strategy Board Central Files Series Box 16, Summary of Department of State Revision of PSB-D 23, 24 July 1953. ( ... , 13 , 226, 157- 165).

126 . (John F. Dulles) 8 9 10 50,000 38,000 11 12 8 “Dulles to Wilson-The Secretary of Defense, 5 May 1953,” in Foreign Relations of the United States 1950 Vol.6, p. 666. 9 The Dwight D. Eisenhower Library, Paper as President of United States 1953-1961 (Ann Whitman file) box 4 NSC summery of discussion, Minutes of the 143 rd Meeting of the National Security Council, 6 May 1953. 10 “Memorandum of Conversation by the officer in charge of Thai and Malayan Affaires (Landon), May 6 , 1953,” in Foreign Relations of the United States 1950 Vol.6, p. 672. 11 NARA, CIA Records search Tool (CREST), CIA-RDP79T01146A001200150001-3, 19 May 1953, “NIE-96: Thailand’s Ability to withstand Communist Pressure or attacks”. 12 The Pentagon Papers, p. 7.

127 . . (C.D. Jackson) 13 (Robert Cutler) . (William J. Donovan) 14 . 2 . “” . 13 Dwight D. Eisenhower, Paper as President of United States 1953-1961 (Ann Whitman file) box 4 NSC summery of discussion, Minutes of the 143 rd Meeting of the National Security Council, 6 May 1953. . (2426-2502) 2496- 2497 2463 2483 (Brown, The Last Hero: Wild Bill Donovan. (New York: Vintage Books,1982), p. 824. 14 The Dwight D. Eisenhower Library, White House Office, Office of the Special Assistant for National Security Affaire: Record 1952-1961 NSC series, Briefing Notes Subseries box 16 file: Southeast Asia (1953-1961), Memorandum for General Smith-Chairman of Operations Coordinating Board from Robert Cutler-Special Assistant to the President, 10 September 1953.; Memorandum by Robert Cutler , Special Assistant to The President for National Security Affaires to The Chairman of The Operations Coordination Board (Smith), 10 ,August 1953,” in Foreign Relations of the United States 1950 Vol.6, pp.686-687.; Brown, The Last Hero: Wild Bill Donovan, p. 824.

15 128 of resistance) 16 “ ”(Bastion 17 “ ”(Warrior-Ambassador)18 5.2 “ ”“ ” 15 Dwight D. Eisenhower Library, John Foster Dulles Paper 1951-1959, Personnel Series Box 1, Robertson to Secretary of State, Possible designation of General William Donovan as Ambassador to Thailand, 2 June 1953. 16 I 0402-344-202-511-0005 . 28 2496 2 2493 4 2496 , “Memorandum of Conversation by the officer in charge of Thailand and Malayan Affaires (Landon), 29 July 1953,” in Foreign Relations of the United States 1950 Vol.6, pp.679-680. 17 The Dwight D. Eisenhower Library, White House Office, Office of the Special Assistant for National Security Affaire : Record 1952-1961 NSC series, Briefing Notes Subseries box 16 file: Southeast Asia (1953-1961), Memorandum for General Cutler from W.B. Smith, 11 September 1953.; Anthony Cave Brown, The Last Hero: Wild Bill Donovan, p. 824. 18 Ibid., pp. 822-823.

129 19 2496 (U.S. Psychological Strategy based on Thailand) 20 1954 1,500,000 21 (USIA) 22 (Para-military) “” 19 NARA, CIA Records search Tool (CREST), CIA-RDP80R01443R000100300007-2, 13 August 1953, “NSC briefing Thailand”. 20 “Memorandum of Conversation at the 161 st Meeting of the National Security , 9 August 1953,” in Foreign Relations of the United States 1950 Vol.6, p. 685.; Dwight D. Eisenhower Library, White House Office, National Security Council Staff: Papers, 1948-1961, Operations Coordinating Board Central File Service Box 2, Memorandum for James S. Lay, Jr.-Executive Secretary National Security Council, Special Report on Thailand, 12 July 1954. 21 The Dwight D. Eisenhower Library, White House Office, Office of the Special Assistant for National Security Affaire: Record, 1952-1961 NSC series, Briefing Notes Subseries box 16 file: Southeast Asia (1953-1961), U.S. Psychological Strategy based on Thailand, 8 September 1953. 22 The Dwight D. Eisenhower Library, White House Office, Office of the Special Assistant for National Security Affaire: Record, 1952-1961 NSC series, Briefing Notes Subseries box 16 file: Southeast Asia (1953-1961), Memorandum for General Smith-Chairman of Operations Coordinating Board from Robert Cutler-Special Assistant to the President, 10 September 1953.

23 130 .. . ((Maj. Gen William N. Gillmore) 24 25 26 2497 23 “U.S. Psychological Strategy Based on Thailand”(PSB-D23), 14 ,August 1953,” in Foreign Relations of the United States 1952-1954 Vol.12,(Washington : Government Printing Office,1987), pp. 688-691. 24 “Gillmore-The Chief of the Joint Military Mission to Thailand to The Joint Chief Staff, 30 September 1953,” in Foreign Relations of the United States 1952-1954 Vol.12, pp. 695-697. 25 NARA, RG 59 Central Decimal File 1950-1954 box 4187, Donovan to Secretary of State, 17 October 1953. 26 Special Study Mission to Southeast Asia and The Pacific report by Walter H. Judd, Minnesota; Margerite Stitt Church, Illinois; E. Ross Adair, Indiana; Clement J. Zablocki, Wisconsin, 29 January 1954, printed for the used of the Committee on Foreign Affaire,( WashingtonD.C.: United States Government Printing Office, 1954), pp. 56-59.

131 27 28 29 30 (William F. Knownland) “ 27 NARA, RG 84 box 2, Top Secret General Record 1947-1958, Statement of Policy by the National Security Council on United States objectives and courses of action with respect to Southeast Asia ,1954. 28 The Pentagon Papers, p.6 . 29 iIbid., p. 825. 30 Ibid., p. 825.

132 ” . .31 5.3 2497 32 2 17 - 33 34 2497 12,000,000 - 55,800,000 2495, 2496 35 38,900,000 (JUSMAG) 31 NA, FO 371/112261, Wallinger to Foreign Office, Annual Report on Thailand for 1953, 18 January 1954. 32 Kahin, Intervention: How American become involved in Vietnam, p. 3.; The Pentagon Papers, p. 5-7. 33 David L. Anderson, Trapped by Success: The Eisenhower Administration and Vietnam, 1953-1961,(New York: Columbia University Press, 1991), p. 73. 34 Dwight D. Eisenhower, Mandate For Change, 1953-1956,(New York: Doubleday & Company, 1963), p. 333. 35 Surachart Bamrungsuk, United States Foreign Policy and Thailand Military Rule 1947– 1977, p. 57.

133 36 2497 . . . 37 . 38 39 5.4 - 2436 25 36 . . ,“ ,” 1, 1 ( 2497): 76.; . . 7 / 5 4 (5 2495 – 5 2500), 3 27 2497.; Brown, The Last Hero: Wild Bill Donovan, p. 826. 37 NARA, RG 84 box 1, Top Secret General Records 1947-1958, Memorandum G.B. Erskine to Donovan, 6 April 1954. 38 Dwight D. Eisenhower Library, White House Office, National Security Council Staff: Papers 1948-1961, Operations Coordinating Board Central File Service Box 2 , Memorandum for James S. Lay, Jr.-Executive Secretary National Security Council, Special Report on Thailand, 12 July 1954. 39 Library of Congress, CK3100297663, October 1954, Thailand: An American Dilemma.

134 .. 40 76 “ ”41 200 42 2495 (John Hart) .. 40 Lobe and Morell, “Thailand’s Border Patrol Police: Paramilitary Political Power,” in Supplemental Military Forces: Reserve, Militarias, Auxiliaries, eds. Louis A. Zurcher and Gwyn Harries Jenkins(Berverly Hills and London: SAGE, 1978), p.158.; Lobe, United States National Security Policy and Aid to The Thailand Police, p. 20-23.; . . , , 3.; . . . ,“ ,” 40 .(6 2536), 39.; ( .) 2496 . (Lobe, United States National Security Policy and Aid to The Thailand Police, p. 24). 41 . . . , ,( : ), 207. 42 ,“ . . ,” 24 ( 2517): 334. 2 2495 .. (Lobe, United States National Security Policy and Aid to The Thailand Police, p. 24.; E. Thadeus Flood, The United States and the Military Coup in Thailand : A Background Study,[California: Indochina Resource Center, 1976], p. 1).

“” 135 43 . (Allen Welsh Dulles) (Max Bishop) .. . 44 45 .. 300 . . 2496 4,500 43 . . , , 2, 8, 76-77. .. .. M3-A .; Lobe , United States National Security Policy and Aid to The Thailand Police, p. 23. 44 . . , , 225-226. “… …” . ( Walter P. Kusmule) . ( Alfred C. Ulmer Jr.) . . (Harry Lambert) . . . (Eben F. Swift) 3 .. . (Robert H. Zimmemn) ; .(3) . 0201.21.3/101 5 (8-11 2499). 45 Flood, The United States and the Military Coup in Thailand: A Background Study, p. 1.

46 136 48,000 2498-2499 .. ... 47 10,000 48 2497 45,000 49 .. 5.5 (Parachute Battalion) 46 “Lansdale Memo for Taylor on Unconventional Warfare, July 1961,” in The Pentagon Papers, p.133-134.; Lobe and Morell, “Thailand’s Border Patrol Police: Paramilitary Political Power,” Supplemental Military Forces: Reserve, Militarias, Auxiliaries, p. 157. 47 Flood, The United States and the Military Coup in Thailand: A Background Study, p. 1. 48 Alfred W. McCoy, The Politics of Heroin in Southeast Asia,(New York: Harper Colophon Books, 1973), p.138. “… ..” ( . . . , “ ,” 40 .(6 2536), [ : ,2536], 75). 49 Lobe, United States National Security Policy and Aid to The Thailand Police, p. 23.; . . . , 13 , 171.; . . . , ,( : , 2522), 79.

137 2496 50 - .. 51 .. .. 52 .. .. - 53 50 NARA, RG 469 Entry Thailand subject files 1950-1957 box 7, Charles N. Spinks to Secretary of State , 6 October 1952.; Conversation with General Sarit Thanarat.; Memorandum of Conversation with General Sarit , General Thanom and Colonel Gerald W. David-MAAG, 4 October 1952.; , CIA : ,” ( 2517): 17-18. 51 Flood, The United States and the Military Coup in Thailand: A Background Study, p. 2, 129.; Lobe, United States National Security Policy and Aid to The Thailand Police, pp. 23-24. 52 Flood, The United States and the Military Coup in Thailand: A Background Study, p. 1. 53 , “CIA : ,”: 19.; (JUSMAG) (Counterintelligence Agency) (Psychological Warfare)

138 5.6 . . 2497 .. 2496 55,800,000 .. 38,900,000 2497 54 55 . . (27 -9 .. 2497) ... . . (H. Struve Hensel) . 56 “” 400 4 30 3 ( .. 7/6 4 (19 2497 – 18 2500) 6 / 2499 13 2499). 54 Surachart Bamrungsuk, United States Foreign Policy and Thailand Military Rule 1947– 1977, p. 57. 55 . . ,“ ,” 1, 4 ( 2497): 29-30. 56 . . 0201.15 /5 (30 – 10 2497).; ,4 2497.; , 26 2497. .. .. . ... . ..