ชุดฝึกอบรมCEFR สพป.อุดรธานี เขต 4

16. Who was hired to write an evolution report for the Palace? (A) Howard Bryant (B) Todd Hofstadter (C) Linda Norell (D) The internet service provider 19. Which of the following issues will probably receive attention first? (A) Food (B) Fitness equipment (C) Wi-Fi signal (D) Cleanliness 17. According to the feedback form, which of the following were unsatisfactory? (A) Food and Cleanliness (B) Food and Business Center (C) Fitness Center and Cleanliness (D) Wi-Fi signal and Fitness equipment 20. What did My. Bryant ask Mr. Hofstadter to do? (A) To pay My. Bryant a visit (B) To provide My. Bryant with his available schedule (C) To replace all the fitness equipment (D) To contact the Internet service provider 18. What can be inferred from the e-mail? (A) In six months, guests who stay at The Palace can benefit from Hi-speed Wi- Fi Internet. (B) Linda Norell stayed at The Palace for her own pleasure. (C) The equipment in Fitness Center is relatively new. (D) The will be probably be a meeting between Mr. Bryant and Mr. Hofstadter this week. Notes ✍ Feedback (N.) = คำตชิ ม, กำรตอบกลบั Restaurant Ambiance (NP.) = บรรยำกำศภำยในห้องอำหำร Overall (ADJ., ADV.) = ทงั้ หมด; (N.) รวมทัง้ สิน้ Quality (N.) = คุณภำพ 98

Mystery shopper (NP.) = ลูกคำ้ นิรนำม, ลูกค้ำจำลอง (ผบู้ รโิ ภคสนิ ค้ำท่ีไดร้ บั มอบหมำยจำกบริษทั ใหเ้ ข้ำตรวจสอบคณุ ภำพของ สินคำ้ และบรกิ ำรโดยไม่เปดิ เผยตวั ตน) Region (N.) = ภมู ิภำค, บรเิ วณ Concern about (PHRV.) = สนใจเก่ยี วกับ Bear with (PHRV.) =อดทนตอ่ Replace (V.) = แทนที่ Convenient (ADJ.) = สะดวกสบำย E-mails and announcements Questions 21-25 refer to the following announcement and e-mail. 99

100

21. Why did Paul Bannett write an e-mail to Laurel Lance? (A) To provide his sponsorship for the project (B) To respond to her e-mail sent to him yesterday (C) To apply for the announced position (D) To announce a volunteer opportunity 24. How old is Paul? (A) 16 years old (B) 20 years old (C) 22 years old (D) 24 years old 22. Which of the following skills is NOT mentioned as what a volunteer would have a chance to learn? (A) Webpage designing (B) Music producing (C) Acting (D) Researching 25. What does Paul request in his e-mail? (A) An opportunity to make a TV show (B) Permission to join the RP football club (C) A permanent position with the foundation (D) Special consideration for his case 23. What is attached to the e-mail? (A) An application (B) Paul’s works (C) A recommendation letter (D) The announcement in yesterday’s paper Notes ✍ Volunteer (N.) = อำสำสมคั ร Enthusiastic (ADJ.) = กระตอื รอื รน้ Individual (ADJ., N.) = (แตล่ ะ) บุคคล Come across (PHRV.) = เกดิ ขนึ้ , พบโดยบงั เอิญ Earn (V.) = ไดร้ บั (รำยได้) Hands-on (SL.) = ทเ่ี กย่ี วขอ้ งโดยตรง Specify (V.) = กำหนด, ระบุ Acceptable (ADJ.) = ทย่ี อมรบั ได้ 101

E-mails and newspaper articles Questions 26-30 refer to the following e-mail and newspaper article. 102

26. What is the purpose of Ms. Janney’s e-mail? (A) To ask her subscribe for Working Mothers magazine (B) To express her concern and make a request (C) To implement a telecommuting program (D) To come back to work 29. According to the article, what is the main obstacle for mothers to go back to work? (A) A lack of flexible jobs (B) Their children (C) The training (D) Their former employees 27. What does Ms. Janney ask Ms. Conway to read? (A) A letter (B) Working Mothers magazine (C) A memo (D) A newspaper article 30. What will Anne probably do when there is a job opening? (A) Consult Working Mother magazine (B) Speak to Allison Janney (C) Contact recruiting agencies (D) Conduct a survey 28. How many percent of women had to take lower-level position when going back to work? (A) 20 percent (B) 30 percent (C) 50 percent (D) 60 percent Notes ✍ Equal opportunity (NP.) = โอกำสทเ่ี ท่ำเทียมกัน Telecommuting program (NP.) = โปรแกรมกำรสอ่ื สำรทำงไกล Flexible (ADJ.) ยืดหยุ่น, ปรบั ตัวเขำ้ กบั สถำนกำรณ์ Recruiting agencies (NP.) = บริษทั จดั หำงำน Struggle (V.) ดิ้นร้น, ต่อสู้; (N.) ควำมพยำยำม, กำรต่อสู้ Unable (ADJ.) ซงึ่ ไม่สำมำรถ Indicate (V.) = บ่งบอก, แสดง Disclose (V.) = เปดิ เผย Undergo (V.) = เผชญิ กับ Significant (ADJ.) = ทีส่ ำคญั 103

The main barrier (NP.) = ปัญหำหลกั Lack of (+ N.) = ขำดแคลน (ส่งิ ใดสง่ิ หนึง่ ) In order to (+ V1) = เพือ่ ทีจ่ ะ.... E-mails and newspaper schedules Questions 31-35 refer to the following schedule and e-mail. 104

31. Who would most likely to attend the workshop? (A) High school students (B) People who are currently enrolled at Del Monte College (C) College workers (D) Newspaper 34. According to her e-mail, where will Julian Morris be on Wednesday, September 5th at 6:30 pm? (A) In room CF 103 (B) In a meeting (C) In the Tutoring Center (D) In room CF 101 32. Whose workshop will focus on getting good grades? (A) Julian Morris (B) Sean Andres (C) Sarah Dallas (D) Robert Bailey 35. What is Melissa Tracy asked to do? (A) Contact Julian after a new schedule has been arranged (B) Lead a workshop (C) Cancel Julian’s workshop (D) Switch Sean’s time slot with Robert’s 33. Why did Julian Morris write an e-mail to Melissa Tracy? (A) To acknowledge the schedule Melissa sent her (B) To remind Melissa of the next meeting (C) To let Melissa know that she cannot lead her workshop on the scheduled day (D) To cancel her workshop Notes ✍ Workshop (N.) = กำรสมั มนำเชงิ ปฏิบตั กิ ำร Raise (V.) = ยกขนึ้ , ทำให้เพ่มิ ข้นึ Strategy (N.) = วธิ กี ำร, กลวธิ ี Briefly looking at (PHRV.) = ตรวจดูอยำ่ งครำ่ วๆ Attend (V.) = เข้ำรว่ ม Conflict (N.) = ควำมขัดแย้ง Switch (V.) = เปลีย่ นสลบั Time slot (NP.) = ชว่ งเวลำ As soon as (CONJ.) = ทันทที ี่ 105

E-mails and e-mails Questions 36-40 refer to the following e-mails. 106

36. What is the purpose of the first e-mail? (A) To make a complaint (B) To announce the party plan (C) To offer a suggestion (D) To invite Mr. Dalton to a party 39. What will Joseph Morgan do next? (A) He will go out to buy a gift card. (B) He will announce the winner of this month’s “Intern of the Month.” (C) He will nominate an intern to be an “Intern of the Month.” (D) He will write a memo informing all of the staff about the party 37. In the first e-mail, the word “initiative” in paragraph 3, line 2, is closest in meaning to (A) New plan (B) Inactivity (C) Performance (D) promotion 40. What did Mr. Dalton ask Mr. Morgan to do? (A) To go out and buy a gift card (B) To provide Mr. Dalton with the party details (C) To announce the winner of this month’s “Intern of the Month” (D) To join the party 38. What will the value of the gift card be? (A) $10 (B) $25 (C) $50 (D) $100 Notes ✍ Nomination (N.) = กำรแต่งต้งั , กำรเสนอช่ือ Nominate (V.) = แต่งต้งั , เสนอช่ือ Internship (N.) = กำรฝึกงำน Approach (V.) =ใกลเ้ ข้ำมำ Set up (PHRV.) จดั ตัง้ , ตงั้ ข้ึน Recognition program (NP.) = โปรแกรมสร้ำงแรงจูงใจ (กำรกิจกรรมเพอื่ ชื่นชมคนที่ทำงำนดี เพื่อสรำ้ งแรงจงู ใจใหก้ บั พนกั งำน) Dedication (N.) = กำรอทุ ิศให้ Initiative (N.) = กำรเรมิ่ ต้น, ควำมรเิ รมิ่ Acknowledge (V.) = แสดงควำมขอบคุณ 107

Permission (N.) = ควำมยนิ ยอม Proceed (V.) = ดำเนนิ กำร Upon your approval = เม่อื ไหร่ท่ีคุณไดท้ ำกำรอนมุ ัติ That’s was very thoughtful of you. = ขอบคุณทีน่ ึกถึงกัน, คุณช่ำงเป็นคนท่ีเอำใจใส่ Questions 41-44 refer to the following e-mails. To: “The Shoe People” [email protected]> Cc: From: “John Trimbald” <[email protected]> Subject: Customer Complaint To whom it may concern, I have trusted the Shoe People to protect the feet of my employees for over ten years now. I recently purchased a few pairs of boots from your company for my crew. Though my men were initially satisfied with the boots, the soles began to fall apart on them after just twelve weeks. This was extremely surprising considering they came with a six year warranty. The boots are unsafe to wear because my men are pouring hot concrete. Please respond as soon as possible with instructions on how I can return the boots and receive a refund. Thank you, John Trimbald John Trimbald, Foreman, JT Construction 108

The Shoe People 22 Circular Rd. Castle rock, Northern Ireland BT51 6TP John Trimbald JT Construction 22 Mark Lane Rd. London, England EC3R 4BT January 3rd, 2008 Dear Mr. Trimbald, Thank you for your e-mail concerning the poor quality of our rubber soled black workboots. A representative will be by your office next week to pick up the damaged boots. We apologize for any inconvenience this has caused you and your crew. Along with five new pairs of workboots for your crew (we included one extra pair), we have enclosed a free year’s supply of sole protector spray. In our retail stores, this spray is always recommended to buyers who work on heated floors. This should have been brought to your attention at the time of your initial order (received by telephone on October 12, 2007). Please excuse our oversight. To date we have had no complaints about these workboots from customers who have used the protector spray. However, should you use the spray and find that you are still unsatisfied with the boots, please return the boots and spray for a full refund. Thank you for supporting The Shoe People. Have a Happy New Year. Sincerely, Stan Mason, President 109

41. Which company was unsatisfied? (A) Stan Mason’s company (B) The Shoe People (C) JT Construction (D) The sole company 44. What should John Trimbald do if he remains unsatisfied? (A) Return just the spray (B) Call the President (C) Mail another letter (D) Request a refund 42. How many people are on John Trimbald’s crew? (A) Four (B) Five (C) Six (D) Twelve 43. What is the spray used for? (A) To protect the boots from water (B) To protect the soles from heat (C) To protect the floors from soles (D) To protect the boots from rubber Notes ✍ Recently (ADV.) = เรว็ ๆนี้ Crew (N.) = กลมุ่ คนท่ที ำงำนร่วมกัน Satisfied (ADJ.) = พึงพอใจ Warranty (N.) = กำรรับประกัน Sole (N.) = ฝ่ำเทำ้ ; (ADJ.) โดดเดย่ี ว Pour (V.) = เท Retail stores (NP.) = รำ้ นคำ้ ขำยปลกี Excuse (V.) = ใหอ้ ภัย Complaint (N.) = กำรรอ้ งทกุ ข์, ควำมไม่พอใจ Concerning + N = เกยี่ วข้องกับ A representative (N.) = ตวั แทน The poor quality (NP.) = คณุ ภำพไมด่ ี To be unsatisfied with = ไม่พอใจกับ For a full refund = ไดค้ นื จำนวนเตม็ To whom it may concern = ถงึ ผทู้ ีเ่ กยี่ วข้อง (เป็นกำรขน้ึ ต้นจดหมำยอยำ่ งเป็นทำงกำร ไมม่ ีทอี่ ยู่หรือบคุ คลเฉพำะเจำะจงทีต่ ้องกำรส่งถงึ ) To apologize for any inconvenience = ขอโทษสำหรับควำมสะดวกทเ่ี กดิ ข้ึน To be brought to your attention = ส่ิงทหี่ ยิบยกขึ้นมำ Please excuse our oversight = กรณุ ำใหอ้ ภยั สำหรบั กำรละเลยเรำ Thank you for your supporting+ the name of the shop = ขอบคณุ ที่อุดหนนุ (รำ้ น.....) 110

Multiple Passages Triple Passages (บทความ 3 บทความ) Questions 1-5 refer to the following advertisement, online shopping cart, and e-mail. 111

(Source: https://www.iibc-global.org/toeic/test/lr/about/format/sample07_04.html) 1. In the advertisement, the word “top” in paragraph 1, line 2, is closest in meaning to? (A) maximum (B) favorite (C) important (D) upper 4. Which color does Mr. Phan indicate that he likes? (A) Caspian Blue (B) Deep Sea Blue (C) Stormy Blue (D) Misty Gray 2. What are Sparky Paints customers advised to do? (A) Apply an adhesive to color samples (B) Visit a store to compare paint colors (C) Adjust the color on their computer monitor (D) Order samples of several similar colors 5. What problem does Mr. Phan mention in his e-mail? (A) He received the wrong item. (B) He was charged the wrong price. (C) The delivery time was too long. (D) The instructions were too confusing. 3. What is most likely true about order #3397? 112

(A) It arrived within two business days. (B) It included an extra sample. (C) It was shipped in February. (D) It contained four gallons of paint. Notes ✍ Browse through (PHRV.) = ค้นหำผ่ำน Typical (ADJ.) = ซงึ่ เป็นแบบอยำ่ ง Home-improvement stores (NP.) = ร้ำนขำยอุปกรณก์ อ่ สร้ำงและของตกแต่งบำ้ น Self-adhesive backing (NP.) = ระบบปอ้ งกันกำรซมึ Adhere (V.) = ติด Coordinate (V.) = ทำใหป้ ระสำนกัน Syn. Harmonize, Correlate Business day (NP.) = วนั ทำกำร An additional expedited shipping fee (NP.) = ค่ำธรรมเนียมกำรส่งแบบด่วนทีเ่ พมิ่ ข้ึน Differ slightly (PHRV.) = แตกตำ่ งเลก็ น้อย Similar shades (NP.) = สที ี่คลำ้ ยๆกัน Unfortunately (ADV.) = โชคไมด่ ี, นำ่ เสยี ดำย Ant. fortunately Confused (ADJ.) = สบั สน Additional sample (NP.) = ตัวอย่ำงทเ่ี พ่ิมขึน้ Questions 6-10 refer to the following advertisement and e-mails. Anything, Anywhere, Anytime! Introducing the all-new Access Plus card from Cashcorp – the card that does it all! Choose from Blue (budget) Silver (standard), Gold or Platinum depending on your needs, and start taking advantage of a host of exclusive benefits. *Special Offer: Apply for a Gold Card during the month of November and we'll waive the annual fee for the first twelve months. *Mileage Policy: You can get domestic flight from 5,000 mileage, and international flight from 10,000 mileage for free. Apply online or visit any branch to obtain an application form. Customers are encouraged to fully read the Product Disclosure Statement before lodging an application. Visit www.cashcorp.com/accessplus. 113

To: [email protected] From: Chris Nightingale <[email protected]> Date: January 17 Subject: Billing error To whom it may concern, I applied for a Cashcorp Gold Card last month after seeing an advertisement in the local newspaper. I received an SMS this morning indicating that $99 has been charged to my account, despite not making any purchases for that amount. I am also yet to receive a monthly statement in the mail to help me keep track of my outgoings. Please confirm that you have the correct details on your records. I would appreciate your prompt attention with regards to this matter. Yours sincerely, Chris Nightingale To: Chris Nightingale <[email protected]> From: Julie Carrington <[email protected]> Date: January 18 Subject: Re: Billing error Dear Mr. Nightingale, Thank you for your inquiry. I have looked into the situation and found that the amount you mentioned is for the annual membership fee – a requirement for your particular card type. Only budget and standard cardholders are exempt from an annual fee. Please also be aware that Cashcorp is now a certified \"Green-wise\" company. As such, paper statements are no longer issued. Alternatively, you can view all of your transaction records, special offers, and security announcements 24 hours a day via our online facility or by downloading our exclusive app. I sincerely apologize for the misunderstanding. If I can be of any more assistance, please let me know. Kind regards, Julie Carrington (Source: https://www.alc.co.jp/toeic/newtoeic/160401.html) 6. What kind of product is being advertised? (A) A gift card (B) A credit card (C) A greeting card (D) A business card 114

9. What can be implied about Cashcorp? (A) It has branches overseas. (B) It is environmentally focused. (C) It is an airline for budget travelers. (D) It advertises online. 7. Which cards can be used to obtain free air travel? (A) Blue and Gold (B) Platinum and Silver (C) Gold and Silver (D) Platinum and Gold 1 What is suggested about Mr. Nightingale's 0. statement? (A) It was delivered to the wrong address. (B) It was mailed with a discount coupon. (C) It was not sent due to a policy change. (D) It was re-issued to include a refund. 8. Why was the amount charged to Mr. Nightingale’s account? (A) He applied after a deadline. (B) He is a new customer. (C) He requested a replacement card. (D) He purchased an exclusive app. Notes ✍ Budget (N.) = งบประมำณ Depend on (PHRV.) = ข้นึ อยูก่ บั Take advantage of (PHRV.) = ได้รบั ผลประโยชน์ Exclusive benefits (NP.) = ผลประโยชนส์ ุดพิเศษ Waive (V.) = ระงับไว้ช่วั ครำว Mileage Policy (NP.) = นโยบำยกำรสะสมไมล์ Domestic flight (NP.) = สำยกำรบนิ ภำยในประเทศ Lodging an application (NP.) = ยนื่ ใบสมัคร A monthly statement (NP.) = ใบแจง้ ยอดรำยเดือน Keep track of (PHRV.) = ติดตำม Outgoing (N.) = ยอดเงนิ ทตี่ ้องจำ่ ย Look into (PHRV.) = ตรวจสอบ Transaction records (N.) = บนั ทึกธุรกรรม Thank you for your inquiry. ขอบคณุ สำหรับกำรสอบถำม Questions 11-12 refer to the following notice and e-mails. 115

(Source: http://blog.englishmeup.com) 116

11. Which membership did Ms.Rose most likely purchase this year? (A) Online (B) Basic (C) Plus (D) Gold 12. When would a special exhibition not be free to museum members? (A) In January (B) In May (C) In August (D) In October Notes ✍ Affordable (ADJ.) = รำคำทยี่ ่อมเยำว์ รำคำทส่ี ำมำรถจำ่ ยได้ Ant. Unaffordable Enthusiasts (N.) = ผทู้ ม่ี ีควำมกระตือรือรน้ Museum coffee mug (N.) = แกว้ กำแฟของพพิ ธิ ภัณฑ์ Exhibition (N.) = นทิ รรศกำร Renew (V.) = ต่ออำยุ Renovation (N.) = กำรซ่อมแซมใหม่, กำรบรู ณะ Agricultural life (N.) = วถิ เี กษตรกรรม Natural Habitat (N.) = แหลง่ ที่อยอู่ ำศยั ตำมธรรมชำติ A yearly tradition (N.) = ธรรมเนียมประจำปี 117

Questions 13-14 refer to the following article and e-mails. From: Mindy river <[email protected]> To: Col White <[email protected]> Subject: Data request Date: July 7 Dear Col, I am writing in reply to your request for approval on the purchase of some market research data from JLC Group. I understand that you would like to use the newest figures for your article on social networks, but we should really weight the costs against the benefits. Collins Analytics provides the previous year’s data for free and I don’t think much has changed since last year. I’ll let you decide which to use, but please keep the magazine’s profit margin in mind when making your decision. Sincerely, EMAdiniNtdoeyrwiRniSvCoehcrisieafl–NReutwshorPku–blBicyaCtoiol Wnshite According to market research company, JLC Group, the popularity of social networking has grown by 20 percent in the last months. This is largely thanks to mobile computing technology which has allowed users to get updates wherever they are. Skylix is great for keeping people in touch with their friends’ lives with its chat capabilities and news feeds. On the other hand, VallyZone allows people to send photographs to each other instantly and make comments on them. Then, there is Tappers, which allows users to reach board audiences of people interested in certain topics. It seems hard to imagine that a new company could get started this late in the game. The major networks are huge with very sophisticated interfaces and extremely flexible capabilities. Nevertheless, a new company has recently come on the scene, and it is growing rapidly. Forumz is a social network for people who share certain hobbies. It is not for broad hobbies like gardening or fishing so much as it is for people with very specific interests such as raising a rare orchid or using a particular kind of fish rod. 118

User Review by Chad Steven The interface for this software is really easy to use for sending photos to groups of people. However, commenting on the photos is difficult so I often wonder whether or not people have seen the photographs. I am putting online. (Source: https://gotcha.alc.co.jp/entry/20170530-book-part7) 13. What is suggested about Mr. White? (A) He previously worked at JLC Group. (B) He is a cooperate accountant. (C) He interviewed representatives of Forumz. (D) He paid for market research data. 14. Which social network is the review most likely of? (A) Skyfix (B) VallyZone (C) Tappers (D) Forumz Notes ✍ The newest figures (NP.) = รปู แบบใหม่ล่ำสดุ The benefits (N.) = ผลประโยชน์ Syn. advantage Keep in touch with (PHRV.) = ตดิ ต่อกับ Capabilities (NP.) = ควำมสำมำรถ Syn. ability Certain topic (NP.) = ในหัวขอ้ ใดขอ้ หน่ึงเปน็ พิเศษ Sophisticated interfaces (NP.) = กำรเชอ่ื มต่อระหวำ่ งคอมพวิ เตอร์อยำ่ งชำญฉลำด Extremely flexible capabilities (NP.) = ควำมสำมำรถสงู ในกำรปรบั ตัว It is growing rapidly. กำลังเตบิ โตขน้ึ อยำ่ งรวดเรว็ 119

TOEIC Listening Test แบบทดสอบกำรฟังของ TOEIC ใช้เวลำสอบประมำณ 45 นำที และแบง่ ออกเปน็ 4 สว่ นดว้ ยกนั คอื สว่ นที่ 1 รปู ภำพ (Pictures) ส่วนท่ี 2 คำถำม-ตอบ (Question-Response) สว่ นท่ี 3 บทสนทนำ (Conversations) ส่วนท่ี 4 ประกำศ (Talks) ในกำรเตรยี มตัวทำแบบทดสอบกำรฟงั ของ TOEIC ทงั้ 4 ส่วน เรำจะตอ้ งพฒั นำทกั ษะในกำรวิเครำะห์ ดังนี้ ทกั ษะทีต่ อ้ งมี ส่วนท่ี 1 สว่ นที่ 2 สว่ นที่ 3 สว่ นท่ี 4 กำรวิเครำะหร์ ูปภำพ ✔ กำรวิเครำะหต์ ัวเลือกตอบ ✔✔✔✔ กำรวิเครำะหล์ กั ษณะของคำถำม ✔✔✔ กำรวิเครำะห์กำรใชภ้ ำษำ ✔✔✔ ส่วนท่ี 1 ต้องกำรทักษะในกำรวเิ ครำะหร์ ูปภำพและกำรวเิ ครำะห์ตัวเลอื กของคำตอบ แต่ในส่วนที่ 2 3 และ 4 ต้องกำร พัฒนำทักษะในกำรวิเครำะหต์ วั เลอื กตอบ ลกั ษณะของคำถำม และกำรใชภ้ ำษำ ซ่ึงถ้ำเรำพัฒนำทกั ษะเหลำ่ นกี้ ็จะช่วยใหเ้ รำเพ่มิ คะแนนสอบ TOEIC ของเรำด้วย กำรวิเครำะห์รูปภำพจะต้องพิจำรณำสิง่ ท่พี บในภำพดงั ตอ่ ไปน้ี 4. เหตกุ ำรณ์ที่กำลังเกดิ ขึน้ 1. ขอ้ สันนษิ ฐำน 5. สถำนทีโ่ ดยทัว่ ๆ ไป 6. สถำนทใ่ี ดท่หี นึ่งโดยจำเพำะเจำะจง 2. องค์ประกอบที่เปน็ คน 3. องค์ประกอบที่เป็นส่งิ ของ กำรวิเครำะหต์ ัวเลอื กของคำตอบ จะต้องฟงั และพจิ ำรณำวำ่ ตวั เลอื กประกอบไปดว้ ยอะไรบำ้ ง เชน่ 1. เสยี งท่คี ล้ำยกนั 5. เวลำ 2. คำที่มคี วำมหมำยสมั พันธก์ ัน เก่ยี วขอ้ งกัน 6. คำทม่ี คี วำมหมำยเป็นปฏเิ สธ 3. คำพ้องเสียง 7. กรยิ ำชว่ ย (Modal Verbs) 4. คำพอ้ งรปู ที่มคี วำมหมำยไม่เหมือนกัน 8. สง่ิ ท่ีเคยกระทำ (Used to) กำรวเิ ครำะหล์ ักษณะของคำถำม มกั จะเป็นคำถำมทีต่ อ้ งกำรคำตอบเก่ยี วกับเรอื่ งดังน้ี 1. ผูส้ นทนำ 7. เหตกุ ำรณ์ทเ่ี กดิ ขน้ึ หรือข้อเทจ็ จรงิ 2. อำชพี 8. อำรมณ์และควำมรสู้ ึก 3. ควำมสมั พนั ธร์ ะหวำ่ งผสู้ นทนำ 9. เหตุผล 4. สถำนท่ี/บริบทด้ำนสถำนท่ี 10. หนว่ ยช่ังตวงวดั /จำนวน 5. เวลำ/ระยะเวลำ/ชว่ งเวลำ 11. ควำมคิดเหน็ 6. กจิ กรรม/เหตุกำรณ์/สงิ่ ทกี่ ำลังกระทำอยู่ 12. หวั ขอ้ สนทนำ กำรวเิ ครำะหก์ ำรใช้ภำษำ 4. กำรรอ้ งขอ (Requests) 1. ประโยคเงื่อนไข (Conditionals) 5. กำรพดู ซำ้ /กำรทวน (Restatements) 2. กำรใหค้ ำแนะนำ (Suggestions) 3. กำรเสนอควำมช่วยเหลอื (Offers) 120

Learning new vocabulary through pictures กำรเรยี นรคู้ ำศพั ทใ์ หม่จำกภำพ Do you know? You can learn new words from things around you. Please take a look. Can you tell the words you see in the pictures? Start from nouns, verbs and then adjectives. รู้มยั้ ว่ำคนเรำสำมำรถเรยี นรู้คำศพั ทภ์ ำษำอังกฤษจำกส่งิ รอบตัวได้ดว้ ย ลองดูที่รูปภำพและบอกคำศัพท์ทีร่ ู้ เริ่มจำกคำนำม คำกรยิ ำ และคำคณุ ศัพท์ ตำมลำดบั Nouns Verbs Adjectives 121

Exercise 1 ในรปู ภำพประกอบไปดว้ ยอะไรบ้ำง จงเขียน “คำนำม” “คำกริยำ” และ “คำคุณศัพท์” ใหม้ ำกทีส่ ดุ What do you see in the pictures? Make a list of nouns, verbs and adjectives. 1. _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ 2. _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ 122

3. _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ 4. _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ 5. _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ 123

6. _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ 7. _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ 8. _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ 124

9. _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ 10. _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ 125

11. _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ 12. _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ กำรพจิ ำรณำรปู ภำพท่ีเห็น กำรอธิบำยรปู ภำพอำจจะพจิ ำรณำไดจ้ ำกขอ้ สันนษิ ฐำนและข้อเทจ็ จริงทีม่ องเห็นในรูปภำพ ดงั ตวั อย่ำง 1. ประโยคทเี่ ป็นจริง มองเหน็ จำกรปู ภำพได้อยำ่ งชัดเจน 1) This is a laboratory. 2) There are bottles on the shelves. 3) There is equipment on the counter. 4) The people are wearing protective clothing. 5) There are at least four people in the lab. 6) Wires run from the equipment. 2. ประโยคทเ่ี ปน็ จรงิ แตไ่ มส่ ำมำรถบอกไดช้ ดั เจนจำกรูปภำพท่ีเห็น 1) The people are lab technicians. ดเู หมือน technician แตก่ อ็ ำจจะเป็น pharmacist ไดด้ ว้ ย 2) The people are students with a teacher. ดูเปน็ อำจำรยแ์ ละนักศกึ ษำ แต่กอ็ ำจจะเปน็ ลกุ จ้ำงบริษัทได้ด้วย 3) The technicians are doing experiments. ดเู หมือนกำลังทำกำรทดลองและอำจจะดเู หมือนกำลังผสมสำรเคมี 126

จงลองดรู ูปภำพอีกครัง้ แล้วเขียนคำอธิบำยเพม่ิ เตมิ จำกขอ้ เท็จจรงิ ท่ีเหน็ ในรปู ภำพ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ Exercise 2 โดยทว่ั ไปแล้วแบบทดสอบรูปภำพจะมคี ำอธิบำยท่ีอ้ำงถงึ รำยละเอยี ดปลกี ยอ่ ยมำกกว่ำจะดจู ำกภำพรวมกว้ำงๆ จงพิจำรณำคำอธิบำยรูปภำพต่อไปน้วี ำ่ ถูกต้องหรอื ไม่ Statements that describe a photograph sometimes focus on small details, rather than the general context. Look at the photographs and write T (True) or F (False) for each statement. 127

1. One woman is holding a mug in her left hand. TF 2. Both women are working at their desks. TF 3. There are several mugs on the table. TF 4. Some notices are pinned to a bulletin board. TF 5. There is a telephone on the wall. TF 6. The plates are stacked up on the counter. TF 7. The man is wearing a shirt with a striped tie. TF 8. There are two pictures on the wall. TF 9. The man is looking at his wristwatch. TF 10. Some large bowls containing food are arranged in a row. TF คำอธิบำยรปู ภำพท่เี ปน็ “ข้อเท็จจรงิ ” หรอื “เหตุกำรณท์ ่กี ำลังเกดิ ข้นึ ” 128

Present Simple VS Present Continuous โครงสรำ้ งประโยค Present Continuous Present Simple form of 'be' and verb + ing infinitive I am speaking (3rd person singular: infinitive + 's') you are speaking he / she / it is speaking I speak we are speaking you speak they are speaking he / she / it speaks ขอ้ ยกเว้น we speak Exceptions when adding 'ing' : they speak ▪ Silent e is dropped. (but: does not apply for -ee) Example: come - coming Exceptions when adding 's' : but: agree - agreeing ▪ For can, may, might, must, do not add s. ▪ After a short, stressed vowel, the final Example: he can, she may, it must consonant is doubled. ▪ After o, ch, sh or s, add es. Example: sit - sitting Example: do - he does, wash - she washes ▪ After a vowel, the final consonant l is doubled ▪ After a consonant, the final consonant y in British English (but not in American English). Example: travel - travelling (British English) becomes ie. (but: not after a vowel) but: traveling (American English) Example: worry - he worries ▪ Final ie becomes y. but: play - he plays Example: lie - lying กำรใชง้ ำน Present Continuous Present Simple เหตกุ ำรณ์กำลังเกิดข้นึ กจิ วตั ร (regularly, often, never) ▪ Look! Colin is playing football now. ▪ Colin plays football every Tuesday. เหตุกำรณท์ เี่ กดิ ข้ึนกอ่ นอีกเหตกุ ำรณห์ น่ึง เหตกุ ำรณม์ ำกกวำ่ หนึ่งอย่ำงกำลงั เกดิ ขึ้นพร้อมกัน ▪ First Colin plays football, then he watches TV. ▪ Colin is playing football and Anne is watching. ▪ always Signal words at the moment ▪ every ... ▪ now / just now / right now ▪ often ▪ Listen! ▪ normally ▪ Look! ▪ usually ▪ in the morning / in the afternoon / in the ▪ sometimes ▪ evening ▪ seldom at noon / tonight ▪ never ▪ tomorrow ▪ first ▪ next ... ▪ then ▪ this week / this month / this year ▪ 129

▪ every day ▪ more and more ▪ every week ▪ every year Source: https://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/simpre-prepro ▪ on Mondays https://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/present-progressive/signal ▪ after school Exercise 3 จงอ่ำนคำอธบิ ำยรปู ภำพแล้วขดี เสน้ ใตค้ ำศพั ทท์ เี่ ห็นในรปู ภำพ และจงเลอื กคำอธบิ ำยภำพท่ดี ที ส่ี ุด Read the descriptions and underline the words you see in the pictures. Which one is best describe the picture? Choose a, b, c or d. 1. a) The woman is talking on the phone. b) The woman is using her cell phone. c) The woman is typing on the laptop. d) The woman is writing in her notebook. 2. a) The woman is cooking some bacon. b) The woman is baking a cake. c) The woman is preparing for dinner. d) The woman is frying some fish. 3. a) The woman is holding some seafood. b) The woman is baking a crab. c) The woman is scared of the crab. d) They are shopping for breakfast. 130

4. a) He’s putting the merchandise on the shelves. b) He’s pushing his cart to the check-out. c) He’s examining the items for sale. d) He’s behaving in an unusual way. 5. a) She’s signing papers at the bank. b) She’s buying a new wallet. c) She’s borrowing money from a friend. d) She’s making a transaction. 6. a) The building is not occupied. b) The windows are in very poor condition. c) They parking lot is crowded with cars. d) The store is closed due to bad weather. 7. a) The chef is instructing the apprentices. b) The professionals are chopping the food. c) The customers are demanding menus. d) The chef is cooking. 131

8. a) He’s disappointed in the movie. b) He’s showing his driver’s license. c) He’s contacting the agency to rent a car. d) He’s tempted to have more cake. 9. a) The woman is wearing glasses. b) There is a note on the keyboard. c) The woman is facing the monitor. d) There is a lamp above the computer. 10. a) The people are wearing coats. b) The boat is in the water. c) The life-jackets are on the boat. d) The drum is in front of the chair. 11. a) The man is on a pathway. b) The mountains are covered with snow. c) The man is carrying a cap. d) The sandals are in the water. 132

12. a) The farmer is holding the steering wheel. b) The farmer is driving the tractor. c) The farmer is getting in the tractor. d) The farmer is holding the door open. 13. a) The airport lounge is not busy. b) The young woman is talking to other passengers. c) The male passengers are reading books. d) Her hand baggage is on the floor. 14. a) The construction workers are having lunch. b) The builders are making a brick building. c) The workers don't need hard hats. d) The workers are above the ground. 15. a) The meeting is not going well. b) The business is very successful. c) The people are all sleeping. d) The people are talking to each other. 133

16. a) The mechanic is beside the automobile. b) He is working on the car in the street. c) The mechanic is looking at the engine. d) The mechanic is checking the computer data. 17. a) There are a lot of boxes to move. b) The supermarket is busy today. c) The man is wearing a jacket. d) The man is carrying a box. 18. a) The men are working on a solar panel. b) The solar panels are horizontal. c) The men are carrying the solar panels. d) The solar panel installation is complete. 19. a) The cranes are below the container ship. b) The container ship is in port. c) The containers are on trucks. d) The container ship is at sea. 134

20. a) The scientists are discussing an experiment. b) The man is in a laboratory. c) The technicians are sitting together. d) The man is using safety equipment. 21. a) Both people are standing up. b) The patient is younger than the doctor. c) The doctor is talking with the patient. d) The doctor is listening to the patient's heart. 22. a) The woman is checking in at the airport. b) The woman is handing the passenger tickets. c) The people are at the hospital. d) The flight has been cancelled. 135

23. a) The teacher is holding up her hand. b) The children are speaking to each other. c) The children are sitting in groups. d) The children are participating in the lesson. 24. a) There is a bridge over the canal. b) The building has arched windows. c) The buildings have several floors. d) The barges are tied to posts. 25. a) The man is wearing a hard hat. b) The man is checking the architectural plans. c) The man is drinking water. d) The architect is wearing safety clothing. 26. a) The barber is using a brush. b) The photographer is taking a picture. c) The artist is painting the scene. d) The painter is preparing the walls. 136

27. a) The medical records are on the wall. b) The doctor is holding a file. c) The patient is getting out of bed. d) The hospital is closed for renovation. 28. a) He’s working on a project at this desk. b) He’s taking a nap on the bed. c) He’s checking into the hotel. d) He’s looking at something on the laptop. Exercise 4 Practice listening tests. Listen and choose the best description to the pictures. ทำแบบทดสอบกำรฟงั เลือกคำอธิบำยรปู ภำพทดี่ ที ส่ี ดุ และเขียนคำตอบในกระดำษคำตอบท้ำยแบบเรียน ( LTest-1, LTest-2) 137

กำรถำมและกำรตอบคำถำมในภำษำองั กฤษ (Questions and Responses) ลักษณะของคำถำมในภำษำอังกฤษแบ่งออกเปน็ 2 ประเภทใหญ่ๆ คอื Yes/No question และ Wh-questions ซงึ่ มลี กั ษณะกำรถำมและกำรตอบคำถำม สรปุ ไดค้ รำ่ วๆ ดงั นี้ Yes/No Questions กรยิ ำช่วย (Auxiliaries) จะช่วยขยำยควำมหมำยให้แก่คำกรยิ ำแท้ (Main Verb) ในอนปุ ระโยค (clause) ซ่งึ ในกำรสรำ้ ง ประโยคคำถำม ซงึ่ มกั จะตอบด้วยคำวำ่ Yes หรือ No หรือดว้ ยสำนวนท่มี ีควำมหมำยตอบรบั หรือตอบปฏเิ สธ สำมำรถแบ่งกำรต้ัง คำถำมออกเป็น 4 กลมุ่ ดงั นี้ 1. be – is, am, are, was, were 2. do – do, does, did 3. have – have(n’t), has(n’t), had(n’t) 4. modals – can, could, shall, should, will, would, may Affirmative Question Answer I am 24 years old. Am I 24 years old? Yes, you are. / No, you aren’t. Yes, I am. / No, I’m not. You are in school. Are you at school? Yes, we are. / No, we aren’t. Yes, they are. / No, they aren’t. We are on time. Are we on time? Yes, he is. / No, he isn’t. Yes, she is. / No, she isn’t. Your shoes are new. Are your shoes new? Yes, it is. / No, it isn’t. Yes, she is. / No, she isn’t. He is single. Is he single? Yes, I am. / No, I’m not. Yes, he is. / No, he isn’t. She is Thai. Is she Thai? Yes, there is. / No, there isn’t. Yes, there are. / No, there aren’t. This hotel is very good. Is the hotel is very good? Just my mother. Maria is reading a newspaper. Is Maria reading a newspaper? Yes, I/we/you/they do. he/she/it does. You’re not listening. Aren’t you listening? No, I/we/you/they don’t. He is going to watch TV this evening. Is he going to watch TV this evening? he/she/it doesn’t. There is a big tree in the garden. Is there a big three in the garden? Yes, I do. / No, I don’t. Yes, I do. / No, I don’t. There are some restaurants near here. Are there restaurants near here? Yes, you do. / No, you don’t. Yes, she does. / No, she doesn’t. Is your sister here too or just your Yes, you have. / No, you haven’t. Yes, I have. / No, I haven’t. mother? Yes, you have. / No, you haven’t. Yes, they have. / No, they haven’t. You like ice cream. Do you like ice cream? Yes, he has. / No, he hasn’t. Yes, she has. / No, she hasn’t. They swim. Do they swim? Yes, it has. / No, it hasn’t. He cooks in his free time. Does he cook in his free time? The shop opens on weekends. Does the shop open on weekends? You think we should buy this hat. Do you think we should buy this hat? You think the exam will be difficult. Do you think the exam will be difficult? I have to work on Sundays. Do I have to work on Sundays? Jane has to get up at 6. Does Jane have to get up at 6? I have (got) blue eyes. Have I got blue eyes? You Have you We Have we They Have they He has (got) two sisters. Has he got two sisters? She Has she It has (got) four legs. Has it got four legs? 138

Affirmative Question Answer I was tired last night. Was I tired last night? Yes, you were. / No, you weren’t. You were at school yesterday. Were you at school yesterday? Yes, I was. / No, I wasn’t. We were on time this morning. Were we on time this morning? Yes, we were. / No, we weren’t. Your shoes were dirty last week. Were your shoes dirty last week? Yes, they were. / No, they weren’t. He was single last year. Was he single last year? Yes, he was. / No, he wasn’t. She was asleep when you arrived. Was she asleep when you arrived? Yes, she was. / No, she wasn’t. This hotel was very good years ago. Was the hotel very good years ago? Yes, it was. / No, it wasn’t. Maria was reading a newspaper. Was Maria reading a newspaper? Yes, she was. / No, she wasn’t. You were not listening. Weren’t you listening? Yes, I was. / No, I wasn’t. He was wearing sneakers. Wasn’t he wearing sneakers? Yes, he was. / No, he wasn’t. There were some messages for me Were there any phone messages for me Yes, there were. / No, there weren’t. yesterday. yesterday? Your sister phoned you. Did your sister phone you? Yes, I/we/you/they did. It rained last night. he/she/it did. Helen came to the party. it rain last night? Your parents had a good holiday. Helen come to the party? No, I/we/you/they didn’t. He had to leave the party early. your parents have a good holiday? he/she/it didn’t. I have (’ve) lost my passport. Did he have to leave the party early? You have lost your passport. Have I lost my passport? Yes, he did. / No, he didn’t. We have lost our passport. Have you lost your passport? Yes, you have. / No, you haven’t. They have lost their passport. Have we lost our passport? Yes, I have. / No, I haven’t He has (’s) gone. Have they lost their passport? Yes, we have. / No, we haven’t. She Has he gone? Yes, they have. / No, they haven’t. It Has she gone? Yes, he has. / No, he hasn’t. I/We/You/They will go out this Has it gone? Yes, she has. / No, she hasn’t. evening. Will I/we/you/they go out this evening? Yes, it has. / No, it hasn’t. Yes, you/we/I/they will. He/She/It will go out this evening. Will he/she/it go out this evening? No, you/we/I/they won’t. We shall go for a walk. Yes, he/she/it will. / No, he/she/it I shall open the window. Shall we go for a walk? won’t. I shall phone you this evening. Shall I open the window? Good idea! I shall buy this coat. Shall I phone you this evening? Yes, please. Shall I buy this coat? OK. - Yes, I think you should. - May I ask a question? No, I think you shouldn’t. I may go to the cinema this evening.* May I sit here? Yes, of course. / Certainly. / Sure. Sue might (not) come to the party.* Yes, of course. / Certainly. / Sure. I/We/You/They can play the piano. - - - He/She/It can swim. Can I/we/you/they play the piano? - Yes, you/we/I/they can. You could open the door. Can he/she/it swim? No, you/we/I/they can’t. She could swim when she was three. Yes, he/she/it can. / No, he/she/it Could you open the door, please? can’t. Could she swim when she was three? Yes, you could. / No, she couldn’t. Yes, she could. / No, she couldn’t. Lisa would (’d) like to go for a walk. Would Lisa like to go for a walk? Yes, she would. / No, she wouldn’t. I’d like an orange, please. Would you like an orange? Yes, I would. / No, I wouldn’t. (= Do you like…?) Would you like to order fish or duck?** Duck, please. * may และ might บอกควำมเปน็ ไปไดท้ ่เี หตุกำรณน์ ัน้ ๆ จะเกดิ ขนึ้ ท้งั สองคำมคี วำมหมำยเหมอื นกนั ** ถำ้ ประโยคคำถำมแบบนม้ี คี ำวำ่ or ซง่ึ เป็นคำเชือ่ มอยู่ในประโยค คำตอบจะเป็นตัวเลอื กท่ีให้มำ เชน่ Question: Do you prefer hot chocolate or milk tea? Answer: Milk tea, please. 139

นอกจำกกำรตอบรบั และตอบปฏิเสธคำถำมตำมหลักไวยำกรณแ์ ลว้ สำนวนทใี่ ช้ในกำรตอบรับและกำรตอบปฏิเสธก็นิยม นำมำใชเ้ ข่นกัน ดังน้ี กำรตอบรับ ▪ That’s a good idea. (เป็นควำมคิดที่ดี) ▪ That’d be fine. (ดเี หมือนกัน) ▪ I’d love to / I’ll be glad to. (ด้วยควำมยนิ ดี) ▪ All right / Okay. (ตกลง) กำรตอบปฏเิ สธ ▪ I’m afraid I can’t (เกรงว่ำ จะ...) ▪ I’d love to but … (ชนั้ ก็อยำกเหมอื นกนั แต่ว่ำ…) ▪ That’s very kind of you but ….. (คณุ ใจดจี ัง แตว่ ำ่ …) ▪ I’m Sorry (ช้ันเสยี ใจ) ประโยคคำถำมแบบ Question Tags เปน็ ประโยคคำถำมที่ต้องกำรคำตอบรบั หรือตอบปฏิเสธแบบ Yes/No question อกี แบบหนงึ่ มีโครงสร้ำงของประโยคดงั น้ี 1. ประโยคบอกเลำ่ จะใช้รว่ มกบั Question Tag ทเ่ี ปน็ ปฏิเสธ (Negative) It’s a beautiful day, isn’t it? Yes, it’s perfect. Sally lives in London, doesn’t she? Yes, that’s right. You closed the window, didn’t you? Yes, I think so. Those shoes are nice, aren’t they? Yes, very nice. Tom will be here soon, wont’ he? Yes, probably. 2. ประโยคปฏิเสธจะใชร้ ่วมกบั Question Tag ท่เี ปน็ บอกเล่ำ (Positive) That isn’t your car, is it? No, it’s my mother’s. You haven’t met my mother, have you? No, I haven’t. Sally doesn’t go out much, does she? No, she doesn’t. You won’t be late, will you? No, I’m never late. Exercise 5 Use the given words/phrases and form yes/no-questions. 1. are / from / London / you _________________________________________________________________________? 2. have / a pet / Nelson / can _________________________________________________________________________? 3. do / they / have / horses _________________________________________________________________________? 4. we / need / do / for the pizza / tomatoes _________________________________________________________________________? 5. love / your / father / fish and chips / does _________________________________________________________________________? 6. a ruler / in your / schoolbag / is there _________________________________________________________________________? 7. know / do / you / a good / name _________________________________________________________________________? 140

8. do / parents / like tea / or coffee / your _________________________________________________________________________? 9. country / you / in do / live / the _________________________________________________________________________? 10. your / brother / does / football / play _________________________________________________________________________? Wh-questions Wh-question เปน็ ประโยคคำถำมทข่ี ้นึ ต้นดว้ ย “คำทใี่ ชถ้ ำม” และคำทีใ่ ช้ถำมคำถำมนัน้ มักจะมตี ัวอกั ษร “wh” ขน้ึ ต้น เช่น what, when, where, why, who, whom, which รวมถงึ คำว่ำ how, how much, how many, how long เปน็ ต้น กำร ตอบคำถำมประเภทนจี้ ะไม่ตอบ yes หรือ no แต่จะบอกขอ้ มลู รำยละเอยี ดตำมคำทีใ่ ช้ถำม คำถำม กำรใช้ภำษำ ตัวอยำ่ งประโยค what อะไร ใชถ้ ำมเมอื่ ตอ้ งกำรทรำบข้อมูล What is your name? เกี่ยวกบั สงิ่ หนึ่ง What has she done now? what...for What have they decided? what + n. อะไร ใช้พูดเพื่อตอ้ งกำรยำ้ ข้อควำมหรือ What fell off the wall? when ยนื ยนั ขอ้ มูล What did you say the time was? อะไร ถำมถงึ สงิ่ ของ What will I talk to her about? อะไร ถำมเกย่ี วกบั กำรกระทำ What happened next? เพื่ออะไร ทำไม เพรำะอะไร ใช้ถำมหำ What kind of books do you like to read? เหตผุ ลของกำรกระทำ What is the total bill? (สง่ิ นีค้ ือ) อะไร ใชถ้ ำมข้อมลู ของคำนำมที่ What? I can't hear you. ตำมหลังคำว่ำ what เชน่ what color สี อะไร what time กีโ่ มง เป็นต้น What is on the table? ตอนไหน เม่ือไร ใชถ้ ำมเวลำ What is he doing? What did you do that for? For what reason did she leave him? (รูปสุภำพ) What color do you like? What time is it now? What number is your house? When did he leave? When do you finish college? When are you leaving? When did you wake up this morning? When will they arrive? where ท่ไี หน ใช้ถำมถงึ สถำนทีห่ รือตำแหน่งทีต่ ง้ั Where do they live? Where should I park? which ทไี่ หน บอกทิศทำง Where is the coffee machine? which + n. ทไ่ี หน บอกสถำนที่ท่ีเหตุกำรณ์หนึง่ กำลัง Where did you go? เกิดขึน้ หรอื กระทำอยู่ Where did he leave it? อันไหน สง่ิ ไหน ใชถ้ ำมเมอ่ื ตอ้ งกำรใหเ้ ลอื ก Where is the nearest shopping mall? ตวั เลอื กตำ่ งๆ Where is she going? Which did you buy? Which color do you want? Which horse won? Which sweater did you buy? Which airport do we leave from, Heathrow or Gatwick? 141

who ใคร (ประธำน) ถำมถงึ คนหรือผู้กระทำกรยิ ำ Who opened the door? น้ันๆ หรือ ประธำน ในประโยค Who bought this? whom Who own this bag? whose ใคร (กรรม) ถำมถึงคนหรอื ผู้ทเ่ี ป็นกรรมของ Who is your favorite actor? กริยำในประโยคนนั้ ๆ Who’s been paying the bills? why Who would she stay with? why don't ของใคร ถำมเพอ่ื ทรำบว่ำใครเป็นเจำ้ ของ Who do you love most? why not Who did you speak to? How ทำไม เพรำะอะไร ใช้ถำมเพือ่ ทรำบเหตผุ ล Whom did you see? ของกำรกระทำน้ันๆ Whom should we send the invitation to? (รปู สภุ ำพ) how + adj. / adv. ทำไมไม่... ใช้เมื่อตอ้ งกำรแนะนำใหท้ ำสงิ่ To whom should we send the invitation? (รปู สภุ ำพกว่ำ) หนงึ่ Whose are these keys? how far ถำมถึงพฤตกิ ำรณ์ ลกั ษณะของสง่ิ ๆ หนง่ึ Whose turn is it? how long เป็นอย่ำงไร ใชถ้ ำมถึงสภำพ สถำนะ ควำม Whose phone rang? how many เปน็ ไป Whose books are these? how much ทำอยำ่ งไร ถำมเกี่ยวกบั วธิ กี ำรหรอื Whose are these books? how often กระบวนกำร Why do you say that? how old ใชถ้ ำมถึงระดับ (degree) ของคำคุณศัพท์ Why are the lights red? how come นนั้ ๆ Why don't you take some time out and rest? (informal) Why not take a break for a moment? how about ระยะทำงเท่ำไร ใชถ้ ำมระยะทำง How does this work? what about How was your exam? นำนเทำ่ ไร เท่ำไร ใชถ้ ำมระยะเวลำ How did you go to Phuket? ยำวเท่ำไร เท่ำไร กี่ ถำมจำนวน (นับได้) How strong is the wind? How fast is your car? เท่ำไร กี่ ถำมปรมิ ำตร (นบั ไม่ได)้ How thick is the snow outside? เท่ำไร กี่ ถำมจำนวน (นับไม่ได)้ How slow is a snail? รำคำเท่ำไร ถำมรำคำสนิ ค้ำ How wide is the Amazon river? บอ่ ยแค่ไหน ถำมควำมถี่ How far is Pattaya from Bangkok? อำยุเท่ำไร How far is it from your place to the office? How long will it take? ทำไม เพรำะอะไร (ไม่เปน็ ทำงกำร) ใชถ้ ำม How long will you stay? เพอ่ื ทรำบเหตุผลของกำรกระทำน้ันๆ How long is that table? 2.2 meters. แล้ว......ละ่ ใช้เพ่อื ใหค้ ำแนะนำหรอื เพอื่ How many cars are there? ทวนคำถำม หรือใหแ้ สดงควำมคิดเหน็ How many eggs do you want? How much money do you have? How much money do you need? How often do you play baseball? How old are you? How old is your dog? How come I can't see her? How about opening your present right now? How about I pick you up at 8 o’clock on my way to the airport? How about some lunch? What about starting a book club? What about a coffee? 142

Question and Reponses กำรถำมแบบมคี ำถำมและตวั เลอื กคำตอบ กำรเขำ้ ใจ “คำทใ่ี ชถ้ ำม” หรอื คำขึ้นตน้ ประโยคคำถำมจะช่วยให้เรำเลอื กคำตอบไดง้ ่ำย ขึ้น Exercise 6 Read the questions and responses. Choose the response that most closely answers the questions. จงอ่ำนคำถำมต่อไปนแี้ ล้วเลือกคำตอบท่ีดที ี่สดุ 1. What time will they arrive? c) It was almost midnight when I got here. a) Around noon, I think. b) I had a good time, too. 2. Aren't you supposed to be at the staff meeting? c) Down the hall, third door on the right. a) Yes, it's in the conference room. b) No, I have to finish writing this article. 3. Zeus Inc. has announced it's buying Mercury Tech. c) Yes, they're on 3rd Avenue. a) She said she would start soon. b) I'm not that surprised. 4. How often do we get paychecks? c) They're in our mailboxes. a) $600 a week. b) Twice a month. 5. Where can I find a drinking fountain? c) Yes, I have a fountain pen. a) Around the corner, next to the elevator. b) No thank you. I don't drink. 6. When will we leave for Toronto? c) We left Tuesday. a) At the airport. b) On the 14th. 7. Who's in charge of marketing? c) It's at First and Broad. a) That would be Ms. Williams. b) No thanks, I'll pay cash. 8. Where do I get more cups for the water cooler? c) Yes, it is cool in here. c) Neither do I. I'll go ask Bob. a) In the storage room. b) Thanks, I'd love a drink. 9. I don't know how to fix this copier. a) I need to make 20 copies. b) You've improved so much. 10. When was the last time you spoke to Ms. Ellen? c) It lasted until nine. a) No, I have not yet. b) This morning in her office. 11. Does anybody play the piano around here? c) Yes, Jane does. a) Carol paid me already. b) I am from around here. 143

12. Where is the nearest stationery store? c) It’s nearly done, I think. a) To get some pens and paper. b) Right up the road at the intersection. 13. How late are you working tonight? c) Do you want me to work on it today? a) Probably until 7 or so. b) I might be about ten minutes late. 14. Don’t you think we will be able to get the work done on time? a) Yes, I already told him. c) No, there is just too much work left. b) I’ll probably get there on time. 15. Where do I go to get my paycheck? c) I already got it done. a) Once a week on Friday. b) Go to the reception desk. 16. When do we have to give an answer to Mr. Smiths? c) He said by the end of the day. a) Yes, you have to do it. b) No, I have not solved it yet. 17. How many application forms did we receive? c) They’re from the head office. a) I am thinking of applying for it. b) Around twenty when I last checked. 18. Would you care for something to drink? c) Everything is fine now. a) Yes, some coffee, please. b) Yes, he took care of it. 19. Why is the renovation work taking longer than expected? c) It will be renewed soon. a) It will take a long time for sure. b) There’s been a delay. 20. Do you have a moment to spare, or do you have to take off now? a) It’s ten after two. c) I think I have an extra one. b) Well, I have about ten minutes. 21. Could you lower the volume just a notch? c) It’s on the basement floor, I believe. a) Sure, I’ll turn it down right away. b) Yes, it might be lower than that. 22. What time is the meeting scheduled to start today? c) At three o’clock sharp. c) You need to put some gas in it. a) He began his project a week ago. b) Yes, he’s already there. 23. Which car should I take to pick up the guests? a) The one parked in the back of this row. b) I guess he will be arriving soon. 24. Why didn’t you get a present for Jill? c) I did, but I left it at the office. a) Sure, I will go with you. b) The presentation starts in one hour. 144

25. When do the new museum exhibits open? c) For an art show. c) Just around the corner. a) In a few weeks. c) Can you help me count these? b) At a new location. c) It was really exciting. c) I’ll call everyone there. 26. Where’s the nearest parking garage? c) He’s leaning on the desk. c) It was on the desk. a) It has five levels c) I usually have it at a restaurant. b) We’ll take my car. c) At the end of the week. c) It’s right across the street. 27. How do I get to the accounting office? c) It was an interesting tour. c) It’s still early. a) They have a new manager. c) Just move everything over there. b) Take the stairs to the third floor. 145 28. What did you think of the movie last night? a) He went to the concert. b) I’ll see you at the meeting later. 29. Why did Jason call the hotel? a) It’s in the lobby. b) To cancel our reservation. 30. Could you lend me your dictionary? a) It’s over there on the shelf. b) No, I couldn’t sent the letter. 31. Who was that on the phone? a) It’s mine. b) It was my boss. 32. Let’s take our lunch home now. a) Great idea. I’m starving. b) I take an hour for lunch 33. When is this report due? a) We import our supplies. b) He’s due here next week. 34. Where’s the bank? a) They’ll cash that check for you there. b) Thank you very much. 35. Which car is yours? a) It’s the small blue one over there. b) It isn’t very far away. 36. Why did John leave early? a) Nobody leave the room. b) He had an urgent appointment. 37. How was the movie? a) It was really boring. b) We got the ticket online.

38. Could you help me copy these documents? c) I’m sorry. I’m too busy right now. a) I don’t enjoy shopping. b) I signed the documents. 39. Whose coat is this? c) It’s a nice coat. a) It’s in the closet. b) It belongs to Mary. 40. Will you have some coffee? c) The cups are in the kitchen. a) I can’t stop coughing. b) No, thank you. I’d prefer tea. 41. Which seat would you prefer? c) I’ll take this one by the window. a) I rarely eat meat. b) It’s not a comfortable chair. 42. How much travelling is required for your new job? c) Oh, I’m sure it is. a) Quite a lot, actually. b) Yes, after the interview. 43. Who monitors the factory’s safety standards? c) It manufactures audio equipment. a) A certified inspector. b) They were delivered today. 44. Can you repair the ceiling light, or should we call the electrician? a) No, the other pair. c) I can probably do it. b) She was elected. 45. Have you seen Mr. Kim this afternoon? c) He’ll be back soon. a) It’s been postponed. b) He’s visiting a construction site. 46. Could I get your advice on how to present this information? a) Sure, I have some free time now. c) The invitations will be arrive soon. b) How many do you need? 47. Where can we recycle juice and milk cartons? c) Actually, I usually walk. a) You should ask Christa. b) The cartoons are on page seven. 48. Would you like help setting up the advertising display? c) In the daily newspaper. c) I’ll check with Mary. a) Knives and forks are on the table. c) Usually from the catalog. b) I can manage it alone, thanks. 49. Haven’t we received the architect’s plan yet? a) Ship it today. b) We definitely are. 50. Where are the cleaning supplies kept? a) In the bottom cabinet. b) I’ll hold it for you. 146

51. What’s the best way to get to the Riverside Café? c) Route 17 is fastest. a) For a quick lunch. b) It wasn’t my favorite. 52. Whose notebook is this? c) Probably Mr. Carter’s. a) Notes from the interview. b) Sure, I’ll write it. 53. Are there laundry facilities in this apartment building? c) That’s already been washed. a) Yes, on the ground floor. b) Would you like one or two bedrooms? 54. Which laptop model would you recommend? c) Yes, I certainly would. a) The price has just been discounted. b) It depends on what features you’re looking for 55. Who was chosen to lead the overseas marketing campaign? a) I don’t think a decision’s been made yet. c) No, it wasn’t too difficult. b) Based on market research. 56. How often does the inventory list have to be updated? c) I noticed that earlier. a) Whenever a shipment is delivered. b) They’re kept in the storage room. 57. Would you like to conduct the next training workshop? c) For all new employees. a) It was working this morning. b) Thanks, I’d definitely be interested. 58. Has the flight to Bangkok left yet? c) No, it’s still boarding. a) The window to your left. b) Just two tickets. 59. Can’t we see the movie tonight? c) I’m afraid I have other plans. a) The Garden Theater. b) Front row seats. 60. Where’s the hotel being built? c) The clients have sent the documents. a) In about a year or so. b) Directly across from the old one. Exercise 7 Practice listening tests. Listen and choose the best description to the pictures. ทำแบบทดสอบกำรฟงั เลอื กคำตอบที่ดีทีส่ ดุ และเขยี นคำตอบในกระดำษคำตอบทำ้ ยแบบเรียน 147