1st-merged (1)

iii)  mofpay; rhue; ;j epfo;r;rpfs; (ehlfk;> ,ir) o tpOkpag; gz;Gfs; > tuyhw;Wf; fijfis ntspf;nfhzuf; $ba khztu;fSf;Nfw;w rpwe;j ehlfq;fis ,izaj;jpypUe;J fhnzhspfshf vLj;J fhl;rpg;gLj;jy;. o ,irj;Jiwapy; rpwg;Gj; Nju;r;rp ngw;wtupd; epfo;Tfis xypgug;Gr; nra;jy;.  fy;tp rhu;e;j eilKiwfspy; Gjpa tplaq;fis mwpe;J nfhs;Sk; epfo;rr; pfs; o ,iza topapyhd fw;wy; - fw;gpj;jiy Nkw;nfhss; y;. o fw;wYf;fhf ,izaj;jpy; gad;gLj;jf;$ba ,izag;gf;fq;fis khztu;fSf;F mwpKfk; nra;J mtw;iw Kiwahfg; gad;gLj;j topg;gLj;jy;.  ghlrhiyfspy; jpwd; tFg;giwg; gpuNahfj;ij Vw;gLj;jy;. o Xt;nthU khztDk; jpwd; tFg;giwiag; gad;gLj;j re;ju;g;gj;ij Vw;gLj;jpf; nfhs;sy;.  rkak; rhue; ;j epfo;rr; pfs;  tpdhb tpdh epfo;rr; pfs;  guPl;iria ikakhff; nfhz;l nraw;ghLfs;. 03) rKjhaj;jpy; mq;fj;Jtk; tfpf;Fk; kdpjd; ngw;Wf; nfhz;l gof;ftof;fq;fs; xOf;f i) tpOkpaq;fs; ek;gpf;iffs; nfhz;l KOikahd njhFjp fyhrhuk; vdg;gLk;.   “fyhrhuk; vd;gJ mwpT > topghLfs; > fiyfs; > rl;lk; > gof;ftof;fk; kw;Wk; r%fj;jpy; tho;tjd; %yk; kdpju;fs; ngw;Wf; nfhs;fpd;w Vida rfy gpd;gw;Wjy;fs; > Mw;wy;fs; vd;gtw;wpd; nkhj;j mikg;ghFk;”. - T.B.nlapyu; -  “FwpaPl;L ujP pahf r%fk; cupj;jhff; pf; nfhz;Ls;sJk; ghuk;gupakhfj; jkjhf;fpf; nfhz;Ls;sJkhd rfy tpjkhd elj;ijf; Nfhyq;fSf;Fk; toq;ff;$ba $l;lhd ngaNu fyhrhukhFk;”. - rhu;s];.A.vy;T+l;-  “topghLfs; > rpe;jid Kiw > eilKiwf;fiyfs; > tho;f;if Kiwfs; > gof;ftof;fq;fs; > rk;gpujhaq;fs; kw;Wk; r%f ujP pahfg; gpd;gw;WtJ njhlu;gpy; Vw;Wf; nfhs;sg;gl;l elj;ijfs;”. - c.$.`Pyu;- ii)  cyfhAj fyhrhuk; mjhtJ nghUs; rhu; gz;ghL (Material Culture) : nghUs; rhu; gz;ghL vd;gJ kf;fs; $l;lj;jpypUf;ff; $ba flG; ydhff; $ba nghUl;fisf; nfhz;l fyhrhuk;. c+k; :fll; lq;fs; > ghtidg; nghUl;fs; > Milmzpfyd;fs; Nghd;wit.  cyfhAjkpy;yhj fyhrhuk; mjhtJ nghUs; rhuh gz;ghL (Non-material Culture) : kf;fs; $l;lj;jpypUf;ff; $ba ek;gpf;iffs; > tpOkpak; > mwpT Nghd;wit. Fwpg;G : fyhrhuj;ijg; gpd;tUkhWk; tifg;gLj;jyhk;. 1. gpujhd fyhrhuk; (Main Culture) 2. cg fyhrhuk; / Jiz fyhrhuk; (Sub Culture) c+k; : ,yq;ifau; vd;gJ xU gpujhd fyhrhuk; > jkpou; vd;gJ cg fyhrhuk;. N.Manoranjithan(Lecturer,JNCoE) 42 18/JNCoE/MA/T/F/3733 V.Karththikayini

iii)  ghlrhiyf; fyhrhuj;ijf; ghJfhfF; k; tifapy; gUkl;lhd jpl;lnkhd;iw Kdi; tj;jy;. o tplak; - jkpo; rpq;fs rpj;jpiug; Gj;jhz;L epfo;T o Nehff; k; - fyhrhu ghuk;gupaj;ij gupkhwpf; nfhs;sy; o kdpj > ngsjpf tsq;fs; - kdpj tsk; - mjpgu; > Mrpupauf; s; > khztu;fs; > rpw;W}opau;fs; > ngw;Nwhu; > gioakhztu;fs;….. ngsjpf tsk; - ghlrhiy kz;lgk; > ikjhdk; > thj;jpaq;fs; > cgfuzq;fs;…. o Neu ml;ltiz - cj;Njr fhyrr; l;lfk; (Kant Chart) nraw;ghLfs; fhyk; (rpj;jpiu khjk; thuk;) 1. fyhrr; hu kd;wj;jpDldhd 1 Mk; 2Mk; 3Mk; 4Mk; fyeJ; iuahly; 2. mDkjpngwy; 3. tpoh xOq;F 4. kuG uPjpahd tpisahl;Lf;fs; > epfo;Tfis elhj;Jjy; 5. gz;ghl;L fiy epfo;Tfs; 6. kPnshOq;FgLj;jy; jkpo; rpq;fs rpj;jpiug; Gj;jhz;L epfo;it ghlrhiyapy; xOq;fikj;J eilKiwg;gLj;Jtjd; %yk; fyhrhug; ghuk;gupaq;fisg; gupkhwpf; nfhs;s KbAk;. 04) FWq;fhy khw;wk; : tpahghu tbtk; > murpay; fUj;Jff; s;. i) ePz;l fhy khw;wk; : efukakhff; y;   ii)  fw;wypy; r%f vz;zf;fUit mKyhff; y;. (ghlrhiyf;F mg;ghy;)  Kiwrhuh fy;tpf;fhd tha;g;ig mjpfupj;jy;.  Vida ehLfspy; fw;gjw;fhd tha;g;Gf;fis cUthf;Fjy;.  gy;fiyf;fof mDkjpf;fhd tha;g;Gf;fis cUthf;Fjy;.  Mq;fpy nkhopf; fy;tpia Kf;fpaj;Jtg;gLj;jy;.  Ntiy cyfpw;Nfw;w fy;tpia toq;Fjy;  njhopEl;gf; fy;tpia tpupthf;fy;. N.Manoranjithan(Lecturer,JNCoE) 43 18/JNCoE/MA/T/F/3733 V.Karththikayini

iii)  etdP njhopy;El;g cgfuzq;fis gad;gLj;Jjy; - r%f khw;wj;jpw;Nfw;g etdP jfty; njhlu;ghly; njhopEl;g rhjdq;fspD}lhf fw;wy; - fw;gpj;jy; nrad;Kiwia Nkw;nfhst; jd; %yk; mtw;wpd; gad;ghL > gpuNahfk; vd;gtw;iw khztu;fs; mwpe;J mtw;iw Kiwahf gad;gLj;j topfhl;Ljy;.  Gjpa fw;gpj;jy; Kiwfisg; gadg; Lj;Jjy; - fzpdpf;$lhf mwpitf; fsQ;rpag;gLj;jy;. (xyp > xsp Clhf kfhehL)  ngsjpf tsq;fis mjpfupj;jy;.  Ra fw;wy; > Ratopfhl;lYf;fhd fw;wy; > gupfhuf;fw;wy; re;ju;g;gq;fis cUthf;Fjy;.  E-fw;wYf;fhd tha;g;ig mjpfupj;jy;.  khztu;fsJ gpur;rpidfisj; jPu;j;Jf; nfhs;tjw;fhd rpwe;j MNyhrid topfhl;ly; Nritapid toq;Fjy;.  MrpupauJ gzp > fiyj;jpl;l tpUj;jp > fiyj;jpl;l eilKiw > kjpg;gply; vd;gtw;wpy; khw;wq;fis Vw;gLj;jy;. 05) Kiwrhu; r%ff;FO (Formal Group) i) Kiwapy; r%ff;FO (Informal Group)   ii)  Kiwrhu; r%ff;FO : o jpl;lkhd Nehff; k;> jpl;lk; cz;L. o mjpfhuKk; rf;jpAk; mlf;fikthff; fhzg;gLk;. o Ntiyg;gpupg;Gk; fhzg;gLk;. o Kiwahd tpjpKiwfSk; rl;ljpl;lq;fSk; fhzg;gLk;. o mYtyfj; njhlu;Gfs; fhzg;gLk;. o epGzj;Jt mbg;gilapy; epakdk; cz;L. o ey;yhspilj; njhlu;G fhzg;gLk;.  Kiwapy; r%ff;FO : o xw;Wik $l;LwT fhzg;gLk; o Rakhf Ntiy nra;jy;. o jd;dhu;tj;Jld; njhopw;gly;. o epue;jukhd mq;fj;Jtk; ,d;ik. o vOjg;glh tpjpfspy; topfhl;lyf; s; toq;fg;gLk;. o Kfj;JfF; Kfk; njhlu;ghly; fhzg;gLk;. o njhlu;r;rpahd Mspilj; njhlu;Gfs; fhzg;gLk;. o fyeJ; iuahly; %yk; KbntLj;jy;. o nghJthd tpUg;gq;fis ,izj;J tpUj;jp nra;jy;. N.Manoranjithan(Lecturer,JNCoE) 44 18/JNCoE/MA/T/F/3733 V.Karththikayini

iii)  xU Mrpupau; jdJ fw;wy; - fw;gpj;jy; nrad;Kiwia ntw;wpfukhdjhff; pf; nfhs;s Kiwrhu; > Kiwapy; FOf;fisg; gadg; Lj;j KbAk;.  Kiwrhu; FOf;fs; o Kfhikj;Jtf;FO o xOf;fhw;Wf;FO o khztu; kd;wk; o tpisahl;Lf;FO o khztu; jiytu; FO o tFg;G Kjy;tu; FO ,t;tifahd Kiwrhu; FOf;fisg; gadg; Lj;jp fw;gpj;jy; gzpia ntw;wpfukhdjhff; pf; nfhs;syhk;.  Kiwapy; FOf;fs; o khztu; - khztu; FO o Mrpupau; - Mrpupau; FO ,f;FOf;fspypUe;J ghlj;jpw;Fg; nghUj;jkhd mwpTg;gpuNahfk; css; xUtiu fw;wy; - fw;gpj;jy; nrad;Kiwf;fhfg; gad;gLj;Jjy;. 06) i) ghjfkhd tplaq;fs; jdpegu; FO o jdpikapy; Ntiy nra;jy;. o Njitaw;w rj;jk; o gpur;rpidfis jPu;g;gjw;F o rpy khztu;fs; kl;Lk; nraw;gly;. topapy;iy. o mjpfsthNdhu; tpyfpr; nry;tu;. o mwpT kl;Lg;gLj;jg;gl;lJ o ftdkpd;ik-ePz;lfhyk; vLj;jy; o Njitaw;w Ntiyfspy; <Lgly;. o rfghbfSldhd mDgtk; gfpug;glhik  ghjfkhd tplaq;fs; gy ,Ue;jhYk; rpy rhjfkhd tplaq;fSk; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. jdpegu; rhjfkhd tplaq;fs; FO o mikjp> Fiwthd rj;jk;. o $l;Lwthf Ntiy nra;jy;. o fUj;J epiymwpit tpUj;jp o xUtUf;nfhUtu; cjTjy; o njhlu;ghly; jpwid tpUj;jp nra;jy;. o epahakhd rpe;jid o FWfpa fhyj;jpy; Ntiyia nra;jy;. o fUj;Jff; is gupkhwy;. Kbj;jy;. o FWfpa fhyj;jpy; Ntiyia Kbj;jy;. o fUj;Jepiy mwpit tpUj;jp nra;jy;. o MSikia tpUj;jp nra;jy; N.Manoranjithan(Lecturer,JNCoE) 45 18/JNCoE/MA/T/F/3733 V.Karththikayini

ii) jdpegu;  gpur;rpidfisj; jPu;g;gjw;F topapy;iy – Mrpupaupd; cjtpAld; jdJ re;Njfq;fisj; jPu;f;fyhk;  mwpT kl;Lg;gLj;jg;gl;lJ – tplag;gug;Gld; njhlu;Ggl;l Nkyjpf E}y;fis Mrpupau; thrpf;ff; nfhLj;jy;. FO  Njitaw;w rj;jk; - Njitaw;w rj;jk; vOg;gpdhy; FOTf;fhd Gs;spfs; Fiwf;fg;gLk; vd mwpTWj;jy;  rpy khztu; kl;Lk; nraw;gly; - FOTf;Fupa nraw;ghl;il Ntiyg;gpupg;gpd; mbg;gilapy; jdpj;jdpNa khztu;fSf;F gq;fpl;Lf; nfhLj;jy;. iii) rfghbf;fw;wy; FOf;fw;wy; $l;LwTf;fw;wy; vd;gtw;Ws; xdw; pidj; njupT nra;J xU  ghlj;ij tpUj;jp nra;tjw;Fk; mj;Jld; khztupd; ,iltpid nraw;ghl;L tpUj;jpapid nra;tjw;Fkhd tpjj;jpy; ghlf;Fwpg;G xd;wpidf; Fwpg;gply;.  FOf;fw;wy; o jhtug;gy;tifik vd;Dk; tplaj;ij fw;gpj;jYf;F FOf;fw;wy; Kiwiag; gadg; Lj;Jjy;. o khztu;fisf; FOf;fshfg; gpupj;J xt;nthU FOTf;Fk; xtn; thU Ntiyiaf; nfhLf;Fk; mNj Ntis xtn; thU khztUf;Fk; xtn; thU Ntiyiaf; nfhLj;jy;. o c + k; : jhtuj;jpd; gpujhd gFjpfisf; FOf;fSf;F gpupj;Jf; nfhLj;J > #oypy; fhzg;gLk; ntt;NtW tifahd jhtuq;fspd; gFjpfisr; Nrfupj;J tUkhW $Wjy;. o ,q;F khztupilNa FOf;fye;Jiuahly;fs; > Ma;Tfs;…… Nghd;wit ,lk;ngWtjd; %yk; fw;wy; - fw;gpj;jy; ntw;wpfukhdjhf ,lk;ngWk;. 07) r%fj; jiytuhfr; nraw;gly; i) topfhl;bahf nraw;gly;.  MNyhrfuhfr; nraw;gly;.  tpOkpaq;fs;> epakq;fspd; ghJfhtyuhfr; nraw;gly;  gpur;rpid jPu;g;gtuhf nraw;gly;.  cjtp nra;Ak; eguhfr; nraw;gly;.  r%fj;jpd; nraw;ghLfSf;F xj;Jiog;G toq;Fgtuhfr; nraw;gly;.   N.Manoranjithan(Lecturer,JNCoE) 46 18/JNCoE/MA/T/F/3733 V.Karththikayini

ii)  Kuz;ghLfs; > gpur;rpidfs; vd;gtw;iw vjpu;Nehff; y;. o xU Mrpupau; FLk;gj;jpy; FLk;gj;jiytuhfTk; > ghlrhiyapy; MrpupauhfTk; ,U ebgq;Ffis Vw;Fk;NghJ ghlrhiyapDs; FLk;gg; gpur;rpidiaNah > FLk;gj;jpDs; ghlrhiyg; gpur;rpidiaNah nfhz;L tuhjpUj;jy;.  tfpgq;F Kuz;ghL o jkpo; ghl Mrpupau; jkpo; ghlj;ijAk; Mq;fpy ghlj;ijAk; fw;gpj;jypd; NghJ Mq;fpy ghlj;jpid Kf;fpag;gLj;jy;.  tfpgq;FfSf;fpilapyhd Kuz;ghL o Kuz;gl;l vz;zf;fUf;fSs;s ghlq;fis Mrpupau; fw;gpfF; k; NghJ tfpgq;FfSf;fpilapyhd Kuz;ghL Vw;gLk;. (tpQ;Qhdk; > rka ghlq;fisf; fw;gpfF; k; Mrpupau; tpQ;Qhd ghlj;jpd; NghJ Ngh\\hfF; ss; czTfis mjpfk; cztpy; Nruj; ;Jf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lnkd;ghu;. rka ghlj;jpd; NghJ tpuj Kaw;rpfspd; NghJ mirt czTfisj; jtpu;ff; Ntz;Lk; vd;W $Wthu;).  murpaypy; fUj;J Kuz;ghL iii)  fy;tpapy; Mu;tk; FiwthfTs;s fpuhkj;jpy; Mrpupau; xUtu; mg;gps;isfSf;F fy;tpapd; mtrpaj;ij typAWj;jp mtu;fspd; fw;wy; Mu;tj;ijj; J}z;Ltijg; Gyg;gLj;jf; $bathwhd ehlfg;gpujpnahd;iw Mf;Fjy;. 08) mz;kpa FO njhiyJ}uf;FO i) o khztu; - eyd; tpUk;gpfs; o ngw;Nwhu; - rkaj;jiytu;fs; ii) o gioa khztu; - ntt;NtWgl;l epWtdq;fs;  o Mrpupau; - njhz;L epWtdq;fs;  o mjpgu.; - rq;fq;fs;   ehd; ngw;w tpNrl mwpit ghlrhiyf;F toq;Fjy;.  jiyikj;Jt epfo;Tfs;.  ghlrhiyr; Rw;whliyr; Rj;jk; nra;jy;.  rpukjhdg;gzpfis Nkw;nfhss; y;. kUj;Jt rpfpr;ir Kfhk;fis elhj;Jjy;. ftdaPu;g;G epfo;Tfis elhj;Jjy;. Njitahd ngsjpf > epjp tsq;fisj; jpul;bf; nfhLj;jy;. iii)  ghlrhiyiaAk; r%fj;ijAk; edF; ,dq;fhzy;.  Mrpupau; tfpgq;if ,dq;fhzy;  njhlu;ghly; jpwd;.  kdpjg;gz;Gfs; (md;G> nghWik)  njhopy;thz;ikapd; juk;  r%fj;jpw;fhf nrtpkLj;jy;.  ghlrhiyiaAk; mjd; Kaw;rpiaAk; tpku;rpf;fhjpUj;jy;.  r%fj;jtu;fspilNa ghugl;rk; fhl;lhJ gaDWjpkpf;f njhlu;ghliy Nkw;nfhss; y;. N.Manoranjithan(Lecturer,JNCoE) 47 18/JNCoE/MA/T/F/3733 V.Karththikayini

fw;gpj;jypy; Njrpa bg;Nshkh ,Wjpg; guPl;ir - 2014 (2015) (02) fy;tp r%ftpay; - tpdhj;jhs; Ⅰ  1 njhlff; k; 10 tiuahd tpdhf;fspy; jug;gl;Ls;s xt;nthU $w;wpdJk; ,ilntspfF; kpfg; nghUj;jkhd nrhy;iy /nrhw;fis ,l;Lg; G+uzg;gLj;Jf. 1. gps;isf;Fj; jd;idr; Rw;wpAs;s r%fk; gw;wpa czu;r;rpfukhd vzz; q;fs; Vw;gLtJ mtupDs; fhzg;gLfpdw; ………………………….. rf;jpapdhyhFk;. 2. 1997 And];Nfh mwpf;ifapy; jug;gl;Ls;s $w;wpd;gb fy;tp …………………. ifaspf;Fk; typikahd Clfkhfr; nraw;gLfpdw; J. 3. egu; xUtu; gpwg;gpypUe;J ,wg;G tiu jdJ r%fr; R+oYf;F Vw;g ,irthf;fkiltJ ………………………… vd tiutpyf;fzk; nra;ag;gLk;. 4. gps;is tsUk; …………………… mtdJ/mtsJ cly; tsu;rr; pf;Fk; cs tsu;r;rpf;Fk; ngUksT nry;thfF; r; nrYj;Jk; vd;gJ r%ftpayhsupd; fUj;jhFk;. 5. r%fkakhFk; nrad;Kiwapd; NghJ ………………….. FLk;gk; typikahd jhff; j;ij Vw;gLj;Jk; vd;gJ r%ftpayhsupd; fUj;jhFk;. 6. ,yq;ifapd; Kiwrhu; fy;tp epWtdq;fSf;fpilNa ……………………. gz;Gfs; ed;F njspthfj; njd;gLtJ gy;fiyf;fofq;fspy; MFk;. 7. ahNjDk; xU njhopYf;F my;yJ Nritf;F cupj;jhFk; gjtpapd; my;yJ epiyapd; gzpf;$W ……………………………. vd miof;fg;gLk;. 8. cstpaypy; ,Ue;J …………………….. NtWgLk; gpujhd ,ay;ghf miktJ mjd; %yk; r%f elj;ijfs; fw;wYf;F cl;gLtjhy; MFk;. 9. rut; Njr nkhopiaf; fwpgpj;jy;> rut; Njr guPl;irfs;> ntspehl;L Gyikg; guprpy;fs;> khztu; gupkhw;w epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lq;fisr; nraw;gLj;jy; Mfpatw;wpd; %yk; vkJ ehLk; ………………………………….. vzz; ff; Uit Vw;Wf; nfhz;Ls;sJ. 10. ve;j xU egUk; jdJ tUkhdk;> nrhj;J> tug;gpurhjq;fs; vd;gtw;wpd; mbg;gilapy; xU …………………………………. cupj;jhfpd;whu;. (01 × 10 = 10Gs;spfs;) N.Manoranjithan (Lecturer,JNCoE) 48 18/JNCoE/MA/T/F/3749 C.T.Dinah Thivyamalar

 11 njhlf;fk; 20 tiuahd xt;nthU tpdhTf;Fk; cupa rupahd tpiliaf; Fwpj;J epw;Fk; ,yf;fj;ij vjpNuAs;s milg;Gf;FwpapDs; vOJf. 11. r%ftpaypd; mbg;gil Nehff; khtJ> (……..) (1) kdpjupilNaAs;s njhlu;igg; gw;wp fw;gjhFk;. (2) r%f mikg;Gf;fs; gw;wpf; fw;gjhFk;. (3) r%f epWtdq;fs; gw;wpf; fw;gjhFk;. (4) egu;fspd; gy;tifik gw;wpf; fw;gjhFk;. 12. murpay;> kUj;Jtk;> fy;tp> rl;lk; Mfpa r%f tpQ;Qhdq;fs; mlq;FtJ> (……..) (1) J}a r%f tpQ;Qhdk; vDk; gpuptpy; (2) gpuNahf r%f tpQ;Qhd gpuptpy; (3) rkepiyahd r%f tpQ;Qhdk; vDk; gpuptpy; (4) tuyhw;W uPjpahd r%ftpay; gpuptpy; 13. kiwf;fiyj;jpl;lk; ghlrhiyf; fiyj;jpl;lj;jpDs; nraw;gLj;jg;gLtjd; %yk;> (1) Mrpupau; ,y;yhj ghlNtisfspy; khztu;fis tpisjpwDs;s gzpapy; <LgLj;j KbAk;. (2) ghlrhiyapy; khzth; rq;fq;fis xOq;F nra;tjd; %yk; khzthpd; jpwd;fis tpUj;jp nra;a KbAk;. (3) ghlrhiyapy; fyhrhuj;ij my;yJ egupilj; njhlh;Gfis Nkk;gLj;j KbAk;. (4) ghlrhiyr; r%fj;jpd; ftdj;ij <h;ff; f; $ba fth;r;rpfukhd ghlrhiyahf khw;w KbAk;. (……..) 14. Kjd;ik epiy xd;iwr; Nrh;e;j gps;isnahd;iwr; r%fkakhff; ypd; NghJ vspjpy; gad;gLj;jf;$ba r%fkakhfF; k; El;g KiwahtJ> (1) MNyhrid $wYk; topfhl;lYk;. (2) fw;wYk; fw;gpj;jYk;. (3) gupRfSk; jzl; idfSk; (4) gpdg; w;wYk; Kd;khjpupahftpUj;jYk;. (……..) 15. fpil ,af;fk; (Horizontal mobility) vd;gjd; %yk; fUjg;gLk; $w;W ahJ? (……..) (1) tptrhapapd; kfd; nghwpapayhsuhjy;. (2) if cjtpahsh; xU Nkrdhjy;. (3) vOJtpidQh; xU epWtdj;jiytuhjy; (4) kUj;JtnuhUtupd; kfd; Mrpupauhjy;. 16. 1997 Gjpa fy;tp rPh;jpUj;jj;jpd; %yk; Muk;g tFg;GfSf;F mwpKfk; nra;ag;gl;l fw;wy; Kiwfspy; Kjd;ik epiy xd;Wf;f nghUj;jkhd fw;wy; Kiwfspd; gbKiwfshf miktJ> (1) jpl;kplg;gl;l tpisahl;Lf;fSk; tpNehj NtiyfSk; nraw;ghLfSk; Mrdj;jpy; mkh;e;J nra;Ak; NtiyfSk;. (2) Mrdj;jpy mkh;e;j nra;Ak; Ntiyfs;> nraw;ghLfs;> jpl;lkplg;gl;l tpisahl;Lf;fSk; > tpNehj NtiyfSk;. (3) nraw;ghLfs; Mrdj;jpy; mkh;e;j nra;Ak; Ntiyfs;> jpl;kplg;gl;l NtiyfSk; tpNehj NtiyfSk;. (4) Mrdj;jpy; mkh;e;J nra;Ak; Ntiyfs;> jpl;lkplg;gl;l tpisahl;Lf;fs;> tpNehj NtiyfSk; nraw;ghLfSk;. (……..) N.Manoranjithan (Lecturer,JNCoE) 49 18/JNCoE/MA/T/F/3749 C.T.Dinah Thivyamalar

17. ,yq;if kfsph; cah; fy;tpiaf; fw;w NghjpYk; eph;thfj;JiwapYk; ghuhSkd;wj;jpYk; Mz;fspd; gpujpepjpj;Jtj;ijNa mjpfk; fhz KbfpwJ.,jd; %yk; mwpa KbtJ> (1) ghy;epiy njhlh;ghd gpur;rpid ,yq;if r%fj;jpy; epyTfpwJ vdthFk;. (2) ghy;epiyiaj; jhz;b ehl;bd; fyhrhuj;jpw;F ,irthf;fk; mile;Jss; dh; vdthFk;. (3) ngz;fspYk; ghh;f;f Mzf; s; eph;thfj;jpy; jpwikahdth;fs; vd;gjhFk;. (4) eph;thf Ntiyfspd; NghJ vOk; rthy;fisg; ngzf; spdhy; ntw;wp nfhs;s KbahJ vd;gjhFk;. (……..) 18. Mrpupag; gapw;rpiag; ngWk; mkyh vDk; khztMrpupia jdJ gpujpgypg;G ehNsl;by; ,uzL; ghlrhiy khzth;fs; njhlh;ghf gpdt; Uk; jfty;fis vOjpAs;shh;. gpugh fkyh  Milfs; mRj;jkhdit.  jdpikia tpUk;Gthh;.  vg;NghJk; rz;il gpbg;ghh;.  kl;Lg;gLj;jg;gl;l Ngr;R  tPl;LNtiyfisr; nra;tjpy;iy  nghWg;gspf;fg;gLk; Ntiyfis  fw;wy; tsq;fisg; gad;gLj;j ed;whfr; nra;thh;. khl;lhh;.  VidNahUf;F vjidAk; nfhLf;f  gapw;rpfisr; nra;tjpy;iy khl;lhh;.  VidNahhpd; NtiyfSf;fj; jilahf  jd;idg; gw;wp kl;Lk; rpe;jpg;ghh.; ,Ug;ghh;. gpugh>fkyh Mfpa ,UtupdJk; FLk;g Rw;whly; gw;wp> khzt Mrpupiaahd mkyh gpdt; Uk; ve;j KbTf;F tUthu; vd vjpu;T$Wf. (1) gpugh fUfF; Lk;gnkhd;wpd; gps;isahthu;. fkyh tpupFLk;gj;ijr; Nru;e;j gps;isahthu;. (2) gpugh gpsTgl;l FLkg; nkhd;wpd; gps;isahthu;. fkyh tpupFLk;gnkhd;wpd; gps;isahthu;. (3) gpugh gpsTgl;l FLk;gj;ijr; Nru;e;j gps;isahthu;. fkyh fUf;FLk;gj;ijr; Nrue; ;j gps;isahthu;. (4) gpugh tpupFLk;gj;ijr; Nrue; ;j gps;isahthu;. fkyh fUf; FLk;gj;ijr; Nrue; ;j gps;isahthu;. (……..) 19. cau; r%f epiyapYs;s FLk;gq;fspd; gpsi; sfSf;Ff; fl;lzk; mwtpLfpd;w> trjp gilj;j fy;tp epWtdq;fs; jdpahf cz;L. jho; r%f epiyapYs;s gpsi; sfSf;F ,ytrkhf fy;tp toq;Fk; Fiwe;j trjpnfhz;l fy;tp epWtdq;fs; css; d. (1) r%f Vw;wj;jho;Tfs; (2) r%f mirT (3) r%fg; gilg;ghf;fk; (4) r%f mePjp (……..) 20. ghlrhiyA+lhfr; r%fj;Njitfs; epiwNtwhik> r%fj;Jf;Fj; J}ukhftpUj;jy;, jpwe;j jd;ikaw;wpUj;jy; Mfpa tplaq;fs; %yk; njspthtJ. (1) ghlrhiyapdJk; r%fj;jpdJk; njhlu;GfSf;fpilapyhd Kuz;ghL gw;wpajhFk;. (2) ngw;Nwhu; gps;isfs; njhlu;ghf Fiwthf mf;fiw fhl;Lfpdw; du; vd;gjhFk;. (3) ghlrhiyapd; ngsjpf tsq;fspd; FiwghlhFk;. (4) ghlrhiyapy; Mrpupa ntw;wplq;fs; cs;sd vd;gjhFk; (……..) N.Manoranjithan (Lecturer,JNCoE) (01 × 10 = 10Gs;spfs;) 50 18/JNCoE/MA/T/F/3749 C.T.Dinah Thivyamalar

 21 njhlf;fk; 30 tiuahd tpdhf;fSf;Fr; RUf;fkhd tpil vOJf. 21. jw;fhy ,yq;ifapd; Gjpa Nghfn; fhdw; hf fUf;FLk;gq;fs; cUthtijf; $wyhk;. fUfF; Lkg; r; #oypy; tsUk; gpsi; sf;F mjdhy; Vw;gLfpdw; vjpu;kiwahd ,uz;L tpisTfis vOJf. (i) ……………………………………………………………………………………………… (ii) ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 22. gps;isia r%fkakhd gpui[ahf khw;Wk; ghupa nghWg;G ghlrhiyf;F toq;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. gpsi; sia r%fkakhd gpui[ahf;f ghlrhiy gad;gLj;Jk; Elg; Kiwfs; ,uz;ilf; Fwpg;gpLf. (i) …………………………………………………………………………………………….. (ii) …………………………………………………………………………………………….. 23. njhlu;ghly; Clfq;fs; tanjy;iyapd;wp tho;ehs; KOtJk; eag;igAk; Ez;kjp tsu;r;rpiaAk; Vw;gLj;jpathW egiu r%fr; #oYf;F Vw;wtuhf khw;Wfpdw; J. xUtupd; Ezk; jp tsu;r;rpf;F njhlu;ghly; Clfq;fs; gq;fspg;Gr; nra;Ak; tpjq;fs; ehd;fpidj; jUf. (i) ……………………………………………………………………………………………. (ii) ……………………………………………………………………………………………. 24. jw;fhyj;jpy; ghlrhiyg; gps;isfs; mjpfkhf Nghijg;nghUs; ghtidf;F MshFk; Nghf;F css; njd Nghijg;nghUs; jLg;G myfpd; mwpf;iffspy; Rl;bf;fhl;lg ;gl;Ls;sd. ghlrhiyg; gps;isfisg; Nghijg;nghUs; ghtidapypUe;J kPl;f Mrpupau; vd;w tifapy; ePu; vLf;ff;$ba ,uz;L eltbfi; ffisf; Fwpg;gpLf. (i) …………………………………………………………………………………………… (ii) …………………………………………………………………………………………… 25. “vOj;jwpT vd;w mbg;gilapy; vkJ ehL Vida Mrpa ehLfspYk; ghu;f;f Kd;dpiyapy; ,Ue;j NghjpYk; vkJ r%fk; mjpfkhd r%fg; gpur;rpidfspy; epiwe;Jss; J” murpay;thjp xUtupd; ,f;$w;wpd;gb r%fg;gpur;rpidfs; vdf; fUjg;gLfpdw; ehd;F gpur;rpidfs; Fwpg;gpLf. (i) …………………………………………………………………………………………… (ii) …………………………………………………………………………………………… 26. gps;isNea ghlrhiynahd;wpd; (Child friendly school) khztu;fs; ngw;NwhiuAk; Mrpupauf; isAk; Nerpg;ghuf; s;. Mrpupau;fspd; mu;g;gzpg;ig kjpg;ghu;fs;. ngw;Nwhu;> Mrpupauf; s; MfpNahiug; gw;wp ey;ypzf;fj;Jld; ciuahLthu;fs;. gps;isNeaj; jd;ikiaj; njhlu;r;rpahf mgptpUj;jp nra;tjw;fhf mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;s gupkhzq;fspy; r%ftpay; Nehff; py; kpf Kf;fpakhdjhff; fUjg;gLk; gupkhzq;fs; ,uzi; l vOJf. (i) ……………………………………………………………………………………........... (ii) …………………………………………………………………………………………… N.Manoranjithan (Lecturer,JNCoE) 51 18/JNCoE/MA/T/F/3749 C.T.Dinah Thivyamalar

27. vupf; n`hapypd(; Eric hoyle) ghFghlb; d; Mrpupa tfpghfj;jpd; gpujhd ,uz;L JiwfisAk; ngaupLf. (i) …………………………………………………………………………………………… (ii) …………………………………………………………………………………………… 28. xU ehl;by; Njrpa fy;tpf; nfhs;if eilKiwg;gLj;jg;glhjpUg;gpd; Vw;gLk; ,uz;L gpujp$yq;fis vOJf. (i) …………………………………………………………………………………………… (ii) ……………………………………………………………………………………………. 29. r%f khw;wq;fSf;Nfw;g fiyj;jpl;lj;ij khw;wpaikf;Fk; NghJ vOk; ,uzL; gpur;rpidfisf; Fwpg;gpLf. (i) ……………………………………………………………………………………………. (ii) ……………………………………………………………………………………………. 30. .ghlrhiyapy; fhzg;gLfpdw; rktaJf; FOnthd;wpy; gy;tifikiaf; fhl;Lk; ehd;F Jiwfisf; Fwpg;gpLf. (i) ……………………………………………………………………………………………. (ii) ……………………………………………………………………………………………. (02 × 10 = 20Gs;spfs;) N.Manoranjithan (Lecturer,JNCoE) 52 18/JNCoE/MA/T/F/3749 C.T.Dinah Thivyamalar

(02) fy;tpr; r%ftpay; - tpdhj;jhs; Ⅱ  xt;nthU gFjpapypUe;Jk; Fiwe;jgl;rk; ,U tpdhf;fNsapDk; njupe;njLj;J Ie;J tpdhf;fSf;F tpil vOJf.  xt;nthU tpdhtpdJk; (i),(ii),(iii) Mfpa gFjpfspd; rupahd tpilfSf;F KiwNa 02,04,06 vd;wthW Gs;spfs; toq;fg;gLk;. gFjp Ⅰ 1. r%f kw;Wk; fyhrhu mq;fpahfpd;w kdpjdpd; MSik tpUj;jp jhdhf eilngWk; xd;wy;y. capupay;rhu; kdpjd; (Biological man) rKjha mq;fpahf khw r%fkakhjy; (Socialization) nrad;Kiw fhuzkhFk;. (i) “r%fkakhjy;” vd;gij tpsq;fg; nghUjj; khd tiutpyf;fznkhd;iw vOJf. (ii) gps;is rpWguhaj;jpy; ,UfF; k; NghJ kpfr; rpwpajhf Mukg; khFk; r%fkakhjy; nrad;Kiw kpfg; gue;jjhf gutpr; nry;Yk; tpjk; fPNo cUtpy; fhll; g;gLfpdw; J. mjpy; ntw;wplq;fSf;Fg; nghUj;jkhd r%fkakhfF; k; fhuzpfs; ,uz;L tPjk; vOJf 1. ………………………………. %d;whk; epiyr; r%fkakhfF; k; 2. ………………………………. fhuzpfs; 1……………………. ,il epiyr; r%fkakhfF; k; fhuzpfs; 2. ………………… 1. ………….. Kjy; epiyr; r%fkakhfF; k; fhuzpfs; 2. ………… (iii) xU gps;isia r%fkakhd %j;Njhdhf khw;Wtjw;F Mrpupau; xUtu; gpdg; w;wf;$ba r%fkakhjy; Elg; Kiwfs; %d;wpid cjhuzq;fspd; JizAld; tpsfF; f. N.Manoranjithan (Lecturer,JNCoE) 53 18/JNCoE/MA/T/F/3749 C.T.Dinah Thivyamalar

2. vy;iyaw;w MirfSld; $ba kdpjd; jd; tho;ehs; KOtJk; mjpUg;jpAld; ,Uff; pdw; hd;. mjpUg;jpia ntw;wp nfhz;ljd; gadhf kdpjd; Kd;Ndw;wj;jpd; mjp cau;epiyia mile;Jss; hd;. mz;ikfhy rpf;fyhd r%fj;jpDs; ,J xU r%fg; gpur;rpidahf khwpAs;sJ. (i) ,isQu; tpuf;jp (Youth unrest) vd;gijr; RUf;fkhf mwpKfg;gLj;Jf. (ii) ,yq;if ,isQu;fs; kj;jpapy; tpuf;jp epyTfpdw; J vdf; fhll; f$; ba ehd;F fhuzpfis vOJf. (iii) ,yq;ifapy; ,isQu; tpuf;jp Vw;gLtjw;fhd fhuzq;fs; ehd;iff; Fwpg;gpl;L, mtw;wpy; xd;iw cjhuzq;fSld; tpsfF; f. 3. ghlrhiyahdJ r%fj;jpd; NjitfspD}lhf cUthd epWtdkhifahy; r%fj;jpd; epyTif> Kd;Ndw;wk; Mfpatw;iw Nehff; khff; nfhz;L nraw;gly; ghlrhiyfspd; jiyaha flikahFk;. (i) ghlrhiyapy; nraw;gLj;jg;gLk; G+uz fiyj;jpl;lj;ijr; Nrue; ;j ,uzL; mk;rq;fis vOJf. (ii) cq;fs; tFg;giwapy; khztu;fSf;fpilNa ,ilj;njhlu;Gfs; ruP hd kl;lj;jpy; fhzg;glhj NghJ mtu;fSf;fpilapyhd ,ilj;njhlu;Gfis Nkk;gLj;j gpdg; w;w Ntz;ba fw;gpj;jy; Kiwikfs; ,uz;ilf; Fwpg;gpl;L mjpy; xd;W nraw;gLj;jg;gLk; tpjj;ijr; RUf;fkhf tptupf;Ff. (iii) ”fyhrhuj;ijf; ifaspj;jy;” vDk; Nju;r;rpf;Fg; gpsi; sfis topg;gLj;Jtjw;fhf tfpghfNkw;W ebj;jiy my;yJ ehlf Kiwiag; gad;gLj;jp ghlj;jpl;lnkhd;Wf;F nghUj;jkhd mZFKiwnahd;iwj; jpl;lkpLf. 4. goq;fhy vspa r%fj;jpypUe;J jw;fhy rpff; yhd r%fk; tiu kdpjd; gazpf;Fk; NghJ jdJ Md;kPf Njitfis epiwNtw;wpf;nfhs;Sk; tifapy; mwpe;Njh mwpahkNyh ahjhapDk; rkankhd;iw jj;Jtnkhd;iw my;yJ ek;gpfi; fnahdi; wf; nfhz;bUg;ghu;. (i) “rka ujP pahd xOq;fikg;G” vd;why; vd;d vdgijr; RUff; khf tiuaiw nra;f. (ii) rka ujP pahd xOq;fikg;gpd; %yk; Mw;wg;gLk; ehd;F gzpfis vOJf. (iii) ntt;NtW rka jj;Jtq;fisr; Nrh;e;j gps;isfs; cs;s tFg;giwnahd;wpy; fw;gpfF; k; Xu; Mrpupaupdhy; rka NtWghLfSf;F mika fw;wy; tha;g;Gfs; toq;fg;gLk; tpjj;ij cjhuzq;fs; %yk; njspTgLj;Jf. N.Manoranjithan (Lecturer,JNCoE) 54 18/JNCoE/MA/T/F/3749 C.T.Dinah Thivyamalar

gFjp Ⅱ 5. xt;nthU kf;fs; r%fj;ijAk; fUJk;NghJ njspthfj; Njhw;wf;$ba r%f tFg;Gfs; fhzg;glhj NghjpYk; vy;yhr; r%fq;fspYk; $bf; Fiwe;j mstpy; epyTk; tFg;GKiwnahd;iwf; fhzKbfpwJ (i) “r%f tFgG; ” vd;gjd; %yk; fUjg;gLtJ ahJ? (ii) xU ehl;by; fhzg;gLk; r%f tFg;Gfis ,dq;fhz;gjw;F cjTk; ehd;F fhuzpfis vOJf. (iii) ve;j xU r%fKk; Kaw;rpg;gJ r%fj;jpd; tFg;G tpj;jpahrq;fis Fiwe;jsthf;fp r%f mirit Vw;gLj;JtijahFk;. r%f mirit Vw;gLj;Jk; %d;W gpujhd fhuzpfisf; Fwpg;gplL; > mtw;Ws; xd;wpd; %yk; r%f mirT Vw;gLj;jg;gLk; tpjj;ij cjhuzq;fs; %yk; tpsf;Ff. 6. ghlrhiyahdJ gue;j r%fj;jpy; nraw;gLfpdw; mr; r%fj;jpd; cg njhFjpnahd;whFk;. mq;F eilngWk; fUkq;fs; r%fj;ij Neubahfg; ghjpf;Fk;. mjdhy; ghlrhiyf;Fk; gue;j r%fj;jpw;Fk; ,ilapy; kpf neUf;fkhd njhlu;G epyTjy; mtrpakhFk;. ,jidf; fUj;jpw; nfhz;L> (i) “ghlrhiyr; r%fk;” vd;gjw;Fg; nghUj;jkhd tiutpyf;fznkhd;iw cUthfF; f. (ii) r%fj;jpw;fhf ghlrhiyapypUe;J Muk;gpff; f;$ba ehd;F epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lq;fis vOJf. (iii) ngw;Nwhupd; xj;Jiog;G kpff; Fiwe;j kl;lj;jpy; cs;s ghlrhiynahd;wpy; “ghlrhiyAk; r%fKk;” nraw;wpl;lj;ij nraw;gLj;Jtjhapd; ghlrhiyf;Fg; ngw;Nwhupd; xj;Jiog;igg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;Fg; nghUj;jkhd nraw;wpl;l mwpf;ifnahd;iwj; jahupf;Ff. 7. ve;j xU r%fj;jpYk; mq;F trpg;gtu;fspd; ,ilr;nraw;ghLfspdhy; thOk; Nfhyk; cUthfpd;wJ. mjd; NghJ r%fj;jpy; epyTk; gy;tifikiaf; ftdj;jpw;nfhss; hJ nraw;gly; kdpj tu;ff; j;jpd; Kd;Ndw;wj;jpw;F fhuzkhfpd;wJ. (i) “r%fg; gy;tifik” vd;gijr; RUf;fkhf tpsfF; f. (ii) fw;wy;-fw;gpj;jy; nrad;Kiwapd; NghJ Xu; Mrpupau; Nkw;gbg; gy;tifikf;F Vw;g jdJ gzpfis xOq;fikf;Fk; tpjj;ij ,uzL; tplaq;fspd; %yk; RUf;fkhf tpsfF; f. (iii) ,yq;ifapd; fy;tpj;JiwapDs; r%fg; gy;tifikiaj; fUj;jpw;nfhz;L> rkfy;tp tha;g;ig Vw;gLj;Jtjw;fhf vLf;fg;glL; s;s gbKiwfs; %d;iwf; Fwpg;gpl;L> mtw;Ws; xd;iw tpsf;Ff. 8. fy;tpf;fhf gytifahd tsq;fisg; gad;gLj;Jtjd; %yk; gaDWjpAs;sJk; tpidj;jpwd; kpf;fJkhd Nritnahd;iwg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;s KbAk;. (i) “r%f tsk;” vd;gijr; RUff; khf tpsfF; f. (ii) r%f tsq;fis fw;wy;-fw;gpj;jy; nrad;Kiwf;fhfg; gad;gLj;Jtjd; ehd;F mD$yq;fisf; Fwpg;gpLf. (iii) Mrpupau; xUtUf;F jdJ tFg;giwapDs; ,ilj;njhlu;Gfis Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;F FOf; fw;wiyg; gad;gLj;Jtjd; %yk; khztupilNa flb; naOg;gf;$ba r%fj;jpwd;fs; %d;iw cjhuzq;fSld; tpsfF; f. N.Manoranjithan (Lecturer,JNCoE) 55 18/JNCoE/MA/T/F/3749 C.T.Dinah Thivyamalar

tpilfs; tpdhj;jhs; -Ⅰ 1) css; hh;e;j/ csS; zu;T 2) fyhrhuk;. 3) r%fkakhff; k;. 4) #oy;/ r%fk; 5) tpup 6) cgfyhrhuk;/Jizfyhrhuk;. 7) tfpgq;F/ ebgq;F 8) r%ftpay;. 9) cyfkakhff; y; /G+Nfhskakhff; y;. 10) r%f tFg;G. 11) 1 12) 2 13) 3 14) 4 15) 2 16) 1 17) 1 18) 3 19) 1>3 20) 1 21)  md;G mutizg;G Fiwthff; fhzg;gLk;.  czh;r;rp trg;gLk; jd;ik mjpfk; fhzg;gLk;.  Raeyj; jd;ik mjpfupf;Fk;.  ghuk;gupa fyhrhug; gzG; fs; tpOkpaq;fs; mwptJ mupjhff; fhzg;gLk;.  r%j;NjhL njhlu;ghLk; jd;ik Fiwthff; fhzg;gLk; 22)  gupRk; jzl; idAk;.  MNyhrid topfhl;ly.;  Kd;khjpup,Nghyr; nra;jy;  xOf;ff; fy;tp,tpOkpaf;fy;tp  fiyj;jpl;lk;. (r%fj;jpw;F nghUj;jg;ghL miltjw;fhd gy;NtW gz;Gfs;>elj;ijfs;> mwpTrhu; tplaq;fs;> kdg;ghq;F> jpwd;fs; fw;Wf; nfhLf;fg;gLfpd;wd)  ghlrhiyr; #oy;. (ghlrhiyfPjq;fs;> ghlrhiyf; nfhb>rpd;dq;fs;> tpohff; s;)  ghlrhiyapd; cs;shh;e;j nraw;ghLfs;.  fw;wy;/ fw;gpj;jy; rhjdq;fs;  kd;wq;fSk; mikg;Gf;fSk;  jiyikj;Jtg; gz;Gfs;  r%f nraw;wpll; k; (r%fj;jpd; Kf;fpa epfo;Tfspy; ghlrhiyapd; gq;fspg;ig toq;Fjy;) N.Manoranjithan (Lecturer,JNCoE) 56 18/JNCoE/MA/T/F/3749 C.T.Dinah Thivyamalar

23)  gpur;rpid jPh;j;jy;.  Gjpa jfty;fis clDf;Fld; ngw;Wf; nfhLj;jy;.  jfty;fis Nrfupj;Jf; nfhs;sYk; gupkhwYk;.  Kfhikj;Jt gbKiwfis NgZjy;/,yFgLj;jy.  jpl;lkply; nraw;ghLfis Jupjg;gLj;jy;  Gjpa Gjpa El;gKiwfis ngw;Wf;nfhss; y; kw;Wk; mtw;iwg; gad;gLj;jy;  xUtiu jw;fhyr; R+oYf;F ,w;iwg;gLj;jpf; nfhs;sy;.  Gjpa Gjpa fUtpfis vt;thW ,af;fpfn; fhs;tJ vd;gij mwpe;J nfhs;sy;. 24)  Nghijg; nghUs; ghtidapd; jPq;F gw;wp Mrpupah; khzth;fSf;F MNyhrid toq;Fjy;.  Mrpupaupd; Kd;khjpup elj;ijfs;.  Nghijg; nghUs; toq;Fk; eghf; s; gw;wpa tpopg;Gzh;it Vw;gj;Jjy;.  r%fk; rhh;e;j tpopg;Gzh;it Vw;gLj;Jjy;.  r%f Nrit mikg;Gf;fs;/ nghyp]hupd; cjtpAld; Nghijg;nghUs; ghtidia jLj;J epWj;jy;.  tpopg;Gzu;Tf; $l;lq;fs;/ tPjp ehlfq;fs;/ fUj;juq;Ffs; vd;gtw;iw elhj;Jjy;. 25)  ,isQh; tpuf;jp  jw;nfhiy Kaw;rp. (kd mOj;jk;> MSikr; rpijT> Fbg;gof;fk;> nghUshjhu rpf;fy;fs;)  Ntiy tha;g;gpd;ik.  r%f neUf;Fjy;fs;.  %isrhypfs; ntspNaw;wk;  epk;kjpapd;ik.  Nghij kw;Wk; kJ ghtidf;F mbikajhy;.  r%f td;Kiwfs;(ngz;fSfn; fjpuhd, rpWtu;fSf;nfjpuhd) 26)  ghy;epiy NtWghLfSf;F Vw;g nraw;ghLfisr; nra;jy;.  ngw;NwhuJk; r%fj;jpdJk; gq;fspg;gpidg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;sy;.  rpWth; cupikfis kjpj;Jr; nraw;gLjy;.  gps;isapd; Rfhjhuk; kw;Wk; ghJfhg;G rhh;ghd tplaq;fspy; ftdk; nrYj;Jjy;.  gps;isapd; fw;wy;NgWfis mjpfupj;jy;  gps;is Neag; ghlrhiyfs; rhu;ghf ntspte;j Rw;WepUgq;fs; kw;Wk; xOq;F tpjpfs; rhu;ghd mwptpid ngw;Wf;nfhss; y;  Vida nghUj;jkhd tplaq;fs; N.Manoranjithan (Lecturer,JNCoE) 57 18/JNCoE/MA/T/F/3749 C.T.Dinah Thivyamalar

27)  r%f tfpghfk;. – r%fj;jpy; gy;NtW gjtpfis tfpj;jy;, njhlu;Gfis Ngzy; %yk; cUthFk; tfpghfk;.  njhopy; rhh; tfpghfk;. – fw;wy; fw;gpj;jy; nraw;ghL kw;Wk; ,izg;ghltpjhd nraw;ghLfs; ,ize;J Kiwrhu; Kiwapy; kiw fiyj;jpl;lq;fSlhf Mw;wf; $ba tfpghfk; 28)  fy;tpiaj; njhlh;r;rpahf Kd;ndLj;Jr; nry;y KbahJ ,Uj;jy;.  milTkl;lj;jpy; rkj;Jtj; jd;ik fhzg;glhik.  fy;tprhh; tsq;fspd; gad;fs; Fwpj;j xU gFjpapdUf;F khj;jpuk; xJf;fg;gly;.  fy;tpapd; rk re;jh;g;gq;fs; nghUj;jkw;witahf mikjy;.  KO ehl;Lf;Fk; cUthd xU fy;tp xOq;fikg;ig cUthff; Kbahky; ,UfF; k;. 29)  jpl;lkply; rhh;ghd gpur;rpidfs;.  ts xJf;fLP njhlu;ghd gpur;ridfs;  eilKiwg;gLj;jy; rhh;ghd gpur;rpidfs;.  Nkw;ghh;it kw;Wk; kjpg;gPL rhh;ghd gpur;rpidfs;. mjhtJ nghUj;jkhd tsthsu;fs;, tsq;fs; , gapw;rp tFg;Gf;fs; , nrayku;Tfs; , khztu; ghlg;Gj;jfq;fs; , Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bfs; Nghd;wtw;iw xJf;fLP nra;jYk; jahupj;jYk; njhlu;ghd gpur;ridfs; kw;Wk; mtw;iw eilKiwg;gLj;jypd; NghJ mij rk;ke;jg;gl;Nlhu; cs;thq;fy; njhlu;ghd gpur;ridfs; kw;Wk; Nkw;ghu;itahsUf;Fupa Nju;r;rpapdi; kfs; kw;Wk; kjpg;gPL njhlu;ghd gulP ;irakpdi; k 30)  ghy; ghFghL.  r%f tFg;G  fy;tprhh; milTfs;.  tpNrl nraw;ghLfs;.  tpUg;G ntWg;Gf;fs.;  fyhrhuf; fl;likg;Gf;fs;.  eil cil ghtid  gq;Fjhuu;fs;  kdg;ghq;Ffs;  tpOkpaq;fSk;/ r%fg; gupkhzq;fSk; N.Manoranjithan (Lecturer,JNCoE) 58 18/JNCoE/MA/T/F/3749 C.T.Dinah Thivyamalar

tpdhj;jhs;- Ⅱ gFjp - Ⅰ 01. (i) Fwpj;j jdpegiu r%fj;jpw;F Vw;Gilatdhf khw;Wfpdw; midj;Jr; nranyhOq;FfSk; r%fkakhjy; vdg;gLk;. r%fj;jpw;F ,irthff; kiljy; my;yJ nghUj;jg;ghliljy; vd;w tifapy; vOjpapUg;gpd; my;yJ r%fj;jpy; Vw;fg;gll; cWg;gpdu; Mtjw;Fr; nra;a Ntzb; ait, nra;af; $lhjit, mwpa Ntz;bait vd;gd gw;wpf; fw;wNy r%fkakhjyhFk;. (epA+fhu;l;ld;) (ii) 1. Muk;g epiy  FLk;gk;  rktaJf; FO  ezg; h;fs;  %j;Njhh;.  MjuT toq;Fk; FOf;fs;. 2. ,ilepiy  ghlrhiy  rktaJf; FOf;fs;.  rka epWtdq;fs;.  tpisahl;Lf; fofq;fs;.  jd;dhh;tf; FOf;fs;.  Vida nghJ mikg;Gf;fs.; 3. %d;whk; epiy  mr;R Clfq;fs;(gj;jpupif/rQ;rpiffs;)  ,yj;jpudpay; Clfq;fs; (,izak;> njhiyNgrp) (iii) 1. MNyhridAk; topfhl;lYk;. (rupahd jfty;fis toq;fy;> ehspjo;fs; kw;Wk; njhiyf;fhl;rp %yk; fhl;rpg;gLj;jg;gLk; r%f tpNuhjr; nraw;ghLfspypUe;J tpLgl topfhl;ly;> r%f Nritfspy; <Lgl topfhl;ly;) 2. Kd;khjpupahf elj;jy;. (Neu Kfhikj;Jtk;, Neu;j;jpahd cil, jiyikj;Jtk;) 3. gupRk; jzl; idAk;. (rpwe;j Jyq;fiy ntspff; hl;Lk; NghJ gupRfisAk; vjpu;kiwahd Jyq;fiyf; fhl;Lk; NghJ jzl; idfisAk; toq;fy;) 4. ghuhl;Ljy;> Cf;Ftpj;jy; 5. xOf;f fy;tpAk; tpOkpaf;fy;tpAk; 6. Nghyr; nra;jy; N.Manoranjithan (Lecturer,JNCoE) 59 18/JNCoE/MA/T/F/3749 C.T.Dinah Thivyamalar

02. ,isQu;fsJ vjph;ghh;g;Gf;fs; Njitfs; nghUj;jkhd Kiwapy; fpilff; g; (i) ngwhikapdhy; ,isQh;fs; tpuf;jpf;F cs;shfpdw; dh;. ,jd; fhuzkhf cly; cs kdntOr;rp uPjpahf ghjpf;fg;gLjy; ,isQh; tpuf;jp vdg;gLk;. mjhtJ ,isQu;fs; jkJ cly; cs taJf;Nfw;g nghUj;jkhd tho;f;if Kiwia ngw;Wf; nfhs;s Kbahikapdhy; r%f nghUshjhu uPjpapyhd ghjpg;Gf;fis vjpu;Nehf;Ffpd;wdu;.,jdhy; mtu;fSf;F csuPjpahd ghjpg;Gf;fs; Vw;gLfpd;wd. ehsiltpy; mtu;fspilj;Nj ,isQu; tpuf;jp Vw;gl fhuzkhfpd;wJ. (ii) 1. jw;nfhiy (tpUg;gj;Jld; xUtu; jd;idj;jhNd nfhiy nra;J nfhs;Sk; nrayhFk;) 2. kdtOj;jq;fSf;F cl;gl;L ,Uj;jy;. 3. Nghijg; nghUl;fSf;F mbikahjy;. 4. khzth; Nghuhl;lq;fs; 5. FOf;fSf;fpilapyhd Kuz;ghLfs;. 6. vjph;fhy ,yf;fpd;wp ,Uj;jy;. 7. %j;Njhuhy; Gwf;fzpf;fg;gLjy;. 8. r%fj;jpy; ghpjhgj;JfF; upath;fshf my;yJ ntWf;fg;gLgth;fshff; fhzg;gLjy;. 9. xOf;ff;Nflhd nraw;ghLfspy; <LgLjy;. 10. vjpupfs; mjpfk; fhzg;gLjy;. (iii) 1. Ntiytha;g;gpd;ik. 2. gbg;GfN; fw;w Ntiy fpilff; hik. 3. Nghlb; g; guPl;irfSk; jug;gLj;jy;fSk;. 4. nghUshjhug; gpurr; pidfs;. 5. tWikf; Nfhl;bw;F cl;gl;l FLkg; epiy. 6. guPl;iria ikakhff; nfhz;l fy;tp Kiw 7. FWfpa tUkhdj;ijg; ngw;Wj; jUk; fy;tp Kiw. 8. gpsTgl;l FLk;gq;fs;. 9. jhkjpj;j jpUkzq;fs;. 10. flL; g;ghLfs;. tpsff; k; Ntiytha;g;gpd;ik :- mtu;fs; jkJ fy;tpia Kbj;jgpd; tho;f;ifr; nryTf;fhf tUkhdk; fpilahJ jkJ tho;f;if tl;lj;jpy; jpUkzk; clg; l Vida tpilaq;fis G+u;j;jp nra;a fhyjhkjkhfpd;wJ.,jdhy; mtu;fs; tpuf;j;ailfpd;wdu;. 03. (i) 1. Kiwrhuf; fiyj;jpl;lk; - ghlff; iyj;jpl;lk; 2. Kiwapy; fiyj;jpl;lk;. – ghlrhiy,MrpupauJ Kd;khjpupahd nraw;ghLfs; 3. kiwf;fiyj;jpl;lk; (,izghltpjhd nraw;ghLfs; kw;Wk; Nkyjpf fiyj;jpl;lr; nraw;ghLfs; rka tpohff; s;> tpNrl jpdq;fs; nfhz;lhLjy;> kd;wr; nraw;ghLfs;> tpisahl;L> fsrR; w;Wyh) N.Manoranjithan (Lecturer,JNCoE) 60 18/JNCoE/MA/T/F/3749 C.T.Dinah Thivyamalar

(ii) 1. FOf;fw;wy; Kiw (FOf;fw;wy; Kiw %yk; tFg;giwapy; khztu;fspilNa ,ilj;njhlu;Gfis rpwg;ghf Vw;gLj;j KbAk;> ,jd; %yk; xj;Jiog;G> cjtpaspj;jy;> Vw;Wf; nfhs;sy;> Nehff; j;ij ,yFthf miljy; Nghd;w r%fj;jpwd;fis khztu;fspilNa tsu;f;f KbAk;) 2. rfghbf; fw;wy;-fw;gpj;jy; Kiw (xj;j tajpdu; ,jpy; <LgLtjhy; jaf;fk; ,d;wp fw;wy;-fw;gpj;jy; eilngWk;. Rje;jpukhd fw;wyhfTk;> gapw;Wdu; gapYdu; ,ilapyhd ,iltpidj; jhff; k; capu;g;ghdjhfTk; rkepiy NgZtjhfTk; mikAk;.) 3. gq;nfLj;Jf; fw;wy; Kiw 4. ntspff; sf; fw;gpj;jy; Kiw (iii) “fyhrhuj;ijf; ifaspj;jy;” vDk; Njh;r;rpia Vw;gLj;Jtjw;F Vw;w tifahd ehlfKiw my;yJ ghj;jpuq;fis Vw;W ebj;jy; vd;gjw;F ,zq;f nghUj;jkhd xOq;F Kiwapy; ghlf;Fwpg;G vOjg;gl;bUj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. cjhuzkhf ijg;nghq;fy; gz;bifapy; tlP ;bYs;s midtUk; Ntiyfis gfpuj; y;, jha; je;ijaplk; kw;Wk; %j;j ngupahu;fsplk; Mrpu;thjk; thq;fy;, mayhu;fSld; czTfis gfpuj; y; Nghd;w tplaq;fis nghq;fy; gz;bif ehnshd;wpy; tPl;bYs;s cWg;gpduf; s; nraw;gLk; tpj;jpid ehlfk; %yk; gpujpgypg;gjd; %yk; fyrhuj;ijf; ifaspj;jy;. 04. rka ujP pahd xOq;fikg;Gf;fs; jdpj;Jtkhd rka KiwfisAk; xOfyhWfisAk; (i) mJ rhh;e;j gz;ghl;L mk;rq;fisAk; kdpj tpOkpaq;fisAk; jukhd Kiwapy; Fwpj;j r%fj;jpw;F toq;Ffpdw; mikg;ghFk;. xt;nthU kjKk; jkJ kjj;ij mjd; gz;Gfis rpijtilahky; ghJfhff; flb; ff; hj;J tUfpdw; ek;gpfi; f ,e;Jff; s; - ,e;Jkh rig fpwp];jtu;fs; - jpUr;rig ,];yhkpau; - cykh rig (ii) 1) r%fj;jpw;F Ntzb; a xOf;fq;fisf; fw;gpj;jy;. 2) r%f cWg;gpdh;fspilNa rpwe;j ey;Ywitg; Ngzpf; nfhs;Sjy;. 3) Rafl;Lg;ghL> RaxOf;fk; vd;gtw;iw tpUj;jpahf;f toptFj;jy;. 4) kdntOr;rpfisf; fl;Lg;gLj;jy;. 5) r%f Kd;khjpuiag; NgZjy;. 6) rpwe;j kdg;ghq;Ffis fw;gpj;jy;. 7) Neuhd nraw;ghLfis Mw;w topg;gLj;Jjy;. 8) rpwe;j tpOkpa mk;rq;fis gpd;gw;WjYk; mjpy; Njh;r;rp ngwTk; toptFj;jy;. 9) Fwpj;j jdp egiu rka kakhff; r; nra;jy; 10) cly;, cs mikjpiag; Ngzy; 11) MNuhff; pakhd cly; rkepiyiag; Ngzy; N.Manoranjithan (Lecturer,JNCoE) 61 18/JNCoE/MA/T/F/3749 C.T.Dinah Thivyamalar

(iii) 1) midj;J rkaj;jth;fSf;Fk; kjpg;gspj;jy;. 2) me;jej; rka tpohff; s; gz;biffisf; nfhz;lhl toptFj;jy;. 3) tho;f;if;F cfe;j rkag; ngupNahh;fspd; fUj;Jff; Sf;Fk; NghjidfSf;Fk; kjpg;gspj;jy;. 4) rkak; fl;Lf; Nfhg;ghd tho;f;ifkiwf;f toptFf;ff; $baJ vd;w jj;Jtj;ij czh;jy;. 5) xU rkaj;jpid kl;Lk; Kjd;ikg;gLj;Jk; gzg; pidj; jtph;j;jy;. 6) Vida rkaq;fis tpkh;rpj;jiy jtph;j;jy;. 7) Vida rka kuGfis jil nra;jYk; fl;Lg;gLj;jYk; Mfpatw;iwj; jtph;j;jy;. 8) Fwpj;j rkaj;jpid rhh;e;j gps;isfs; Vida rka itgtq;fspy; fyeJ; nfhs;s toptFj;jy;. tpsff; k; :- midj;J rkaj;jtu;fSf;Fk; kjpg;gspj;jy; :- ghlrhiyapYs;s khztu;fs; ,e;J, fpwp];jtk;, ,];yhk; vd ve;j kjj;ij gpdg; w;wpdhYk; mtu;fis rkkhf kjpj;J mtu;fspd; tpohff; is elhj;j mDkjpaspj;J xOq;fikg;G nra;J nfhLj;jy;. gFjp - Ⅱ 05. (i) nghUshjhuk; nrhj;Jilik njhopy; fyhrhuk; Nghd;w mk;rq;fspd; mbg;gilapy; r%fj;jpy; fhzg;gLk; NtWgl;l fll; ikg;G r%f tFg;G vdg;gLk;. r%f tFg;G Nky; tFg;G kj;jpa tFg;G fPo; tFg;G Nky; tFg;G fPo; tFg;G Nky; tFg;G fPo; tFg;G Nky; tFg;G fPo; tFg;G kj;jpa tFg;G kj;jpa tFg;G kj;jpa tFg;G (ii) 1) nghUshjhuf; fhuzp 2) nkhop 3) njhopy; me;j];J 4) fy;tp 5) thOk; gpuNjrj;jpd; jd;ik 6) r%f cwTfs; -r%ftfpghfk; 7) jdpgg; l;l Mw;wy;. N.Manoranjithan (Lecturer,JNCoE) 62 18/JNCoE/MA/T/F/3749 C.T.Dinah Thivyamalar

(iii) 1) nghUshjhuk; 2) murpay; 3) fy;tp 4) ,aw;if mdh;j;jk; 5) Aj;jk; 6) gy;fyhrhuj;jd;ik 7) efukakhff; k; 8) ,lg;ngah;T 9) Nkiyj;Nja nry;thfF; nghUshjhuk; :- xUtuplj;jpy; my;yJ xU r%fj;jpy; Vw;glf;$ba nghUshjhu Kd;Ndw;wk; mtu;fsJ tho;f;if Nfhyk;, tPl;L trjpfs;, fy;tp, njhopy; tha;g;G vd;gtw;wpd; Kd;Ndw;wj;ij Vw;gLj;jp mtu;fis xU r%f tFg;gpypUe;J ,d;ndhU r%f tFg;gpw;F efu;j;Jk; 06. (i) ghlrhiyAld; njhlh;Gs;s ghlrhiyf;Fs;Sk; ntspAk; mjDld; njhlh;Gila midtUk; ghlrhiyr; r%fk; vdg;gLk;. ghlrhiyapd; Kd;Ndw;wk; Fwpj;J nraw;gLgth;fSk; mNj jUzj;jpy; ghlrhiy %yk; jk;ik tsh;j;Jf; nfhs;gth;fSk; ,t;tFjpapdh; Mthh;.mjhtJ khzth;fs; Mrpupah;fs; mjpgh>; fy;tprhh; cj;jpNahfj;jh;fSk; kw;Wk; ngw;Nwhh; gioa khzth;fs; rkaj; jiyth;fs>; th;j;jfh;fs> murpay;thjpfs;> eyd;tpUk;gpfs; >muR mur rhh;gw;w epWtdq;fs; Mfpatw;iw cs;slf;fpa r%fk;. ,jid 2 tpjkhf gpupff; yhk;. (1) ghlrhiy cl; r%fk; - mjpgu,; Mrpupau,; khztu;fs;…… (2) ghlrhiy ntspr; r%fk; - ngw;Nwhu;, gioa khztu;fs…; … (ii) 1) r%fj;jpw;F Ntzb; a MNyhrid topfhl;ly; toq;Fjy;. 2) gFjp Neuj; njhopy; gapw;rpfis toq;Fjy;. 3) Rfhjhuk; >rpukjhdg; gzpfis Nkw;nfhss; y;. 4) tpopg;Gzh;T fUj;juq;Ffs;> $l;lq;fs; elhj;Jjy;. 5) r%f epfo;r;rpfs; jpl;lq;fis Nkw;nfhst; jw;fhf ghlrhiy tsq;fisg; gad;gLj;Jjy;. (ghlrhiy kzl; gk;, ikjhdk; Nghd;wtw;iw toq;Fjy;) 6) njhopy; topfhl;lYf;fhd nraw;wpl;lq;fis Nkw;nfhss; y;. (iii) nraw;wpl;lk; Kd;nkhopT fPo;tUk; mk;rq;fis cilajhf ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. 1) jiyg;G – ghlrhiyAk; r%fKk; 2) Nehff; k; - ngw;Nwhupd; xj;Jiog;ig ngw;Wf; nfhs;sy; 3) fhy msT. - ,uzL; khjq;fs; 4) tsthsh;fs; - Mrpupauf; s,; khztu;fs;, ngw;Nwhu;fs;, gioa khztu; rq;fk; 5) mjd; gad;ghL – r%fj;jpd; tsq;fis ghlrhiyr; nraw;ghLfSf;F ngwy; tpsff; k; :- ,r; nraw;wpll; j;ij mKy;gLj;j xU rpukjhdj;ij xOq;F nra;J mJgw;wpa mwpTWj;jy;fis ngw;Nwhu;fSf;F toq;fp ngw;Nwhupd; xj;Jiog;Gld; Nkw;gb jpl;lj;Jld; rpukjhdj;ij Nkw;nfhss; y; N.Manoranjithan (Lecturer,JNCoE) 63 18/JNCoE/MA/T/F/3749 C.T.Dinah Thivyamalar

07. (i) xU r%fj;jpy; gy;NtWgl;l nkhopfs>; kjq;fs;> rhjp ,dq;fs;> fyhrhuq;fs; gz;ghLfs; fhzg;gLkhapd; mj;jifa r%fk; gy;tifikr; r%fk; vdg;gLk;. (ii) 1. nkhopg; gad;ghL 2. MNyhrid topfhl;ly.; 3. ju cs;sLP fisg; gad;gLj;jy;. 4. midj;J khzth;fisAk; rkdhf NehfF; jy;. 5. midtUf;Fk; cjtp toq;Fjy; 6. midtUf;Fk; rktha;g;Gf;fis toq;Fjy;. 7. r%fg; gy;tifikia Vw;Wf; nfhz;L mjw;Nfw;g fw;gpj;jiy Nkw;nfhss; y;. tpsff; k; :- nkhopg; gad;ghL - gy;NtW nkhop NgRk; $l;lq;fspy; nghJthd nkhopiag; gad;gLj;jy;. ju css; PLfisg; gad;gLj;jy; - glq;fs,; fhl;r;rpg;gLj;jy;fs; (iii) 1. ,ytrf; fy;tp (,ytrg; Gj;jfk;, ,ytrr; rPUil, kjpaNghrdk;) 2. fll; haf; fy;tp Kiw 3. Njrpa ghlrhiyfs; Muk;gpff; g;gl;lik. 4. kj;jpa fy;Y}upfs; Muk;gpff; g;gl;lik. 5. jha;nkhopf; fy;tpf;F Kf;fpaj;Jtk; toq;fg;gll; ik. 6. njhopy;El;g Ma;T $lq;fs;. 7. ,ytr toq;fw; Nritfs;. tpsff; k; :- ,ytrf; fy;tpapy; trjp tha;g;Gs;s khztu;fisg; NghdN; w twpa khztu;fSk; rpwe;j fy;tpiag; ngw;Wf; nfhs;s KbAk;. mjhtJ ,ytrg; Gj;jfk; ,ytrr; rPUil kjpa Nghrdk; Nghd;w rk tha;g;G fpilff; g; ngWk; 08. (i) r%fj;jpYs;s ngsjPf tsq;fisAk; kdpj tsq;fisAk; Fwpf;Fk;. mj;Jld; njhopy; Kaw;rpf;Fupa njhopy; epWtdq;fSk; epGzj;Jtk; tha;e;jth;fSk; r%f tsq;fshf fUjg;gLfpdw; d. ,q;F Nkyjpfkhf epjp, Neuk;, jfty; cs;slq;fpa tsq;fis css; lf;fpaJ. (ii) 1. tpidjpwidAk; Kd; mDgtj;jpidAk; ngw;Wf; nfhs;syhk;. 2. Mspilj; njhlh;Gfis tpUj;jp nra;ayhk;. 3. r%fj;jpw;Fk; my;yJ ghlrhiyf;Fkpilapy; rpwe;j ,iltpidj; njhlh;gpid Vw;gLj;jpf; nfhs;syhk; 4. mwptpidAk; jpwidAk; Nkkg; Lj;jyhk;. 5. cz;ikfisf; fw;Wf; nfhs;s re;jh;g;gk; fpilj;jy;. 6. Gjpa mwpthh;e;j tplaq;fisg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;s toptFj;jy;. 7. ghlrhiyapy; mupjhfTs;s tsq;fis r%fj;jpypUe;J ngw;Wf; nfhs;syhk;. N.Manoranjithan (Lecturer,JNCoE) 64 18/JNCoE/MA/T/F/3749 C.T.Dinah Thivyamalar

(iii) 1. Vidath;fsplj;jpy; nghWg;Gzh;Tld; nraw;gLk; jd;ik. 2. Vidath;fspd; fUj;Jf;fSfF; kjpg;gspj;Jr; nraw;gLjy;. 3. Mspilj; njhlh;G tpUj;jpailAk;. 4. r%fj; jpwd; tpUj;jpailAk;. 5. Rje;jpukhd nraw;ghl;Lf;F toptFf;Fk;. 6. jiyikj;Jtg; gz;G tpUj;jpailAk;. 7. rpwe;j clYiog;ig ngw;Wf; nfhs;s KbAk;. 8. ruP hd Kiwapy; jkJ nraw;ghLfis Nkw;nfhss; KbAk;. 9. gz;G rhh;e;jJk; msT rhh;e;jJkhd mk;rq;fisg; gpdg; w;wf; $bajhf mikjy;. ,q;F FOfw;wy; %yk; VidNahUld; Nrue; ;J fw;gjdhy; Gupe;Jzu;T, xj;Jiog;G, mwpit gupkhWjy; , khztu; ,ilj; njhlu;Gfis tpUj;jp nra;jy; Nghd;w gz;Gfs; tpUj;jpahFk;. N.Manoranjithan (Lecturer,JNCoE) 65 18/JNCoE/MA/T/F/3749 C.T.Dinah Thivyamalar

fw;gpj;jypy; Njrpa bg;Nshkh ,Wjpg; guPl;ir - 2012 (2013) (02) fy;tp r%ftpay; - tpdhj;jhs; Ⅰ  1 njhlff; k; 10 tiuahd tpdhff; spy; jug;gl;Ls;s xtn; thU $w;wpdJk; ,ilntspf;F kpfg; nghUj;jkhd nrhy;iy /nrhw;fis ,l;Lg; G+uzg;gLj;Jf. 1. xU gps;is r%fkakhFk; NghJ kdntOr;rp mgptpUj;jp njhlu;ghf ghlrhiyapYk; $Ljyhf …………………….Clhfg; ngWk; nry;thfF; typikahdJ. 2. FLk;gj;ij ikakhff;nfhz;l FWfpa ghu;itf; Nfhzj;jpy; ,Ue;J tpyfp tpupthd r%f ghu;itf; Nfhzj;jpy;r%fj;ij NehfF; tjw;F …………………….egUf;F topfhl;LfpwJ. 3. tFg;giwapYs;s r%fj;jhuiffs; kw;Wk; r%f jdpg;gll; tu;fs; my;yJ xJq;fpapUg;gtu;fis ,dq;fhz Xu; Mrpupaupdhy; gad;gLj;jf;$ba r%f …………………………. KiwahFk;. 4. ghlrhiynahd;wpd; epUthf fll; ikg;ig vt;tsT ed;whf xOq;fikj;j NghjpYk; mjidr; nraw;gLj;Jk; fl;lj;jpy; ghlrhiy r%fj;JlDk; …………………………. ,zf;fkhd njhlu;Gfs; Ngzg;glhjpUg;gpd; ahTk; Njhy;tpailAk;. 5. fyhrhunkhd;wpDs; rpy fyhrhu mk;rq;fs; khwhJ epyTjy; fyhrhu …………………….. vd khdpltpay; tpQ;Qhdpfs; mwpKfg;gLj;Jfpd;wdu;. 6. tFg;giwnahd;wpd; ,ilj;njhlu;GfSf;Fk;> fUj;Jg; gupkhwy;fSf;Fk; than; khop %yj;ijg; Nghd;Nw ……………………….. njhlu;ghly; KiwfSk; kpf Kf;fpakhdjhFk;. 7. xU ehl;bd; r%f khw;wq;fSf;Nfw;g Kiwrhu; fy;tp khw;wkilaNtz;ba tpjj;ij gpujpgypf;Fk; re;ju;g;gk; ……………………………. ruP ;jpUj;jq;fshFk;. 8. xU ehl;bd; fyhrhuq;fs; rpy cs;s NghJ me;ehl;bDs; nraw;glNtz;baJ ……………………………….. MFk;. 9. Kiwrhu; kw;Wk; ……………………………. FOkq;fs; gps;isfspd; fy;tp kPJ Neuhd Kiwapy; Nghd;Nw vjpu;kiwahd KiwapYk; nry;thfF; r; nrYj;j KbAk;. 10. r%ff;FOnthd;wplKs;s nghUshjhu rf;jpapd; mbg;gilapy; xU r%fj;jpd; egu;fisg; gpupg;gJ ……………………………… %ykhFk;. (01 × 10 = 10Gs;spfs;) N.Manoranjithan (Lecturer,JNCoE) 84 18/JNCoE/MA/T/F/3730 J.Sinthuja

 11 njhlf;fk; 20 tiuahd xt;nthU tpdhTf;Fk; cupa rupahd tpiliaf; Fwpj;J epw;Fk; ,yf;fj;ij vjpNuAs;s milg;Gf;Fwpf;Fs; vOJf. 11. ghlrhiyapy; nraw;gLj;jg;gLfpd;w vy;yhf; fw;wy; mDgtq;fisAk; cs;slf;Fk; fiyj;jpl;lk; vd miof;fg;gLfpd;wJ. 1) Kiwrhu; kw;Wk; Kiwrhuh fiyj;jpl;lj;jpy; mlq;Fk; mDgtq;fisAk;. 2) Kiwrhu; kw;Wk; kiw fiyj;jpl;lj;jpy; mlq;Fk; vy;yh mDgtq;fisAk;. 3) Kiwrhu; fiyj;jpl;lj;jpw;F Nkyjpfkhf cyfpd; gy;NtW jfty;fs; gw;wpa mDgtq;fSk;. 4) Kiwrhu;>Kiwrhuh Kiwapy; fiyj;jpl;lq;fspy; mlq;Fk; vy;yh mDgtq;fSk;. (……………) 12. r%fnkhd;wpy; mq;fj;Jtk; ngw;Ws;s vy;yh mq;fj;jtuf; spdJk; tpOkpaq;fs; mwnewpfs; kdg;ghq;Ffs; nkhop Mil mzpfs; ve;j Xu; mk;rj;jpYk; my;yJ mit ahtw;wpYk; Vw;gl;Ls;s khw;wq;fis miog;gJ. 1) ehl;bd; fyhrhu khw;wnkhd;nwd. 2) r%f gilaikg;gpd; khw;wnkhd;nwd. 3) r%f tFg;G mbg;gilapyhd ,ay;gpd; khw;wnkhd;nwd. 4) ehl;bd; r%f mwnewpfs; khw;wnkhd;nwd. (……………) 13. xU ehl;bd; nghJthd fyhrhuj;jpDs; tho;e;jthW jkf;Nf rpwg;ghd NtW tifapyhd tho;f;iff; Nfhyj;Jld; $ba kf;fs; gpuptpdiu r%ftpay; ujP pahf 1) r%f tFg;ngd miof;fg;gLk;. 2) ,ilg;guk;giu mirTvdmiof;fg;gLk;. 3) Jizf;fyhrhunkd miof;fg;gLk;. 4) gy;fyhrhuk; vd miof;fg;gLk;. (……………) 14. xU gps;is r%fkakhd tsu;e;Njhuhtjw;F kpf typikahfr; nraw;gLk; Muk;g r%fkakhff; y; fhuzpahtJ 1) FLk;gk;> ghlrhiy> rpW tpisahl;Lf;FOf;fs; 2) FLk;gk;> el;Gf;FOf;fs;> rpWtpisahl;Lf;FOf;fs; 3) FLk;gk;> ghlrhiy> el;Gf;FOf;fs; 4) FLk;gk;> njhiyf;fhl;rp> el;Gf;FOf;fs; (……………) 15. Kiwrhu; ghlrhiyapd; mz;kpa r%fkhf miof;fg;gLtJ. (……………) 1) khztu;fs;> ngw;Nwhu;fs;> gioakhztu;fs; 2) khztu;fs;> Mrpupau;fs;> mjpgu; 3) khztu;fs;> ngw;Nwhu;fs;> eyd;tpUk;gpfs; 4) khztu;fs;> mjpgu;> ngw;Nwhu;fs;. 16. ghlrhiyf;Fk; r%fj;jpw;Fk; ,ilapyhd njhlu;gpd; NghJ r%fj;ijg; ghlrhiyf;F nfhz;LtUtjw;fhf gadg; Lj;jf;$ba kpfTk; nghUj;jkhd xU nraw;ghL 1) r%fj;jpd; mgptpUj;jpf;fhf ghlrhiyapd; tsq;fis toq;FtjhFk;. 2) r%fj;jpYs;s gy;NtW mwpTfs;> jpwd;fs;> tsq;fs; Mfpatw;iw ghlrhiyf;F toq;Fk; Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fis nraw;gLj;jyhFk;. 3) r%fj;jpw;fhfg; ghLgl Ntz;Lnkd khztu;fSf;F fw;gpg;gjhFk;. 4) ghlrhiyapd; mgptpUj;jpf;fhd jdJ nghWg;igg; gw;wp r%fj;jpw;F mwpTWj;JtjhFk;. N.Manoranjithan (Lecturer,JNCoE) 85 18/JNCoE/MA/T/F/3730 J.Sinthuja

(……………) 17.“ fy;tp Kiwikapd; %yk; vk;khy; jahu;g;gLj;j Ntz;baJ ehk; mwpahj Xu; cyfpw;F egu;fis nghUj;jg;ghlilar; nra;jyhFk;.“ ,f;$w;wpd; fUj;jhtJ. 1) fy;tpapd; %yk; ,Jtiu fz;lwpahj mfpyj;ij Njbaha;tjw;F gps;isia jahug; ;gLj;j Ntz;Lk; vd;gjhFk;. 2) fy;tpapd; %yk; mwpahj cyifg; gw;wp gps;isf;F nrhy;ypf;nfhLg;gjhFk;. 3) fy;tpapd; %yk; vjpu;fhycyfpw;Fg; nghUj;jkhd egu;fis cUthf;FtjhFk;. 4) fy;tpapd; %yk; NtW cyfq;fspy; tho;tjw;F egu;fis topg;gLj;JjyhFk;. (……………) 18.gapw;rpngWk; gapYdu; Mrpupau; xUtupdhy; nraw;gLj;jg;gl;l gpd;tUk; nraw;wpll; q;fSs; ghlrhiyr; nraw;wpll; khdJ. 1) khztupd; ngw;Nwhupw;F khztu; Kd;Ndw;w mwpf;ifia thue;NjhWk; mDg;Gtjw;F Gjpa khjpupg; gbtnkhd;iwj; jahupg;gjhFk;. 2) ghlrhiyf;F vjpupYs;s gpujhd ghijapy; khztu;fs; ghijiaf; flg;gjw;F kQ;Ql;Nfhl;il tiutjhFk;. 3) tFg;giwapy;khztu;fspd; Mf;fq;fisf; fhl;rpg;gLj;j fhl;rpg;gyifnahd;iw mikg;gjhFk;. 4) ngw;Nwhupd; xj;jhirAld; ghlrhiyapy; FbePu; toq;Fk; Kiwnahd;iwr; nraw;gLj;JtjhFk;. (……………) 19.khdpl epyTifapd; vy;yh mk;rq;fspd; kPJk; nry;thfF; r; nrYj;Jk; cyfkakhjy; %yk; Vw;gLj;jg;gLfpd;w gykhd mD$ykhtJ> 1) ehl;bd; fy;tp mgptpUj;jp Jupjkiljy;. 2) mgptpUj;jpaile;j ehLfSf;F mjpfsthd tsq;fis EfuKbjy;. 3) ntspehl;L cjtpapd; %yk; khj;jpuk; fy;tp mgptpUj;jpia vjpu;ghu;g;gjhFk;. 4) rkepiyaw;w fw;Nwhupd; ntspNaw;wj;jpw;F topNfhYjy;. (……………) 20.r%fkakhff; y; vd;gJ egiu jdJ Rw;whlypd; r%fr; #oypw;F Vw;wthW tbtikg;gjhFk;. ,f;$w;iw ntspap;ll; tu;. 1) fhu;s;khuf; ;]; 2) N`gu;l; ];ngd;ru; 3) mf;]up nfhkpb 4) vkpy; Nlu;i`k; (……………) (01 × 10 = 10Gs;spfs;) N.Manoranjithan (Lecturer,JNCoE) 86 18/JNCoE/MA/T/F/3730 J.Sinthuja

 21 njhlf;fk; 30 tiuahd tpdhf;fSf;Fr; RUf;fkhd tpil jUf. 21. r%fkakhfF; k; nraw;ghL edT epiyiag; Nghd;Nw edtyp epiyiaf; nfhz;lJ. ,t;tpuz;L epiyfisAk; tpsfF; f. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 22. epiyf;Fj;J r%f mirT fhuzkhf egupd; r%f epiyapy; Vw;glf;$ba gpujhd khw;wq;fs; ,uz;il vOJf. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 23. Nghyrn; ra;Ak; khjpupnahd;whf nraw;gLk; Mrpupau; jkJ tFg;giw khztu;fis r%fkakhff; g; gadg; Lj;jf;$ba ,uz;L fUtpfis Fwpg;gpLf. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 24. gy;fyhrhuf; fy;tp Kiwiknahd;W nraw;glhikahy; gy;tif r%fnkhd;wpy; Vw;glf;$ba r%fg;gpur;rpidfs; ,uz;ilg; ngaupLf. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 25. xNu tifia my;yJ Njrpaj;ijf; nfhz;l r%fnkhd;wpYk; r%fg; gilahf;fj;jpd; %yk; egu;fs; NtWgLj;jYf;F cl;gLj;jg;gLthu;.Nkw;Fwpj;j NtWgLj;jy; gpujpgypff; pd;w ,uz;L re;ju;g;gq;fisf; Fwpg;gpLf. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 26. GJKf Mrpupau; xUtu; jdJ Kjy; epakd ghlrhiyapy; fy;tpr;r%ftpay; ghlj;ijf; fw;wjd; %yk; jhd; ngw;w mDgtj;ij gadg; Lj;jf;$ba ,uz;L re;ju;g;gq;fis vLj;Jff; hl;Lf. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 27. ghlrhiyapy; fw;wy; vjpu;ghu;g;Gff; s; epiwNtwhik vd;w fhuzj;ijj; jtpu ,sk;taJ khztu; jdpahu; tFg;Gf;fspw;F nry;tjpy; nry;thfF; nrYj;jpAs;s ,uz;L fhuzq;fis Kdi; tfF; f. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 28. Mz; ngz; r%f epiyf;F ,iaghf nraw;gLk; jpwd; khztUs; tsu;ff; ghlg;nghWg;ghrpupau; xUtupdhy; gad;gLj;jf;$ba eilKiwfs; ,uz;il Kd;nkhopf. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… N.Manoranjithan (Lecturer,JNCoE) 87 18/JNCoE/MA/T/F/3730 J.Sinthuja

29. FOf;fw;wy; %yk; khztuplk; tsu;f;ff$; ba Kf;fpa r%fj;jpwd;fs; ,uz;ilf; Fwpg;gpLf. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 30. Njrpa fy;tpf; nfhs;ifnahd;iwj; jahupg;gjd; %yk; ve;j xU ehLk; epiwNtw;wpf;nfhss; vjpu;ghu;f;Fk; r%f vjpu;ghu;g;Gfs; ,uz;ilf; Fwpg;gpLf. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… (02 × 10 = 20Gs;spfs;) N.Manoranjithan (Lecturer,JNCoE) 88 18/JNCoE/MA/T/F/3730 J.Sinthuja

(02) fyt; pr; r%ftpay; - tpdhj;jhs; Ⅱ  xt;nthU gFjpapypUe;Jk; Fiwe;jgl;rk; ,U tpdhff; NsapDk; njupe;njLj;J Ie;J tpdhff; Sf;F tpil vOJf.  xt;nthU tpdhtpdJk; (i),(ii),(iii) Mfpa gFjpfspd; rupahd tpilfSf;F KiwNa 02,04,06 vd;wthW Gs;spfs; toq;fg;gLk;. gFjp Ⅰ 1) egnuhUtu; rKjhaj;jpy; nraYhff; Ks;s eguhf khWtJ r%fkakhfF; k; nraypDhlhfthFk;. i) egu; xUtu; jdJ r%f elj;ijfisg; ngw;Wf;nfhsS; k; gpujhd Kiwfs; ,uz;ilf; Fwpg;gpLf. ii) njhlu;ghly; Clfq;fs; egiu r%fkakhf;Fk; nraw;ghl;by; Vw;gLj;Jk; rhjfkhdJk;> ghjfkhdJkhd nry;thf;Ffs; ,uz;L tPjk; Fwpg;gpLf. iii) njhlu;ghly; Clfq;fs; %yk; Vw;gLj;Jfpd;w ghjfkhd nry;thfF; fis ,optsthff; tFg;ghrpupau; vd;wtifapy; ePu; gad;gLj;Jk; Kiwfs; %d;iw cjhuzq;fSld; tpsf;Ff. 2) fyhrhuj;ij ,sk;guk;giuapdUf;F ifaspj;jypd; NghJ ghlrhiyf; fiyj;jpl;lj;jpw;F Kf;fpa ,lk; cupj;jhfpd;wJ. i) ghlrhiyf; fiyj;jpl;lj;jpDhlhf khztUf;F toq;ff;$ba fyhrhug; ngWkhdq;fs; ehd;iff; Fwpg;gpLf. ii) ve;j xU r%fj;jpdJk; fyhrhu khw;wq;fspd; kPJ nry;thfF; nrYj;jf;$ba ehd;F fhuzpfisf; Fwpg;gpLf. iii) Kiwapy;(mwnewp) fiyj;jpl;lj;jpDhlhf fyhrhug; ngWkhdq;fisf; ifaspf;ff;$ba %d;W re;ju;g;gq;fis cjhuzq;fisj;jeJ; tpsf;Ff. 3) ghlrhiy xU Kiwrhuh xOq;fikg;ghapDk; mjpYs;s Kiwrhuhf; FOf;fspd; nry;thf;F gykhdJ. i) ghlrhiyapYs;s Kiwrhuh xOq;fikg;Gfs; ,uz;ilg; ngaupLf. ii) ghlrhiynahd;wpy; Kiwrhuh r%fq;fspdhy; Vw;gLj;jg;gLk; rhjf ghjfkhd nry;thfF; fs; ,t;tpuz;L tjP k; Fwpg;gpLf. iii) Nkw;Fwpg;gpl;l ghjfkhd tpisTfis ,optsthff; tFg;ghrpupau; vd;w ujP papy; cq;fspdhy; nraw;gLj;jf;$ba %d;W eilKiwfis cjhuzq;fSld; tpsf;Ff. 4) gy;ypd r%fnkhd;wpy; gu];gu nfsutj;ijAk; el;igAk; tsu;g;gjw;fhf Njrpa fy;tpf;nfhs;ifnahd;iw nraw;gLj;JtJ kpf mtrpakhdjhFk;. i) r%fnkhd;wpy; gy;tifik Vw;gLtijg; gpujpgypfF; k; ,ay;Gfs; ,uz;ilf; Fwpg;gpLf. ii) gy;ypd r%fnkhd;wpy; Njrpa fy;tpf; nfhs;ifnahd;W ,Uj;jy; Kf;fpakhf miktJ vd;d fhuzq;fspdhy; vd tpsf;f ehd;F tplaq;fisj; jUf. iii) ,yq;ifapy; Njrpa fy;tpf; nfhs;ifnahd;iwj; jahupf;Fk; NghJ ftdj;jpw;nfhss; Ntz;ba tplaq;fs; %di; w cjhuzq;fSld; tpsfF; f. N.Manoranjithan (Lecturer,JNCoE) 89 18/JNCoE/MA/T/F/3730 J.Sinthuja

gFjp Ⅱ 5) rpWtu; J\\;gpuNahfkhdJ ehl;by; gps;isfspd; ghJfhg;igg; Nghd;Nw mtu;fsJ tho;f;ifia elhj;Jtjw;Fk; ngUk; mr;RWj;jyhf miktJ. i) rpWtu; J\\;gpuNahfk; vd;gij tpsf;Ff. ii) rpWtu; J\\;gpuNahfj;jpw;F Mshff;$ba re;ju;g;gq;fisAk;mjpy; nry;thfF; nrYj;jf;$ba egu;fs; ahu; vd;gijAk; ,uz;L cjhuzq;fs; je;J tpsf;Ff. iii) rpWtu; J\\;gpuNahfj;jpw;F Mshtij ,optsthf;f tFg;ghrpupau; vd;w tifapy; ePq;fs; gad;gLj;JK; Kiwfs; %d;iw cjhuzq;fSld; tpsfF; f. 6) r%f khw;wq;fs; fy;tpapDhlhfg; gpujpgypf;fg;gLjy; kpff; fl;lhakhdjhFk;. i) r%fj;jpd; khWe;jd;ik vd;gijr; RUf;fkhf tpsf;Ff. ii) r%fkhw;wq;fspd; NghJ ehl;bd; fy;tpAk; khw;wkiljy; mtrpak; vd;gjw;F ehd;F fhuzq;fis Kdi; tfF; f. iii) jw;fhyj;jpdJk;> vjpu;fhyj;jpdJk; khw;wq;fspw;F Vw;g Mrpupa tfpghfk; khw;wkila Ntz;ba tpjj;ij %d;W cjhuzq;fSld; tpsfF; f. 7) “rKjha gy;tifikf;F kjpg;gspj;jy; njhlu;ghd jpwd;fisg; gapw;Wtpj;jy; Muk;gpff; g;glNtz;baJ tFg;giwapDhlhfthFk;.” i) tFg;giwapy; rKjhag;gy;tifik fhzg;gLfpd;wnjd;gij cWjpg;gLj;jf;$ba fhuzq;fs; ,uz;ilg; ngaupLf. ii) rKjhag; gy;tifikf;F kjpg;gspf;Fk; jpwd;fspy; Nju;r;rpailar; nra;ahikahy; rKjhaj;jpy; fhzg;gLfpd;w gpur;rpidfs; ,uz;il Kd;itff; . iii) rKjhag; gy;tifikf;F kjpg;gspf;Fk; jpwd;fis khztuplk; Vw;gLj;j tFg;ghrpupau; vd;w tifapy; eqP ;fs; gadg; Lj;Jk; Kiwfs; %d;iw cjhuzq;fSld; tpsf;Ff. 8) khztuplk; r%fj;njhlu;Gfis tsu;g;gjw;fhf rfghbfs; fw;wy; Kiw kpfTk; gaDs;sJ. i) rfghbfs; fw;wy; Kiw vd;gij RUf;fkhf tpsf;Ff. ii) rfghbfs; fw;wy;Kiwiag; gad;gLj;Jtjdhy; khztuplk; tsu;f;ff;$ba r%fj;jpwd;fs; ehd;if Kdi; tff; . iii) ghlj;ijj; jpl;lkpLk; NghJ nraw;ghl;il mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l 5E khjpupAU my;yJ Nehff; j;ij mbg;gilahff;nfhz;l khjpupAU Mfpa ,uz;by; xd;iwj; Nju;e;njLj;J NkNy Fwpg;gpl;l r%fj;jpwd;fs; ,uz;il tsuf; ;Fk; tpjj;ij cjhuzq;fspd; JizAld; tpsfF; f. N.Manoranjithan (Lecturer,JNCoE) 90 18/JNCoE/MA/T/F/3730 J.Sinthuja

tpilfs; tpdhj;jhs; -Ⅰ 1. FLk;gk; 2. rktaJf;FO 3. r%fkakhd Nrhjid 4. gu];gu 5. Njff; k; 6. irif/cly; 7. fy;tp/fiyj;jpl;lk; 8. fy;tp Kiwik 9. Kiwrhuh 10. tu;f;fk;/tFg;G 11. 04 12. 01 13. 03 14. 02 15. 01 16. 02 17. 03 18. 02 19. 01 20. 04 21.  edT epiy : jdpahs;, FOf;fs; Mfpatw;Wld; njhlu;G nfhs;tjd; %yk; khw;wpaikj;jy;. ( nrhy;ypf; nfhLj;jy;, topfhl;Ljy;)  edtpyp epiy : jdpahs; Vidatuf; Sld; njhlu;G nfhs;tjd; %yk; jd;id xOq;fikj;Jf; nfhs;sy;. (,iaghf;fkiljy;) 22.  cau; njhopiyg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;sy;.  tUkhdk; cau;tiljy;.  r%f mq;fPfhuk; fpilj;jy;.  cau;e;j vjpu;ghu;g;Gff; s; fhzg;gly;.  r%f nghUshjhuk; Nkk;ghliljy; N.Manoranjithan (Lecturer,JNCoE) 91 18/JNCoE/MA/T/F/3730 J.Sinthuja

23.  [dehaf eilKiwfisg; gpd;gw;Wk; jiyikj;Jt Kiwik/ ghzpiag; gpd;gw;Wjy;.  Mrpupau; Kdk; hjpupahfr; nraw;gly;.  Mrpupaupd; Ngr;R, eil, cil,ghtiz (MrpupauJ Ngr;R eil> cil> ghtiz Neu;j;jpahdJk;>jpUg;jpaspf;ff;$bajhf mikAk; re;ju;g;gj;jpYk; khztu; mjidg; gpd;gw;w vj;jdpg;gu;.)  Mrpupau-; khztu,; khztu;-khztu; ,iltpid cwit rpwg;ghf Nkw;nfhss; y;. 24.  Nghuhl;lq;fs; cUthjy;.  Vida r%ff; FOf;fspd; /Njitfisf; fUj;jpw; nfhs;shik.  rpWghd;ik r%fk; njhlh;gpy; vjpuhd kdg;ghq;F, kdntOr;rpia ntspg;gLj;Jjy;.(rpWghd;ik r%f cupikfis kjpf;fhik> )  r%f td;Kiwfspy; <Lgly;.(Nfhapy;fis ,bj;jy;)  r%fq;fSf;fpilapyhd xj;Jiog;G Fiwtiljy;.(xt;nthU r%fKk; jdJ r%fj;ij khj;jpuk; ikag;gLj;jp Raeyg;ghq;fpy; nraw;gly;.)  cg fyhrhuq;fis kjpf;fhik. 25.  ,d>kj mbg;gilapy; tha;g;Gf;fs;> rYiffs; NtWgLj;jg;gly;.  tug;gpurhjq;fs>; rYiffs; ngwg;gly;.  njhopYf;Nfw;g r%f me;j];J NtWgLjy;.(cau; njhopiyg; ngw;wpUg;Nghu; kupahijf;FupatuhfTk;> rhjhuz njhopypypUg;Nghu; kupahij Fd;wpatuhfTk; fzpf;fg;gLjy;.)  Nky; tFg;gpdu; kj;jpaju> jho; nghUshjhuj;jpYs;Nshiu mbikj;jdkhf;fy; r%fj;jpy; nry;thfF; r;nrYj;Jk; jd;ik, gyk;, tFg;Gf;fSfF; Vw;g NtWgly;. 26.  ghlrhiyapd; mfr;#oiyAk;> Gwr;#oiyAk; gw;wpa tpsff; j;jpidg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;sy;.  fy;tp eltbfi; ffspw;F rhjfkhdjhfg; gad;Lj;jy;.  tFg;giwapy; Kiwahd r%fj; njhlu;Gfisg; Ngzy;.  khztu;fspd; ngw;NwhUld; ey;Ywitg; Ngzy;.  gpur;rpid jPu;f;Fk; Mw;wiyg; ngwy;.  Kdk; hjpupahf elj;jy;.  khztdpd; r%fg; gpd;dzpia tpsq;fpfn; fhs;sy;. N.Manoranjithan (Lecturer,JNCoE) 92 18/JNCoE/MA/T/F/3730 J.Sinthuja

27.  FLk;gk>; ghlrhiyapy; ngwKbahj Rje;jpuj;ij ngw;Wf; nfhs;sf;$bajhf ,Uj;jy;.  xj;j tajpdu; xd;WNru tha;Gf;fs; nfhLjj; y;.  vjpu;ghyhUld; neUf;fkhd njhlu;Gfisg; Ngzf$; bajhftpUj;jy  xOq;F tpjpfspy; nefpo;rr; pj;jdi; k fhzg;gly;.(,sk;tajpdu; ,Wf;fkhd xOq;fikf;fg;gl;l rl;lq;fs; vd;w tiuaiwf;Fs; ,Uf;f tpUk;ghik.) 28.  FOr; nraw;ghLfspy; Mz;fs; ngz;fs; ,izeJ; nrayhw;w ,lkspj;jy;. (ghy; ujP pahd Ntw;Wik/ jaf;fkpd;wp ,ay;ghf NgRk; jpwid tsu;j;jy;.)  Mz; ngz; ,UtUf;Fk; rkkhd nghWg;Gf;fis toq;Fjy;.  ghlr;nraw;ghLfspD}lhf Mz;fSk; ngz;fSk; rkkhdtu;fs; vd;gij Vw;fr; nra;jy;.(Mz;> ngz; rkj;Jtj;ij cWjpg;gLj;jy;.)  Mz; ngz; gu];guk; kjpj;J Vw;Wf; nfhs;Sk; epiyikfis cUthf;Fjy;. 29.  gu];gu Gupe;Jzu;T  xj;Jiog;G  tpl;Lf;nfhLg;G  cjtpaspj;jy;.  Vw;Wf; nfhs;sy;  Nehff; j;ij ,yFthf milar; nra;jy;.($lL; Kaw;rp %yk; Fwpj;j Nehff; j;ij tpiuthfTk; jpUg;jpfukhfTk; milar; nra;jy;.) 30.  rfy gpui[fSf;Fk; ,yFthff; fpilff; f;$bathW nraw;ghLfisj; jpl;lkpl;Lr; nrayhw;Wjy;.  ehlb; d; njhiyJhu ,yf;Ffis eptu;j;jpnra;af;$bajhf ,Uj;jy;.  NtWgl;l gpuptpdupd; tpNrl NjitfisAk; fUj;jpw; nfhz;L nghJ ,yf;if milaf;$ba Ntiyj;jpl;lj;jpid ,dq;fhzYk; gad;gLj;JjYk;.  ehl;bd; nghJ ,yf;F> r%f > nghUshjhu mgptpUj;jpia ikakhff;nfhz;l fiyj;jpl;lj;ij mKy;gLj;jy;. N.Manoranjithan (Lecturer,JNCoE) 93 18/JNCoE/MA/T/F/3730 J.Sinthuja

tpdhj;jhs;- Ⅱ gFjp - Ⅰ 01. (i) 1) gpd;gw;WjYk; Nghyrn; ra;jYk;. 2) Nghjid nra;jy; 3) gupRk; jz;lidAk; 4) Kdk; hjpup; 5) mwpTiu $wy; (ii) rhjfkhd nry;thf;Ffs; : 1) Gjpa jfty;fis ngw;Wf; nfhs;sy;. 2) njhlu;ghliy tpupTgLj;jy;. 3) Xa;T Neuj;ij gpd;gw;Wjy;. 4) fhyjj; pw;Nfw;g jk;ik nkUFgLj;jy;. 5) gy;fyhrhu Kiwfis mwpjy;. 6) vkf;fhd Njitfis ehNk G+u;j;jp nra;af;$bajhapUj;jy;. 7) Gjpa njhopy;El;g mwpitg; ngw;Wf;nfhss; y;. ghjfkhd nry;thfF; fs; 1) Mspilj; njhlu;Gfspd; gyk; Jz;bf;fg;gly;.(r%fj; njhlu;Gfs; Fiwtiljy;) 2) r%fk; Vw;Wf; nfhs;shj elj;ijfSf;F ,lkspj;jy;. 3) nghUj;jkw;w r%fj; njhlu;G 4) Fw;wr; nray;fspy; <LgLjy;. 5) FLk;gj;jplkpUe;J JhutpyfpapUj;jy;. 6) Vkhw;Wr; nraw;ghl;bw;F css; hjy;.(Nghypahdij ek;gp VkhWjy;.) Neuk; tzP bf;fg;gly;. (iii) 1) gps;isfSld; fye;Jiuahb rhjf ghjf nry;thfF; fs; gw;wpa njspit tpopg;Gzu;it Vw;gLj;Jjy;. 2) rupahd Clfj;ij njupT nra;a cjTjy;. 3) Mf;fr; rpe;jid gilg;Gf;fs; tpUj;jpailaf;$ba nraw;ghLfspy; <LgLj;jy;. 4) rkNahrpjkhd mwpTld; nray;gl toptFj;jy;. 5) jw;fhy r%fg; Nghf;Ffs; gw;wpa njspthd tpsf;fj;ij toq;fy;. 6) cz;ikf;Fk;> Nghypf;Fk; ,ilayhd tpj;jpahrj;ij njspTgLj;jy; 7) ngw;NwhUf;F njhlu;ghly; Clfq;fs; gw;wpa tpopg;Gzu;it vLj;Jf$; wy;. ( khztu;fs; fw;wypd; NghJ Kw;WKOjhf fw;wy; nraw;ghLfspy; gq;Fgw;Wfpd;wduh my;yJ r%f tiyj;jsq;fisg; ghui; tapl;L ,Uf;fpd;wduh? Mtu;fs; vtt; hwhd tplaq;fisg; ghui; tapLfpd;wdu; vd;w tplaq;fspy; ngw;Nwhu; ftdkhapUj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.) N.Manoranjithan (Lecturer,JNCoE) 94 18/JNCoE/MA/T/F/3730 J.Sinthuja

02. (i) 1) Kjpatu;fis kjpj;jy; 2) tsq;fis ghJfhj;jy;. 3) rpwe;j gof;ftoff; q;fis gpd;gw;Wjy;. 4) xOf;f gz;Gs;s gpui[ahfr; nraw;gly;. 5) midj;J kjq;fspw;Fk; kjpg;gspj;jy;. 6) gpwUf;F cjTjy;. 7) VidNahuJ fUj;Jff; spw;F kjpg;gspj;jy;. 8) tpl;Lf; nfhLj;jy;> jiyikj;Jtg; gz;G 9) njhlu;ghlypd; NghJ ey;y nrhw;gpuNahfq;fisg; gadg; Lj;jy;. (ii) 1) nghUshjhu fhuzpfs; 2) murpay; fhuzpfs;. 3) G+NfhskakhjYk;> efukakhjYk;. 4) ,aw;if > Gtpapay; njhlu;ghd fhuzpfs; 5) tpQ;Qhd njhopEl;g tsu;r;rp 6) Fbg;ngau;Tk;> FbtuTk;. 7) jkJ Ntiyf;Nfw;g tho;f;if Kiwia tbtikj;jy;. (iii) 1) Mrpupaupd; Ngr;R eil cil ghtid %yk;. (Mrpupau; khztupw;F khj;jpuky;yhJ r%fj;jpw;FnkhU Kdk; hjpup Mthu;. mtupd; nraww;ghLfs; njhlu;r;rpahf fyhrhuj;jpw;F flL; g;gl;ljhf mikAk; re;ju;g;gj;jpy; khztUk; mjidg; gpd;gw;Wthu;fs;.,jd; %yk; Mrpupau; %yk; khztUf;F fyhrhu ngWkhdq;fs; tsu;ff; g;gLk;.) 2) gy;NtW gof;ftof;fq;fs; %yk;. 3) gy;NtW fiy fyhrhu epfo;Tfs; %yk;. 4) fyhrhuk; gw;wpa rupahd tpsf;fj;ij khztu;fSf;F toq;fy;. (fw;gpj;jypd; eLNt Mrpupau; fyhrhuk; vd;why; vd;d? mjDila gz;Gfs;> fyhrhug; gz;Gfs; kUtp tUtjw;fhd fhuzq;fs;> mJ epiyj;jpUg;gjw;F ehk; Nkw;nfhss; Ntz;ba nraw;ghLfs; gw;wpa tpsf;fj;ij khztUf;F toq;fy;) 5) etdP r%f khw;wq;fs; gw;wpa rupahd> jtwhd gpd;gw;Wjy;fisj; njspTgLj;jy;. (jw;Nghija r%f khw;wq;fs; $Ljyhf ntFrd Clfq;fspdhNyNa Vw;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd. mq;F fhz;gpf;fg;gLfpd;w jfty;fs; cz;ikj;jd;ik tha;e;jdth?> mjd; jhff; k; vk;ik vt;thW gpioahd ghijf;F ,l;Lr;nry;fpwJ> mJ vkJ fyhrhuj;ij ruP opg;gjpy; vd;d gq;F tfpf;fpd;wJ? Nghd;w tplaq;fis khztu;fspw;F njspTgLj;jy;.) N.Manoranjithan (Lecturer,JNCoE) 95 18/JNCoE/MA/T/F/3730 J.Sinthuja

03. (i) 1) Mrpupau; FOf;fs;. 2) khztu; FOf;fs;. 3) Mrpupa khztu; FOf;fs;. 4) Mrpupau; mjpgu; FOf;fs;. 5) Mrpupau; mjpgu; Kfhikahsu; FO (ii) rhjfkhd nry;thf;Ffs; : 1) tpidj;jpwd; mjpfupj;jy;. 2) epWtdk; tpUj;jpailjy;. 3) jpl;lq;fis eilKiwg;gLj;jf;$bajhf ,Uj;jy;. 4) jdpahs; Kd;Ndw;wk; kw;Wk; epWtd KdN; dw;wk;. 5) ghlrhiy mgptpUj;jpia Nehff; pr; nry;yy;. 6) Neu Kfhikj;Jtk; rpwej; Kiwapy; Ngzg;gly;. 7) Fwpj;j Neuj;Js; gy nraw;ghLfs; G+uzg;gLj;j;jg;gly;. ghjfkhd nry;thff; fs;: 1) nraw;ghLfs; jilg;gly;. 2) nrhj;Jff; spw;F Nrjk; tpistpj;jy;. 3) epWtdj;jpd; ,yf;fpid miltjpy; jil Vw;gLk;. 4) epu;thfj;jpw;F vjpuhf jpl;lq;fs; nraw;gLj;jg;gly;. 5) gpur;rpidfis Vw;gLj;Jjy;. (iii) 1) nghWg;Gf;fis ifaspj;jy;.(midj;J khztu;fspw;Fk; xtn; thU nghWg;Gfisf; ifaspf;Fk; NghJ mq;F jtwhd Gupjy;fs; Vw;gl tha;g;G ,Uf;fhJ. MfNt Kiwrhuh FOf;fs; cUthFk; tha;g;G Fiwf;fg;gLk;.) 2) fyeJ; iuahly;. (tFg;ghrpupau; khztu;fspd; ngUk;ghyhd Fiwfis mwpe;jpUg;ghu.; khztu;fSld; fye;JiuahLtjd; %ykhf mf;Fiwfis eptu;j;jp nra;tjw;fhd topfisf; $wpNah my;yJ mf;Fiw Vw;gl;ljw;fhd Nghjpa tpsf;fq;fis toq;Fjy; .kw;Wk; khztu;fs; ghlrhiy my;yJ ghlrhiy r%fk; rhu;ghd jtwhd Gupjy;fisf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; re;ju;g;gj;jpy; mjd; cz;ikj; jd;ikia vLj;Jf$; wy;.) 3) rupahd nghUj;jkhd fUj;Jff; Sf;F kjpg;gspj;jy;. 4) $l;Lr; nraw;ghLfspy; <LgLj;jy;. 5) nghJ ey kdg;ghq;Fld; nraw;gl topg;gLj;jy;. 6) NeuKfhikj;Jtj;ij gpd;gw;w topg;gLj;jy;. (ghlrhiyapy; ,aq;Fk; FOf;fs; Kiwrhu; FOf;fs;> Kiwapy; FOf;fs; vd ,U tifg;gLk;.) N.Manoranjithan (Lecturer,JNCoE) 96 18/JNCoE/MA/T/F/3730 J.Sinthuja

04. (i) 1) ,dq;fs; NtWgLjy;. 2) kjq;fs; NtWgLjy;. 3) nkhop. 4) cg fyhrhu eilKiwfs;. 5) tho;f;if Kiw khWgLjy;. 6) Ngr;R> eil> cil> ghtiz NtWgly;. (ii) 1) rfy ,dq;fspdJk; ,d>kj cupikfs; kjpf;fg;gly;. 2) rfy ,dq;fspdJk; nkhop ghJfhf;fg;gly;. 3) ,dq;fSf;fpilapyhd ek;gpfi; f> cwT Nkk;gLj;jy;. 4) rk tha;g;Gf;fs; toq;fy;. 5) Kuz;ghLfisf; Fiwj;jy;. 6) midj;J ,dj;jtUk;> VidNahuJ fyhrhuq;fs; gw;wp mwpe;Jnfhs;sYk;> kjpg;gspj;jYk;. (iii) 1) ehl;by; thOk; gy;NtW ,df;FOf;fs;. 2) mtu;fsJ cg fyhrhuq;fs;. 3) ghlE}y;> Mrpupau; Nghd;w tplaq;fs;. 4) ghltpjhdq;fspy; xU ,dk; gw;wpa tuyhw;Wf;F Kuz;gl;l jfty;fisntspaplhJ ,Uj;jy;. 5) ,d>kj ujP pahd fhy;g;Gzu;rr; pahd fUj;Jff; isj; jtpu;j;jy;. 6) ve;jnthU ,dj;jpdJk; kjj;jpdJk; fyhrhu tpOkpaq;fSf;F kjpg;gspj;jy;. 05. (i) r%fk; Vw;Wf; nfhs;shj gps;isfspd; tajpw;Fg; nghUj;jkw;w clypay;, cs ghjpg;Gf;fis Vw;gLj;jf;$ba ghypay; rhu;e;j njhLif, ftdpahik,xJf;Fjy; Nghd;w nraw;ghLfspy; xd;W my;yJ mjw;F Nkw;gl;l fhuzq;fspdhy; rpWtu;fs; cly; cs uPjpahfg; ghjpf;fg;gly;. N.Manoranjithan (Lecturer,JNCoE) 97 18/JNCoE/MA/T/F/3730 J.Sinthuja

(ii) re;ju;g;gq;fs; : 1) tlP ;by; jdpikapypUj;jy;. 2) nghJ ,lq;fspy;. 3) mfjp Kfhk;fspy;. 4) jq;Fkplq;fs;(tpLjpfs); 5) Ntiyj;jsq;fs; 6) fy;tp epiyaq;fspy;. 7) gfpbtijfspd; NghJ. 8) rpWtu; guhkupg;G epiyaq;fspy; egu;fs; : 1) taJ Kjpu;e;Njhu; 2) maytu;fs.; 3) Nghijg;nghUs; cgNahfpg;Nghu.; 4) cwtpdu;fs;. 5) kJg;ghtizf;F css; hdtu;fs;. 6) Kjyhspfs.; 7) rpWtu; guhkupg;Gepiya cj;jpNahfj;ju; (iii) 1) ghl tpjhdq;fspD}lhff; fye;Jiuahly;. 2) Jz;Lg;gpuRuq;fs;> Rtnuhl;bfs; %yk;. 3) tjP p ehlfq;fspD}lhf 4) rpWtu; cupikfs; gw;wpa fUj;juq;Ffis elhj;Jjy;. 5) fz;fhlr; pfspDhL (fz;fhl;rpfis elhj;Jk; NghJ rpWtu;J\\;gpuNahfq;fs; vd;w fUg;nghUis ikakhff; nfhz;L elhj;Jk; NghJ khztu;fs; rpWtu; J\\;gpuNahfk; gw;wpa Nghjpa tpsf;fq;fis ,yFtpy; ngwf;$bajhftpUf;Fk;.) 6) Mrpupau; rpWtu;J\\;gpuNahfk; njhlu;ghd Nghjpa tpsf;fq;fis khztu;fspw;F toq;fy;. (Mrpupau; rpWtu; J\\;gpuNahfk; vd;why; vd;d? rpWtu; J\\;gpuNahfj;ij Nkw;nfhsS; k; egu;fs; ahu?; > mjpypUe;J ehk; JhutpyfpapUf;f vtt; hW nraw;gl Ntz;Lk;? rupahd njhLif> jtwhd njhLif Nghd;w Nghjpa tpsf;fq;fis khztu;fspw;F toq;fy;.) 7) ngw;Nwhu;fspw;F ghlrhiy rhu;ghf gps;isfspd; nraw;ghLfs; njhlu;ghd ftdj;ij mtjhdpj;J mwpTiutoq;frn; ra;jy;. (gps;isfs; J\\;gpuNahfk; njhlu;ghd rupahd tpsf;fk; fpilff; g;ngwhikahy; mr; nraw;ghl;bw;F cs;shfpNah my;yJ J\\;gpuNahfq;fs; Vw;gLtjw;F Jhz;bahf mike;j fhuzpfisj; jk;kpilNa nfhz;bUf;fyhk;. khztu;fspd; elj;ijapy; ngw;Nwhu;fs; njhlu;r;rpahd mtjhdj;ij Nkw;nfhz;L rpWtu; J\\;gpuNahfj;jpypUe;J gps;isfisf; fhf;f Ntz;ban raw;ghLfis Nkw;nfhss; Ntz;Lk;. ,J njhlu;ghd tpopg;Gzu;it ngw;Nwhupw;F ghlrhiy r%fk; Nkw;nfhss; Ntz;Lk;.) N.Manoranjithan (Lecturer,JNCoE) 98 18/JNCoE/MA/T/F/3730 J.Sinthuja

06. (i) r%fkhdJ fhyj;jpw;F fhyk; khw;wkile;J tUjy; r%fj;jpd; khWe;jdi; k vdg;gLk;. mjhtJ r%fj;jtupd; nkhop> gof;ftof;fq;fs;> cil> tho;f;ifKiw Nghd;wd fhyj;jpw;F fhyk; khw;wkilAk; nrad;Kiw MFk;. mjhtJ xU r%fj;jpy; $Wfshf cs;s murpay;> fy;tp> nghUshjhu> tpq;qhd> njhopy;El;gk; Nghd;wtw;wpy; VjhtJ xd;wpNyh my;yJ gytw;wpNyh Vw;gLk; mk; KO r%fj;jpYk; mbg;gilahd xU khw;wj;ij Vw;gLj;Jkhapd; mJ r%fkakhff; y; vdg;gLk;. (ii) 1) fy;tpapD}lhf r%f khw;wk; vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLfpd;wJ. ,j;jifa khw;wk; KOikahf Vw;gLfpd;w NghJ fy;tpapYk; khw;wk; Vw;gl Ntz;Lk.; 2) eilKiwapy; fhzg;gLk; mwpT khw;wkiljy;. 3) Gjpa njhopEl;gq;fs; mwpKfk; nra;jy;. 4) njhopy; Jiwapy; Vw;gLk; khw;wq;fs;. 5) etdP khw;wq;fSf;F Vw;g vk;ik jahug; Lj;j. 6) Gjpa njhopEl;gq;fisj; jpUj;jkhf ifahs;tjw;F. (iii) 1) vjpu;fhy khw;wq;fis cst; hq;fpr; nraw;glf;$batuhftpUj;jy;. Ma;thsuhfr; nraw;gly;. 2) Gj;jhff; k; nra;gtuhff; fhzg;gly;. 3) njhopEl;g rhjdq;fisf; ifahSk; jpwd; ngw;wpUj;jy;. 4) khw;wq;fspw;F Vw;g jd;id khw;wpaikf;ff;$batuhapUj;jy;. 5) etdP rhjdq;fs; njhlu;ghd g+uz mwpitf; nfhz;bUj;jy;. (etdP fw;gpj;jypy; njhopy;El;g rhjdq;fs; fw;gpj;jypy; Kf;fpa ,lk; tfpf;fpd;wJ. Mrpupauhdtu; mJ njhlu;ghd Nghjpa mwpitg; ngw;wpUj;jy; mtrpakhdjhFk;. khztu;fspw;F gy;NtW tpjkhd KiwfspDhL ,k; Kiw %yk; fw;gpff; yhk;.mj;Jld; ,J xU kfpo;rr; pfukhd fw;gpj;jyhfTk; mikAk;. 07. (i) ,dk; ujP pahf khztu;fs; NtWgl;bUj;jy;. kjk; ujP pahf khztu;fs; NtWgl;bUj;jy;. ntt;Ntwhd r%ftFg;G/tu;f;fk; fpuhk> efu uPjpahf NtWgl;bUj;jy;. (ii) 1) re;Njfk;. 2) Gwf;fzpg;G 3) tpuf;jp 4) kjpg;gspfF; k; Fzkpd;ik 5) cjhrdP k; 6) Raeyg; Nghf;F 7) Kuz;ghlhd Ngr;R 8) xUtUf;nfhUtu; jhfF; jypy; <Lgly; N.Manoranjithan (Lecturer,JNCoE) 99 18/JNCoE/MA/T/F/3730 J.Sinthuja

(iii) 1) nghWg;Gf;fis rkkhf gfpue; ;jspj;jy;. ( tFg;gpYs;s midj;J khztu;fSk; nraw;ghLfspw;F clg; Lj;jg;gLk; tifapy; ; nghWg;Gf;fis ifaspj;jy;. ) 2) ghlrhiyapy; eilngWfpd;w rka tpohff; spy; midj;J khztu;fisAk; <LgLj;Jjy;. ( ghlrhiyapy; eilngWfpd;w ntt;NtW kjq;fs; rhu;ghd nraw;ghLfspd; NghJk; vy;yh khztu;fSk; kjNtWghbd;wp fyeJ; nfhs;s re;ju;g;gk; toq;fy;.) 3) xtn; thU r%fk;> fyhrhuq;fs; gw;wpa mwpit midj;J khztUk; ngWk; Kfkhf Nghlb; epfo;rr; pfis elhj;jp guprpy;fs; toq;Fjy; ( Nghlb; epfo;rr; pfspd; NghJ gy;fyhrhu r%fk; njhlu;ghd tpdhff; is tpdhTtjd; %yk; midj;J khztu;fSk; NtWgl;l fyhrhuk; njhlu;ghd Gjpa tplaq;fis mwpaf;$bajhf re;ju;g;gk; Vw;gLj;jpf; nfhLj;jy;.) 08. (i) xj;jtajpdu; FOthf ,izeJ; jkJ ,yf;fpid milAk; Kfkhf jkf;Fs; xd;wpizeJ; fw;wy; nraw;ghLfspy; <LgLjy;. (ii) 1) xw;WikAld; nrayhw;Wjy;. 2) fUj;Jg; gupkhw;wk;. 3) VidNahupd; fUj;JfF; kjpg;gspj;jy;. 4) ntspg;gilahf jpwe;j kdJld; nrayhw;Wjy;. 5) xw;Wik 6) nghJeyg; gz;G 7) mLj;jtupd; fUj;JfF; kjpg;gspj;jy;. 8) jdJ fUj;Jff; is tpsf;fj;Jld; Kd;itfF; khw;wy;. (iii) 1) 5E Kiwapy; Njly;, tpsf;fkspj;jy; re;ju;g;gq;fspy; r%fj; jpwid tsu;fF; k; tpjk;. 2) Nehff; j;ij mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l ghlj;jpl;lkplypy; ghlj;ij tpUj;jp nra;jy;. gyKiwfs; tpUj;jp nra;jy;. N.Manoranjithan (Lecturer,JNCoE) 100 18/JNCoE/MA/T/F/3730 J.Sinthuja

fw;gpj;jypy; Njrpa bg;Nshkh ,Wjpg; guPl;ir - 2012 (2013) (02) fy;tp r%ftpay; - tpdhj;jhs; Ⅰ  1 njhlff; k; 10 tiuahd tpdhff; spy; jug;gl;Ls;s xtn; thU $w;wpdJk; ,ilntspf;F kpfg; nghUj;jkhd nrhy;iy /nrhw;fis ,l;Lg; G+uzg;gLj;Jf. 1. xU gps;is r%fkakhFk; NghJ kdntOr;rp mgptpUj;jp njhlu;ghf ghlrhiyapYk; $Ljyhf …………………….Clhfg; ngWk; nry;thfF; typikahdJ. 2. FLk;gj;ij ikakhff;nfhz;l FWfpa ghu;itf; Nfhzj;jpy; ,Ue;J tpyfp tpupthd r%f ghu;itf; Nfhzj;jpy;r%fj;ij NehfF; tjw;F …………………….egUf;F topfhl;LfpwJ. 3. tFg;giwapYs;s r%fj;jhuiffs; kw;Wk; r%f jdpg;gll; tu;fs; my;yJ xJq;fpapUg;gtu;fis ,dq;fhz Xu; Mrpupaupdhy; gad;gLj;jf;$ba r%f …………………………. KiwahFk;. 4. ghlrhiynahd;wpd; epUthf fll; ikg;ig vt;tsT ed;whf xOq;fikj;j NghjpYk; mjidr; nraw;gLj;Jk; fl;lj;jpy; ghlrhiy r%fj;JlDk; …………………………. ,zf;fkhd njhlu;Gfs; Ngzg;glhjpUg;gpd; ahTk; Njhy;tpailAk;. 5. fyhrhunkhd;wpDs; rpy fyhrhu mk;rq;fs; khwhJ epyTjy; fyhrhu …………………….. vd khdpltpay; tpQQ; hdpfs; mwpKfg;gLj;Jfpd;wdu;. 6. tFg;giwnahd;wpd; ,ilj;njhlu;GfSf;Fk;> fUj;Jg; gupkhwy;fSf;Fk; than; khop %yj;ijg; Nghd;Nw ……………………….. njhlu;ghly; KiwfSk; kpf Kf;fpakhdjhFk;. 7. xU ehl;bd; r%f khw;wq;fSf;Nfw;g Kiwrhu; fy;tp khw;wkilaNtz;ba tpjj;ij gpujpgypf;Fk; re;ju;g;gk; ……………………………. ruP ;jpUj;jq;fshFk;. 8. xU ehl;bd; fyhrhuq;fs; rpy cs;s NghJ me;ehl;bDs; nraw;glNtz;baJ ……………………………….. MFk;. 9. Kiwrhu; kw;Wk; ……………………………. FOkq;fs; gps;isfspd; fy;tp kPJ Neuhd Kiwapy; Nghd;Nw vjpu;kiwahd KiwapYk; nry;thfF; r; nrYj;j KbAk;. 10. r%ff;FOnthd;wplKs;s nghUshjhu rf;jpapd; mbg;gilapy; xU r%fj;jpd; egu;fisg; gpupg;gJ ……………………………… %ykhFk;. (01 × 10 = 10Gs;spfs;) N.Manoranjithan (Lecturer,JNCoE) 84 18/JNCoE/MA/T/F/3730 J.Sinthuja

 11 njhlf;fk; 20 tiuahd xt;nthU tpdhTf;Fk; cupa rupahd tpiliaf; Fwpj;J epw;Fk; ,yf;fj;ij vjpNuAs;s milg;Gf;Fwpf;Fs; vOJf. 11. ghlrhiyapy; nraw;gLj;jg;gLfpd;w vy;yhf; fw;wy; mDgtq;fisAk; cs;slf;Fk; fiyj;jpl;lk; vd miof;fg;gLfpd;wJ. 1) Kiwrhu; kw;Wk; Kiwrhuh fiyj;jpl;lj;jpy; mlq;Fk; mDgtq;fisAk;. 2) Kiwrhu; kw;Wk; kiw fiyj;jpl;lj;jpy; mlq;Fk; vy;yh mDgtq;fisAk;. 3) Kiwrhu; fiyj;jpl;lj;jpw;F Nkyjpfkhf cyfpd; gy;NtW jfty;fs; gw;wpa mDgtq;fSk;. 4) Kiwrhu;>Kiwrhuh Kiwapy; fiyj;jpl;lq;fspy; mlq;Fk; vy;yh mDgtq;fSk;. (……………) 12. r%fnkhd;wpy; mq;fj;Jtk; ngw;Ws;s vy;yh mq;fj;jtuf; spdJk; tpOkpaq;fs; mwnewpfs; kdg;ghq;Ffs; nkhop Mil mzpfs; ve;j Xu; mk;rj;jpYk; my;yJ mit ahtw;wpYk; Vw;gl;Ls;s khw;wq;fis miog;gJ. 1) ehl;bd; fyhrhu khw;wnkhd;nwd. 2) r%f gilaikg;gpd; khw;wnkhd;nwd. 3) r%f tFg;G mbg;gilapyhd ,ay;gpd; khw;wnkhd;nwd. 4) ehl;bd; r%f mwnewpfs; khw;wnkhd;nwd. (……………) 13. xU ehl;bd; nghJthd fyhrhuj;jpDs; tho;e;jthW jkf;Nf rpwg;ghd NtW tifapyhd tho;f;iff; Nfhyj;Jld; $ba kf;fs; gpuptpdiu r%ftpay; ujP pahf 1) r%f tFg;ngd miof;fg;gLk;. 2) ,ilg;guk;giu mirTvdmiof;fg;gLk;. 3) Jizf;fyhrhunkd miof;fg;gLk;. 4) gy;fyhrhuk; vd miof;fg;gLk;. (……………) 14. xU gps;is r%fkakhd tsu;e;Njhuhtjw;F kpf typikahfr; nraw;gLk; Muk;g r%fkakhff; y; fhuzpahtJ 1) FLk;gk;> ghlrhiy> rpW tpisahl;Lf;FOf;fs; 2) FLk;gk;> el;Gf;FOf;fs;> rpWtpisahl;Lf;FOf;fs; 3) FLk;gk;> ghlrhiy> el;Gf;FOf;fs; 4) FLk;gk;> njhiyf;fhl;rp> el;Gf;FOf;fs; (……………) 15. Kiwrhu; ghlrhiyapd; mz;kpa r%fkhf miof;fg;gLtJ. (……………) 1) khztu;fs;> ngw;Nwhu;fs;> gioakhztu;fs; 2) khztu;fs;> Mrpupau;fs;> mjpgu; 3) khztu;fs;> ngw;Nwhu;fs;> eyd;tpUk;gpfs; 4) khztu;fs;> mjpgu;> ngw;Nwhu;fs;. 16. ghlrhiyf;Fk; r%fj;jpw;Fk; ,ilapyhd njhlu;gpd; NghJ r%fj;ijg; ghlrhiyf;F nfhz;LtUtjw;fhf gadg; Lj;jf;$ba kpfTk; nghUj;jkhd xU nraw;ghL 1) r%fj;jpd; mgptpUj;jpf;fhf ghlrhiyapd; tsq;fis toq;FtjhFk;. 2) r%fj;jpYs;s gy;NtW mwpTfs;> jpwd;fs;> tsq;fs; Mfpatw;iw ghlrhiyf;F toq;Fk; Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fis nraw;gLj;jyhFk;. 3) r%fj;jpw;fhfg; ghLgl Ntz;Lnkd khztu;fSf;F fw;gpg;gjhFk;. 4) ghlrhiyapd; mgptpUj;jpf;fhd jdJ nghWg;igg; gw;wp r%fj;jpw;F mwpTWj;JtjhFk;. N.Manoranjithan (Lecturer,JNCoE) 85 18/JNCoE/MA/T/F/3730 J.Sinthuja

(……………) 17.“ fy;tp Kiwikapd; %yk; vk;khy; jahu;g;gLj;j Ntz;baJ ehk; mwpahj Xu; cyfpw;F egu;fis nghUj;jg;ghlilar; nra;jyhFk;.“ ,f;$w;wpd; fUj;jhtJ. 1) fy;tpapd; %yk; ,Jtiu fz;lwpahj mfpyj;ij Njbaha;tjw;F gps;isia jahug; ;gLj;j Ntz;Lk; vd;gjhFk;. 2) fy;tpapd; %yk; mwpahj cyifg; gw;wp gps;isf;F nrhy;ypf;nfhLg;gjhFk;. 3) fy;tpapd; %yk; vjpu;fhycyfpw;Fg; nghUj;jkhd egu;fis cUthf;FtjhFk;. 4) fy;tpapd; %yk; NtW cyfq;fspy; tho;tjw;F egu;fis topg;gLj;JjyhFk;. (……………) 18.gapw;rpngWk; gapYdu; Mrpupau; xUtupdhy; nraw;gLj;jg;gl;l gpd;tUk; nraw;wpll; q;fSs; ghlrhiyr; nraw;wpll; khdJ. 1) khztupd; ngw;Nwhupw;F khztu; Kd;Ndw;w mwpf;ifia thue;NjhWk; mDg;Gtjw;F Gjpa khjpupg; gbtnkhd;iwj; jahupg;gjhFk;. 2) ghlrhiyf;F vjpupYs;s gpujhd ghijapy; khztu;fs; ghijiaf; flg;gjw;F kQ;Ql;Nfhl;il tiutjhFk;. 3) tFg;giwapy;khztu;fspd; Mf;fq;fisf; fhl;rpg;gLj;j fhl;rpg;gyifnahd;iw mikg;gjhFk;. 4) ngw;Nwhupd; xj;jhirAld; ghlrhiyapy; FbePu; toq;Fk; Kiwnahd;iwr; nraw;gLj;JtjhFk;. (……………) 19.khdpl epyTifapd; vy;yh mk;rq;fspd; kPJk; nry;thfF; r; nrYj;Jk; cyfkakhjy; %yk; Vw;gLj;jg;gLfpd;w gykhd mD$ykhtJ> 1) ehl;bd; fy;tp mgptpUj;jp Jupjkiljy;. 2) mgptpUj;jpaile;j ehLfSf;F mjpfsthd tsq;fis EfuKbjy;. 3) ntspehl;L cjtpapd; %yk; khj;jpuk; fy;tp mgptpUj;jpia vjpu;ghu;g;gjhFk;. 4) rkepiyaw;w fw;Nwhupd; ntspNaw;wj;jpw;F topNfhYjy;. (……………) 20.r%fkakhff; y; vd;gJ egiu jdJ Rw;whlypd; r%fr; #oypw;F Vw;wthW tbtikg;gjhFk;. ,f;$w;iw ntspap;ll; tu;. 1) fhu;s;khuf; ;]; 2) N`gu;l; ];ngd;ru; 3) mf;]up nfhkpb 4) vkpy; Nlu;i`k; (……………) (01 × 10 = 10Gs;spfs;) N.Manoranjithan (Lecturer,JNCoE) 86 18/JNCoE/MA/T/F/3730 J.Sinthuja

 21 njhlf;fk; 30 tiuahd tpdhf;fSf;Fr; RUf;fkhd tpil jUf. 21. r%fkakhfF; k; nraw;ghL edT epiyiag; Nghd;Nw edtyp epiyiaf; nfhz;lJ. ,t;tpuz;L epiyfisAk; tpsfF; f. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 22. epiyf;Fj;J r%f mirT fhuzkhf egupd; r%f epiyapy; Vw;glf;$ba gpujhd khw;wq;fs; ,uz;il vOJf. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 23. Nghyrn; ra;Ak; khjpupnahd;whf nraw;gLk; Mrpupau; jkJ tFg;giw khztu;fis r%fkakhff; g; gadg; Lj;jf;$ba ,uz;L fUtpfis Fwpg;gpLf. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 24. gy;fyhrhuf; fy;tp Kiwiknahd;W nraw;glhikahy; gy;tif r%fnkhd;wpy; Vw;glf;$ba r%fg;gpur;rpidfs; ,uz;ilg; ngaupLf. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 25. xNu tifia my;yJ Njrpaj;ijf; nfhz;l r%fnkhd;wpYk; r%fg; gilahf;fj;jpd; %yk; egu;fs; NtWgLj;jYf;F cl;gLj;jg;gLthu;.Nkw;Fwpj;j NtWgLj;jy; gpujpgypff; pd;w ,uz;L re;ju;g;gq;fisf; Fwpg;gpLf. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 26. GJKf Mrpupau; xUtu; jdJ Kjy; epakd ghlrhiyapy; fy;tpr;r%ftpay; ghlj;ijf; fw;wjd; %yk; jhd; ngw;w mDgtj;ij gadg; Lj;jf;$ba ,uz;L re;ju;g;gq;fis vLj;Jff; hl;Lf. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 27. ghlrhiyapy; fw;wy; vjpu;ghu;g;Gff; s; epiwNtwhik vd;w fhuzj;ijj; jtpu ,sk;taJ khztu; jdpahu; tFg;Gf;fspw;F nry;tjpy; nry;thfF; nrYj;jpAs;s ,uz;L fhuzq;fis Kdi; tfF; f. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 28. Mz; ngz; r%f epiyf;F ,iaghf nraw;gLk; jpwd; khztUs; tsu;ff; ghlg;nghWg;ghrpupau; xUtupdhy; gad;gLj;jf;$ba eilKiwfs; ,uz;il Kd;nkhopf. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… N.Manoranjithan (Lecturer,JNCoE) 87 18/JNCoE/MA/T/F/3730 J.Sinthuja

29. FOf;fw;wy; %yk; khztuplk; tsu;f;ff$; ba Kf;fpa r%fj;jpwd;fs; ,uz;ilf; Fwpg;gpLf. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 30. Njrpa fy;tpf; nfhs;ifnahd;iwj; jahupg;gjd; %yk; ve;j xU ehLk; epiwNtw;wpf;nfhss; vjpu;ghu;f;Fk; r%f vjpu;ghu;g;Gfs; ,uz;ilf; Fwpg;gpLf. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… (02 × 10 = 20Gs;spfs;) N.Manoranjithan (Lecturer,JNCoE) 88 18/JNCoE/MA/T/F/3730 J.Sinthuja

(02) fyt; pr; r%ftpay; - tpdhj;jhs; Ⅱ  xt;nthU gFjpapypUe;Jk; Fiwe;jgl;rk; ,U tpdhff; NsapDk; njupe;njLj;J Ie;J tpdhff; Sf;F tpil vOJf.  xt;nthU tpdhtpdJk; (i),(ii),(iii) Mfpa gFjpfspd; rupahd tpilfSf;F KiwNa 02,04,06 vd;wthW Gs;spfs; toq;fg;gLk;. gFjp Ⅰ 1) egnuhUtu; rKjhaj;jpy; nraYhff; Ks;s eguhf khWtJ r%fkakhfF; k; nraypDhlhfthFk;. i) egu; xUtu; jdJ r%f elj;ijfisg; ngw;Wf;nfhsS; k; gpujhd Kiwfs; ,uz;ilf; Fwpg;gpLf. ii) njhlu;ghly; Clfq;fs; egiu r%fkakhf;Fk; nraw;ghl;by; Vw;gLj;Jk; rhjfkhdJk;> ghjfkhdJkhd nry;thf;Ffs; ,uz;L tPjk; Fwpg;gpLf. iii) njhlu;ghly; Clfq;fs; %yk; Vw;gLj;Jfpd;w ghjfkhd nry;thfF; fis ,optsthff; tFg;ghrpupau; vd;wtifapy; ePu; gad;gLj;Jk; Kiwfs; %d;iw cjhuzq;fSld; tpsf;Ff. 2) fyhrhuj;ij ,sk;guk;giuapdUf;F ifaspj;jypd; NghJ ghlrhiyf; fiyj;jpl;lj;jpw;F Kf;fpa ,lk; cupj;jhfpd;wJ. i) ghlrhiyf; fiyj;jpl;lj;jpDhlhf khztUf;F toq;ff;$ba fyhrhug; ngWkhdq;fs; ehd;iff; Fwpg;gpLf. ii) ve;j xU r%fj;jpdJk; fyhrhu khw;wq;fspd; kPJ nry;thfF; nrYj;jf;$ba ehd;F fhuzpfisf; Fwpg;gpLf. iii) Kiwapy;(mwnewp) fiyj;jpl;lj;jpDhlhf fyhrhug; ngWkhdq;fisf; ifaspf;ff;$ba %d;W re;ju;g;gq;fis cjhuzq;fisj;jeJ; tpsf;Ff. 3) ghlrhiy xU Kiwrhuh xOq;fikg;ghapDk; mjpYs;s Kiwrhuhf; FOf;fspd; nry;thf;F gykhdJ. i) ghlrhiyapYs;s Kiwrhuh xOq;fikg;Gfs; ,uz;ilg; ngaupLf. ii) ghlrhiynahd;wpy; Kiwrhuh r%fq;fspdhy; Vw;gLj;jg;gLk; rhjf ghjfkhd nry;thfF; fs; ,t;tpuz;L tjP k; Fwpg;gpLf. iii) Nkw;Fwpg;gpl;l ghjfkhd tpisTfis ,optsthff; tFg;ghrpupau; vd;w ujP papy; cq;fspdhy; nraw;gLj;jf;$ba %d;W eilKiwfis cjhuzq;fSld; tpsf;Ff. 4) gy;ypd r%fnkhd;wpy; gu];gu nfsutj;ijAk; el;igAk; tsu;g;gjw;fhf Njrpa fy;tpf;nfhs;ifnahd;iw nraw;gLj;JtJ kpf mtrpakhdjhFk;. i) r%fnkhd;wpy; gy;tifik Vw;gLtijg; gpujpgypfF; k; ,ay;Gfs; ,uz;ilf; Fwpg;gpLf. ii) gy;ypd r%fnkhd;wpy; Njrpa fy;tpf; nfhs;ifnahd;W ,Uj;jy; Kf;fpakhf miktJ vd;d fhuzq;fspdhy; vd tpsf;f ehd;F tplaq;fisj; jUf. iii) ,yq;ifapy; Njrpa fy;tpf; nfhs;ifnahd;iwj; jahupf;Fk; NghJ ftdj;jpw;nfhss; Ntz;ba tplaq;fs; %di; w cjhuzq;fSld; tpsfF; f. N.Manoranjithan (Lecturer,JNCoE) 89 18/JNCoE/MA/T/F/3730 J.Sinthuja

gFjp Ⅱ 5) rpWtu; J\\;gpuNahfkhdJ ehl;by; gps;isfspd; ghJfhg;igg; Nghd;Nw mtu;fsJ tho;f;ifia elhj;Jtjw;Fk; ngUk; mr;RWj;jyhf miktJ. i) rpWtu; J\\;gpuNahfk; vd;gij tpsf;Ff. ii) rpWtu; J\\;gpuNahfj;jpw;F Mshff;$ba re;ju;g;gq;fisAk;mjpy; nry;thfF; nrYj;jf;$ba egu;fs; ahu; vd;gijAk; ,uz;L cjhuzq;fs; je;J tpsf;Ff. iii) rpWtu; J\\;gpuNahfj;jpw;F Mshtij ,optsthf;f tFg;ghrpupau; vd;w tifapy; ePq;fs; gad;gLj;JK; Kiwfs; %d;iw cjhuzq;fSld; tpsfF; f. 6) r%f khw;wq;fs; fy;tpapDhlhfg; gpujpgypf;fg;gLjy; kpff; fl;lhakhdjhFk;. i) r%fj;jpd; khWe;jd;ik vd;gijr; RUf;fkhf tpsf;Ff. ii) r%fkhw;wq;fspd; NghJ ehl;bd; fy;tpAk; khw;wkiljy; mtrpak; vd;gjw;F ehd;F fhuzq;fis Kdi; tfF; f. iii) jw;fhyj;jpdJk;> vjpu;fhyj;jpdJk; khw;wq;fspw;F Vw;g Mrpupa tfpghfk; khw;wkila Ntz;ba tpjj;ij %d;W cjhuzq;fSld; tpsfF; f. 7) “rKjha gy;tifikf;F kjpg;gspj;jy; njhlu;ghd jpwd;fisg; gapw;Wtpj;jy; Muk;gpff; g;glNtz;baJ tFg;giwapDhlhfthFk;.” i) tFg;giwapy; rKjhag;gy;tifik fhzg;gLfpd;wnjd;gij cWjpg;gLj;jf;$ba fhuzq;fs; ,uz;ilg; ngaupLf. ii) rKjhag; gy;tifikf;F kjpg;gspf;Fk; jpwd;fspy; Nju;r;rpailar; nra;ahikahy; rKjhaj;jpy; fhzg;gLfpd;w gpur;rpidfs; ,uz;il Kd;itff; . iii) rKjhag; gy;tifikf;F kjpg;gspf;Fk; jpwd;fis khztuplk; Vw;gLj;j tFg;ghrpupau; vd;w tifapy; eqP ;fs; gadg; Lj;Jk; Kiwfs; %d;iw cjhuzq;fSld; tpsf;Ff. 8) khztuplk; r%fj;njhlu;Gfis tsu;g;gjw;fhf rfghbfs; fw;wy; Kiw kpfTk; gaDs;sJ. i) rfghbfs; fw;wy; Kiw vd;gij RUf;fkhf tpsf;Ff. ii) rfghbfs; fw;wy;Kiwiag; gad;gLj;Jtjdhy; khztuplk; tsu;f;ff;$ba r%fj;jpwd;fs; ehd;if Kdi; tff; . iii) ghlj;ijj; jpl;lkpLk; NghJ nraw;ghl;il mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l 5E khjpupAU my;yJ Nehff; j;ij mbg;gilahff;nfhz;l khjpupAU Mfpa ,uz;by; xd;iwj; Nju;e;njLj;J NkNy Fwpg;gpl;l r%fj;jpwd;fs; ,uz;il tsuf; ;Fk; tpjj;ij cjhuzq;fspd; JizAld; tpsfF; f. N.Manoranjithan (Lecturer,JNCoE) 90 18/JNCoE/MA/T/F/3730 J.Sinthuja

tpilfs; tpdhj;jhs; -Ⅰ 1. FLk;gk; 2. rktaJf;FO 3. r%fkakhd Nrhjid 4. gu];gu 5. Njff; k; 6. irif/cly; 7. fy;tp/fiyj;jpl;lk; 8. fy;tp Kiwik 9. Kiwrhuh 10. tu;f;fk;/tFg;G 11. 04 12. 01 13. 03 14. 02 15. 01 16. 02 17. 03 18. 02 19. 01 20. 04 21.  edT epiy : jdpahs;, FOf;fs; Mfpatw;Wld; njhlu;G nfhs;tjd; %yk; khw;wpaikj;jy;. ( nrhy;ypf; nfhLj;jy;, topfhl;Ljy;)  edtpyp epiy : jdpahs; Vidatuf; Sld; njhlu;G nfhs;tjd; %yk; jd;id xOq;fikj;Jf; nfhs;sy;. (,iaghf;fkiljy;) 22.  cau; njhopiyg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;sy;.  tUkhdk; cau;tiljy;.  r%f mq;fPfhuk; fpilj;jy;.  cau;ej; vjpu;ghu;g;Gff; s; fhzg;gly;.  r%f nghUshjhuk; Nkk;ghliljy; N.Manoranjithan (Lecturer,JNCoE) 91 18/JNCoE/MA/T/F/3730 J.Sinthuja

23.  [dehaf eilKiwfisg; gpd;gw;Wk; jiyikj;Jt Kiwik/ ghzpiag; gpd;gw;Wjy;.  Mrpupau; Kdk; hjpupahfr; nraw;gly;.  Mrpupaupd; Ngr;R, eil, cil,ghtiz (MrpupauJ Ngr;R eil> cil> ghtiz Neu;j;jpahdJk;>jpUg;jpaspf;ff;$bajhf mikAk; re;ju;g;gj;jpYk; khztu; mjidg; gpd;gw;w vj;jdpg;gu;.)  Mrpupau-; khztu,; khztu;-khztu; ,iltpid cwit rpwg;ghf Nkw;nfhss; y;. 24.  Nghuhl;lq;fs; cUthjy;.  Vida r%ff; FOf;fspd; /Njitfisf; fUj;jpw; nfhs;shik.  rpWghd;ik r%fk; njhlh;gpy; vjpuhd kdg;ghq;F, kdntOr;rpia ntspg;gLj;Jjy;.(rpWghd;ik r%f cupikfis kjpf;fhik> )  r%f td;Kiwfspy; <Lgly;.(Nfhapy;fis ,bj;jy;)  r%fq;fSf;fpilapyhd xj;Jiog;G Fiwtiljy;.(xt;nthU r%fKk; jdJ r%fj;ij khj;jpuk; ikag;gLj;jp Raeyg;ghq;fpy; nraw;gly;.)  cg fyhrhuq;fis kjpf;fhik. 25.  ,d>kj mbg;gilapy; tha;g;Gf;fs;> rYiffs; NtWgLj;jg;gly;.  tug;gpurhjq;fs>; rYiffs; ngwg;gly;.  njhopYf;Nfw;g r%f me;j];J NtWgLjy;.(cau; njhopiyg; ngw;wpUg;Nghu; kupahijf;FupatuhfTk;> rhjhuz njhopypypUg;Nghu; kupahij Fd;wpatuhfTk; fzpf;fg;gLjy;.)  Nky; tFg;gpdu; kj;jpaju> jho; nghUshjhuj;jpYs;Nshiu mbikj;jdkhf;fy; r%fj;jpy; nry;thfF; r;nrYj;Jk; jd;ik, gyk;, tFg;Gf;fSfF; Vw;g NtWgly;. 26.  ghlrhiyapd; mfr;#oiyAk;> Gwr;#oiyAk; gw;wpa tpsf;fj;jpidg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;sy;.  fy;tp eltbfi; ffspw;F rhjfkhdjhfg; gad;Lj;jy;.  tFgg; iwapy; Kiwahd r%fj; njhlu;Gfisg; Ngzy;.  khztu;fspd; ngw;NwhUld; ey;Ywitg; Ngzy;.  gpur;rpid jPu;f;Fk; Mw;wiyg; ngwy;.  Kdk; hjpupahf elj;jy;.  khztdpd; r%fg; gpd;dzpia tpsq;fpfn; fhs;sy;. N.Manoranjithan (Lecturer,JNCoE) 92 18/JNCoE/MA/T/F/3730 J.Sinthuja