1st-merged (1)

aho;g;ghzk; Njrpa fy;tpapaw; fyY; }up topj;jlk; - 01 fy;tpr; r%ftpay; fw;gpj;jypy; Njrpa bg;Nshkh fle;jfhy ,Wjpg;guPl;ir tpdh,tpilfspd; njhFg;G 2018 - 2010 topfhl;ly;,MNyhrid,newpg;gLj;jy; eh.kNdhuQ;rpjd; (tpupTiuahsu;) (aho;g;ghzk; Njrpa fy;tpapaw; fy;Y}up) njhFg;ghsu;fs; m.kpJdh tp.fPu;j;jdh e.fPu;j;jdh n[.rpe;J[h tp.fhu;j;jpfhapdp Ne.Rfd;ah fp.j.bdh jpt;akyu; K.kJ\\h ml;ilg;glk; tbtikg;G :- tp.tp[p];fu; I

gPlhjpgjpapd; Mrpr; nra;jp fy;tpr; r%ftpay; ghlj;jpd; fle;jfhy tpdhf;fspd; njhFg;ghd topj;jlk;-1 kyUf;F tho;j;Jr; nra;jp toq;Ftjpy; ngUkfpo;r;rpailfpd;Nwd;. tpupTiuahsu; ehfKj;J kNdhuQ;rpjd; mtuf; spd; MNyhrid newpg;gLj;jYld; ,j; njhFg;G E}yhdJ fzpjg;gpupT A khztuf; shy; fle;j vl;L tUlfhykhf eilngw;w r%ftpay; ghlj;jpd; tpdhf;fisAk; mt; tpdhf;fSf;F tpsf;fkhd kw;Wk; Nkyjpf tpilfis cs;slf;fpajhfTk; tbtikf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. guPl;irf;F Njitahd tplaq;fis khztu;fspilNa nfhz;L Nrug; ;gjpy; Mrpupau;fspd; gq;F kpf Kf;fpakhd xd;whf tpsq;Ffpd;wJ. mtuf; s; jqf; s; khztuf; spd; fy;tp tsu;r;rpf;F JizGuptjw;F md;whl nraw;ghLfSld; ,ize;J khztu;fs; Gupe;Jnfhs;s $ba tifapy; fw;gpj;jy; Mw;wy; cilatuf; shf jpfo;fpd;wdu.; khztuf; spd; mwpTg; grpf;F ,k;kyupy; cs;s tpsf;fkhd tpilfs; jPdp NghLk; vd;gNjhL khztuf; spd; Mf;fj;jpwd; ntspg;ghL> rpe;jidf;fsk;> Njly; Nghd;wtw;Wf;F ,r; nrad;KiwahdJ toptFf;fpd;wJ. re;ju;g;gq;fis vy;yhk; rthy;fshf;fp nraw;gLfpd;w jw;Nghija Nfhtpl; - 19 fhyfl;lj;jpy; ,iza topf;fy;tp Clhf jkJ fy;tpr; nraw;ghLfis midj;J khztu;fSk; Nkw;nfhz;L tUfpd;wdu;. mtuf; spd; NjlYf;F ,g; Gj;jfkhdJ ngUk; gq;fhw;wf; $bajhf tpsq;Ffpd;wJ. ,t; topj;jlk;-1 vDk; Gj;jf njhFg;G ntspalP ;Lr; nraw;ghLfis Kd;ndLj;j tpupTiuahsu; ehfKj;J kNdhuQ;rpjd; mtuf; spd; topg;gLj;jy; cz;ikapNyNa fhyj;jpd; Njit fUjp Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l nraw;ghlhfNt fUJfpd;Nwd;. mNjNtis ,r;nraw;ghlhdJ ,k;kyupd; ntspalP ;Lf;fhf cioj;j Kfpo;epiy khzt Mrpupau;fspd; thz;ikia NkYk; tYT+l;Lk; vd;gjpy; Iakpy;iy. ,k; kyuhdJ khztuf; spd; fy;tpr; nraw;ghLfSf;F cWJizahfTk; Mrpupau;fspd; fw;gpj;jy; nraw;ghLfSf;F cjtp GuptjhfTk; guPl;irf;F JizGuptjhfTk; jpfOk; vd;gJld; khzt Mrpupau;fspd; gd;Kf MSik tpUj;jpf;Fk; mwpT> jpwd;> kdg;ghq;F tsu;r;rpf;Fk; JizGupAk;. NkYk; njhlu;e;Jk; khzt Mrpupau;fspd; Njly;fs; ntsptuNtz;Lnkd;gJld;> mtuf; sJ thz;ikj;JtKk; gd;Kf MSikAk; tpUj;jpaila tho;j;Jf;fisAk; ,iw MrpfisAk; njuptpj;J epw;fpd;Nwd;. jpU.Rg;gpukzpak; gukhde;jk; gPlhjpgjp aho;g;ghzk; Njrpa fy;tpapaw; fy;Y}up II

cg gPlhjpgjp (epjpAk; epu;thfKk;) tho;j;Jiu “fhyj;jpdhy; nra;j cjtp rpwpnjdpDk; Qhyj;jhy; khzg; ngupJ” vd;ghu; jpUtsS; tu;. ,d;iwa fhyfl;lj;jpy; fhyj;jpw;Fj; Njitahd mj;jpahtrpa nraw;ghLfs; ve;epiyapYk; vr; r%fj;jpYk; Njitahf cs;sJ. aho;gg; hzk; Njrpa fy;tpapaw; fy;Y}upapYk; mtt; hwhd rpwe;j fhj;jpukhd fhyj;jpd; Njitia xl;ba gaDs;s epfo;Tfs; eilngw;W tUfpd;wd. mej; tifapyhd xU nraw;ghNl ,e;j ‘topj;jlk; -01’ vd;w E}y; ntspalP hFk;. Mrpupa khztu;fs; ve;j tifapy; fw;f Ntz;Lk; vd;gij rupahf ehb gpbj;J ,Wjpj; Nju;Tfs; neUq;Fk; Ntisapy; mtu;fs; fw;gjw;fhd topj;jlj;ij ,e;E}y; Vw;gLj;jp je;jpUf;fpd;wJ.,t;tifahd topj;jlj;ij fhl;LtJ thz;ikahsuJ nghWg;nghd;whFk;. mej; tifapy; vy;yh khztu;fSf;Fk; guPl;ir Ntisapy; fw;gjw;fhd topj;jlj;ij fy;Y}upapd; rpwe;j thz;ikahsuhd jpU.eh.kNdhuQ;rpjd; mtu;fs; Vw;gLj;jp je;Js;shu.; mtUf;F vdJ tho;j;Jf;fSk; ghuhl;Lf;fSk; MrpfSk; cupj;jhfl;Lk;. ,eE; }y; cUthf;fr; nraw;ghl;by; <Lgl;l Mrpupa khztuf; s; ,r; nraw;ghl;bd; NghJ epiwa tplaq;fis fw;wpUg;ghuf; s; vd;gJ ntspg;gilahf njupfpd;wJ.,jidg; gad;gLj;Jk; khztu;fSk; vspikahf fy;tpr; r%ftpay; rhu;e;j tplaq;fspy; njspT ngw ,e;E}y; toprikf;Fk;. mej; tifapy; ,eE; }y; cUthf;fj;jpy; mu;gg; zpg;Gld; <Lgl;l midj;J Mrpupa khztu;fSf;Fk; vdJ tho;j;Jf;fSk; ghuhl;Lf;fSk; MrpfisAk; njuptpg;gjpy; ngUkfpot; ilfpd;Nwd;. ,eE; }y; ntspaPL ntw;wpf;fhd topj;jlj;ij Vw;gLj;jp rpwg;gila vdJ Mrpfis njuptpg;gjpy; kfpo;tilfpd;Nwd;. jpU.jpUehde;jk; n[afhz;Bgd; cg gPlhjpgjp (epjpAk; epu;thfKk;) aho;g;ghzk; Njrpa fy;tpapaw; fy;Y}up III

cg gPlhjpgjp (fy;tpAk; ju Nkk;ghLk;) tho;j;Jiu aho;gg; hzk; Njrpa fy;tpapaw; fy;Y}upapd; gj;njhd;gjhk; mzpapdupy; fzpjk; A gpupitr; Nru;e;j vl;L khzt Mrpupau;fs; ,ize;J fy;tpr; r%ftpay; ghlj;jpd; vl;L tUl fle;j tUl guPl;ir tpdhf;fisj; njhFj;J ntspapLk; “topj;jlk; - 01” vDk; kpd; E}Yf;F thoj; ;Jiu toq;Ftijapl;L NgUtif milfpd;Nwd;. Njrpa fy;tpapaw; fy;Y}upapd; Mrpupa fy;tpf;fhd fiyj;jpl;lj;jpy; gpujhd thz;ikj;Jt ghlq;fspy; xd;whf fy;tpr; r%ftpay; ghlkhdJ ,lk;ngw;Ws;sJ. “fy;tpapd; gad;> kdpj tpOkpaq;fSf;F kjpg;gspj;J ew;gzG; fis jk;Ks; tsu;j;Jf;nfhz;L Kuz;ghLfspd;wp r%fj;Jld; ,iae;J thof;$ba> r%fj;jpdJk; ehl;bdJk; mgptpUj;jpf;F cjtf;$ba ew;gpui[fis cUthf;FtNj” vd;gij Mrpupau;fs; czu;e;J nraw;gLk; tz;zk; fy;tpr; r%ftpay; ghl cs;slf;fq;fs; kpfr; rpwg;ghf xOq;fikf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. fy;tpapaw; fy;Y}up khzt Mrpupau;fs; ,g; gue;j ghlg;gug;gpidf; fw;W guPl;irf;F Njhw;Wtjw;F “topj;jlk; - 01” vDk; ,k; kpd; E}y; NgUjtpahf mikAk; vd;gjpy; Iakpy;iy. fle;j fhy tpdhf;fis gFg;ghaT; nra;J ,eE; }iy Mf;fpajd; %yk; ,g; ghlj;ij ,yFthff; fw;gjw;Fk; Qhgfj;jpy; itj;Jf; nfhs;tjw;Fk; VJthf mikAk; vd ek;gyhk;. ,tt; hwhd kpd; E}iy Mf;fp ntspapLtjw;F khzt Mrpupau;fSf;F Cf;fkspj;J topfhl;b newpg;gLj;jpa rpNu\\;l tpupTiuahsu; jpU. ehfKj;J kNdhuQ;rpjd; mtu;fs; r%ftpay; ghlj;jpy; rpWg;Gj;Nju;r;rp ngw;wtu;. mtuJ mwpTk; mDgtKk; ,eE; }iy nrOikg;gLj;Jtjw;F cjtpahf mike;jpUf;Fk;. fy;Y}upapd; cg glP hjpgjp vDk; tifapy; mtUf;Fk; ,eE; }iyj; njhFj;J ntspapl;l khzt Mrpupau;fSf;Fk; vdJ tho;j;Jf;fisAk; ghuhl;Lf;fisAk; njuptpj;Jf; nfhs;fpd;Nwd;. ,k; kpd; E}yhdJ fhj;jpukhd gy gzpfis Mw;wf;$bajhf njhlu;r;rpahf ntsptu Ntz;Lk; vdTk; vy;yhk; ty;y ,iwtdpd; mUis Ntz;b tho;j;JfpNwd;. nry;tp. nry;tkyu; nry;tuh[h cg gPlhjpgjp (fy;tpAk; juNkk;ghLk;) aho;g;ghzk; Njrpa fy;tpapaw; fy;Y}up IV

nghWg;G tpupTiuahsupd; cs;sj;jpypUe;J….. topj;jlk; 1 fy;tpr; r%ftpay; fle;jfhy tpdh-tpil njhFg;G E}iy ntspapLtjpy; ngUkfpo;r;rp milfpd;Nwhk;. vq;fSila fy;tp fl;likg;gpy; NjHr;rp ika fiyj;jpl;lk; mKy;gLj;jg;gLfpd;w NghjpYk; khztHfis kjpg;gpLtjw;fhf vOj;J %yg; guPl;ir xd;W ,d;Wk; elj;jg;gLtJ toikahd xd;W. ,ee; piyapy; rpwe;j ngWNgWfis khztHfs; ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;F mtHfs; jkJ ghlq;fis ed;whf fw;gJld; mJ njhlHghf fle;j fhyq;fspy; ntspte;j tpdh gj;jpuq;fisAk; mjw;fhd tpilfisAk; myrp Muha;tJ mtrpakhFk;. ,d;iwa covid-19 ,lH fhyj;jpy; Mtzq;fis khztHfs; xd;W NrHgg; J my;yJ gupkhwpf; nfhs;tJ kpff; fbdkhd xU tplakhf cs;sJ. ,jidf; fUj;jpy; nfhz;L khztHfs; jhk; fw;w tplaq;fis fle;jfhy tpdh tpilfSld; xgg; pl;L ghHg;gjw;fhf ,e;E}yhdJ Mf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,eE; }y; Mf;fj;Jf;fhf 19-Mk; mzpiar; NrHe;j fzpj gpupT A khztHfs; 8 NgH gq;fspg;igr; nra;Js;sdH. ,J njhlHghd Mtzq;fis mtHfSf;F toq;fp Njitahd MNyhridfs; topfhl;ly;fis toq;fp mtHfs; mtw;iw jl;lrR; gpujp nra;J vdf;F mDg;gpa gpd; ehd; mtw;iw rupghHj;j gpd;Gk; zoom nrayp Clhf RkhH gj;Jf;Fk; Nkw;gl;l jlitfs; fUj;Jg; gupkhw;wq;fis Nkw;nfhz;L Nkyjpfkhd rpy tpilfisAk; NrHj;J ,eE; }y; Mf;fj;ij Nkw;nfhz;Ls;Nshk;. ,eE; }yhff; j;jpy; Mrpupa khztHfshd K.kJ\\h, Ne.Rfd;ah, n[.rpe;J[h, tp.fPHj;jdh, fp.j.bdh jpt;akyu,; tp.fhHj;jpfhapdp, e. fPHj;jdh, m.kpJdh Mfpa Mrpupa khztHfs; gq;fspg;Gr; nra;Js;sdu;. E}yhf;fj;jpd; NghJ ,k; khzt Mrpupau;fs; tpdhf;fs; kw;Wk; tpilfs; rk;ke;jkhd G+uz njsptpid Njbahuha;e;jjd; %yk; ngw;Wf; nfhz;ldu; vd;gij ,tu;fspd; fye;Jiuahlypd; NghJ mwpe;J nfhz;Nld;. ,e;E}yhf;fj;jpw;fhf cioj;j ,k; khzt Mrpupau;fis ghuhl;b tho;j;Jtjpy; kfpo;r;rpailfpd;Nwd;. e tbtpyhd ,eE; }iy midj;Jj; Jiw khztHfSk; thrpj;J gad; ngw tho;j;Jfpd;Nwd;. jpU.ehfKj;J kNdhuQ;rpjd; tpupTiuahsu; aho;g;ghzk; Njrpa fy;tpapaw; fy;Y}up V

njhFg;Giu ‘jiy FdpeJ; vd;idg; ghu;. jiy epkpue; ;J cd;id elf;f itf;fpNwd;.’ vd;fpwJ xt;nthU rpwe;j Gj;jfKk;. mej; tifapy; vk;ik r%fj;NjhL gpd;dpg;gpizg;gjpy; Kd;dpiy fhl;Lfpd;w fy;tpr;r%ftpay; ghlj;jpd; tpilfSld; $ba fle;jfhy tpdhf;fspd; njhFg;ghf kyu;fpwJ topj;jlk; -1 vDk; ,e; Ehy;. ,eE; hyhdJ 2010 njhlf;fk; 2018 tiu eilngw;w fw;gpj;jypy; Njrpa bg;Nshkh ,Wjpg; gulP ;ir tpdhtpilfspd; njhFg;ghf mikfpwJ. ,eE; hyhdJ tpupTiuahsu; jpU. ehfKj;J kNdhuQ;rpjd; Iah mtu;fspd; topfhl;lypd; fPo; fzpjk; - A gpupT khzt Mrpupau;fshy; njhFf;fg;gl;L ,yj;jpudpay; E}yhf ntspaplg;gLfpd;wJ. tpupTiuahsu; jpU.eh.kNdhuQ;rpjd; Iah mtu;fs; ,g;Gj;jf Mf;fj;jpw;F Njitahd Mtzq;fisj; je;Jjtp zoom nraypA+lhf njhlu;e;J vkJ Mf;fq;fis kPs;ghui; tapl;L kPz;Lk; kPz;Lk; gy fye;Jiuahly;fis elhj;jp jpUj;jq;fs; Nkw;nfhz;lhu;. gpd;du; ehk; E}ypid njhFj;J ifaspj;j gpw;ghL kNdhuQ;rpjd; Iah mtu;fs; mjid td;gpujpfshf vLj;J(Hard copy) xt;nthU tUl tpdhf;fspd; tpilfisAk; EZfp Muha;e;J mjw;F NkyjpfkhfTk; Ie;jpw;F Nkw;gl;l tFg;Gf;fis zoom nraypA+lhf elhj;jp fye;Jiuahb jpUj;jq;fis Nkw;nfhz;L jdJ Kaw;rpapd; %yk; vkf;F Mf;fKk;> Cf;fKk; toq;fpdhu;. mtupd; Cf;fg;gLj;jypdhy; vk;khy; KbAkhd midj;J tplaq;fisAk; Njb Muhae; ;J Nkyjpf tpilfisAk; ,izj;J ,t; ,yj;jpudpay; EhypDhlhf rku;gg; pj;jpUf;fpd;Nwhk;. mtupd; Kaw;rp kw;Wk; Cf;fg;gLj;jy; ,e;E}y; njhFg;gpw;F khj;jpukpd;wp vkJ fy;tpr; r%ftpay; ghl mwpTf;Fk; cu%l;b rpwe;jnjhU topfhl;bahf, MNyhrfuhf vkf;F Mf;fKk; Cf;fKk; je;J newpg;gLj;jpdhu;. mtt; ifapy; guPl;irfspd; NghJ ,e;Ehy; midj;J khzt Mrpupau;fspw;Fk; gaDs;sjhfNt mikAk; vd ek;Gfpd;Nwhk;. ,e; Ehiy thrpg;gjd; %yk; cq;fs; tho;f;ifia mwpTG+ut; khf tsg;gLj;JtJld; ,g; G+kpapy; elg;gLfpd;w xt;nthU Gj;jf tpijiaAk; khzt rKjhaj;jpDhL tpUl;rkhf khw;WtJ cq;fs; iffspNy………. ‘xU vOj;jhsd; xU Gj;jfj;ij njhlf;fp itf;fpd;whd;. thrfd; mjid Kbj;J itf;fpd;whd;’ fp.j.bdh jpt;akyu; 18/JNCoE/MA/T/F/3749 19k; mzp, fzpjk; A gpupT aho;gg; hzk; Njrpa fy;tpapaw; fy;Y}up VI

kyuhf;f FO topfhl;ly;,MNyhrid,newpg;gLj;jy; tUlk; 2018(2019) eh.kNdhuQ;rpjd; tpupTiuahsu; aho;g;ghzk; Njrpa fy;tpapaw; fy;Y}up njhFgg; hsu;fs; tUlk; 2017(2018) m.kpJdh e.fPu;j;jdh 18/JNCoE/MA/T/F/3762 18/JNCoE/MA/T/F/3731 tUlk; 2016 tUlk; 2014(2015) tp.fhu;j;jpfhapdp fp.j. bdh jpt;akyu; 18/JNCoE/MA/T/F/3733 18/JNCoE/MA/T/F/3749 tUlk; 2013(2014) tUlk; 2012(2013) tp.fPu;j;jdh n[.rpe;J[h 18/JNCoE/MA/T/F/3737 18/JNCoE/MA/T/F/3730 tUlk; 2011(2012) tUlk; 2010(2011) Ne.Rfd;ah K.kJ\\h 18/JNCoE/MA/T/F/3777 18/JNCoE/MA/T/F/3735 mli; lgg; lk; tbtikg;G tp.tp[p];fu; 18/JNCoE/MA/T/M/3742 VII

tUlk; nghUslf;fk; 2018(2019) 2017(2018) gf;f ,yf;fk; 2016 1-16 2014(2015) 17-31 2013(2014) 32-47 2012(2013) 48-65 2011(2012) 66-83 2010(2011) 84-100 101-113 114-126 VIII

fw;gpj;jypy; Njrpa bg;Nshkh ,Wjpg; guPl;ir – 2018 (2019) (02) fy;tp r%ftpay; - tpdhj;jhs; Ⅰ  1 njhlf;fk; 10 tiuahd tpdhf;fspy; jug;gl;Ls;s xt;nthU $w;wpdJk; ,ilntspf;Fg; nghUj;jkhd nrhw;fis ,l;L G+uzg;gLj;Jf. 1. r%ftpaypy; Kd;Dupik toq;fg;gLtJ…………………………….. elj;ij njhlu;gpy; fw;gjw;fhFk;. 2. r%ftpaypd; ,uz;L fpisfspy; fy;tpr; r%ftpayhdJ…………………………….. r%ftpaiyr; Nrue; ;jJ. 3. jpl;lkplg;glhj Kiwapy; ghlrhiyapD}lhf fyhr;rhuj;ij ifaspj;jiy........................... fiyj;jpl;lk; %yk; nra;a KbAk;. 4. jdpahs; xUtu; ,ay;gpNyNa nfhz;bUf;fpd;w ghtid nra;jy;> Cfpf;Fk; jd;ik> …………………………….. Mfpa gz;Gfs; r%fkakhff; iy ,yFgLj;Jfpd;wd. 5. tFg;giwapy; khztu; - khztu; njhlu;gpid tpUj;jp nra;tjw;fhf FOKiw> rfghb kw;Wk; …………………………….. Nghd;w fw;wy; re;ju;g;gq;fis Vw;gLj;jpf; nfhLj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. 6. r%f khw;wq;fSf;fpiae;j tifapy; f.ngh.j (c/j) fiyj;jpl;lj;jpid mikf;Fk; Nehff; py; 2010Mk; Mz;bd; gpd;du; Nkw;nfhss; g;gl;l xU eltbfi; fahf…………………………. mwpKfk; nra;ag;gl;lJ. 7. jw;fhyj;jpy; jpwe;j r%fnkhd;wpy; epyTk; Vw;wj;jho;Tfis ntspg;gLj;Jk; gpujhd re;ju;g;gkhf………………………........ ,dq;fhzyhk;. 8. fPo;rr; %f tFg;nghd;wpy; gpwej; xUtu; jhd; ngw;Wf;nfhz;l fy;tpawptpd; fhuzkhf Nky; r%f tFg;ig milAk; nrad;KiwahdJ……………………………………….. vdg;gLk;. 9. Mrpupau; xUtuJ rKf tfpghfk; vd;gJ r%f…………………………………. Vw;wtifapy; jkJ flikfs;> nghWg;Gf;fs; vd;gtw;iw epiwNtw;WtjhFk;. 10. ghlrhiy mgptpUj;jpr; rq;fkhdJ ghlrhiy kw;Wk; r%fj;Jff; pilapyhd……………………… ntspg;gLj;Jk; xU Kf;fpa mikg;ghFk;. (01× 10= 10 Gs;spfs); N.Manoranjithan(Lecturer,JNCoE) 1 18/JNCOE/MA/T/F/3762 A.Mithuna

 11 njhlf;fk; 20 tiuahd xt;nthU tpdhTf;Fk; cupa rupahd tpiliaf; Fwpj;J epw;Fk; ,yf;fj;ij vjpNuAs;s milg;Gf;FwpapDs; vOJf. 11. khztu; xUtuJ fw;wypy; mtuJ jdpg;gll; tpUg;G> ntWg;GfSf;F Nkyjpfkhf mjpf nry;thfF; r; nrYj;jf;$ba fhuzpfshf miktd> (1) rkaKk; fyhrhuKk; MFk;. (2) fyhrhuKk; fw;gpj;jy; ClfKk; MFk;. (3) fw;gpj;jy; ClfKk; G+Nfhs uPjpapyhd ,ltikTk; MFk;. (4) gioa khztu; rq;fKk; ,izg;ghltpjhdr; nraw;ghLfSk; MFk;. (……… ) 12. mT];jpNuypa ehl;bd; 'Rooty Hill ' cau; ghlrhiyapy; fw;gpff; pd;w ,yq;if Mrpupau; njhlu;ghf mz;ikf;fhykhf r%f tiyj;jsq;fspy; mjpfkhf Ngrg;gLfpd;wJ. ,tu; ghlq;fis khj;jpukd;wp vy;yh tpjq;fspYk; gy;tifg;gl;l khztu;fSf;F xNu r%fj;jpy; mtutu; Mokhfg; Gupe;jf;nfhz;L xj;Jiog;Gld; tho;tjw;Ff; fw;gpg;gjw;fhf Nkw;nfhz;l gq;fspg;G ,jw;Ff; fhuzkhFk;. ,t;thrpupauhy; gadg; Lj;jg;gl;l fy;tp Kiwapid Fwpg;gpl kpfg; nghUj;jkhdJ. (1) gy;rkaf; fy;tp (2) tpNrl fy;tp (3) tho;ehs; ePbj;j fy;tp (4) gy; fyhrhuf; fy;tp (……… ) 13. r%fkakhff; y; nrad;KiwapYs;s Fiwghl;bd; fhuzkhf khztu;fsplj;J ntspg;glf;$ba nghJ elj;ijrhu; gpur;ridfis khj;jpuk; css; lf;fpa tpil vJ? (1) jdpikg;gly;> tpuf;jp> nfll; thu;j;ijfs; gad;gLj;Jjy;> tpjpKiwfis kPWjy;. (2) jdpikg;gly;> mbf;fb tpdhntOg;Gjy;> Kdt; uy;> tpjpKiwfis kPWjy;. (3) Kdt; uy;> jpULjy;> NrhfkhapUj;jy;> tpuf;jp (4) nkhopg; gad;ghl;by; ,lu;gly>; Kdt; uy;> jpULjy;> NrhfkhapUj;jy; (……… ) 14. Mrpupa gapYdu; FOnthd;W> ghlrhiyapy; Kiwapy; FOkq;fs; njhlu;gpy; Kdi; tj;j jPu;khdq;fs; rpy fPNo jug;gl;Ls;sd. mtw;Ws; kpfTk; gaDWjp tha;e;jJk; eilKiw rhj;jpaKs;sJkhd jPu;khdj;ijj; njupT nra;f. (1) ghlrhiyapy; Kiwapy; FOkq;fs; gy fhzg;gLfpd;wikahy; mit epiyf;nfhst; ijj; jLg;gjw;fhd rl;ljpl;lq;fis mKy;gLj;Jjy; fll; hakhdjhFk;. (2) Kiwapy; FOkq;fs; cUthFtij jLj;J epWj;j KbahJ vd;gjhy; ghlrhiy mgptpUj;jpf;F mtw;wpd; xj;Jiog;ig ngw;Wf;nfhst; jw;fhd Ntiyj;jpl;lnkhd;W fll; hakhdjhFk; (3) Kiwapy; FOkq;fs; gy fhzg;gLtNjhL tFg;giwf; fw;wy;- fw;gpj;jw; nrad;Kiwf;fhf khj;jpuk; mtw;iwg; gad;gLj;Jjy; fll; hakhdjhFk;. (4) Kiwapy; FOkq;fisr; rhuhj khztu;fis Cf;fptpg;gjw;fhd Ntiyj;jpl;lnkhd;W fll; hakhdjhFk;. (……… ) N.Manoranjithan(Lecturer,JNCoE) 2 18/JNCOE/MA/T/F/3762 A.Mithuna

15. rpy ghlrhifspy; fiyj;jpl;lk; eilKiwg;gLj;jg;gLk; tpjq;fs; fPNo jug;gl;Ls;sd. mtw;Ws; kpfg; nghUj;jkhd tpjk; ahJ?. (1) ,izg;ghltpjhdr; nraw;ghLfSf;F cau; KdD; upik toq;FtNjhL fy;tprhu; nraw;ghLfspy; Fiwthd ftdk; nrYj;Jjy;. (2) fy;tprhu; nraw;ghLfSf;F Kd;Dupik mspg;gNjhL ,izg;ghltpjhdr; nraw;ghLfspy; Fiwthd ftdk; nrYj;Jjy;. (3) fy;tprhu; nraw;ghLfSf;Fk; ,izg;ghltpjhdr; nraw;ghLfSf;Fk; rkre;ju;g;gk; toq;ff;$ba tifapy; Vw;ghLfis Nkw;nfhss; y;. (4) ,izg;ghltpjhdr; nraw;ghLfs;> tpOkpar; nraw;ghLfs; vd;gtw;Wf;F rk re;ju;g;gk; toq;ff;$ba tifapy; Vw;ghLfis Nkw;nfhss; y;. (……… ) 16. ,iltpidr; nraw;ghnlhd;W KOikailtjw;fhf ,Uf;f Ntz;ba fhuzpfs; njhlu;gpy; Nflf; g;gl;l tpdh xdW; f;F gpd;tUk; %d;W tplaq;fs; khj;jpuk; tpilahf vOjg;gl;bUe;jd. \" ,uz;L my;yJ ,uz;Lf;F Nkw;gl;ltu;fs; ,lk;ngWjy; ” \"njhlu;r;rpahdjhf ,Uj;jy; ” \"nghJthf r%fj;jpy; Vw;Wf;nfhss; g;gly; ” ,t; tpil kpfr; rupahdjhf miktjw;F ,jpy; cs;slff; g;gl Ntz;ba tplak; ahJ?. (1) xUtuJ nraw;ghl;bw;F ,d;ndhUtu; cldbahfg; gpujpgypg;igf; fhl;lhik. (2) gy FOf;fs; xdw; pide;J nraw;gly;. (3) gy;NtWgl;lJk; Kuz;gl;lJkhd nraw;ghLfis css; lf;fpapUj;jy;. (4) xUtuJ eltbf;iff;F ,d;ndhUtu; vjpu;tpidf; fhlL; jy;. (……… ) 17. r%f khw;wj;jpw;fhd fy;tpapd; NghJ mjpf ftdk; nrYj;j Ntz;ba fhuzpfisf; Fwpj;J epw;Fk; tpiliaj; njupT nra;f. (1) ghlrhiy tifAk; guPl;ir KiwAk;. (2) Mrpupaupd; nghWg;Gf;fSk; ghlrhiyf;F khztu;fis mDkjpj;jYk;. (3) fiyj;jpl;lKk; Mrpupaupd; nghWg;Gf;fSk;. (4) fiyj;jpl;lKk; ghlrhiyf;F khztu;fis mDkjpj;jYk;. (……… ) 18. FOf; fw;wYf;fhf tFg;giwapy; khztu;fis FOf;fshfF; k; NghJ Mrpupau; xUtu; ftdj;jpw; nfhs;sNtz;ba kpfg; nghUj;jkhd fhuzp vJ?. (1) khztu;fSf;fpilapyhd el;GwT. (2) Mz;> ngz; r%fepiy. (3) khztu;fs; cupj;jhFk; r%f tFg;G. (4) khztu;fspd; kPj;jpwd;> gpd;jq;fpajd;ik. (……… ) 19. gpd;tUtdtw;Ws; Mrpupau; tfpghfk; rhue; ;j Kuz;ghl;L tiffSs; gpujhd Jiw my;yhjJ vJ?. (1) tfpghf MSik Kuz;ghLfs;. (2) tfpghf Kuz;ghLfs;. (3) MSik Kuz;ghLfs;. (4) tfpghf r%f Kuz;ghLfs;. (……… ) N.Manoranjithan(Lecturer,JNCoE) 3 18/JNCOE/MA/T/F/3762 A.Mithuna

20. r%fk;> ghlrhiy Mfpatw;Wf;fpilapyhd cwtpidr; rpwg;ghf tYg;gLj;Jtjw;F fhzg;glNtz;ba epiyik (1) r%fj;jpdJ Njitfis epiwT nra;Ak; Xu; myfhf ghlrhiy nraw;gly;. (2) r%fk;> ghlrhiyapdJk; ghlrhiy r%fj;jpdJk; Njitfisg; G+uj; ;jp nra;jy;. (3) ghlrhiy r%fj;jpd; Xu; mq;fkhfr; nraw;gly;. (4) KOr;r%fj;jpdJk; cg myfhf ghlrhiy nraw;gly;. (……… ) (01× 10= 10 Gs;spfs;)  21 njhlf;fk; 30 tiuahd tpdhf;fSf;Fr; RUf;fkhf tpil vOJf. 21. fyhrhuj;ijf; ifaspj;jy; njhlu;gpy; MrpupauJ nghWg;Gf;fspd; gpujhd gz;Gfs; ,uz;ilf; Fwpg;gpLf. (i) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… (ii) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 22. r%fkakhff; ypy; jdpahu; tFg;Gf;fs; Vw;gLj;Jk; rhjfkhd nry;thfF; fs; ,uz;ilf; Fwpg;gpLf. (i) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… (ii) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 23. ,yq;iff; fy;tp Kiwapy; ghy;epiyr; rkj;Jtkpd;ikia ntspg;gLj;Jk; re;ju;g;gq;fs; ,uz;ilf; Fwpg;gpLf. (i) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… (ii) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 24. fyhrhuk;> cgfyhrhuk; vd;gtw;Wf;fpilapyhd xw;Wiknahd;iwAk;> NtWghnlhd;iwAk; Fwpg;gpLf. (i) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… (ii) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 25. xUkpj;j kdg;ghq;ifAk; tpUg;gq;fisAk; nfhz;ltu;fs; xd;wpidAk; NghJ mtu;fisf; Fwpg;gpLtjw;fhfg; gadg; Lj;jg;gLk; ,U gjq;fisf; Fwpg;gpLf. (i) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… (ii) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 26. Kiwapy; FOkq;fs; ghlrhiynahd;wpy; Vw;gLj;Jk; rhjfkhd nry;thfF; fs; ,uz;il vOJf. (i) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… (ii) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… N.Manoranjithan(Lecturer,JNCoE) 4 18/JNCOE/MA/T/F/3762 A.Mithuna

27. r%fg; gy;tifj; jd;ikf;Nfw;w tifapy; fw;gpj;jw; nrad;Kiwiaj; jpl;lkpLk;NghJk; nraw;gLj;Jk;NghJk; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; ,U gjq;fisf; Fwpg;gpLf. (i) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… (ii) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 28. fy;tpahdJ r%fg; ngau;r;rpf;F gq;fspg;G ey;Fk; tpjq;fs; ,uz;ilf; Fwpg;gpLf. (i) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… (ii) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 29. Ma;thsu; vupf; n`ha;]; Mrpupau; tfpghfj;jpw;F cupj;jhd midj;J mq;fq;fisAk; ,uz;L gpujhd Jiwfshf tFj;Jss; hu;. mt;tpU JiwfisAk; ngaupLf. (i) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… (ii) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 30. r%fj;jpd; Xu; mq;fkhf ghlrhiy Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gLtjw;F mbg;gilahf mike;j fhuzpfs; ,uz;il vOJf. (i) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… (ii) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… (02× 10= 20 Gs;spfs;) N.Manoranjithan(Lecturer,JNCoE) 5 18/JNCOE/MA/T/F/3762 A.Mithuna

tpdhj;jhs; Ⅱ gFjp - Ⅰ 1) Njrpa fy;tpaw; fy;Y}upfspd; fiyj;jpl;lk; njhlu;gpy; Mrpupa gapYduf; s; Kd;itj;j gpujhd ,uz;L ntspg;ghLfs; fPNo jug;gl;Ls;sd. ntspg;ghL I : ekf;F cstpay;> r%ftpay; Nghd;w ghlq;fisf; fw;gpj;jij tpl ghlrhiyapy; fw;gpff; pd;w ghlq;fis fy;tpaw; fy;Y}upfspy; $Ljyhff; fw;gpj;jhy; rpwe;jJ. ntspg;ghL II : fy;tp r%ftpayhdJ vkJ thz;ikj;Jt tfpghfj;Jf;Nfhu; xspahFk;. (i) ntspg;ghL I ,y; Fwpg;gpl;lg;gl;Ls;s fUj;J jtwhdJ vd;gjid cWjpg;gLj;jtjw;F ,uz;L fhuzq;fis Kdi; tfF; f. (ii) ntspg;ghL II ,y; Fwpg;gpl;lg;gl;Ls;s fUj;J rupahdJ vd;gjid cWjpg;gLj;Jtjw;fhd fhuzq;fs; ehd;iff; Fwpg;gpLf. (iii) fy;tp r%ftpaypd; %yk; ngw;Wf;nfhz;l mDgtq;fs; FOf; fw;gpj;jw; gapw;rpapd; NghJ Kf;fpakhdjhaike;j tpjj;ij ,uz;L re;ju;g;gq;fspy; cjhuzq;fSld; tpsf;Ff. 2) khztp xUtuJ jpdf;Fwpg;Ngl;bypUe;J ngau;j;njLf;fg;gl;l rpy Fwpg;Gfs; fPNo jug;gl;Ls;sd. “ FLk;gj;jpy; mf;fh Kjypy; te;jtu; vd;gjdhYk; jq;if filrpahf te;jtu; vd;gjhYk; mtu;fsplj;jpy; mjpf ghrk; fhl;lg;gLfpwJ. tlP ;ilg; Nghd;Nw tFg;giwapYk; vdf;Fg; ghugl;rk;....... vdJ fijiaf; Nflg; jw;F ahUNk ,y;iy.......... ’’ (i) ,f;$w;Wf;fspy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;s tifapy; khztp vjpu;Nehff; pAs;s gpur;rpidia Fwpg;gpl;Lr; nrhy;yf;$ba r%ftpay; gjj;ijf; Fwpg;gpLf. (ii) ,k;khztpapd; gpur;rpidia rupahf ,dq;fhz;gjw;fhf MrpupanuhUtuhy; Nkw;nfhss; f;$ba eltbf;iffs; ehd;if Kdi; tf;Ff. (iii) khztpia r%fkag;gLj;Jtw;fhf Mrpupau; vd;w ujP papy; ePq;fs; Nkw;nfhsS; k; nraw;ghLfs; ,uz;il cjhuzq;fSld; tpsf;Ff. 3) taJ te;Njhiug; Nghd;W ,sk; rKjhaj;jpdUk; Nghijg;nghUs; ghtidapy; <LgLtjhdJ ghupanjhU r%fg; gpur;rpidahFk;. (i) xU gpur;ridahdJ r%fg; gpur;rpidahf ,dq;fhzg;gLk; NghJ css; lq;fg;gl Ntz;ba fhuzpfs; ,uz;ilg; ngaupLf. (ii) flb; sikg; gUt khztu;fs; Nghijg;nghUs; ghtidapy; <LgLtjw;F nry;thfF; r; nrYj;jpAs;s fhuzq;fs; ,uz;ilg; gFg;gha;f (iii) flb; sikg; gUtj;jpy; khztu;fs; Nghijg;nghUs; ghtidapypLgLtij jLg;gjw;fhf khztu;fisAk; ngw;Nwhu;fisAk; mwpTWj;jf;$ba tifapy; Mrpupauhy; Nkw;nfhss; f;$ba eltbf;iffs; ,uz;il cjhuzq;fSld; tpsf;Ff. N.Manoranjithan(Lecturer,JNCoE) 6 18/JNCOE/MA/T/F/3762 A.Mithuna

4) Kiwikahd r%ff; FOkq;fSf;fpilNa fhzg;gLk; ,Wf;fj;jd;ikahdJ Kiwapy; r%ff; FOkq;fs; cUthf;fj;jpw;F Kf;fpakhd mbg;gilahFk;. (i) Kiwapy; r%ff; FOkq;fSf;fpilNa fhzg;gLfpd;w ,uz;L gpujhd gz;Gfis Kdi; tfF; f. (ii) Kiwikahd r%ff; FOkq;fspd; kPJ Kiwapy; r%ff; FOkq;fs; nry;thf;Fr; nrYj;Jk; tpjj;ij ,uz;L tplaq;fspD}lhfg; gFg;gha;f (iii) Njrpa fy;tpaw; fy;Y}upapy; fhzg;gLk; Kiwapy; r%ff; FOkq;fs; ckJ Mrpupa thz;ikj;Jt gz;GfisAk; jpwd;fisAk; tpUj;jp nra;tjpy; JizGupe;j tpjj;ij ,uz;L cjhuzq;fSld; tpsfF; f. gFjp Ⅱ 5) “khw;wk; vd;gJ ,aw;ifahdJ. khw;Wjy; vd;gJ jpl;lkpl;l nrad;KiwahFk;. ’’ (i) r%f khw;wj;jpw;Fk; fy;tpf;Fkpilapyhd ,Ugf;fj; njhlu;ig ,dq;fhz;f. (ii) r%f khw;wq;fSf;fpiae;jjhf vjpu;fhyj;jpy; ,yq;ifg; ghlrhiyf; fiyj;jpl;lj;jpy; css; lf;fg;gl Ntz;ba ehd;F fUg;nghUl;fis Kd;itfF; f. (iii) r%f khw;wq;fSf;fpiae;jjhf fw;wy; fw;gpj;jw; nrad;Kiwapy; Mrpupau;fSk; khztu;fSk; khw;wKw Ntz;ba tpjj;ij ,uz;L cjhuzq;fspD}lhf tpsf;Ff. 6) thz;ikj;Jtg; gapw;rp Mrpupau; xUtu; ezP ;lfhykhf jkJ tFg;giwapy; khztu;fs; mku;tjw;F gofpapUe;j Nfhyk; njhlu;gpy; xU gpur;rpidia ,dq;fz;L> thuhe;jk; gpd;tupirapypUe;J gbg;gbahf Kd;tupirf;F vd;wthW ,lk;khwp mkUk; Nfhynkhd;iw khztu;fSf;F mwpKfg;gLj;jpdhu;. (i) Gjpa Kiwia mwpKfg;gLj;Jtjw;F mbg;gilahaike;j gpur;rpidAk; mjw;fhfg; gadg; Lj;jg;gl;l jPu;Tk; ahit?. (ii) r%f tFg;G> fy;tpf;fhd re;ju;g;gq;fs; vd;gtw;Wf;fpilapyhd njhlu;gpid ntspg;gLj;Jk; tpjq;fs; ehd;if Fwpg;gpLf (iii) r%f tFg;Gf;fspdJ nry;thff; pid ,optsthf;Fk; tpjj;jpy; fw;wy; fw;gpj;jw; nrad;Kiwapid Nkw;nfhss; f;$ba tpjj;ij cjhuzq;fSld; tpsf;Ff. 7) “ r%f khw;wq;fSf;fpiae;jjhf MrpupauJ r%f tfpghfKk; Gjpa fz;Nzhll; j;jpy; Nehff; g;gl Ntz;ba Njit fhzg;gLfpwJ. ’’ (i) Mrpupa tfpghfj;jpy; Kuz;ghLfisj; jPu;g;gjw;F epWtd Elg; Kiwfshf ,dq;fhzg;gl;Ls;s eltbf;iffs; ,uz;ilj; jUf. (ii) fle;j fhyj;NjhL xg;gpLk;NghJ rkfhy Mrpupau; tfpghfj;jpy; fhzj;jf;f khw;wq;fs; ehd;iff; Fwpg;gpLf. (iii) tFg;giwf; fw;gpj;jy; kw;Wk; xl;Lnkhj;j ghlrhiy njhlu;ghd tfpghfq;fisr; rpwg;ghf epiwNtw;Wtjpy; Mrpupau; gpd;gw;wNtz;ba eltbf;iffs; ,uz;il cjhuzq;fspD}lhf tpsfF; f. N.Manoranjithan(Lecturer,JNCoE) 7 18/JNCOE/MA/T/F/3762 A.Mithuna

8) r%fj; njhlu;Gfs; neUf;fkhdjhf my;yJ Nra;ikahdjhf ,Ug;gjhdJ ghlrhiyapd; ,aq;F epiyapy; ghupa jhff; k; nrYj;Jfpd;wJ. (i) ghlrhiyahdJ r%fj;Jff; hf ntspg;gilj;jd;ikaw;wpUg;gjdhy; Vw;glf;$ba gpur;ridfs; ,uz;il ,dq;fhz;f. (ii) r%f Nkk;ghl;bw;Fg; ghlrhiyapD}lhf Nkw;nfhss; f;$banjd ,dq;fhzg;gl;Ls;s Nritfs; ehd;iff; Fwpg;gpLf. (iii) NkNy (ii) ,y; ePu; Fwpg;gpl;l Nritfspy; ,uz;ilj; njupT nra;J> mtw;iw ntw;wpfukhf eilKiwg;gLj;Jtjw;fhf Mrpupau; vd;w tifapy; cq;fs; gq;fspg;gpid cjhuzq;fSld; tpsf;Ff. N.Manoranjithan(Lecturer,JNCoE) 8 18/JNCOE/MA/T/F/3762 A.Mithuna

tpilfs; tpdhj;jhs; - Ⅰ gFjp Ⅰ 1) r%f 2) gpuNahf 3) Kiwapy; / Kiwikapy; /kiw 4) mDjhgk; / ,uf;fk; 5) gq;Fgw;Wjy; / ,izj;jy; / xj;Jioj;jy; 6) njhopy;El;g ghlf;$W 7) r%f tFg;G / r%f tu;ff; k; / r%f gilahf;fk; 8) epiyf;Fj;Jg; ngau;T / nrq;Fj;Jg; ngau;T 9) vjpu;ghu;g;GfSf;F / NjitfSf;F 10) njhlu;ig / ,ilj;njhlu;ig 11) 2 12) 4 13) 1 14) 2 15) 3 16) 4 17) 3 18) 1 19) 4 20) 2 21)  Kdk; hjpupahdtu;  Nghyrn; ra;jy; (cjhu GU\\u);  VidNahUld; xj;Jioj;Jr; nraw;gly;.  MNyhrid $wy;  topelhj;Jjy;  Cf;Ftpj;jy;  nraw;ghLfis Kd;NdLj;jy; 22)  rktaJf; FOtpdupd; tpUg;G ntWg;Gf;F ,lk; toq;Fjy;  xj;Jiog;G> cjtp ngwg;gLjy;  FO czu;Tld; nrayhw;Wjy;  Rje;jpuk;> RahjPdg;> NghfF;  jiyikj;Jtk;  xw;Wik kdg;ghq;F  Nghlb; j;jd;ik Vw;gly;.  khztu;fspilNa gy tpj;jpahrkhd eil cil> gof;ftof;fq;fs;> Ngr;R Vw;gLk;.  ,e;epWtdq;fSf;F mjpfkhf tUgtu;fs; kj;jpa tFg;gpdu; ,Ug;gjdhy; kj;jpa tFg;gpduJ r%f ,ay;Gfs; guTtjw;F fhuzkhf ,Uf;Fk;. N.Manoranjithan(Lecturer,JNCoE) 9 18/JNCOE/MA/T/F/3762 A.Mithuna

23)  ghlnewpfisj; njupT nra;jy;  ,izghlr; nraw;ghLfspy; <LgLjy;  gpur;rpid rthy;fSfF; Kfq;nfhLj;jy;  ghlj;njupT  jiyikj;Jtk; toq;Fjy;  njhopy; epakdq;fspy; NtWghL fhl;ly.;  nka;ty;Ydu; Nghlb; apy; NtWghL fhl;ly.; 24) xw;Wik  fyhrr; huj;jpDs; cg fyhr;rhuk; cUthFjy;  fyhrr; huj;jpDs; cgfyhr;rhuq;fs; fhzg;gLjy; Ntw;Wik  rpwg;G gz;Gfs; kl;Lk; NtWgLfpd;wd  xU ngUq; fyhrhuj;jpDs; ,dj;Jtk;> rkak; my;yJ r%f tFg;G vd;gtw;wpy; fhzg;gLfpd;w NtWghLfspd; tpisthf cgfyhr;rhuq;fs; vOfpd;wd. cjhuzkhf ,yq;if kf;fspd; nghJthd fyhrr; huj;jpDs; rpq;fs fyhrr; huk;> jkpo; fyhrr; huk;> K];ypk; fyhrr; huk; vd cgfyhr;rhuq;fs; css; d. 25)  rk taJf;FO  xj;j taJf;FO  rfghbf;FO  xj;j ez;gu; FO  xg;gidf;FO 26)  ghlrhiy nghJ ,yf;fpid mila cjTjy;  nghWg;Gzu;Tld; nrayhw;w cjTjy;  tpku;rdq;fSlhf ey;topg;gLj;Jjy;  gjpw; flikfis epiwNtw;Wjy;  tpNrl nraw;ghLfspy; <Lgly;  ,d kj fyhrr; hu njhlu;Gfs; fhuzkhf rpwg;ghd Mw;wy; ntspg;gly;. 27)  ,dg;ghFghL / FyNgjk; / rkag;ghFghL / nkhopg;ghFghL / Mz;> ngz; NtWghL / gpuNjr NtWghL (efu/fpuhk) / nghUshjhug; ghFghL 28) 10 18/JNCOE/MA/T/F/3762 A.Mithuna  r%ff; fzpg;G  r%f me;j];J  nfsutk;  cau; njhopy;  r%f elj;ij N.Manoranjithan(Lecturer,JNCoE)

29)  njhopy;rhu; tfpghfk; - fw;wy; fw;gpj;jy; nrad;KiwAld; njhlu;Gila tfpghfk;.  r%f tfpghfk; - r%fj;jpy; gy;NtW gjtpfs; tfpj;jy;> njhlu;Gfis Ngzy; %yk; cUthFk; tfpghfkhFk;. 30)  r%fj;jpypUe;Nj gps;isfs; ghlrhiyf;F tUif jUfpd;wik  ghlrhiy ,af;fj;Jf;F r%fk; gq;fspg;G toq;Ffpd;wik  ngw;Nwhu; - Mrpupau; njhlu;G epyTjy;  ghlrhiyapd; tsq;fis r%f Nkk;ghl;bw;F gadg; Lj;Jjy;  ghlrhiyapy; fy;tp fw;fpd;w khztd; mq;F gpd;gw;wg;gLk; Nfhl;ghLfs;> rll; jpl;lq;fs;> epajpfs;> kuGfs;> fyhrhu mk;rq;fs; midj;ijAk; r%fj;jpy; gpuNahfpf;fpd;whd;.  ghlrhiyapypUe;J khztu;fis r%fj;jpw;F mDg;Gfpd;wik. tpilj;jhs; Ⅱ gFjp - Ⅰ 01. (i) 1) Mrpupau; njhopw;Jiwapy; rkepiyg; gz;Gfisg; Ngz ,t;tpuz;L JiwfSk; mtrpak; 2) Mrpupau; xUtu; jkJ nghWg;Gf;fis Mw;w ghl epGzj;Jtk; kl;Lk; NghjhJ 3) jhk; nrayhw;Wfpd;w r%fj;jpd; gy;tifikfis tpsq;fp nrayhw;Wtjw;F ,it mtrpak; 4) khzt r%f gpd;dzpia tpsq;fpfn; fhs;tjw;F. 5) khztu;fSld; md;ghf ele;J nfhs;s cstpay; mtrpak; 6) khztu;fis r%fg; nghUj;jg;ghlff; p nfhs;tjw;F. 7) khztu;fspd; jdpahs;> cs> r%f elj;ijfis tpsq;fpf; nfhs;sy;. 8) khztdpd; elj;ijia ,dq;fz;L nfhs;tjw;F (ii) 1) khztu; gy;tifikfis tpsq;fpr; nrayhw;Wtjw;F 2) r%f vjpu;ghu;g;Gff; is ,dq;fz;L r%f tpUj;jpf;F cjTjy; 3) r%fg; gpur;rpidfSf;fhd jPu;Tfisg; ngw;Wfn; fhLg;gjw;Fk;> gq;fhw;Wtjw;Fk; 4) r%fkakhff; y; nrad;Kiwfis tpsq;fpr; nrayhw;Wtjw;F 5) r%f ,ilj;njhlu;Gfis NgZtjw;F 6) r%f Kuz;ghLfis jPu;g;gjw;F 7) khztu;fis r%fkag;gLj;Jtjw;F (iii) 1) ghlrhiy kw;Wk; tFg;giwfspd; r%f ,ay;Gfis tpsq;fpf; nfhs;sy; 2) ghlrhiy fyhrhuk; kw;Wk; mjd; ,ay;Gfis milahsk; fz;L nraw;gLjy; 3) tFg;giw khztu;fspd; njhlu;GfN; fhyq;fis ,dq;fz;L nrayhw;Wjy; 4) r%f kw;Wk; fyhrhu NtWghLfs; fy;tpr; nrad; Kiwapy; nrYj;Jk; nry;thfF; fis ,dq;fhzy; 5) khztu; ikaf;fw;gpj;jy; mZFKiwfisg; gadg; Lj;Jtjw;F 6) r%fj;jpy; cWg;gpdu; xUtiu ,d;ndhUtu; mwpe;J nfhs;sy;. 7) khztu;fspd; r%f gpd;dzpia mwpe;J nfhs;sy; N.Manoranjithan(Lecturer,JNCoE) 11 18/JNCOE/MA/T/F/3762 A.Mithuna

02. (i) jdpikg;gLj;jg;gl;ltu; / xJf;fg;gl;ltu; / Gwf;fzpf;fg;gll; tu; (ii) 1) gy;tif FOr;nraw;ghLfspy; <LgLj;Jjy; 2) tpisahl;Lr; nrad;Kiwfspy; <LgLj;Jjy; 3) ,izghltpjhd nraw;ghLfspy; <Lgl itj;jy; 4) njhlu;r;rpahd mtjhdpg;G 5) r%fkar; Nrhjid elhj;Jjy; 6) fyeJ; iuahly;fis Nkw;nfhsS; jy; (iii) 1) mtuJ ek;gpf;ifiag; ngw;Wf;nfhsS; k; tifapy; kfpo;rr; pfukhd nraw;ghLfspy; <LgLj;Jjy; 2) tpisahl;Lf;fspy; <Lglr; nra;jy; 3) ,izg;ghl tpjhdr;nraw;ghLfspy; <LgLj;Jjy; 4) ngw;Nwhu;fSf;F tpopg;Gzu;T toq;Fjy; 5) gy;NtW tplaq;fspy; <Lgl re;ju;g;gk; toq;Fjy; 6) nghOJ Nghf;F tplaq;fsh fij thrpj;jy;> gj;jpupif thrpj;jy;> Kj;jpiu xlL; jy;> ghly;fSfF; ,iraikj;jy Nghd;w nraw;ghLfspy; <Lglr; nra;jy;. 7) jiyikj;Jtk; toq;Fjy; 8) jpahdk;> kdxUepiyg;gLj;jYk; jpirg;gLj;jYk; Nghd;w gapw;rpfis toq;Fjy; 03. (i) 1) r%f ,af;fj;Jf;F> r%f epiyf;F ghjfkhf mikjy; 2) r%fj;jpd; ngUk;ghd;ikapdiug; ghjpf;Fk; gpur;rpid 3) r%fj;Jf;F csN; sNa jPu;T fhzf;$bajhapUj;jy; 4) r%fj;jpd; rhjuz epiyia mrhjhuz epiyf;F khw;wy;. (ii) 1) ,g;gUtj;jpduJ cly;> cs> czu;T ujP pahd khw;wk; 2) nghJrd Clfq;fspd; nry;thf;F 3) ,isQu; tpuf;jp kw;Wk; csg;ghjpg;G 4) md;G> fzpg;G> ghJfhg;G ,d;ik 5) #oy; jhf;fk; 6) rktaJf; FOtpdupd; jhff; k; (iii) 1) ghlj;ij fw;gpfF; k; NghJ ghlj;Jld; njhlu;Gila tpOkpa rpe;jidfs;> ed;elj;ijfisg; Nghjpj;jy; 2) tFg;giw> ghlrhiy kl;lj;jpy; Nghij xopg;G tpopg;Gzu;T Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fs; 3) ngw;Nwhu; tpopg;Gzu;T Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fs; 4) MNyhrid topfhl;ly; Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fs; 5) nghUj;jkhd ,izg;ghltpjhd nraw;ghLfs; 6) jpahdk;> kdxUepiyg;gLj;jYk; jpirg;gLj;jYk; Nghd;w gapw;rpfis toq;Fjy; 7) jdpkdpj r%f ghjpg;Gf;fis cjhuzq;fSld; vLj;Jf; $wy;. N.Manoranjithan(Lecturer,JNCoE) 12 18/JNCOE/MA/T/F/3762 A.Mithuna

04. (i) 1) RahjPdkhf cUthFjy; 2) jdpahs; ,ilj;njhlu;G fhzg;gly; 3) njhlu;r;rpahd njhlu;ig NgZjy; 4) ,ay;ghf xdW; Nruj; y; 5) gpupjYf;Fk; Nru;jYf;Fk; Rje;jpug;Nghf;F fhzg;gly; 6) Fwpj;j rl;ljpl;lq;fs; xOq;F mikg;Gf;F Vw;g miktjpy;iy 7) ,tw;wpd; xj;Jiog;Gj; jd;ik kpf cau;thdJ. 8) mq;fj;Jt cWjpg;ghL fpilahJ; 9) ngUk;ghYk; fye;Jiuahlypy; KbntLf;fg;gLk;. (ii) rhjfkhd nry;thf;F 1) jdpeguplk; fyhrhu elj;ijf; Nfhyq;fisf; flb; naOg;Gjy; 2) Mrpupau; kw;Wk; khztu;fSf;Fg; ghlrhiy [duQ;rfkhd ,lkhf mikjy; 3) xj;Jiog;G cjtp fhzg;gly; 4) FOf;fspd; nraw;ghl;il tYg;gLj;jy;. Eg:- ,e;Jkd;wk; 5) Kiwrhu; FOf;fspd; nraw;ghl;il tYg;gLj;jy;. ghjfkhd nry;thfF; 1) rk;gpujhaj;JfF; nghUe;jhj elj;ijfs; 2) ghlrhiy nraw;ghLfSf;F ghjfkhf nraw;gly; ( ghlrhiy rl;ljpl;lq;fis gpd;gw;whik. ) 3) fw;wYf;F tpUg;gkpd;ik 4) fw;wYf;F jilahf mikfpd;wik 5) mehtrpakhd Nghl;bfis Vw;gLj;jp Kuz;ghLfs; Nkhjy;fSf;F tpj;jply;. 6) Kiwrhu;e;j mikg;Gf;F rthy; tpLjy; (iii) 1) epWtd tpUj;jpf;fhf xd;wpize;J Ntiy nra;jy; 2) tsg;gad;ghL caupa kl;lj;jpy; fhzg;gly; 3) nghOJNghf;F> kfpo;r;rpfukhd nraw;ghLfs; fhzg;gly; 4) gy;tifg; ghlnewpfs; %yk; ngWk; mDgtk; N.Manoranjithan(Lecturer,JNCoE) 13 18/JNCOE/MA/T/F/3762 A.Mithuna

gFjp Ⅱ 05. (i) fy;tpapD}lhf r%fj;jpy; khw;wk; Vw;gly; ,d;iwa etdP Afj;jpy; fy;tpf;fhd midj;J tha;g;G> trjpfs; kw;Wk; re;ju;g;gq;fs; vd;gd jpwe;J tplg;glL; s;sd. xUtu; Jiwnahd;wpy; my;yJ gy Jiwfspy; Mokhf fhy; gjpf;f ,J toptFj;Jss; J. r%f khw;wj;jpid topelj;JtjpYk; gpujhd gq;F fy;tpf;F cz;L. xU ehl;bd; r%f nghUshjhu Nkk;ghl;bw;F fy;tp nfhs;iffs; gq;fspg;G nra;fpd;wd. ,f; fy;tp nfhs;iffis eilKiwg;gLj;Jtjd; %yk; Gjpa mwptpay; tpQ;Qhd njhopDl;g mwpT Vw;gl;L Vw;fdNt cs;s r%f fll; ikg;gpy; khw;wq;fs; Vw;gLfpd;wd. ,e;j khw;wk; fy;tpapdhy; Vw;gl;lJ MFk;. r%f khw;wq;fs; fy;tp mikg;gpy; khw;wj;ij Vw;gLj;jy;. ,d;iwa fhyf;fl;lj;jpy; tpQ;QhdKk; njhopEl;gKk; mjpNtfj;jpy; tsu;r;rpaile;Jss; J. mjhtJ jw;fhyj;jpy; fzdp> Smart Phone iag; gad;gLj;jp fy;tp fw;fg;gLfpwJ. mtt; hwhd epiyapy; fy;tpapy; tpQ;Qhdk;> jfty; njhopEl;gk; Mfpatw;wpy; mjpf khw;wk; Vw;gl;Ls;sJ. MfNt r%f khw;wq;fs; fy;tp mikg;gpy; khw;wj;ij Vw;gLj;jy;. (ii) 1) kdpj cupikfs; gw;wpa mwpT 2) njhopy;El;gj;ij gpioawg; gadg; Lj;JtJ gw;wpa mwpT 3) njhw;wh Neha;fs; gw;wpa tpla mwpT 4) Nghijg;nghUs; ghtid> r%fg;gpur;rpid Nghd;wd 5) nkd;jpwd; tpUj;jp 6) #oy; Neaf;fy;tp 7) r%f Clfq;fspd; gad;ghL 8) Fw;wtpay; eltbfi; f Kiw 9) gy;fyhrhuk; 10) mdu;j;j Kfhikj;Jtk; 11) G+Nfhskakhff; k; 12) fhyepiykhw;wk; (iii) Mrpupau; 1) njhopy;El;g ghtid kw;Wk; njhopy;El;g ghtidapy; khztiu <LgLj;Jjy; 2) Gjpa mwpitj; NjLjy; 3) Ranjhopy; tpUj;jp 4) nkd;jpwd; tpUj;jp 5) Mf;fj;jpwd; tpUj;jp 6) Mrpupaiu Gj;jhff; r; nraw;ghLfspy; <LgLj;jy;. khztu; 1) Gjpa tplaq;fis gy;tif Clfq;fs; Clhfj; NjLjy; 2) nkd;jpwd; tpUj;jp 3) nghJrd Clfg;gadg; hL 4) r%f tsq;fisg; gad;gLj;Jjy; 5) Rafw;wy; 6) Gj;jhff; r; nraw;ghL N.Manoranjithan(Lecturer,JNCoE) 14 18/JNCOE/MA/T/F/3762 A.Mithuna

06. (i) gpur;rpid : fy;tpapy; rk re;ju;g;gk; ,d;ik> ghFghL fhl;lg;gLfpd;wik jPu;T : fy;tpapy; rk tha;g;ig Vw;gLj;Jjy; (ii) 1) fy;tp Kiwikf;Fs; Eiojy; (ghlrhiyg; gpuNtrk;) 2) fy;tpf;fhd tsg;ghtid (trjp> tha;g;Gf;fs;) 3) ghlnewpj; njupT 4) fy;tpapd; gaid ngwy;. (jdpahu;Jiw> cau;tUkhdk;) 5) fy;tpia ngWk; fhy msT 6) nghUshjhuj;jpy; cau;T 7) njhopy; NtWghL 8) ghlrhiyj;njupT 9) r%f me;j];J cau;thd gps;isfSf;F ghlrhiyapy; KdD; upik fpilj;jy; (iii) 1) tsg;ghtid ghlrhiyapypUf;Fk; tsq;fis rkkhf gfpuj; y;. 2) FOj;njupT FOf;fisj; njupT nra;Ak; NghJ r%fg;gy;tifikiaf; fUj;jpy; nfhz;L gutyhfg; gfpuj; y;. mjhtJ kj;jpa];juk;> gpd;jq;fpa khztu;fs; vd vy;NyhiuAk; ,izf;fj;jf;f tifapy; gpupj;jy;. 3) tsg;gfpu;T ghlrhiyf;fpilNa / tFg;giwfSf;fpilNa / khztu;fSf;fpilNa fw;wy; fw;gpj;jy; tsq;fis rkdhfg; gfpu;jy;. Eg :- 6 k; tFg;gpy; fzpj ghlk; fw;gpfF; k; Mrpupau; Nfhzk; rk;ke;jkhf gbg;gpf;fpwhu;. tll; thup> ghifkhdp> mbkl;lk; Nghd;w fw;gpj;jy; cgfuzq;fs; NjitfN; fw;g khztu;fSf;F rkdhf gfpue; ;J nfhLj;jy;. 07. (i) 1) tfpghfk; KdD; upik xOq;fpy; nraw;gly; 2) NjitfSf;Fj; jf;fjhf tfpghf vjpu;ghu;g;Gff; is khw;wpaikj;jy; 3) tfpghfj;JfF; nghUj;jkhd nraw;fpukq;fis eilKiwg;gLj;Jjy; 4) rka> r%f fyhrhu epfo;Tfspy; rupahd njspitg; ngwy;. (ii) 1) Gjpa njhopy;El;g gadg; hL 2) khztu; ika mZFKiwf;F Kf;fpaj;Jtk; 3) mjpf vz;zpf;ifahd khztu;fSf;F fw;gpj;jy; 4) guPl;ir KiwfSf;F mjpf Kf;fpaj;Jtk; 5) ,izghltpjhd nraw;ghLfSf;F mjpf Kf;fpaj;Jtk; (iii) 1) tFg;giwia cstpay; fz;Nzhll; j;Jld; nraw;gLj;jy; 2) kjpg;gPl;lhsu;> topfhl;Lgtu;> trjpfis Vw;gLj;Jgtu;> tsthsu; Nghd;w tfpghfq;fSld; nrayhw;Wjy; 3) KO ghlrhiy njhlu;gpy; mjpgupd; jdpj;Jtj;ij Vw;Wf;nfhss; y; 4) ghlrhiy rfy nraw;ghLfspYk; gq;Fgw;wy;> gq;fhsuhjy; 5) gps;isfis r%fkag;gLj;Jk; gzpfspy; <Lgly;. 6) jiyikj;Jtk;. N.Manoranjithan(Lecturer,JNCoE) 15 18/JNCOE/MA/T/F/3762 A.Mithuna

08. (i) 1) Nra;ikj; jd;ik 2) r%fj; jd;ikfis tpsq;fpf; nfhs;shik 3) r%fj; Njitfis epiwNtw;whik 4) rKjhaj;jpdUf;fhf jpwe;J tplg;glhik 5) r%fj;jpw;F nghUj;jg;ghlw;w tplaq;fs; ,lk;ngWfpd;wik (ii) 1) rKjha fy;tpj; Njitfis epiwT nra;fpd;wik 2) r%f tpUj;jpf;F cjTjy; 3) r%f tpUj;jpf;F ghlrhiy tsq;fisg; gadg; Lj;Jjy; 4) ngw;Nwhu;fSf;F nghUj;jkhd topfhl;ly; Nritfis toq;Fjy; 5) rKjhaj;Jf;Fg; nghUe;Jk; tifapy; tsq;fisg; nghUj;jkhfg; gadg; Lj;Jjy; 6) Rfhjhu Kfhk;fis elhj;Jjy; 7) rpukjhdr; nraw;ghLfis elhj;Jjy; 8) mdu;j;jq;fs; r%fg; gpur;rpid njhlu;ghf tpopg;Gzu;it Vw;gLj;jy;. ( fUj;juq;F> fz;fhlr; p> ehlfk; ) 9) r%fj;jpw;Fupa njhopw;fy;tp toq;Fjy; (iii) tpsff; k; mdu;j;jq;fs; r%fg; gpur;rpid njhlu;ghf tpopg;Gzu;it Vw;gLj;jy;.(fUj;juq;F> fz;fhl;rp> ehlfk; ) :- r%fj;jpy; kf;fs; kdjpy; ,lk;ngwf;$ba tifapy; fUg;nghUis ikakhff; nfhz;L ehlfq;fs;> fUj;juq;Ffs>; fz;fhlr; pfs; elhj;Jjy;. mjhtJ mdu;j;jk; xdW; Vw;gLkhapd; mjw;F Kd>; mdu;j;jj;jpw;F gpd; nra;a Ntz;bait gw;wp mwpTWj;jy;. r%f tpUj;jpf;F ghlrhiy tsq;fisg; gadg; Lj;Jjy; :- ikjhdj;ij r%fj; NjitfSf;fhf toq;fy;. Eg :- xU fpuhkj;jpy; tpisahl;L ikjhdk; ,y;iynadpd; ghlrhiy tpisahl;L ikjhdj;ij ghlrhiy Neuk; jtpu;e;j Vida Neuq;fspy; toq;Fjy;. N.Manoranjithan(Lecturer,JNCoE) 16 18/JNCOE/MA/T/F/3762 A.Mithuna

fw;gpj;jypy; Njrpa bg;Nshkh ,Wjpg; guPl;ir – 2017(2018) (02) fy;tp r%ftpay; - tpdhj;jhs; Ⅰ  1 njhlf;fk; 10 tiuahd tpdhf;fspy; jug;gl;Ls;s xt;nthU $w;wpdJk; ,ilntspf;Fg; nghUj;jkhd nrhw;fis ,l;L G+uzg;gLj;Jf. 1. fy;tpr; r%ftpaypd; gpujhd ,yf;fhf miktJ ------------ vjpu;ghug;GfSf;F mikthf fy;tp;r; nrad;Kiwia topg;gLj;JtjhFk;. 2. VNjDnkhU r%fnkhd;wpd; xl;Lnkhj;j ----------- “fyhrr; huk;” vdyhk;. 3. nghJf; fyhr;rhuj;ijr; rhu;e;j rpwg;ghd ,ay;Gfs; rpytw;wpy; khWgl;l FOkk; --------- ,y; mlfF; k;. 4. r%f ,ilnjhlu;Gfspy; rl;lk; , epakq;fs; Mfpatw;iw Vw;W , jdpegu; elj;ijf; Nfhyj;jpy; Vw;gLk; mgptpUj;jp ----------- vdg;gLk;. 5. r%ff; FOknkhd;wpd; $l;lhd czu;T , egu;fspd; xw;Wik , njhlu;Gfs; Nghd;w Kf;fpa ,ay;Gfs; Mf miktJ --------- MFk; 6. 2005 ,y; --------------- ghlk; ,yq;ifg; ghlrhiyfSf;fhd fiyj;jpl;lj;jpy; css; lf;fg;gl;lJ r%f khw;wq;fSf;F ,irthjypd; NgWfshFk;. 7. Idehaf r%fj;jpy; r%f efu;tpid Vw;gLj;Jk; gpujhd Kiwahf ----------- mike;Jss; J. 8. jw;NghJ efukakhff; k; kw;Wk; ru;tNjrj; njhlu;Gfs; Mfpad tpupthf;fk; ngw;wikahy; ---- ----- r%fj;jpd; Njit ghlrhiyr; r%fj;jpd; kPJ typAj;jg;gLfpwJ. 9. tFg;giwf; fw;wy;-fw;gpj;jy; nrad;KiwNahL ,ize;j Mrpupau; tfpghfj;ij Vwg;gLj;Jtjpy; Neubahfr; nry;thfF; r; nrYj;Jk; r%ff; fhuzpahf tpsq;FtJ --------- vjpu;ghu;g;ghFk;. 10. NtiyAyfpw;Fg; gad;jUjd;ik nfhz;lJk; tpidj;jpwdhdJkhd EioTf;F mbg;gilahf miktJ mjDld; njhlu;ghd Nju;r;rpfs; nfhz;l egu;fis cUthf;Ftjw;fhd ------------ KiwahFk;. (01 × 10 = 10 Gs;spfs;) N.Manoranjithan(Lecturer,JNCoE) 17 18/JNCoE/MA/T/F/3731 N.Keerthana

 11 njhlf;fk; 20 tiuahd xtn; thU tpdhTf;Fk; cupa rupahd tpiliaf; Fwpj;J epw;Fk; ,yf;fj;ij vjpNuAs;s milg;Gf;FwpapDs; vOJf. 11. fy;tpr; r%ftpaiyf; fw;gjd; %ykhf ,yq;if Mrpupau; tfpghfj;Jf;F Neubahf (-------) fpilfF; k; gad; my;yhjJ gpd;tUtdtw;Ws; vJ? 1) khztu; thOk; r%fr; #oiy ruptu ,dq;fhzy;. 2) r%ff; FO vd;w tifapy; khztupilNa css; njhlu;Gfisr; Nrhjpj;jy; 3) vjpu;fhyf; nfhs;iffis tFj;jy; 4) Mrpupa , khzt , r%fj; njhlu;Gfis tYg;gLj;jy; 12. gpd;tUtdtw;Ws; fy;tpr; r%ftpaYf;fhd ajhu;j;jg+ut; khd tiutpyf;fzkhf mikAk; $w;W vJ? 1) kdpjdpd; $l;lhd nray; gw;wpa tpQ;Qhd ujP pahd fw;ifahFk; 2) kdpju;fSf;fpilapyhd tho;f;if njhlu;ghd tpQ;QhdkhFk;. 3) fy;tp epWtdq;fSf;fpilapyhd nrad;Kiw gw;wpa fw;ifahFk;. 4) fy;tpr; nradKiwapy; eilngWk; $l;lhd nrad;Kiw njhlu;ghd fw;ifahFk;. (--------) 13. r%fkag;gLj;jy; El;gKiwfis kl;Lk; nfhz;l tpil vJ? 1) khjpup , Nghyrn; ra;jy; , ntFkjp kw;Wk; ghuhl;L 2) ntFkjp kw;Wk; jz;lid , MNyhrid $wy; , Raelj;ijahf;fpf; nfhs;sy;. 3) fw;g;gpj;jy; , khjpup , mfatag;gLj;jy;. 4) MNyhrid $wy; , milahsg;gLj;jy; , njhopy;thz;ikg;gLj;jy;. (---------) 14. tFg;giwapy; khztu; - khztu; ,ilnjhlu;Gfis tsu;ff; g; gadg; Lj;jj;jf;f (-------) fw;wy;Kiwfs; vdg; gulP ;r;rhj;jp xUtuhy; fzpf;fg;gl;l tpilfs; tUkhW:  tpdTjy;(questioning)  gpur;rpid jPu;j;jy;  FO Kiwf; fw;wy;(group learning)  fyeJ; iuahly; Kiw  rfghbf; fw;wy;(peer learning) ,tw;Ws; kpfg;nghUj;jkhd tpilfisf; nfhz;l njupitj; njupT nra;f. 1) gpur;rpid jPu;j;jy; , fye;Jiuahly; Kiw 2) fyeJ; iuahly; Kiw , tpdTjy; 3) FO Kiwf; fw;wy; , rfghbf; fw;wy; 4) gpur;rpid jPu;j;jy; , FO Kiwf; fw;wy; 15. ,yq;ifapy; ,isQu;fs; mikjpapd;ik gw;wpa r%fg; gpur;rpidiaf; Fiwg;gjw;F fy;tpapd; gq;fspg;ig kpf ntw;wpfukhf toq;Ftjw;F Nkw;nfhss; j;jf;f eltbfi; fiaj; njupT nra;f. 1) ghlrhiyapy; rpj;jp ngwhNjhiu kPz;Lk; itj;jpUj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. 2) gy;fiyf;fofj;jpw;fhd njupT Kiwia khw;wp mikf;f Ntz;Lk;. 3) tpOkpaf; fw;wy; kw;Wk; nkd;jpwd;fs; Mfpad tof;fpg; gl Ntz;Lk;. 4) ,ilepiyf;fytpapd; nrad;Kiw ujP pahfTk; njhopy; uPjpahdJkhd Kidg;G Vw;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;. (-------) N.Manoranjithan(Lecturer,JNCoE) 18 18/JNCoE/MA/T/F/3731 N.Keerthana

16. r%ftpay; fUj;juq;nfhd;wpy; , fy;tp kw;Wk; r%f khw;wkk; Mfpadtw;Wf; ,ilapyhd njhlu;G gw;wp rku;g;gpf;fg;gl;l $w;Wfs; rpy tUkhW: A - fy;tpf;Fk; r%f khw;wq;fSf;fpilapy; Neubj; njhlu;G fhzg;gLtJ mtrpakdW; . B - fy;tp %ykhf r%f khw;wq;fis Vw;gLj;jyhk;. C - r%f khw;wq;fSf;F Vw;g fy;tpia khw;wkilar; nra;a Ntz;Lk;. D -Ml;rpahsupdhy; kl;LNk fy;tp %ykhf r%f khw;wq;fis Vw;gLj;j KbAk;. NkYs;s $w;Wf;fSs; kpfr; rupahd $w;Wfs; mlq;fpa tpiliaj; njupT nra;f. 1) A , B Mfpad kl;Lk; 2) A , B Mfpad kl;Lk; 3) C ,D Mfpad kl;Lk; 4) A , B Mfpad kl;Lk; (-------) 17. jw;Nghija r%fg; gilahf;fj;ijf;(Stratification) fw;Fk;NghJ kpfg; nghUj;jkhd epajpfs; mlq;fpa tpil vJ ? 1) fy;tp kl;lk; , njhopy; kl;lk; , tUkhdk; 2) fy;tp kl;lk; , rhjp , ,dk; (-------) 3) njhopy; kl;lk; , tUkhdk; , ,dk; 4) tUkhdk; , rkak; , ,dk; 18. “ghlrhiyf;F tUfpd;w gps;is jd;Dld; jdJ ngw;NwhiuAk; ghlrhiyf;F vLj;J tUfpd;whd;.” ,e;jf; $w;wpid rupahf tpsf;Fk; tpiliaj; njupT nra;f. 1) ghlrhiyf;Fg; ngw;NwhNu gpsi; sfis toq;Ffpd;wik. 2) tlP ;by; ngw;Wf; nfhz;l ek;gpf;iffs; , ngWkhdq;fs; mwpT Mfpatw;Wld; $bajhf gps;is ghlrhiyf;F tUfpd;wik. 3) tlP ;bypUe;J gps;isfsJ mbg;gilj; Njitfs; g+u;j;jp nra;ag;gl;L mDg;gg;gLfpd;wik 4) ghlrhiyapd; mgptpUj;jpr; nraw;ghLfSf;Fg; ngw;NwhuJ mDruid , gqF; ngw;wy; Mfpad mj;jpahtrpakhfpd;wik. (-------) 19. Mrpupaupd; tfpghfq;fSf;F ,ilapyhd Kuz;ghLfSf;F (confiction) cjhuzkhf Mrpupa khztnuhUtu; Fwpg;gpl;l tpilfSs; kpfr; rpwej; tpsf;fj;ij njupT nra;f. 1) Mrpupau; , jha; MfpNahupd; tfpghfq;fis xd;whfr; nraw;gLj;jy;. 2) MrpupauJ MSikg; gz;Gfs; Mrpupau; njhopYld; nghUj;jkilahjpUj;jy; 3) Mrpupau; njupT nra;ag;gl;l khztu; Fohj;jpw;F kl;Lk; tpNrl ftdk; nrYj;jy;. 4) Mrpupaj; njhopypd; vjpu;ghu;g;G kw;Wk; jkJ jdpg;gll; vjpu;ghu;g;G Mfpatw;wpw;fpilapyhd nghUj;jg;ghby;yhjpUj;jy;. (--------) 20. gpd;tUtdtw;Ws; g+Nfhskakhjy; vkJ ehl;Lf; fy;tpapy; nry;thfF; r; nrYj;jpAs;sJ vd;gij cWjpg;gLj;Jk; re;ju;g;gk; vJ? 1) Xuplj;jpypUe;J gpwpNjhU ,lj;JfF; nghUl;fSk; NritfSk; FWfpa fhyj;jpy; nfhz;L nry;yg;gly;. 2) tpahghuk; kw;Wk; nghUl;fs; gy;tifikahf;fj;jpw;F cl;gl;bUj;jy;. 3) gy;Y}lfj;jpd; thapyhf fy;tpiag; ngwy;. 4) RNjr rpe;jid kw;Wk; fyhr;rhuk; Mfpad fiyj;jpl;lj;jpypUe;J ePf;fg;gly;. (-------) (01 × 10 = 10 Gs;spfs;) N.Manoranjithan(Lecturer,JNCoE) 19 18/JNCoE/MA/T/F/3731 N.Keerthana

 21 njhlf;fk; 30 tiuahd tpdhff; Sf;Fr; RUf;fkhd tpil jUf. 21. 1960fspd; gpd;du; r%ftpaypy; NtWgLj;jp ,izf;fg;glL; s;s gpujhd ghlj;Jiwfs; ,uz;ilg; ngaupLf. I. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… II. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 22. ghlrhiyapdhy; fyhr;rhuj;jpidg; nghWg;gspg;gjw;F eilKiwg;gLj;jg;gLk; gpujhd topKiwfs; ,uz;ilf; Fwpg;gLf? I. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… II. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 23. r%fkag;gLj;jw; fhuzpfis tifg;gLj;jf; $ba gpujhd gpupTfs; ,uz;ilf; Fwpg;gpLf I. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… II. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 24. r%ff; FOkj;jpd; %yk; Nkw;nfhss; g;gLk; jdpahs; kw;Wk; r%fj; Njitfs; ,uz;ilf; Fwpg;gpf. I. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… II. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 25. r%f khw;wq;fSf;F mika fiyj;jpl;lj;jpid khw;Wk; NghJ gpur;rpid vof;$ba Jiwfs; ,uz;ilf; Fwpg;gpLf. I. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. II. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 26. gz;ila Mrpupaupd; r%f tfpghfj;jpy; cs;slq;fpa gpujhd nraw;ghLfs; ,uz;ilf; Fwpg;gpLf I. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. II. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 27. ghy;epiy r%fthjj;JfF; Vw;whw; Nghy; ele;J nfhs;Sk; tFg;giw Mrpupaupd; gzpfs; ,uz;ilf; Fwpg;gpLf. I. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… II. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 28. rktaJf; FOf;fs;(peer grcups) %ykhf fl;bisikg; gUt khztu;fspy; Vw;gLj;jg;gLk; ghjfkhd nry;thff; pidf; Fiwg;gjw;fhf Mrpupaupdhy; Nkw;nfhss; f; $ba eltbfi; ffs; ,uz;L jUf. I. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. II. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. N.Manoranjithan(Lecturer,JNCoE) 20 18/JNCoE/MA/T/F/3731 N.Keerthana

29. r%fj; njhlu;Gfs; tYthfTs;s ghlrhiynahd;wpy; fhzj;jf;f gpujhd ,ay;Gfs; ,uz;il vOJf. I. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… II. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 30. r%fj;jpy; rpWtu; kPjhd td;Kiwfisf; Fiwg;gjw;F Nkw;nfhss; f; $ba eltbf;iffs; ,uz;ilf; Fwpg;gpLf. I. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… II. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… (02 × 10 = 20 Gs;spfs;) N.Manoranjithan(Lecturer,JNCoE) 21 18/JNCoE/MA/T/F/3731 N.Keerthana

(02) fy;tpr; r%ftpay; - tpdhj;jhs; Ⅱ  xt;nthU gFjpapypUe;Jk; Fiwe;jgl;rk; ,U tpdhf;fNsapDk; njupe;njLj;J Ie;J tpdhf;fSf;F tpil vOJf.  xt;nthU tpdhtpdJk; (i),(ii),(iii) Mfpa gFjpfspd; rupahd tpilfSf;F KiwNa 02,04,06 vd;wthW Gs;spfs; toq;fg;gLk;. gFjp Ⅰ 1. “kdpj rKjhaj;ij tpyq;F rKjhaj;jpypUe;J NtWgLj;Jk; gpujhd fhuzp fyhrr; hukhFk;.” I. fyhrr; huj;jpd; jd;ikfs; ,uz;ilf; Fwpg;gpLf. II. fyhrr; huj;ijg; nghWg;gspg;gjpy; Kiwapy; fy;tp njhlu;GWk; tpjj;ij ,uz;L tplaq;fspD}lhf Muha;f. III. ghlrhiy %ykhf fyhr;rhuj;ijg; nghWg;gspf;Fk; gzp rhu;e;j Mrpupa tfpghfj;ij ,uz;L Jiwfspd; fPo; cjhuzq;fSld; tpsf;Ff. 2. jdpg;gll; tho;f;ifapypUe;J r%f tho;f;iff;Fk; jdpg;gll; tho;f;ifapypUe;J $lL; tho;f;iff;Fk; gapw;Wtpf;Fk; xl;Lnkhj;jr; nrad;KiwNa r%fkakhf;fkhFk;” I. r%fkaf; fhuzpfs; %yk; fpilf;Fk; mDgtq;fspid mtw;wpd; typik mbg;gilapy; njhlu; tupiapy; Fwpg;gpLf. II. khztiu r%fkag;gLj;Jtjpy; ghlrhiy gad;gLj;Jk; fhuzpfs; ehd;ifr; rku;g;gpf;Ff. III. ,yq;ifr; r%fj;jpy; mjpfstpy; fhzg;gLk; r%fg; gpur;rpidfs; ,uz;ilg; ngaupl;L , mtw;Ws; xU r%fg; gpur;rpidia ,optsthfF; jy; njhlu;ghf MrpupauJ gzpfis cjhuzq;fs; %ykhf tpsf;Ff. 3. fPNo jug;gl;l MrpupauJ Jyq;fy; Fwpg;ig ed;F thrpj;J tpsq;fpf; nfhs;f. “ tFg;giwapy; khztu;fSf;fpilNa fhzg;gLk; r%fj; njhlu;Gfis ,dq;fhz;gjw;fhf khztUld; fyeJ; iuahb, mtjhdpg;Gfis ntspf;nfhzu Kaw;rpj;j NghJk;, mJ Kbahkw;Nghdjhy; kpfr; Nrhu;Tw;W ,Ue;j vdf;F r%fkhdr; Nrhjid Kiwapay; kpf Kf;fpakhf mike;jJ.” I. “r%fkhd Nrhjid” Kiwia r%ftpay; uPjpahf mwpKfQ;nra;f. II. mtjhdpg;gpd; %yKk; tpdh vOg;Gjy; %yKk; khztuJ ,ilj;njhlu;Gfis ,dq;fhz;gij tpl r%fkhd Nrhjid Kiwapay; mjpfk; tpQ;Qhd g+ut; khf miktJ vt;thW vd;gij ,uz;L tplaq;fspD}lhf Muha;f. III. r%fkhd Nrhjid Kiwapay; %yk; ngwg;gl;l juTfspd; mbg;gilapy; jhd; tpUk;Gfpd;w NghjpYk; gpwu; xUtUk; jd;kPJ tpUg;gj;ijf; fhz;gpf;fhj khztdpd; ,ilj;njhlu;Gfis tsu;g;gjw;Fg; gadg; Lj;Jk; nraw;ghLfs; ,uz;il cjhuzq;fSld; tpsf;Ff. N.Manoranjithan(Lecturer,JNCoE) 22 18/JNCoE/MA/T/F/3731 N.Keerthana

4. “tFg;giwahdJ Kiwrhu; r%f FOkk; vd;w NghjpYk; mjpy; Kiwapy; FOf;fs; cUthtjid jtpu;ff; KbahJ.” I. Kiwrhu; r%ff; FOkk; vd;w tifapy; tFg;giwnahd;wpy; fhzg;gLk; ,ay;Gfs; ,uz;ilf; Fwpg;gpLf. II. ghlrhiyapy; Kiwapy; FOf;fs; Vw;gLtjpy; nry;thfF; nrYj;Jk; fhuzpfs; ,uz;il Muha;f. III. ghlj;Jf;F nghWg;ghd Mrpupau; vd;w tifapy; tFg;giwapy; cs;s Kiwapy; FOf;fis fw;wy;-fw;gpj;jy; nrad;Kiwapd; ntw;wpf;nfd gadg; Lj;Jk; tpjj;ij cjhuzq;fs; ,uz;bd; %yk; tpsfF; f. gFjp Ⅱ 5. “r%fk; ,aq;F jd;ik nfhz;ljhf miktJld; r%f khw;wq;fs; Vw;gLtJ midj;J r%fq;fSf;Fk; nghJthdjhFk;.” I. r%f khw;wq;fs; vd;gij r%ftpay; uPjpahf tiuaWf;f. II. r%f khw;wq;fspy; nry;thfF; nrYj;Jk; fhuzpfs; ehd;ifg; ngaupLf. III. vjpu;fhy r%f khw;wq;fSf;nfd ,yq;if Mrpupaupd; gzpfspy; Vw;gl Ntz;ba khw;wq;fs; ,uz;il Fwpg;gpLf 6. “tFg;giw vdg;gLtJ r%fg; gy;tifikapy; xw;Wikia vLj;Jff; hl;Lk; ,lkhFk;” I. tFg;giwapy; r%f gy;tifik gpujpepjpj;Jtg;gLj;Jk; ,ay;Gfs; ,uz;ilf; Fwpg;gpLf. II. r%f tFg;gpd; Mjpf;fk;, fw;wy;-fw;gpj;jy; nrad;Kiwapy; nry;thf;Fr; nrYj;Jk; tpjj;ij ,uz;L fhuzpfspd; cjtpAld; Muha;f. III. r%f gy;tifikia kjpj;J fw;wy;-fw;gpj;jiy elhj;Jk; NghJ ghlj;Jf;F nghWg;ghd Mrpupau; vd;w tifapy; iff;nfhsS; k; ,uz;L eltbfi; ffis cjhuzq;fspd; cjtpAld; tpsfF; f. 7. “Njrpa fy;tpf; nfhs;if ehl;bd; fy;tpapd; mbg;giliaf; Fwpj;J epw;Fk.;” I. “Njrpa fy;tpf; nfhs;if” vd;gijr; RUf;fkhf mwpKfQ; nra;f. II. Njrpa fy;tpf; nfhs;ifiaj; jahupf;Fk; NghJ ftdj;jpw; nfhs;s Ntz;ba fhuzpfs; ehd;if ,yq;ifia mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L Fwpg;gpLf. III. Njrpa fy;tpf; nfhs;iff;F Vw;whw; Nghy; eltbf;ifnaLf;Fk; NghJ , ,yq;if MrpupaUf;Fs;s nghWg;Gf;fis ,uz;L cjhuzq;fspd; %yk; tpsfF; f. 8. ”r%fj; njhlu;Gfs; mw;w ghlrhiy Nghd;Nw r%f mgptpUj;jpapy; <Lglhj ghlrhiyapd; epiyNgW epr;rpakw;wjhFk;” I. ghlrhiyr; r%fj;ij ,dq;fhZk; NghJ Kf;fpakhf mikAk; fhuzpfs; ,uz;ilg; ngaupLf. II. jw;fhy ghlrhiy kw;Wk; r%fk; Mfpatw;wpw;fpilapyhd njhlu;Gfs; tpupryiltjpy; nry;thfF; r; nrYj;Jk; fhuzpfs; ehd;ifr; rku;g;gpf;f. III. r%fj; njhlu;Gfs; kpff; Fiwthf css; ghlrhiynahd;wpy; Gjpa Mrpupauhf epakdk; ngw;w ePu; r%fj; njhlu;Gfis topg;gLj;Jtjw;F Nkw;nfhsS; k; nraw;ghLfs; ,uz;il cjhuzq;fSld; tpsf;Ff. N.Manoranjithan(Lecturer,JNCoE) 23 18/JNCoE/MA/T/F/3731 N.Keerthana

tpilfs; tpdhj;jhs; -Ⅰ 1) r%f 2) tho;f;if Kiw / tho;f;iff; Nfhyk; 3) Jizf; fyhrhuk; / cg fyhrhuk; 4) r%fkakhff; y; / r%f ,irthf;fy; / r%f ,iaghf;fk; 5) md;dpNahd;a njhlu;G / FO ,ilj;njhlu;G 6) ,lu; mdu;j;j Kfhikj;Jtk; 7) fy;tp 8) cyfshtpa / rut; Njr / g+Nfhs 9) khztu; / fw;Nghu; 10) ghlrhiy / fy;tp 11) 03 12) 04 13) 02 14) 03 15) 04 16) 02 17) 01 18) 02 19) 01 20) 03 21)  Nfhl;ghL r%ftpay;. (J}a r%ftpay;)  gpuNahf r%ftpay;. 22)  fiyj;jpl;lr; nraw;ghLfs;.  ,izg;ghltpjhdr; nraw;ghLfs;.  rkak; rhu; nraw;ghLfs;.  kiwf; fiyj;jpl;lr; nraw;ghLffs;.  r%fk; rhu; nraw;ghLfs;  nghJr; Nritfs; N.Manoranjithan(Lecturer,JNCoE) 24 18/JNCoE/MA/T/F/3731 N.Keerthana

23) Kjd;ikf; fhuzpfs;. (Muk;gf; fhuzpfs;)  FLk;gk;  ez;gu;fs;  r%fk; Jizf; fhuzpfs.;  ghlrhiy  epWtdq;fs; Gwf; fhuzpfs;.  ntFrd Clfq;fs;  gj;jpupif 24)  r%f epiyg;G.  jdpahs; milahsj;ij cWjpg;gLj;jy;.  Ra jpwdpay; Njit. 25)  fiyj;jpl;lj;ij jpl;lkpLk; NghJ.  tpla css; lf;fq;fisj; njupT nra;Ak; NghJ.  fiyj;jpl;l mKyhff; j;jpd; NghJ.  tsq;fisg; ngw;Wf;nfhsS; k; NghJ.  kjpg;gply;, fzpg;gply; fUkq;fspd; NghJ. 26)  r%f jiyikj;Jtk;.  r%f topfhl;ly; / MNyhrid $wy;.  mwpitg; gfpuj; y;.  gpur;rpidj; jPu;j;jy;.  KdD; jhuzkhfr; nraw;gly;.  gbf;Fk; tuf; ;fj;jpdiu cUthf;Fjy;. 27)  Mz,; ngz; NtWghbd;wp nrayhw;Wjy;  rkkhf elj;Jjy,; nghWg;Gf;fis rkkhf mspj;jy;  NtWghL fhl;lhik.  Njitfis NtWghLfspd;wp epiwNtw;wy;.  FOr;nraw;ghLfspy; <Lgl tply;. 28)  rktaJf; FOtpdupd; czu;Tfs;, Njitfs;, mgpyhirfis tpsf;fp nrayhw;Wjy;.  Xa;T Neuq;fis gaDilajhf fopf;f topfhl;Ljy;.  nghUj;jkhd MNyhrid topfhl;lyf; is toq;Fjy;.  gpur;rpidfSf;F cldb jPu;itg; ngw;Wf; nfhLj;jy;. N.Manoranjithan(Lecturer,JNCoE) 25 18/JNCoE/MA/T/F/3731 N.Keerthana

29)  maw; rKjhaj;Jld; ,zf;fkhd, tYthd ,ilj;njhlu;G fhzg;gLk;.  rKjha tsq;fs; rpwg;ghfg; gad;gLj;jg;gLk.;  rKjhaj;jpd; gq;fspg;G Fiwtpd;wp fpilfF; k;.  rKjha kjpg;ig ghlrhiy ngw;wpUf;Fk;.  r%fj;jpdhy; tpNrl nraw;ghLfspd; NghJ cjtp fpilj;jy; 30)  rpWtu; J];gpuNahfk; njhlu;gpyhd tpopg;Gzu;T Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fis nraw;gLj;jy;.  ngw;NwhUf;fhd MNyhrid topfhl;ly; Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fisr; nraw;gLj;jy;  Aj;jk;, tu;f;f Kuz;ghL njhlu;ghf tpopg;g+l;ly;  kdg;ghq;F, tpUj;jpr; nraw;ghLfis Kd;ndLj;jy;.  r%f tiyj; jsq;fspd; gpioahd gz;ghLfisj; jLj;jy;.  Ra ghJfhg;gpw;fhd tpopg;Gzu;Tfis toq;fy;  gFjp Ⅱ 01. (i)  fyhrr; huk; guptu;j;jidf;Fupj;jhdJ(ehl;Lf;F ehL / gpuNjrj;JfF; gpuNjrk;)  Mf;fg+u;tkhdJ (,aw;ifahd tsq;fs; kw;Wk; kdpjdhy; cUthf;fg;gl;lit)  ,aw;if kw;Wk; nraw;ifahd ,ay;Gfisf; nfhz;lJ.  nefpo;Tg; Nghf;FilaJ.  epajp kw;Wk; epakk; rhu;e;jJ. (ii)  FLk;gj;jpd; Clhf fyhrr; hug; ngWkhdq;fs; ifaspf;fg; gly;.  rktaJf; FOtpdu; Clhf fyhr;rhu guptu;j;jid epfoy;.  ghuk;gupakhf fyhr;rhuk; gupkhwg;gly; Nghd;wd (ghlrhiyapd; epfOk; $l;Lg;gpuhj;jid , fiy epfo;Tfs; , ngupahu;fspd; epidTjpdk; )  r%fj;jpy; fyhr;rhuk; rhu; nraw;ghLfspy; <Lgly;. (iii)  Mrpupau; cupa fyhr;rhug; ngWkhdq;fs; gw;wp mwpe;jpUj;jy;.  ghlq;fisf; fw;gpg;gjd; Clhf fyhr;rhuj;ijg; ghJfhj;Jg; NgZk; kdg;ghq;if tsu;j;jy;.  ,izg;ghltpjhdr; nraw;ghLfs; Clhf fyhr;rhug; ngWkhdq;fis toq;Fjy;.  jkJ elj;ijfs; kw;Wk; Kd;khjpupahd nraw;ghLfs; Clhf fyhr;rhug; ngWkhdq;fis czur; nra;jy;.  ghlrhiyapd; epfOk; $l;Lg;gpuhj;jid , fiy epfo;Tfs; , ngupahu;fspd; epidTjpdk; ghlrhiyapy; eilKiwg;gLj;Jfpd;w rl;ljpl;lq;fs; xOff; q;fs; tpOkpaq;fs; Nghd;wtw;iw khztu;fSf;F topg;gLj;Jtjd; %yk; fyhr;rhuk; rhu;e;j tplaq;fis gpd;gw;wr; nra;jy;. N.Manoranjithan(Lecturer,JNCoE) 26 18/JNCoE/MA/T/F/3731 N.Keerthana

02. (i)  FLk;gk;  rktaJf;FO  ghlrhiy  nghJrd Clfq;fs;  rka mikg;Gfs;  r%f mikg;Gfs; (ii)  fiyj;jpl;lj;jpd; %yk;  ghl ,izr;nraw;ghLfs;  rkak; kw;Wk; Njrpa tpohff; s;  Mrpupaupd; elj;ijg; ghq;Ffs;  ghlrhiyr; #oy; kw;Wk; xOq;fikg;G  ghlrhiyapd; tpjpfs; kw;Wk; rl;lq;fs;  ghlrhiyf;Fk; r%fj;jpw;Fkpilapyhd nraw;jpl;lq;fs; (iii) o jw;nfhiy , r%f tpNuhj nraw;ghLfs; , Nghijg; nghUs; ghtid , ghypay; J]g; puNahfq;fs; , ,isQu; tpuf;jp Nghd;wd. cjhuzkhf:  ,isQu; tpuf;jpiag; Nghf;Fjy;  MNyhrid topfhl;ly;  njhopy; topfhl;ly; Nrit  khztu;fspd; Mf;fj;jpwd;fis tpUj;jp nra;jy;.  jiyikj;Jtg; gapw;rp toq;fy;.  r%f tpNuhjr; nraw;ghLfs; njhlu;ghd tpsf;fkspj;jy;.  ngw;NwhUf;F MNyhrid topfhl;ly; Nrit  khztUld; neUf;fkhd ,ilj;njhlu;igg; Ngzy;  khztu;fspd; r%f Rw;whliy tpsq;fp nrayhw;Wjy;.  fUj;Jff; is nrtpkLj;jy;  guprpy;fis toq;fp guhl;Ljy;  mwpTiufis toq;fy;. 03. (i) khztu;fspd; njhlu;fN; fhyq;fis tpsq;fpf; nfhs;tjw;F gadg; Lj;jg;gLk; r%f ,ilj;njhlu;Gr; Nrhjid r%f Nrhjid vdg;gLk;.khztuf; spd; tpUg;G ntWg;Gf;fis ,dq;fz;L topelhj;j ,J cjTk;. N.Manoranjithan(Lecturer,JNCoE) 27 18/JNCoE/MA/T/F/3731 N.Keerthana

(ii)  mftag; ghjpg;gf; FiwT  ngwg;gLk; juTfs; cWjpahditahfTk; cz;ikahditahfTk; fhzg;gLk;.  rupahf ,zq;fhz cjTk;.  mDgtk; %yk; ngw;Wf; nfhz;l jfty;fs; %yk; cz;ikaw;witfis epufupff; KbntLj;jy;.  rfy khztu;fsJk; njhlu;Gf; Nfhyq;fis kpf ,yFthf tpsq;fpf; nfhs;s KbAk;  khztu;fsJ njhlu;GfisAk; njhlu;gpd; jd;ikfisAk; gFg;gha;t nra;J tpsq;fpf; nfhs;s KbAk;. (iii)  khztu; jdpikg;gLj;jg;gl;ltuh my;yJ r%f el;rj;jpukhd vd;gij mwpe;J topelj;jy;.  tFg;gpy; jdpikg;gLj;jg;gl;l khztu;fis ,dq;fz;L Vw;w gupfhu Kiwfis nraw;gLj;jy;.  xj;Jiof;fpd;w , cjTfpd;w khztu;fis Cf;fg;gLj;Jjy;.  jdpikg;gLj;jg;gl;l khztu;fSfF; nghWg;Gf;fis toq;fp cw;rhfg;gLj;jy; , gq;F gw;wYf;fhd tha;g;Gf;fis toq;Fjy;. 04. (i)  rpwg;Gf; Fwpf;Nfhs;fSk; mtw;iw epiwNtw;wpf; nfhs;tjw;fhd jpl;lkplYld; fhzg;gly;  tpjpKiwj;njhFjpnahd;W fhzg;gly;.  mwpf;iffs; Ngzg;gly;  njhlu;ghly; epyTjy;  nghJf;Fwpf;Nfhs;fis mbg;gilahf nfhz;l nraw;ghLfs; fhzg;gly;  rl;ljpl;lq;fs; gpd;gw;wg;gLk;.  nghJj;jPu;khdq;fSf;F Kjd;ik mspf;fg;gLk;.  nefpo;rr; pj;jdi; k fhzg;glhJ. (ii)  Kiwikrhu; mikg;gpd; %yk; jdpg;gll; Njitfs; epiwT nra;ag;gl;lik  jkJ FLk;gk; kw;Wk; neUf;fkhdtu;fis tpl;Lg; gpupe;jpUj;jy;  ghlrhiy rl;ljpl;l eilKiwfs; ctg;gw;wjhf fhzg;gly;.  xNu ghlj;ij fw;gpg;gtu;fs; xNu gpuNjr eguf; s; njhlu;e;J re;jpj;jy;.  ghlrhiy epu;thfj;jpd; gytdP khd jd;ik  ghlrhiyapDila jiyikj;Jtk; gytdP kilfpd;wNghJ.  jdpg;gll; Njitfs;, tpUg;G, ntWg;Gf;fs; epiwT nra;ag;glhj NghJ. N.Manoranjithan(Lecturer,JNCoE) 28 18/JNCoE/MA/T/F/3731 N.Keerthana

(iii)  FOKiwr; nraw;ghLfs;  Rje;jpukhf RahjPdkhf fUj;Jff; is ntspg;gLj;Jjy;  khztu; ika fw;wy; re;ju;g;gq;fis Vw;gLj;Jjy;  rk taJf; FOtpdiu ikag;gLj;jpa fw;wy; re;ju;g;gq;fs;  khztu-; khztu; njhlu;ig tYg;gLj;jy;  tFg;giwapy; fw;wy; ,lu;ghLfis ePf;fpf; nfhs;tjw;F gadg; Lj;jpf; nfhs;sy;  xj;Jioj;Jf; fw;wy;  khztu;fs; jkf;fpilNa mDgtq;fis gfpu;e;J nfhs;s mwpit tpUj;jp nra;J nfhs;s gupkhw;wpf; nfhs;s re;ju;g;gq;fis toq;Fjy;. 05. (i) r%f epajpfs; epakq;fs; ek;gpfi; ffs; Nghd;wtw;wpy; Vw;gLfpd;w khw;wq;fspDlhf murpay; nghUshjhuk; fyhrhuk; njhopDl;gk; tpQ;Qhdk; vd;gtw;wpy; Vw;gLfpd;w khw;wq;fs; r%f khw;wq;fs; vdg;gLk;. (ii)  murpay;  nghUshjhuk;  fyhrhuk;  njhopDl;gk;  fy;tp  Gul;rpfs;  Nghuhl;lq;fs;  ,aw;if mdu;j;jq;fs;  fz;Lgpbg;Gf;fs.; (iii)  r%f khw;wq;fSf;F jf;fjhf jkJ mwpT jpwd; kdg;ghq;Ffis tpUj;jp nra;J nfhs;sy.;  fw;wy;-fw;gpj;jy; re;ju;g;gq;fspy; epiyikfSf;F jf;fjhf khw;wq;fis nfhz;L tUjy;. khztupd; rpe;jid rf;jpf;F jf;fjhf fw;wy; re;ju;g;gq;fis gadg; Lj;jy;.  r%fj;NjitfSf;F Vw;g jk;ik ,irthff; pf; nfhs;sy;. cupa tplak; cupa nraw;ghl;bw;F Vw;g tplaq;fis xOq;fikj;J nraw;gLj;Jk; Mw;wy;fis tpUj;jp nra;J nfhs;sy;.  Njrpa kw;Wk; ru;tNjr Nghf;FfSf;F jf;fjhf khw;wq;fis tpsq;fpf; nfhs;sy;. mJ njhlu;ghf fyeJ; iuahly; vd;gtw;Wf;F Vw;g fw;wy; R+oy;fis cUthf;Fjy;.  R+oypYs;s fw;wy; tsq;fis ,dq;fz;L nghUj;jkhd njhopEl;gq;fis re;ju;g;gq;fSf;F jf;fjhf gadg; Lj;jpf; nfhs;sy;.  Mrpupa njhopy; thz;ikf;F cupj;jhd Ma;T ntspaPL Nghd;wtw;wpy; <Lgly;. N.Manoranjithan(Lecturer,JNCoE) 29 18/JNCoE/MA/T/F/3731 N.Keerthana

06. (i)  ,dq;fs;  rkaq;fs;  nkhopfs;  Mz; / ngz; ghypaypay;G  r%f tFg;G  fpuhk / efu  nghUshjhuk; (ii)  FLk;gk; cupj;jhd r%f tFg;Gf;F Vw;w elj;ijf; Nfhyq;fspd; nkhopg;ghtid  mjhtJ xtn; thU FLk;gg;gpz;zdpapw;F Vw;whw; Nghy; nkhopg; ghtid NtWgLk;.me;j tifapy; fw;ww; #oypy; thOk; gpsi; sfspd; nkhopg; ghtid Neu;j;jpahf fhzg;gLk;.Mdhy; gpd;jq;fpa #oypy; thOk; gpsi; sfspd; nkhopg; ghtid fPo; jukhf fhzg;gLk;.  ghlnewpj; njupT  gpd; jq;fpa #oypy; thOk; khztu;fSf;F Nghjpa topelj;jy; ,d;wp jpl;lkplhkYk; jpwikawpahkYk; ghlj; njupit Nkw;nfhss; y;.Mdhy; fw;ww;g;gpz;zdpapy; fhzg;gLk; gpsi; sfs; vjpu;fhyj;ij jpl;lkpl;L ghlj;njupit Nkw;nfhst; u;.  tsg;ghtid  njhopy; NtWghL  ,ytrf;fy;tp  xNu fiyj;jpl;lk;.  ghlrhiyj;njupT (iii)  nkhopg; ghtidapd; NghJ r%f tu;ff; q;fSf;F ghjpg;ig Vw;gLj;jhj tifapy; nkhopiag; gad;gLj;jy;.  ju cs;slP ;Lg; ghtidapd; NghJ rfy khztu;fSf;Fk; rk re;ju;g;gq;fs; toq;fy;.  mtrpakhd mwpTWj;jy;fs;, MNyhridfs; toq;Fk; NghJ rfyiuAk; rkkhf kjpj;jy;.  khztu;fspd; gy;tifikf;Fj; jf;fjhf ghlq;fisj; jpl;lkply;.  ghlk; kw;Wk; ,izg;ghltpjhdr; nraw;ghLfshy; rfy khztu;fSf;Fk; re;ju;g;gk; toq;Fk;.  ngw;Nwhu; kw;Wk; r%f tFg;Gf;fis Nehff; hff; nfhz;L tug;gpurhjq;fis toq;fhjpUj;jy;.  tFg;G khztu; jiytu;, ghlrhiy khztu; jiytu; Nghd;w re;ju;g;gq;fs;. 07. (i) ehl;bYs;s rfy kf;fs; ,dq;fs;, rkaq;fs,; fyhrhuk; Nghd;wtw;wpy; ftdk; nrYj;jp rfy kf;fs; gpuptpdUf;Fk; rk re;ju;g;gk; toq;Fk; tifapy; fy;tpr; nrad;Kiwfisf; nfhz;l rl;l jpl;l mikg;G Njrpaf; fy;tpf; nfhs;ifahFk;. N.Manoranjithan(Lecturer,JNCoE) 30 18/JNCoE/MA/T/F/3731 N.Keerthana

(ii)  ,yq;ifapd; gy;ypd, gy;kj, gy;fyhrhu, gd;nkhop mk;rq;fs;  r%fj;jpYs;s rfy kf;fSf;Fk; nghJthdjhf ,Uj;jy;.  ehl;bd; r%f, nghUshjhu, murpay; epiyikfSf;F Vw;wjhf ,Uj;jy;.  jw;Nghija ehl;bd; Njitfisf; fUj;jpw; nfhs;sy;.  ehl;bd; xUikg;ghL, ey;ypzf;fj;ij Vw;gLj;jf; $bajhapUj;jy;.  ts tpuaq;fisj; jtpu;j;jy;.  rkepiy MSik tpUj;jpf;F cjtf;$bajhapUj;jy;.  g+Nfhs kakhff; YFF; cjTjy;. (iii)  jkJ tFg;gpYs;s gy;tif khztu;fSk; fy;tpapy; gq;Fnfhs;Sk; tha;gpid toq;fy;. cjhuzk; : jpwik, jpwikaw;w vd;w tifapy; khztu;fis NtWgLj;jhJ khztu;fis gy;NtW Kiwfshy; ,dq;fz;L topfhl;Ljy;.  fy;tpapy; ,iltpyFk; khztu;fis cupa fhyj;jpy; ,zq;fz;L mtu;fsJ fy;tp cupikf;F Vw;w topfhl;lyf; is toq;Fjy;.  ghlq;fis Nghjpf;Fk; NghJ ,d, kj, Fy Ngjk; ghuhJ gy;tifikia kjpj;J nghUj;jkhd nraw;ghLfis Kd;ndLj;jy;.  jkJ jdpg;gll; murpay;, fyhrhu kw;Wk; ,dthj fUj;Jff; is ntspg;gLj;jhjpUj;jy;.  NtW fyhrhu kw;Wk; ,df;FOkq;fis ,izj;J gy;NtW nraw;ghLfis Kd;ndLj;jy;. 08. (i)  jiuj;Njhw;w mikg;G  kf;fsikg;G  gy;tifik  Njitfs;  jPu;khdk; Nkw;nfhss; y;  gq;Fgw;wy; (ii)  ghlrhiyf;Fk; r%fj;Jf;Fk; ,ilapyhd njhlu;G Fiwtiljy;.  ghlrhiyr; r%fj; NjitfSf;F jpwe;J tplg;glhik  ghlrhiyfs; r%f Njitfis epiwT nra;ahik.  ghlrhiy r%f tpUj;jpf;F cjthik.  ghlrhiy nraw;ghLfs; r%f vjpu;ghu;f;iff;F vjpuhdjhf mikjy;.  r%fk; ghlrhiyfis tpku;rpj;jy;.  ghlrhiyfs; r%fj;ij epuhfupj;jy; / Vw;Wf;nfhs;shik. (iii)  ngw;Nwhu;fis ,izj;Jf; nfhz;ljhd nraw;ghLfs;.  ghlrhiyf;Fk; r%jhaj;JfF; k; nghUj;jkhd nraw;ghLfs;.  ghlrhiy tsq;fis r%jha NjitfF; g; gad;gLj;Jk; nraw;ghLfs;.  ngw;Nwhu; tpopg;Gzu;T epfo;rr; pfs;.  ngw;Nwhu;fis ,izj;Jf; nfhz;ljhd fyhrhu epfo;Tfs;. N.Manoranjithan(Lecturer,JNCoE) 31 18/JNCoE/MA/T/F/3731 N.Keerthana

fw;gpj;jypy; Njrpa bg;Nshkh ,Wjpg; guPl;ir - 2016 (02) fy;tp r%ftpay; - tpdhj;jhs; Ⅰ  1 njhlff; k; 10 tiuahd tpdhf;fspy; jug;gl;Ls;s xt;nthU $w;wpdJk; ,ilntspfF; kpfg; nghUj;jkhd nrhy;iy /nrhw;fis ,l;Lg; G+uzg;gLj;Jf. 01) cstpaw; Njitnahd;whf gps;is tpUj;jpapd; NghJ gps;is ......................................... Mjpf;fj;jpypUe;J tpLgl;L Gjpa cyfpw;F ,irthf;fkiltjw;fhf rk taJf;FOf;fspd; mDkjpiag; ngWtu;. 02) r%fkakhfF; k; Elg; Kiwnahd;whfpa ................................. %yk; khztu;fs; ghjpg;Gf;Fs;shff; $ba r%fg; gpur;rpidfisg; gw;wp mwpTWj;jg;gLtu;. 03) xUtu; VidNahu; njhlu;ghff; fhl;Lk; tpUg;gpd; mbg;gilapy; me;epNahd;dpaj; njhlu;ig tpgupf;f ..........................................Nrhjidfisg; gad;gLj;j KbAk;. 04) r%f khw;wq;fSf;Nfw;g fiyj;jpl;lj;ijr; rPu;nra;Ak; Nehff; py; 2013Mk; Mz;by; f.ngh.j cau;juj;jpw;fhd .................................................... ghlnewp ghlrhiyf;fiyj;jpl;lj;jpy; css; lf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. 05) xU r%ff; FOtpd; nry;tk;> ew;ngau; kw;Wk; mjpfhuk; Mfpatw;wpd; mbg;gilapy; xU FO kw;nwhU FOtpYk; cau;thf my;yJ jho;thfj; jug;gLj;jg;gLtJ .......................................vdf; fUjg;gLk;. 06) gz;ila vspa r%fj;jpypUe;J jw;fhy rpff; yhd r%fKiw tiu egu; mwpe;Njh mwpahkNyh jdJ ............................................. Njitfis epiwNtw;wpf; nfhs;tJ ahjhapDk; xU rka rpe;jid %ykhFk;. 07) xNu ehl;by; gy;NtWrkaq;fs;> nkhopfs;>,dq;fs; kw;Wk; fyhr;rhuq;fisf; nfhz;l .........................................rKjhaj;jpy; rftho;T tho gps;isiag; gad;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;. 08) xU ehl;bd; Ntiyapd;ik> .................................................... Mfpad Nghd;Nw jpUg;jpaw;w njhopy;fspy; <LglYk; ,isQu;fspd; tpuf;jpf;Fg; gpd;dzpahf mike;Jss; J. 09) egu; xUtu; xNu Neuj;jpy; gy;NtW tfpghfq;fis Vw;f Ntz;bNaw;gLk; NghJ css; hFk; rpf;fyhd jd;ik ............................................ vdg;gLk;. 10) r%fj;jpd; FWf;fntl;L Kfnkhd;whfpa ..............................................,Yk; gue;j r%fj;jpy; epyTk; vy;yh tpjkhd gy;tifikfisAk; fhzKbAk;. (01 × 10 = 10 Gs;spfs;) N.Manoranjithan(Lecturer,JNCoE) 32 18/JNCoE/MA/T/F/3733 V.Karththikayini

 11 njhlf;fk; 20 tiuahd xt;nthU tpdhtpw;Fk; cupa rupahd tpiliaf; Fwpj;J epw;Fk; ,yf;fj;ij vjpNuAs;s milg;Gf;FwpapDs; vOJf. 11) egiu ntw;wpfukhd r%f tho;f;iff;Fg; gof;fg;gLj;j r%fkakhfF; k; fhuzpfs; ngupJk; Jiz Gupfpd;wd. mf;fhuzpfs; egiur; r%fkakhfF; tjpy; nry;thfF; r; nrYj;Jk; xOq;FKiw> 1) FLk;gk; > ghlrhiy > rkaepWtdq;fs; > rktaJf;FOf;fs; vd;wthwhFk;. 2) FLk;gk; > rktaJf;FOf;fs; > ghlrhiy > rkaepWtdq;fs; vd;wthwhFk;. 3) FLk;gk; > rktaJf;FOf;fs; > Clfk; > rkaepWtdq;fs; vd;wthwhFk;. 4) FLk;gk; > Clfk; > rkaepWtdq;fs; > rktaJf;FOf;fs; vd;wthwhFk;. (........) 12) Kiwrhu; FOnthd;whd tFg;giwapy; Mrpupau; ed;whf ,dq;fhz Ntz;banjhd;whapDk; Neubahfj; Njhd;whj Kf;fpa fhuzp> 1) khztu;fspd; ngw;Nwhupd; r%f tFg;G gw;wpajhFk;. 2) khztu;fs; ve;j ,dj;ij kw;Wk; rkaj;ijr; Nrue; ;jtuf; s; vd;gJ gw;wpajhFk;. 3) tFg;giwapy; cs;s Kiwrhuh FOf;fs; gw;wpajhFk;. 4) tFg;giwapd; ngsjpf cstpay; Rw;whly; gw;wpajhFk;. (........) 13) “,d;iwa ,yq;ifapy; xOf;f tpOkpaq;fs; mUfp tUfpd;wd” vd;gJ ngUk;ghyhNdhupd; fUj;jhFk;. ,g;gpurr; pidf;F kpfg; nghUj;jkhd jPu;nthd;whf miktJ> 1) xOf;f tpOkpaf;fy;tpiag; ghlnkhd;whff; fw;gpj;jyhFk;. 2) rka epWtdq;fSf;Fk; ghlrhiyfSf;Fk; ,ilapyhd njhlu;ig tsu;j;jyhFk;. 3) rkaj;ijg; gpd;gw;w rfyUf;Fk; trjp tha;g;gspj;jyhFk;. 4) r%f Nehff; q;fisAk; fy;tp Nehff; q;fisAk; xdw; hf ,izj;jyhFk;. (........) 14) xU tFg;giwapy; epyTk; gytdP khd egupilj; njhlu;Gfisj; jtpu;g;gjw;F vLf;ff;$ba kpfTk; nghUj;jkhd xU eilKiw 1) rpwe;j rktaJf; FOf;fll; ikg;ig mikj;jy; 2) Mrpupaupdhy; khztu;fs; fLikahff; fl;Lg;gLj;jg;gly;. 3) khztupd; tpUg;gj;jpw;Nfw;g nraw;gl ,lkspj;jy;. 4) khztu;fspd; jdpg;gll; jfty;fisr; Nrfupj;jy;. (........) 15) epiyf;Fj;J ,af;fk; vd;gJld; njhlu;Gila kpfg; nghUj;jkhd $w;W (........) 1) tptrhapapd; gpsi; s kUj;Jtuhjy; 2) flL; khdj;njhopyhspapd; gpsi; s flL; khdj;njhopyhspahjy;. 3) vOJtpidQu; jiyik vOJtpidQuhjy;. 4) Mrpupau; xUtupd; Ngud; Mrpupauhjy;. 16) r%ff; FOknkhd;wpy; kpf ed;whf ntspg;gl;Lj; Njhd;Wk; ,ay;G> FOtpDs; (........) 1) ,ilj;jhf;fq;fs; eilngwy; 2) xw;Wikahfr; nraw;gly;. 3) gfpue; ;j nfhs;sy;. 4) rl;lj;jpw;Ff; flL; g;gl;L elj;jy;. 17) jw;fhyg; ghlrhiyf;Fk; r%fj;jpw;Fk; ,ilNa epyTk; njhlu;gpy; gpurr; pidfs; Vw;gl mbg;gilf; fhuzk;. 1) ghlrhiy %yk; G+uz fiyj;jpl;lk; nraw;gLj;jg;glhik. 2) r%fj;jpw;Fg; ghlrhiyapd; tsq;fis cgNahfpf;f ,lkspf;fhik. 3) mjpgu; kw;Wk; Mrpupau; FOtpd; nefpo;rr; paw;w Fztpay;Gfs.; 4) ghlrhiyf;Fk; r%fj;jpw;Fkhd J}u ,ilntsp. (........) N.Manoranjithan(Lecturer,JNCoE) 33 18/JNCoE/MA/T/F/3733 V.Karththikayini

18) “kpfTk; tpUg;gj;JfF; upaJ > ghJfhg;ghdJ > fz;fhzpg;GilaJ > vy;yhg;gpsi; sfSf;Fk; mtu;fsJ Mw;wy;fis cau; kl;lk; tiu tpUj;jp nra;a tha;g;gspf;Fk;.” Nkw;gb ,ay;GfSld; $ba ghlrhiyia miof;f kpfg; nghUj;jkhd thrfk; 1) eNthjah ghlrhiy 2) khjpupg; ghlrhiy 3) gps;is Neag; ghlrhiy 4) gadj; U ghlrhiy (........) 19) ghlrhiyapdhy; xOq;F nra;ag;gl;l tUlhe;j fy;tpr;Rw;WyhTf;fhf khztu;fisf; (........) FOf;fshfF; k; NghJ mf;FOf;fspd; jiytu;fshfj; Nju;e;njLf;fg;gLNthu;> 1) ftu;rr; pfukhd clw;Njhw;wk; cs;s khztu;fshtu;. 2) ve;j xU rthiyAk; Vw;ff;$ba khztu;fshtu;. 3) mq;fj;jtuf; s; Vw;Wf; nfhs;fpd;w > FOit topelhj;jpr; nry;yf;$ba khztu;fshtu;. 4) mq;fj;jtuf; s; Vw;Wf; nfhs;fpd;w > cau;nghUshjhu trjpiaf;nfhz;l khztu;fshtu;. 20) gy;NtW rkaq;fisg; gpd;gw;Wk; khztu;fs; css; ghlrhiyapd; fhiyf;$ll; j;jpd; Mrpupa Nghjidapd; NghJ typAWj;j Ntz;baJ> 1) kjFUkhu;fSf;F cupa kupahij mspg;gJ gw;wpajhFk;. 2) rka rftho;T > xw;Wik Mfpatw;wpd; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; gw;wpajhFk;. 3) kWgpwtp ed;F mikaj;jf;f tpjj;jpy; Njitahd ew;gz;Gfis tsu;g;gJ gw;wpajhFk;. 4) rkaf;Fwpf;Nfhs;fis epiwNtw;wpf;nfhss; y; rfy khztu;fspdJk; nghWg;G vd;gJ (……) gw;wpajhFk;. (01 × 10 = 10 Gs;spfs;)  21 njhlf;fk; 30 tiuahd tpdhf;fSf;Fr; RUf;fkhd tpil vOJf. 21) Kiwrhu; ghlrhiy %yk; khztuplk; fl;bnaOg;gg;gl Ntz;ba r%fj;jpwd;fs; ehd;F vOJf. i) .................................................................................................................................................................................... ii) .................................................................................................................................................................................... 22) fy;tpapd; kPJ r%f tFg;gpd; jhff; k; kpf ed;whf ntspj;Njhd;Wk; vd Ma;twpf;iffspdhy; mwpag;gl;Ls;sJ. fy;tpapd; kPJ r%f tFg;gpd; jhff; j;ij Vw;gLj;Jk; fhuzpfs; ,uz;L vOJf. i) .................................................................................................................................................................................... ii) .................................................................................................................................................................................... 23) tFg;giwapy; MNuhf;fpakhd njhlu;Gfis tsu;g;gjpy; nry;thfF; r; nrYj;Jk; Mrpupag; gzpfs; ,uz;L vOJf. i) ................................................................................................................................................................................... ii) ................................................................................................................................................................................... 24) ghlrhiyapYs;s Kiwrhuhf;FOnthd;wpd; mq;fj;jtu; vd;w uPjpapy; xU khztu; ngw;Wf; nfhs;Sk; r%fj;jpwd;fs; ,uz;L vOJf. i) ................................................................................................................................................................................... ii) ................................................................................................................................................................................... N.Manoranjithan(Lecturer,JNCoE) 34 18/JNCoE/MA/T/F/3733 V.Karththikayini

25) FLk;gj;jpd; jd;ikiaj; jPu;khdpf;Fk; ,uz;L fhuzpfis vOJf. i) ................................................................................................................................................................................... ii) ................................................................................................................................................................................... 26) ,df;FOkk; vdf; fUjg;gLk; FOf;fis NtWgLj;jp ,dq;fhz cgNahfpf;ff;$ba ,uz;L fhuzpfis vOJf. i) ................................................................................................................................................................................... ii) ................................................................................................................................................................................... 27) ghlrhiy rktaJf; FOf;fspy; gy;tifik Njhd;Wk; ,uz;L Jiwfis vOJf. i) ................................................................................................................................................................................... ii) ................................................................................................................................................................................... 28) r%f rkj;Jtj;ij Vw;gLj;Jtjhapd; fy;tpr;rkj;Jtk; Vw;gLj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk;. xU ehl;by; fy;tpapy; rkj;Jtj;ij Vw;gLj;Jtjw;F vLf;ff;$ba eltbf;iffs; ,uz;L vOjf. i) .................................................................................................................................................................................. ii) .................................................................................................................................................................................. 29) r%f khw;wj;jpw;Nfw;g fiyj;jpl;lj;jpYk; rpwg;ghd khw;wq;fs; Vw;gly; ehl;bd; fy;tp mgptpUj;jpapy; ngupJk; nry;thfF; r; nrYj;Jk; ,yq;ifapd; r%f khw;wq;fSf;Nfw;g fiyj;jpl;lj;jpy; Vw;gl;l rpwg;ghd khw;wq;fs; ,uz;ilf; Fwpg;gpLf. i) .................................................................................................................................................................................. ii) .................................................................................................................................................................................. 30) trjpaspg;gtu; vd;w ujP papy; Mrpupa tfpghfj;jpy; ntspj;Njhd;Wk; ehd;F ,ay;Gfs; vOJf. i) .................................................................................................................................................................................. ii) .................................................................................................................................................................................. (02 × 10 = 20 Gs;spfs;) N.Manoranjithan(Lecturer,JNCoE) 35 18/JNCoE/MA/T/F/3733 V.Karththikayini

(02) fy;tpr; r%ftpay; - tpdhj;jhs; Ⅱ  xt;nthU gFjpapypUe;Jk; Fiwe;jgl;rk; ,U tpdhf;fNsapDk; njupe;njLj;J Ie;J tpdhf;fSf;F tpil vOJf.  xt;nthU tpdhtpdJk; (i),(ii),(iii) Mfpa gFjpfspd; rupahd tpilfSf;F KiwNa 02,04,06 vd;wthW Gs;spfs; toq;fg;gLk;. gFjp Ⅰ 01) gue;j r%fk; gw;wp Mokhf Muha;tjw;fhf gpnuQ;R ,dj;jtuhd xf];l; nfhk;Nl (Auguste comte) vd;gtu; r%ftpaiyj; jdpnahUghlkhf mwpKfk; nra;jhu;. i) r%ftpaYld; ,ize;j Jizghlj; Jiwfs; ehd;ifg; ngaupLf. ii) fy;tpr; r%ftpaYld; njhlu;Gilajhf ePu; fw;w ehd;F Nju;r;rpfisf; Fwpg;gpLf. iii) gapYdu; Mrpupau; vd;w tifapy; fw;wy;-fw;gpj;jy; nrad;Kiwia ntw;wpfukhf;fpf; nfhs;s ePu; fw;w r%ftpay; rhu;e;j %d;W tplaq;fisg; gpuNahf uPjpahf eilKiwg;gLj;Jk; tpjj;ij cjhuzq;fSld; tpsfF; f. 02) r%f tpQ;Qhdpfs; “r%fkakhff; y;” vd;gij kpf tpNrlkhff; fUJtjw;Ff; fhuzk; kdpjd; fyhrhu capup (cultural being) Nghd;Nw fyhrhuj;ijf; ifaspfF; k; fhuzpAkhff; fhzg;gLfpd;wikAk; MFk;. i) r%fkakhff; y; gw;wp N`tpf;N`];l; (Havighurst) kw;Wk; epA+fu;ld; (Neugarten) MfpNahu; Kdi; tj;j tiutpyf;fzj;jpd; %yk; xOf;fk; kpf;f tho;f;iff;fhf egupdhy; ngw;Wf; nfhs;sf; $ba Kdk; hjpupfs; ,uz;il vOJf. ii) xU gps;isia r%fkakhfpa capupahf khw;Wtjw;Fg; gadg; Lj;jf;$ba r%fkakhff; y; Elg; Kiwfs; ,uz;ilr; RUf;fkhf tpsf;Ff. iii) gps;isia r%fkakhf;Ftjw;fhf Kiwrhu; fy;tpapd; NghJ Clfq;fisg; gadg; Lj;jf;$ba %d;W re;ju;g;gq;fis cjhuzq;fs; %yk; tpsfF; f. 03) kdpjdpd; tho;f;iff;Nfhyk; kw;Wk; mjd; khWk; jd;ik Mfpatw;iw MuhAk; mZFKiwahf fyhrhu ntspg;ghL mikfpd;wJ vd;gJ khdpltpaypd; fUj;jhFk;. i) “fyhrhuk;” vd;gjw;Fg; nghUj;jkhd tiutpyf;fznkhd;W vOJf. ii) fyhrhuj;jpd; jd;ikf;Nfw;g mjd; gpujhd ,uz;L tiffisAk; ngaupl;L mtw;wpw;F cjhuzk; jUf. iii) 'ghlrhiyahdJ fyhrhug; ngWkhdq;fisg; ghJfhfF; k; epWtdkhf ntspg;gilahfj; njupfpd;wJ”. ghlrhiy Mrpupau; vd;w tifapy; fyhrhu mk;rq;fisg; ghJfhg;gjw;fhf ck;khy; eilKiwg;gLj;jf;$ba nraw;wpll; nkhd;wpd; gUkl;lhd jpl;lnkhd;iwj; jahupf;Ff. 04) r%f khw;wq;fs; njhlu;r;rpahd (continuity) jd;ikapNyNa ,lk;ngWk;. r%fj;jpy; eilngWk; fyhrhu kw;Wk; r%f khw;wq;fs; rkhe;jukhfg; gazpf;Fk;. i) r%f khw;wq;fs; eilngWk; Kf;fpa ,uz;L re;ju;g;gq;fisAk; ngaupl;L, Xu; cjhuzk; tjP k; vOJf. ii) r%f khw;wq;fSf;Nfw;g fy;tpapy; Vw;gLj;j Ntz;ba ,uz;L khw;wq;fis cjhuzq;fspd; JizAld; Fwpg;gpLf. iii) r%f khw;wq;fSf;Nfw;g fw;wy;-fw;gpj;jy; nrad;Kiwapy; Vw;gl Ntz;ba khw;wq;fs; ,uz;il cjhuzq;fSld; tpsfF; f. N.Manoranjithan(Lecturer,JNCoE) 36 18/JNCoE/MA/T/F/3733 V.Karththikayini

05) ePz;lfhyj;jpw;F kdpj ,dj;jpdhy; jdpahf thoKbahJ. MfNt kdpjd; vd;gtd; jdpahf tho Kbahj xU gpuhzp vdg; nghJthf Vw;Wf;nfhss; g;gl;Ls;sJ. i) ghlrhiy cl;gl ve;jnthU r%f mikg;gpYk; fhzf;$ba mbg;gil r%ff;FOkq;fs; ,uz;ilG; ngaupLf. ii) Fwpj;j r%ff; FOkq;fSf;fpilNa fhzf;$ba Kf;fpa ,uz;L ,ay;Gfs; tjP k; vOJf. iii) Xu; Mrpupau; fw;wy;-fw;gpj;jy; nrad;Kiwia ntw;wpfukhf;fpf; nfhs;tjw;Fr; rhjfkhfg; gadg; Lj;jf;$ba r%ff;FOkj;ijg; ngaupl;L> mjidg; gadg; Lj;Jk; tpjj;ij cjhuzq;fs; %yk; tpsfF; f. gFjp II 06) gapYdu; Mrpupiaahd tp\\hypdp jdJ tFg;G khztu;fSf;Fj; jdpahfTk; FOthfTk; epiwNtw;wf;$ba ,uz;L nraw;ghLfis toq;fpdhu;. khztu;fs; mr;nraw;ghLfspy; <LgLk; tpjj;ij mtu; cd;dpg;ghf mtjhdpj;J fy;tp mgptpUj;jpf;fhfg; gad;gLj;jf;$ba gy jfty;fisf; fz;lwpe;J nfhs;thu;. i) jdpahs; kw;Wk; FOr;nraw;ghLfis mtjhdpg;gjd; %yk; Mrpupiaapdhy; fz;lwpaf;$ba ghjfkhd ,ay;G xtn; thd;W tjP k; ntt;Ntwhf vOJf. ii) NkNy ePu; Fwpg;gpl;l xtn; thU ghjfkhd ,ay;gpdJk; ghjpg;ig ,optsthf;f vLf;ff;$ba eltbf;iffs; ,uz;L tjP k; vOJf. iii) Mrpupiaapd; mtjhdpg;gpd;gb khztupd; fw;wy; mgptpUj;jpf;Fk; khztupd; ,iltpidr;nraw;ghl;L mgptpUj;jpf;Fk; nghUj;jkhd fw;wy; Kiwnahd;iwf; Fwpg;gpl;L, ckf;F tpUg;gkhd ghlnkhd;wpd; JizAld; mjidr; nraw;gLj;Jk; tpjj;ij tpsf;Ff. 07) vjpu;fhyj;jpw;F Kfq;nfhLg;gjw;F khj;jpukd;wp vjpu;fhyg; nghWg;Gf;fisAk; vjpu;ghu;g;Gff; isAk; epiwNtw;wTk; jd;dk;gpf;ifAld; $ba gps;isfis vjpu;fhyj;jpw;fhfj; jahu;g;gLj;jy; Mrpupaupd; gzpapy; mlq;Fk;. i) Mrpupaupd; r%f tfpghfj;jpy; mlq;Fk; gzpfs; ,uz;ilg; ngaupLf. ii) Mrpupau; jdJ r%f tfpghfj;ij epiwNtw;Wk;NghJ vjpu;NehfF; k; ,uz;L gpur;rpidfisf; Fwpg;gpl;L, mg;gpur;rpidfisj; jPu;g;gjw;F nghUj;jkhd gbKiwfisj; jdpj;jdpNa gpNuupf;Ff. iii) Mrpupaupd; r%f tfpghfj;ijr; rKjhaj;jpd; Kd;Ndw;wj;jpw;Fg; gadg; Lj;Jk; tpjj;ij vLj;Jff; hl;Lk; tfpghfNkw;W ebj;jYf;Fg; nghUj;jkhd ehlfg;gpujpnahd;iwj; jahupf;Ff. 08) ghlrhiyAld; njhlu;ghd mz;kpa kw;Wk; njhiyJ}u egu; FOf;fspd; $l;L ghlrhiyr;r%fk; vd tiutpyf;fzk; nra;a KbAk;. i) ghlrhiyr; r%fj;ijr; Nrue; ;j mz;kpa kw;Wk; njhiyJ}uf; FOf;fs; ,uz;L tjP k; ngaupLf. ii) ghlrhiyr; r%fj;jpd; gq;fhsu; vd;w tifapy; ePu; fw;w ghlrhiyapy; nraw;gLj;jf;$ba r%f epfo;rr; pj;jpl;lq;fs; ehd;ifg; ngaupLf. iii) ghlrhiy kw;Wk; r%fj;Jld; gaDWjpAs;s njhlu;igg; Ngz xU ghlrhiy Mrpupau; vd;w tifapy; mgptpUj;jp nra;J nfhs;s Ntz;ba Mrpupa jpwd;fs; %di; wf; Fwpg;gpl;L> mtw;wpy; xU tplaj;ijg; ghlrhiy kw;Wk; r%fj; njhlu;gpd; mgptpUj;jpf;fhfg; gad;gLj;jf;$ba tpjj;ijr; RUf;fkhf tpsf;Ff. N.Manoranjithan(Lecturer,JNCoE) 37 18/JNCoE/MA/T/F/3733 V.Karththikayini

tpilfs; tpdhj;jhs; -Ⅰ 01) tsu;e;jtuf; s; 02) cgNjrk;/ fw;gpj;jy;/ ftd <u;g;G 03) r%fkhd 04) njhopy;El;g 05) r%f gilahf;fy; 06) Mdk; Pfk; 07) gy;ypd 08) jifikapd;ik 09) gy tfpgq;F 10) ghlrhiy/ tFg;giw /ghlrhiy tFg;giw 11) 2 12) 3 13) 4 14) 1 15) 1 16) 1 17) 4 18) 3 19) 3 20) 2 21) $l;lhf Ntiy nra;jy;.  Mspilj; njhlu;G  r%fj;JfF; ,ilapyhd cwitf; flb; naOg;gy;.  FO czu;T my;yJ r%f $l;Lzu;T  cjtp Gupjy;.  rl;l jpl;lq;fSf;F kjpg;gspj;jy;.  jiyikj;Jtk;.  NeuKfhikj;Jtk;.  22) khztu;fs; milT kl;lk;.  khztu;fspd; elj;ij  gps;isfspd; kdg;ghq;F  nkhopj; Nju;r;rp  ngw;Nwhupd; Neuhd kPstypAWj;jy;.  ghlj;njupT  ghlrhiyj;njupT  fy;tpapy; jq;fpapUf;Fk; fhyk;  N.Manoranjithan(Lecturer,JNCoE) 38 18/JNCoE/MA/T/F/3733 V.Karththikayini

23) Mrpupaupd; cil  khztupd; Njitia epiwT nra;Ak; topKiwfs;  nkhopg;gpuNahfk;.  tFg;giwapy; cly; kd r%f #oiyg; Ngzy;.  Mrpupaupd; elj;ijf; Nfhyk;.  vy;yh khztu;fSlDk; rkkhd ,ilj;njhlu;igf; nfhz;bUj;jy;.  24) rthy;fSfF; Kfq;nfhLj;jy; jpwd;.  FOthf Nrue; ;J ,aq;Fk; jpwd;.  jiyikj;Jtj; jpwid tsu;j;Jf;nfhs;sy;  xj;Jiog;G  jd;dhu;t Kidg;G  Gupe;Jzu;T  25) FLk;gf; fl;likg;G  FLk;g mq;fj;jtu; vz;zpf;if  el;Gzu;T cwT Kiw  nghUshjhu epiy  fy;tpawpT  thOk; gpuNjrk; / #oypd; jd;ik  26) xU nkhop NgRjy;.  xU rkaj;ijg; gpd;gw;Wjy;.  nghJf; fyhrhug; gz;Gfisf; nfhz;bUj;jy;.  xNu ek;gpf;iffisf; nfhz;bUj;jy;.  Fwpj;j gpuNjrj;jpidj; jhaf G+kpahff; nfhz;L thOjy;.  27) r%f mq;j];J  khztu; kdg;ghq;F  khztu; tpOkpak;  fy;tp me;j];J  khztu; nrayhw;Wif  gpd;gw;Wk; kjk;  fw;Fk; nkhop  ngw;Nwhupd; njhopy;  N.Manoranjithan(Lecturer,JNCoE) 39 18/JNCoE/MA/T/F/3733 V.Karththikayini

28) vy;NyhUf;Fk; fy;tpapy; rk re;ju;g;gk; toq;Fjy;  fy;tp kl;lq;fis miltjw;Fupa gz;Gfis tpUj;jp nra;jy;.  ,ytrf; fy;tpj;jpl;lk;.  fy;tp tsq;fis rkdhf gfpu;e;jspj;jy;.  gpd;jq;fpNahUf;F $Ljy; tsq;fis toq;Fjy;  29) tho;f;iff;Fj; Njitahd Gjpa ghlq;fs; mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;lik.  1972fy;tp rPu;jpUj;j mwpf;ifapy; mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;l njhopy; Kdd; piyg; ghlq;fs;.  Mq;fpy nkhop%ykhd fy;tpiag; ngw tha;g;gspj;jy;.  2005y; ,Ue;J mdu;j;j Kfhikj;Jtk; Gjpa ghlk; ,izj;Jf; nfhs;sy;.  gy;fyhrhuf; fy;tp  30) khztiu ,dq;fhzYk; Cf;Ftpj;jYk;.  fw;wYf;fhd tsq;fis gfpue; ;jspj;jy;.  topfhl;lyf; is Nkw;nfhss; y;.  FOthf khztu; fw;wYf;F topg;gLj;jy;.  Gjpa tplaq;fisj; Njbg; ngWtjw;fhd %yq;fis ,dq;fhl;ly.;  Mrpupau; jd;id ,w;iwg;gLj;jpf; nfhs;sy;.  tpdhj;jhs; II gFjp – I 01) fy;tpr; r%ftpay; tuyhw;Wr; r%ftpay; i) rkar; r%ftpay; Fw;wtpay; r%ftpay;  Gs;sptpgur; r%ftpay; FLk;gr; r%ftpay;  tpisahl;Lr; r%ftpay;  ,uhZtr; r%ftpay;  tpsk;gur; r%ftpay;  murpay; r%ftpay;  cstpay; r%ftpay;      N.Manoranjithan(Lecturer,JNCoE) 40 18/JNCoE/MA/T/F/3733 V.Karththikayini

ii)  r%ftpay; Nehff; py; fy;tpr; nrad;Kiwia nraw;gLj;Jthu;.  r%ff; FOtpy; Jbg;ghd eguhfr; nraw;gLthu;.  vjpu;fhy vjpu;ghu;g;Gff; hfTk; r%f khw;wj;jpw;fhfTk; nghUj;jkhd fiyj;jpl;lj;ij nraw;gLj;Jthu;.  jdpahs; xUtiu r%fkhf;fy; eilKiwapy; gadg; Lj;Jthu;.  r%f NtWghLfis ftdj;jpw; nfhz;L fw;wy; fw;gpj;jypy; <LgLj;Jthu;.  MrpupaUila r%f tfpghfj;ij tpidj;jpwDld; nraw;gLj;Jthu;.  KOikahd r%fj;ij gpujpepjpj;Jtg;gLj;Jk; xU $whf ghlrhiy tfpghfj;ij nraw;gLj;Jthu;. iii)  Kiwrhu; fiyj;jpl;lk; o ghlk; rhu;e;j tplaq;fs; - fw;wy; fw;gpj;jypd; NghJ tFg;giwapy; FOr; nraw;ghLfis Nkw;nfhst; jd; %yk; khztu; - khztu; > Mrpupau; - khztu; ,ilj;njhlu;Gfis Vw;gLj;jpf; nfhs;sy;.  Kiwapy; fiyj;jpl;lk; my;yJ kiw fiyj;jpl;lk;. o mjpgu; Mrpupauf; sJ elj;ijf; Nfhyq;fs; > nkhopg;gpuNahfk; Nghd;wit.  Kiwrhuh fiyj;jpl;lk;. o ghlrhiyf; fiyj;jpl;lj;jpw;F Nkyjpfkhf khztu;fsplk; rpy jpwd;fis Vw;gLj;jpf; nfhs;tjw;fhf elhj;jg;gLk; FWq;fhy gapw;rp newpfs.; 02) xUtu; nra;af;$baJ. nra;af;$lhjJ. njupe;J nfhs;s Ntz;bait vit i) vd;gjid nghWj;J mtu; r%fj;jpy; Vw;Wf; nfhs;sf$; ba gpui[ahf ,Ug;ghu.;  Kdk; hjpupfs; :  o r%fk; Vw;Wf; nfhs;sf;$ba tho;f;if Kiwia gpd;gw;WtJ. o vd;d nra;a Ntz;Lk; nra;af;$lhjJ vd;gjid njspthfg; Gupe;J nfhs;Sjy;. o r%fj;ijg; ghjpf;Fk; fhuzpfis mwpe;J mjid jtpu;fF; k; topKiwfis mwpe;J nfhs;sy;. o r%f MSikAs;s egu; vd;w tifapy; rpe;jpj;jy;. ii)  gupRk; jz;lidAk; o fw;wypy; Mu;tk; fhl;Lk; > rpy rpwg;ghd Jyq;fy;fis ntspg;gLj;Jk; khztu;fSf;F ghuhl;Lf;fisAk; guprpy;fisAk; toq;Fjy; o rpy Ntiyfisr; nra;ahj khztu;fSf;F rpW rpW jz;lidfs; toq;Fjy;.  Nghyr; nra;jy; my;yJ Kd;khjpup o Mrpupaupd; eil > cil > ghtid > nkhopg;gpuNahfk; > xOf;fk; Nghd;wtw;wpy; rpwg;ghf ,Uj;jy;.  fw;gpj;jYk; mwpTWj;jy; toq;fYk;  xd;wpj;jy;  xOf;ff; fy;tp N.Manoranjithan(Lecturer,JNCoE) 41 18/JNCoE/MA/T/F/3733 V.Karththikayini