HOC TAM GUONG LAM VIEC SUOT DOI CUA CT HCM (Vu Huong)

["ch\u1ee7, c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng m\u1edbi. Theo Ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u00fd th\u1ee9c l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 t\u1ecf r\u00f5 \u1edf tinh th\u1ea7n h\u0103ng h\u00e1i lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i t\u1ecf r\u00f5 \u1edf tinh th\u1ea7n say m\u00ea h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng n\u00e2ng cao n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi coi vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u1ed9i dung r\u1ea5t c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c con ng\u01b0\u1eddi: \u201cV\u00ec l\u1ee3i \u00edch m\u01b0\u1eddi n\u0103m th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e2y, v\u00ec l\u1ee3i \u00edch tr\u0103m n\u0103m th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ed3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u201d1, v\u00ec th\u1ebf \u201cph\u1ea3i \u201ch\u1ecdc, h\u1ecdc n\u1eefa, h\u1ecdc m\u00e3i\u201d, nh\u01b0 L\u00eanin \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y\u201d2. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh b\u1ec7nh l\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebfng, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu kh\u00f3 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng cao tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7p v\u1ee5. Do l\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp n\u00ean \u00edt hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh trong n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, \u00edt nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u l\u00fd lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1eb7p thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i th\u00ec l\u1ea1c quan t\u1ebfu, g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n th\u00ec d\u1ec5 dao \u0111\u1ed9ng, bi quan, l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng v\u1eefng v\u00e0ng, thi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp suy ngh\u0129 v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng, s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o, do \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec c\u0169ng g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec v\u1eady, Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh ch\u1ec9 ra b\u1ed1n tr\u1ee5 c\u1ed9t c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp: H\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft, h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m, h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi, h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5ng s\u1ef1 T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c, ph\u1ee5ng s\u1ef1 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n. B\u1ed1n tr\u1ee5 c\u1ed9t c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp m\u00e0 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00eau v\u1eabn l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o n\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc ta hi\u1ec7n nay. V\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c ____________ 1. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, S\u0111d, t.11, tr.528. 2. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, S\u0111d, t.12, tr.527. 100","\u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5: \u201cH\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi, l\u00e0m c\u00e1n b\u1ed9. H\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5ng s\u1ef1 \u0110o\u00e0n th\u1ec3, giai c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i. Mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea1t m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch, th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea7n, ki\u1ec7m, li\u00eam, ch\u00ednh, ch\u00ed c\u00f4ng, v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u201d1. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi hu\u1ea5n th\u1ecb: \u201cL\u00e0m ngh\u1ec1 g\u00ec c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc, v\u1eady l\u00e0m c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c cho \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean l\u00e0m c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng m\u00e0 c\u1ee9 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u h\u1ecd l\u00e0m c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng th\u00ec h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m tr\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5\u201d2. Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh c\u0103n d\u1eb7n nam n\u1eef thanh ni\u00ean h\u1ecdc sinh Th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i: \u201cNhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a thanh ni\u00ean h\u1ecdc sinh l\u00e0 h\u1ecdc. D\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n phong ki\u1ebfn, m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch \u0111i h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 c\u1ed1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ea3nh b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u00f4ng th\u00f4ng, \u00f4ng ph\u00e1n, l\u0129nh l\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u1ec1u, \u0103n ngon, m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1eb9p. Th\u1ebf th\u00f4i, s\u1ed1 ph\u1eadn d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, kh\u00f4ng hay, kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft g\u00ec h\u1ebft. M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n phong ki\u1ebfn ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ea7u h\u1ea1 ch\u00fang. Ng\u00e0y nay, ta \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, t\u1ef1 do, thanh ni\u00ean m\u1edbi th\u1eadt l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u00e0. Mu\u1ed1n x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng vai tr\u00f2 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7, th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp. H\u1ecdc b\u00e2y gi\u1edd v\u1edbi h\u1ecdc d\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n, phong ki\u1ebfn kh\u00e1c h\u1eb3n nhau. B\u00e2y gi\u1edd h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3: ____________ 1. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, S\u0111d, t.6, tr.208. 2. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, S\u0111d, t.15, tr.294. 101","Y\u00eau T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c: c\u00e1i g\u00ec tr\u00e1i v\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c, ch\u00fang ta ki\u00ean quy\u1ebft ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i. Y\u00eau nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n: vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec hay ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o ph\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ee3i \u00edch chung c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, ch\u00fang ta ki\u00ean quy\u1ebft ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i. Y\u00eau lao \u0111\u1ed9ng: ai khinh r\u1ebb lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, ch\u00fang ta ki\u00ean quy\u1ebft ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i. Y\u00eau khoa h\u1ecdc: c\u00e1i g\u00ec tr\u00e1i v\u1edbi khoa h\u1ecdc, ch\u00fang ta ki\u00ean quy\u1ebft ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i. Y\u00eau \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c: ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ee9c t\u00ednh trong s\u1ea1ch, ch\u1ea5t ph\u00e1c, h\u0103ng h\u00e1i, c\u1ea7n ki\u1ec7m; x\u00f3a b\u1ecf h\u1ebft nh\u1eefng v\u1ebft t\u00edch n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 trong t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng. H\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5ng s\u1ef1 ai? \u0110\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5ng s\u1ef1 T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c, ph\u1ee5ng s\u1ef1 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, l\u00e0m cho d\u00e2n gi\u00e0u, n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ea1nh, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m tr\u1ecdn nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u00e0\u201d1. Ghi nh\u1edb l\u1eddi Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh c\u0103n d\u1eb7n: H\u1ecdc \u201c\u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5ng s\u1ef1 T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c, ph\u1ee5ng s\u1ef1 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n\u201d 2. II- H\u1eccC T\u1eea GIA \u0110\u00ccNH, \u1ede TR\u01af\u1edcNG L\u1edaP, T\u1eea B\u1ea0N B\u00c8, T\u1eea NH\u00c2N D\u00c2N 1. H\u1ecdc t\u1eeb gia \u0111\u00ecnh Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh sinh ra trong m\u1ed9t gia \u0111\u00ecnh nh\u00e0 Nho y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1edf x\u00e3 Kim Li\u00ean, huy\u1ec7n Nam \u0110\u00e0n, t\u1ec9nh Ngh\u1ec7 An, n\u01a1i c\u00f3 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng hi\u1ebfu h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng. Th\u00e2n ph\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 \u00f4ng Nguy\u1ec5n Sinh S\u1eafc, xu\u1ea5t th\u00e2n t\u1eeb gia \u0111\u00ecnh n\u00f4ng ____________ 1, 2. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, S\u0111d, t.9, tr.178-179, 179. 102","d\u00e2n, m\u1edbi l\u00ean ba tu\u1ed5i \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ed3 c\u00f4i cha, l\u00ean b\u1ed1n tu\u1ed5i m\u1ed3 c\u00f4i m\u1eb9, t\u1eeb nh\u1ecf \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecbu kh\u00f3 l\u00e0m l\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 ham h\u1ecdc. V\u00ec v\u1eady, \u00f4ng Nguy\u1ec5n Sinh S\u1eafc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee5 Ho\u00e0ng \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng \u1edf l\u00e0ng Ho\u00e0ng Tr\u00f9 xin v\u1ec1 nu\u00f4i d\u1ea1y. \u00d4ng v\u1eeba lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, v\u1eeba ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp. Khi tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh, \u00f4ng k\u1ebft h\u00f4n v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi con g\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a c\u1ee5 Ho\u00e0ng \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 b\u00e0 Ho\u00e0ng Th\u1ecb Loan, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef c\u1ea7n c\u00f9, ch\u1ecbu kh\u00f3, \u0111\u1ea3m \u0111ang, \u0111\u00f4n h\u1eadu, s\u1ed1ng b\u1eb1ng ngh\u1ec1 l\u00e0m ru\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 d\u1ec7t v\u1ea3i. B\u00e0 h\u1ebft l\u00f2ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng y\u00eau v\u00e0 ch\u0103m lo cho ch\u1ed3ng con \u0103n h\u1ecdc. \u00d4ng S\u1eafc v\u00e0 b\u00e0 Loan c\u00f3 ba ng\u01b0\u1eddi con: con g\u00e1i c\u1ea3 l\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u1ecb Thanh, con trai th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n Sinh Khi\u00eam, con th\u1ee9 ba l\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n Sinh Cung - t\u00ean l\u00fac nh\u1ecf c\u1ee7a Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh. L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebfu ni\u00ean th\u00f4ng minh, c\u1eadu Cung th\u00edch nghe chuy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 hay h\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u1edbi l\u1ea1. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft, c\u1eadu nh\u1edb r\u1ea5t l\u00e2u, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y b\u1ea3o c\u1ee7a cha, nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ed5 t\u00edch, ca dao, d\u00e2n ca m\u00e0 b\u00e0 ngo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 m\u1eb9 th\u01b0\u1eddng k\u1ec3 v\u00e0 h\u00e1t cho nghe. N\u0103m 1891, \u00f4ng S\u1eafc d\u1ef1 thi H\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1eadu Nh\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 m\u1edf l\u1edbp d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc ngay t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7 con c\u00e1i. N\u0103m 1894, \u00f4ng d\u1ef1 khoa thi H\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1eadu C\u1eed nh\u00e2n. Gi\u1eefa n\u0103m 1895, \u00f4ng S\u1eafc v\u00e0o Kinh \u0111\u00f4 Hu\u1ebf d\u1ef1 k\u1ef3 thi H\u1ed9i, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed7, r\u1ed3i xin v\u00e0o h\u1ecdc Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Qu\u1ed1c T\u1eed Gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ec3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho k\u1ef3 thi sau. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn, \u00f4ng v\u1ec1 qu\u00ea \u0111\u01b0a v\u1ee3 v\u00e0 hai con trai c\u00f9ng v\u00e0o Hu\u1ebf. Cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1898, \u00f4ng S\u1eafc c\u00f9ng hai con v\u1ec1 l\u00e0ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng N\u1ed7, x\u00e3 Ph\u00fa D\u01b0\u01a1ng, 103","huy\u1ec7n Ph\u00fa Vang, Hu\u1ebf. T\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y, \u00f4ng d\u1ea1y ch\u1eef H\u00e1n cho m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u1ecdc sinh trong v\u00f9ng v\u00e0 hai con. V\u1edbi tr\u00ed th\u00f4ng minh, c\u00e1c b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc c\u1eadu Cung ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecdc ba, b\u1ed1n l\u1ea7n l\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c. N\u0103m 1901, b\u00e0 Loan l\u00e2m b\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 qua \u0111\u1eddi, hai anh em Khi\u00eam v\u00e0 Cung \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cha \u0111\u01b0a v\u1ec1 Ngh\u1ec7 An, g\u1eedi b\u00e0 ngo\u1ea1i ch\u0103m s\u00f3c. T\u1ea1i qu\u00ea, Nguy\u1ec5n Sinh Cung h\u1ecdc ch\u1eef H\u00e1n v\u1edbi th\u1ea7y Ho\u00e0ng Phan Qu\u1ef3nh. C\u0169ng n\u0103m 1901, \u00f4ng S\u1eafc v\u00e0o Kinh \u0111\u00f4 Hu\u1ebf d\u1ef1 khoa thi H\u1ed9i, \u0111\u1eadu Ph\u00f3 b\u1ea3ng, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n ra l\u00e0m quan. Tuy \u0111\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ea1t, nh\u01b0ng gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u1eabn s\u1ed1ng thanh b\u1ea1ch, \u0111\u1ea1m b\u1ea1c. \u1ede qu\u00ea, \u00f4ng S\u1eafc l\u00e0m l\u1ec5 \u201cv\u00e0o l\u00e0ng\u201d cho hai con trai, ghi t\u00ean Nguy\u1ec5n Sinh Khi\u00eam l\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n T\u1ea5t \u0110\u1ea1t, Nguy\u1ec5n Sinh Cung l\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n T\u1ea5t Th\u00e0nh. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c con, \u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eb7n, ph\u1ea3i si\u00eang n\u0103ng h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp, \u201cch\u1edb l\u1ea5y phong c\u00e1ch nh\u00e0 quan l\u00e0m phong c\u00e1ch nh\u00e0 m\u00ecnh\u201d. \u0110\u1ec3 c\u00e1c con nh\u1edb, \u00f4ng vi\u1ebft c\u00e2u \u1ea5y l\u00ean x\u00e0 nh\u00e0. Sau \u0111\u00f3, Nguy\u1ec5n T\u1ea5t Th\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cha g\u1eedi h\u1ecdc ch\u1eef H\u00e1n v\u1edbi th\u1ea7y V\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u00fac Qu\u00fd, ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f9ng l\u00e0ng, m\u1ed9t \u201cs\u0129 t\u1eed C\u1ea7n V\u01b0\u01a1ng\u201d. Nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7y l\u00e0 n\u01a1i c\u00e1c s\u0129 phu y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u01b0\u1eddng lui t\u1edbi, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c \u00f4ng Phan B\u1ed9i Ch\u00e2u, \u0110\u1eb7ng Th\u00e1i Th\u00e2n, v.v.. Nh\u1eefng h\u00f4m nh\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u00e1ch, Nguy\u1ec5n T\u1ea5t Th\u00e0nh th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea7y l\u01b0u l\u1ea1i gi\u00fap vi\u1ec7c, nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 c\u1eadu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghe nhi\u1ec1u chuy\u1ec7n qua c\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i lu\u1eadn \u0111\u00e0m th\u1eddi cu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c s\u0129 phu y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc, b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u1ebfp thu t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1eadc cha ch\u00fa th\u00f4ng qua m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa cha v\u1edbi c\u00e1c s\u0129 phu trong v\u00f9ng. Nguy\u1ec5n T\u1ea5t Th\u00e0nh 104","th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch m\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1eadc cha ch\u00fa th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eafc t\u1edbi. N\u0103m 1903, \u00f4ng S\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn x\u00e3 V\u00f5 Li\u1ec7t, huy\u1ec7n Thanh Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u1ea1y ch\u1eef H\u00e1n. Nguy\u1ec5n T\u1ea5t Th\u00e0nh theo cha, ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c h\u1ecdc ch\u1eef H\u00e1n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y, l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 d\u1ecbp nghe chuy\u1ec7n th\u1eddi cu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c s\u0129 phu \u0111\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea1o. N\u0103m 1904, b\u00e0 ngo\u1ea1i m\u1ea5t, Nguy\u1ec5n T\u1ea5t Th\u00e0nh theo cha v\u1ec1 Kim Li\u00ean v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eedi \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn v\u1edbi th\u1ea7y Tr\u1ea7n Th\u00e2n \u1edf l\u00e0ng Ng\u1ecdc \u0110\u00ecnh, c\u1ea1nh l\u00e0ng Kim Li\u00ean. Cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m, \u00f4ng S\u1eafc t\u1edbi l\u00e0ng Du \u0110\u1ed3ng, huy\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ecd, t\u1ec9nh H\u00e0 T\u0129nh d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc, Nguy\u1ec5n T\u1ea5t Th\u00e0nh theo cha sang h\u1ecdc. Th\u1eddi gian d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y, \u00f4ng S\u1eafc th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i b\u00ecnh v\u0103n th\u01a1, c\u00f3 h\u00f4m t\u1edbi khuya, T\u1ea5t Th\u00e0nh th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u0103m ch\u00fa l\u1eafng nghe v\u00e0 ghi nh\u1edb. Kho\u1ea3ng cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1905, Nguy\u1ec5n T\u1ea5t Th\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cha xin cho h\u1ecdc l\u1edbp d\u1ef1 b\u1ecb Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Ti\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc Ph\u00e1p - Vi\u1ec7t \u1edf Vinh. Ch\u00ednh t\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc n\u00e0y, l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean Nguy\u1ec5n T\u1ea5t Th\u00e0nh ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi kh\u1ea9u hi\u1ec7u: \u201cT\u1ef1 do, B\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng, B\u00e1c \u00e1i!\u201d. T\u1eeb khi \u0111\u1ed7 Ph\u00f3 b\u1ea3ng, \u00f4ng S\u1eafc kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n ra l\u00e0m quan m\u00e0 lu\u00f4n \u00f4m \u1ea5p t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 v\u1eadn m\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n, n\u00ean \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u201cc\u00e1o \u1ed1m\u201d, chuy\u00ean t\u00e2m nu\u00f4i d\u1ea1y c\u00e1c con theo nh\u1eefng ch\u00ed h\u01b0\u1edbng l\u1edbn. Ch\u00ednh trong th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng S\u1eafc \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a c\u00e1c con \u0111i nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i trong v\u00f9ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh Ngh\u1ec7 An, H\u00e0 T\u0129nh, Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh, v.v.. Nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf 105","l\u00e0m cho Nguy\u1ec5n T\u1ea5t Th\u00e0nh m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng t\u1ea7m m\u1eaft v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u. N\u0103m 1904, b\u1ecdn Ph\u00e1p b\u1eaft phu \u0111\u1eafp con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng C\u1eeda R\u00e0o \u0111i Tr\u1ea5n Ninh, do \u0111\u00f3i kh\u00e1t v\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c qu\u00e1 n\u1eb7ng nh\u1ecdc, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecf x\u00e1c, g\u00e2y c\u1ea3nh tang t\u00f3c, \u0111au th\u01b0\u01a1ng. Th\u1ea3m k\u1ecbch \u201cC\u1eeda R\u00e0o\u201d g\u00e2y \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ea1nh trong t\u00e2m tr\u00ed Nguy\u1ec5n T\u1ea5t Th\u00e0nh. N\u0103m 1925, trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m B\u1ea3n \u00e1n ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i th\u1ea3m k\u1ecbch n\u00e0y: \u201cC\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u00e1c con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i \u0110\u00e0 N\u1eb5ng, \u0111i Tr\u1ea5n Ninh v\u00e0 \u0111i L\u00e0o c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft bao k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn. D\u00e2n phu ph\u1ea3i \u0111i b\u1ed9 h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m kil\u00f4m\u00e9t m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng. \u0110\u1ebfn n\u01a1i, h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i chui r\u00fac trong nh\u1eefng t\u00fap l\u1ec1u tranh th\u1ea3m h\u1ea1i. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ea3y may v\u1ec7 sinh; kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c y t\u1ebf. Tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ea1m ngh\u1ec9 ch\u00e2n, kh\u00f4ng nh\u00e0 t\u1ea1m tr\u00fa. H\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t su\u1ea5t c\u01a1m \u0103n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 no v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat c\u00e1 kh\u00f4 v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i u\u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ea9n, th\u1ee9 n\u01b0\u1edbc khe n\u00fai m\u00e0 h\u1ecd r\u1ea5t s\u1ee3. B\u1ec7nh ho\u1ea1n, c\u1ef1c nh\u1ecdc, h\u00e0nh h\u1ea1 t\u00e0n t\u1ec7 \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y n\u00ean ch\u1ebft ch\u00f3c kh\u1ee7ng khi\u1ebfp\u201d1. Qu\u00e3ng \u0111\u1eddi ni\u00ean thi\u1ebfu \u0111\u00e8n s\u00e1ch, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 v\u1edbi t\u01b0 ch\u1ea5t th\u00f4ng minh, Nguy\u1ec5n T\u1ea5t Th\u00e0nh n\u1eafm kh\u00e1 v\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c H\u00e1n v\u0103n v\u00e0 ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u00ed h\u01b0\u1edbng y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc, th\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a gia \u0111\u00ecnh, c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y d\u1ea1y ____________ 1. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, S\u0111d, t.2, tr.88. 106","v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c s\u0129 phu y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc trong v\u00f9ng. Qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u00ean n\u1ed9i \u1edf l\u00e0ng Sen, b\u00ean ngo\u1ea1i \u1edf l\u00e0ng Ho\u00e0ng Tr\u00f9 \u0111\u00e3 ghi d\u1ea5u \u1ea5n s\u00e2u s\u1eafc trong t\u00e2m tr\u00ed H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh ngay t\u1eeb tu\u1ed5i \u1ea5u th\u01a1. C\u00e1i n\u00f4i gia \u0111\u00ecnh, qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1eddi, c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng s\u00e2u s\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n T\u1ea5t Th\u00e0nh th\u1eddi ni\u00ean thi\u1ebfu. T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 Tr\u1ea7n D\u00e2n Ti\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft: \u201cKhi Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh c\u00f2n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ebfu ni\u00ean m\u01b0\u1eddi l\u0103m tu\u1ed5i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ebfu ni\u00ean \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 s\u1edbm hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t \u0111au x\u00f3t tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea3nh th\u1ed1ng kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o. L\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd, anh \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 ch\u00ed \u0111u\u1ed5i th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n, gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o\u201d1. Gia \u0111\u00ecnh l\u00e0 t\u1ebf b\u00e0o c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, c\u00e1i n\u00f4i nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, l\u00e0 n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1eddi d\u1ea1y \u201ch\u1ecdc \u0103n, h\u1ecdc n\u00f3i, h\u1ecdc g\u00f3i, h\u1ecdc m\u1edf\u201d. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf, trong nhi\u1ec1u b\u00e0i n\u00f3i, b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c T\u1ebft Trung thu h\u1eb1ng n\u0103m, Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh r\u1ea5t quan t\u00e2m v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf tr\u1ebb em h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp v\u00e0 r\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n t\u1eeb trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh. Ngay t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1945, trong Th\u01b0 g\u1eedi thi\u1ebfu nhi \u0111\u00eam Trung thu \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam m\u1edbi, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u1ebb em l\u00e0 \u201cnh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u1ec3u qu\u1ed1c d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cmong c\u00e1c em ra s\u1ee9c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp, em n\u00e0o ch\u01b0a bi\u1ebft th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc cho ____________ 1. Tr\u1ea7n D\u00e2n Ti\u00ean: Nh\u1eefng m\u1ea9u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eddi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a H\u1ed3 Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch, S\u0111d, tr.13. 107","bi\u1ebft\u201d, \u201cem ch\u01b0a bi\u1ebft th\u00ec anh b\u1ea3o, con ch\u01b0a bi\u1ebft th\u00ec cha m\u1eb9 b\u1ea3o\u201d. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f2n d\u1eb7n: \u201cC\u00e1c em ph\u1ea3i ngoan, \u1edf nh\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i nghe l\u1eddi b\u1ed1 m\u1eb9, \u0111i h\u1ecdc ph\u1ea3i si\u00eang n\u0103ng; \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ea7u b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i y\u00eau k\u00ednh. C\u00e1c em ph\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u01a1ng y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc ta. Mong c\u00e1c em mai sau l\u1edbn l\u00ean th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp t\u1ef1 do\u201d1. Ph\u1ea3i y\u00eau T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c, y\u00eau \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o; h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp t\u1ed1t, lao \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1t; \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft t\u1ed1t, k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt t\u1ed1t; gi\u1eef g\u00ecn v\u1ec7 sinh th\u1eadt t\u1ed1t; khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n, th\u1eadt th\u00e0, d\u0169ng c\u1ea3m. C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n sau \u0111\u00e2y cho th\u1ea5y Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh r\u1ea5t qu\u00fd tr\u1ecdng t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m gia \u0111\u00ecnh. \u0110\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed Tr\u1ea7n \u0110\u1ee9c Hi\u1ebfu k\u1ec3: \u201cSau phi\u00ean h\u1ecdp H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 (24-5-1948) c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u1edf l\u1ea1i \u0103n c\u01a1m chi\u1ec1u v\u1edbi B\u00e1c. Trong nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng r\u1ea5t vui v\u1ebb, k\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y c\u00f2n b\u00f4n ba h\u1ea3i ngo\u1ea1i, chuy\u1ec7n T\u00e2y, chuy\u1ec7n T\u00e0u \u0111\u1ee7 c\u1ea3. Nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ea1nh d\u1ea1n h\u1ecfi: V\u00ec sao B\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng l\u1eadp gia \u0111\u00ecnh? B\u00e1c c\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi: M\u00ecnh ch\u1eb3ng th\u1ea7n th\u00e1nh g\u00ec, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00f4i. Nh\u01b0ng v\u1edbi ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u00e3 qua v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n nay, c\u00f2n c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0o m\u00e0 ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec7n l\u1eadp gia \u0111\u00ecnh, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u00ec \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c m\u00e0 l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c \u0111\u00f3 th\u00f4i. Nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a lo \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gia \u0111\u00ecnh nh\u1ecf th\u00ec ta h\u00e3y lo cho gia \u0111\u00ecnh l\u1edbn \u0111\u00e3 v\u1eady. M\u1ed3 c\u00f4i m\u1eb9 t\u1eeb n\u0103m l\u00ean ch\u00edn tu\u1ed5i. M\u01b0\u1eddi n\u0103m sau gi\u00e3 ____________ 1. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, S\u0111d, t.4, tr.26. 108","bi\u1ec7t cha gi\u00e0, \u0111i t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee9u n\u01b0\u1edbc. Anh m\u1ea5t r\u1ed3i ch\u1ecb m\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ch\u0103m lo. C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, B\u00e1c H\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta r\u1ea5t qu\u00fd tr\u1ecdng t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m gia \u0111\u00ecnh, c\u01a1 s\u1edf b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng c\u1ee7a l\u00f2ng y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc, th\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u00e2n. \u1ede B\u00e1c, nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m l\u1edbn, d\u00f9 s\u00e2u s\u1eafc, m\u00eanh m\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2u c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd che khu\u1ea5t hay \u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m ri\u00eang t\u01b0. B\u00e1c H\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i g\u1eafng g\u1ecfi v\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00ean nh\u1eefng ph\u00fat c\u00f4 \u0111\u01a1n... M\u1ed9t h\u00f4m, b\u00e0 Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Chinh d\u1eaft c\u00f4 con g\u00e1i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh l\u00ean th\u0103m B\u00e1c, c\u00f3 \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f4 b\u00e9 l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi B\u00e1c m\u1ea5y h\u00f4m \u0111\u1ee1 bu\u1ed3n. L\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00ean v\u1edbi B\u00e1c, c\u00f4 b\u00e9 r\u1ea5t th\u00edch, vui v\u1ebb nh\u1eadn l\u1eddi. Nh\u01b0ng khi chi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ebfn, b\u00e0 xin ph\u00e9p B\u00e1c ra v\u1ec1, trong c\u1ea3nh u t\u1ecbch, v\u1eafng v\u1ebb, c\u00f4 b\u00e9 \u0111\u1ed5i \u00fd, kh\u00f3c \u0111\u00f2i v\u1ec1 v\u1edbi m\u1eb9. Kh\u00f4ng gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, B\u00e1c ti\u1ec5n m\u1eb9 con ra \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea7u d\u1ed1c v\u00e0 c\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ee9ng nh\u00ecn theo m\u00e3i. Khi B\u00e1c quay v\u1ec1, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u00f4i m\u1eaft B\u00e1c long lanh \u01b0\u1edbt. B\u00e1c n\u00f3i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed xung quanh: Ch\u00fang ta ai c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u1ea5m c\u00fang. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0u t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m, l\u1ea1i qu\u00fd tr\u1ecdng cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng gia \u0111\u00ecnh, ch\u1eb3ng qua v\u00ec ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i n\u00ean ch\u01b0a th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, \u0111\u00e0nh ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng m\u00e0 th\u00f4i\u201d1. ____________ 1. Ban T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng - V\u0103n h\u00f3a Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng: M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y v\u00e0 m\u1ea9u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh, Nxb. Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c gia, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 2007, tr.114-115. 109","Ghi nh\u1edb l\u1eddi Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh c\u0103n d\u1eb7n: \u201cGi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u00e1c em l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c CHUNG c\u1ee7a gia \u0111\u00ecnh, tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. B\u1ed1 m\u1eb9, th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn ph\u1ea3i c\u00f9ng nhau ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch; tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m g\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1eabu cho c\u00e1c em tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c\u201d1. 2. H\u1ecdc \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1edbp Gi\u1eefa n\u0103m 1906, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u00ec ho\u00e3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam n\u1eefa, \u00f4ng Nguy\u1ec5n Sinh S\u1eafc ph\u1ea3i v\u00e0o Hu\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1edd \u201cb\u1ed5 nhi\u1ec7m\u201d l\u00e0m quan. Nguy\u1ec5n T\u1ea5t Th\u00e0nh c\u00f9ng anh trai Nguy\u1ec5n Sinh Khi\u00eam theo cha v\u00e0o Hu\u1ebf. T\u1ea1i Hu\u1ebf, th\u00e1ng 9-1906, Nguy\u1ec5n T\u1ea5t Th\u00e0nh v\u00e0o h\u1ecdc l\u1edbp d\u1ef1 b\u1ecb, th\u00e1ng 9-1907 v\u00e0o h\u1ecdc l\u1edbp s\u01a1 \u0111\u1eb3ng Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Ti\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc \u0110\u00f4ng Ba, th\u00e1ng 9-1908 v\u00e0o h\u1ecdc l\u1edbp Trung \u0111\u1eb3ng Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ecdc Hu\u1ebf. C\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y d\u1ea1y ch\u1eef qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef, ch\u1eef Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 ch\u1eef H\u00e1n, ri\u00eang ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef ch\u00ednh d\u1ea1y trong Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ecdc Hu\u1ebf. \u0110i\u1ec1u th\u1ee9c th\u1eddi v\u00e0 s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng Nguy\u1ec5n Sinh S\u1eafc l\u00e0 s\u1edbm nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u00f4ng Du kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed3. V\u1edbi nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u1ea5y, \u00f4ng s\u1edbm h\u01b0\u1edbng cho hai con trai m\u00ecnh s\u1edbm chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb h\u1ecdc H\u00e1n v\u0103n sang h\u1ecdc Ph\u00e1p v\u0103n, chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho Nguy\u1ec5n T\u1ea5t Th\u00e0nh \u0111i theo con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1edbi. Ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng, anh c\u00f2n lo vi\u1ec7c n\u1ed9i tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap cha v\u00e0 c\u00f2n nh\u1edd ng\u01b0\u1eddi ____________ 1. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, S\u0111d, t.10, tr.175. 110","m\u01b0\u1ee3n s\u00e1ch \u1edf th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ecdc. C\u0169ng t\u1ea1i Hu\u1ebf, anh \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p b\u00f3c l\u1ed9t, khinh mi\u1ec7t d\u00e2n ta, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghe v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng \u00f4ng vua y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u1ed1ng Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u00e0n lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c s\u0129 phu y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi. Th\u1eddi gian h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp \u1edf Hu\u1ebf tuy kh\u00f4ng d\u00e0i, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch con ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nguy\u1ec5n T\u1ea5t Th\u00e0nh. \u0110\u00fang nh\u01b0 Th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng Ph\u1ea1m V\u0103n \u0110\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft: \u201cHu\u1ebf, Kinh \u0111\u00f4 tri\u1ec1u Nguy\u1ec5n l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd, c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi tu\u1ed5i ni\u00ean thi\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n T\u1ea5t Th\u00e0nh\u201d1. N\u0103m 1908, n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n Trung K\u1ef3 n\u1ed5i d\u1eady ch\u1ed1ng thu\u1ebf, Nguy\u1ec5n T\u1ea5t Th\u00e0nh tham gia cu\u1ed9c bi\u1ec3u t\u00ecnh ch\u1ed1ng thu\u1ebf c\u1ee7a n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n Th\u1eeba Thi\u00ean, v\u00ec nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc, n\u00ean b\u1ecb th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p \u0111u\u1ed5i h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd theo d\u00f5i2. N\u0103m 1909, anh theo cha v\u00e0o huy\u1ec7n B\u00ecnh Kh\u00ea, t\u1ec9nh B\u00ecnh \u0110\u1ecbnh nh\u00e2n vi\u1ec7c \u00f4ng Nguy\u1ec5n Sinh S\u1eafc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eed l\u00e0m Tri huy\u1ec7n. \u1ede \u0111\u00f3, anh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cha g\u1eedi \u0111\u1ebfn Quy Nh\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc th\u00eam ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p v\u1edbi th\u1ea7y Ph\u1ea1m Ng\u1ecdc Th\u1ecd \u1edf Tr\u01b0\u1eddng ____________ 1. Ph\u1ea1m V\u0103n \u0110\u1ed3ng: H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh - Tinh hoa v\u00e0 kh\u00ed ph\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, Nxb. Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c gia, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 2009, tr.514-515. 2. Xem H\u1ed3 s\u01a1 c\u1ee7a m\u1eadt th\u00e1m Ph\u00e1p, t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u l\u01b0u t\u1ea1i B\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh. 111","Ph\u00e1p - Vi\u1ec7t Quy Nh\u01a1n. \u0110\u1ea7u n\u0103m 1910, nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tin cha b\u1ecb tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh b\u00e3i ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 tri\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 Hu\u1ebf, Nguy\u1ec5n T\u1ea5t Th\u00e0nh quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111i v\u00e0o S\u00e0i G\u00f2n, tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i c\u00f3 d\u1eebng ch\u00e2n \u1edf Phan Thi\u1ebft. Do h\u1ebft ti\u1ec1n, anh xin v\u00e0o d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc \u1edf Tr\u01b0\u1eddng D\u1ee5c Thanh v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t t\u1eadn t\u00e2m, h\u1ebft l\u00f2ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng y\u00eau, ch\u0103m s\u00f3c h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111em ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c thu nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 th\u01a1 ca y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn cho h\u1ecd. \u0110\u1ea7u n\u0103m 1911, Nguy\u1ec5n T\u1ea5t Th\u00e0nh r\u1eddi \u0111i S\u00e0i G\u00f2n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ho\u00e0i b\u00e3o t\u1eebng nung n\u1ea5u l\u00e0 t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch sang Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 \u201cxem h\u1ecd l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o r\u1ed3i tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o\u201d. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i, th\u1eddi ni\u00ean thi\u1ebfu, v\u00ec t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u00ec ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u00fd ch\u00ed quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m ra \u0111i t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee9u n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00ean Nguy\u1ec5n T\u1ea5t Th\u00e0nh kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1edbp ch\u00ednh quy. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ra n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi thanh ni\u00ean y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc Nguy\u1ec5n T\u1ea5t Th\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a gia \u0111\u00ecnh, qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a Kinh \u0111\u00f4 Hu\u1ebf, t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 v\u0103n h\u00f3a nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y. Khi h\u1ecdc \u1edf Hu\u1ebf v\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u1edf Tr\u01b0\u1eddng D\u1ee5c Thanh, anh \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m quen v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a V\u00f4nte, R\u00fatx\u00f4, M\u00f4ngt\u00e9txki\u01a1... T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c thu nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1edbp, \u1edf th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ec3 Nguy\u1ec5n T\u1ea5t Th\u00e0nh ti\u1ebfp thu c\u00f3 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc tinh hoa v\u0103n h\u00f3a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, t\u1ea1o n\u00ean v\u1ed1n ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn v\u00e0 uy\u00ean b\u00e1c. 112","B\u1eb1ng tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n, Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh cho r\u1eb1ng, h\u1ecdc \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1edbp c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed7i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Ngay t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1925, trong B\u00e1o c\u00e1o g\u1eedi Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n, Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1i Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft: \u201c\u0110\u1ea1i \u0111a s\u1ed1 n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n b\u1ecb th\u1ea5t h\u1ecdc. C\u00f2n n\u1eef thanh ni\u00ean v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n th\u00ec tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf b\u1ecb t\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ecdi lo\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc v\u1ea5n. S\u1ef1 d\u1ed1t n\u00e1t \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn cho n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 d\u1ec5 sai khi\u1ebfn trong tay th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c ph\u1ea3n c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng\u201d1. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf, n\u0103m 1927, khi c\u00f2n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf Qu\u1ea3ng Ch\u00e2u, Trung Qu\u1ed1c, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf c\u00e1c l\u1edbp \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o nh\u1eefng thanh ni\u00ean y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc trong t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c H\u1ed9i Vi\u1ec7t Nam C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Thanh ni\u00ean do Ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi g\u1eedi thanh ni\u00ean, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i h\u1ecdc t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00ednh quy nh\u01b0: Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 Ho\u00e0ng Ph\u1ed1, Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Qu\u00e2n ch\u00ednh kh\u00e1ng Nh\u1eadt \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c, Tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00f4ng \u1edf Li\u00ean X\u00f4, v.v.. Trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfn s\u0129 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng ti\u1ec1n b\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam nh\u01b0: Tr\u1ea7n Ph\u00fa, H\u00e0 Huy T\u1eadp, L\u00ea H\u1ed3ng Phong, Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u1ee9c C\u1ea3nh, Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u00e2n L\u0129nh, Tr\u1ecbnh \u0110\u00ecnh C\u1eedu, Ph\u00f9ng Ch\u00ed Ki\u00ean, Ph\u1ea1m V\u0103n \u0110\u1ed3ng, v.v.. Tr\u00ean c\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, d\u00f9 b\u1eadn tr\u0103m c\u00f4ng ng\u00e0n vi\u1ec7c, nh\u01b0ng Ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eabn th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan t\u00e2m, ____________ 1. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, S\u0111d, t.2, tr.194. 113","ch\u0103m lo \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 thanh, thi\u1ebfu ni\u00ean, ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf: Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft, l\u00e0 h\u1ecdc ch\u1eef, sau \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd, l\u00e0m t\u00ednh, khoa h\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, khoa h\u1ecdc x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i; h\u1ecdc \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng, h\u1ecdc \u1edf s\u00e1ch v\u1edf; ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc th\u00eam, ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc m\u00e3i; r\u1eb1ng t\u1ef1 m\u00e3n, t\u1ef1 ki\u00eau l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 b\u00f3 m\u00ecnh l\u1ea1i, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, v.v.. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u00ean: \u201cT\u1eeb ti\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc, trung h\u1ecdc, cho \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc, l\u00e0 n\u01a1i r\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n nhi \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 thanh ni\u00ean. \u00d3c nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu\u1ed5i tr\u1ebb trong s\u1ea1ch nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m l\u1ee5a tr\u1eafng. Nhu\u1ed9m xanh th\u00ec n\u00f3 s\u1ebd xanh. Nhu\u1ed9m \u0111\u1ecf th\u00ec n\u00f3 s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ecf. V\u00ec v\u1eady s\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp \u1edf trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn cho t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a thanh ni\u00ean, v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a thanh ni\u00ean t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u00e0. V\u00ec v\u1eady, c\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i d\u1ea1y cho h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2 bi\u1ebft y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc, th\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00f2i. Ph\u1ea3i d\u1ea1y cho h\u1ecd c\u00f3 ch\u00ed t\u1ef1 l\u1eadp, t\u1ef1 c\u01b0\u1eddng, quy\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu thua k\u00e9m ai, quy\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu l\u00e0m n\u00f4 l\u1ec7\u201d1. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf, ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef l\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc, \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e2u ch\u1ecb em b\u1ecb k\u00ecm h\u00e3m, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u00fac ch\u1ecb em ph\u1ea3i c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ecbp nam gi\u1edbi, \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed trong n\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n b\u1ea7u c\u1eed v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng c\u1eed. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi con em ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0103n d\u1eb7n, nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c em l\u00e0 thi \u0111ua h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec3 sau n\u00e0y g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c ____________ 1. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, S\u0111d, t.5, tr.120. 114","m\u1edf mang qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam y\u00eau qu\u00fd. Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh n\u00f3i t\u1ea1i Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Thanh ni\u00ean lao \u0111\u1ed9ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a H\u00f2a B\u00ecnh n\u0103m 1962: \u201cTr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y d\u1ea1y cho thanh ni\u00ean v\u1eeba h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp, v\u1eeba lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t... Tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y l\u00fac tu\u1ed5i thanh ni\u00ean, B\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf Ph\u00e1p, c\u0169ng v\u1eeba lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, v\u1eeba h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp, nh\u01b0ng l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 cho \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c. B\u00e1c ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfm s\u1ed1ng, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn d\u00e0nh th\u00ec gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp, ng\u00e0y lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, \u0111\u00eam h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp, ch\u1ee9 B\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e2u. V\u00ec v\u1eady, B\u00e1c khuy\u00ean c\u00e1c ch\u00e1u lao \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a\u201d1. Ghi nh\u1edb l\u1eddi Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh c\u0103n d\u1eb7n: \u201cTr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc ph\u1ea3i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u1edbi gia \u0111\u00ecnh, v\u1edbi x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. C\u00e1c \u0111o\u00e0n th\u1ec3 thanh ni\u00ean, ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef, c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p \u1ee7y \u0111\u1ea3ng ph\u1ea3i th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a con em m\u00ecnh h\u01a1n n\u1eefa\u201d2. 3. H\u1ecdc t\u1eeb b\u1ea1n b\u00e8, t\u1eeb nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n V\u1ec1 h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb b\u1ea1n b\u00e8. T\u1ee5c ng\u1eef Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f3 c\u00e2u: \u201cH\u1ecdc th\u1ea7y kh\u00f4ng t\u00e0y h\u1ecdc b\u1ea1n\u201d. Th\u00e0nh ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c M\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 c\u00e2u: \u201cMu\u1ed1n h\u1ecdc hay, h\u1ecdc th\u1ea7y ba, h\u1ecdc b\u1ea1n b\u1ea3y\u201d. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00fd coi nh\u1eb9 ____________ 1. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, S\u0111d, t.13, tr.437. 2. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, S\u0111d, t.14, tr.747. 115","vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea7y, m\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i l\u00ean r\u1eb1ng, ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1edbp v\u1edbi th\u1ea7y, m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi th\u00eam v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 v\u1edbi b\u1ea1n b\u00e8 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ea3m, d\u1ec5 chia s\u1ebb, d\u1ec5 trao \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 thu nh\u1eadn th\u00eam nhi\u1ec1u ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c, kinh nghi\u1ec7m t\u1eeb h\u1ecd, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 \u00fd mu\u1ed1n khuy\u00ean b\u1ea3o ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft t\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i, nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ed7, nhi\u1ec1u ngu\u1ed3n. B\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh s\u1ef1 tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n, Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh khuy\u00ean m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc ngay trong b\u1ea1n b\u00e8. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn kinh nghi\u1ec7m: \u201cNgo\u00e0i c\u00e1ch h\u1ecdc \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng, \u1edf l\u1edbp, h\u1ecdc tr\u00ean s\u00e1ch, b\u00e1o, v.v., c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u1ecdc r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t ai c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tham gia h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp ngay trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi, nh\u1eefng t\u1ed5, nh\u1eefng \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn\u201d1. Theo Ng\u01b0\u1eddi, trong nh\u1eefng b\u1ea1n b\u00e8, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0 trong ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp v\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1ed1t c\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp, \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap cho h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a ta ti\u1ebfn nhanh, ti\u1ebfn m\u1ea1nh. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f2n d\u1eb7n, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft h\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i hay, c\u00e1i t\u1ed1t, tr\u00e1nh c\u00e1i d\u1edf, c\u00e1i x\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi trung b\u00ecnh ho\u1eb7c ch\u1eadm ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap ta ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9. R\u1eb1ng, ph\u1ea3i d\u1ed1c l\u00f2ng h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1ed1t \u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i ____________ 1. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, S\u0111d, t.12, tr.528. 116","ti\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady m\u1edbi l\u00e0m cho s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a ta ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng d\u1ed3i d\u00e0o, tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng, nghi\u1ec7p v\u1ee5 c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a ta ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng n\u00e2ng cao. Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi l\u1eabn nhau. N\u0103m 1968, khi b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n lo\u1ea1i s\u00e1ch Ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t, vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed1t, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00eau: \u201cCon g\u00e1i c\u00f3 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc con trai, h\u1ecdc anh em, ch\u1ed3ng con m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng? Con trai c\u00f3 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc con g\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng? Tr\u1ebb em c\u00f3 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng? B\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9i c\u00f3 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng? Ti\u1ec1n tuy\u1ebfn c\u00f3 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc h\u1eadu ph\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00f4ng? Anh h\u00f9ng chi\u1ebfn s\u0129 c\u00f3 c\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng? C\u00e1n b\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean c\u00f3 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng? C\u1ea5p tr\u00ean c\u00f3 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc c\u1ea5p d\u01b0\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng? Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u00fa c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd v\u1edbi B\u00e1c: M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft h\u1ecdc nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u201d1. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebfu nhi, Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng khuy\u00ean th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch r\u1eb1ng, trong l\u00fac h\u1ecdc c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m cho ch\u00fang vui, trong l\u00fac vui c\u0169ng l\u00e0m cho ch\u00fang h\u1ecdc, ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 \u1edf trong nh\u00e0, \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc, \u1edf x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec1u vui \u0111\u1ec1u h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f2n d\u1eb7n: Ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp trong vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m ____________ 1. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, S\u0111d, t.15, tr.665. 117","h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y, trong vi\u1ec7c l\u1edbn c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c nh\u1ecf, vi\u1ec7c cao c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c th\u1ea5p. C\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i d\u1ea1y cho h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2 bi\u1ebft y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc, th\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00f2i. Ph\u1ea3i d\u1ea1y cho h\u1ecd c\u00f3 ch\u00ed t\u1ef1 l\u1eadp, t\u1ef1 c\u01b0\u1eddng, quy\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu thua k\u00e9m ai, quy\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu l\u00e0m n\u00f4 l\u1ec7. Tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb b\u1ea1n b\u00e8. Hai c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n sau \u0111\u00e2y cho th\u1ea5y, h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb b\u1ea1n b\u00e8 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh. C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t: \u0110\u1ea7u n\u0103m 1913, Nguy\u1ec5n T\u1ea5t Th\u00e0nh r\u1eddi M\u1ef9 t\u1edbi Anh. T\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1eb7p m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111\u00f4i b\u1ea1n th\u00e2n, c\u00f9ng nhau v\u1eeba l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ebfm s\u1ed1ng, v\u1eeba gi\u00fap nhau h\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfng Anh. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00f3 k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i: T\u00f4i h\u1ecfi anh Ba: Ai \u0111\u01b0a anh \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y, \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01b0\u1edbc Anh?. Anh Ba tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi: T\u00f4i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y, m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfng Anh. T\u00f4i n\u00f3i: Hay \u0111\u1ea5y, nh\u01b0ng ti\u1ebfng Anh r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 h\u1ecdc. \u0110\u00e3 hai n\u0103m t\u00f4i \u1edf th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 n\u00e0y m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft h\u01a1n, ngo\u00e0i hai ch\u1eef Yes v\u00e0 No (V\u00e2ng v\u00e0 Kh\u00f4ng). Anh Ba n\u00f3i: Ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc ch\u1ee9. Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd c\u00f9ng nhau h\u1ecdc1. C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n th\u1ee9 hai: N\u0103m 1919, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0o \u0110\u1ea3ng X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Ph\u00e1p, ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u1edf Ph\u00e1p b\u00eanh v\u1ef1c c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba. V\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y, ____________ 1. Xem Tr\u1ea7n D\u00e2n Ti\u00ean: Nh\u1eefng m\u1ea9u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eddi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a H\u1ed3 Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch, S\u0111d, tr.27. 118","\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i: \u201cL\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd, t\u00f4i \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Th\u00e1ng M\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 theo c\u1ea3m t\u00ednh t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. T\u00f4i ch\u01b0a hi\u1ec3u h\u1ebft t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a n\u00f3... T\u00f4i tham gia \u0110\u1ea3ng X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Ph\u00e1p ch\u1eb3ng qua l\u00e0 v\u00ec c\u00e1c \u201c\u00f4ng b\u00e0\u201d \u1ea5y - (h\u1ed3i \u0111\u00f3 t\u00f4i g\u1ecdi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf) - \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ecf \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00ecnh v\u1edbi t\u00f4i, v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c b\u1ecb \u00e1p b\u1ee9c. C\u00f2n nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea3ng l\u00e0 g\u00ec, c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u00e0n l\u00e0 g\u00ec, ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n l\u00e0 g\u00ec, th\u00ec t\u00f4i ch\u01b0a hi\u1ec3u... \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, t\u00f4i c\u1ea7n nh\u1eafc th\u00eam r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed M\u00e1cxen Casanh, Vay\u0103ng Cutuyari\u00ea, M\u00f4ngm\u00fatx\u00f4 v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 t\u00f4i hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft th\u00eam. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u1edf \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Tua, t\u00f4i c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed \u1ea5y bi\u1ec3u quy\u1ebft t\u00e1n th\u00e0nh tham gia Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf th\u1ee9 ba\u201d1. Ghi nh\u1edb l\u1eddi Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh c\u0103n d\u1eb7n: \u201cMu\u1ed1n ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 m\u00e3i th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp. H\u1ecdc trong s\u00e1ch b\u00e1o, h\u1ecdc trong c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c, h\u1ecdc v\u1edbi anh em, h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang. H\u1ecdc t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m, s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m\u201d2. V\u1ec1 h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n. Th\u1ea5m nhu\u1ea7n s\u00e2u s\u1eafc quan \u0111i\u1ec3m \u201cqu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o ra l\u1ecbch s\u1eed\u201d, \u201cn\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ea5y d\u00e2n l\u00e0m g\u1ed1c\u201d, \u201cch\u1edf thuy\u1ec1n c\u0169ng l\u00e0 d\u00e2n, l\u1eadt thuy\u1ec1n c\u0169ng l\u00e0 d\u00e2n\u201d, \u201cd\u00e2n l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7\u201d, ____________ 1. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, S\u0111d, t.12, tr.561-563. 2. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, S\u0111d, t.8, tr.143. 119","n\u00ean Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh c\u00f3 ni\u1ec1m tin m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t v\u00e0o s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n trong c\u00e1c phong tr\u00e0o c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i c\u00e2u n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o Qu\u1ea3ng B\u00ecnh: \u201cD\u1ec5 m\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng d\u00e2n c\u0169ng ch\u1ecbu. Kh\u00f3 tr\u0103m l\u1ea7n d\u00e2n li\u1ec7u c\u0169ng xong\u201d1. Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean c\u0103n d\u1eb7n c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean trong ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea3i \u0111i s\u00e2u, \u0111i s\u00e1t qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang, ph\u1ea3i d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o d\u00e2n. B\u1edfi nh\u01b0 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e2n t\u00edch: L\u00e0m c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, m\u00e0 c\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f9ng l\u00e0m; mu\u1ed1n d\u00e2n gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 \u0111i tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n, v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c d\u00e2n th\u00ec d\u00e2n m\u1edbi t\u1ef1 gi\u00e1c l\u00e0m c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng. Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111i s\u00e2u, \u0111i s\u00e1t m\u00e0 c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, v\u00ec nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n tr\u0103m tai ngh\u00ecn m\u1eaft, l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u00fd ki\u1ebfn r\u1ea5t th\u00f4ng minh, kinh nghi\u1ec7m, s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u, gi\u00fap cho c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i: \u201cCh\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng: l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n ch\u00fang nhi\u1ec1u v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng. Kinh nghi\u1ec7m trong n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ecf cho ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft: c\u00f3 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u00e2n ch\u00fang vi\u1ec7c to t\u00e1t m\u1ea5y, kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n m\u1ea5y l\u00e0m c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Kh\u00f4ng ____________ 1. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, S\u0111d, t.15, tr.280. 120","c\u00f3, th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec l\u00e0m c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng xong. D\u00e2n ch\u00fang bi\u1ebft gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3n \u0111\u01a1n, mau ch\u00f3ng, \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e0i gi\u1ecfi, nh\u1eefng \u0111o\u00e0n th\u1ec3 to l\u1edbn, ngh\u0129 m\u00e3i kh\u00f4ng ra\u201d1. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh c\u00f2n n\u00f3i r\u00f5, d\u00e2n hay so s\u00e1nh m\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng so s\u00e1nh \u0111\u00fang, gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u00fang, v\u00ec tai m\u1eaft h\u1ecd nhi\u1ec1u, vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec h\u1ecd c\u0169ng nghe, c\u0169ng th\u1ea5y, v\u00ec s\u1ef1 so s\u00e1nh k\u1ef9 c\u00e0ng \u0111\u00f3, m\u00e0 c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng g\u1ecdn g\u00e0ng, h\u1ee3p l\u00fd, c\u00f4ng b\u00ecnh, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch h\u1ecdc m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. B\u1edfi d\u00e2n ch\u00fang r\u1ea5t kh\u00f4n kh\u00e9o, r\u1ea5t h\u0103ng h\u00e1i, r\u1ea5t anh h\u00f9ng. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc d\u00e2n ch\u00fang, ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecfi d\u00e2n ch\u00fang, ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u d\u00e2n ch\u00fang. Mu\u1ed1n h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi d\u00e2n, ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t t\u00ecnh, c\u00f3 quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m, ph\u1ea3i khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n, ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu kh\u00f3. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00eau nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc, vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecfi d\u00e2n, h\u1ecdc d\u00e2n; vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i b\u00e0n b\u1ea1c v\u1edbi d\u00e2n, gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch cho d\u00e2n, c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e2n y\u00eau, d\u00e2n tin, d\u00e2n ph\u1ee5c; ph\u1ea3i y\u00eau d\u00e2n, k\u00ednh d\u00e2n th\u00ec d\u00e2n m\u1edbi y\u00eau ta, k\u00ednh ta. D\u00e2n ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u00f2ng, vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec c\u0169ng l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c; d\u00e2n ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9, vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec l\u00e0m c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh; vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec l\u1ee3i cho d\u00e2n ta ph\u1ea3i h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c l\u00e0m, vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec h\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn d\u00e2n ta ph\u1ea3i h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c tr\u00e1nh. \u201cN\u00f3i t\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, c\u00e1ch t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n, tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n, kh\u1ea9u hi\u1ec7u, vi\u1ebft b\u00e1o, v.v. ____________ 1. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, S\u0111d, t.5, tr.335. 121","c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i l\u1ea5y c\u00e2u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m khu\u00f4n ph\u00e9p: \u201cT\u1eeb trong qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang ra. V\u1ec1 s\u00e2u trong qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang\u201d\u201d1. Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i lu\u00f4n g\u1ea7n g\u0169i d\u00e2n, ra s\u1ee9c nghe ng\u00f3ng, hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u nguy\u1ec7n v\u1ecdng ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi d\u00e2n. L\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ph\u1ea3i b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n, gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch, c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ed9ng, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, ph\u1ea3i d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c. Nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 tr\u00ean ph\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh song song v\u1edbi nhau. V\u00ec kh\u00f4ng g\u1ea7n g\u0169i d\u00e2n th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft d\u00e2n, kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft d\u00e2n th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng kinh nghi\u1ec7m, s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi d\u00e2n th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e2n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f2n nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh: \u201cC\u00f3 bi\u1ebft l\u00e0m h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2 d\u00e2n, m\u1edbi l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea7y h\u1ecdc d\u00e2n\u201d2. N\u0103m 1968, tuy s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe \u0111\u00e3 y\u1ebfu, nh\u01b0ng khi b\u00e0n v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m v\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n lo\u1ea1i s\u00e1ch Ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t, vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed1t, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng \u00fd ki\u1ebfn t\u1ebf nh\u1ecb v\u00e0 s\u1eafc s\u1ea3o: \u201cB\u00e1c bi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ch\u00fa v\u0103n hay ch\u1eef t\u1ed1t, nh\u01b0ng d\u00f9 sao, nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n tr\u0103m tai ngh\u00ecn m\u1eaft v\u1eabn c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u00fd ki\u1ebfn th\u00f4ng minh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap cho c\u00e1c ch\u00fa ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 h\u01a1n. Kh\u00f4ng ri\u00eang g\u00ec vi\u1ebft s\u00e1ch vi\u1ebft b\u00e1o, m\u00e0 c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c g\u00ec mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t ____________ 1. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, S\u0111d, t.5, tr.288. 2. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, S\u0111d, t.6, tr.432. 122","\u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i coi tr\u1ecdng \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n\u201d1. Tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft s\u00e2u s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh v\u1ec1 h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n. C\u1ed1 Th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng Ph\u1ea1m V\u0103n \u0110\u1ed3ng - ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 v\u1edbi Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft: \u201cNh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam tin H\u1ed3 Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch, nghe H\u1ed3 Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch, theo H\u1ed3 Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch, l\u00e0 v\u00ec su\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eddi H\u1ed3 Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch r\u1ea5t tin t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam, hy sinh chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u v\u00ec l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Hi\u1ec7n nay v\u00e0 sau n\u00e0y, tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng, H\u1ed3 Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch hy sinh chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u \u0111\u01b0a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i th\u00ec nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n l\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng tin t\u01b0\u1edfng. \u0110\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n. Ch\u00fang ta l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u0169ng h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 th\u1ea7y d\u1ea1y nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng l\u00e0 h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n. Ch\u00fang ta mu\u1ed1n l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp, mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m th\u1ea7y d\u1ea1y th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2 qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n v\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u00e0ng h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u bao nhi\u00eau th\u00ec c\u00e0ng l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o v\u1eefng v\u00e0ng s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t b\u1ea5y nhi\u00eau. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 n\u1ed9i dung quan \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, quan \u0111i\u1ec3m qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang c\u1ee7a H\u1ed3 Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch\u201d2. ____________ 1. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, S\u0111d, t.15, tr.668. 2. Ph\u1ea1m V\u0103n \u0110\u1ed3ng: H\u1ecdc Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh - Ch\u00fang ta h\u1ecdc g\u00ec?, S\u0111d, tr.41. 123","Ghi nh\u1edb l\u1eddi Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh c\u0103n d\u1eb7n: \u201cH\u1ecdc \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng, h\u1ecdc \u1edf s\u00e1ch v\u1edf, h\u1ecdc l\u1eabn nhau v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, kh\u00f4ng h\u1ecdc nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebfu s\u00f3t r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn\u201d1. III- H\u1eccC L\u00dd LU\u1eacN CH\u00cdNH TR\u1eca, H\u1eccC TRONG TH\u1ef0C TI\u1ec4N, H\u1eccC \u0110I \u0110\u00d4I V\u1edaI H\u00c0NH 1. H\u1ecdc l\u00fd lu\u1eadn ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd nh\u1eadn m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 l\u00fd lu\u1eadn, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m, nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i n\u00f3i, b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u1ebft tinh nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb l\u00fd lu\u1eadn ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb s\u00e2u s\u1eafc, nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 mang t\u00ednh ch\u00e2n l\u00fd. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp v\u00e0 r\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng m\u1ec7t m\u1ecfi \u1edf Ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Trong b\u00e0i Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a L\u00eanin, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft: \u201cL\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u, ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc, ch\u1ee9 ch\u01b0a ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a t\u00f4i tin theo L\u00eanin, tin theo Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf th\u1ee9 ba. T\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t, trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh, v\u1eeba nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u l\u00fd lu\u1eadn M\u00e1c - L\u00eanin, v\u1eeba l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n t\u00f4i hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n m\u1edbi gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c b\u1ecb \u00e1p b\u1ee9c v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi kh\u1ecfi \u00e1ch n\u00f4 l\u1ec7\u201d2. ____________ 1. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, S\u0111d, t.6, tr.361. 2. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, S\u0111d, t.12, tr.563. 124","N\u00f3i v\u1ec1 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp l\u00fd lu\u1eadn ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh d\u1eabn c\u00e2u n\u00f3i n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a L\u00eanin: Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u00fd lu\u1eadn c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 theo l\u00fd lu\u1eadn c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng ti\u1ec1n phong, \u0111\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng m\u1edbi l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng ti\u1ec1n phong. Th\u1ea5u su\u1ed1t quan \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3, ngay t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1927, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft cu\u1ed1n \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1ch m\u1ec7nh l\u00e0m t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp l\u00fd lu\u1eadn ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb cho l\u1edbp chi\u1ebfn s\u0129 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng ti\u1ec1n b\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng ta. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m l\u00fd lu\u1eadn ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ta theo quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c - L\u00eanin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc ta, tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf k\u1ebf th\u1eeba truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 tinh hoa v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ea3ng ta \u0111\u01b0a c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111i t\u1eeb th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i kh\u00e1c. V\u1ec1 h\u1ecdc l\u00fd lu\u1eadn ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, theo Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u l\u00fd lu\u1eadn l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch: L\u00fd lu\u1eadn l\u00e0 \u0111em th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, trong kinh nghi\u1ec7m, trong c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh, xem x\u00e9t, so s\u00e1nh th\u1eadt k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, l\u00e0m th\u00e0nh k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn, r\u1ed3i \u0111em n\u00f3 ch\u1ee9ng minh v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd lu\u1eadn ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh. Th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n cho hay, nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1eafc v\u00e0o b\u1ec7nh ch\u1ee7 quan m\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 k\u00e9m l\u00fd lu\u1eadn, khinh l\u00fd lu\u1eadn ho\u1eb7c l\u00fd lu\u1eadn su\u00f4ng, n\u00ean vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng l\u00fd lu\u1eadn v\u00e0o ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1, kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 125","v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf. V\u00ec k\u00e9m l\u00fd lu\u1eadn, cho n\u00ean g\u1eb7p vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft xem x\u00e9t cho r\u00f5, kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc cho \u0111\u00fang, kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft x\u1eed l\u00fd cho kh\u00e9o, kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft nh\u1eadn r\u00f5 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh kh\u00e1ch quan, \u00fd m\u00ecnh ngh\u0129 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0m th\u1ebf \u1ea5y, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc l\u00fd lu\u1eadn ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, v\u00ec c\u00f3 h\u1ecdc l\u00fd lu\u1eadn ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb m\u1edbi c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng, gi\u1eef v\u1eefng l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng, n\u00e2ng cao s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, m\u1edbi l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f2n cho r\u1eb1ng: \u201cH\u1ecdc l\u00fd lu\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i m\u00e9p, nh\u01b0ng bi\u1ebft l\u00fd lu\u1eadn m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh l\u00e0 l\u00fd lu\u1eadn su\u00f4ng. H\u1ecdc l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m. L\u00e0m m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u00fd lu\u1eadn th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c g\u00ec \u0111i m\u00f2 trong \u0111\u00eam t\u1ed1i, v\u1eeba ch\u1eadm ch\u1ea1p v\u1eeba hay v\u1ea5p v\u00e1p. C\u00f3 l\u00fd lu\u1eadn th\u00ec m\u1edbi hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, trong phong tr\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng cho \u0111\u00fang, l\u00e0m cho \u0111\u00fang\u201d1. Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh b\u1ec7nh l\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp l\u00fd lu\u1eadn ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean, r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c, c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m, nh\u1eefng anh em \u0111\u00f3 r\u1ea5t qu\u00fd b\u00e1u cho \u0110\u1ea3ng, n\u1ebfu h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i bi\u1ebft th\u00eam l\u00fd lu\u1eadn th\u00ec c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f2n d\u1eabn ch\u1ee9ng: C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi xem \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u s\u00e1ch, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1ng qu\u00fd, nh\u01b0ng th\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 ____________ 1. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, S\u0111d, t.6, tr.357. 126","bi\u1ebft l\u00fd lu\u1eadn. D\u00f9 xem \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n h\u00e0ng v\u1ea1n cu\u1ed1n l\u00fd lu\u1eadn, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft \u0111em ra th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh, th\u00ec kh\u00e1c n\u00e0o m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i h\u00f2m \u0111\u1ef1ng s\u00e1ch. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng, ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ed1ng vi\u1ec7c xem nh\u1eb9 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp l\u00fd lu\u1eadn ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng h\u1ecdc l\u00fd lu\u1eadn ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb th\u00ec \u00fd ch\u00ed k\u00e9m c\u01b0\u01a1ng quy\u1ebft, kh\u00f4ng tr\u00f4ng xa th\u1ea5y r\u1ed9ng, trong l\u00fac l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c d\u1ec5 l\u1ea1c h\u01b0\u1edbng, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 m\u00f9 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, xa r\u1eddi c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf v\u00e0 khuy\u00ean m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i ch\u1eefa c\u00e1i b\u1ec7nh k\u00e9m l\u00fd lu\u1eadn, khinh l\u00fd lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 l\u00fd lu\u1eadn su\u00f4ng, m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc l\u00fd lu\u1eadn ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y. Theo Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh, h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp l\u00fd lu\u1eadn M\u00e1c - L\u00eanin l\u00e0 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp c\u00e1i tinh th\u1ea7n x\u1eed tr\u00ed m\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh; l\u00e0 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp nh\u1eefng ch\u00e2n l\u00fd ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o v\u00e0o ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc ta. R\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc l\u00fd lu\u1eadn M\u00e1c - L\u00eanin \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea5m nhu\u1ea7n t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng, khoa h\u1ecdc, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o v\u00e0o th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n Vi\u1ec7t Nam, l\u1ea5y Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec3m xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t, l\u1ea5y c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0m m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, ph\u1ea3i nh\u1edb r\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng cho t\u1ed1t, v\u00ec c\u00f3 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb t\u1ed1t th\u00ec m\u1edbi ch\u00f3ng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f2n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng, b\u1edfi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng l\u00fd lu\u1eadn M\u00e1c - L\u00eanin v\u00e0o th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n n\u01b0\u1edbc ta. \u201cV\u00ec c\u00f3 n\u1eafm v\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng m\u1edbi th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01b0\u1edbng ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean c\u1ee7a c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng, m\u1edbi hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 m\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3i 127","l\u00e0m g\u00ec v\u00e0 \u0111i theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng\u201d1. Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh, l\u00fd lu\u1eadn M\u00e1c - L\u00eanin soi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01b0\u1edbng, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i cho ch\u00fang ta \u0111i. C\u00f3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u00fang m\u1edbi \u0111i \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c m\u1edbi \u0111\u00fang v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5ng s\u1ef1 l\u1ee3i \u00edch chung. H\u1ecdc t\u1eadp l\u00fd lu\u1eadn M\u00e1c - L\u00eanin kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng, quan \u0111i\u1ec3m, n\u00e2ng cao nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c, hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft, x\u00e1c l\u1eadp c\u01a1 s\u1edf, n\u1ec1n m\u00f3ng v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch s\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi nhau c\u00f3 t\u00ecnh c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec cao xa. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i: \u201cNh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ta t\u1eeb l\u00e2u \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi nhau c\u00f3 t\u00ecnh c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. T\u1eeb khi c\u00f3 \u0110\u1ea3ng ta l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, t\u00ecnh ngh\u0129a \u1ea5y c\u00e0ng cao \u0111\u1eb9p h\u01a1n, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh t\u00ecnh ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o, \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed, t\u00ecnh ngh\u0129a n\u0103m ch\u00e2u b\u1ed1n bi\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0. Hi\u1ec3u ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c - L\u00eanin l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i s\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi nhau c\u00f3 t\u00ecnh c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a. N\u1ebfu thu\u1ed9c bao nhi\u00eau s\u00e1ch m\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00ecnh c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a th\u00ec sao g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c - L\u00eanin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u201d2. Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c m\u1edf l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc l\u00fd lu\u1eadn ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb do Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh k\u1ec3: \u201cH\u1ed3i kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng Ph\u00e1p, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n B\u00e1c \u0111i c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c v\u1ec1, th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed \u0111ang ngh\u1ec9 \u1edf m\u1ed9t g\u1ed1c c\u00e2y \u0111a to, b\u00f3ng m\u00e1t. B\u00e1c h\u1ecfi: C\u00e1c c\u00f4, c\u00e1c ch\u00fa \u0111i \u0111\u00e2u v\u1ec1? Ch\u00fang ch\u00e1u \u0111i h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1. H\u1ecdc c\u00e1i g\u00ec? ____________ 1, 2. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, S\u0111d, t.15, tr.115, 668. 128","H\u1ecdc C\u00e1c M\u00e1c. C\u00f3 hay kh\u00f4ng? Hay l\u1eafm! C\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u kh\u00f4ng? H\u1ecd \u1ea5p \u00fang tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi: Th\u01b0a B\u00e1c, nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1i kh\u00f3 qu\u00e1, kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c. B\u00e1c k\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Th\u00e1ng T\u00e1m, trong v\u00f9ng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng \u1edf T\u00e2n Tr\u00e0o c\u00f3 l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a, m\u1ed9t h\u00f4m c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 nam, m\u1ed9t c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 n\u1eef \u0111\u1ebfn di\u1ec5n thuy\u1ebft, h\u1ecd n\u00f3i r\u1ea5t say s\u01b0a. L\u00fac \u1ea5y, B\u00e1c c\u0169ng ng\u1ed3i c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ea5y. B\u00e1c gh\u00e9 sang m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u1ed3i b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh, h\u1ecfi \u00f4ng c\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u g\u00ec kh\u00f4ng? \u00d4ng ta l\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea7u n\u00f3i kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u g\u00ec c\u1ea3. C\u00e1i \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u th\u00f4i. V\u00ec m\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed kia n\u00f3i nhi\u1ec1u qu\u00e1, l\u1ea1i d\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng ch\u1eef cao xa. Tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o ta l\u00fac \u1ea5y c\u00f2n th\u1ea5p, m\u00e0 n\u00f3i n\u00e0o l\u00e0 \u201cch\u1ee7 quan\u201d, \u201ckh\u00e1ch quan\u201d, \u201ct\u00edch c\u1ef1c\u201d, \u201cti\u00eau c\u1ef1c\u201d, v.v., cho n\u00ean h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u\u201d1. Ghi nh\u1edb l\u1eddi Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh c\u0103n d\u1eb7n: \u201cL\u00e0m m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u00fd lu\u1eadn th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c g\u00ec \u0111i m\u00f2 trong \u0111\u00eam t\u1ed1i, v\u1eeba ch\u1eadm ch\u1ea1p v\u1eeba hay v\u1ea5p v\u00e1p. C\u00f3 l\u00fd lu\u1eadn th\u00ec m\u1edbi hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, trong phong tr\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng cho \u0111\u00fang, l\u00e0m cho \u0111\u00fang\u201d2. 2. H\u1ecdc trong th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n, h\u1ecdc \u0111i \u0111\u00f4i v\u1edbi h\u00e0nh H\u1ecdc trong th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n. T\u1eeb l\u00fac b\u00f4n ba h\u1ea3i ngo\u1ea1i, Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp, r\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n trong th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n sinh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba, \u1edf ____________ 1. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, S\u0111d, t.15, tr.276-277. 2. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, S\u0111d, t.6, tr.357. 129","phong tr\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5u tranh c\u1ee7a giai c\u1ea5p c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c b\u1ecb \u00e1p b\u1ee9c tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, \u1edf c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n, \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c. Ch\u00ednh t\u1eeb th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n phong ph\u00fa \u0111\u00f3, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c - L\u00eanin, t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh chi\u1ebfn s\u0129 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng. Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam, tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf k\u1ebf th\u1eeba ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ta v\u00e0 tinh hoa tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ea3ng ta v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o l\u00fd lu\u1eadn M\u00e1c - L\u00eanin v\u00e0o th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n Vi\u1ec7t Nam, \u0111\u01b0a c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc ta \u0111i t\u1eeb th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i kh\u00e1c. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n vinh l\u00e0 anh h\u00f9ng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, nh\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a ki\u1ec7t xu\u1ea5t. Tr\u00ean c\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ta, Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc l\u00fd lu\u1eadn ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi v\u1edbi h\u1ecdc trong th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n. N\u00f3i v\u1ec1 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea5y v\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u201cM\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc xong \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u00f3 tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c. Song y kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft c\u00e0y ru\u1ed9ng, kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u1eb7c, kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec1u vi\u1ec7c kh\u00e1c. N\u00f3i t\u00f3m l\u1ea1i: c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, y kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft g\u00ec c\u1ea3. Th\u1ebf l\u00e0 y ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda. Tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a y l\u00e0 tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c h\u1ecdc s\u00e1ch, ch\u01b0a ph\u1ea3i tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. Y mu\u1ed1n th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n, th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i \u0111em c\u00e1i tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00f3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf\u201d1. ____________ 1. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, S\u0111d, t.5, tr.275. 130","Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i v\u1eeba l\u00e0m, v\u1eeba h\u1ecdc, ch\u00fa \u00fd h\u1ecdc c\u1ea3 trong th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n. L\u00fd thuy\u1ebft c\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf l\u00e0 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft su\u00f4ng. Ch\u1ec9 h\u1ecdc thu\u1ed9c l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111em l\u00f2e thi\u00ean h\u1ea1 th\u00ec l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft \u1ea5y c\u0169ng v\u00f4 \u00edch. Trong l\u00fac h\u1ecdc l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, h\u1ecdc l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft r\u1ed3i ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh t\u00ecm ra ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01b0\u1edbng, bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 \u00edch v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho r\u1eb1ng, vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1edbp l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t, r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n, nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng, h\u1ecdc c\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m, h\u1ecdc m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, h\u1ecdc m\u1ea5y c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00edch g\u00ec. V\u00ec v\u1eady, h\u1ecdc ph\u1ea3i thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c, sao cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc r\u1ed3i, khi ra c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh ngay trong c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf m\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p h\u1ecdc c\u1ea7n g\u1eafn v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n: \u201c\u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc th\u00ec c\u1ea7n k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p l\u00fd lu\u1eadn khoa h\u1ecdc v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh, ra s\u1ee9c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp l\u00fd lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ea1n, k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc ta, \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c gi\u00fap \u00edch cho c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u00e0. Trung h\u1ecdc th\u00ec c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o cho h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2 nh\u1eefng tri th\u1ee9c ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn, thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c, th\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u00e0, b\u1ecf nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. Ti\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc th\u00ec c\u1ea7n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u00e1c ch\u00e1u thi\u1ebfu nhi: y\u00eau T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c, y\u00eau nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, 131","y\u00eau lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, y\u00eau khoa h\u1ecdc, tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng\u201d1. Ri\u00eang c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc l\u00fd lu\u1eadn, ph\u1ea3i \u0111em l\u00fd lu\u1eadn \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh k\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi: \u201c\u0110\u1ebfn Qu\u1ea3ng Ch\u00e2u h\u1ed3i 1924 - 1927, t\u00f4i v\u1eeba theo d\u00f5i phong tr\u00e0o c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng trong n\u01b0\u1edbc ta, v\u1eeba tham gia c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c do \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Trung Qu\u1ed1c giao ph\u00f3... T\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tham gia vi\u1ec7c d\u1ecbch t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c \u201ctuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed1i ngo\u1ea1i\u201d, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 vi\u1ebft b\u00e0i v\u1ec1 phong tr\u00e0o c\u00f4ng n\u00f4ng cho m\u1ed9t t\u1edd b\u00e1o b\u1eb1ng ch\u1eef Anh. L\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ebfn Trung Qu\u1ed1c (cu\u1ed1i 1938) v\u00e0o th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng Nh\u1eadt. L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi binh nh\u00ec trong \u201cB\u00e1t l\u1ed9 qu\u00e2n\u201d, t\u00f4i l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 nhi\u1ec7m c\u00e2u l\u1ea1c b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb \u1edf Qu\u1ebf L\u00e2m. Sau \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea7u l\u00e0m b\u00ed th\u01b0 chi b\u1ed9 (ki\u00eam ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch nghe ra\u0111i\u00f4) c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb \u1edf H\u00e0nh D\u01b0\u01a1ng. Th\u1ebf l\u00e0 t\u00f4i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t \u00edt kinh nghi\u1ec7m x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng, khi \u1edf Li\u00ean X\u00f4; kinh nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ea5u tranh ch\u1ed1ng ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n, khi \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u00e1p; kinh nghi\u1ec7m ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n v\u00e0 phong ki\u1ebfn, khi \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c\u201d2. Ghi nh\u1edb l\u1eddi Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh c\u0103n d\u1eb7n: \u201cPh\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp, h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp trong vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y, ____________ 1. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, S\u0111d, t.10, tr.186. 2. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, S\u0111d, t.13, tr.149. 132","trong vi\u1ec7c l\u1edbn c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c nh\u1ecf, vi\u1ec7c cao c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c th\u1ea5p\u201d1. H\u1ecdc \u0111i \u0111\u00f4i v\u1edbi h\u00e0nh. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp, m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00e2m quan tr\u1ecdng m\u00e0 Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh y\u00eau c\u1ea7u l\u00e0: \u201cH\u1ecdc \u0111i \u0111\u00f4i v\u1edbi h\u00e0nh\u201d. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi lu\u00f4n nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m ngh\u1ec1 g\u00ec c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc, tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft l\u00e0 h\u1ecdc ch\u1eef, h\u1ecdc l\u00e0m t\u00ednh, bi\u1ebft ch\u1eef v\u00e0 bi\u1ebft l\u00e0m t\u00ednh th\u00ec l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec c\u0169ng d\u1ec5, bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f2n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u1ea3i ham h\u1ecdc, h\u1ecdc trong c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y, trong vi\u1ec7c l\u1edbn c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c nh\u1ecf, vi\u1ec7c cao c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c th\u1ea5p. H\u1ecdc c\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m, h\u1ecdc m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m, h\u1ecdc m\u1ea5y c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng. Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh, h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o trong c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. H\u1ecdc v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh, h\u1ecdc v\u1edbi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf ph\u1ea3i \u0111i \u0111\u00f4i v\u1edbi nhau. H\u1ecdc m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh, h\u1ecdc m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c th\u00ec h\u1ecdc v\u00f4 \u00edch. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft: H\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 tu d\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng, h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 tin t\u01b0\u1edfng, c\u00f3 tin t\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00ec l\u00fac ra th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh m\u1edbi v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc, h\u0103ng h\u00e1i, l\u00fac g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n m\u1edbi ki\u00ean quy\u1ebft, hy sinh. Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh cho r\u1eb1ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh th\u00ec nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i g\u1eafn h\u1ecdc v\u1edbi h\u00e0nh, h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng, \u0111\u1ec3 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o trong ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p, trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng, ____________ 1. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, S\u0111d, t.8, tr.100. 133","trong c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c; h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 tu d\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n, \u0111\u1ec3 \u1ee9ng x\u1eed v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng, \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ed1ng hi\u1ebfn v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc. \u201cV\u1eeba h\u1ecdc, v\u1eeba l\u00e0m\u201d, \u201cH\u1ecdc t\u1eadp t\u1ed1t, lao \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1t\u201d l\u00e0 kh\u1ea9u hi\u1ec7u th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00e2m \u201cH\u1ecdc \u0111i \u0111\u00f4i v\u1edbi h\u00e0nh\u201d. N\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi h\u1ecdc sinh, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1eb7n: Tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y h\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb1ng, h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t n\u1ebbo, nay ph\u1ea3i s\u1eeda ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc th\u00ec h\u00e0nh ngay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, cho n\u00ean h\u1ecdc ph\u1ea3i thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c, sao cho h\u1ecdc r\u1ed3i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh ngay. Do h\u1ecdc k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi h\u00e0nh m\u00e0 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, tri th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u0103ng th\u00eam, lao \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u0169ng t\u0103ng th\u00eam. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a lao \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f2n l\u01b0u \u00fd: \u201cKh\u00f4ng v\u00e0o hang, kh\u00f4ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ecdp\u201d. C\u00e2u t\u1ee5c ng\u1eef \u1ea5y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt cho th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh, c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt cho hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft. R\u1eb1ng: \u201cTh\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh, hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft. L\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh, l\u1ea1i hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft n\u1eefa. C\u1ee9 \u0111i v\u00f2ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf m\u00e3i, kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd ng\u1eebng. V\u00e0 n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft l\u1ea7n sau cao h\u01a1n l\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc\u201d1. Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh n\u00f3i t\u1ea1i Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Thanh ni\u00ean lao \u0111\u1ed9ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a H\u00f2a B\u00ecnh v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1962, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i: \u201cTr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y l\u00fac tu\u1ed5i thanh ni\u00ean, B\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf Ph\u00e1p, c\u0169ng v\u1eeba lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, v\u1eeba h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp, nh\u01b0ng l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 cho \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c. B\u00e1c ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfm s\u1ed1ng, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn d\u00e0nh th\u00ec gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp, ng\u00e0y lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, \u0111\u00eam h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp, ch\u1ee9 B\u00e1c ____________ 1. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, S\u0111d, t.7, tr.130. 134","kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e2u. V\u00ec v\u1eady, B\u00e1c khuy\u00ean c\u00e1c ch\u00e1u lao \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a\u201d1. Ghi nh\u1edb l\u1eddi Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh c\u0103n d\u1eb7n: \u201cH\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00e0nh: H\u1ecdc v\u1edbi h\u00e0nh ph\u1ea3i \u0111i \u0111\u00f4i. H\u1ecdc m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng h\u00e0nh th\u00ec h\u1ecdc v\u00f4 \u00edch. H\u00e0nh m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ecdc th\u00ec h\u00e0nh kh\u00f4ng tr\u00f4i ch\u1ea3y\u201d2. IV- H\u1eccC C\u00c1CH \u0110\u1eccC, C\u00c1CH N\u00d3I, C\u00c1CH VI\u1ebeT 1. H\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecdc Ngay t\u1eeb th\u1eddi ni\u00ean thi\u1ebfu v\u1edbi l\u00f2ng ham hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft, Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh \u0111\u00e3 r\u1ea5t say m\u00ea \u0111\u1ecdc s\u00e1ch, b\u00e1o v\u1edbi c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0 tr\u00ed nh\u1edb tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi. Theo Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n Gi\u00e0u: \u201cH\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh th\u1eddi tr\u1ebb n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng l\u00e0 ham m\u00ea qu\u1ed1c s\u1eed, qu\u1ed1c v\u0103n. Truy\u1ec7n k\u1ec3 r\u1eb1ng, thu\u1edf nh\u1ecf, h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2 Nam \u0110\u00e0n hay r\u1ee7 nhau xu\u1ed1ng Vinh mua s\u00e1ch, s\u00e1ch n\u00e0o mua kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00ec c\u1eadu Cung \u0111\u1ee9ng t\u1ea1i c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ecdc k\u1ef3 h\u1ebft m\u1edbi \u0111i v\u1ec1, \u0111\u1ecdc ch\u01b0a h\u1ebft th\u00ec h\u00f4m sau tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecdc n\u1eefa\u201d3. C\u00f2n \u00f4ng Ph\u1ea1m Gia C\u1ea7n, b\u1ea1n h\u1ecdc thu\u1edf thi\u1ebfu th\u1eddi t\u00e2m s\u1ef1: \u201c\u1ede g\u1ea7n Th\u00e0nh, m\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ee9, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecdc s\u00e1ch\u201d. Nh\u1eefng n\u0103m ho\u1ea1t ____________ 1. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, S\u0111d, t.13, tr.437. 2. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, S\u0111d, t.6, tr.361. 3. GS. Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n Gi\u00e0u: S\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh, Nxb. Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c gia, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 1997, tr.26. 135","\u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i, trong c\u00e1c b\u00e1o c\u00e1o, th\u01b0 g\u1eedi Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n b\u00e8 c\u00f9ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u1eafc g\u1eedi s\u00e1ch b\u00e1o v\u00e0 t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c th\u1ee9 ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ec3 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng. Trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng, Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh t\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb s\u00e1ch b\u00e1o, t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 thu nh\u1eadn ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0 nhanh, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a M\u00e1c, L\u00eanin, s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc anh em, s\u00e1ch v\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam, s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0110\u1ea3ng, Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ta, s\u00e1ch l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea3ng anh em, l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc... S\u00e1ch, b\u00e1o, t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed m\u00e0 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i, t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u ngu\u1ed3n kh\u00e1c nhau g\u1eedi \u0111\u1ebfn, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 s\u00e1ch, b\u00e1o bi\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3, c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c trong v\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i n\u01b0\u1edbc. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u1ea5t th\u00edch \u0111\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m v\u0103n h\u1ecdc, ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i v\u1ec1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, nhi\u1ec1u cu\u1ed1n c\u00f2n l\u01b0u l\u1ea1i b\u00fat t\u00edch c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi. C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u s\u00e1ch, b\u00e1o, t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed \u0111\u1ecdc xong, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi chuy\u1ec3n xu\u1ed1ng cho v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng v\u00e0 d\u1eb7n g\u1eedi t\u1edbi nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i c\u1ea7n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc, h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 l\u00e0m theo s\u00e1ch, b\u00e1o. Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecdc s\u00e1ch, b\u00e1o, t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nhu c\u1ea7u, m\u1ed9t m\u00f3n \u0103n tinh th\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y c\u1ee7a Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eebng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 g\u1ea7n g\u0169i \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t, B\u00e1c H\u1ed3 r\u1ea5t ham \u0111\u1ecdc s\u00e1ch, b\u00e1o, t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed 136","trong n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, khi xong c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecdc, c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c xong ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1edd ng\u1ee7 l\u1ea1i tranh th\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecdc, nh\u1eefng m\u1ee5c c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd b\u1ecf qua. H\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3t c\u00e1c t\u1edd b\u00e1o xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n trong n\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1ed3i t\u1edbi b\u00e1o n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i, g\u1ea1ch d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e1c tin quan tr\u1ecdng, r\u1ed3i gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c. Nh\u1eefng t\u1edd nh\u1eadt b\u00e1o, tu\u1ea7n b\u00e1o, t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed \u1edf Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc h\u1ebft v\u00e0 g\u1ea1ch b\u00fat ch\u00ec xanh \u0111\u1ecf v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng ch\u1ed7 ch\u00fa \u00fd. M\u1ed7i khi \u0111i c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c xa v\u1ec1, nh\u1eefng b\u00e1o v\u00e0 t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ecdc, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecdc ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00fap vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f9ng nghe. H\u1ed3i \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t B\u1eafc, tuy tu\u1ed5i \u0111\u00e3 cao, nh\u01b0ng Ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eabn tranh th\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecdc s\u00e1ch, b\u00e1o, t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed. \u0110\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed Vi\u1ec7t D\u0169ng nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i: \u1ede g\u1ea7n \u00f4ng C\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0i ng\u00e0y, t\u00f4i nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y \u00f4ng C\u1ee5 sao l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf. Su\u1ed1t ng\u00e0y C\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ecdc s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u, vi\u1ebft b\u00e1o, d\u1ea1y ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, v.v.. C\u1ee5 th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ea1y ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean ng\u1ed3i ch\u01a1i r\u1ed7i, ph\u1ea3i l\u1ea5y s\u00e1ch, b\u00e1o ra \u0111\u1ecdc. \u0110\u1ea1i t\u01b0\u1edbng V\u00f5 Nguy\u00ean Gi\u00e1p c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t: V\u0103n ph\u00f2ng c\u1ee7a B\u00e1c \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m, sao c\u00e1i g\u00ec B\u00e1c c\u0169ng bi\u1ebft. Ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng l\u00e0 qua s\u00e1ch, b\u00e1o, B\u00e1c t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 n\u1eafm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ebft. Khi v\u1ec1 Th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh v\u1eabn gi\u1eef th\u00f3i quen khi \u0111\u1ecdc s\u00e1ch, b\u00e1o, ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o th\u1ea5y c\u1ea7n th\u00ec ghi ch\u00e9p, \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng khi c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. V\u00ed nh\u01b0, th\u1ea5y g\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t, vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed1t, ghi b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh d\u1ea5u (o), ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd, \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u (\/), v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0o ch\u01b0a r\u00f5, c\u00f2n nghi ng\u1edd \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u (?), 137","b\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 xem xong, v\u1ea1ch (\/\/). Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f2n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1eef H\u00e1n, Ph\u00e1p, Anh, Nga l\u00e0m k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u b\u00ean l\u1ec1 trang s\u00e1ch, b\u00e1o, t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 ghi nh\u1edb. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i, \u0111o\u1ea1n quan tr\u1ecdng, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f2n ghi v\u00e0o s\u1ed5, ho\u1eb7c c\u1eaft d\u00e1n l\u00e0m t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u l\u01b0u gi\u1eef. H\u1ed3i s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe y\u1ebfu, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1eb7n \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed C\u00f9 Huy Ch\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee9 t\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ecdc cho nghe cu\u1ed1n Cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng Nguy\u00ean M\u00f4ng. Ch\u00ednh ham \u0111\u1ecdc s\u00e1ch, b\u00e1o, t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed n\u00ean t\u1ea7m hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh v\u1eeba r\u1ed9ng v\u1eeba s\u00e2u, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh th\u1eddi s\u1ef1, ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb. Kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh cho hay, mu\u1ed1n h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp c\u00f3 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1t th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00fang v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00fang; mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft t\u1ed1t ph\u1ea3i tranh th\u1ee7 th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u, \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft r\u1ed9ng, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i ghi nh\u1edb; mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u ph\u1ea3i xem cho r\u1ed9ng, xem \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1eebng n\u00e0o th\u00ec l\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u ch\u1eebng \u1ea5y, ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecdc c\u1ea3 s\u00e1ch, b\u00e1o n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i, \u0111\u1ecdc c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u cho m\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp v\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c - L\u00eanin, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i, ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ta, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n, nghi\u1ec7p v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, v.v.. \u0110\u1ec3 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecdc l\u1ea1i, Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m 138","ghi nh\u1edb v\u00e0 th\u00f3i quen ghi ch\u00e9p r\u1ea5t c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn. V\u00ed nh\u01b0, n\u0103m 1942, ngay trong c\u1ea3nh b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecda \u0111\u00e0y \u1edf nh\u00e0 ng\u1ee5c Qu\u1ea3ng T\u00e2y (Trung Qu\u1ed1c), Ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eabn ghi ch\u00e9p nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0 nghe \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1edf M\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecdc s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 M\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00e1o \u1edf cu\u1ed1i t\u1eadp th\u01a1 Nh\u1eadt k\u00fd trong t\u00f9. Ho\u1eb7c nh\u01b0 n\u0103m 1946, trong Nh\u1eadt k\u00fd h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh b\u1ed1n th\u00e1ng sang Ph\u00e1p, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c ngo\u1ea1i giao l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 r\u1ea5t b\u1eadn, nh\u01b0ng v\u1edbi vai ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ea7n thu\u1eadt, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ghi t\u1eebng ng\u00e0y c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n r\u1ea5t t\u1ec9 m\u1ec9. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, ng\u00e0y 5-8-1946 ghi: \u201cM\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y, C\u1ee5 xem ch\u1eebng 25 t\u1edd b\u00e1o, b\u00e1o s\u00e1ng, b\u00e1o chi\u1ec1u, b\u00e1o h\u00e0ng tu\u1ea7n v\u00e0 b\u00e1o ngo\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c. B\u00e1o c\u00f3 tin t\u1ee9c g\u00ec hay, C\u1ee5 l\u1ea5y b\u00fat ch\u00ec \u0111\u1ecf l\u00e0m d\u1ea5u v\u00e0o, r\u1ed3i b\u1ea3o anh em xem. H\u00f4m n\u00e0o nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00e1ch th\u00ec C\u1ee5 th\u01b0\u1eddng xem b\u00e1o \u0111\u1ebfn hai gi\u1edd s\u00e1ng. Anh em t\u00f9y t\u00f9ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u00e1c s\u0129, cho c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng \u00f4ng Aubrac, th\u1ea5y C\u1ee5 th\u1ee9c khuya d\u1eady s\u1edbm qu\u00e1, ra s\u1ee9c khuy\u00ean C\u1ee5 \u0111i ngh\u1ec9 s\u1edbm. Nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 m\u1ea5y!\u201d1. C\u00f3 l\u1ea7n, tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 b\u00e1o S\u00e1cl\u01a1 Phu\u1ed1cni\u00f4: \u0110\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00eanin b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o? Ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi: \u201cM\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed \u0111\u01b0a cho t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ecdc Lu\u1eadn c\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba v\u00e0 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a L\u00eanin v\u1eeba \u0111\u0103ng tr\u00ean b\u00e1o Nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1o. B\u00e0i \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u, v\u00ec c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb ng\u1eef m\u00e0 t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft r\u00f5. Nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111i \u0111\u1ecdc l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n t\u00f4i hi\u1ec3u \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch s\u00e2u s\u1eafc. ____________ 1. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, S\u0111d, t.4, tr.448. 139","B\u1ea3n Lu\u1eadn c\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0m cho t\u00f4i c\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9ng, ph\u1ea5n kh\u1edfi, s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf, tin t\u01b0\u1edfng bi\u1ebft bao!\u201d1. V\u1ec1 kinh nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ecdc, Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh cho bi\u1ebft, t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecdc ph\u1ea3i ghi ch\u00e9p, so s\u00e1nh, ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 ghi nh\u1edb. V\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch ghi ch\u00e9p \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1edb, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0103n d\u1eb7n, nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 nghe, \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y, \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecfi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea3i ghi ch\u00e9p \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft. Theo Ng\u01b0\u1eddi, t\u00ecm t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u trong khi \u0111\u1ecdc c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c kh\u00e1c, ph\u1ea3i m\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian, c\u00f4ng s\u1ee9c n\u00ean ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu kh\u00f3, b\u1edfi v\u00ec, c\u00f3 khi xem m\u1ea5y t\u1edd b\u00e1o, t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0i t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u, c\u00f3 khi xem t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y, xem t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1c, nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p l\u1ea1i, ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc g\u00f3p hai, ba t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m th\u00e0nh t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, ph\u1ea3i so s\u00e1nh ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p, ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c khoa h\u1ecdc. Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh ch\u1ec9 ra kinh nghi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc, r\u1eb1ng khoa h\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, khoa h\u1ecdc x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, khoa h\u1ecdc ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, khoa h\u1ecdc kinh t\u1ebf, khoa h\u1ecdc l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, v.v. ph\u1ea3i chia ra m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecdc d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i theo nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc l\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf ph\u1ea3i \u0111i c\u00f9ng nhau. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea5y v\u00ed d\u1ee5: Khoa h\u1ecdc ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb d\u00f9ng s\u00e1ch v\u1edf, b\u00e0i b\u00e1o b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c, chi\u1ebfn thu\u1eadt l\u00e0m t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u l\u00fd lu\u1eadn, l\u1ea5y l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m tranh \u0111\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a ____________ 1. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, S\u0111d, t.15, tr.584. 140","\u0110\u1ea3ng l\u00e0m t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. Khoa h\u1ecdc kinh t\u1ebf l\u1ea5y kinh t\u1ebf ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb h\u1ecdc l\u00e0m t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u l\u00fd lu\u1eadn, l\u1ea5y l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc ta l\u00e0m t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. C\u00e1c m\u00f4n kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng th\u1ebf. T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, r\u1ed3i t\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m tra ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c, \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu, so s\u00e1nh, ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc ra \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u cho vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 l\u00e0m t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft. Ghi nh\u1edb l\u1eddi Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh c\u0103n d\u1eb7n: \u201c\u0110\u1ecdc t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e0o s\u00e2u hi\u1ec3u k\u1ef9, kh\u00f4ng tin m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch m\u00f9 qu\u00e1ng t\u1eebng c\u00e2u m\u1ed9t trong s\u00e1ch, c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 g\u00ec ch\u01b0a th\u00f4ng su\u1ed1t th\u00ec m\u1ea1nh d\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec1 ra v\u00e0 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn cho v\u1ee1 l\u1ebd. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1eb7t ra c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u201cv\u00ec sao?\u201d, \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i suy ngh\u0129 k\u1ef9 c\u00e0ng xem n\u00f3 c\u00f3 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng, c\u00f3 th\u1eadt l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang l\u00fd kh\u00f4ng, tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean nh\u1eafm m\u1eaft tu\u00e2n theo s\u00e1ch v\u1edf m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch xu\u00f4i chi\u1ec1u. Ph\u1ea3i suy ngh\u0129 ch\u00edn ch\u1eafn\u201d1. 2. H\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch n\u00f3i Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghe Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh n\u00f3i ho\u1eb7c ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t r\u1eb1ng, B\u00e1c H\u1ed3 di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t r\u1ea5t trong s\u00e1ng, nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00fd lu\u1eadn ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i r\u1ea5t gi\u1ea3n d\u1ecb, c\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecdng, h\u00e0m s\u00fac, d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u, d\u1ec5 nh\u1edb, g\u1ea7n g\u0169i v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1. Ng\u00f4n t\u1eeb c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi s\u1ef1 g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghe, gi\u1eefa l\u00e3nh t\u1ee5 v\u00e0 qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang. ____________ 1. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, S\u0111d, t.11, tr.98-99. 141","Ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng hay n\u00f3i d\u00e0i m\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f3i r\u1ea5t ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn, nh\u01b0ng m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u hi\u1ec3u, \u0111\u1ec1u nghe, \u0111\u1ec1u tin, ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi v\u1eafn t\u1eaft, h\u00e0m s\u00fac, h\u00f9ng v\u0103n, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i v\u00e0o tr\u00e1i tim, kh\u1ed1i \u00f3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghe, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh l\u1eddi hi\u1ec7u tri\u1ec7u, bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea1i qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang. \u0110i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh nh\u01b0, trong C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Th\u00e1ng T\u00e1m n\u0103m 1945, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00eau quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m: D\u00f9 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y c\u1ea3 d\u00e3y Tr\u01b0\u1eddng S\u01a1n c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i gi\u00e0nh cho \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, t\u1ef1 do!. Trong cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u00eau g\u1ecdi: \u201cKh\u00f4ng! Ch\u00fang ta th\u00e0 hy sinh t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3, ch\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu m\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu l\u00e0m n\u00f4 l\u1ec7!\u201d1. Trong cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng M\u1ef9, c\u1ee9u n\u01b0\u1edbc, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec7u tri\u1ec7u: \u201cKh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec qu\u00fd h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, t\u1ef1 do! \u201d2, \u201cH\u1ec5 c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t t\u00ean x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc ta, th\u00ec ta c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u, qu\u00e9t s\u1ea1ch n\u00f3 \u0111i!\u201d3... C\u00e1ch n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh l\u00e0 \u0111i v\u00e0o th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n, t\u1eeb th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n \u0111\u00fac k\u1ebft th\u00e0nh kinh nghi\u1ec7m, r\u1ed3i n\u00e2ng l\u00ean th\u00e0nh l\u00fd lu\u1eadn. V\u00ed nh\u01b0, tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i r\u1ea5t ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn: X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng ti\u1ebfn, v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng, tinh th\u1ea7n ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi hay d\u00f9ng c\u00e1ch so s\u00e1nh b\u1eb1ng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00fd lu\u1eadn ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. V\u00ed nh\u01b0: \u201cL\u00fd lu\u1eadn ____________ 1. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, S\u0111d, t.4, tr.534. 2, 3. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, S\u0111d, t.15, tr.131, 512. 142","nh\u01b0 c\u00e1i kim ch\u1ec9 nam, n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01b0\u1edbng cho ch\u00fang ta trong c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u00fd lu\u1eadn th\u00ec l\u00fang t\u00fang nh\u01b0 nh\u1eafm m\u1eaft m\u00e0 \u0111i\u201d1, v.v.. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y, c\u00e1ch n\u00f3i h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh, v\u00ed von l\u00e0 phong c\u00e1ch ri\u00eang c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi. V\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch n\u00f3i, Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn quan tr\u1ecdng. R\u1eb1ng n\u00f3i ph\u1ea3i th\u1eadt \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c, ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f3 \u0111u\u00f4i, sao cho ai c\u0169ng hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, nh\u1edb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, ch\u1edb d\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng danh t\u1eeb l\u1ea1, \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec3u, ch\u1edb n\u00f3i ra ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec1, ch\u1edb l\u1eafp \u0111i l\u1eafp l\u1ea1i, v.v.. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u: \u201cPh\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang, m\u1edbi n\u00f3i l\u1ecdt tai qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang. T\u1ee5c ng\u1eef c\u00f3 c\u00e2u: H\u1ecdc \u0103n, h\u1ecdc n\u00f3i, h\u1ecdc g\u00f3i, h\u1ecdc m\u1edf. N\u00f3i c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc, m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu kh\u00f3 h\u1ecdc m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. V\u00ec c\u00e1ch n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n ch\u00fang r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, r\u1ea5t ho\u1ea1t b\u00e1t, r\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c, m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t gi\u1ea3n \u0111\u01a1n\u201d2. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u00ean, ch\u1edb n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 gi\u1ea3ng s\u00e1ch, b\u1edfi m\u1ed7i t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, m\u1ed7i c\u00e2u n\u00f3i, m\u1ed7i ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m sao t\u1ecf r\u00f5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 l\u00f2ng ao \u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang, v\u00ec th\u1ebf, ph\u1ea3i lu\u00f4n d\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi l\u1ebd, nh\u1eefng th\u00ed d\u1ee5 gi\u1ea3n \u0111\u01a1n, thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c cho qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u. Kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng th\u1ebf, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f2n d\u1eb7n, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi n\u00f3i ph\u1ea3i vi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t d\u00e0n b\u00e0i r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, ph\u1ea3i suy ngh\u0129 cho ch\u00edn, ph\u1ea3i s\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn, r\u1ed3i c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 n\u00f3i v\u00e0 khi n\u00f3i ph\u1ea3i khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n, l\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1ebd chinh ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghe. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u00ean, ____________ 1, 2. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, S\u0111d, t.5, tr.233-234, 341. 143","kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean n\u00f3i d\u00e0i, n\u00f3i ph\u1ea3i cho g\u1ecdn g\u00e0ng, c\u00f3 n\u1ed9i dung, n\u00f3i \u00edt, nh\u01b0ng cho th\u1ea5m th\u00eda, cho ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn th\u00ec qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang th\u00edch h\u01a1n; ch\u1edb n\u00f3i kh\u00f4 khan, c\u1ee9ng nh\u1eafc, kh\u00f4ng ho\u1ea1t b\u00e1t, kh\u00f4ng thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c; ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o, ph\u1ea3i ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1ch ph\u00f4 di\u1ec5n \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng, kh\u1eafc s\u00e2u v\u00e0o trong t\u00e2m tr\u00ed d\u00e2n ch\u00fang, ph\u1ea3i l\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng th\u00ed d\u1ee5 th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft m\u00e0 n\u00f3i, tr\u00e1nh nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb kh\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u. Theo Ng\u01b0\u1eddi: \u201cC\u00f4ng t\u00e1c tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n ph\u1ea3i c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c... Ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m sao d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u, n\u00f3i sao \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m. V\u00ec th\u1ebf n\u00ean tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n ph\u1ea3i thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00e0 tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n\u201d1. V\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch n\u00f3i, c\u00e1ch tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00fac k\u1ebft: N\u00f3i cho ai nghe? N\u00f3i \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m g\u00ec? N\u00f3i c\u00e1i g\u00ec? L\u1ea5y t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e2u m\u00e0 n\u00f3i? N\u00f3i th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? Tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n c\u00e1i g\u00ec? Tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n cho ai? C\u00e1ch tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? Theo Ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1eb7t ra v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi cho \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, cho \u0111\u00fang. Nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n ch\u1edb l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng ti\u1ebfng n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i nhi\u1ec1u qu\u00e1. Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ed1ng m\u01b0\u1ee3n ti\u1ebfng n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho ti\u1ebfng ta th\u00eam \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 ch\u1eebng m\u1ef1c, ch\u1edb m\u01b0\u1ee3n ti\u1ebfng n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i b\u1ecf c\u1ea3 ti\u1ebfng ta, \u0111\u1ebfn ____________ 1. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, S\u0111d, t.14, tr.159. 144","n\u1ed7i qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh b\u1ec7nh s\u00ednh d\u00f9ng ti\u1ebfng n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i, b\u1ec7nh vay m\u01b0\u1ee3n ti\u1ebfng n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i v\u00f4 l\u1ed1i, b\u1ec7nh ham n\u00f3i ch\u1eef. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfng ta kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n, kh\u00f3 d\u1ecbch \u0111\u00fang th\u00ec c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i m\u01b0\u1ee3n nh\u01b0: \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, t\u1ef1 do, giai c\u1ea5p, c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n..., c\u00f2n nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfng ta c\u00f3 l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng nh\u01b0: xe l\u1eeda g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201ch\u1ecfa xa\u201d, m\u00e1y bay g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cphi c\u01a1\u201d, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1edbn g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201c\u0111\u1ea1i l\u1ed9\u201d, ba th\u00e1ng kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i m\u00e0 n\u00f3i \u201ctam c\u00e1 nguy\u1ec7t\u201d, xem x\u00e9t kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i m\u00e0 n\u00f3i \u201cquan s\u00e1t\u201d, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ed1m g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cb\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n\u201d, gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201ct\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u1ee3\u201d, v.v.. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u00ean: \u201cTi\u1ebfng n\u00f3i l\u00e0 th\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng qu\u00fd b\u00e1u c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. Ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i gi\u1eef g\u00ecn n\u00f3, l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng r\u1ed9ng kh\u1eafp. C\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng, l\u1ea1i \u0111i m\u01b0\u1ee3n c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i, \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u \u00f3c quen \u1ef7 l\u1ea1i hay sao?\u201d1. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f2n d\u1eb7n, ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t ta r\u1ea5t phong ph\u00fa, ta ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m gi\u00e0u th\u00eam cho ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a ta, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean vay m\u01b0\u1ee3n lu b\u00f9 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00f2e thi\u00ean h\u1ea1. Qua nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn v\u00e0 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh tr\u00ean cho th\u1ea5y, Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh r\u1ea5t quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 trong s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t, r\u1ea5t n\u00e2ng niu, tr\u00e2n tr\u1ecdng ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n sau \u0111\u00e2y do Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh k\u1ec3: \u201c\u1ede T\u00e2n Tr\u00e0o, l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 (1945), m\u1edbi l\u00e0m xong c\u00e1i nh\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a. H\u00f4m kh\u00e1nh th\u00e0nh, c\u00f3 hai \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed ____________ 1. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, S\u0111d, t.13, tr.465. 145","c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, m\u1ed9t nam m\u1ed9t n\u1eef, \u0111\u1ebfn n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n. M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed di\u1ec5n thuy\u1ebft m\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t gi\u1edd. Di\u1ec5n thuy\u1ebft xong, \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o v\u1ed7 tay hoan h\u00f4. L\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 B\u00e1c \u1edf trong qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang. B\u00e1c m\u1edbi h\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t c\u00f4: C\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u g\u00ec kh\u00f4ng? C\u00f4 ta tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi: Kh\u00f4ng. B\u00e1c l\u1ea1i h\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t c\u1ee5. C\u1ee5 \u1ea5y tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi: C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed n\u00f3i r\u1ea5t hay, nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u g\u00ec c\u1ea3... \u0110\u1ea5y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng kinh nghi\u1ec7m l\u00e0m kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1t. B\u00e2y gi\u1edd n\u00f3i kinh nghi\u1ec7m l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t. \u1ede m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c, c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed Gi\u00e1p, \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed \u0110\u1ed3ng, \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed Hoan ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch. M\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn \u0111i h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, mang theo g\u1ea1o, ng\u00f4 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0103n v\u00e0 b\u1edbt m\u1ed9t \u00edt \u0111\u1ec3 g\u00f3p nu\u00f4i th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o. M\u1ed7i l\u1edbp hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, h\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c. M\u1ed9t l\u00e0 g\u00ec, hai l\u00e0 g\u00ec, r\u1ed3i ba, b\u1ed1n, n\u0103m l\u00e0 g\u00ec? L\u00e0m nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? H\u1ecdc m\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u00e0y r\u1ed3i v\u1ec1, \u0111i l\u00e0m. H\u1ecd l\u00e0m r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t. Phong tr\u00e0o Vi\u1ec7t Minh \u1edf Cao B\u1eb1ng h\u1ed3i \u0111\u00f3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n r\u1ea5t nhanh. H\u1ecd l\u00e0m kho\u1ea3ng s\u00e1u th\u00e1ng, h\u1ebft \u201ct\u1ee7\u201d, h\u1ecd l\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 h\u1ecdc l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa. Tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean n\u00f3i tr\u00ean tr\u1eddi d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t, n\u00e0o l\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch quan, ch\u1ee7 quan, n\u00e0o l\u00e0 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c, ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e2u v\u00e0o \u0111\u00e2u c\u1ea3\u201d1. Ghi nh\u1edb l\u1eddi Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh c\u0103n d\u1eb7n: \u201cTr\u01b0\u1edbc khi n\u00f3i, ph\u1ea3i ngh\u0129 cho ch\u00edn, ph\u1ea3i s\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn. Ph\u1ea3i nh\u1edb c\u00e2u t\u1ee5c ng\u1eef: Ch\u00f3 ba quanh m\u1edbi n\u1eb1m. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ba n\u0103m m\u1edbi n\u00f3i\u201d2. ____________ 1. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, S\u0111d, t.14, tr.160-161. 2. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, S\u0111d, t.5, tr.346. 146","3. H\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch vi\u1ebft Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh vi\u1ebft s\u00e1ch, b\u00e1o t\u1eeb h\u1ed3i c\u00f2n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf Pari. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch vi\u1ebft v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng. N\u0103m 1969, t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 II H\u1ed9i Nh\u00e0 b\u00e1o Vi\u1ec7t Nam, tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 kinh nghi\u1ec7m vi\u1ebft b\u00e1o, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e2m s\u1ef1: \u201cKinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a B\u00e1c l\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m ng\u01b0\u1ee3c. B\u00e1c h\u1ecdc vi\u1ebft b\u00e1o Ph\u00e1p tr\u01b0\u1edbc, r\u1ed3i h\u1ecdc vi\u1ebft b\u00e1o Trung Qu\u1ed1c, r\u1ed3i sau m\u1edbi h\u1ecdc vi\u1ebft b\u00e1o Vi\u1ec7t Nam. C\u00f2n h\u1ecdc th\u00ec m\u1ed9t l\u00e0 h\u1ecdc trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, hai l\u00e0 h\u1ecdc \u1edf giai c\u1ea5p c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n. L\u00fac \u1edf Pari, tuy bi\u1ebft nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ed9i \u00e1c c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00eau l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n \u1edf t\u00f2a b\u00e1o \u0110\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng th\u1ee3 thuy\u1ec1n cho B\u00e1c bi\u1ebft b\u00e1o \u1ea5y c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c \u201ctin t\u1ee9c v\u1eafn\u201d, m\u1ed7i tin ch\u1ec9 n\u0103m ba d\u00f2ng th\u00f4i v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o B\u00e1c c\u00f3 tin t\u1ee9c g\u00ec th\u00ec c\u1ee9 vi\u1ebft, \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed \u1ea5y s\u1ebd s\u1eeda l\u1ea1i cho. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, ngo\u00e0i nh\u1eefng gi\u1edd lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, B\u00e1c b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u vi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng tin r\u1ea5t ng\u1eafn. M\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n vi\u1ebft l\u00e0m hai b\u1ea3n, m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0a cho b\u00e1o, m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n th\u00ec gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i. L\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean th\u1ea5y tin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u0103ng th\u00ec r\u1ea5t sung s\u01b0\u1edbng. M\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111em tin \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u0103ng tr\u00ean b\u00e1o so v\u1edbi b\u00e0i m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft, xem sai ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o. V\u1ec1 sau \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed \u1ea5y b\u1ea3o B\u00e1c c\u1ed1 vi\u1ebft d\u00e0i th\u00eam v\u00e0i d\u00f2ng n\u1eefa, r\u1ed3i l\u1ea1i v\u00e0i d\u00f2ng n\u1eefa... C\u1ee9 th\u1ebf k\u00e9o d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn 15, 20 d\u00f2ng, r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9t d\u00e0i. L\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed \u1ea5y l\u1ea1i b\u1ea3o: \u201cTh\u00f4i, b\u00e2y gi\u1edd ph\u1ea3i vi\u1ebft r\u00fat 147","ng\u1eafn l\u1ea1i, c\u0169ng nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c nh\u01b0 v\u1eady nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea3i vi\u1ebft cho r\u00f5, cho g\u1ecdn\u201d. C\u00e1c b\u00e1o \u0111\u0103ng b\u00e0i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 b\u00e1o ph\u00e1i \u201ct\u1ea3\u201d, \u0111\u1ec1u ngh\u00e8o, kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ea3 cho m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed3ng ti\u1ec1n n\u00e0o. M\u00ecnh ng\u00e0y th\u00ec \u0111i l\u00e0m, t\u1ed1i \u0111i m\u00edt tinh, tuy kh\u00e1 v\u1ea5t v\u1ea3, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng vi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00eau t\u1ed9i \u00e1c c\u1ee7a b\u1ecdn th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n\u201d1. Sau n\u00e0y, tr\u00ean b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng, Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh \u0111\u1ec1u vi\u1ebft s\u00e1ch, b\u00e1o v\u00e0 s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp ra nhi\u1ec1u t\u1edd b\u00e1o nh\u01b0: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f9ng kh\u1ed5 \u1edf Ph\u00e1p, Thanh ni\u00ean, K\u00e8n g\u1ecdi l\u00ednh \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c, Th\u00e2n \u00e1i \u1edf Th\u00e1i Lan, Vi\u1ec7t L\u1eadp, M\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn, Nh\u00e2n D\u00e2n \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam, v.v.. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 b\u00e1o l\u1edbn, ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp n\u1ec1n b\u00e1o ch\u00ed c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam. C\u00e1ch vi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch cao \u0111\u1eb9p l\u00e0 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng, n\u00ean th\u01b0\u1eddng vi\u1ebft ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn, s\u00fac t\u00edch, d\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ecdc, d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ngay. V\u00ed nh\u01b0 n\u0103m 1927, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft cu\u1ed1n \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1ch m\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ec3 hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n cho l\u1edbp chi\u1ebfn s\u0129 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc ta, trong \u0111\u00f3 n\u00f3i r\u00f5: \u201cS\u00e1ch n\u00e0y mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i cho v\u1eafn t\u1eaft, d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u, d\u1ec5 nh\u1edb... V\u00e2ng! \u0110\u00e2y n\u00f3i vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec th\u00ec n\u00f3i r\u1ea5t gi\u1ea3n ti\u1ec7n, mau m\u1eafn, ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn nh\u01b0 2 l\u1ea7n 2 l\u00e0 4, kh\u00f4ng t\u00f4 v\u1ebd trang ho\u00e0ng g\u00ec c\u1ea3... S\u00e1ch n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 \u01b0\u1edbc ao sao \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o xem r\u1ed3i th\u00ec ngh\u0129 l\u1ea1i, ngh\u0129 r\u1ed3i th\u00ec t\u1ec9nh d\u1eady, t\u1ec9nh r\u1ed3i th\u00ec \u0111\u1ee9ng l\u00ean \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft nhau ____________ 1. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, S\u0111d, t.12, tr.168. 148","m\u00e0 l\u00e0m c\u00e1ch m\u1ec7nh\u201d1. N\u0103m 1947, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft cu\u1ed1n \u0110\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng m\u1edbi v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1n S\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1ed1i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch v\u1eafn t\u1eaft, r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o, c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh ngay. C\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh vi\u1ebft c\u00f3 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ed9 v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i: ch\u00ednh lu\u1eadn, x\u00e3 lu\u1eadn, b\u00fat chi\u1ebfn, truy\u1ec7n, k\u00fd, th\u01a1 c\u00f9ng nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t m\u00e0 c\u1ea3 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c th\u1ee9 ti\u1ebfng Anh, Ph\u00e1p, Nga, Trung, v.v.. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c nhi\u1ec1u b\u00e0i th\u01a1, \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh l\u00e0 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m th\u01a1 tuy\u1ec7t t\u00e1c Nh\u1eadt k\u00fd trong t\u00f9, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m, nh\u01b0 Binh ph\u00e1p T\u00f4n T\u1eed, C\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1nh du k\u00edch, v.v. \u0111\u1ec3 cho \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o, c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, chi\u1ebfn s\u0129 ta \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f2n l\u00e0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u t\u1edd b\u00e1o nh\u01b0: Nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1o, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f9ng kh\u1ed5, \u0110\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n (ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p), C\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n Bacu, Ti\u1ebfng c\u00f2i, S\u1ef1 th\u1eadt (ti\u1ebfng Nga), Thanh ni\u00ean, An Nam, Ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, \u0110\u1ed3ng minh, C\u1ee9u qu\u1ed1c, Nh\u00e2n D\u00e2n, Qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n (ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t), C\u1ee9u vong nh\u1eadt b\u00e1o (ti\u1ebfng Trung), v.v. v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean vi\u1ebft b\u00e0i cho b\u00e1o Nh\u00e2n D\u00e2n v\u00e0 t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed H\u1ecdc t\u1eadp l\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan ng\u00f4n lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng ta v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i ng\u1eafn, d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u, c\u00f3 t\u00ednh gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c cao d\u01b0\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u b\u00fat danh. Nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i b\u00e1o do Ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft ____________ 1. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, S\u0111d, t.2, tr.283. 149"]