["b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ed9. C\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3n d\u1ecb, r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, s\u00fac t\u00edch, d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u \u0111i th\u1eb3ng v\u00e0o v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. Nhi\u1ec1u b\u00e0i n\u00f3i, b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi khi k\u1ebft th\u00fac v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u th\u01a1 ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn, h\u00e0m x\u00fac. C\u00e1ch vi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng hay v\u00ed von n\u00ean d\u1ec5 \u0111i v\u00e0o l\u00f2ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3o b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn ra r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e2u vi\u1ebft v\u00ed von, so s\u00e1nh b\u1eb1ng h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng: \u201cTh\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecbch nh\u01b0 l\u1eeda. Th\u1ebf ta nh\u01b0 n\u01b0\u1edbc. N\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1eafng l\u1eeda\u201d1; \u201cRu\u1ed9ng r\u1eaby l\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Cu\u1ed1c c\u00e0y l\u00e0 v\u0169 kh\u00ed. Nh\u00e0 n\u00f4ng l\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn s\u0129\u201d2; \u201cM\u1ed7i qu\u1ed1c d\u00e2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfn s\u0129. M\u1ed7i l\u00e0ng x\u00f3m l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1o \u0111\u00e0i\u201d3; \u201c\u0110\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u00ed nh\u01b0 chi\u1ebfc thuy\u1ec1n. S\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00ed nh\u01b0 n\u01b0\u1edbc. M\u1ef1c n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00ean cao, th\u00ec con thuy\u1ec1n c\u00e0ng n\u1ed5i l\u00ean cao\u201d4, v.v.. V\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch vi\u1ebft, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1eb7n, khi vi\u1ebft l\u1eddi l\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng, d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u00e0ng, vui v\u1ebb, l\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi xem c\u00f3 th\u00fa v\u1ecb m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i b\u1ed5 \u00edch. Khi vi\u1ebft v\u00e0 khi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ean v\u0103n b\u1ea3n, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u1ea3i ch\u00fa \u00fd t\u1eebng c\u00e2u, t\u1eebng ch\u1eef, tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1eeba, kh\u00f4ng thi\u1ebfu, kh\u00f4ng d\u00e0i d\u00f2ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb. Th\u00ed d\u1ee5: M\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng Ph\u1ee7 Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch ghi ____________ 1. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, S\u0111d, t.5, tr.179. 2. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, S\u0111d, t.7, tr.44. 3. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, S\u0111d, t.6, tr.165. 4. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, S\u0111d, t.10, tr.300. 150","trong l\u1ecbch l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c h\u00e0ng tu\u1ea7n: \u00f4ng K v\u00e0 L.M.K. th\u1ea3o b\u00e0i ph\u00e1t thanh v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 duy\u1ec7t tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t: Vi\u1ebft th\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng nh\u00e3, ra c\u00e1ch m\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3m duy\u1ec7t, ph\u1ea3i s\u1eeda c\u00e2u \u1ea5y l\u1ea1i. R\u1ed3i t\u1ef1 tay Ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eeda: \u00d4ng K v\u00e0 L.M.K. th\u1ea3o b\u00e0i ph\u00e1t thanh r\u1ed3i \u0111\u01b0a V\u0103n ph\u00f2ng Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch. Qua c\u00e1ch s\u1eeda th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea1y b\u00e9n v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u1edf Ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh th\u01b0\u1eddng khuy\u00ean, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i vi\u1ebft ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn, c\u00f2n vi\u1ebft d\u00e0i m\u00e0 r\u1ed7ng th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1t, vi\u1ebft ng\u1eafn m\u00e0 r\u1ed7ng c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng hay. Ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ed1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 th\u00f3i vi\u1ebft r\u1ed7ng, vi\u1ebft d\u00e0i. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f2n l\u01b0u \u00fd, vi\u1ebft ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebfu, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qua loa, \u0111\u1ea1i kh\u00e1i, d\u00f9ng t\u1eeb ph\u1ea3i ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u. Vi\u1ebft d\u00e0i nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed7i c\u00e2u, m\u1ed7i ch\u1eef c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129a, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 r\u1ed7ng, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft c\u00e1i g\u00ec c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i ng\u1eafn m\u1edbi t\u1ed1t. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1eb7n, khi vi\u1ebft c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng ph\u1ea3i ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn, song ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 n\u1ed9i dung, tr\u00e1nh l\u1ed1i vi\u1ebft kh\u00f4 khan, k\u00e9m ho\u1ea1t b\u00e1t, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng, tr\u00e1nh d\u00f9ng ch\u1eef n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang ngh\u0129a, hay n\u00f3i ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb su\u00f4ng, v.v.. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi hay vi\u1ebft d\u00e0i, \u201cd\u00e2y c\u00e0 ra d\u00e2y mu\u1ed1ng\u201d, vi\u1ebft d\u00f2ng n\u00e0y qua d\u00f2ng kh\u00e1c, trang n\u00e0y qua trang kh\u00e1c, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00edch cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi xem, ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0m t\u1ed1n gi\u1ea5y m\u1ef1c, m\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi xem. \u201cQu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang mong mu\u1ed1n nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 n\u1ed9i dung ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt v\u00e0 phong ph\u00fa, c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c trong s\u00e1ng v\u00e0 vui t\u01b0\u01a1i. Khi ch\u01b0a xem th\u00ec mu\u1ed1n xem, xem r\u1ed3i th\u00ec c\u00f3 151","b\u1ed5 \u00edch. Qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang c\u00f2n mong c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed v\u0103n ngh\u1ec7 ch\u00fa \u00fd gi\u00f9m hai \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u1eefa: M\u1ed9t l\u00e0 ch\u1edb m\u01b0\u1ee3n ch\u1eef H\u00e1n qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f3 khi \u201cch\u1eef T\u1ea1c v\u1ea1c ra ch\u1eef T\u1ed9\u201d. Hai l\u00e0 khi vi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn h\u01a1n, tr\u00e1nh vi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u k\u1ef3 kh\u00f4i nh\u01b0 \u201cno c\u01a1m \u00e1o\u201d, \u201cc\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00eanh th\u00eanh\u201d\u201d1. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho r\u1eb1ng, m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u1ee9 d\u00e0i m\u1edbi hay, khi n\u00e0o t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u1ea5y ch\u1ec9 di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ee7 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e1ng n\u00f3i, khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y sao cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ai c\u0169ng hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 khi \u0111\u1ecdc xong \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 ph\u1ea3i suy ng\u1eabm, th\u00ec t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u1ea5y m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m hay v\u00e0 bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n t\u1ed1t. V\u00ec v\u1eady, m\u1ed9t l\u1ed1i h\u00e0nh v\u0103n gi\u1ea3n d\u1ecb, ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c h\u01a1n h\u1eb3n l\u1ed1i h\u00e0nh v\u0103n r\u01b0\u1eddm r\u00e0, hoa m\u1ef9. Kinh nghi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch vi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh \u0111\u00fac k\u1ebft m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u00f3m t\u1eaft \u1edf nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh sau \u0111\u00e2y: Ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1eb7t ra v\u00e0 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi sau: Vi\u1ebft cho ai? Tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi: Vi\u1ebft cho \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111a s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng, n\u00f4ng, binh. Vi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m g\u00ec? Tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi: \u0110\u1ec3 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch, c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ed9ng, ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh; \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang. Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1i g\u00ec? Tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi: T\u00f9y n\u1ed9i dung v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi, nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1eefng: ta, b\u1ea1n, th\u00f9 th\u00ec vi\u1ebft m\u1edbi \u0111\u00fang. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ta v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n th\u00ec n\u00eau c\u00e1i hay, c\u00e1i t\u1ed1t, nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 ch\u1eebng m\u1ef1c, ch\u1edb ph\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ea1i. Ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh c\u00e1i x\u1ea5u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u1eadt th\u00e0, ch\u00e2n th\u00e0nh, \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn. C\u00f2n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecbch ____________ 1. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, S\u0111d, t.13, tr.504-505. 152","th\u00ec n\u00eau c\u00e1i hung \u00e1c, x\u1ea5u xa. L\u1ea5y t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e2u m\u00e0 vi\u1ebft? Tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi: Mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u ph\u1ea3i xem, \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ghi ch\u00e9p v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i nghe c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, chi\u1ebfn s\u0129, nghe \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u vi\u1ebft; ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i xa v\u1ec1, h\u1ecfi nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, h\u1ecfi b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9i, h\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01a1i; ph\u1ea3i \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i, nh\u00ecn t\u1eadn m\u1eaft \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y. Vi\u1ebft th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? Tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi: Vi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c, c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, ch\u1edb l\u1ed9 b\u00ed m\u1eadt, vi\u1ebft ng\u1eafn ch\u1eebng n\u00e0o hay ch\u1eebng \u1ea5y, nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ee7 \u00fd; tr\u00e1nh l\u1ed1i vi\u1ebft \u201cd\u00e2y c\u00e0 ra d\u00e2y mu\u1ed1ng\u201d. Vi\u1ebft r\u1ed3i ph\u1ea3i th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? Tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi: Ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111i \u0111\u1ecdc l\u1ea1i, s\u1eeda \u0111i s\u1eeda l\u1ea1i, ph\u1ea3i nh\u1edd ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0 cho nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f2n c\u1eb7n d\u1eb7n: Ch\u01b0a \u0111i\u1ec1u tra, ch\u01b0a nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, ch\u01b0a bi\u1ebft r\u00f5, ch\u1edb n\u00f3i, ch\u1edb vi\u1ebft; khi vi\u1ebft, khi n\u00f3i ph\u1ea3i lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o cho ai c\u0169ng hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, l\u00e0m sao cho qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec1u hi\u1ec3u, \u0111\u1ec1u tin. \u201cTr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i tr\u00e1nh c\u00e1i l\u1ed1i vi\u1ebft \u201crau mu\u1ed1ng\u201d ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 l\u1eb1ng nh\u1eb1ng \u201ctr\u01b0\u1eddng giang \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ea3i\u201d, l\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi xem nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u201cch\u1eaft ch\u1eaft v\u00e0o r\u1eebng xanh\u201d. M\u00ecnh vi\u1ebft ra c\u1ed1t l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ed9ng; n\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi xem m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1edb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, l\u00e0 vi\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang, nh\u1eb1m kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch. M\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi xem hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, nh\u1edb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i vi\u1ebft cho \u0111\u00fang tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi xem, vi\u1ebft r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, g\u1ecdn g\u00e0ng, ch\u1edb d\u00f9ng ch\u1eef nhi\u1ec1u\u201d1. C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1ch n\u00f3i, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh c\u00e1ch vi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ____________ 1. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, S\u0111d, t.8, tr.207. 153","nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi hay d\u00f9ng ch\u1eef n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang. C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ch\u1eef ta kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n v\u00e0 kh\u00f3 d\u1ecbch \u0111\u00fang th\u00ec c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i m\u01b0\u1ee3n, nh\u01b0ng s\u1ebd \u201ct\u1ea3\u201d qu\u00e1, n\u1ebfu nh\u1eefng ch\u1eef H\u00e1n h\u00f3a th\u00e0nh ch\u1eef ta r\u1ed3i m\u00e0 ai c\u0169ng bi\u1ebft, c\u0169ng hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng nh\u01b0: \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp m\u00e0 vi\u1ebft th\u00e0nh \u201c\u0111\u1ee9ng ri\u00eang\u201d, du k\u00edch th\u00ec vi\u1ebft th\u00e0nh \u201c\u0111\u00e1nh ch\u01a1i\u201d, v.v. c\u0169ng l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u1ed1i. Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n do Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh k\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 h\u1ecdc vi\u1ebft truy\u1ec7n ng\u1eafn: \u201cSau Chi\u1ebfn tranh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, t\u00f4i l\u00e0m th\u1ee3 s\u1eeda \u1ea3nh \u1edf Pari. H\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y t\u00f4i \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn x\u01b0\u1edfng, chi\u1ec1u t\u1ed1i t\u00f4i tham gia c\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i h\u1ecdp c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng ho\u1eb7c d\u1ef1 m\u00edt tinh c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n. Cu\u1ed1i ng\u00e0y l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0i trang ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 trau d\u1ed3i ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat. M\u1ed9t h\u00f4m, m\u1ed9t b\u1ea1n c\u00f9ng ngh\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0a cho t\u00f4i m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed1n truy\u1ec7n nh\u1ecf c\u1ee7a T\u00f4nxt\u00f4i... C\u00e1ch vi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a T\u00f4nxt\u00f4i r\u1ea5t gi\u1ea3n d\u1ecb, r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u, l\u00e0m t\u00f4i r\u1ea5t th\u00edch. Tu\u1ed5i tr\u1ebb th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9t, t\u00f4i nh\u1ea3y v\u00f9ng d\u1eady kh\u1ecfi gi\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng r\u1ea5t l\u1ea1nh, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 trong c\u0103n ph\u00f2ng b\u00e9 nh\u1ecf c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u00f2 s\u01b0\u1edfi. T\u00f4i n\u00f3i to: \u201cVi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed1n truy\u1ec7n ng\u1eafn ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec l\u00e0 kh\u00f3. M\u00ecnh c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u201d. \u1ede Vi\u1ec7t Nam ch\u00fang t\u00f4i, c\u00f3 c\u00e2u t\u1ee5c ng\u1eef \u201c\u0111i\u1ebfc kh\u00f4ng s\u1ee3 s\u00fang\u201d. \u0110\u00fang l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i. S\u00e1ng d\u1eady, t\u00f4i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u vi\u1ebft. M\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i vi\u1ebft t\u1eeb n\u0103m gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ebfn s\u00e1u gi\u1edd r\u01b0\u1ee1i s\u00e1ng, l\u00e0 v\u00ec b\u1ea3y gi\u1edd t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn x\u01b0\u1edfng. Th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u01b0\u1eddng, ng\u00f3n tay t\u00f4i t\u00ea c\u00f3ng l\u1ea1i. Sau m\u1ed9t tu\u1ea7n v\u1ea5t v\u1ea3, t\u00f4i vi\u1ebft xong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. 154","T\u00f4i mang \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00f2a so\u1ea1n b\u00e1o Nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 n\u00f3i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed trong Ban v\u0103n h\u1ecdc: \u201cT\u00f4i r\u1ea5t sung s\u01b0\u1edbng n\u1ebfu b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u0103ng, t\u00f9y c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed \u0111\u0103ng hay kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u0103ng, nh\u01b0ng d\u00f9 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o th\u00ec c\u0169ng xin c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed s\u1eeda l\u1ed7i ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p cho t\u00f4i...\u201d. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed ngh\u0129 xem t\u00f4i vui m\u1eebng xi\u1ebft bao, khi m\u1ea5y ng\u00e0y sau, m\u1edf xem b\u00e1o bu\u1ed5i s\u00e1ng, t\u00f4i th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 \u0111\u0103ng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m y\u00eau qu\u00fd c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i. Ni\u1ec1m vui s\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n n\u1eefa, khi t\u00f2a so\u1ea1n b\u00e1o Nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1o tr\u1ea3 cho t\u00f4i s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n nhu\u1eadn b\u00fat 50 phr\u0103ng. V\u1edbi s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u00f3, t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng 10 ng\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng th\u1eddi gian \u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc s\u00e1ch. H\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac bi\u1ebft ng\u1ea7n n\u00e0o\u201d1. Ghi nh\u1edb l\u1eddi Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh c\u0103n d\u1eb7n: \u201cKh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft r\u00f5, hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5, ch\u1edb n\u00f3i, ch\u1edb vi\u1ebft. Khi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec c\u1ea7n n\u00f3i, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec c\u1ea7n vi\u1ebft, ch\u1edb n\u00f3i, ch\u1edb vi\u1ebft c\u00e0n\u201d2. V- H\u1eccC KHOA H\u1eccC - K\u1ef8 THU\u1eacT, CHUY\u00caN M\u00d4N NGHI\u1ec6P V\u1ee4, NGO\u1ea0I NG\u1eee, R\u00c8N LUY\u1ec6N S\u1ee8C KH\u1eceE, QU\u00c2N S\u1ef0 1. H\u1ecdc khoa h\u1ecdc - k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt Trong t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh, m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u0103n h\u00f3a cao l\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u00f3 n\u1ec1n khoa h\u1ecdc - ____________ 1. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, S\u0111d, t.12, tr.712-713. 2. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, S\u0111d, t.5, tr.342. 155","k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Theo Ng\u01b0\u1eddi, khoa h\u1ecdc - k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, do v\u1eady mu\u1ed1n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 h\u1ecdc th\u1ee9c, n\u00ean c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 h\u1ecdc khoa h\u1ecdc - k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt. Ngay t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1919, thay m\u1eb7t nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t Ph\u00e1p, Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1i Qu\u1ed1c g\u1eedi b\u1ea3n Y\u00eau s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n An Nam \u0111\u1ebfn H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh h\u1ecdp \u1edf V\u00e9cx\u00e2y g\u1ed3m t\u00e1m \u0111i\u1ec3m, trong \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00f2i: t\u1ef1 do b\u00e1o ch\u00ed v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 do ng\u00f4n lu\u1eadn; t\u1ef1 do h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp, th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p \u1edf t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3n x\u1ee9. N\u0103m 1945, trong Th\u01b0 g\u1eedi B\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng Ngo\u1ea1i giao Hoa K\u1ef3, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00eau nguy\u1ec7n v\u1ecdng g\u1eedi 50 thanh ni\u00ean Vi\u1ec7t Nam sang Hoa K\u1ef3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c. C\u0169ng v\u00e0o th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0y, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u00eau g\u1ecdi: \u201cC\u00e1c thanh ni\u00ean n\u00ean c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng tay chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n nh\u00e2n t\u00e0i \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh\u201d1. Ch\u1ec9 n\u00eau m\u1ea5y \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u00ean cho th\u1ea5y, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn xa, th\u1ea5y r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 s\u1edbm nh\u1eadn r\u00f5 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp khoa h\u1ecdc - k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc. N\u00f3i v\u1ec1 vai tr\u00f2 v\u00e0 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc khoa h\u1ecdc - k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5: ____________ 1. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, S\u0111d, t.4, tr.98-99. 156","\u201cCh\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 khoa h\u1ecdc, k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a ta hi\u1ec7n nay c\u00f2n th\u1ea5p k\u00e9m. L\u1ec1 l\u1ed1i s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ch\u01b0a c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u. C\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u00f2n n\u1eb7ng nh\u1ecdc. N\u0103ng su\u1ea5t lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f2n th\u1ea5p k\u00e9m. Phong t\u1ee5c t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u. Nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a khoa h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 ra s\u1ee9c c\u1ea3i bi\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i \u0111\u00f3... Khoa h\u1ecdc ph\u1ea3i t\u1eeb s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t m\u00e0 ra v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang, nh\u1eb1m n\u00e2ng cao n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t lao \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m cho ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a khoa h\u1ecdc, k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt l\u00e0 c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 quan tr\u1ecdng, cho n\u00ean m\u1ecdi ng\u00e0nh, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i tham gia c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c khoa h\u1ecdc, k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng cao n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ra nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i\u201d1. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi coi h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp khoa h\u1ecdc - k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc. Mu\u1ed1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft khoa h\u1ecdc - k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, mu\u1ed1n bi\u1ebft khoa h\u1ecdc - k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp, ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm t\u00f2i s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c lao \u0111\u1ed9ng cho h\u1ee3p l\u00fd, ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t cao, ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ed1t. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e2n t\u00edch r\u00f5, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, m\u00e1y m\u00f3c ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng tinh x\u1ea3o, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 khoa h\u1ecdc - k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c ____________ 1. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, S\u0111d, t.14, tr.96-97. 157","\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu kh\u00f3 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp s\u1ebd b\u1ecb l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu, m\u00e0 l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu l\u00e0 b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e0o th\u1ea3i v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e0o th\u1ea3i m\u00ecnh. Theo Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh, trong vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ebfn thi\u1ebft n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u00e0 v\u1ec1 m\u1ecdi m\u1eb7t, ta thi\u1ebfu r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 nh\u01b0 k\u1ef9 s\u01b0, chuy\u00ean gia, th\u1ee3 l\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1, th\u1ea7y d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc, v.v.. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, ph\u1ea3i lu\u00f4n c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng h\u1ecdc th\u00eam, ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o m\u1ecdi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u1eafm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft khoa h\u1ecdc - k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, ra s\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o th\u1eadt nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 khoa h\u1ecdc - k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u: \u201cD\u1ea1y b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c ch\u00e1u thi\u1ebfu ni\u00ean v\u1ec1 khoa h\u1ecdc, k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, l\u00e0m cho c\u00e1c ch\u00e1u ngay t\u1eeb thu\u1edf nh\u1ecf \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft y\u00eau khoa h\u1ecdc, \u0111\u1ec3 mai sau c\u00e1c ch\u00e1u tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u00f3i quen sinh ho\u1ea1t v\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c theo khoa h\u1ecdc\u201d1. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 tr\u1ebb, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf, ph\u1ea3i ra s\u1ee9c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1eafm v\u1eefng v\u00e0 l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 khoa h\u1ecdc - k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, v\u00ec x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u00e1y m\u00f3c, c\u00f3 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, c\u00f3 v\u0103n h\u00f3a, n\u00ean thanh ni\u00ean ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc cho gi\u1ecfi. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi hu\u1ea5n th\u1ecb: Trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn, m\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u1eb7c th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n. Ng\u00e0y nay, kinh t\u1ebf l\u00e0 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. V\u00ec v\u1eady, c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft kinh t\u1ebf, bi\u1ebft khoa h\u1ecdc, k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, ch\u01b0a bi\u1ebft th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng m\u00e0 h\u1ecdc cho bi\u1ebft. \u201cCh\u00fang ta ____________ 1. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, S\u0111d, t.14, tr.99. 158","v\u1eeba l\u00e0m, v\u1eeba h\u1ecdc, v\u1eeba h\u1ecdc, v\u1eeba l\u00e0m. C\u00e1n b\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean nh\u1eefng c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n\u201d1. Tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ed1t, ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ea5u n\u00e2ng cao ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n nh\u1eb1m thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 do c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc ta \u0111\u1ec1 ra v\u00e0 trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian kh\u00f4ng xa, \u0111\u1ea1t nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ec9nh cao c\u1ee7a khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u00eau g\u1ecdi: \u201cQuy\u1ebft t\u00e2m \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o khoa h\u1ecdc - k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7p v\u1ee5, ph\u00e1t huy tinh th\u1ea7n s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o, d\u00e1m ngh\u0129 d\u00e1m l\u00e0m, ra s\u1ee9c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp v\u00e0 v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng t\u1ed1t s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn, n\u00e2ng cao n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t lao \u0111\u1ed9ng\u201d2. Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Tr\u1ea7n \u0110\u1ea1i Ngh\u0129a - ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eeb Ph\u00e1p theo Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh v\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u0103m 1946, k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt: \u201cV\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u00e0 ch\u1eb3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao l\u00e2u th\u00ec kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5, B\u00e1c giao cho t\u00f4i ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c trong ng\u00e0nh qu\u00e2n gi\u1edbi. B\u00e1c b\u1ea3o t\u00f4i: \u201c\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1. Ch\u00fa c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi anh em ra s\u1ee9c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ng\u00e0nh qu\u00e2n gi\u1edbi, ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9i. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi d\u00e2n, v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc\u201d. V\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, t\u00f4i mang t\u00ean Tr\u1ea7n \u0110\u1ea1i Ngh\u0129a... Ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea7u kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn, nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n d\u1ed3n d\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn. C\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf ____________ 1. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, S\u0111d, t.12, tr.694. 2. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, S\u0111d, t.15, tr.111. 159","ph\u1ea3i r\u00fat v\u00e0o r\u1eebng n\u00fai: m\u00e1y m\u00f3c, nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 bao nhi\u00eau. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ph\u1ea3i d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o s\u1ee9c m\u00ecnh... T\u00f4i c\u00f9ng anh em nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n ng\u00e0nh qu\u00e2n gi\u1edbi. H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh hy sinh chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a anh em b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9i ngo\u00e0i chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u1ee7a anh Ng\u00f4 Gia Kh\u1ea3m v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed kh\u00e1c c\u00e0ng nh\u01b0 th\u00fac d\u1ee5c t\u00f4i quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m \u0111em s\u1ee9c m\u00ecnh c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd, t\u00ednh to\u00e1n c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u, ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i v\u0169 kh\u00ed th\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u1edf chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng trong t\u1eebng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n. Nh\u1edb l\u1eddi B\u00e1c, b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng qu\u00ean gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1, h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn anh em trong ng\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 l\u00fd lu\u1eadn nh\u01b0: l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 ph\u00e1o binh, v\u1ec1 h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t, v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh n\u0103ng v\u0169 kh\u00ed, c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa, b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n. Ng\u00e0y \u0111\u00eam, t\u00f4i mi\u1ec7t m\u00e0i trong c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c, m\u1ea3i m\u00ea v\u1edbi con t\u00ednh, v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd, c\u00f3 khi qu\u00ean c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 sinh ho\u1ea1t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft nh\u01b0 \u0103n, ng\u1ee7, t\u1eafm, c\u1eaft t\u00f3c. T\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i Li\u00ean hoan Anh h\u00f9ng chi\u1ebfn s\u0129 thi \u0111ua to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c B\u00e1c tuy\u00ean d\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f4ng tr\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 b\u1ea7u l\u00e0 Anh h\u00f9ng Lao \u0111\u1ed9ng\u201d1. Ghi nh\u1edb l\u1eddi Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh c\u0103n d\u1eb7n: \u201cM\u00e1y m\u00f3c ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng tinh x\u1ea3o, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c theo l\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng, nh\u01b0ng ____________ 1. Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 B\u00e1c H\u1ed3, Nxb. Lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 1999, tr.99-101. 160","b\u00e2y gi\u1edd l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng m\u00e1y m\u00f3c tinh x\u1ea3o c\u1ea3, n\u00ean vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp v\u0103n h\u00f3a, n\u00e2ng cao tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft\u201d1. 2. H\u1ecdc chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n nghi\u1ec7p v\u1ee5, ngo\u1ea1i ng\u1eef V\u1ec1 h\u1ecdc chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n nghi\u1ec7p v\u1ee5. T\u1ee5c ng\u1eef Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f3 c\u00e2u: \u201cNh\u1ea5t ngh\u1ec7 tinh, nh\u1ea5t th\u00e2n vinh\u201d, \u201cH\u1ecdc \u0103n, h\u1ecdc n\u00f3i, h\u1ecdc g\u00f3i, h\u1ecdc m\u1edf\u201d. T\u1ee5c ng\u1eef Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f2n c\u00f3 c\u00e2u: \u201cM\u1ed9t ngh\u1ec1 cho ch\u00edn, h\u01a1n ch\u00edn m\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u1ec1\u201d. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u mu\u1ed1n khuy\u00ean m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m ngh\u1ec1 g\u00ec c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho tinh th\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p. Theo Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh, l\u00e0m ngh\u1ec1 g\u00ec c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc, h\u1ecdc nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ee9: ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, v\u0103n h\u00f3a, k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n nghi\u1ec7p v\u1ee5, v.v.. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi, m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t ngh\u1ec1, \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 sinh ho\u1ea1t. Ri\u00eang v\u1ec1 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o, ai ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong ng\u00e0nh n\u00e0o th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 gi\u1ecfi chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n nghi\u1ec7p v\u1ee5 ng\u00e0nh \u1ea5y. V\u00f4 lu\u1eadn \u1edf qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1, ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, kinh t\u1ebf, v\u0103n h\u00f3a, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n, c\u00f4ng an..., l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec h\u1ecdc chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n nghi\u1ec7p v\u1ee5 vi\u1ec7c \u1ea5y. C\u00e1n b\u1ed9 \u1edf chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n n\u00e0o, ph\u1ea3i th\u00e0nh th\u1ea1o c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u1edf chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n \u1ea5y. C\u00e1n b\u1ed9 qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 ph\u1ea3i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1, c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 y t\u1ebf ph\u1ea3i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u y h\u1ecdc, c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ph\u1ea3i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u s\u01b0 ph\u1ea1m..., b\u1edfi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n nghi\u1ec7p v\u1ee5 s\u1ebd d\u1eabn t\u1edbi ____________ 1. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, S\u0111d, t.12, tr.459. 161","b\u1ec7nh n\u00f3i su\u00f4ng, l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o chung chung. Theo Ng\u01b0\u1eddi, c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft kinh t\u1ebf, c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 kinh t\u1ebf ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, ph\u1ea3i v\u1eeba l\u00e0m v\u1eeba h\u1ecdc, v\u1eeba h\u1ecdc v\u1eeba l\u00e0m; c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean nh\u1eefng c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n. Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh cho r\u1eb1ng, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00ean h\u1ecdc chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n nghi\u1ec7p v\u1ee5 cho th\u00f4ng th\u1ea1o, nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i n\u00e2ng cao tinh th\u1ea7n tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m. Theo Ng\u01b0\u1eddi, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec sang, vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec h\u00e8n. C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec th\u00e0nh th\u1ea1o, t\u00edch c\u1ef1c v\u00e0 l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t l\u00e0 sang, c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh th\u1ea1o, l\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u00e1c, l\u00e0m \u1ea9u, l\u00e0m x\u1ea5u l\u00e0 h\u00e8n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f2n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp v\u0103n h\u00f3a, k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7p v\u1ee5 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f9ng nhau nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn r\u00f5 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i. B\u1edfi n\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9 h\u1ecdc chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb th\u00ec nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eafm m\u1eaft m\u00e0 \u0111i. Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb s\u1ebd gi\u00fap cho l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n nghi\u1ec7p v\u1ee5. Ngo\u00e0i ra, ngay t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1957, n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n Nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y d\u1ec7t Nam \u0110\u1ecbnh, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 n\u00eau t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng kho\u00e1n g\u1eafn v\u1edbi ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i: \u201cCh\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0m kho\u00e1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, n\u00f3 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9, cho nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9. L\u00e0m kho\u00e1n l\u00e0 \u00edch chung v\u00e0 l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i ri\u00eang. C\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ra nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ea3i, c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng nhi\u1ec1u, h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u; l\u00e0m kho\u00e1n t\u1ed1t th\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi 162","ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 ta hi\u1ec7n nay. N\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n n\u00e0o thi\u1ebfu tinh th\u1ea7n tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m, thi\u1ebfu k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt lao \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00ec l\u00e0m cho mau nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1t; nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang v\u00e0 l\u00e0m kho\u00e1n ph\u1ea3i n\u00e2ng cao s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, nh\u01b0ng lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n ph\u1ea3i gi\u1eef ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng\u201d1. C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh mu\u1ed1n h\u1ecdc l\u00e1i xe l\u00e0 minh ch\u1ee9ng cho vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc th\u00eam chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n nghi\u1ec7p v\u1ee5: C\u00f3 l\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed l\u00e1i xe \u0111\u01b0a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u00e0 r\u1ed3i, nh\u01b0ng Ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng xu\u1ed1ng ngay, c\u00f2n \u1edf l\u1ea1i h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed n\u00e0y v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a xe. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed l\u00e1i xe r\u1eb1ng: M\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y B\u00e1c h\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t \u00edt \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft l\u00e1i xe. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u00ean c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u0169ng n\u00ean h\u1ecdc l\u00e1i xe \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng g\u00ec th\u00ec d\u1ec5 x\u1eed tr\u00ed. Ghi nh\u1edb l\u1eddi Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh c\u0103n d\u1eb7n: \u201cCh\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ee9: h\u1ecdc ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, h\u1ecdc v\u0103n h\u00f3a, h\u1ecdc k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, nghi\u1ec7p v\u1ee5\u201d2. V\u1ec1 h\u1ecdc ngo\u1ea1i ng\u1eef. M\u00e1c, \u0102ngghen, L\u00eanin l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec1u ngo\u1ea1i ng\u1eef. Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. Nh\u01b0ng kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi M\u00e1c, \u0102ngghen v\u00e0 L\u00eanin, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc ngo\u1ea1i ng\u1eef b\u1eb1ng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc, bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh th\u1ea1o nhi\u1ec1u ngo\u1ea1i ng\u1eef. Trong l\u00fd l\u1ecbch t\u1ef1 khai khi d\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 VII Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n n\u0103m 1935, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ghi: \u201cBi\u1ebft c\u00e1c th\u1ee9 ti\u1ebfng: Ph\u00e1p, Anh, ____________ 1. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, S\u0111d, t.10, tr.537-538. 2. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, S\u0111d, t.12, tr.528. 163","Trung Qu\u1ed1c, \u00dd, \u0110\u1ee9c, Nga\u201d. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f2n bi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ti\u1ebfng Th\u00e1i Lan, T\u00e2y Ban Nha v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng \u1ea2r\u1eadp... Ch\u1ec9 n\u00eau m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i d\u1eabn ch\u1ee9ng do Tr\u1ea7n D\u00e2n Ti\u00ean k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc ngo\u1ea1i ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: H\u1ed3i \u1edf Ph\u00e1p, anh Ba \u0111ang ngh\u1ec9 ch\u1edd vi\u1ec7c \u1edf nh\u00e0 vi\u00ean ch\u1ee7 t\u00e0u, anh h\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p v\u1edbi c\u00f4 sen. Sau khi r\u1eddi Hav\u01a1r\u01a1, ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n tr\u00ean t\u00e0u h\u1ecfi anh \u0111i \u0111\u00e2u? v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi l\u00e0 \u0111i Anh. T\u1ea1i sao \u0111i Anh? Ba n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfng Anh. Khi \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01b0\u1edbc Anh, tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n: Ai \u0111\u01b0a anh \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y? Anh Ba tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi: T\u00f4i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfng Anh. Anh Ba kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc, v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00e0nh, anh Ba tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n ph\u00f2ng, ti\u1ec1n b\u01a1, b\u00e1nh m\u1ef3 v\u00e0 s\u00e1u b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc ch\u1eef Anh. \u201cC\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m t\u1eeb t\u00e1m gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ebfn m\u01b0\u1eddi hai gi\u1edd. H\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y, bu\u1ed5i s\u00e1ng s\u1edbm v\u00e0 bu\u1ed5i chi\u1ec1u, anh Ba ng\u1ed3i trong v\u01b0\u1eddn hoa Hay\u0111\u01a1 tay c\u1ea7m m\u1ed9t quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i b\u00fat ch\u00ec. H\u1eb1ng tu\u1ea7n, v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y ngh\u1ec9, anh \u0111i h\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfng Anh v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00dd\u201d1. Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh c\u00f3 ch\u00ed l\u1edbn v\u00e0 c\u00f3 ngh\u1ecb l\u1ef1c phi th\u01b0\u1eddng trong vi\u1ec7c t\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc ngo\u1ea1i ng\u1eef. N\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 n\u0103m 1919, v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n Y\u00eau s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n An Nam, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i nh\u1edd lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 Phan V\u0103n Tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n th\u00ec n\u0103m 1920, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb \u00e1p b\u1ee9c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1925 ____________ 1. Tr\u1ea7n D\u00e2n Ti\u00ean: Nh\u1eefng m\u1ea9u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eddi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a H\u1ed3 Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch, S\u0111d, tr.28. 164","\u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m B\u1ea3n \u00e1n ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u lu\u1eadn t\u1ed9i \u0111anh th\u00e9p. N\u0103m 1923, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u1ebfn Nga, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfng \u0110\u1ee9c. C\u00f3 l\u1ea7n, n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 ngo\u1ea1i giao, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i: \u201c\u1ede \u0110\u1ee9c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u00f3 kh\u00e1 h\u01a1n, bi\u1ebft ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng Anh n\u00ean h\u1ecdc c\u0169ng ch\u00f3ng h\u01a1n\u201d. Th\u1eddi gian \u1edf Nga, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 quen m\u1ed9t h\u1ecda s\u0129 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Th\u1ee5y \u0110i\u1ec3n l\u00e0 E. Gi\u00f4hanx\u01a1n. H\u1ecda s\u0129 n\u00e0y cho bi\u1ebft: \u201cTrong th\u1eddi gian g\u1eb7p nhau ng\u1eafn ng\u1ee7i kho\u1ea3ng b\u1ed1n th\u00e1ng, Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1i Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ebfng Th\u1ee5y \u0110i\u1ec3n v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi Th\u1ee5y \u0110i\u1ec3n hi\u1ec3u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng\u201d. \u0110\u1ebfn n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0o, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfng c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3, d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u ngo\u1ea1i ng\u1eef \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc s\u00e1ch, b\u00e1o, n\u00e2ng cao t\u1ea7m hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft s\u00e1ch, b\u00e1o ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng. Nh\u1eefng n\u0103m tu\u1ed5i cao, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eabn ki\u00ean tr\u00ec t\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc theo ki\u1ec3u \u0111\u00f3. V\u00ed nh\u01b0, \u0111\u1ecdc Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n nh\u1eadt b\u00e1o (Trung Qu\u1ed1c), g\u1eb7p t\u1eeb n\u00e0o m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec1u ghi l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc, nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb kh\u00f3 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft th\u01b0 h\u1ecfi \u00f4ng V\u0103n Trang l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u1edf \u0110\u1ea1i s\u1ee9 qu\u00e1n Trung Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ea1i H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i nh\u1edd gi\u1ea3i ngh\u0129a. Ho\u1eb7c tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111i th\u0103m n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0o, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u ghi v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e2u n\u00f3i th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho vi\u1ec7c giao ti\u1ebfp. Do t\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc gi\u1ecfi ngo\u1ea1i ng\u1eef, n\u00ean Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecdc nguy\u00ean b\u1ea3n c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m, s\u00e1ch, b\u00e1o, t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i nh\u01b0 c\u1ee7a R\u00fatx\u00f4, Band\u1eafc, Huyg\u00f4, La Ph\u00f4ngten, D\u00f4la b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p, 165","S\u1ebfchxpia, \u0110\u00edchken, Gi\u1eafc L\u00e2n\u0111\u01a1n b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Anh, Puskin, T\u00f4nxt\u00f4i, Go\u00f3cki b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Nga, Qu\u00e1ch M\u1ea1t Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c, L\u1ed7 T\u1ea5n b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Trung, v.v., \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 s\u00e1ch, b\u00e1o c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc anh em, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean X\u00f4 v\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f2n vi\u1ebft nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m, truy\u1ec7n, k\u1ecbch, k\u00fd, th\u01a1 ca b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m: Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb \u00e1p b\u1ee9c, B\u1ea3n \u00e1n ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p, k\u1ecbch Con r\u1ed3ng tre b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p, Nh\u1eadt k\u00fd trong t\u00f9 b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng H\u00e1n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f2n d\u1ecbch L\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Li\u00ean X\u00f4 t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Nga, Binh ph\u00e1p T\u00f4n T\u1eed t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Trung v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u ti\u1ebfng n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i ra ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t, v.v.. Nh\u1eefng n\u0103m ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 sau n\u00e0y tr\u00ean c\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch n\u01b0\u1edbc, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp giao thi\u1ec7p v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u ch\u00ednh kh\u00e1ch v\u00e0 nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3. Nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1u do t\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc ngo\u1ea1i ng\u1eef m\u00e0 c\u00f3. T\u1eeb kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u00ean m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi: Bi\u1ebft ti\u1ebfng n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i ta d\u1ec5 g\u00e2y c\u1ea3m t\u00ecnh l\u1eafm, g\u1eb7p ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00ecnh c\u0169ng n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u0103m ba c\u00e2u, n\u00f3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00ec g\u00e2y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ed1t l\u1eafm!. \u201c\u00cdt nh\u1ea5t c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 ti\u1ebfng n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i, \u0111\u1ec3 xem b\u00e1o n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i, v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u201d1. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f2n d\u1eb7n: \u201cTrong ngh\u1ec1 l\u00e0m b\u00e1o, ta c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a ta, ____________ 1. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, S\u0111d, t.6, tr.103. 166","nh\u01b0ng ta c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc th\u00eam kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc anh em. Mu\u1ed1n th\u1ebf, th\u00ec nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m b\u00e1o \u00edt nh\u1ea5t c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 ti\u1ebfng n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i\u201d1. Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n cho th\u1ea5y Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh t\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc m\u00e0 gi\u1ecfi ngo\u1ea1i ng\u1eef, do \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed Tr\u1ea7n Khuy\u1ebfn k\u1ec3: \u201cT\u00f4i m\u1edbi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p m\u1ed9t kh\u00f3a ti\u1ebfng Nga \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecdc t\u1ea1i M\u00e1txc\u01a1va hai n\u0103m (1954 - 1956), tu\u1ed5i \u0111\u1eddi c\u00f2n r\u1ea5t tr\u1ebb, ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea7y 20 tu\u1ed5i. T\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi \u0111i phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch cho \u0110o\u00e0n v\u0103n c\u00f4ng Ucraina sang th\u0103m v\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam... \u0110o\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi t\u1edbi bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n t\u1ea1i s\u00e2n kh\u1ea5u ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi \u1edf \u0110\u1ea1i s\u1ee9 qu\u00e1n Li\u00ean X\u00f4 cho B\u00e1c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i xem. C\u00e1c di\u1ec5n vi\u00ean bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n r\u1ea5t ph\u1ea5n kh\u1edfi. T\u00f4i ng\u1ed3i c\u1ea1nh B\u00e1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed tr\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111o\u00e0n. B\u00e1c n\u00f3i tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Nga, th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng t\u00f4i m\u1edbi ph\u1ea3i d\u1ecbch. B\u00e1c ng\u1ed3i xem v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t vui. Sau khi xem xong, B\u00e1c l\u00ean s\u00e2n kh\u1ea5u t\u1eb7ng hoa v\u00e0 khen ng\u1ee3i \u0111o\u00e0n. H\u00f4m \u0111\u00f3, l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch cho B\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f4ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi. T\u00f4i v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng h\u1ed3i h\u1ed9p v\u00e0 x\u00fac \u0111\u1ed9ng, v\u1eeba m\u1eebng l\u1ea1i v\u1eeba lo. M\u1eebng v\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vinh d\u1ef1 d\u1ecbch cho B\u00e1c, lo v\u00ec bi\u1ebft B\u00e1c gi\u1ecfi ti\u1ebfng Nga n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 d\u1ecbch t\u00f9y ti\u1ec7n. T\u00f4i nh\u1edb h\u00f4m \u0111\u00f3 B\u00e1c n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u r\u1ea5t d\u00ed d\u1ecfm, v\u00ed c\u00e1c c\u00f4 g\u00e1i Ucraina \u0111\u1eb9p nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng c\u00f4 ti\u00ean. T\u00f4i b\u00ed kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft d\u1ecbch ch\u1eef c\u00f4 ti\u00ean ra ti\u1ebfng Nga l\u00e0 g\u00ec li\u1ec1n quay sang ____________ 1. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, S\u0111d, t.12, tr.167. 167","h\u1ecfi B\u00e1c, B\u00e1c m\u00e1ch b\u1ea3o t\u00f4i: Ch\u00e1u c\u1ee9 d\u1ecbch \u201cc\u00f4 g\u00e1i \u1edf tr\u00ean tr\u1eddi\u201d c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. T\u00f4i r\u1ea5t \u00e2n h\u1eadn, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 v\u1eady m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch chuy\u1ec3n. \u00c2u \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ng\u00e2y th\u01a1 c\u1ee7a tu\u1ed5i tr\u1ebb, l\u00e0 b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc cho ngh\u1ec1 phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i sau n\u00e0y\u201d1. Ghi nh\u1edb l\u1eddi Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh c\u0103n d\u1eb7n: \u201cH\u1ecdc th\u00eam \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 ti\u1ebfng n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i coi nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 th\u00eam m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1edf th\u00eam kho t\u00e0ng tri th\u1ee9c. Vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c su\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eddi\u201d2. 3. H\u1ecdc r\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe, h\u1ecdc qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 V\u1ec1 r\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe. Th\u1eddi thanh ni\u00ean, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 trong 30 n\u0103m ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 sau khi v\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam, Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh \u0111\u00e3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u k\u1ef9 v\u1ec1 v\u0103n h\u00f3a th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00f4ng, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y. Do \u0111\u00f3, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eafm v\u1eefng b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a th\u1ec3 d\u1ee5c th\u1ec3 thao, ti\u1ebfp thu m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p r\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u00f3. Ch\u00ednh Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 khai sinh n\u1ec1n th\u1ec3 d\u1ee5c th\u1ec3 thao c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00eau g\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ec1 t\u1ef1 r\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean v\u00e0 ki\u00ean tr\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 to\u00e0n d\u00e2n ta noi theo. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho r\u1eb1ng, mu\u1ed1n lao ____________ 1. \u1ede b\u00ean B\u00e1c H\u1ed3, Nxb. Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c gia, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 2012, tr.286-287. 2 B\u00e1c H\u1ed3 - Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 phong c\u00e1ch, S\u0111d, tr.54. 168","\u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t, c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp t\u1ed1t th\u00ec c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe, mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe ph\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 r\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n th\u1ec3 thao. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho r\u1eb1ng, gi\u1eef g\u00ecn d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u00e0, g\u00e2y \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng m\u1edbi, vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe m\u1edbi th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng. M\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n y\u1ebfu \u1edbt t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc y\u1ebfu \u1edbt, m\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n m\u1ea1nh kh\u1ecfe t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ea1nh kh\u1ecfe. \u201cV\u1eady n\u00ean luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 d\u1ee5c, b\u1ed3i b\u1ed5 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe l\u00e0 b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc. Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m, kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n g\u00ec. G\u00e1i trai, gi\u00e0 tr\u1ebb ai c\u0169ng n\u00ean l\u00e0m v\u00e0 ai c\u0169ng l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. M\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y l\u00fac ng\u1ee7 d\u1eady, t\u1eadp m\u1ed9t \u00edt th\u1ec3 d\u1ee5c. Ng\u00e0y n\u00e0o c\u0169ng t\u1eadp th\u00ec kh\u00ed huy\u1ebft l\u01b0u th\u00f4ng, tinh th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe. B\u1ed9 Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u00f3 Nha Th\u1ec3 d\u1ee5c, m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 khuy\u00ean v\u00e0 d\u1ea1y cho \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 d\u1ee5c, \u0111\u1eb7ng gi\u1eef g\u00ecn v\u00e0 b\u1ed3i \u0111\u1eafp s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe\u201d1. N\u0103m 1945, trong th\u01b0 T\u1ebft Trung thu v\u1edbi n\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0103n d\u1eb7n thi\u1ebfu nhi: \u201cH\u00f4m nay tha h\u1ed3 c\u00e1c em vui ch\u01a1i cho th\u1ecfa ch\u00ed, ng\u00e0y mai mong c\u00e1c em ra s\u1ee9c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp... Em n\u00e0o ch\u01b0a bi\u1ebft th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc cho bi\u1ebft. Ph\u1ea3i si\u00eang t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 thao cho m\u00ecnh m\u1ea9y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1edf nang\u201d2. Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh n\u00eau \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1edbn: \u201cD\u00e2n c\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec qu\u1ed1c th\u1ecbnh\u201d3, r\u1eb1ng n\u1ebfu nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ta ai c\u0169ng kh\u1ecfe th\u00ec n\u01b0\u1edbc ta s\u1ebd mau m\u1ea1nh gi\u00e0u. Trong cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p, ____________ 1, 2, 3. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, S\u0111d, t.4, tr.241, 15, 241. 169","Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0103n d\u1eb7n c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 y t\u1ebf ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe cho c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n. S\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ee7a c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m th\u00ec tinh th\u1ea7n c\u00e0ng h\u0103ng h\u00e1i. Tinh th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 th\u00ec kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i, ki\u1ebfn qu\u1ed1c c\u00e0ng mau th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng. R\u1eb1ng: \u201cVi\u1ec7c gi\u1eef g\u00ecn v\u00e0 b\u1ed3i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, ng\u01b0\u1eddi y t\u00e1 ph\u1ea3i g\u00e1nh m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng. V\u00ec v\u1eady, y t\u00e1 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfn s\u0129 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u1eb7c \u1ed1m, \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 s\u1ef1 khang ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a gi\u1ed1ng n\u00f2i\u201d1. Ngo\u00e0i ra, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f2n khuy\u00ean m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 d\u1ee5c, r\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe, v\u00ec theo Ng\u01b0\u1eddi luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 d\u1ee5c, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe l\u00e0 b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c th\u1ec3 d\u1ee5c th\u1ec3 thao l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng trong to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ta, n\u00ean ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n phong tr\u00e0o th\u1ec3 d\u1ee5c, th\u1ec3 thao cho r\u1ed9ng kh\u1eafp. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u00ean: \u201cCh\u1edb bao gi\u1edd ng\u1ed3i kh\u00f4ng. L\u00fac r\u1ea3nh vi\u1ec7c, th\u00ec n\u00ean nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, ho\u1eb7c theo s\u1ee9c m\u00e0 t\u0103ng gia s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ed5 \u00edch cho th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i vui cho tinh th\u1ea7n. Ch\u1edb t\u1eafm n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e3 nhi\u1ec1u qu\u00e1. Ch\u1edb u\u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e3, ch\u1edb \u0103n no qu\u00e1, ch\u1edb ng\u1ee7 tr\u01b0a nhi\u1ec1u\u201d2. Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 hai c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf cho th\u1ea5y Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh ki\u00ean tr\u00ec t\u1ef1 r\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n s\u1ee9c ____________ 1. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, S\u0111d, t.6, tr.34. 2. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, S\u0111d, t.5, tr.176. 170","kh\u1ecfe. C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t: N\u0103m 1945, khi c\u00f2n \u1edf s\u1ed1 12, ph\u1ed1 Ng\u00f4 Quy\u1ec1n, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed Kh\u00e1ng: Ch\u00fa c\u00f3 bi\u1ebft v\u00f5 kh\u00f4ng? Ch\u00fa xem c\u00f3 b\u00e0i n\u00e0o h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe v\u00e0 tu\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a B\u00e1c th\u00ec h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn cho B\u00e1c. \u0110\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed Kh\u00e1ng h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn cho Ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e0i B\u00e1t b\u1ed9 li\u00ean hoa quy\u1ec1n g\u1ed3m 49 \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c. Khi thu\u1ed9c r\u1ed3i, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 h\u1eb1ng s\u00e1ng Ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eadp b\u00e0i quy\u1ec1n n\u00e0y. C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n th\u1ee9 hai: T\u1eeb ng\u00e0y 19-12-1954 \u0111\u1ebfn khi qua \u0111\u1eddi, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf Khu Ph\u1ee7 Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eady s\u1edbm, xu\u1ed1ng t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 d\u1ee5c. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng luy\u1ec7n b\u00e0i quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e3 luy\u1ec7n. V\u1ec1 sau, tuy s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe y\u1ebfu, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eabn xu\u1ed1ng t\u1eadp th\u1edf v\u00e0 \u0111i b\u00e1ch b\u1ed9. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1eef n\u1ebfp \u0111i b\u00e1ch b\u1ed9 r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec1u. M\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y v\u00e0i l\u1ea7n, m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n d\u0103m tr\u0103m m\u00e9t. V\u1eeba \u0111i v\u1eeba tr\u00f2 chuy\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c d\u1eb7n d\u00f2 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c. Ghi nh\u1edb l\u1eddi Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh c\u0103n d\u1eb7n: \u201cPh\u1ea3i r\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 cho kh\u1ecfe m\u1ea1nh. Kh\u1ecfe m\u1ea1nh th\u00ec m\u1edbi c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 tham gia m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch d\u1ebbo dai b\u1ec1n b\u1ec9 nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u00edch n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ee3i d\u00e2n\u201d1. V\u1ec1 h\u1ecdc qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1. L\u00e0 linh h\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a hai cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c M\u1ef9 x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c, Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh r\u1ea5t quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1, kinh nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ea5u tranh v\u0169 trang c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch ____________ 1. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, S\u0111d, t.10, tr.440. 171","m\u1ea1ng tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi nh\u01b0: C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Ph\u00e1p (1789), C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng M\u1ef9 (1776), C\u00f4ng x\u00e3 Pari (1871), C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Nga (1905), C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Th\u00e1ng M\u01b0\u1eddi Nga (1917), c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Trung Qu\u1ed1c ch\u1ed1ng Nh\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f2n d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 nh\u01b0: Binh ph\u00e1p T\u00f4n T\u1eed, Chi\u1ebfn thu\u1eadt du k\u00edch, C\u00e1ch hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a Kh\u1ed5ng Minh... v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft nhi\u1ec1u b\u00e0i v\u1ec1 qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ed3i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u00e0 hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 cho c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn s\u0129. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u00e0 qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 thi\u00ean t\u00e0i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i ta. Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh k\u00eau g\u1ecdi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 thanh ni\u00ean ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu kh\u00f3 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp v\u00e0 hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam, b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 gi\u00e0 tr\u1ebb, trai g\u00e1i, b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 gi\u00e0u ngh\u00e8o, l\u1edbn nh\u1ecf, \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i tr\u1edf n\u00ean m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfn s\u0129 \u0111\u1ea5u tranh tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1, kinh t\u1ebf, ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, v\u0103n h\u00f3a. T\u1eeb s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n qu\u00e2n, t\u1ef1 v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 du k\u00edch l\u00e0 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbch, m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c, d\u00f9 k\u1ebb \u0111\u1ecbch hung b\u1ea1o th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, h\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00f3, b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f3, th\u00ec ch\u00fang c\u0169ng b\u1ecb tan r\u00e3, n\u00ean Ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u00ean anh em d\u00e2n qu\u00e2n, t\u1ef1 v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 du k\u00edch ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 ph\u1ea3i ra s\u1ee9c h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi th\u00eam. R\u1eb1ng: \u201cC\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f9ng nhau nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn r\u00f5 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i. Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb th\u00ec 172","c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u00fang. C\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 h\u00f3a \u0111o\u00e0n th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 v\u1ec7, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u1eadp d\u01b0\u1ee3t cho \u0111\u1ec1u v\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t tinh th\u1ea7n k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt, trong c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i theo m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 quy c\u1ee7\u201d1. Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh xem tr\u1ecdng vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0169 trang m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n, lu\u00f4n ph\u1ea3i ra s\u1ee9c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp v\u0103n h\u00f3a, ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 chi\u1ebfn thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt. Mu\u1ed1n tr\u1edf n\u00ean v\u00e0 x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u00e2n nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng th\u00ec m\u1ed7i chi\u1ebfn s\u0129, t\u1eeb c\u1ea5p tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea5p d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9. R\u1eb1ng: \u201cQu\u00e2n nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft v\u00f5, ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft v\u0103n, v\u00f5 l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 tay ph\u1ea3i, v\u0103n l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 tay tr\u00e1i c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n nh\u00e2n. Bi\u1ebft v\u00f5, bi\u1ebft v\u0103n, m\u1edbi l\u00e0 qu\u00e2n nh\u00e2n ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. Mu\u1ed1n th\u1ebf th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i thi \u0111ua h\u1ecdc\u201d2. Qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i ta l\u00e0 qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, t\u1eeb nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n m\u00e0 ra, v\u00ec nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n m\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u, n\u00ean ph\u1ea3i gi\u1eef g\u00ecn v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng anh d\u0169ng, \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 m\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec1u k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt. Ph\u1ea3i ra s\u1ee9c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp, r\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n, tu d\u01b0\u1ee1ng, c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng giai c\u1ea5p c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n, n\u00e2ng cao tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 m\u00e3i, x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng l\u00e0 qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u00ean b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9i: \u201cLuy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 cho m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt cho ____________ 1. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh:To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, S\u0111d, t.4, tr.244. 2. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, S\u0111d, t.6, tr.61. 173","th\u00f4ng th\u1ea1o. Trau d\u1ed3i tinh th\u1ea7n cho v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc. Hun \u0111\u00fac \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u00e2n nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng cho v\u1eefng v\u00e0ng\u201d1. Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n do \u0110\u1ea1i t\u01b0\u1edbng V\u00f5 Nguy\u00ean Gi\u00e1p k\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh vi\u1ebft t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1: \u201cC\u01a1 s\u1edf H\u1ed9i C\u1ee9u qu\u1ed1c lan \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2u, l\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp t\u1ef1 v\u1ec7, \u0111\u1eb7t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u0169 trang ngay. Cho t\u1edbi cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1941, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 trong v\u00f2ng h\u01a1n n\u1eeda n\u0103m sau H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 8, M\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn Vi\u1ec7t Minh ra \u0111\u1eddi, Cao B\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u c\u01a1 s\u1edf t\u1ef1 v\u1ec7 v\u0169 trang... \u0110\u1ec3 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb v\u0169 trang c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n d\u00e2n, B\u00e1c c\u00f3 vi\u1ebft ra nh\u1eefng t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u, nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ec7n d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1nh du k\u00edch, cho in lit\u00f4 th\u00e0nh s\u00e1ch nh\u1ecf b\u1ecf t\u00fai, r\u1ea5t \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, nh\u01b0 quy\u1ec3n Chi\u1ebfn thu\u1eadt du k\u00edch, Kinh nghi\u1ec7m du k\u00edch Nga, quy\u1ec3n Kinh nghi\u1ec7m du k\u00edch T\u00e0u, nh\u1eefng s\u00e1ch \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i t\u1ef1 v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 h\u1ed9i vi\u00ean c\u1ee9u qu\u1ed1c c\u00e1c gi\u1edbi r\u1ea5t ch\u0103m \u0111\u1ecdc\u201d2. Ghi nh\u1edb l\u1eddi Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh c\u0103n d\u1eb7n: \u201cNhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i hi\u1ec7n nay l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean ch\u00ednh quy... Mu\u1ed1n cho b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9i ta h\u00f9ng m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9i ta ph\u1ea3i h\u00f9ng m\u1ea1nh, ____________ 1. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, S\u0111d, t.6, tr.243. 1. B\u00e1c H\u1ed3, Nxb. V\u0103n h\u1ecdc, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 1975, tr.193. 174","ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean ch\u00ednh quy\u201d1. VI- T\u1ef0 H\u1eccC L\u00c0 CH\u00cdNH, H\u1eccC V\u1edaI QUY\u1ebeT T\u00c2M CAO 1. T\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh T\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn tri th\u1ee9c. T\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt trong con ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh. Tuy h\u1ecdc \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1edbp kh\u00f4ng nhi\u1ec1u, nh\u01b0ng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh. \u0110\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2u, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp, t\u1ef1 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ec3 trau d\u1ed3i tri th\u1ee9c hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft nh\u1eb1m th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u, m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch l\u00e0 ph\u1ee5ng s\u1ef1 T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c, ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e2m s\u1ef1 v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed V\u0169 K\u1ef3: B\u00e1c h\u1ecdc ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c tr\u00ean gh\u1ebf nh\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 h\u1ebft l\u1edbp nh\u00ec c\u1ee7a b\u1eadc ti\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc. Trong l\u00fd l\u1ecbch t\u1ef1 khai \u1edf \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Ph\u00e1p c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 tham d\u1ef1 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u ghi \u1edf ph\u1ea7n tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ecdc v\u1ea5n l\u00e0: T\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc. C\u00f3 l\u1ea7n, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u1ec3: \u201cV\u1ec1 v\u0103n h\u00f3a: T\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 h\u1ecdc h\u1ebft l\u1edbp ti\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc... V\u1ec1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng: N\u0103m 17 tu\u1ed5i, t\u00f4i m\u1edbi th\u1ea5y ng\u1ecdn \u0111\u00e8n \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ____________ 1. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, S\u0111d, t.9, tr.221. 175","ti\u00ean, 29 tu\u1ed5i m\u1edbi nghe ra\u0111i\u00f4 l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean\u201d1. N\u0103m 1959, n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean Tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc P\u00e1tgiagiaran (In\u0111\u00f4n\u00eaxia), Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i: \u201cT\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp khi c\u00f2n tr\u1ebb, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft y\u00eau nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, y\u00eau T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c, y\u00eau h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh v\u00e0 gh\u00e9t ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c, gh\u00e9t \u00e1p b\u1ee9c v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a v\u1ecb k\u1ef7\u201d2. R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, \u1edf Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf lao \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng. Trong th\u1eddi gian s\u1ed1ng, lao \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i, \u0111i h\u1ebft n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c, l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c ngh\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh c\u0169ng tranh th\u1ee7 m\u1ecdi th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 v\u01b0\u1ee3t gian kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ki\u00ean tr\u00ec, b\u1ec1n b\u1ec9, th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean. \u0110\u1ebfn khi \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch \u0110\u1ea3ng, Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch n\u01b0\u1edbc, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eabn t\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc qua s\u00e1ch, b\u00e1o v\u00e0 trong th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n. B\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 mi\u1ec7t m\u00e0i, say s\u01b0a t\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 l\u0129nh h\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tri th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m s\u1eafc s\u1ea3o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tri th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00f3, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o v\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n Vi\u1ec7t Nam. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i, t\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea1o n\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch v\u00e0 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 uy\u00ean th\u00e2m c\u1ee7a ____________ 1. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, S\u0111d, t.13, tr.187. 2. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh - Bi\u00ean ni\u00ean ti\u1ec3u s\u1eed, Nxb. Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c gia, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 2009, t.7, tr.229. 176","Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh. Nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Vaxili\u00e9p \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1: \u201cHi\u1ebfm c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ch\u00ednh kh\u00e1ch n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh v\u1ec1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ecdc v\u1ea5n, t\u1ea7m hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u00f4ng minh trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi\u201d. Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh khuy\u00ean m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i ham h\u1ecdc. R\u1eb1ng: \u201cBi\u1ebft ch\u1eef, bi\u1ebft t\u00ednh, th\u00ec l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec c\u0169ng d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n. M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft ch\u1eef, bi\u1ebft t\u00ednh th\u00ec nh\u01b0 n\u1eeda m\u00f9 n\u1eeda qu\u00e1ng. Bi\u1ebft r\u1ed3i, ta h\u1ecdc th\u00eam. Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u00f2n bi\u1ebft bao nhi\u00eau \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc. Vi\u1ec7c th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u, h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd h\u1ebft. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 h\u1ecdc m\u1edbi c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9. C\u00e0ng h\u1ecdc c\u00e0ng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9\u201d1. Trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m S\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1ed1i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft: \u201cL\u1ea5y t\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc l\u00e0m c\u1ed1t\u201d2. B\u1edfi th\u1eddi gian h\u1ecdc tr\u00ean gh\u1ebf nh\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u01b0a th\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u00e0 s\u00e2u r\u1ed9ng v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc; n\u00f3 m\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 gi\u00fap ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft, \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c v\u00e0 g\u1ee3i cho ta l\u00f2ng ham mu\u1ed1n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u. C\u00f2n sau khi ra tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, ph\u1ea3i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng trong s\u00e1ch v\u1edf, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ngay trong th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, ph\u1ea3i v\u1eeba l\u00e0m v\u1eeba h\u1ecdc. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eb7t ra c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi: \u201cH\u1ecdc \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u, h\u1ecdc v\u1edbi ai?\u201d. R\u1ed3i tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi: \u201cH\u1ecdc trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, h\u1ecdc n\u01a1i c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, ____________ 1, 2. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, S\u0111d, t.5, tr.117, 312. 177","h\u1ecdc \u1edf qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang\u201d1. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc, ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 t\u00ecm ra n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc, t\u00ecm ra \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00e0 h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i n\u00e2ng cao vi\u1ec7c t\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf h\u1ecdc sinh: H\u1ecdc t\u1eadp \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u00e0y nay kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u01b0 h\u1ecdc \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng theo l\u1ed1i c\u0169, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 th\u1ea7y m\u1edbi h\u1ecdc, th\u1ea7y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00ec th\u00f4i, m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00e0 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp. Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 hai c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 t\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc. C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t do \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed V\u0169 K\u1ef3 - Th\u01b0 k\u00fd ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i: \u201cN\u0103m 1945, l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi B\u00e1c. B\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecdc cho t\u00f4i vi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t l\u00e1 th\u01b0 b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p, khi \u0111\u1ecdc l\u1ea1i, B\u00e1c ph\u1ea3i s\u1eeda cho ba l\u1ed7i. T\u00f4i thanh minh l\u00e0 b\u1ecf l\u00e2u, n\u00ean qu\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u. B\u00e1c c\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3o: H\u1ed3i tr\u01b0\u1edbc B\u00e1c h\u1ecdc ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ed7 b\u1eb1ng ch\u00fa, l\u1ea1i b\u1ecf h\u1ecdc l\u00e2u h\u01a1n ch\u00fa, sao B\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng qu\u00ean, r\u1ed3i B\u00e1c k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn: C\u00e1i ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ch\u00fa kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu t\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc th\u00eam\u201d. C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n th\u1ee9 hai, n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi sinh vi\u00ean, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u1ec3: \u201cH\u1ed3i B\u00e1c c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ed3ng tu\u1ed5i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u00e1u \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y th\u00ec B\u00e1c ph\u1ea3i \u0111i r\u1eeda b\u00e1t ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y ti\u1ec1n m\u00e0 \u0111i h\u1ecdc. V\u00ec l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 \u0110\u1ea3ng, ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 H\u1ed9i thanh ni\u00ean ho\u1eb7c sinh vi\u00ean, m\u00e0 l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p n\u00f3 ch\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea7u. C\u00f2n b\u00e2y gi\u1edd c\u00e1c ch\u00e1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n h\u1ebft kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Thanh ni\u00ean b\u00e2y gi\u1edd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 v\u1ebb vang, v\u00ec v\u1eady cho n\u00ean ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 gi\u00e1c t\u1ef1 nguy\u1ec7n m\u00e0 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ____________ 1. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, S\u0111d, t.6, tr.163. 178","c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh\u201d1. Ghi nh\u1edb l\u1eddi Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh c\u0103n d\u1eb7n: \u201cH\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd c\u00f9ng. H\u1ecdc m\u00e3i \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 m\u00e3i. C\u00e0ng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9, c\u00e0ng th\u1ea5y c\u00e0ng ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc th\u00eam\u201d2. 2. H\u1ecdc v\u1edbi quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m cao Ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u01b0a c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u: \u201cKh\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc th\u00e0nh t\u00e0i\u201d, \u201cC\u00f3 c\u00f4ng m\u00e0i s\u1eaft c\u00f3 ng\u00e0y n\u00ean kim\u201d. Kh\u1ed5ng T\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft: \u201cH\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft m\u1ecfi, d\u1eady kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft ch\u00e1n\u201d. V.I. L\u00eanin k\u00eau g\u1ecdi: \u201cH\u1ecdc, h\u1ecdc n\u1eefa, h\u1ecdc m\u00e3i\u201d. Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh n\u00eau: \u201cH\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd c\u00f9ng. H\u1ecdc m\u00e3i \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 m\u00e3i. C\u00e0ng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9, c\u00e0ng th\u1ea5y c\u00e0ng ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc th\u00eam\u201d3. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng, ph\u1ea3i tranh th\u1ee7 th\u1eddi gian, ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m cao trong h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp. Cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh l\u00e0 t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u00e1ng v\u1ec1 su\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eddi h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp, ph\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ea5u, r\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n. Tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee9u n\u01b0\u1edbc, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i tranh th\u1ee7 m\u1ecdi n\u01a1i, m\u1ecdi l\u00fac \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch b\u1ec1n b\u1ec9 trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ea7y d\u1ea1y, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1edbp, thi\u1ebfu th\u1ed1n c\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian. Khi l\u00e0m ph\u1ee5 b\u1ebfp tr\u00ean t\u00e0u Ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a H\u00e3ng V\u1eadn t\u1ea3i h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea5y t\u00ean l\u00e0 V\u0103n Ba. \u00d4ng Mai, nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean c\u0169 tr\u00ean chi\u1ebfc t\u00e0u n\u00e0y k\u1ec3: \u201cM\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y ____________ 1. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, S\u0111d, t.11, tr.399. 2, 3. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, S\u0111d, t.6, tr.61. 179","anh ta ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m: t\u1eeb b\u1ed1n gi\u1edd s\u00e1ng, qu\u00e9t d\u1ecdn s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd nh\u00e0 b\u1ebfp l\u1edbn tr\u00ean t\u00e0u, r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ed1t l\u1eeda trong c\u00e1c l\u00f2. Sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111i khu\u00e2n than, r\u1ed3i xu\u1ed1ng h\u1ea7m l\u1ea5y rau, th\u1ecbt, c\u00e1, n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e1, v.v.. C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c kh\u00e1 n\u1eb7ng nh\u1ecdc v\u00ec d\u01b0\u1edbi b\u1ebfp r\u1ea5t n\u00f3ng v\u00e0 trong h\u1ea7m r\u1ea5t r\u00e9t. Nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 khi v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i v\u00e1c m\u1ed9t bao n\u1eb7ng v\u1eeba leo l\u00ean nh\u1eefng b\u1eadc thang trong khi t\u00e0u tr\u00f2ng tr\u00e0nh. Xong c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u1ea5y, ph\u1ea3i d\u1ecdn cho b\u1ecdn ch\u1ee7 b\u1ebfp Ph\u00e1p \u0103n. Sau \u0111\u00f3, nh\u1eb7t rau, r\u1eeda ch\u1ea3o n\u1ed3i v\u00e0 \u0111un l\u1ea1i l\u00f2. C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c k\u00e9o d\u00e0i su\u1ed1t ng\u00e0y. Nh\u00e0 b\u1ebfp lo \u0103n cho b\u1ea3y, t\u00e1m tr\u0103m ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea3 nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh kh\u00e1ch. C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1i ch\u1ea3o b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u1edbn v\u00e0 n\u1eb7ng qu\u00e1, \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i anh Ba ph\u1ea3i k\u00e9o l\u00ea tr\u00ean s\u00e0n. V\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i n\u1ed3i cao qu\u00e1, anh ph\u1ea3i leo l\u00ean gh\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00f9i n\u1ed3i. Lu\u00f4n nghe ti\u1ebfng: Ba \u0111em n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y! Ba d\u1ecdn ch\u1ea3o \u0111i! Ba th\u00eam than ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0y, th\u00eam than ch\u1ed7 kia! Su\u1ed1t ng\u00e0y, anh Ba \u0111\u1eabm n\u01b0\u1edbc, h\u01a1i v\u00e0 m\u1ed3 h\u00f4i, m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea7y b\u1ee5i than. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u1ea5y anh Ba ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng h\u1ebft tinh th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho xong c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c... M\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y, ch\u00edn gi\u1edd t\u1ed1i, c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c m\u1edbi xong. Anh Ba m\u1ec7t l\u1eed. Nh\u01b0ng khi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ngh\u1ec9 ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00e0i, anh Ba \u0111\u1ecdc hay vi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn m\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ed9t gi\u1edd ho\u1eb7c n\u1eeda \u0111\u00eam\u201d1. H\u1ed3i \u1edf Ph\u00e1p, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi thu\u00ea ph\u00f2ng tr\u1ecd trong m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1ch s\u1ea1n r\u1ebb ti\u1ec1n. M\u1ed7i bu\u1ed5i s\u00e1ng n\u1ea5u c\u01a1m trong m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i n\u1ed3i nh\u1ecf tr\u00ean ng\u1ecdn \u0111\u00e8n d\u1ea7u. M\u00f3n \u0103n ch\u1ec9 v\u1edbi ____________ 1. Tr\u1ea7n D\u00e2n Ti\u00ean: Nh\u1eefng m\u1ea9u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eddi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a H\u1ed3 Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch, S\u0111d, tr.16-17. 180","m\u1ed9t con c\u00e1 m\u1eafm ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t \u00edt th\u1ecbt, \u0103n m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda d\u00e0nh cho b\u1eefa chi\u1ec1u, c\u00f3 khi ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t mi\u1ebfng b\u00e1nh m\u00ec v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t \u00edt phom\u00e1t l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7 \u0103n c\u1ea3 ng\u00e0y. M\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng l\u1ea1nh gi\u00e1, bu\u1ed5i s\u00e1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111i l\u00e0m, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t vi\u00ean g\u1ea1ch v\u00e0o b\u1ebfp l\u00f2, chi\u1ec1u v\u1ec1 l\u1ea5y ra b\u1ecdc v\u00e0o t\u1edd b\u00e1o \u0111\u1ec3 xu\u1ed1ng gi\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1eb1m cho \u0111\u1ee1 r\u00e9t. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c bu\u1ed5i s\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ebfm ti\u1ec1n c\u00f2n bu\u1ed5i chi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ebfn th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ecdc s\u00e1ch ho\u1eb7c nghe nh\u1eefng bu\u1ed5i n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 trau d\u1ed3i ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c, t\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ebfn, \u0111i d\u1ef1 nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c m\u00edt tinh, l\u00e0m quen v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, v\u0103n h\u00f3a, ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng cao tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft. Ngo\u00e0i nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c \u0111i xem \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch ch\u01a1i b\u1eddi g\u00ec kh\u00e1c. \u1ede c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t, ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n n\u00e0y k\u1ec3: \u201cAnh Ba d\u00f9ng th\u00ec gi\u1edd ch\u0103m b\u00f3n hoa v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m v\u01b0\u1eddn ho\u1eb7c gi\u1edf nh\u1eefng t\u1edd b\u00e1o c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh trong t\u1ee7 ra xem\u201d. \u201cSau nh\u1eefng gi\u1edd l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, anh Ba vi\u1ebft v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecdc s\u00e1ch. Ch\u00ednh anh \u0111\u00e3 khuy\u00ean t\u00f4i h\u1ecdc ch\u1eef qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef. Anh Ba c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u1ed1i thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u1ea5t gi\u1ecfi. Nh\u1edd nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean b\u1ea3o v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 c\u1ee7a anh Ba, t\u00f4i tr\u1edf n\u00ean m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1\u201d1. H\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01b0\u1edbc Anh, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng n\u00f3i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n: \u201cTrong nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y ngh\u1ec9, kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean ti\u00eau ph\u00ed ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1c, m\u1ea5t th\u00ec gi\u1edd \u1edf b\u00e3i b\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 \u0111i t\u1eafm, m\u00e0 n\u00ean \u0111i du l\u1ecbch, h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u\u201d2. ____________ 1, 2. Tr\u1ea7n D\u00e2n Ti\u00ean: Nh\u1eefng m\u1ea9u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eddi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a H\u1ed3 Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch, S\u0111d, tr.24, 41. 181","Cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1ea5t v\u1ea3 \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 r\u00e8n cho Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00fd ch\u00ed v\u01b0\u1ee3t kh\u00f3, quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m t\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ki\u00ean tr\u00ec v\u00e0 b\u1ec1n b\u1ec9. H\u1ed3i \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t B\u1eafc c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 sau n\u00e0y v\u1ec1 Th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, tuy tu\u1ed5i \u0111\u00e3 cao, nh\u01b0ng Ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eabn t\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft m\u1ecfi. N\u0103m 1969, tuy n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean gi\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ec7nh, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eabn l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c. H\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y, v\u1eabn nghe c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed trong B\u1ed9 Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ebfn b\u00e1o c\u00e1o v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh, c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u1edf c\u1ea3 hai mi\u1ec1n Nam, B\u1eafc, v\u1eabn \u0111\u1ecdc s\u00e1ch, b\u00e1o, b\u1ea3n tin. Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua m\u1ecdi kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp. \u201cVi\u1ec7c d\u1ec5 m\u1ea5y nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng quy\u1ebft ch\u00ed b\u1ec1n gan th\u00ec c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u201d1, \u201cv\u00ec ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc, m\u00e0 h\u1ecdc th\u00ec r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, tinh vi\u201d2, n\u00ean Ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u00eau g\u1ecdi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i tranh th\u1ee7 th\u1eddi gian, ph\u1ea3i v\u01b0\u1ee3t kh\u00f3, ph\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp n\u00e2ng cao tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c, \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5ng s\u1ef1 T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c, ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n. Theo Ng\u01b0\u1eddi: \u201cSi\u00eang h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp th\u00ec mau bi\u1ebft. Si\u00eang ngh\u0129 ng\u1ee3i th\u00ec hay c\u00f3 s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn\u201d3, \u201ck\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n, bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ph\u1ea3i hai ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0 quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m ph\u1ea3i ba ph\u1ea7n\u201d4. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1eabn ch\u1ee9ng: Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 b\u00ed m\u1eadt, \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n: thi\u1ebfu th\u1ea7y, thi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ch, thi\u1ebfu t\u1ef1 do, nh\u01b0ng m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eabn quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m v\u00ec c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng m\u00e0 h\u1ecdc, ____________ 1. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, S\u0111d, t.5, tr.125. 2, 4. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, S\u0111d, t.13, tr.273, 25. 3. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, S\u0111d, t.6, tr.118. 182","d\u00f9 ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n th\u1ebf n\u00e0o c\u0169ng t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ee7 m\u1ecdi c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc. B\u00e2y gi\u1edd \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i nhi\u1ec1u, cho n\u00ean m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00e0ng ph\u1ea3i ra s\u1ee9c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp cho t\u1ed1t. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong \u201ch\u1ecdc v\u0103n h\u00f3a, h\u1ecdc ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, h\u1ecdc ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p... C\u00f3 quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m th\u00ec nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u201d1. B\u1edfi h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c su\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eddi. Kh\u00f4ng ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 cho m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ee7 r\u1ed3i, bi\u1ebft h\u1ebft r\u1ed3i. Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ng\u00e0y ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi, nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ta ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9, cho n\u00ean m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 k\u1ecbp nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n. N\u0103m 1961, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00eau: \u201cC\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u, c\u00e0ng m\u1edbi. M\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t, \u0110\u1ea3ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o, d\u00ecu d\u1eaft \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed tr\u1ebb. M\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t, \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean gi\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng m\u00e0 h\u1ecdc. T\u00f4i n\u0103m nay 71 tu\u1ed5i, ng\u00e0y n\u00e0o c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc. Vi\u1ec7c l\u1edbn, vi\u1ec7c nh\u1ecf, t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i tham gia. C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee9 ti\u1ebfn m\u00e3i. Kh\u00f4ng h\u1ecdc th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng theo k\u1ecbp, c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c n\u00f3 s\u1ebd g\u1ea1t m\u00ecnh l\u1ea1i ph\u00eda sau\u201d2. N\u0103m 1966, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea1i n\u00f3i: \u201cB\u00e1c th\u01b0\u1eddng nghe n\u00f3i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed m\u1edbi 40 tu\u1ed5i m\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 cho m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 gi\u00e0 cho n\u00ean \u00edt ch\u1ecbu h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp. Ngh\u0129 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang, 40 tu\u1ed5i ch\u01b0a ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 gi\u00e0. B\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 76 tu\u1ed5i nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng h\u1ecdc th\u00eam. Ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng su\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eddi. C\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng th\u00ec ____________ 1. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, S\u0111d, t.14, tr.263. 2. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, S\u0111d, t.13, tr.273. 183","c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc, c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng\u201d1. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi: Ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 l\u00f2ng ham ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9, ham h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi, h\u1ecdc lu\u00f4n, h\u1ecdc m\u00e3i. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f2n d\u1eb7n m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, trong h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u00eau ng\u1ea1o, t\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5, t\u1ef1 m\u00e3n, m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n, ph\u1ea3i g\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1eabu, ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu hy sinh gian kh\u1ed5, \u0111i \u0111\u1ea7u trong m\u1ecdi kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n. Ki\u00eau ng\u1ea1o, t\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5, t\u1ef1 m\u00e3n l\u00e0 k\u1ebb th\u00f9 s\u1ed1 m\u1ed9t c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp. Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean k\u00eau g\u1ecdi m\u1ecdi t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ph\u1ea3i ra s\u1ee9c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i: \u201cH\u1ecdc h\u00e0nh l\u00e0 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng. H\u1ecdc c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u bi\u1ebft c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t, v\u1eady t\u00f4i khuy\u00ean \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o... g\u1eafng h\u1ecdc th\u00eam\u201d2, \u201cph\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp, quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o; gi\u00fap nhau h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp, gi\u00fap nhau c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o... c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp, \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 m\u00e3i, \u0111\u1ec3 to\u00e0n t\u00e2m to\u00e0n l\u1ef1c ph\u1ee5ng s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn, ph\u1ee5ng s\u1ef1 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m tr\u00f2n nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5\u201d3. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 l\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean v\u00e0 khuy\u00ean b\u1ea3o vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi thi\u1ebfu ni\u00ean, nhi \u0111\u1ed3ng, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ea1y: \u201cY\u00eau T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c, y\u00eau \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o. H\u1ecdc t\u1eadp t\u1ed1t, lao \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1t. \u0110o\u00e0n k\u1ebft t\u1ed1t, k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt t\u1ed1t. Gi\u1eef g\u00ecn v\u1ec7 sinh. Th\u1eadt th\u00e0, d\u0169ng c\u1ea3m\u201d4. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ____________ 1. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, S\u0111d, t.15, tr.113. 2. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, S\u0111d, t.5, tr.349. 3. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, S\u0111d, t.8, tr.157. 4. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, S\u0111d, t.13, tr.131-132. 184","ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u00ean: \u201cCh\u1ecb em ph\u1ea3i c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp. H\u1ecdc v\u0103n h\u00f3a, h\u1ecdc ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, h\u1ecdc ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng h\u1ecdc th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9. C\u00f3 quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m th\u00ec nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u201d1. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi thanh ni\u00ean, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u00ean: \u201cPh\u1ea3i c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng n\u00e2ng cao tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c, ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n\u201d2. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi cao tu\u1ed5i, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean: C\u00e0ng gi\u00e0 c\u00e0ng ph\u1ea3i tham gia m\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng: ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp v\u0103n h\u00f3a, kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u00ean: \u201cPh\u1ea3i c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp, coi vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp l\u00fd lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh\u201d3. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf: \u201cPh\u1ea3i c\u00f3 l\u00f2ng ham ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9, ham h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi, h\u1ecdc lu\u00f4n, h\u1ecdc m\u00e3i\u201d4, v.v.. Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh n\u00f3i v\u1edbi l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc nghi\u1ec7p v\u1ee5 n\u1ea5u \u0103n to\u00e0n mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc n\u0103m 1961: \u201cC\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i: L\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c b\u1ebfp n\u00fac v\u1ea5t v\u1ea3, kh\u00f4ng h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, kh\u00f4ng v\u1ebb vang. N\u00f3i v\u1eady kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang. Ng\u00e0y tr\u01b0\u1edbc, B\u00e1c c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m ph\u1ee5 b\u1ebfp. L\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 B\u00e1c l\u00e0 vong qu\u1ed1c n\u00f4, l\u00e0m ph\u1ee5 b\u1ebfp cho th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p. C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c v\u1ea5t v\u1ea3 t\u1eeb 5 gi\u1edd s\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ebfn 9, 10 gi\u1edd t\u1ed1i. Nh\u01b0ng B\u00e1c v\u1eabn h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 ____________ 1. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, S\u0111d, t.14, tr.263. 2. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, S\u0111d, t.12, tr.530. 3. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, S\u0111d, t.15, tr.117. 4. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, S\u0111d, t.5, tr.464. 185","ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb. C\u00f3 quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m th\u00ec nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ng\u00e0y nay, c\u00e1c c\u00f4, c\u00e1c ch\u00fa c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u. B\u00e1c mong c\u00e1c c\u00f4, c\u00e1c ch\u00fa c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9\u201d1. Ghi nh\u1edb l\u1eddi Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh c\u0103n d\u1eb7n: \u201cKh\u00f4ng s\u1ee3 kh\u00f3, c\u00f3 quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m. Kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng h\u1ecdc, m\u00e0 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng h\u1ecdc th\u00ec nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u201d2. ____________ 1. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, S\u0111d, t.13, tr.152-153. 2. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, S\u0111d, t.12, tr.171. 186","T\u00c0I LI\u1ec6U THAM KH\u1ea2O 1. B\u00e1c H\u1ed3, Nxb. V\u0103n h\u1ecdc, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 1975. 2. B\u00e1c H\u1ed3 - Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 phong c\u00e1ch, Nxb. Lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 1999. 3. Ban Tuy\u00ean gi\u00e1o T\u1ec9nh \u1ee7y Ngh\u1ec7 An: B\u00e1c H\u1ed3 th\u1eddi ni\u00ean thi\u1ebfu, Nxb. Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c gia, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 2000. 4. Ban T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng - V\u0103n h\u00f3a Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng: M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y v\u00e0 m\u1ea9u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh, Nxb. Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c gia, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 2007. 5. Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 B\u00e1c H\u1ed3, Nxb. Lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 1999. 6. Chuy\u1ec7n k\u1ec3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00fap vi\u1ec7c B\u00e1c H\u1ed3, Nxb. Th\u00f4ng t\u1ea5n, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 2008. 7. Ph\u1ea1m V\u0103n \u0110\u1ed3ng: H\u1ecdc Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh - Ch\u00fang ta h\u1ecdc g\u00ec?, Nxb. Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c gia, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 2009. 8. Ph\u1ea1m V\u0103n \u0110\u1ed3ng: H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh - Tinh hoa v\u00e0 kh\u00ed ph\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, Nxb. Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c gia, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 2009. 187","9. GS. Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n Gi\u00e0u: S\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh, Nxb. Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c gia, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 1997. 10. GS. Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n Gi\u00e0u: V\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, Nxb. Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c gia, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 2009. 11. K\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 B\u00e1c H\u1ed3, Nxb. Ngh\u1ec7 An, 2000. 12. Ng\u00f4 Qu\u00e2n L\u1eadp (S\u01b0u t\u1ea7m, tuy\u1ec3n ch\u1ecdn): K\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec7n B\u00e1c H\u1ed3 \u1edf Tuy\u00ean Quang, Nxb. Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c gia, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 2007. 13. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, Nxb. Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c gia, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 2011. 14. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh - Bi\u00ean ni\u00ean ti\u1ec3u s\u1eed, Nxb. Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c gia, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 2009. 15. \u1ede b\u00ean B\u00e1c H\u1ed3, Nxb. Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c gia, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 2012. 16. Tr\u1ea7n D\u00e2n Ti\u00ean: Nh\u1eefng m\u1ea9u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eddi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a H\u1ed3 Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch, Nxb. S\u1ef1 th\u1eadt, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 1984. 188","M\u1ee4C L\u1ee4C L\u1eddi Nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n Trang 5 Ph\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t H\u1eccC T\u1ea4M G\u01af\u01a0NG L\u00c0M VI\u1ec6C SU\u1ed0T \u0110\u1edcI 7 7 C\u1ee6A CH\u1ee6 T\u1ecaCH H\u1ed2 CH\u00cd MINH 17 29 I- L\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01b0\u1edbng, m\u1ee5c 38 \u0111\u00edch, ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh, k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch 55 II- L\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch khoa h\u1ecdc, ph\u1ea3i 75 si\u00eang n\u0103ng, c\u1ea7n c\u00f9 89 III- L\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m cao, n\u00f3i \u0111i \u0111\u00f4i v\u1edbi l\u00e0m IV- L\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ea3i ng\u0103n n\u1eafp, s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd, bi\u1ebft qu\u00fd tr\u1ecdng th\u00ec gi\u1edd v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c lao \u0111\u1ed9ng V- L\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ea3i gi\u1eef nghi\u00eam k\u1ef7 c\u01b0\u01a1ng, k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt, bi\u1ebft ph\u00e1t huy s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn, th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean r\u00fat kinh nghi\u1ec7m VI- L\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m, ch\u1ed1ng tham \u00f4, l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed, quan li\u00eau Ph\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai H\u1eccC T\u1ea4M G\u01af\u01a0NG H\u1eccC T\u1eacP SU\u1ed0T \u0110\u1edcI C\u1ee6A CH\u1ee6 T\u1ecaCH H\u1ed2 CH\u00cd MINH 189","I- H\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1edf mang tri th\u1ee9c, hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft, \u0111\u1ec3 89 ph\u1ee5ng s\u1ef1 T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c, ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n 102 II- H\u1ecdc t\u1eeb gia \u0111\u00ecnh, \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1edbp, t\u1eeb b\u1ea1n b\u00e8, t\u1eeb nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n 124 135 III- H\u1ecdc l\u00fd lu\u1eadn ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, h\u1ecdc trong th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n, h\u1ecdc \u0111i \u0111\u00f4i v\u1edbi h\u00e0nh 155 175 IV- H\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecdc, c\u00e1ch n\u00f3i, c\u00e1ch vi\u1ebft 187 V- H\u1ecdc khoa h\u1ecdc - k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n nghi\u1ec7p v\u1ee5, ngo\u1ea1i ng\u1eef, r\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe, qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 VI- T\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh, h\u1ecdc v\u1edbi quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m cao T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o 190","Ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n Q. GI\u00c1M \u0110\u1ed0C - T\u1ed4NG BI\u00caN T\u1eacP PH\u1ea0M CH\u00cd TH\u00c0NH Ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m n\u1ed9i dung PH\u00d3 GI\u00c1M \u0110\u1ed0C - PH\u00d3 T\u1ed4NG BI\u00caN T\u1eacP PGS.TS. V\u0168 TR\u1eccNG L\u00c2M Bi\u00ean t\u1eadp n\u1ed9i dung: ThS. CHU V\u0102N KH\u00c1NH ThS. V\u0168 TH\u1eca H\u01af\u01a0NG Tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y b\u00eca: PH\u1ea0M DUY TH\u00c1I Ch\u1ebf b\u1ea3n vi t\u00ednh: NGUY\u1ec4N QU\u1ef2NH LAN S\u1eeda b\u1ea3n in: NGUY\u1ec4N TH\u1eca H\u1ed2NG QU\u00dd \u0110\u1ecdc s\u00e1ch m\u1eabu: ThS. V\u0168 TH\u1eca H\u01af\u01a0NG 191","",""]
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