HOC TAM GUONG LAM VIEC SUOT DOI CUA CT HCM (Vu Huong)

["trong m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y m\u1ed9t bu\u1ed5i, c\u0169ng k\u00e9o d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ea5y ng\u00e0y\u201d1. H\u1eb9n khai h\u1ed9i 8 gi\u1edd th\u00ec 9 gi\u1edd m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ebfn, l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t th\u1eddi gi\u1edd c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng, gi\u1eef \u0111\u00fang th\u1eddi gi\u1edd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00ednh t\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea5y d\u1eabn ch\u1ee9ng: \u201cCh\u00fa giao th\u00f4ng ch\u1ea1y th\u01b0, \u0111\u00e1ng l\u1ebd m\u1ed9t gi\u1edd, l\u00e0m tr\u00f2n nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5; nh\u01b0ng ngh\u00eanh ngang m\u1ea5t m\u1ea5y gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i r\u1ed3i l\u1ea1i m\u1ea5t m\u1ea5y gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 m\u1edbi tr\u1edf v\u1ec1. \u0110\u00e1ng l\u1ebd m\u1ea5t hai gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 th\u00e0nh m\u1ea5t m\u1ea5y gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3, c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft ch\u1eadm th\u00e0nh th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fa giao th\u00f4ng r\u1ea5t quan h\u1ec7, c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fa \u0111\u00e1nh m\u00e1y c\u0169ng v\u1eady\u201d2. Nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh th\u00f3i h\u1ed9i h\u1ecdp li\u00ean mi\u00ean, l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t th\u00ec gi\u1edd v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi: \u201cTh\u00ed d\u1ee5: Nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c khai h\u1ed9i, v\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn d\u1ef1 h\u1ed9i th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb \u00fd ki\u1ebfn, \u0111\u00e1ng l\u1ebd ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y th\u00ec b\u00e0n b\u1ea1c v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft xong v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, song cu\u1ed9c khai h\u1ed9i k\u00e9o d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn 5, 3 ng\u00e0y\u201d3. R\u1eb1ng: \u201cKhu n\u1ecd, trong m\u1ed9t m\u00f9a \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn 450 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i. \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb t\u1ea7m th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e2u nh\u00e9! K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 ch\u1ec9 lo \u0111i khai h\u1ed9i m\u00e0 h\u1ebft c\u1ea3 th\u1eddi gi\u1edd, \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i m\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c b\u1ecb ch\u1eadm tr\u1ec5\u201d4, v.v.. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u00ean: \u201cCh\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m ____________ 1, 3. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, S\u0111d, t.7, tr.356. 2. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, S\u0111d, t.8, tr.219. 4. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, S\u0111d, t.6, tr.307-308. 50","th\u1eddi gi\u1edd. Vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m 2 ng\u00e0y, nay v\u00ec t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp cho kh\u00e9o, n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t cao, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m xong trong 1 ng\u00e0y\u201d1. C\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i qu\u00fd tr\u1ecdng th\u1eddi gi\u1edd v\u00e0 b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed, s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp th\u1eddi gi\u1edd h\u1ecdp v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gi\u1edd h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp cho h\u1ee3p l\u00fd. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n sau \u0111\u00e2y cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh r\u1ea5t qu\u00fd tr\u1ecdng th\u1eddi gi\u1edd. Trong kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed c\u1ea5p t\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi Ng\u01b0\u1eddi sai h\u1eb9n m\u1ea5t 15 ph\u00fat, t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u00fd do: m\u01b0a to, su\u1ed1i l\u0169, ng\u1ef1a kh\u00f4ng qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3o: Ch\u00fa l\u00e0m t\u01b0\u1edbng m\u00e0 ch\u1eadm m\u1ea5t 15 ph\u00fat th\u00ec b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fa hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ed3ng sai \u0111i bao nhi\u00eau? H\u00f4m nay ch\u00fa \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee7 quan, kh\u00f4ng chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n, n\u00ean ch\u00fa \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng. M\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ee3i m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp. Khi c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecfi: Ch\u00fa \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1eadm m\u1ea5y ph\u00fat? \u0110\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi: Th\u01b0a B\u00e1c, ch\u1eadm m\u1ea5t 10 ph\u00fat \u1ea1! Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i: Ch\u00fa t\u00ednh th\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang, 10 ph\u00fat c\u1ee7a ch\u00fa ph\u1ea3i nh\u00e2n v\u1edbi 500 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee3i \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y. M\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c, v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t n\u0103m, t\u1ea1i Th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i nh\u00e2n d\u1ecbp T\u1ebft c\u1ed5 truy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 t\u1eadp trung \u1edf \u1ee6y ban h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00ean ch\u00fac T\u1ebft B\u00e1c H\u1ed3. S\u1eafp \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1edd l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, tr\u1eddi b\u1ed7ng \u0111\u1ed5 m\u01b0a nh\u01b0 tr\u00fat. ____________ 1. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, S\u0111d, t.7, tr.352. 51","Gi\u1eefa l\u00fac m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f2n \u0111ang l\u00fang t\u00fang thu x\u1ebfp ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n cho \u0111o\u00e0n \u0111i k\u1ebbo \u0111\u1ec3 B\u00e1c kh\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i ch\u1edd l\u00e2u. B\u1ed7ng x\u1ecbch, m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc xe \u0111\u1eadu tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1eeda. B\u00e1c t\u1eeb tr\u00ean xe b\u01b0\u1edbc xu\u1ed1ng, c\u1ea7m \u00f4 \u0111i v\u00e0o, l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t b\u1eaft tay, ch\u00fac T\u1ebft m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong n\u1ed7i vui m\u1eebng b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd, r\u01b0ng r\u01b0ng, c\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u. Th\u00ec ra, tr\u1eddi m\u01b0a to, th\u00f4ng c\u1ea3m v\u1edbi kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n c\u1ee7a ban t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u v\u00ec m\u00ecnh m\u00e0 v\u1ea5t v\u1ea3 v\u00e0 m\u1ea5t th\u1eddi gian ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i, B\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng, t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00fac T\u1ebft c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Ghi nh\u1edb l\u1eddi Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh c\u0103n d\u1eb7n: \u201cT\u00f4i khuy\u00ean anh em l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ea3i cho \u0111\u00fang gi\u1edd, v\u00ec th\u1eddi gian qu\u00fd b\u00e1u l\u1eafm\u201d1. V\u1ec1 qu\u00fd tr\u1ecdng s\u1ee9c lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh cho r\u1eb1ng, ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft qu\u00fd tr\u1ecdng s\u1ee9c lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, v\u00ec s\u1ee9c lao \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 v\u1ed1n qu\u00fd nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c lao \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1edbi t\u1ea1o ra c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i l\u00e0m ra l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a s\u1ee9c lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, n\u00ean ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 qu\u00fd tr\u1ecdng s\u1ee9c lao \u0111\u1ed9ng. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u: \u201cVi\u1ec7c g\u00ec tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng 10 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, nay ta ph\u1ea3i t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp cho kh\u00e9o, ph\u1ea3i n\u00e2ng cao n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, nh\u1edd v\u1eady m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 d\u00f9ng 5 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u201d2. Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh khuy\u00ean m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi khi ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ea3i t\u00ednh to\u00e1n, c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc ____________ 1. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, S\u0111d, t.4, tr.115. 2. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, S\u0111d, t.7, tr.352-353. 52","c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hoang ph\u00ed, xa x\u1ec9. V\u00ec kh\u00f4ng hoang ph\u00ed, xa x\u1ec9, th\u00ec m\u1edbi gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u00eam khi\u1ebft, trong s\u1ea1ch, n\u1ebfu hoang ph\u00ed, xa x\u1ec9 th\u00ec \u1eaft ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch xoay ti\u1ec1n, do \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 sinh ra h\u1ee7 b\u1ea1i, nh\u0169ng l\u1ea1m, gi\u1ea3 d\u1ed1i, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed l\u00e0m ch\u1ee3 \u0111en ch\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ecf, th\u1ee5t k\u00e9t, bu\u00f4n l\u1eadu, v.v.. Trong khi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m m\u1ecdi m\u1eb7t cho c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn qu\u1ed1c, th\u00ec v\u1eabn c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi hoang ph\u00ed, xa x\u1ec9, n\u00ean Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o r\u1eb1ng: \u201cL\u00fac n\u00e0y, \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ed5 m\u1ed3 h\u00f4i n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft, lo t\u0103ng gia s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7, gi\u00fap chi\u1ebfn s\u0129, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ec3 nu\u00f4i m\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi. L\u1ea1i c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o t\u1ea3n c\u01b0, thi\u1ebfu th\u1ed1n m\u1ecdi m\u1eb7t. V\u00ec v\u1eady, m\u1ed9t h\u1ed9t g\u1ea1o, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed3ng ti\u1ec1n, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 m\u1ed3 h\u00f4i n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o. V\u00ec v\u1eady, ta ph\u1ea3i ra s\u1ee9c ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m. Hoang ph\u00ed l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ed9i \u00e1c... Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f2n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1, v\u1eabn \u00e1o qu\u1ea7n b\u1ea3nh bao, \u0103n u\u1ed1ng xa x\u1ec9. Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u1edd b\u1ea1c, r\u01b0\u1ee3u ch\u00e8. H\u1ecd c\u00f2n \u201cc\u00e1c quan\u201d l\u1eafm. H\u1ecd m\u01b0\u1ee3n ti\u1ebfng r\u1eb1ng: Ph\u1ea3i \u0103n m\u1eb7c b\u1ea3nh m\u1edbi gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c oai t\u00edn, gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 di\u1ec7n. N\u00f3i th\u1ebf h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c sai. Mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 oai t\u00edn th\u1ec3 di\u1ec7n, th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c cho gi\u1ecfi\u201d1. C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n sau \u0111\u00e2y cho th\u1ea5y Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh c\u00f3 s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m s\u1ee9c lao \u0111\u1ed9ng. \u201cL\u00fac \u1ea5y \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m 1954, chi\u1ebfn tranh \u0111ang \u1edf th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m quy\u1ebft ____________ 1. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, S\u0111d, t.5, tr.240-241. 53","li\u1ec7t nh\u1ea5t, m\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ef1c n\u00f3ng l\u00e0 \u0110i\u1ec7n Bi\u00ean Ph\u1ee7. M\u1ed9t \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb c\u00f4ng binh c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e0o h\u1ea7m n\u01a1i B\u00e1c l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c. Ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a B\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n s\u01a1, nh\u01b0ng c\u0103n h\u1ea7m th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m an to\u00e0n cho B\u00e1c. Anh em h\u00ec h\u1ee5c l\u00e0m. B\u00e1c \u0111\u1ebfn, B\u00e1c m\u1eb7c b\u1ed9 qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o n\u00e2u, \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed9i chi\u1ebfc m\u0169 m\u00e0u n\u00e2u nh\u1ea1t. B\u00e1c h\u1ecfi: M\u1ea5y ng\u00e0y nay, c\u00e1c ch\u00fa l\u00e0m c\u00f3 m\u1ec7t kh\u00f4ng? Th\u01b0a B\u00e1c, c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c quen n\u00ean anh em kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y m\u1ec7t \u1ea1! B\u00e1c \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n hai \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed \u0111ang \u0111\u1ee5c \u0111\u00e1. C\u00e1c ch\u00fa c\u1ea7m cho\u00f2ng c\u00f3 r\u00e1t tay kh\u00f4ng? Th\u01b0a B\u00e1c, ch\u00fang ch\u00e1u l\u00e0m \u0111\u00e3 quen n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y r\u00e1t n\u1eefa \u1ea1! V\u1eeba l\u00fac \u1ea5y, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed \u0111\u00f3ng ch\u1ec7ch, b\u00faa va v\u00e0o tay \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed kia. C\u1ea3 hai c\u00f9ng quay nh\u00ecn B\u00e1c. B\u00e1c \u0111i t\u00ecm m\u1ed9t thanh tre, r\u1ed3i B\u00e1c g\u1eadp \u0111\u00f4i thanh tre \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1eb9p l\u1ea5y c\u00e1i cho\u00f2ng. Nhi\u1ec1u anh em ch\u1ea1y l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9ng quanh B\u00e1c h\u1ed3i h\u1ed9p, ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i. B\u00e1c ng\u1ed3i x\u1ed5m, m\u1ed9t ch\u00e2n tr\u01b0\u1edbc, m\u1ed9t ch\u00e2n sau, \u0111\u01b0a cho\u00f2ng v\u00e0o v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111ang \u0111\u1ee5c \u0111\u00e1 v\u00e0 n\u00f3i: Ch\u00fa \u0111\u00f3ng th\u1eed \u0111i! \u0110\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c B\u00e1c b\u1ea3o, gi\u01a1 b\u00faa l\u00ean nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f3ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ea1nh. B\u00e1c b\u1ea3o: Ch\u00fa c\u1ee9 \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0o. Nh\u00e1t b\u00faa \u0111\u00f3ng ch\u1eafc v\u00ec c\u00e2y cho\u00f2ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef v\u1eefng. B\u00e1c n\u00f3i: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7m cho\u00f2ng ph\u1ea3i ng\u1ed3i x\u1ed5m, \u0111\u1ea7u h\u01a1i nghi\u00eang nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0y n\u00e0y. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3ng, th\u00ec gi\u01a1 b\u00faa v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda sau, m\u1eaft nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u cho\u00f2ng, n\u1ec7n m\u1ea1nh\u201d1. ____________ 1. Ng\u00f4 Qu\u00e2n L\u1eadp (S\u01b0u t\u1ea7m, tuy\u1ec3n ch\u1ecdn): K\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec7n B\u00e1c H\u1ed3 \u1edf Tuy\u00ean Quang, S\u0111d, tr.153-154. 54","Ghi nh\u1edb l\u1eddi Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh c\u0103n d\u1eb7n: \u201cN\u1ebfu ta kh\u00e9o ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m s\u1ee9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ti\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gi\u1edd, th\u00ec v\u1edbi s\u1ee9c lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, ti\u1ec1n t\u00e0i c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc ta hi\u1ec7n nay, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u0103ng gia s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t g\u1ea5p b\u1ed9i m\u00e0 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a ta v\u1ec1 m\u1ecdi m\u1eb7t c\u0169ng t\u0103ng g\u1ea5p b\u1ed9i. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00fd lu\u1eadn cao xa\u201d1. V- L\u00c0M VI\u1ec6C PH\u1ea2I GI\u1eee NGHI\u00caM K\u1ef6 C\u01af\u01a0NG, K\u1ef6 LU\u1eacT, BI\u1ebeT PH\u00c1T HUY S\u00c1NG KI\u1ebeN, TH\u01af\u1edcNG XUY\u00caN R\u00daT KINH NGHI\u1ec6M 1. L\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ea3i gi\u1eef nghi\u00eam k\u1ef7 c\u01b0\u01a1ng, k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt Trong s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh r\u1ea5t quan t\u00e2m gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n gi\u1eef g\u00ecn k\u1ef7 c\u01b0\u01a1ng, k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt. B\u1edfi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1p quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n, do d\u00e2n, v\u00ec d\u00e2n l\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh: N\u01b0\u1edbc ta l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7. Bao nhi\u00eau l\u1ee3i \u00edch \u0111\u1ec1u v\u00ec d\u00e2n. Bao nhi\u00eau quy\u1ec1n h\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n. Ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n t\u1eeb x\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 trung \u01b0\u01a1ng do d\u00e2n c\u1eed ra; t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c trong n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a \u0111\u1ec1u thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n. N\u1ed9i dung quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc ____________ 1. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, S\u0111d, t.7, tr.354. 55","khi c\u00f3 ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1edbi hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c ph\u00e1p l\u00fd m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd: \u201cTr\u0103m \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 th\u1ea7n linh ph\u00e1p quy\u1ec1n\u201d1. Nh\u1eefng d\u1eabn ch\u1ee9ng sau \u0111\u00e2y cho th\u1ea5y Ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u1ea5t quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ef7 c\u01b0\u01a1ng, k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt, \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ef1c thi ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt. Ngay khi C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Th\u00e1ng T\u00e1m th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a ra \u0111\u1eddi, tr\u00ean c\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 l\u00e2m th\u1eddi, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00eau: \u201cCh\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 l\u00e0 g\u00ec? L\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0y t\u1edb chung c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n, t\u1eeb Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0ng. D\u00e2n l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 th\u00ec Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0y t\u1edb. L\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c ng\u00e0y nay kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u0103ng quan, ph\u00e1t t\u00e0i. N\u1ebfu Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 l\u00e0m h\u1ea1i d\u00e2n th\u00ec d\u00e2n c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n \u0111u\u1ed5i Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7. Nh\u01b0ng khi d\u00e2n d\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e0y t\u1edb l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c cho m\u00ecnh, th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7. N\u1ebfu Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 sai th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh\u201d2. Cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1945, Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh k\u00fd S\u1eafc l\u1ec7nh T\u1ed5ng tuy\u1ec3n c\u1eed trong c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ea7u ra Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i l\u1eadp hi\u1ebfn, th\u00f4ng qua Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p, kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh quy\u1ec1n l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do, d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f9ng Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i b\u1eaft tay ngay v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ea5n ch\u1ec9nh b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p. Tr\u00ean c\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u c\u01a1 quan l\u1eadp ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam m\u1edbi, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eb3ng th\u1eafn ch\u1ec9 ra \u201cnh\u1eefng l\u1ea7m l\u1ed7i r\u1ea5t n\u1eb7ng\u201d c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, trong ____________ 1. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, S\u0111d, t.1, tr.473. 2. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, S\u0111d, t.5, tr.74-75. 56","\u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh nh\u01b0 tr\u00e1i ph\u00e9p, v\u00f4 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, v\u00f4 k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt, c\u1eady th\u1ebf, t\u01b0 t\u00fai, chia r\u1ebd, ki\u00eau ng\u1ea1o, v.v.. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ecf th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 nghi\u00eam kh\u1eafc: \u201cAi \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea1m nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7i l\u1ea7m tr\u00ean n\u00e0y, th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa; n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa th\u00ec Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng khoan dung\u201d1. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f2n k\u00fd m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t s\u1eafc l\u1ec7nh nh\u01b0: S\u1eafc l\u1ec7nh \u1ea5n \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn h\u1ed1i l\u1ed9 t\u1eeb 2 \u0111\u1ebfn 20 n\u0103m kh\u1ed5 sai v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i n\u1ed9p ph\u1ea1t g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n nh\u1eadn h\u1ed1i l\u1ed9; S\u1eafc l\u1ec7nh kh\u00e9p t\u1ed9i tham \u00f4, tr\u1ed9m c\u1eafp c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng v\u00e0o t\u1ed9i t\u1eed h\u00ecnh... Th\u00e1ng 2-1946, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ban h\u00e0nh Qu\u1ed1c l\u1ec7nh, trong \u0111\u00f3 ghi r\u00f5: \u201cTrong m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u01b0\u1edfng ph\u1ea1t ph\u1ea3i nghi\u00eam minh th\u00ec nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n m\u1edbi y\u00ean \u1ed5n, kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn m\u1edbi th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i, ki\u1ebfn qu\u1ed1c m\u1edbi th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng. V\u1eady Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 ra Qu\u1ed1c l\u1ec7nh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 10 \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 10 \u0111i\u1ec3m ph\u1ea1t, cho qu\u00e2n d\u00e2n bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 nh\u1eefng t\u1ed9i n\u00ean tr\u00e1nh, nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c n\u00ean l\u00e0m\u201d2. N\u0103m 1948, trong Th\u01b0 g\u1eedi cho H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb t\u01b0 ph\u00e1p to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c, Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt r\u1eb1ng: \u201cC\u00e1c b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch thi h\u00e0nh ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt. L\u1ebd t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i n\u00eau cao c\u00e1i g\u01b0\u01a1ng \u201cph\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng, th\u1ee7 ph\u00e1p, ch\u00ed c\u00f4ng v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u201d cho nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n noi theo\u201d3. N\u0103m 1950, trong \u0110i\u1ec7n g\u1eedi \u0111\u1ed3ng ____________ 1, 2. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, S\u0111d, t.4, tr.66, 189. 3. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, S\u0111d, t.5, tr.473. 57","b\u00e0o S\u01a1n H\u00e0, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i r\u00f5: \u201cN\u1ebfu c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec sai l\u1ea7m, n\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec oan \u1ee9c, th\u00ec \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o ph\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y v\u1edbi t\u00f4i v\u00e0 Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7. T\u00f4i \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng t\u00f4i v\u00e0 Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 s\u1ebd tr\u1eebng tr\u1ecb nh\u1eefng c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 c\u00f3 l\u1ed7i, v\u00e0 s\u1ebd l\u00e0m cho \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o kh\u1ecfi oan \u1ee9c\u201d1, v.v.. Nh\u1eefng d\u1eabn ch\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean cho th\u1ea5y, Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec1 cao k\u1ef7 c\u01b0\u01a1ng, k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ebft l\u00f2ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng y\u00eau, khuy\u00ean b\u1ea3o m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7n, ki\u1ec7m, li\u00eam, ch\u00ednh, ch\u00ed c\u00f4ng v\u00f4 t\u01b0, nh\u01b0ng ai tham \u00f4, l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed, quan li\u00eau, l\u00e0m h\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ednh m\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n, c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc, l\u00e0m h\u1ea1i thanh danh v\u00e0 uy t\u00edn c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng, c\u1ee7a Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 v\u1eabn ph\u1ea3i \u0111em ra thi h\u00e0nh k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt, x\u00e9t x\u1eed \u0111\u00fang lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f4ng minh. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ea3i t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 nghi\u00eam k\u1ef7 c\u01b0\u01a1ng, k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00fang tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00ed k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt, m\u1ec7nh l\u1ec7nh, ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ea1ch m\u00e1u trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, m\u1ea1ch m\u00e1u ch\u1ea1y \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u1eafp th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1ecfe m\u1ea1nh. N\u1ebfu: \u201cM\u1ec7nh l\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ebfn khu r\u1ed3i m\u1eafc ngh\u1ebdn kh\u00f4ng xu\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi n\u1eefa, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 khu kh\u00f4ng theo k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt... M\u1ec7nh l\u1ec7nh c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 d\u00f2ng m\u00e1u ch\u1ea3y t\u1eeb tim ra \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea7u, c\u00e1c t\u1ee9 chi. N\u1ebfu ch\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ebfn tay m\u00e0 m\u1eafc ngh\u1ebdn, th\u00ec tay ____________ 1. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, S\u0111d, t.6, tr.466. 58","b\u1ea1i. Tay b\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd y\u1ebfu \u0111i... V\u1eady c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m sao cho nh\u1eefng m\u1ec7nh l\u1ec7nh \u1edf tr\u00ean xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhanh ch\u00f3ng v\u00e0 thi h\u00e0nh chu \u0111\u00e1o\u201d1. V\u1ec1 k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh nh\u1eafc m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u1eb1ng, L\u00eanin r\u1ea5t ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt lao \u0111\u1ed9ng. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt lao \u0111\u1ed9ng nghi\u00eam minh. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt t\u1ef1 nguy\u1ec7n t\u1ef1 gi\u00e1c, m\u1ed9t k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed v\u1edbi nhau, nh\u1eb1m n\u00e2ng cao t\u00ednh ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u, c\u00e1c x\u00ed nghi\u1ec7p, c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan, c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc, c\u00e1c \u0111o\u00e0n th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, n\u00e2ng cao tinh th\u1ea7n tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m, ch\u1ed1ng m\u1ecdi h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00f4 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, v\u00f4 k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt, ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec1 cao k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt trong lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, trong c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c. C\u1ea7n nh\u1eadn r\u00f5 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 vinh quang, l\u00e0 v\u1ebb vang. Mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 th\u00e0nh t\u00edch v\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec1 cao k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt trong lao \u0111\u1ed9ng. \u201cPh\u1ea3i n\u00e2ng cao k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt lao \u0111\u1ed9ng. T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m th\u00ec l\u00e0m, kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m th\u00ec th\u00f4i, ngh\u1ec9 s\u1edbm, kh\u00f4ng \u1ed1m c\u0169ng c\u00e1o \u1ed1m \u0111\u1ec3 ngh\u1ec9, \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt lao \u0111\u1ed9ng. B\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt, \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u1eb7c nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh thua; nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y t\u1ed1t\u201d2. Ri\u00eang \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean, Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi t\u00ednh k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt cao, ph\u1ea3i gi\u1eef ____________ 1. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, S\u0111d, t.5, tr.260-261. 2. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, S\u0111d, t.10, tr.537. 59","nghi\u00eam k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt t\u1eeb tr\u00ean xu\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ed. K\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi t\u00ednh t\u1ef1 gi\u00e1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ea3ng, ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n. B\u1edfi, s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c l\u00e0 nh\u1edd c\u00f3 k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt t\u1ef1 gi\u00e1c, \u1edf tinh th\u1ea7n, \u00fd th\u1ee9c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, ch\u1ea5p h\u00e0nh k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt nghi\u00eam t\u00fac c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean. Do v\u1eady, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea3i gi\u1eef k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt s\u1eaft, k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt t\u1ef1 gi\u00e1c c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i g\u00ecn gi\u1eef k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n, c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 quan, \u0111o\u00e0n th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n. Trong khi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ed1t nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng gi\u1eef \u0111\u00fang k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt. Trong nhi\u1ec1u b\u00e0i n\u00f3i, b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1eabn ch\u1ee9ng r\u1eb1ng, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea1m l\u1ed7i, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng, c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c n\u00e0y, \u0111i n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c l\u1ea1i \u1edf nguy\u00ean c\u1ea5p c\u0169 hay ch\u1ec9 b\u1ecb h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c theo h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn \u1edf c\u1ea5p c\u0169 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c. Ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e1ng ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecb k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt, nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec c\u1ea3m t\u00ecnh n\u1ec3 nang ch\u1ec9 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh, c\u1ea3nh c\u00e1o qua loa cho xong chuy\u1ec7n, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n c\u00f3 n\u01a1i che \u0111\u1eady cho nhau, l\u1eeba d\u1ed1i c\u1ea5p tr\u00ean, gi\u1ea5u gi\u1ebfm \u0110\u1ea3ng, ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n. Theo Ng\u01b0\u1eddi: \u201cThi h\u00e0nh k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0m cho c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft s\u1eeda l\u1ed7i m\u00ecnh m\u00e0 c\u00f2n khinh th\u01b0\u1eddng k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt\u201d1. C\u00f2n kh\u00f4ng \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ____________ 1. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, S\u0111d, t.5, tr.90. 60","trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9c, c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n sa v\u00e0o tham \u00f4, l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed, bu\u00f4n gian, l\u1eadu thu\u1ebf, say s\u01b0a, c\u1edd b\u1ea1c, h\u00fat x\u00e1ch, \u0111\u00e1nh c\u00e3i nhau, ki\u1ec7n c\u00e1o, v.v.. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eafc v\u00e0o t\u1eadt b\u1ec7nh n\u00e0y, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh nghi\u00eam kh\u1eafc. Trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p, d\u01b0\u1edbi b\u00fat danh L\u00ea Quy\u1ebft Th\u1eafng, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t b\u00e0i \u0111\u0103ng tr\u00ean b\u00e1o C\u1ee9u qu\u1ed1c, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 b\u00e0i ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n th\u00f3i v\u00f4 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, v\u00f4 k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt, r\u1eb1ng: \u201cH\u1ecd \u00e2m th\u1ea7m ph\u1edbt qua ph\u00e9p lu\u1eadt, tr\u1ed1n tr\u00e1nh v\u00e0 l\u00e0m tr\u00e1i ph\u00e9p lu\u1eadt... V\u00ec \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean th\u01b0\u1eddng xem ph\u00e9p lu\u1eadt, ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n, v.v., l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c trong nh\u00e0. V\u00ec v\u1eady, m\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u00f4i \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng con l\u1ee3n, (xin l\u1ed7i ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u00f3), h\u1ecd r\u00fac v\u00e0o v\u01b0\u1eddn rau c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, ch\u00e9n m\u1ed9t b\u1eefa no say, ho\u1eb7c h\u1ecd hy sinh l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u00e0, \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00ean m\u1eb7t m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3ng kh\u00e1i. Ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t c\u00e1i th\u00f3i v\u00f4 ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u1ea5y\u201d1. Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh lu\u00f4n coi k\u1ef7 c\u01b0\u01a1ng, k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft v\u00e0 c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 quan tr\u1ecdng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n ph\u1ee5c t\u00f9ng t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, s\u1ed1 \u00edt ph\u1ee5c t\u00f9ng s\u1ed1 nhi\u1ec1u, c\u1ea5p d\u01b0\u1edbi ph\u1ee5c t\u00f9ng c\u1ea5p tr\u00ean, \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ee5c t\u00f9ng trung \u01b0\u01a1ng; ph\u1ea3i gi\u1eef v\u1eefng k\u1ef7 c\u01b0\u01a1ng, k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt, gi\u1eef g\u00ecn t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch v\u00e0 b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n. Theo Ng\u01b0\u1eddi, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ____________ 1. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, S\u0111d, t.7, tr.368. 61","ph\u1ee5c t\u00f9ng m\u1ec7nh l\u1ec7nh, kh\u00f4ng tu\u00e2n theo k\u1ef7 c\u01b0\u01a1ng, k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt, c\u1ee9 l\u00e0m theo \u00fd m\u00ecnh, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, ph\u1ea3i ki\u00ean quy\u1ebft ch\u1ed1ng nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, ph\u1edbt k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt, ph\u1edbt t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, ph\u1ea3i n\u00e2ng cao k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt, gi\u1eef v\u1eefng k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i gi\u1eef nghi\u00eam k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt trong c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u00e0nh t\u00edch, \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khen th\u01b0\u1edfng, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 sai l\u1ea7m, khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m, l\u00e0m tr\u00e1i ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ea1t. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i: \u201cV\u1ec1 k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt, ph\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng ph\u1ea1t cho c\u00f4ng minh. Ch\u1edb v\u00ec \u01b0a ai m\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1edfng, gh\u00e9t ai m\u00e0 ph\u1ea1t, ai h\u1ea9u v\u1edbi m\u00ecnh th\u00ec d\u00f9ng, ai tr\u1ef1c t\u00ednh n\u00f3i ngay th\u00ec b\u1ecf\u201d1. Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh c\u00f2n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm m\u1ecdi c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m, khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00eau tr\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u00e0nh t\u00edch, ph\u1ea3i khen th\u01b0\u1edfng, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eafc sai l\u1ea7m th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh, ki\u1ec3m th\u1ea3o, gi\u00fap h\u1ecd s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa. Khi c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i thi h\u00e0nh k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt nghi\u00eam minh, \u0111\u00fang m\u1ee9c. C\u00f2n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb ngoan c\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1eebng tr\u1ecb, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng, vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u00f3 h\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c, \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n, t\u00ednh m\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng l\u01b0u \u00fd: \u201cS\u1eeda ch\u1eefa sai l\u1ea7m, c\u1ed1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ea7n d\u00f9ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch ____________ 1. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, S\u0111d, t.5, tr.595. 62","thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c, c\u1ea3m h\u00f3a, d\u1ea1y b\u1ea3o. Song kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i tuy\u1ec7t nhi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng x\u1eed ph\u1ea1t. L\u1ea7m l\u1ed7i c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c to, vi\u1ec7c nh\u1ecf. N\u1ebfu nh\u1ea5t lu\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng x\u1eed ph\u1ea1t th\u00ec s\u1ebd m\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt, th\u00ec s\u1ebd m\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho b\u1ecdn c\u1ed1 \u00fd ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i. V\u00ec v\u1eady, ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng x\u1eed ph\u1ea1t l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang. M\u00e0 ch\u00fat g\u00ec c\u0169ng d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ebfn x\u1eed ph\u1ea1t c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang. V\u00ec v\u1eady, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e2n t\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng c\u00e1i c\u1edb sai l\u1ea7m, ph\u1ea3i x\u00e9t k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng vi\u1ec7c n\u1eb7ng hay nh\u1eb9, ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng x\u1eed ph\u1ea1t cho \u0111\u00fang\u201d1. Ngo\u00e0i ra, Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh c\u00f2n nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1eef v\u1eefng tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1, an ninh chung \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi an c\u01b0, l\u1ea1c nghi\u1ec7p. Gi\u1eef g\u00ecn tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1, an ninh tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng an, b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9i, c\u1ea3nh s\u00e1t, nh\u01b0ng m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 gi\u1eef g\u00ecn tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1, an ninh, v\u00ec n\u00f3 c\u00f3 quan h\u1ec7 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ee3i \u00edch chung c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00ed nh\u01b0: \u201cC\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 \u00f4t\u00f4 th\u00ec ni\u00eam y\u1ebft gi\u00e1 v\u00e9 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1edf qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00e1ch. C\u00f4ng an th\u00ec quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn lu\u1eadt \u0111i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, l\u00e0m cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng lu\u1eadt \u0111i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng. C\u00e1n b\u1ed9 \u0111i h\u1ecdp \u0111\u00fang gi\u1edd, \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o n\u1ed9p thu\u1ebf th\u00ec \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o n\u1ed9p th\u00f3c g\u1ea1o s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd, v.v..\u201d2. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng, n\u01b0\u1edbc ta l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7, nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7, th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 l\u00e0m tr\u00f2n b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n gi\u1eef \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n. C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0: \u201cTu\u00e2n theo ____________ 1. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, S\u0111d, t.5, tr.323-324. 2. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, S\u0111d, t.9, tr.229. 63","ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc. Tu\u00e2n theo k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt lao \u0111\u1ed9ng. Gi\u1eef g\u00ecn tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 chung. \u0110\u00f3ng g\u00f3p (n\u1ed9p thu\u1ebf) \u0111\u00fang k\u1ef3, \u0111\u00fang s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ee3i \u00edch chung. H\u0103ng h\u00e1i tham gia c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c chung. B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng. B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c\u201d1, v.v.. Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 hai c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n cho th\u1ea5y Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh r\u1ea5t t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c thi ph\u00e9p n\u01b0\u1edbc. C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t: M\u1ed9t h\u00f4m, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 anh em c\u1ea3nh v\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i ch\u00f9a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. H\u00f4m \u1ea5y l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y l\u1ec5, c\u00e1c v\u1ecb s\u01b0, kh\u00e1ch n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n \u0111i l\u1ec5, tham quan ch\u00f9a r\u1ea5t \u0111\u00f4ng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eeba v\u00e0o ch\u00f9a, v\u1ecb s\u01b0 c\u1ea3 ra \u0111\u00f3n v\u00e0 kh\u1ea9n kho\u1ea3n xin Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eebng c\u1edfi d\u00e9p, nh\u01b0ng Ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd. \u0110\u1ebfn th\u1ec1m ch\u00f9a, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00e9p \u1edf ngo\u00e0i nh\u01b0 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, xong m\u1edbi b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o v\u00e0 gi\u1eef \u0111\u00fang m\u1ecdi nghi th\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ec5. Tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eeb ch\u00f9a v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0, xe \u0111ang bon bon, b\u1ed7ng \u0111\u00e8n \u0111\u1ecf \u1edf m\u1ed9t ng\u00e3 t\u01b0 b\u1eadt l\u00ean. \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed1 \u0111ang l\u00fac \u0111\u00f4ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi. C\u00e1c xe \u0111\u1ec1u d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i c\u1ea3. Nh\u1eefng anh em c\u1ea3nh v\u1ec7 \u0111i c\u00f9ng lo l\u1eafng, n\u1ebfu nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y Ng\u01b0\u1eddi, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd \u00f9a ra th\u00ec sao? Ngh\u0129 v\u1eady, anh em b\u00e0n c\u1eed m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed c\u1ea3nh v\u1ec7 ch\u1ea1y \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ee5c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00f4ng an giao c\u1ea3nh b\u1eadt \u0111\u00e8n xanh m\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho xe \u0111i. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u0103n l\u1ea1i, r\u1ed3i b\u1ea3o m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi: C\u00e1c ch\u00fa kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. Ph\u1ea3i ____________ 1. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, S\u0111d, t.9, tr.258. 64","g\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1eabu t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng lu\u1eadt l\u1ec7 giao th\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean b\u1eaft ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0\u1eddng quy\u1ec1n \u01b0u ti\u00ean cho m\u00ecnh. Nghe v\u1eady, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eeba \u00e2n h\u1eadn, v\u1eeba x\u00fac \u0111\u1ed9ng. C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n th\u1ee9 hai: M\u1ed9t c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng khi l\u00e0m C\u1ee5c tr\u01b0\u1edfng C\u1ee5c Qu\u00e2n nhu \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 b\u1edbt x\u00e9n ph\u1ea7n c\u01a1m \u00e1o v\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e3 thi\u1ebfu th\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9i v\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed. V\u1ee5 \u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1edfi t\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0a ra t\u00f2a \u00e1n qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1, l\u00e3nh \u00e1n t\u1eed h\u00ecnh, c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 n\u00e0y kh\u00e1ng \u00e1n l\u00ean Ng\u01b0\u1eddi xin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khoan h\u1ed3ng. V\u1ee5 \u00e1n g\u00e2y cho Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ed7i bu\u1ed3n s\u00e2u s\u1eafc. Nh\u01b0ng tr\u1ecb m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee9u mu\u00f4n ng\u01b0\u1eddi, d\u00f9 r\u1ea5t \u0111au l\u00f2ng, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 k\u00fd l\u1ec7nh b\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n kh\u00e1ng \u00e1n v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n \u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi h\u00e0nh. Ghi nh\u1edb l\u1eddi Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh c\u0103n d\u1eb7n: \u201cPh\u1ea3i n\u00e2ng cao k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt, gi\u1eef v\u1eefng k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt. Nh\u1eefng c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 c\u00f3 \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i khen th\u01b0\u1edfng; ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m tr\u00e1i k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ea1t. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch; n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea1t th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng gi\u1eef v\u1eefng k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt. Th\u01b0\u1edfng ph\u1ea1t nghi\u00eam minh l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft\u201d1. 2. L\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft ph\u00e1t huy s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn, th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean r\u00fat kinh nghi\u1ec7m V\u1ec1 bi\u1ebft ph\u00e1t huy s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn: L\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn th\u00ec c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ____________ 1. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, S\u0111d, t.9, tr.310. 65","th\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n ch\u1eadm v\u00e0 l\u00e2u m\u1edbi c\u00f3 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3. X\u01b0a nay, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m duy nh\u1ea5t th\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c, m\u1ecdi ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh, m\u1ecdi th\u1eddi gian. M\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y, \u0111\u00fang trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y, ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh n\u00e0y, c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y, song c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd sai n\u1ebfu \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng m\u00e1y m\u00f3c v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00e1c, v\u00e0o th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 kh\u00e1c, v\u00e0o ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c kh\u00e1c. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, trong ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft ph\u00e1t huy s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o. Theo Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh, s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00e1i g\u00ec l\u1ea1, m\u00e0 n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, suy ngh\u0129, t\u00ecm t\u00f2i trong khi ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ra c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m \u0111\u00fang, thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c, hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m cho nhanh h\u01a1n, \u0111\u1ea1t k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5: \u201cB\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 vi\u1ec7c to vi\u1ec7c nh\u1ecf, h\u1ec5 th\u00eam nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u1ee3i, tr\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ea1i cho qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang, gi\u00fap qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, t\u0103ng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m, t\u0103ng s\u1ee9c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed5 s\u1ee9c \u00e1p b\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n th\u00f9, \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn\u201d1. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh m\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng ph\u00e1t huy s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn, c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m, kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o, ph\u00e1t huy s\u1ef1 nhi\u1ec7t t\u00ecnh v\u00e0 l\u00f2ng ____________ 1. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, S\u0111d, t.5, tr.284. 66","h\u0103ng h\u00e1i. Ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 tinh th\u1ea7n m\u1ea1nh d\u1ea1n, qu\u1ea3 quy\u1ebft trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ec1 ra nh\u1eefng s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ec3 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c s\u1eafp l\u00e0m. B\u1edfi trong th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1t sinh nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1edbi, kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n m\u1edbi, ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p m\u1edbi, n\u00ean ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh, u\u1ed1n n\u1eafn v\u00e0 s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa, nhanh ch\u00f3ng t\u00ecm ra c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m m\u1edbi ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p, b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m cho c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea1t k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft l\u00e0m cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1 ra s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu nh\u1eefng s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00f3 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khen ng\u1ee3i, bi\u1ec3u d\u01b0\u01a1ng k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi th\u00ec m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00e0ng th\u00eam h\u0103ng h\u00e1i v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng h\u1ecdc theo. Trong khi t\u0103ng th\u00eam s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 l\u00f2ng h\u0103ng h\u00e1i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c th\u00ec nh\u1eefng khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m, h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf l\u1eb7t v\u1eb7t c\u0169ng kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u. Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh cho r\u1eb1ng, trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 sinh ho\u1ea1t, nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ta c\u1ea7n c\u00f9, th\u00f4ng minh, c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn, tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 v\u00e0 s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang l\u00e0 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng t\u1eadn. Theo Ng\u01b0\u1eddi, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi, s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a qu\u00fd chung c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, n\u00ean ph\u1ea3i ra s\u1ee9c l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 d\u1ed3i d\u00e0o th\u00eam v\u00e0 lan r\u1ed9ng m\u00e3i. S\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 con su\u1ed1i nh\u1ecf ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0o s\u00f4ng to, nh\u1eefng con s\u00f4ng to ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0o b\u1ec3 c\u1ea3. Kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft qu\u00fd tr\u1ecdng s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn kinh nghi\u1ec7m t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed v\u1ed1n qu\u00fd c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. \u201cB\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ai, n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m l\u00e0m \u00edch l\u1ee3i cho qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang, l\u1ea1i ch\u1ecbu kh\u00f3 h\u1ecdc, ch\u1ecbu h\u1ecfi qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang, 67","\u00f3c ch\u1ecbu kh\u00f3 ngh\u0129, tay ch\u1ecbu kh\u00f3 l\u00e0m, th\u00ec nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn, nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u00f3 \u00edch cho lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u201d1. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng khuy\u00ean c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ea7n t\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft nh\u1eefng s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn qu\u00fd b\u00e1u \u1ea5y, n\u1ebfu kh\u00e9o khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch, gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1, h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn, vun tr\u1ed3ng tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn \u1ea5y th\u00ec s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng n\u1edf hoa, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, c\u1ea7n n\u00e2ng cao v\u00e0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7, \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean, c\u1ed5 v\u0169 qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang suy ngh\u0129, t\u00ecm t\u00f2i, ph\u00e1t huy s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn, c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c. Khi h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn, th\u00ec gi\u00fap h\u1ecd ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00eam. L\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0 v\u1eady th\u00ec nh\u1eefng t\u00ednh l\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebfng, g\u1eb7p ch\u0103ng hay ch\u1edb, qua loa, \u0111\u1ea1i kh\u00e1i, c\u1ea9u th\u1ea3, l\u1ee5p ch\u1ee5p... ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng b\u1edbt, m\u00e0 s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 t\u00ednh h\u0103ng h\u00e1i ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng th\u00eam nhi\u1ec1u, hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c s\u1ebd t\u0103ng cao. C\u00f3 l\u1ea7n, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n \u00e1i ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh thanh ni\u00ean r\u1eb1ng: \u201cThanh ni\u00ean tuy c\u00f3 h\u0103ng h\u00e1i, s\u00f4i n\u1ed5i, nh\u01b0ng k\u00e9m s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn; vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ee3i \u1edf T\u1ed5ng b\u1ed9 ho\u1eb7c Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 ra cho m\u1ec7nh l\u1ec7nh, ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb, gi\u00fap h\u1ed9 \u00fd ki\u1ebfn ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u1ed9 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch; l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft t\u1ef1 \u00fd \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb v\u1edbi Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m hay ph\u1ea3i s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa\u201d2. Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n do nh\u00e0 nhi\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh \u0110inh \u0110\u0103ng \u0110\u1ecbnh k\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh ph\u00e1t huy s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn: \u201cH\u00f4m \u1ea5y, B\u00e1c c\u00f9ng m\u1ea5y c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, chi\u1ebfn s\u0129 ngh\u1ec9 \u0111\u00eam l\u1ea1i \u1edf m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i l\u00e1n b\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng. B\u00e1c ch\u00e1u ____________ 1. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, S\u0111d, t.5, tr.285. 2. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, S\u0111d, t.4, tr.31. 68","c\u00f9ng n\u1eb1m quanh \u0111\u1ed1ng l\u1eeda. S\u00e1ng s\u1edbm h\u00f4m sau, tr\u1eddi r\u00e9t, anh em \u0111\u1ec1u ng\u1ea1i, c\u1ee9 mu\u1ed1n n\u1eb1m r\u1ed1n th\u00eam m\u00e3i. Nh\u01b0ng th\u1ea5y B\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eady n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng ai d\u00e1m li\u1ec1u n\u1eefa. B\u00ean ngo\u00e0i s\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00f9 d\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c, h\u01a1i l\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a n\u00fai r\u1eebng t\u1ecfa ra bu\u1ed1t c\u00f3ng ch\u00e2n tay, anh em \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n \u0111i s\u1edbm. B\u00e1c b\u00e8n h\u1ecfi: C\u00e1c ch\u00fa c\u00f3 bi\u1ebft l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o cho kh\u1ecfi r\u00e9t kh\u00f4ng? M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01b0a bi\u1ebft tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi ra sao th\u00ec B\u00e1c n\u00f3i: B\u00e2y gi\u1edd ta m\u1eb7c \u00e1o v\u00e0o r\u1ed3i ch\u1ea1y thi, xem ai ch\u1ea1y nhanh v\u00e0 dai s\u1ee9c, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady th\u00ec kh\u1ecfi r\u00e9t v\u00e0 tranh th\u1ee7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eddi gian. Th\u1ebf r\u1ed3i, B\u00e1c \u0111\u1ee9ng l\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1edbc, h\u00f4: Ch\u1ea1y n\u00e0o! M\u1ea5y B\u00e1c ch\u00e1u ch\u1ea1y \u00e0o ra, g\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y s\u1ed1 th\u00ec B\u00e1c v\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1edbc... Ch\u1ea1y ch\u1eebng b\u1ed1n c\u00e2y s\u1ed1, ai n\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec1u th\u1ea5m m\u1ec7t, ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3ng r\u1ef1c l\u00ean. B\u00e1c ng\u1eebng ch\u1ea1y, b\u01b0\u1edbc thong th\u1ea3, nh\u00ecn anh em v\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u k\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec7n\u201d1. Ghi nh\u1edb l\u1eddi Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh c\u0103n d\u1eb7n: \u201cT\u1eeb nay, c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng ho\u1eb7c th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i, ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ed9i r\u1ec5, ph\u00e2n t\u00e1ch th\u1eadt r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng r\u1ed3i k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn. K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd l\u00e0 c\u00e1i ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap cho c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi. C\u00f3 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi c\u00f3 t\u00e0i, t\u00e0i m\u1edbi c\u00f3 d\u1ee5ng\u201d2. V\u1ec1 th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean r\u00fat kinh nghi\u1ec7m: Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp, l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh r\u00e8n ____________ 1. K\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 B\u00e1c H\u1ed3, Nxb. Ngh\u1ec7 An, 2000, t.I, tr.108. 2. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, S\u0111d, t.5, tr.283. 69","luy\u1ec7n, t\u00edch l\u0169y ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c, b\u1ed5 sung, \u0111\u00fac r\u00fat kinh nghi\u1ec7m t\u1eeb th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n. Cho n\u00ean, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, \u0111\u00fac r\u00fat kinh nghi\u1ec7m th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft sau khi c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh xong, nh\u1eb1m t\u00ecm ra nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i hay, c\u00e1i t\u1ed1t, c\u00e1i \u0111\u00fang, nh\u1eefng kinh nghi\u1ec7m th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec1 cao, ph\u00e1t huy v\u00e0 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn; \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i d\u1edf, c\u00e1i x\u1ea5u, c\u00e1i sai, nh\u1eefng kinh nghi\u1ec7m kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c, \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh. V\u00ec nh\u1eefng kinh nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u00f3 \u0111em trao \u0111\u1ed5i, gom g\u00f3p l\u1ea1i s\u1ebd l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc qu\u00fd cho nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfp theo. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft, \u0111\u00fac r\u00fat kinh nghi\u1ec7m l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p m\u00e0 Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u1ea5t coi tr\u1ecdng t\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00fac r\u00fat kinh nghi\u1ec7m trong t\u1eebng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c, t\u1eebng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m, t\u1eebng ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ed5 sung k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p, nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1edbi v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n l\u00e0 r\u00fat ra nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ed5 sung cho l\u00fd lu\u1eadn. Ngay t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1945, trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft tr\u00ean b\u00e1o C\u1ee9u qu\u1ed1c, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5: \u201cSau khi l\u00e0m xong m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c g\u00ec, hay sau m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m xem c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn, ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m g\u00ec n\u00ean nh\u1edb, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kinh nghi\u1ec7m g\u00ec qu\u00fd \u0111\u00e1ng ghi. Ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecf h\u1eb3n th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 xong vi\u1ec7c th\u00ec th\u00f4i\u201d1. R\u1eb1ng, ph\u1ea3i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ____________ 1. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, S\u0111d, t.4, tr.28. 70","kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u0169 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap cho th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh m\u1edbi, l\u1ea1i \u0111em th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u0169 l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, d\u1ed3i d\u00e0o th\u00eam; ph\u1ea3i tr\u00e1nh khi c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c th\u00ec \u0111em thi h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch m\u00e1y m\u00f3c, khi l\u00e0m xong vi\u1ec7c l\u1ea1i ch\u1ec9 ng\u1ed3i kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu t\u00ecm vi\u1ec7c m\u00e0 l\u00e0m n\u1eefa, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu r\u00fat kinh nghi\u1ec7m, v.v.. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f2n khuy\u00ean: Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, \u0111\u00fac k\u1ebft v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng cao nh\u1eefng kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n, c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb m\u00ecnh, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u0103m ch\u00fa, c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn v\u00e0 c\u00f3 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng kinh nghi\u1ec7m hay c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb kh\u00e1c, c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ea1n. Ph\u1ea3i r\u00fat kinh nghi\u1ec7m h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y, h\u00e0ng gi\u1edd, ph\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean r\u00fat kinh nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn, \u0111\u1ec3 tranh th\u1ee7 th\u1eddi c\u01a1. Khi th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00ec sao th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t huy, khi th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i c\u0169ng x\u00e9t xem t\u1ea1i sao th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00e0 tr\u00e1nh. Theo Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh, m\u1ecdi hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec1u do kinh nghi\u1ec7m tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp ho\u1eb7c kinh nghi\u1ec7m gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp m\u00e0 c\u00f3. Kinh nghi\u1ec7m gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp l\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u01b0a \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i. N\u1ebfu nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft, nh\u1eefng kinh nghi\u1ec7m \u1ea5y h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u00e1ch quan th\u00ec n\u00f3 \u0111\u00fang v\u00e0 tin. R\u1eb1ng: \u201cS\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 hai b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn: kinh nghi\u1ec7m tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp. V\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a ta t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a 71","ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Cho n\u00ean, n\u00f3i chung, s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft n\u00e0o c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi kinh nghi\u1ec7m tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp. \u201cKh\u00f4ng v\u00e0o hang, kh\u00f4ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ecdp\u201d. C\u00e2u t\u1ee5c ng\u1eef \u1ea5y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt cho th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh, c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt cho hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft. Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh th\u00ec nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft\u201d1. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u kinh nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eadn g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ec9 m\u1ec9, c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn, to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n c\u00e1c vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 sau khi xong c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c. Kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 v\u1eady, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i r\u00fat kinh nghi\u1ec7m ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng ng\u01b0\u1eddi, kinh nghi\u1ec7m chung c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, t\u1eebng \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft, ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn kinh nghi\u1ec7m \u1ea5y cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, cho c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng kinh nghi\u1ec7m hay, tr\u00e1nh kinh nghi\u1ec7m d\u1edf, \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u0169, kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c m\u1edbi. Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng, r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e0nh t\u00edch r\u1ea5t kh\u00e1, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1n, v\u00ec sao c\u00f3 th\u00e0nh t\u00edch, n\u01a1i n\u00e0o th\u00e0nh t\u00edch t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t, ai l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh t\u00edch \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00e0 h\u1ecdc kinh nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t khu\u00f4n ph\u00e9p cho c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c kh\u00e1c sau \u0111\u00f3. Th\u00e0nh th\u1eed c\u00e1i t\u1ed1t, c\u00e1i hay \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, m\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c xong r\u1ed3i l\u00e0 th\u00f4i, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ____________ 1. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, S\u0111d, t.7, tr.124-125. 72","kh\u00f4ng h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kinh nghi\u1ec7m g\u00ec v\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ea5y. C\u0169ng do kh\u00f4ng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m, khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u00e0 s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa cho k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean: Anh em \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 \u00edt nhi\u1ec1u kinh nghi\u1ec7m, nay l\u1ea1i h\u0103ng h\u00e1i h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi. Khi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc c\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00f4n kh\u00e9o, m\u1ec1m d\u1ebbo, h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean m\u00e1y m\u00f3c. M\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, m\u1ed7i c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft h\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng kinh nghi\u1ec7m hay, tr\u00e1nh nh\u1eefng kinh nghi\u1ec7m d\u1edf, \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u0169 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c m\u1edbi. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng b\u1edbt, \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng th\u00eam, c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c s\u1ebd r\u1ea5t mau ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9. Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 r\u00fat kinh nghi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch gia \u0111\u00ecnh do ch\u00ednh Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh k\u1ec3: \u201cCh\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea3ng m\u1edf phong tr\u00e0o t\u0103ng gia s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m. N\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m l\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh (v\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9i). C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, nh\u01b0 Li\u00ean khu Vi\u1ec7t B\u1eafc, \u0111\u00e3 hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n h\u01a1n 187.000 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 t\u1ec9nh, huy\u1ec7n, x\u00e3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch gia \u0111\u00ecnh. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t. Nh\u01b0ng... t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ebfn nay, gia \u0111\u00ecnh n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u00f3 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch th\u00f4 s\u01a1, nh\u01b0: ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i th\u1ee9 g\u00ec, m\u00f9a n\u00e0o tr\u1ed3ng g\u00ec, m\u1ea5y s\u00e0o, m\u1ea5y m\u1eabu, v.v.. N\u01a1i n\u00e0o c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh, ch\u1ecbu kh\u00f3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch cho \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o r\u00f5, thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o 73","s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch th\u00f4 s\u01a1 \u1ea5y cho c\u00f3 ng\u0103n n\u1eafp h\u01a1n, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o t\u1ef1 gi\u00e1c t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh, v\u00e0 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n theo d\u00f5i, khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch, th\u00ec \u0111\u1ec1u thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1t. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng s\u00e1t th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng. H\u1ecd d\u00f9ng c\u00e1ch quan li\u00eau, m\u1ec7nh l\u1ec7nh \u00e9p bu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m. H\u1ecd bao bi\u1ec7n vi\u1ec7c l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch gia \u0111\u00ecnh. H\u1ecd m\u00e1y m\u00f3c, nh\u01b0 gi\u00fap m\u1ed9t gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u1edf n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n l\u00e0m k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch m\u00e0 h\u1ecd b\u1eaft k\u00ea thu v\u00e0 chi r\u1ea5t t\u1ec9 m\u1ec9, d\u00e0i h\u00e0ng s\u1ea3i, r\u1ea5t phi\u1ec1n ph\u1ee9c, nh\u01b0 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u00e3ng bu\u00f4n l\u1edbn. H\u1ecd ch\u1ee7 quan, t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng r\u1ed3i. S\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c th\u00ec k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch \u1ea5y, \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch \u201ch\u1eefu danh v\u00f4 th\u1ef1c\u201d\u201d1. Ghi nh\u1edb l\u1eddi Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh c\u0103n d\u1eb7n: \u201cSau m\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i r\u00fat kinh nghi\u1ec7m. Kinh nghi\u1ec7m ri\u00eang t\u1eebng c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, t\u1eebng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. Kinh nghi\u1ec7m chung t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. Kinh nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i v\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng. R\u1ed3i t\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft v\u00e0 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng kinh nghi\u1ec7m \u1ea5y cho kh\u1eafp t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng\u201d2. ____________ 1. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, S\u0111d, t.7, tr.469. 2. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, S\u0111d, t.6, tr.238. 74","VI- L\u00c0M VI\u1ec6C PH\u1ea2I TH\u1ef0C H\u00c0NH TI\u1ebeT KI\u1ec6M, CH\u1ed0NG THAM \u00d4, L\u00c3NG PH\u00cd, QUAN LI\u00caU 1. L\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m Cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh l\u00e0 t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1eabu m\u1ef1c v\u1ec1 c\u1ea7n, ki\u1ec7m, li\u00eam, ch\u00ednh, ch\u00ed c\u00f4ng v\u00f4 t\u01b0, v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eddi ri\u00eang trong s\u00e1ng, n\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng thanh b\u1ea1ch, t\u00ednh khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n, gi\u1ea3n d\u1ecb. Nh\u1eefng n\u0103m b\u00f4n ba h\u1ea3i ngo\u1ea1i t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee9u n\u01b0\u1edbc, t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t ph\u1ee5 b\u1ebfp tr\u00ean t\u00e0u bi\u1ec3n, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u00e9t tuy\u1ebft \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc Anh, m\u1ed9t th\u1ee3 \u1ea3nh \u1edf Th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 Pari c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ebfn khi Ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch n\u01b0\u1edbc, Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u1eabn lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ng ng\u00e0y s\u1ed1ng thanh b\u1ea1ch, b\u00ecnh d\u1ecb, tao nh\u00e3 v\u00e0 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m. Ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 s\u00e0n Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i gi\u01b0\u1eddng, m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i b\u00e0n, m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i gh\u1ebf, m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1 s\u00e1ch, m\u1ed9t t\u1ee7 qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o v\u1edbi hai b\u1ed9 kaki, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00f4i d\u00e9p l\u1ed1p, m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y thu thanh, m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e0n... \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7 qu\u1ed1c gia. Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00fac \u201c\u0111i xa\u201d, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f2n d\u1eb7n: \u201cSau khi t\u00f4i qua \u0111\u1eddi, ch\u1edb n\u00ean t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00ecnh, l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed ng\u00e0y gi\u1edd v\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n\u201d1. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i, cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh l\u00e0 m\u1eabu h\u00ecnh c\u1ea7n, ki\u1ec7m, li\u00eam, ch\u00ednh, ch\u00ed c\u00f4ng v\u00f4 t\u01b0, l\u00e0 trung v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc, hi\u1ebfu v\u1edbi d\u00e2n, l\u00e0 \u201ccu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng th\u1eadt v\u00e0ng son\u201d. ____________ 1. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, S\u0111d, t.15, tr.613. 75","Th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t quan \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh. Ngay t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1927, trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1ch m\u1ec7nh d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n l\u1edbp c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng ta, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 ra: \u201cT\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3i: C\u1ea7n ki\u1ec7m... V\u1ecb c\u00f4ng vong t\u01b0. Kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ebfu danh, kh\u00f4ng ki\u00eau ng\u1ea1o, N\u00f3i th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m... \u00cdt l\u00f2ng tham mu\u1ed1n v\u1ec1 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t\u201d1. Sau khi C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Th\u00e1ng T\u00e1m th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00eau ra m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ea5p b\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a l\u00e0 m\u1edf m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c l\u1ea1i tinh th\u1ea7n nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u1ea7n, ki\u1ec7m, li\u00eam, ch\u00ednh. Trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m S\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1ed1i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eb1m gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, r\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o, c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean, chi\u1ebfn s\u0129 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd phong tr\u00e0o thi \u0111ua gi\u1ebft gi\u1eb7c v\u1edbi phong tr\u00e0o t\u0103ng gia s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m. V\u1ec1 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m, Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh \u0111\u1eb7t ra m\u1ea5y c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi: Ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m l\u00e0 g\u00ec? V\u00ec sao ph\u1ea3i ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m? Ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m nh\u1eefng g\u00ec? Ai c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m? Tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi Ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho r\u1eb1ng, ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m bao g\u1ed3m ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m s\u1ee9c lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m th\u00ec gi\u1edd, ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m ti\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ____________ 1. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, S\u0111d, t.2, tr.280. 76","ng\u01b0\u1eddi, m\u1ecdi c\u01a1 quan ph\u1ea3i ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m. Theo Ng\u01b0\u1eddi: \u201cTi\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 b\u1ee7n x\u1ec9n, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u201cxem \u0111\u1ed3ng ti\u1ec1n to b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1i n\u1ed1ng\u201d, g\u1eb7p vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1ng l\u00e0m c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m, \u0111\u00e1ng ti\u00eau c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ti\u00eau. Ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u00e9p b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9i, c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n nh\u1ecbn \u0103n, nh\u1ecbn m\u1eb7c. Tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i, ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m c\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap v\u00e0o t\u0103ng gia s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, m\u00e0 t\u0103ng gia s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n n\u00e2ng cao m\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9i, c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n\u201d1. Ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng xa x\u1ec9, kh\u00f4ng hoang ph\u00ed, kh\u00f4ng b\u1eeba b\u00e3i, l\u00e0 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c. Tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi V\u00ec sao ph\u1ea3i ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m? Ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch: Trong 80 n\u0103m, n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u00e0 b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c Ph\u00e1p r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c Nh\u1eadt v\u01a1 v\u00e9t h\u1ebft, v\u00ec v\u1eady m\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a ta ngh\u00e8o n\u00e0n, l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu. Nay ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf kh\u00e1 \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn qu\u1ed1c. Mu\u1ed1n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng kinh t\u1ebf, th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m v\u1ed1n. Mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 v\u1ed1n, ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t ph\u1ea3i t\u00edch c\u1ef1c t\u0103ng gia s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00edch tr\u1eef v\u1ed1n cho x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf n\u01b0\u1edbc ta. Tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi Ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m nh\u1eefng g\u00ec? Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5: Ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m th\u1eddi gi\u1edd, ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m s\u1ee9c lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m ti\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea5y th\u00ed d\u1ee5, v\u1ec1 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m th\u1eddi gi\u1edd, vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m 2 ng\u00e0y, nay v\u00ec t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp kh\u00e9o, n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t cao, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m xong ____________ 1. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, S\u0111d, t.7, tr.352. 77","trong 1 ng\u00e0y. V\u1ec1 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m s\u1ee9c lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng 10 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, nay ph\u1ea3i t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp cho kh\u00e9o, ph\u1ea3i n\u00e2ng cao n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, nh\u1edd v\u1eady m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 d\u00f9ng 5 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. V\u1ec1 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m ti\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a, vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec tr\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi, nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gi\u1edd, ph\u1ea3i t\u1ed1n 2 v\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed3ng, nay v\u00ec ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ee9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gi\u1edd, nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u, cho n\u00ean ch\u1ec9 t\u1ed1n 1 v\u1ea1n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i g\u1ecdn l\u1ea1i: \u201cCh\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c s\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t cho h\u1ee3p l\u00fd, \u0111\u1ec3 1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c nh\u01b0 2 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, 1 ng\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a 2 ng\u00e0y, 1 \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng b\u1eb1ng 2 \u0111\u1ed3ng\u201d1. Tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi Ai c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m? Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i: T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng l\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u201cTr\u01b0\u1edbc kia t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ed3ng m\u1ed7i chi\u1ebfn s\u0129 b\u1eafn 50 vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1n m\u1edbi h\u1ea1 1 t\u00ean \u0111\u1ecbch. Nay v\u00ec t\u1eadp luy\u1ec7n si\u00eang n\u0103ng, b\u1eafn kh\u00e1, t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ed3ng m\u1ed7i chi\u1ebfn s\u0129 ch\u1ec9 b\u1eafn 10 vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1n th\u00ec h\u1ea1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 1 t\u00ean \u0111\u1ecbch. Th\u1ebf l\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn s\u0129 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 80% \u0111\u1ea1n. Do \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 qu\u00e2n gi\u1edbi ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n c\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fac \u0111\u1ea1n, \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o nh\u1eefng v\u0169 kh\u00ed kh\u00e1c. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia C\u1ee5c v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i ph\u1ea3i ch\u1edf 100 xe \u0111\u1ea1n, nay ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n ch\u1edf 20 xe, ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xe c\u1ed9 v\u00e0 d\u1ea7u m\u1ee1. Xe ch\u1ea1y \u00edt, th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u00e1 ph\u1ea3i ch\u1eefa \u00edt, th\u1ebf l\u00e0 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e2n c\u00f4ng, v.v.. N\u1ebfu c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 t\u01b0 ph\u00e1p n\u00e2ng cao n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t, l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c ____________ 1. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, S\u0111d, t.7, tr.353. 78","mau ch\u00f3ng, th\u00ec s\u1ebd gi\u00fap cho nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ebfn t\u01b0 ph\u00e1p ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u00e0y gi\u1edd, \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng gia s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t\u201d1. V\u1ec1 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m: Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh cho r\u1eb1ng, ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m c\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap v\u00e0o t\u0103ng gia s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00edch tr\u1eef th\u00eam v\u1ed1n cho x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf, v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n. N\u1ebfu kh\u00e9o ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m s\u1ee9c lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, th\u00ec gi\u1edd v\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a th\u00ec v\u1edbi s\u1ee9c lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, th\u00ec gi\u1edd v\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n t\u00e0i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u0103ng gia s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t g\u1ea5p b\u1ed9i m\u00e0 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ecdi m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u0169ng t\u0103ng g\u1ea5p b\u1ed9i. Theo Ng\u01b0\u1eddi: \u201cC\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m ti\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ee1 t\u1ed1n ng\u00e2n qu\u1ef9; Chi\u1ebfn s\u0129 thi \u0111ua ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m thu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ea1n, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch b\u1eafn ph\u00e1t n\u00e0o tr\u00fang ph\u00e1t \u1ea5y; C\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n thi \u0111ua ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u; H\u1ecdc sinh thi \u0111ua ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m gi\u1ea5y b\u00fat; \u0110\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o h\u1eadu ph\u01b0\u01a1ng thi \u0111ua ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1c v\u00e0 l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c, \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9i; M\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, thi \u0111ua ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m th\u1eddi gi\u1edd; Th\u00ec k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 thi \u0111ua ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m c\u0169ng b\u1eb1ng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 thi \u0111ua t\u0103ng gia s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t\u201d2. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi coi th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t quy lu\u1eadt \u0111i l\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 kinh t\u1ebf, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 n\u01b0\u1edbc ngh\u00e8o m\u1edbi ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m, m\u00e0 c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u00e0u c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00eau m\u1ed9t lu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec1: ____________ 1. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, S\u0111d, t.7, tr.353-354. 2. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, S\u0111d, t.6, tr.124-125. 79","\u201cM\u1ed9t d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c bi\u1ebft c\u1ea7n, ki\u1ec7m, bi\u1ebft li\u00eam, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c gi\u00e0u v\u1ec1 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, m\u1ea1nh v\u1ec1 tinh th\u1ea7n, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u0103n minh ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9\u201d1. Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n do D\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u00fay Li\u00ean k\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ee9c t\u00ednh gi\u1ea3n d\u1ecb v\u00e0 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh. \u201cL\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u1edf V\u0103n ph\u00f2ng B\u00e1c l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f4i khi t\u00f4i c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn vi\u1ec7c th\u00eau, v\u00e1 qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o, ch\u0103n m\u00e0n, \u00e1o g\u1ed1i cho B\u00e1c. C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y gi\u00fap t\u00f4i c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ea7n B\u00e1c v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u. H\u1ecdc t\u1eadp B\u00e1c \u0111\u1ee9c t\u00ednh gi\u1ea3n d\u1ecb, ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m. \u00c1o B\u00e1c r\u00e1ch, c\u00f3 khi v\u00e1 \u0111i v\u00e1 l\u1ea1i, B\u00e1c m\u1edbi cho thay. T\u00f4i nh\u1edb m\u00e3i chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o g\u1ed1i m\u00e0u xanh h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a B\u00e1c, anh C\u1ea7n (ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 B\u00e1c) \u0111\u01b0a t\u00f4i v\u00e1 \u0111i v\u00e1 l\u1ea1i, mi\u1ebfng v\u00e1 n\u1ecd ch\u1ed3ng l\u00ean mi\u1ebfng v\u00e1 kia. C\u1ea7m chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o g\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a B\u00e1c t\u00f4i r\u01b0ng r\u01b0ng n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft. T\u00f4i n\u00f3i v\u1edbi anh C\u1ea7n: Th\u00f4i anh \u0111\u1eebng b\u1eaft t\u00f4i v\u00e1 \u00e1o g\u1ed1i cho B\u00e1c n\u1eefa, t\u00f4i th\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u00e1c l\u1eafm. Anh C\u1ea7n n\u00f3i: T\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb v\u1edbi B\u00e1c thay \u00e1o g\u1ed1i m\u1edbi, nh\u01b0ng B\u00e1c ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd. Ch\u1ecbu kh\u00f3 v\u00e1 gi\u00fap t\u00f4i. Tay c\u1ea7m kim m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0a n\u1ed5i m\u0169i kim. T\u00f4i x\u00fac \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u00e1c qu\u00e1 ch\u1eebng. B\u00e1c gi\u1ea3n d\u1ecb v\u00e0 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m qu\u00e1, ch\u1eaft chiu nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi cha lo cho m\u1ed9t gia \u0111\u00ecnh l\u1edbn, nh\u01b0 c\u1ea3nh nh\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4ng con m\u00e0 c\u00f2n t\u00fang thi\u1ebfu. Nh\u1eefng n\u0103m th\u00e1ng gi\u00fap vi\u1ec7c B\u00e1c \u1edf V\u0103n ph\u00f2ng B\u00e1c t\u00f4i c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd qu\u00ean. ____________ 1. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, S\u0111d, t.6, tr.128. 80","\u1ede Vi\u1ec7t B\u1eafc, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t bu\u1ed5i B\u00e1c \u0111i c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c v\u1ec1 mu\u1ed9n, v\u1ec1 qua V\u0103n ph\u00f2ng, B\u00e1c ngh\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t l\u00e1t v\u00ec m\u1ec7t. Anh Kh\u00e1ng th\u1ea5y th\u1ebf n\u00f3i v\u1edbi t\u00f4i: B\u00e1c m\u1ec7t kh\u00f4ng \u0103n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u01a1m. C\u00f4 n\u1ea5u cho B\u00e1c b\u00e1t ch\u00e1o. B\u00e1c \u0111ang n\u1eb1m ngh\u1ec9 nghe th\u1ea5y th\u1ebf li\u1ec1n nh\u1ed5m d\u1eady b\u1ea3o t\u00f4i: C\u00f4 n\u1ea5u ch\u00e1o cho B\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng c\u01a1m ngu\u1ed9i \u1ea5y, v\u1eeba ch\u00f3ng ch\u00edn, v\u1eeba ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ea1o, kh\u1ecfi ph\u00ed c\u01a1m th\u1eeba. T\u00f4i l\u1eb7ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i, th\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u00e1c v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng\u201d1. Ghi nh\u1edb l\u1eddi Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh c\u0103n d\u1eb7n: \u201cL\u00e0m cho nhi\u1ec1u, ti\u00eau th\u00ec \u00edt, l\u00e0m ch\u00f3ng ti\u00eau ch\u1eadm, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7. Ngh\u00e8o tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u0111\u1ee7, \u0111\u1ee7 tr\u1edf n\u00ean gi\u00e0u, gi\u00e0u th\u00ec gi\u00e0u th\u00eam\u201d2. 2. L\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ed1ng tham \u00f4, l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed, quan li\u00eau Cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh l\u00e0 t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1eabu m\u1ef1c kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n, ki\u1ec7m, li\u00eam ch\u00ednh, ch\u00ed c\u00f4ng v\u00f4 t\u01b0; l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n, ngh\u0129a, tr\u00ed, d\u0169ng, li\u00eam; l\u00e0 \u201cGi\u00e0u sang kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 quy\u1ebfn r\u0169, Ngh\u00e8o kh\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n lay, Uy l\u1ef1c kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 khu\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5c\u201d3; m\u00e0 c\u00f2n ra s\u1ee9c ch\u1ed1ng th\u00f3i h\u01b0, t\u1eadt x\u1ea5u, l\u00ean m\u1eb7t \u201cquan c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng\u201d, ki\u00ean quy\u1ebft ch\u1ed1ng ____________ 1. Chuy\u1ec7n k\u1ec3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00fap vi\u1ec7c B\u00e1c H\u1ed3, Nxb. Th\u00f4ng t\u1ea5n, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 2008, tr.45-47. 2. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, S\u0111d, t.5, tr.76. 3. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, S\u0111d, t.7, tr.50. 81","tham \u00f4, l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed, quan li\u00eau - con \u0111\u1ebb c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n. Tham \u00f4, l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed, quan li\u00eau l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u201cc\u0103n b\u1ec7nh\u201d nguy hi\u1ec3m, kh\u00e1 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean, trong c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc. Nh\u1eefng \u201cc\u0103n b\u1ec7nh\u201d n\u00e0y ch\u1eb3ng nh\u1eefng l\u00e0m x\u00f3i m\u00f2n ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 tr\u1edf l\u1ef1c l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i m\u1edbi, l\u00e0 nguy c\u01a1 l\u00e0m s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea3ng c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n. Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh cho r\u1eb1ng, ch\u1ed1ng tham \u00f4, l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed, quan li\u00eau v\u00e0 tr\u1eeb b\u1ecf ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u0169ng quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ea7n k\u00edp nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u1eb7c tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn. N\u0103m 1952, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m Th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m, ch\u1ed1ng tham \u00f4, l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed, ch\u1ed1ng b\u1ec7nh quan li\u00eau, trong \u0111\u00f3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch r\u00f5 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n, b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t, t\u00e1c h\u1ea1i, nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ch\u1ed1ng c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh tr\u00ean. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00fac \u201c\u0111i xa\u201d, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f2n vi\u1ebft b\u00e0i N\u00e2ng cao \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng, qu\u00e9t s\u1ea1ch ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u0103ng tr\u00ean b\u00e1o Nh\u00e2n D\u00e2n ng\u00e0y 3-2-1969 \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng \u0111ang \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi. Cho \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea3n Di ch\u00fac thi\u00eang li\u00eang \u201c\u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i mu\u00f4n v\u00e0n t\u00ecnh th\u00e2n y\u00eau cho to\u00e0n d\u00e2n, to\u00e0n \u0110\u1ea3ng\u201d, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng qu\u00ean nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf: \u201cM\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 ph\u1ea3i th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 th\u1ea5m nhu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng, th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n ki\u1ec7m li\u00eam ch\u00ednh, 82","ch\u00ed c\u00f4ng v\u00f4 t\u01b0. Ph\u1ea3i gi\u1eef g\u00ecn \u0110\u1ea3ng ta th\u1eadt trong s\u1ea1ch, ph\u1ea3i x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o, l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0y t\u1edb th\u1eadt trung th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n\u201d1. Theo Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: \u0110\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 m\u00e0 n\u00f3i, tham \u00f4 l\u00e0 \u0103n c\u1eafp c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a t\u01b0, \u0111\u1ee5c kho\u00e9t c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, \u0103n b\u1edbt c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9i, ti\u00eau \u00edt m\u00e0 khai nhi\u1ec1u, l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a chung c\u1ee7a Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m qu\u1ef9 ri\u00eang cho c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb m\u00ecnh. \u0110\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n m\u00e0 n\u00f3i, tham \u00f4 l\u00e0 \u0103n c\u1eafp c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng, khai gian, l\u1eadu thu\u1ebf, v.v.. L\u00e3ng ph\u00ed l\u00e0 ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng b\u1eeba b\u00e3i, l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed s\u1ee9c lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, th\u1eddi gian, ti\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a, l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 quan, \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb, c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc. C\u00f2n b\u1ec7nh quan li\u00eau l\u00e0 m\u1ea5t d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7, m\u1ec7nh l\u1ec7nh, h\u1ed1ng h\u00e1ch, c\u1eeda quy\u1ec1n, xa d\u00e2n, khinh d\u00e2n, s\u1ee3 d\u00e2n, kh\u00f4ng tin y\u00eau d\u00e2n, v.v.. Bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh quan li\u00eau l\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu t\u00ednh t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, t\u00ednh k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt, k\u00e9m tinh th\u1ea7n tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m, m\u1ea5t \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p h\u00e0nh \u0111\u00fang ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt, l\u00e0m h\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ee3i \u00edch chung. Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a tham \u00f4, l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed, quan li\u00eau l\u00e0 do ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, m\u1ed9t tr\u1edf l\u1ef1c n\u1eb1m ngay trong m\u1ed7i c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean v\u00e0 m\u1ed7i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u1ed1c g\u00e2y ra bao sai l\u1ea7m, khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn: \u201cTham \u00f4, l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed v\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh quan li\u00eau l\u00e0 k\u1ebb th\u00f9 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, ____________ 1. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, S\u0111d, t.15, tr.622. 83","c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9i v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7. K\u1ebb th\u00f9 kh\u00e1 nguy hi\u1ec3m, v\u00ec n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng mang g\u01b0\u01a1m mang s\u00fang, m\u00e0 n\u00f3 n\u1eb1m trong c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ta, \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m h\u1ecfng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a ta. Tham \u00f4, l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed v\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh quan li\u00eau, d\u00f9 c\u1ed1 \u00fd hay kh\u00f4ng, c\u0169ng l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed3ng minh c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n v\u00e0 phong ki\u1ebfn... N\u00f3 ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a ta l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n, ki\u1ec7m, li\u00eam, ch\u00ednh\u201d1, l\u00e0 th\u1ee9 \u201cgi\u1eb7c n\u1ed9i x\u00e2m\u201d, \u201cgi\u1eb7c trong l\u00f2ng\u201d. T\u00e1c h\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a tham \u00f4, l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed, quan li\u00eau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5: Tham \u00f4 l\u00e0 tr\u1ed9m c\u01b0\u1edbp. L\u00e3ng ph\u00ed tuy kh\u00f4ng l\u1ea5y c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fat t\u00fai, song k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t tai h\u1ea1i cho nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, cho Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7. C\u00f3 khi tai h\u1ea1i h\u01a1n n\u1ea1n tham \u00f4. M\u00e0 c\u00f3 n\u1ea1n tham \u00f4 v\u00e0 l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed l\u00e0 v\u00ec b\u1ec7nh quan li\u00eau. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e2n t\u00edch: S\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 coi \u0110\u1ea3ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i c\u1ea7u thang \u0111\u1ec3 th\u0103ng quan ph\u00e1t t\u00e0i. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 lo ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ee3i \u00edch ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. H\u1ecd qu\u00ean r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ed3ng ti\u1ec1n, h\u1ea1t g\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 m\u1ed3 h\u00f4i, n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, do \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 sinh ra ph\u00f4 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng, l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed. H\u1ecd t\u1ef1 cho m\u00ecnh s\u1ed1ng xa hoa h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ea1c, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn tham \u00f4, tr\u1ee5y l\u1ea1c, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed sa v\u00e0o t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7i l\u1ea7m n\u00f3i tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 con \u0111\u1ebb c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n. T\u00e1c h\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5: Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebb ra tr\u0103m th\u1ee9 b\u1ec7nh nguy hi\u1ec3m: quan li\u00eau, m\u1ec7nh l\u1ec7nh, ____________ 1. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, S\u0111d, t.7, tr.357-358. 84","b\u00e8 ph\u00e1i, ch\u1ee7 quan, tham \u00f4, l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed. N\u00f3 tr\u00f3i bu\u1ed9c, b\u1ecbt m\u1eaft nh\u1eefng n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec c\u0169ng xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb l\u00f2ng ham mu\u1ed1n danh l\u1ee3i, \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb cho c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n m\u00ecnh, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a giai c\u1ea5p, c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ebb \u0111\u1ecbch hung \u00e1c, m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 gi\u1eb7c gian gi\u1ea3o, x\u1ea3o quy\u1ec7t, n\u00f3 kh\u00e9o d\u1ed7 d\u00e0nh ta \u0111i xu\u1ed1ng d\u1ed1c, n\u00f3 ch\u1edd d\u1ecbp \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, v\u00ec th\u1ebf c\u00e0ng nguy hi\u1ec3m. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh: \u201cM\u1ed9t d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 m\u1ed7i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m qua l\u00e0 v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i, c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn l\u1edbn, kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00f4m nay v\u00e0 ng\u00e0y mai v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u00eau m\u1ebfn v\u00e0 ca ng\u1ee3i, n\u1ebfu l\u00f2ng d\u1ea1 kh\u00f4ng trong s\u00e1ng n\u1eefa, n\u1ebfu sa v\u00e0o ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n\u201d1. Cho n\u00ean, th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh tr\u1eeb b\u1ecf ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n. Bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ch\u1ed1ng tham \u00f4, l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed, quan li\u00eau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5 l\u00e0 x\u00e2y v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng, trong x\u00e2y c\u00f3 ch\u1ed1ng, trong ch\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 x\u00e2y. V\u1ec1 x\u00e2y, l\u00e0 r\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n, n\u00e2ng cao \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc ta h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1, c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t v\u1ebb vang, n\u00ean \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng m\u1ecdi kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f9ng v\u00ec s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i: \u201cC\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ____________ 1. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, S\u0111d, t.15, tr.672. 85","s\u00f4ng th\u00ec c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n m\u1edbi c\u00f3 n\u01b0\u1edbc, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n th\u00ec s\u00f4ng c\u1ea1n. C\u00e2y ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 g\u1ed1c, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u1ed1c th\u00ec c\u00e2y h\u00e9o. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c th\u00ec d\u00f9 t\u00e0i gi\u1ecfi m\u1ea5y c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n. V\u00ec mu\u1ed1n gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng cho d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng cho lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c to t\u00e1t, m\u00e0 t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n, t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ee7 h\u00f3a, x\u1ea5u xa th\u00ec c\u00f2n l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec?\u201d1. Cho n\u00ean, l\u00e0m b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec d\u00f9 to hay nh\u1ecf ph\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean r\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1eb7n: \u201c\u0110\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i tr\u00ean tr\u1eddi sa xu\u1ed1ng. N\u00f3 do \u0111\u1ea5u tranh, r\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n b\u1ec1n b\u1ec9 h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y m\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1. C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ng\u1ecdc c\u00e0ng m\u00e0i c\u00e0ng s\u00e1ng, v\u00e0ng c\u00e0ng luy\u1ec7n c\u00e0ng trong\u201d2. V\u1ec1 ch\u1ed1ng, l\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng th\u00f3i h\u01b0, t\u1eadt x\u1ea5u, ch\u1ed1ng tham \u00f4, l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed, quan li\u00eau, c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a. Theo Ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ch\u1ed1ng nh\u1eefng c\u0103n b\u1ec7nh n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i ki\u00ean tr\u00ec, ph\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m, ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f9ng. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft, ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ed1n t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, ph\u1ea3i gi\u1eef nghi\u00eam k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt, ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb v\u00e0 tr\u1eebng tr\u1ecb b\u1ecdn tham \u00f4, l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed, quan li\u00eau m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u1eadt nghi\u00eam minh. Ri\u00eang v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ea3ng, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh ki\u1ec3m tra nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t; c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3i ki\u00ean quy\u1ebft th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ____________ 1. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, S\u0111d, t.5, tr.292-293. 2. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, S\u0111d, t.11, tr.612. 86","\u0110\u1ea3ng; ph\u1ea3i ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m, ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh c\u00e1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c, th\u1eb3ng th\u1eafn. N\u01a1i n\u00e0o sai, ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o sai ph\u1ea3i l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa, ch\u1ed1ng th\u00f3i n\u1ec3 nang, che gi\u1ea5u; \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ki\u00ean quy\u1ebft thi h\u00e0nh k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f4ng minh. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f2n nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh: \u201cC\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u1edf c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn kh\u00e1c, mu\u1ed1n th\u1eafng \u1edf m\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn n\u00e0y, \u1eaft ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb, k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, \u1eaft ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 trung ki\u00ean\u201d1. C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n sau \u0111\u00e2y cho th\u1ea5y Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh mu\u1ed1n nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 v\u1ec1 ch\u1ed1ng quan li\u00eau. \u201cTrong cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng Ph\u00e1p, t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7, m\u1ed9t c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 c\u1ea5p cao th\u1ea5y B\u00e1c c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t h\u1ed9p x\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ea7y b\u00fat \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u00ean b\u00e0n, t\u00f2 m\u00f2 h\u1ecfi: Th\u01b0a B\u00e1c, B\u00e1c c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u b\u00fat qu\u00e1. B\u00e1c g\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea7u, n\u00f3i: B\u00e1c vi\u1ebft b\u00e1o. T\u00f2a so\u1ea1n tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n nhu\u1eadn b\u00fat, m\u1ed9t th\u00e2n m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh, ch\u1eb3ng ti\u00eau g\u00ec n\u00ean B\u00e1c mua b\u00fat n\u00e0y. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi quay l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c v\u1ecb trong H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng: H\u00f4m nay t\u00f4i xin t\u1eb7ng c\u00e1c c\u1ee5, c\u00e1c ch\u00fa, m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y b\u00fat \u201cAnh h\u00f9ng\u201d. Th\u00e1ng 9-1963, nh\u00e2n d\u1ecbp Qu\u1ed1c kh\u00e1nh, c\u0169ng trong m\u1ed9t phi\u00ean h\u1ecdp H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7, B\u00e1c l\u1ea1i mang \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t h\u1ed9p b\u00fat. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i: H\u00f4m nay t\u00f4i xin t\u1eb7ng c\u00e1c v\u1ecb, c\u00e1c ch\u00fa m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y b\u00fat \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c. B\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0a t\u1eadn tay t\u1eebng B\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng, t\u1eebng \u1ee6y vi\u00ean. M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u00ecn l\u00ean ____________ 1. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, S\u0111d, t.7, tr.358. 87","n\u1eafp b\u00fat th\u1ea5y h\u00e0ng ch\u1eef B\u00e1c cho thu\u00ea kh\u1eafc \u201cB\u00fat ch\u1ed1ng quan li\u00eau\u201d1. Ghi nh\u1edb l\u1eddi Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh c\u0103n d\u1eb7n: \u201cQuan li\u00eau, tham \u00f4, l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed l\u00e0 t\u1ed9i \u00e1c. Ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea9y s\u1ea1ch n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u1ea7n ki\u1ec7m li\u00eam ch\u00ednh, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh thi \u0111ua s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m,... \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng thu\u1ea7n phong m\u1ef9 t\u1ee5c trong to\u00e0n d\u00e2n, to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00fang ta\u201d2. ____________ 1. B\u00e1c H\u1ed3 - Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 phong c\u00e1ch, Nxb. Lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 1999, tr.164-165. 2. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, S\u0111d, t.7, tr.457. 88","Ph\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai H\u1eccC T\u1ea4M G\u01af\u01a0NG H\u1eccC T\u1eacP SU\u1ed0T \u0110\u1edcI C\u1ee6A CH\u1ee6 T\u1ecaCH H\u1ed2 CH\u00cd MINH I- H\u1eccC \u0110\u1ec2 M\u1ede MANG TRI TH\u1ee8C, HI\u1ec2U BI\u1ebeT, \u0110\u1ec2 PH\u1ee4NG S\u1ef0 T\u1ed4 QU\u1ed0C, PH\u1ee4C V\u1ee4 NH\u00c2N D\u00c2N 1. H\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1edf mang tri th\u1ee9c, hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft L\u00e0m b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch. M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft, \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1eafm v\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1edf mang tri th\u1ee9c. Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh l\u00fac nh\u1ecf c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n Sinh Cung, l\u00fac \u0111i h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n T\u1ea5t Th\u00e0nh, khi ra \u0111i t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee9u n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ea5y t\u00ean l\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1i Qu\u1ed1c. Nguy\u1ec5n Sinh Cung ch\u00e0o \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0o l\u00fac th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t \u00e1ch cai tr\u1ecb l\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u00f5i Vi\u1ec7t Nam, \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc ta \u1edf trong \u201ct\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh \u0111en t\u1ed1i nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ra\u201d. T\u1eeb tu\u1ed5i ni\u00ean thi\u1ebfu, Nguy\u1ec5n Sinh Cung \u0111\u00e3 s\u1edbm c\u00f3 tinh th\u1ea7n y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc, th\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00f2i. V\u00e0o tu\u1ed5i thanh ni\u00ean, tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u00f4n ba t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee9u n\u01b0\u1edbc, ng\u01b0\u1eddi thanh ni\u00ean y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc Nguy\u1ec5n T\u1ea5t Th\u00e0nh v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i lao \u0111\u1ed9ng ki\u1ebfm s\u1ed1ng, v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i 89","tranh th\u1ee7 th\u1eddi gian t\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng cao tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft, nh\u1eb1m th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ho\u00e0i b\u00e3o l\u00e0 \u201c\u0111\u00e1nh \u0111u\u1ed5i th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n, gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o ch\u00fang ta\u201d. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi lu\u00f4n nh\u1edb l\u1eddi c\u0103n d\u1eb7n c\u1ee7a cha: \u201cH\u1ecdc c\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00fd l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap d\u00e2n, kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean theo \u0111u\u1ed5i m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch \u0111\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m quan v\u00e0 nh\u0169ng nhi\u1ec5u d\u00e2n\u201d1. Sau n\u00e0y, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i: Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 c\u1ee5 th\u00e2n sinh ra t\u00f4i, l\u00fac n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi ai l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd gi\u00fap m\u00ecnh tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi \u00e1ch th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y ngh\u0129 l\u00e0 Nh\u1eadt, ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c ngh\u0129 l\u00e0 Anh, c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea1i cho l\u00e0 M\u1ef9. T\u00f4i th\u00ec th\u1ea5y ph\u1ea3i \u0111i ra n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 xem cho r\u00f5. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi: \u201cT\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n \u0111i ra n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i xem n\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c. Sau khi xem x\u00e9t h\u1ecd l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, t\u00f4i s\u1ebd tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o ch\u00fang ta\u201d2. \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi phong tr\u00e0o ch\u1ed1ng Ph\u00e1p lan r\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc ta, th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p ra s\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p c\u00e1c phong tr\u00e0o y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc, ch\u00fang l\u1eadp \u201cnh\u00e0 t\u00f9 nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc\u201d, l\u00e0m cho 95% d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 n\u01b0\u1edbc ta m\u00f9 ch\u1eef. Ngay t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1923, trong b\u00e0i N\u1ea1n thi\u1ebfu tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc, Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1i Qu\u1ed1c l\u00ean \u00e1n \u201cch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch ngu d\u00e2n\u201d, b\u00f3p ngh\u1eb9t t\u1ef1 do ng\u00f4n lu\u1eadn, ____________ 1. Ban Tuy\u00ean gi\u00e1o T\u1ec9nh \u1ee7y Ngh\u1ec7 An: B\u00e1c H\u1ed3 th\u1eddi ni\u00ean thi\u1ebfu, Nxb. Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c gia, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 2000, tr.48-49. 2. Tr\u1ea7n D\u00e2n Ti\u00ean: Nh\u1eefng m\u1ea9u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eddi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a H\u1ed3 Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch, Nxb. S\u1ef1 th\u1eadt, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 1984, tr.14. 90","c\u1ea5m ng\u1eb7t s\u00e1ch b\u00e1o ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu m\u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft: \u201cM\u1ed7i n\u0103m, c\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y khai tr\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u00e1c b\u1eadc cha m\u1eb9 d\u00f9 c\u00f3 \u0111i g\u00f5 c\u1eeda kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i, c\u1ea7u xin m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed xin n\u1ed9p g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i ti\u1ec1n \u0103n h\u1ecdc m\u00e0 h\u1ecd v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng g\u1eedi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c con c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng. V\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb n\u00e0y, c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn, b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e0y v\u00e0o c\u1ea3nh ngu d\u1ed1t ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1edf cho ch\u00fang \u0111i h\u1ecdc... L\u00e0m cho u m\u00ea \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p m\u00e0 nh\u00e0 c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n \u1edf c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta \u01b0a d\u00f9ng nh\u1ea5t\u201d1. Gi\u1eefa n\u0103m 1923, khi t\u1edbi Li\u00ean X\u00f4 d\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 V Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n, ti\u1ebfp m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 b\u00e1o X\u00f4vi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi: \u201cKhi t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ed9 m\u01b0\u1eddi ba tu\u1ed5i, l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghe ba ch\u1eef Ph\u00e1p: T\u1ef1 do, B\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng, B\u00e1c \u00e1i. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi da tr\u1eafng n\u00e0o c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i th\u1ebf. V\u00e0 t\u1eeb thu\u1edf \u1ea5y, t\u00f4i r\u1ea5t mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m quen v\u1edbi n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh Ph\u00e1p, mu\u1ed1n t\u00ecm xem nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u1ea9n \u0111\u1eb1ng sau nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb \u1ea5y. Nh\u01b0ng trong nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3n x\u1ee9, b\u1ecdn Ph\u00e1p d\u1ea1y ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 d\u1ea1y con v\u1eb9t. Ch\u00fang gi\u1ea5u kh\u00f4ng cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00f4i xem s\u00e1ch b\u00e1o. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 v\u0103n m\u1edbi, m\u00e0 c\u1ea3 R\u00fatx\u00f4 v\u00e0 M\u00f4ngtexki\u01a1 c\u0169ng b\u1ecb c\u1ea5m. V\u1eady th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o b\u00e2y gi\u1edd? T\u00f4i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch \u0111i ra n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i\u201d2. Tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y, g\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1eb7t Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1i Qu\u1ed1c nh\u0103n l\u1ea1i, \u0111\u00f4i ____________ 1, 2. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, S\u0111d, t.1, tr.172-173, 461. 91","m\u1eaft n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1, u \u00e1m, \u1ee9a l\u1ec7. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, nh\u1eefng c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb \u201c\u0111\u1ec3 xem cho r\u00f5\u201d, \u201cr\u1ea5t mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m quen\u201d, \u201cmu\u1ed1n t\u00ecm xem\u201d, \u201cquy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch\u201d m\u00e0 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng bao h\u00e0m \u00fd ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ec3 trau d\u1ed3i ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u k\u1ebb th\u00f9 \u0111ang th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c m\u00ecnh, \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ra c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111u\u1ed5i ch\u00fang, gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. Ngay t\u1eeb h\u1ed3i \u1ea5y, nh\u00e0 b\u00e1o n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t: T\u1eeb Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1i Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ecfa ra m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 v\u0103n h\u00f3a, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u00c2u ch\u00e2u, m\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. Tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp, t\u1ef1 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng, Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u00e0 th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp, b\u1edfi n\u00f3 l\u00e0 kim ch\u1ec9 nam cho m\u1ecdi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, gi\u00fap cho vi\u1ec7c n\u00e2ng cao nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c, b\u1ed5 sung ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c, trau d\u1ed3i tri th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed7i d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. Ngay t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1924, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft: \u201cS\u1ef1 ngu d\u1ed1t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ch\u1ed7 d\u1ef1a ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a\u201d1. N\u00ean ngay sau khi C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Th\u00e1ng T\u00e1m n\u0103m 1945 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, t\u1ea1i phi\u00ean h\u1ecdp \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 l\u00e2m th\u1eddi n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh ngay ba nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0: \u201cDi\u1ec7t gi\u1eb7c \u0111\u00f3i, di\u1ec7t gi\u1eb7c d\u1ed1t, di\u1ec7t gi\u1eb7c ngo\u1ea1i x\u00e2m\u201d, trong \u0111\u00f3 di\u1ec7t gi\u1eb7c d\u1ed1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 s\u1ed1 2. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i r\u00f5, m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch di\u1ec7t gi\u1eb7c ____________ 1. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, S\u0111d, t.1, tr.256. 92","d\u1ed1t l\u00e0 nh\u1eb1m l\u00e0m cho d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ch\u00fang ta tr\u1edf n\u00ean m\u1ed9t d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c d\u0169ng c\u1ea3m, y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc, y\u00eau lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, m\u1ed9t d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, l\u00e0m cho d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Vi\u1ec7t Nam tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c th\u00f4ng th\u00e1i. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u00fd ngay S\u1eafc l\u1ec7nh th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp B\u1ed9 Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c nh\u1eb1m tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft di\u1ec7t gi\u1eb7c d\u1ed1t, sau \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edf mang vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp, n\u00e2ng cao tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 m\u1edf mang ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c cho to\u00e0n d\u00e2n. Theo Ng\u01b0\u1eddi, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tham gia v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc. \u0110\u1ec3 di\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eb7c d\u1ed1t, \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t phong tr\u00e0o to\u00e0n d\u00e2n h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9ng phong tr\u00e0o B\u00ecnh d\u00e2n h\u1ecdc v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 k\u00eau g\u1ecdi: \u201cNh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft ch\u1eef h\u00e3y d\u1ea1y cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01b0a bi\u1ebft ch\u1eef, h\u00e3y g\u00f3p s\u1ee9c v\u00e0o b\u00ecnh d\u00e2n h\u1ecdc v\u1ee5... Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01b0a bi\u1ebft ch\u1eef h\u00e3y g\u1eafng s\u1ee9c m\u00e0 h\u1ecdc cho bi\u1ebft \u0111i. V\u1ee3 ch\u01b0a bi\u1ebft th\u00ec ch\u1ed3ng b\u1ea3o, em ch\u01b0a bi\u1ebft th\u00ec anh b\u1ea3o, cha m\u1eb9 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft th\u00ec con b\u1ea3o, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0103n ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft th\u00ec ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e0 b\u1ea3o, c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 th\u00ec m\u1edf l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc \u1edf t\u01b0 gia d\u1ea1y cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft ch\u1eef \u1edf h\u00e0ng x\u00f3m l\u00e1ng gi\u1ec1ng, c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 \u1ea5p, ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec1n, ch\u1ee7 h\u1ea7m m\u1ecf, nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y th\u00ec m\u1edf l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc cho nh\u1eefng t\u00e1 \u0111i\u1ec1n, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh\u201d1. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f2n ch\u1ec9 ra c\u00e1ch h\u1ecdc: H\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ecdc, h\u1ecdc vi\u1ebft c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh ____________ 1. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, S\u0111d, t.4, tr.40-41. 93","\u1edf b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 \u0111\u00e2u, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng than, g\u1ea1ch, \u0111\u00e1, m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c l\u00e1 chu\u1ed1i l\u00e0m b\u00fat v\u00e0 gi\u1ea5y, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u1ea5y th\u00ec vi\u1ebft v\u00e0o c\u00e1t, v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5t, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u00fat th\u00ec d\u00f9ng c\u00e0nh tre \u0111\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft, kh\u00f4ng thi\u1ebfu g\u00ec c\u00e1ch h\u1ecdc m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1n ti\u1ec1n, v.v.. Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n l\u1eddi k\u00eau g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh, m\u1ed9t phong tr\u00e0o thanh to\u00e1n n\u1ea1n m\u00f9 ch\u1eef \u0111\u00e3 d\u00e2ng cao trong c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc. Ch\u1ec9 trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn, h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o ta \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecdc, bi\u1ebft vi\u1ebft, c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n di\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eb7c d\u1ed1t. Su\u1ed1t trong cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p, v\u1eeba kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn, v\u1eeba ki\u1ebfn qu\u1ed1c, phong tr\u00e0o b\u00ecnh d\u00e2n h\u1ecdc v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a m\u1edbi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00e2m m\u00e0 b\u1ea3n \u0110\u1ec1 c\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ec1 v\u0103n h\u00f3a Vi\u1ec7t Nam n\u0103m 1943 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 ra l\u00e0 \u201ckhoa h\u1ecdc h\u00f3a, d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c h\u00f3a, \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang h\u00f3a\u201d. Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 ch\u1ed1ng M\u1ef9, c\u1ee9u n\u01b0\u1edbc, trong ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc n\u01b0\u1edbc ta v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u ch\u1ed1ng chi\u1ebfn tranh ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c M\u1ef9, v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i chi vi\u1ec7n s\u1ee9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi, s\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a cho ti\u1ec1n tuy\u1ebfn l\u1edbn mi\u1ec1n Nam, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 n\u00eau quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m: \u201cD\u00f9 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2u c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c thi \u0111ua d\u1ea1y t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc t\u1ed1t\u201d1. Trong c\u00e1c b\u00e0i n\u00f3i, b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft, tr\u00ean c\u00e1c di\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e0n, h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb, \u1edf b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 \u0111\u00e2u, trong b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0o, Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh \u0111\u1ec1u k\u00eau g\u1ecdi v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh, c\u00e1c gi\u1edbi, c\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ____________ 1. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, S\u0111d, t.15, tr.507. 94","thanh, thi\u1ebfu ni\u00ean, ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1, ph\u1ea3i ra s\u1ee9c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng cao tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c. N\u00f3i v\u1ec1 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5: \u201cGi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u1ebf t\u1ee5c s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng to l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ta, do \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh, c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3i th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m h\u01a1n n\u1eefa \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p n\u00e0y, ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103m s\u00f3c nh\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ec1 m\u1ecdi m\u1eb7t, \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a ta l\u00ean nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1edbi\u201d1. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf: \u201cM\u1ed9t d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c d\u1ed1t l\u00e0 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c y\u1ebfu\u201d2, r\u1eb1ng \u201cph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc m\u1edbi bi\u1ebft, kh\u00f4ng h\u1ecdc th\u00ec bi\u1ebft sao \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc\u201d. C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n trao \u0111\u1ed5i sau \u0111\u00e2y gi\u1eefa Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1i Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 Gi\u00f4vani Gi\u00e9cman\u00e9tt\u00f4, ph\u00f3ng vi\u00ean b\u00e1o L'Unit\u00e0 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Italia t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1924 minh h\u1ecda cho vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1edf mang tri th\u1ee9c: - \u201cT\u1ea1i sao anh l\u1ea1i sang ch\u00e2u \u00c2u? - Tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y t\u00f4i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u1edd b\u00e1o ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh sang n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00f4i, m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i t\u1edd c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i \u1edf An Nam, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00ednh l\u00ea d\u01b0\u01a1ng do Po\u0103ngcar\u00ea g\u1eedi sang \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i hu\u1ea5n. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00ednh l\u00ea d\u01b0\u01a1ng ____________ 1. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, S\u0111d, t.15, tr.508. 2. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, S\u0111d, t.4, tr.7. 95","n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ee7 th\u1ee9. H\u1ecd l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t. H\u1ecd cho t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ecdc c\u00e1c b\u00e1o Ph\u00e1p. V\u00ec th\u1ebf t\u00f4i n\u1ea3y ra \u00fd mu\u1ed1n xem \u201cm\u1eabu qu\u1ed1c\u201d ra sao v\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1edbi Pari. Khi Tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00f4ng \u1edf M\u00e1txc\u01a1va m\u1edf, t\u00f4i b\u00e8n xin h\u1ecdc... - Khi h\u1ecdc xong, anh d\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0m g\u00ec? - D\u0129 nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 t\u00f4i s\u1ebd tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea5u tranh cho s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i... Vi\u1ec7c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc b\u00f4ns\u01a1v\u00edch \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf ra m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i m\u1edbi trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba \u1edf ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00f4ng, v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y ch\u00fang t\u00f4i nguy\u00ean l\u00fd \u0111\u1ea5u tranh giai c\u1ea5p, v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang t\u00f4i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y v\u00e0 trang b\u1ecb cho ch\u00fang t\u00f4i - nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f4 l\u1ec7, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd\u201d1. Ghi nh\u1edb l\u1eddi Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh c\u0103n d\u1eb7n: \u201cCh\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng su\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eddi. C\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng th\u00ec c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc, c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng\u201d2. 2. H\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5ng s\u1ef1 T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c, ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n C\u1ea3 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch v\u00e0 ham mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho n\u01b0\u1edbc ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, d\u00e2n ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n t\u1ef1 do, ____________ 1. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, S\u0111d, t.1, tr.465-468. 2. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, S\u0111d, t.15, tr.113. 96","\u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o ai c\u0169ng c\u00f3 c\u01a1m \u0103n, \u00e1o m\u1eb7c, ai c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecdc h\u00e0nh. M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i r\u00f5: C\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eddi t\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch, l\u00e0 ph\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ea5u cho quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n. Nh\u1eefng khi t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i \u1ea9n n\u1ea5p n\u01a1i n\u00fai non ho\u1eb7c ra v\u00e0o ch\u1ed1n t\u00f9 t\u1ed9i, x\u00f4ng pha s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3m ngh\u00e8o - l\u00e0 v\u00ec m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch \u0111\u00f3. T\u1eeb tu\u1ed5i thanh ni\u00ean, v\u1edbi hai b\u00e0n tay v\u00e0 kh\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi thanh ni\u00ean y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc Nguy\u1ec5n T\u1ea5t Th\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e3 r\u1eddi T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c th\u00e2n y\u00eau ra \u0111i t\u00ecm ch\u00e2n l\u00fd c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng, l\u00e0m m\u1ecdi ngh\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i, \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft, \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi, \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng. Ch\u00ednh t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e2u th\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tinh hoa v\u0103n h\u00f3a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, t\u00ecm ra con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee9u n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn cho d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00fac \u201c\u0111i xa\u201d, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec ph\u1ea3i \u00e2n h\u1eadn, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 \u201cti\u1ebfc r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n l\u00e2u h\u01a1n n\u1eefa, nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n n\u1eefa\u201d, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng qu\u00ean c\u0103n d\u1eb7n: \u201c\u0110\u1ea3ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch th\u1eadt t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a, nh\u1eb1m kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng n\u00e2ng cao \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n\u201d1. Sinh th\u1eddi, Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh r\u1ea5t quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ta. Ngay t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1927, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft cu\u1ed1n \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1ch m\u1ec7nh, ngay nh\u1eefng trang \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i r\u00f5 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch vi\u1ebft cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 cho \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o ta h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp: \u201cS\u00e1ch n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 \u01b0\u1edbc ao sao \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o xem r\u1ed3i th\u00ec ____________ 1. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, S\u0111d, t.15, tr.622. 97","ngh\u0129 l\u1ea1i, ngh\u0129 r\u1ed3i th\u00ec t\u1ec9nh d\u1eady, t\u1ec9nh r\u1ed3i th\u00ec \u0111\u1ee9ng l\u00ean \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft nhau m\u00e0 l\u00e0m c\u00e1ch m\u1ec7nh\u201d1. Ngay khi n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u00e0 gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c, m\u1edf nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c l\u1edbp b\u00ecnh d\u00e2n h\u1ecdc v\u1ee5, gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp, b\u00e3i b\u1ecf h\u1ecdc ph\u00ed nh\u1eadp h\u1ecdc do ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t ra. Theo Ng\u01b0\u1eddi, n\u1ea1n d\u1ed1t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ed9c \u00e1c m\u00e0 b\u1ecdn th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 cai tr\u1ecb d\u00e2n ta. H\u01a1n 90% \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o m\u00f9 ch\u1eef, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n ba th\u00e1ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ecdc, h\u1ecdc vi\u1ebft theo v\u1ea7n qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef. V\u00ec v\u1eady, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb m\u1edf m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng n\u1ea1n m\u00f9 ch\u1eef. Trong l\u1eddi hi\u1ec7u tri\u1ec7u, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u00eau g\u1ecdi: \u201cM\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u1ea5p t\u1ed1c trong l\u00fac n\u00e0y l\u00e0 n\u00e2ng cao d\u00e2n tr\u00ed. Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u00e3 ra h\u1ea1n trong m\u1ed9t n\u0103m, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft ch\u1eef qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef. Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t Nha B\u00ecnh d\u00e2n h\u1ecdc v\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00f4ng nom vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n ch\u00fang\u201d2. Mu\u1ed1n gi\u1eef v\u1eefng n\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m cho d\u00e2n m\u1ea1nh, n\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u00e0u, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tham gia v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc. Ch\u1ed1ng n\u1ea1n m\u00f9 ch\u1eef l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u c\u0169ng l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng cao d\u00e2n tr\u00ed. Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n l\u1eddi hi\u1ec7u tri\u1ec7u, ____________ 1. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, S\u0111d, t.2, tr.283. 2. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, S\u0111d, t.4, tr.40. 98","to\u00e0n d\u00e2n ta \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea5y l\u00ean phong tr\u00e0o h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp s\u00f4i n\u1ed5i v\u1edbi kh\u1ea9u hi\u1ec7u: \u201c\u0110i h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc\u201d. Phong tr\u00e0o ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n r\u1ed9ng kh\u1eafp ngay sau C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Th\u00e1ng T\u00e1m, qua su\u1ed1t cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p cho \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng n\u0103m sau khi mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng, g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c ki\u1ebfn thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc. Th\u00e1ng 9-1945, trong Th\u01b0 g\u1eedi h\u1ecdc sinh nh\u00e2n ng\u00e0y khai tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u0103m h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a, Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh vi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng d\u00f2ng t\u00e2m huy\u1ebft: \u201cC\u00e1c em h\u00e3y nghe l\u1eddi t\u00f4i, l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi anh l\u1edbn l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng \u00e2n c\u1ea7n mong m\u1ecfi cho c\u00e1c em \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ecfi giang... Sau 80 n\u0103m gi\u1eddi n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 l\u00e0m cho n\u01b0\u1edbc ta b\u1ecb y\u1ebfu h\u00e8n, ng\u00e0y nay ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ea1i c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 m\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i cho ch\u00fang ta, l\u00e0m sao cho ch\u00fang ta theo k\u1ecbp c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c tr\u00ean ho\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. Trong c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c ki\u1ebfn thi\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3, n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u00e0 tr\u00f4ng mong ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i \u1edf c\u00e1c em r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u. Non s\u00f4ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean t\u01b0\u01a1i \u0111\u1eb9p hay kh\u00f4ng, d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f3 b\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1edbi \u0111\u00e0i vinh quang \u0111\u1ec3 s\u00e1nh vai v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c n\u0103m ch\u00e2u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hay kh\u00f4ng, ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nh\u1edd m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn \u1edf c\u00f4ng h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c em\u201d1. Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, quan \u0111i\u1ec3m xuy\u00ean su\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c l\u00e0m ____________ 1. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, S\u0111d, t.4, tr.34-35. 99"]