Teach Yourself Beginner's Spanish (Teach Yourself Languages)

Esteapartamento esadecuado This flat is big mough for paraéllella. hinlher. Él vive aquí, pero ella vive He liues here, but she liues in Valencia, enValencia. The same dual-purpose rule applies to ellos and ellas (theylthem, mascvlineand feminine). 4 Usingno andsíto makecomparisons Making a simple comparison betwe€nwhat two people are, do or have,is easierin Spanishthan it is in Fnglish, asthe following examplesshow: Isabel vive con la familia. lsabel liues utith the family, pero Pacono. but Paco doesn't. Los Sres.Méndez están Mr. and Mrs. Méndez are casados,pero Isabel y Pacono. nurrìed, but Paa and Isabel arenl. La seõorano esmuy alta, The lady is not uery tall, pero su marido sí. but her husbaü is. My brother is not happy Mi hermano no estácontento, bAt rny pafents afe. pero mis padressí. As we haveseen,vivo meensI liue. You usethe word for I - yo - only if you want to stress úe f: Yo vivo en Madrid, pero Antonio no. I liue in Madrid but Antonio doesn't. Yohabloespaíopl,eroélno. , tf::t\"t!:::;?;. Él habla espaËol,pero ella no. He speaksSpanish,but she doesn't. 5 Saying'mine':almío,Ia mía,bs míos,lasmías Thesewords translate asminc. Yol useúe one that agreeswiú úe person or thing that is possessedF. or example: Pacono vive con suspadres, Paco doesn't liue uith his pero yo vivo con los míos. Pdrenbbu.tI liaeuiú mine. ;Cómo sellama su hermana?La What is your skter'sname? mía sellama Conchita. Mine is called Conchia. You do not need el, la, los, las, though, if you want to say iÍ's mine, they're minc. pDequién esestecoche?Es mío. Whoseis this car?It's minz. Estâ câsaes mía. Thk ho*e is mine.

Actividad 4 Complete these sentencesabout Paco by adding a contÍasting corÌÌment about Isabel. Use the following example as a model; Paco trabaja como arquitecto, pero Isabelno, a Pacovive en un apartamento,_ . b Paco es alto, . c Pacono vive - la . - d con familia, Pacono habla alemán,_ - e Pacono tiene hermanos,_ . Í Pacotiene un coche,_ , Languagepoint DO Saying'thereis/are':lray Hay is an invaluable litde word. (Be careful not to pronounce úe h. Hay soundsthe sameas 1Ay!which is an exclamation oí pain, grief or suqrise.) Hay has a multiplicity of uses: lCuántas personashay en la oficina de Pacoì Hay siete.Hay tres arquitectos y dos delineantes (&aaghtsmenl. Tambiên hay un estudiantey una secretaria. iCuántas personashay en la Íamilia de Isabel?Hay seis:los padresy cuatro hiios. Pero una hiia estácasaday vive con su marido y su hijo. Hay un perro, queesde la madrede Isabel y que sellama Chispa. iCuántas vuelos diarios (daily fligh*) hay de Londres a Madrid? Hay cincoyuelosde Iberia y cuatro de BA. Hay is used to indicate availability of goods and services.For examole: En el café: chocolate con churros En el quiosco: billetes de En el restaurante: En el teatro: No

IthickCchhuo.-c\"ola\"tre\".V\"e*rÍytfatotef fnÍiitntegrbourt doughnú wtìichyou dunk in hot, delicious.Fabadais a bêanstèw (seeUnit18).Thèwods blllête andenlrada arêboth usadÍor Íicket, but the fomer is used for trâin, bus or lotteíy tickêts (ând also banknotes),and the latterfor anywhêreyou pay Íor êntrance,such as thê thoatrsor a museum.Hoy meanstoday. Actividad Dl 5 Anr*., thequestionsA.salwaysú, e Keygivesyouúe fullestanswers,but try to conveyúe essentiailnformation eveniÍ vou canÌ oroducea wholesentenceúe Íirst time. a ;Dónde hay fabadahoy? b iQué hay en el quiosco? c ;Hay entradas para el teatro? d lCuántos vuelosdiarios de BA hay de Londres a Madrid? e El apartamento de Paco, ;es adecuadopara él? t ;Es de é1,o estáalquilado? 8 ;Por qué no vive Pacocon suspadrcs? h 2Dóndeestásiempreel coche de Paco? I El coche de la familia de Isabel. :es de ella o de sus oadres? i ;De quién esel perro en casade Isabel? This has beena unit with a lot of new material: read it through again before you try the Self-evaluation to seehow much you have understood and remembered. Self-evaluation Can you do the following? 1 Say what immediate family you have, and say what their namesare? 2 Describeyour extendedÍamily? 3 Describeyour house/homeand saywho lives in it? There will be no answers in the Key, so check your use of Spanishwiú the material in this unit.

o3 o In lhls unit you wlll lêaÌn . to tâlk aboutgoing and (:of = r€tuming 9) . to discussmeansoí 3cõ tÍanspoÍt . to givetho dât6 oof _ . numbêÍB21€1 II 3 oI- o=+

l-anguagepoints D't ttúmero2sí-3í You met numbers 1-20 in Unit 3. Here are úe numbers 21 to 31. 21 veintiuno 25 veinticinco 29 veintinueve 22 veintidós 26 veintiséis 30 treinta 23 veintitrés 27 veintisiete 31 treinta y uno 24 veinticuatro 28 veintiocho The words for 2l-29 are contractions of veinte y uno, veinte y dos, etc., but it is only 2l-29 that contÍact; all the later numbers, from 31-39, 4749 etc., arewritten asúree words, as in treinta v uno. above. ENERO FEBRERO MÁRZO ABRJL MATO InNIO JTJLIO AGOSTO SEPTTEMBRE OCTTJBRE NOVIEMBRE DICTEMBRE D Z t-osmesesdel afro Themonthsof theyear enero JdmJary jufio July febrêÍo February August marzo Madl agosto âbÍil Aptil septièmbre Sep|s'mbar mayo May octubre October noviembre November iunio June dfcfembre Dec€mbèr Note úat úe namesof úe months are wntten u,,ithoutt capital letter.

3 La Íecha The date Now you know numbers up to 31 and the namesoÍ the months of the year,you can give dates, !íritten dates are in figures, oÍ course; spoken dates are nof quite úe same as in English, e.g. 'the secondof May'. For exâmple: el dos de mayo (i.e. the nto of Mayl el veinticinco de diciembre el diecisietede septiembre and so on. If it is alreadyclear which month you are talking about,and you iusÌ want to saythe ïth, the20tb, *c., sayel dà (thed.ay)5, el día 20, and so on. El üa the day is another oÍ the Íew words in Spanishthat end in -a but aremasculine. Actividades I Give the Soanishfor: i 1stMarch g 22ndFebruary b 16th June h 10thApril 31st August d 2nd November i 26ú October e 4th Juty i 24thDecember i. 19th May k 30thJanuary I 11thNovember 2 Practisegiving personal and Íâmily dates: icuándo essu cumpleaíos?lVhen ìs your birthday?l ;Y el de su padre?/imadre?/;marido?/;mujer?/;hijo?i;hija?/ 1'herman?o/phermanaì, etc. Cloiáloso Ricardo asksPacoabout his plansÍor June,Listento (or read) the.dialogue twice, and try to identify how Paco saysI'm going and I'm retuming. RicaÌdo a,Quóhacesn junio,Paco? Paco Enjuniovoydê vlajo, Ricaído Paco eEnquódíâ va Vd.? Voy el dÍa 5. Têngoun congÍsso en Santandêrel dh ô deiunio.

RlcaÍdo {,Ywelve a Madriddespuésdel congÍêso? Paco No, tengo una Íêunlón ên BaÍcêlona ôl día L Voy RlcaÍdo dií€ctamêntêde Santandera Barcolona. Pâco {,Cómova - ôn tren? No,voy ên coche.Vuelvoa Madrldêl 10de lunio. voy I go, I am going de vlal€ on a tip YE helshêlit gioesy, ou go YUoIVO LeiJm YU€IV€ halshelitrctums,you rctum un Gongruao d c!/nfutg,lcê una rcunlóíl a ïr8ting e|| tÍon by dln cn ooafic by @r dêspuáadel congrËso aftêr the confercnc€ l-anguagepoint 4 Namesof veròs In úe above dialogue and vocabulary list, notice the important words voy I go, and va helshe goes,yoa go. Later in this unit we shall have v^mos u)e go, and van they go, or you (Yds.l go. Howeveq if you look up to go in a dictionary you will find ir, which is very different Írom voy, etc. This is becauseto go in Spanish is a very odd verb. Ir is the name of úe verb, the dictionary entry oq to give it its grammaticâl name, the inÍinitive. Usually infinitives are more easily recognizable, and end in -ar (most of them), -er or -ir. For example, m speak is hablar, to do is hacer and n liue is vivir. By the way, if someonecalls your narne, where in English you might reply Coming!, in Spanish you call lVoy!. In English where you would sayI'll come uith yoa, úe Spanishwould say Voy con Vd., I'll go uith you. Actividad f,l 3 Áo.\"\"\", the following questionsas though you w€re speakingfor Paco: a 2Dóndeva Vd. eniunio, Paco? b gPorquéva a Santander?

c iïene Ìrn congÌesotambién en Barcelona? d ;Cuándo va a Santander? e ;Y a Barcelona? Í iCómo va? c ;Qué día vuelveVd. a Madrid? h gPorquéno nrelve a Madrid el 7 de junio? ElLectura LosSrcs. Méndezestánde vacacionêsMr.and Mrs.Méndezareon holiday Mrs. Méndez describestheir holiday in Málaga. Listen to (or read) her description, noticing how shesaysrze do things. Hoy,6 dê sêptièmbrs,6stamosde vacacionôs.Estamosen Málaga y no volvemosa Madridhastael dÍa30. Pasâmosun mesên Málaga. Tenemosun apartamontoalquilâdo.Vamostodos los dÍas al caÍé paratomarel ap€ritivo.Sepued6comortambión,perogeneralmorïte volvemosa c?rsapara comer. Despuésdo la siesta visitamos a amigoso vãmosal cineo al leatÍo. hasta unül pasaÌ to spar4 pass todos loa díâs eveÌy&y lomar to bkelhave (oÍ rcÍreshment) co'mêÍ to @Uhavelunch sepuodo onecan visitâmos we y,srt Languagepoints 5 Contractions a + e, and de + el Notice the contraction of a el to al to give al cine, Ío the cinena and âl teatÍo, to the theatre. De el contracts similarly to form del, as in los mesesdel afro,and as you will now recôgnize,in Costa del Sol llìt, coast of the sun - el sol).

6 VamosWego In the passageabove,Mrs. Méndez usesúe form: vamos raego. You will find that almost all words rneaníngue do something end in -amos, -emos or -imos. There were severalexarnplesin Mrs. Méndez's account, some of which you've already come acrossand someof whiú are new: estamos weare tenêmos we have vamos we go pasamos wespendlwe pass volvêmos we reüm Other verbs you already know work similarly. For example, Pacomight say: Isabely yo trabaiamosen Madrid los dos.üvinos en Madrid también, Sonos madrilefros. Hablanos espaõol. Spanishverbsfall into tlree groups,whiú is why úere are three differentendings- you will leam moreabout úis in Unit 8. (Somoe is an odd oneout.) 7 Para ... ln orderto ... In the passageabout Mr. and Mrs. Méndez on holiday you came acrÕssthe phrasespara tomâÍ, pârâ comer. Para means/or, as

you hâve seen,but also in ordar to. So para tomar el aperitivo neans in ordcr to hauean aperitìf, or sinply to hauean aperitif. 8 Se puede... Onecan... In Mrs. Méndez's description of their holiday shesayssepuede com€Í en el crÍé one can eat at the café. Se can translate onc when you are talking of people in general. For exarnple, in a shop window you might seesehabla inglés English spoken (lit. one speaksEnglishl.Ii Barcelonayou could sayaqú sehúla c ta,lálnpeoplespeak Caulan here.You can also useit to askthe way e,g.;Cómo seva a la estaciónde aatobuses?How d.oesonc get to the b* station? There is more on this very use constÍuctionin Unit 10. Documentonúmero5 Cumpljmenetle(upónôdjuntoy ênúeloaÌRlgUÌ{ADEEDIOOÍ.DIEESMED|ol5NÍORl,,/lAÌlVO5, S.SO. orensê7,0,4 dantô2. $m lràdridM. do. deCoíÍ€c14763T.el0. 91)tl 094Z tr SÍrvanrseuÍÌibiÍmea 'TRIBUNdAeActualidadp\"o.t aio (52núm€Í6)al predototalde Bpafla:7130€Ponuga8l 7,409Europyat'loÍtedeAfii(a: 117,50AeméÍi(aA, day Afrie: l8e40eOceanÍa2:35€(gõtoJdeenúoincluidos). Población:.....-,.......,.,.,.......,,.......Provincia:............................ ........-..Ìelé tirma: FORMDAEPAGOQUEDESEO tr Chequne\"....,.......,..,.,..a..dqiuneto n Gkopostanl \"............,,.Í.eddeìa.,....,........, If you want to subscribe to the mâgazine Tribuna you can complete a coupon like the one above. a How much would it cost to have it sentto úe UK? b How many issueswould you get? c Could you complete the details required? C.P. standsfor the postcodecódigo postal.

Actividades Cl I Answerúe following questionsas though you were speakingfor Mr. andMrs. Méndez. a ;Por oué estánVds. en Málaga, sefrores? b ìc\"atid\" vuelvenVds. a MaaiÍid? e icuánto tiempo pasanVds, en Málaga? d ;EstánVds. en un hotel? e iDónde van hoy paratomar el aperitivo? Í ;Van maiana también? s ;Y pasadomafiana? h ;TainbiéncomenVds. en el café? I ìTienenVds. Íamilia o amigosen Málaga? i iQué hacen Vds. despuésde la siestasi no visitan a amigos? 5 Ricardoasksyou about your holiday plansfor the summer. Completethe dialogue,following the guidelinesfor your replies. Rlcado evaVd, de vacacionesestêafro? a You &y yes,Wu're going to Santandear nd Madúd- RlcaÍdo lQuóbient,iva a Espanal,Y cuándova? b You SdyW're golng on 20 JulY. RlcaÍdo üY cuánlosdÍaspasaVd. en SantandoÍ? c You Sayyou're spendingtên daysin Sdn'F,ndearnclthèn (dsspués)),ougo to Madrd. Rlcârdo Entoncesv,a a Madridel dÍa31. d You gy Ws,aN you'resPendingfMedaysin Madid with your ftíends. Ricardo CTomaVd. el aviónpaÍa ir de Santandera Madrid? o You Sayno,Youle Eklng the trã,in. Ricardo Bion,ibuenasvacacionesl Lectura Viaiaren EspafraTravellinign Spain De Madrid sepuedetomar el tren o el autobúsa todaspanesde EspafraT. ambiénsepuedeir en avión a Barcelonaa, Valencia,a Santiagode Compoótela,a Bilbao, etc. El avión es másrápido de Iberia que va a -pmeruocheal smcaápsitacalerso.deEspreolvsinecrivaic\" ioElnasecirovnicaiol internacional va a Sudaméricã, a la América Central y a muchas capitales de

Europa, También en iunio, iulio y agosto hay muchos vuelos charter para los turistas quevan a Málaga, a Valencia,a Gerona y a Alicante. El turismo es una industria importante pâra Esoaia. €l avlón tltÉ Hane 3€ puedê tomar onecan úalr(€ one@n go 3€ pu€d9 lr flight el vuelo Wvir@idcapiw la capltal d€ provlncla paft cleariêx,€/nsive la paÍte cam Documentonúmero6 SERVICIOEXPR,ES Auto Resis a long-distance lmucErNt|Jt vtar:sNr,|sttot bus company.They ofÍer a sErvoostSftdar.ÊsDCwJo, special lurury seruice to provincial cities, and they Y Rt S EXFtDtCtOô&tdrmrt say they they are faster, safer andmore comfortabb DCIDC A! than atry other means of road transport that you c4n 'IIADTD choose. YAI.ÊNCI,A gAI.AflANCA Look in the Docrrnento for the Spanishfor úe phrases IADAJOZ in italics in the second sentenceabove. Diario is a CACÉNÉ3 useful word, meaning daih. zamona CUËNCA B:I{AVÌNlÊ m^l r rEo6, m 3 ooÍtrooot Y 3Ecttog ot t cu tolj|Er otro nF|o DE Ìn^l|stovD.rpPuE(nmcãtlIncEttlEta o|,l

Actividad 6 Combine one phrase Írom each column to make eight sensiblesentences. Para visitar las el tren, el avión, capitalesde provincia o el autobús Paraun alxritivo alqúlar un vuelo charter la siesta Para ir a Barcelona n a un tesÌatuante Para ir a Gerona en agosto Para pasar un mes sepuede tomar unvudoirmucirnal en Mâlaga dormir de IBEPJA Para visitar rm prso Venezuela Para comer un coche un gin-tonic Para [a digestión despuésde comer .Wegive the eight most likely versionsin the Key. SelÍ-evaluation Check your understanding oÍ Unit 6, before proceedingto Unit 7, by making sure you can do the Íollowing: I Count backwardsfrom 31 to 21. 2 Recite the months of the year. 3 Give today's date. 4 Ask the way to the úeatre. 5 Ask if people speakEnglish here. 6 Saythat one can take a bus to the station (la estación). 7 Saythat there are five flights every day. 8 Saythat you spend a month in Spain every year.

o oq,=-t. I 0) I 9) CqIII tLGqCqIt)L a 9) of _ oooo_ 9)ocã õ U) In thb unlt !ro{rwill l€am . to tâlk âboú aÍÍMng and lea\\ring . to t6ll thEtime anddays of ths we€k . to talk aboutdates . numbêÌ33il-199

Languagepoint Cl í ttúmeros32-190 Now you know numbers up to 31, there are not maÍry more words to leam associatedwith couting. Here is a complete list of the 'tens': 20 veinte 60 sesenta 30 tÍeinta 70 setenta 40 cuarenta 50 cincuenta 80 ochenta 90 .noventa For the numbers in between,the principle of adding y and any oúer number you need applies all the way through Írom 30 to 90,e,g.: 33 treinta y tres 58 cincuenta y ocho 71 setentay uno 99 noventa y nueve 100 is cien iÍ it standsby itself, ciento if it is followed by another lessernumber. For example: 100 cien 101 cientouno 110 cientodiez 122 ciento veintidós 137 ciento treinta y siete Note the difference betweenthe English 137 - one hundred and thirty-seum - andthe Spanish- ciento tÍeinta y siete.Ín Spanish the y only occurs betweenúe tens and the units. We won't deal now with the plural hundreds (seeUnit 12) but the following will enableyou to give current datesin full. To give úe year, string úe numbers together starting with mil. Soúe yearsoÍ úe 1990sarer 1991 mil novecientosnoventay uno 1992 mil novecientosnoventav dos etc. until we reach 1999 mil novecientosnoventa y nueve ïhen from úe year 2000, úe date starts with dos nil rather than mil:

2000 dosmil 2001 dosmil uno 2002 dosmil dos,etc. Spanish numbers are very straightforward and logical, It is worth mâking a special effort to leam them really well, as numbers are essential v/h€n travelling in a Spanish-speaking country for shopping, travel times, dâtes ând so on, Practise them until you are fluent by, for example, thinking of the prices in Spanishwhen you are shopping, working out train times, etc. Dz oaysofthewêek Iook at this calendar: JULIO MM JV SD 1 23 45 6 910 lt 12 /ó 16 l7 18 19 |J t4 15 23 24 25 26 2t 22 30 31 20 28 29 27 The week in Spain is always counted from Monday, so the abbreüations along the top for the days of the week - los días de la semana- stan wiú that day. Although the abbreviations are in capitals, daysof the week, like months, are always written wiú a small letter: lunê6 Mon&y tur'€€ tuiday maítes Ïuesday sábado Satu/day miércofoe Wedrcsd€y domingo Sunday luer€Ê natday DS aen quódía?èEnquéfecha? Onwhat dayldate? To say that a certain day falls on a certain date, or vice versa, you needa new verb: caet to fall.

Look at theseexamples: ;En qué úa de la semana On uhat day of the uteek caeel dieciséis? doesthe sìxtemth fall? Caeen un iueves, It fdlls on d Thursday, iEn qué fechascaen On what datesdo the los domingos en iuìio? Sundaysin luly fallì Caen en el cinco, el doce,él They fall.on the Sth, diecinuevey el veintiséis. 72th, 79th dnd 26th. Caer also means to fall in the usual sense,and goes like this ínotethe odd 'I' form): êaigo I fau caemos wo fal, cae helshe/ltfa s, you fall caen thaylwu bl.) b Actividades f,l 1 Fro- úe .\"lendar on page55' answeÍ thesequestions on the sâmepâttern. a ;En qué día de la semanacaeel veintiuno? b ;En qué día caeel treinta Y uno? e iEn {ué fechacaeel primer domingo (t e first Sunday\\ del mes? d ;Y el último domingoì 1,..the lastSundayl e tEn qué Íechascaenlos sábadosen luüo? t ;En quédía caeel veintisiete? c Èl qoin.. de julio es el cumpleafios de Isabel - len qué día caeesteaio? h En iulio, iel trececaeen martes? Ëachline oÍ the grid representsoneof úe daysoÍ úe week,but úey must be enieredú a certainorder to reveal,in colunm .{ úe'narne oÍ oíe oÍ úe months.Vhich day goesin which one, and which month is it?

Languagepoint 4 4Quéhora es? Whattimeis it? The twenty-four hour clock is used in official timetables, but not in everyday conversation. The usual way oÍ asking and giving the time is shown in the following examples: iQué hora es? Esla una, 1.00 ;Qué hora es? Esla una y media, 1.30 1.45 Sonlasdos menoscuarto, 2.00 Sonlasdos. 2.15, erc. Sonlasdosy cuarto. Practisesayingtimes in Spanishto yourself in the courseof your daily routine, wheneveryou refer to a clock. To summarüe, here is a chart from which you can construct all úe times you will neeo: Es la una clnco Sonlas dos üez Son las tres cuâtto Son las cuatro Son las cinco velltte Sonlas seis Son las siete veinticinco Son las ocho media Son las nueve Son las diez veinticinco Son las once velnte Son las doce cuârto üez clnco ïb make things quite cleaqyou can add de la maãana (lit. of the momingl for times up till noon, de la tarde for the afternoon and early evening,and de la noúe for 9pm, 10pm, llpm, and 12pm.

For example: Sonlas seisde la maõana. Sonlas seisy mediade la tarde. Sonlasdiezde la maíana. Sonlasdiezde la noche. Notice úe differencebetweenesla una and sonlasdos.I7e also say, of course, son las tres, son las cuatro, etc, Do not confuse aatro (fourl with cuarto la quarterl. A quarter to four, and a quarter past four will be las cuatro menos cuaÍto, las cuatro y cuarto. Practisesayingthese, Cloiátogo Isabel habla con el seãorOrtega de suviaie a Edimburgo.lsabel talks to Mn Ortega about her trip to Edinburgh. Listento (or read)the dialogueat leasttwice,taking careÍulnote of how Isabelsayswhen things will happen. Sr. Ortega ôQuódÍavaVd.a Edimburgoú?ElmaÍtes? lsabêl No.Mârtêseseldíatrecs.iNoss pued6irenaviónlos martesy trècêlVoyel miércoless,l día14. Sn Ort69a èAquéhorasalesl vuelo? lsabel Esêl vuêlolB 649.Saledo Madrida lasdocey media y llêgaa.Edimburgao lastrssde latarde. Sr. Ortoga lsabel eTieneamigosên Edimburgo? SÍ. Conozcoa un malÍimonioJ, anêy Paul.Janêes Sr. Ortaga amigamíay va al aeropuerÌo.Dèspuósvãmoslas dos lsab€l a gu casa. Sr: Ortega Y ücuándovuêÌvea Madrid? Voy a pasaÍunasêmanacon ollos,y dêspuéspaso cuaÌrodÍason LondrssV. uêlvoa Madridel vêintiséis de junio. Esunavacaciónbonita.iBuenviaiel

€l ü4o joÍln€y €l avlón pranê sâflÍ (salel to l6É.w(t le€lvos) ffcgs0fsga) to aÍive (t anives) €l âmlgo ltteÍrd colìocsr (conozcol to kbw (l laow) un múlmonlo a manledcoupE bonllo nice,pratty buonvfafs 'bn vowe', h{e a gpodjoumey I fS\"O\"fis sup6Ístlüous- she avoids travellingon Tuesdaythê 13th,the equivalentof our Fridaythe l3th. A SpanishproveÌbsays ïloce y mart€s nf to cas€g ni te embatqueÉ(OnTuesdaythe 13th neifiet get nanied nor boarda shipl. Languagepoint 5 Howto say'l know' Here is an important point. Notice Isabel says conozco a ur matrimonio, I knout a matied couple. Conozco (verb conocer) is I hnout in úe sense of being acquainted wiú, knowing people, places, books, etc. ïb say I knou oÍ frcts you use sé from the verb saber.For example: No séqué hora es. I don't bwt uhat thetime is. ;SabeVd. cuántoshabitantes Do you know how many tiene Madrid? No estoy inhabiunts Madrid has? seguro,ïrero séque hay I'm not sure, but I know más de tres millones. there dre fltofe than three million. Actividades 3 Read úe following statementsand mark whether úey are verdadero true (this has the same meaning as verdad) or Íalso (fakel . a Isabel va a Edimburgo el día trece. VnFn b Su vuelo salea las doce y media. nn c Llega a Edimburgo a las tres, !E d Isabel no tiene amigos en Edimburgo. e Va a pasar una semanaen Edimburgo. nn nn

Í Cuando salede Edimburgo, va a Londres, n! E Janey Paul no estáncasados. h En Edimburgo, Isabel va a un hotel. ntr I Isabelno essupersticiosa. !tr i Edimburgo esla capital de Escocia. tr! ún 4 Use the Iberia timetable reproduced below to answer the following quesúonsin Spanish. IBERIANSEtlS, UMMESRCHEDULES HEATHROWIIASDERRIDVICE DAIL(YExctpStun) 18603 Dop An DCgC/Y 0730 1m0 AirbuFsIC|Y DAILY 18601 1í45 1445 1525 1825 8727CN DAILY 19607 1900 Airb$F/C/Y 2030 NN AirhtsF/C/Y DAIL(YExceMpton) 18605 2330 MononU 186$ MADRID/}IEATHSREROVWICE Dop ArÍ IB6M 0920 1m0 AirbrFF/C/Y DAILY 19606 1305 1415 872C7 N AióusF/C/Y DAILY AirüuFs/C/Y DAIL(YExceMpton) 18604 1705 18í5 DCCg /Y lBS4 1805 19í5 Mononly DAIL(YExc€Sptat) 18602 1955 2105 a ;Cuándo saleel vuelo 18605 de Heathrow los lunes? b icuándo sale el vuelo 18605 de Heathrow los otros días la semana? c 1Cuándollega el vuelo 18607 a Madrid? d lCuándo saleel vuelo 18600de Madrid? e ;Cuándo llega el vuelo 18602 a Heathrow? f ;Cuándo llega el vuelo 18606 a Heathrow? You have now covered a gteat deal of mateÍiâl úat will be indispensableon your trip to Spain and in conversation with

Spanish friends or colleagues, You can say when úings will happen, describe things and people and say where they âÍe, enqúre after people'shealth and do many other usefi 'language tasks' in Spanish. The following Self-evaluation is longer úan usual and is intended to help you check that you have understood and rememberedsome oÍ the main points that we have covered so far, lnok back at the relevant unit iÍ you find that you have forgotten something. The questions are all personal to you (hence peguntas impertinentes, impertinent quesüonsl so we cannot give the answersin the Key. Self-evaluationi:mpertinentquestions o gCómo se llama Vd.? ;Es Vd. inglés (inglesa)?;Habla Vd. esoafrol? ;Habla Vd, francés? ;RstáVd. casado(casada)o soltero(soltera)? iEs Vd. comunista, socialista, socialdemócrata,liberal, conservador o fascista? ;Qué haceVd.? ;Dónde trabajaVd.? ;Es Vd. millonario? iNo tiene Vd. mucho dinero? ;Dónde vive Vd.? ;Vive Vd. en una casao un piso? gCómo es,grande o pequeio? gCuántaspersonashay en su Íamilia? ;Quiénesson,y cómo sellaman? gTieneuna fotograffa de su farnilia? ;Tiene Vd, un coche?iEs necesarioun coche para Vd.? lNo son convenienteslos taxis para Vd.? ;Es de Vd. este libro de espaflol? gEsinteresanteestelibro? iTrabaia Vd, mucho con estelibro? ;Va Vd. mucho a Fxpaía?iPor qué?(;Por quéno?) ;Va Vd. a Espaía para trabafaro para pasarlasvacaciones?;En qué rnesva Vd, de vacacionesÌ ;Cómo va Vd. de vacaciones- en tren, en coche, en autobús o en avión? ;SaleVd. de casatodos los días?;A qué horaì ;A qué hora llegaVd. a casa? ;Qué hora esen estemomento? ;Qué día es?;Qué Íecha es? gCuándoessu cumpleaíos? 1Ès Vd. supersticioso (supersticiosa)ì iRstá Vd. contento (contenta)? iEstá Vd. preparado (preparada) a estudiâÌ Unit 8?

If you scored well, congratulations - all you need to do is practise a bit more on those areas where you found úe test difficult by listening to or reading the relevant dialogues, checking úe Language point(s) sections and making sure you can produce the phrases yourself; then proceed to Unit 8. If you found it difficult, it would be worú renrrning to úe units that covered the material you found problematic and practising by redoing a Íew exercises.Perhapsyou should go a linle more slowly and make more úorough useof úe Key every time you havecompleted an exerciseto make sureyou've really mastered one set of information before rnoving on to the next. Rememberthat it's important to take every opportunity to tâlk to and listen to native Spanishspeakers,as úis is úe best way to improve your own âccent,fluency ând confidence.Once you have really understood the basics,a few spoken mistakes will not prevent you from being understood and communicating successfullywiú a Spanish speaker.Àlso make sure that you make úe most of this course by Íollowing the study guidelines on how to learn, given in the introduction, adapting them if you prefer to suit úe way in which you learn most easily.

á= oxcoL ?Eg çgõoõa'< In this unit you wlll lsaÍn . to saywhat you ìrvouldlikg . to saywhat you nêêd . to buy iickots

Languagepoint I Verbgnoupe In Unit 6, we referred to the form of a verb known as úe inÍinitive - the dictionary entry or 'name' of the verb, usually úe form wiú to in English. to speak, to edt, to liue, etc.In Spanish these forms will be words ending in -ar (e,g. hólar), -er (e.9. comer), or -ir (e.g, viviÍ). You will already have realized tüat Spanish works by changrng the ending of these words to indicate who is doing the action. Thus for I úe ending will nearly always be -o (e.g.hablo, I speak;,cnmo, I eal and vivo, I liuel. T:heexceptionsto this are given below. For oúer persons - he, she, you, ute, they - the endings are similar to eachother but have a characteristic vowel, âs you can see: I -ar -6r ìr hel$elwyou (Vd.) como viva hablQ comg we úvo AÊylyou(Vds.) habla comellgg üúnoas com@ viven hablamos hablan There are, howeveqlots of oddities and irregularities, so it's best to learn verb forms as you go along - we will point out important deviations from úe pattern es úey occur. For example,you already know most of the verbs which do not end, in -o to indicateI. They aresoy,I am; estoy,I an;voy, I go; sê, I knout and doy, I giue. DDiálogoI Paco's father, Mr. Ruiz, is buying a plane ticket for a trip to Madrid to visit his son. Listen to (or read) his conversationwith úe lady at lberia, and notice how he says what he needsor wânts. SÍ. Rulz Nècêsltoun blllêteparaMaddd,paraelluev€s. S€fioÍlta eQulereVd. un billetede ida y wdta o de ida sólo? Sr Rulz OuieÍounode ida y vuêltâ,por Íavor. S€rõoÍlta üA qué horaquieÍ€salií Sr. Rulz Necesitoostarên MadÍida lastrês dê la taÍde. S€ãorlta Hay un vuelo quê sale a las docê y cuarto,y llogaa la unade latâíde.

Sr.Rulz Muy blèn.èQuierehacerla Í€sêÍva,por Íavon SeõoÌlta Puesson nov€ntay soiseuros. Sr Ruiz QuisiêÍapagarcon Vlsa, S€fioÌlta No hayproblema.{,Nec€sitaVd. algomás? SÍ.Fuiz No,gracias. sâlir úo/eaye hacf,J to maka,do un bflleto de lda y vrolla a rctum tickat un biff6te do ida sólo singlèticl<et n€c€sltaÌ lo neod nooeslto €star en Mactttd I needto be in Maúid équfeF hac€r fa Ì€seìya? wouldWu ïpb tl?Ëtw atidl? qusràr fo wish,want,love ln€eeslta Vd. algo m&? do you na€danythingdse? . qubierâ onqrar I would lil<eto pay Languagepoints 2 Quiero,.. Iwant... Vith quiero you can simply useúe name of whatever item it is that you want, as in the following examples: Quiero un café. I utant a coffee. Quiero estelibro. I utant this book. Quiero dosentÌâdas. I utant iwo tickets, However, you might needto saythat you wânt to do someúing or áe something as in theseexamples: Quiero tonrar un aperitivo. I uant to hauean apeiüf. Qüero hablar espaiol. I uant to speahSpankh. Hoy qúero estaren casa. Todcy I uant to beat home. The verb that follows quiero in each of thesesentencesis in the 'infinitive' form. Quiero can be usedwith re{erenceto a person (though you also hâve to insert the little word a before the name). but in úis context it meansf loue ... .For examplez Quiero rnucho a rnis padres. I louemy parmts uerymuch. La Sra. Méndez quiere a Mrs. Mêndez louesher su marido. husband.

3 Quisiera... l'd like... In English there is a difference in tone between the straightforward I uant andI woald like, which is lessblunt and demanding. A similar difference exists in Spanish between quiero and qüsiera, For example: Quiero un café. I utant a coffee. Quisiera un café. I would lihe a coffee. Qúsiera hablar bien el I'd like to speak Spanish espaãol. utell. Howeve4 quiero is qúte acceptablein most circumstances,for examplewhen ordering in a restaurant(asyou will seein Unit 18). Note thât quisiera ends in -a wheúer it is used with I or helshelitlyou, 4 Necesito... I need... Necesito works in the sameway asquieto in that it can be used with a noun (the name of someúing or someone)or with the infinitive Íorm of a verb. Necesito un billete de ida I needa reüarnticket, y vuelta. Do you tued to trauel to iNecesitaVd. viajar a Zarugoza? Ztragoza? They needa czr. Necesitan un coche. Actividades 1 Here are someúings that Isabel needsto do in a busy day. Answer the questions for Isabel, saying you would like (quisiera) or you need (necesito)whatever it is at the time indicated in brackets.The fust one has beendone for you. a iCuándo necesita llegar a la oÍicina? 109001Necesin llegar a las nueue. b gA qué hora necesitaVd. salir?(0830) c gA qué hora quiereVd. llamar por teléfono?(1015) d ;Cuándo necesiahablar con el director?(1145) e ;A quéhora qúere Vd. comer?(1400) Í iCuándo qúere tornar un gih-tonic?(1330) E ;A qué hora necesitaVd. estaren casa?(1700) h iCuándo necesitair al dentistâ?(1730) I ;Paraqué hora quiereVd. lasentradas?(1930)

, (iP2a2ra30qu1é hora quiere hacet la reservaen el restaurante? k 1A qué hora necesitaVd. salir con el perro? (2400) Listen to (or read) Dialogue 1 again and respond wiú Verdadero or Falso to eachoÍ the statements, a El Sr.Ruiz quiere tomar el tren vF b Quiere un billete de ida sólo. nn c El vuelo salea las once horas. !n ! tr d Quiere ir a Madrid el iueves. e El Sr,Rúz no quiere una Íeserya, ü! Í El Sr,Ruiz dice que qúere pagar con nn su tarieta de crédito (uedìt cardl. n n c El avión llega a Madrid en tres cuanos n n de hora. tr ü h El Sr.Ruiz paga sesentaeuros. Documentonúmero7 ÍPürllu||tÍtrr*t | I ro{ Iul i nï ou, tt ns ruuç6; O z i ; i 6 õ i - f f i ï tt CdarÌr * lriÉ ,lrb !, 4krtg l(eaptÈ rardúd ttìr td @rrn LooÌ at the Spanishon úis Iberia boarding passand compare it wiú the English version. Try tüe questionson úe next pàge:

4 iPaÍâ qué fecha esel vuelo? b gQuénúmero tiene el asiento? c gEsde fumadores o no fumadores? d ;Es un vuelo Londres-Madrid o Madrid-Londres? C l D i á l o g o2 Listen to (or read) this short dialogue between Isabel and Ricardo. |3ab€l èQuóqulê€ Vd.- un té o un caÍé? RlcaÍdo Quieroun café. |3ab€l èCómolo quisre- soloo con lecho? FlcaÍdo Lo quierocon leche. |3âbsl Rlcardo ôQuiêÍsazúcaí? No.No quieroazúcar. aêómo lo qui€re? how do Wu wantit? lo quisro,.. I wantit... la l€che mk êl azúcâr sugaf Languagepoint 5 Lo/faquaerclwant it When instead of repeating the noun it is quicker and more natural to substitute it, Spanishdoes úis by inserting lo or la. Use lo if the reolacedword is masculine. and la if the reolaced word is femiriine.These becomelos aúd las (meanng'theml when they replaceplural words. Study the following examples: Necesito un billete para I nzeda ticket for Mtdrid. Madrid. !g necesitopara I nceditr for trauelling on viaiar el día 19. the 79th. Tengo dos entradas de I hauetuto theotre tickets. teatÍo. ilas qúere Vd,? Do you tuant lLw? Quisiera un té. !4 quisiera I shouldükesone ua ld.like con limón. itwith lemon.

Actividad 3 Choose lo, la, los or las to fill the gaps in the sentences below. I gCómo quiere Vd. el café - solo o con leche?_ quleto solo. b Quiero cuatro entradasde teatro. _ quisiera para el tueves. Necesitodos billetesparaMálaga._ quierodeida y vuelta. d ;Cómo quiereVd. el té - con lecheo con limón? _ quiero con limón. e ;Cómo quìere Vd. su aperitivo? _ quisiera con mu€na fonlca y poco gm. The languagein this shon unit is closely linked with that in the next. When you have checked your progress with the Self- evaluation below, go straight to Unit 9. SelÍ-evaluation Can you saythe following in SpanishÌ 1 I'd like a coffee. 2 I needto be in Madrid on Friday, 3 l7ould you make a reservation,please? 4 I needto be in the office for a meeting on the 17th. 5 I'm going to Paristomoffo\\ì/.The flight leavesat 10.15am. 6 I'd like two theatreticketsfor the 23rd. olease.

#rt(cI g$F Ro o Hã- ìk oõ' ln thb unit you will l€am . to exp|€ssa pEfsí€írcs . to savwhat you likô ând disllkê

Languagepoint 1 Me gusta ... I like... you say: IÍ you wish to sav: me gusta la música me..gustamucho el I like music I loue Scotch uthisky I adorethespanisphyrenees -üerl nPiirïiinfrelot\"espaiol In sayingne gusta la música what you havein fact said is rzzsic pleasesme and you can add mucho or muchísimo to express stronger degreesoÍ liking. So I liÈe is álways me.gusta or me gustan, according to wheúeÍ you like one thing or more than one.For example: Me gustael té con limón. Me gustair al cine. Me gusta el ane de Picasso. Me gustân los caÍésde Madrid. Me gustan los perros. Me gustan todas las óperasde Verdi, IÍ you didn't like thesethings, you would say: No me gusta el té con limón. No me gusta la música de Verdi. No me gustan los p€rros, etc. ClLectura La vida de Ios Méndez Thelife of MÍ and Mrs. Méndez La Sra. Méndez habla de su üda en Madü, Mrs. Méndez ulks about her life in Madrìd. Reador listentwiceto thisdescriptionof thelife of Mr. andMrs. Méndez in Madrid. Pay specialãttention to how Mrs. Méndez talkb about her own and her husband'slikes and dislikes. No me gustala vida modema.No me gustavivirên Madrid.Hay demasiadotráfico.Haydemasiadocsochosenla calle.Quisieravivir en Málagapero mi maridono qui6re.Mi maridoso llamaBenito. BênitoMéndêzOÍtigosaQ. uioromuchoa mimarido.Esunángsl.No Ìenemosmuchodinaroperoêstamosmuycontentos.A mi maÍidolê

gustaviviren Madrid.Dicequêês másanimado,másinteresanteL. o gustair âl cafécon losamigos.Hablande polÍticay de fútbol.A mí me gusta ir al cafó paÍa tomar un té o un chocolate. Mê gusta también lâ televisión. Pero hay d€masiadapolÍtica y demasiado Íútbol.Ms gustanlos ssÍiales.A mi maridono le gustan.Diceque son demasiadosêntimentales.PêÍo yo prêfiêro los sêÍiâlès a la polÍtica. lavrda lifa el dlnêÍo money aniÍ',ad,o lively demasiado,dêmasiada too, too much d€masiados,demasladas too many preÍêÍiÍ, prÊfiêro to preter,I prelel Languagepoint 2 Emphasis:likes and dislikes A common way of expressingemphasisin likes is: {_4q( me gustan los seriales. I like serials.My husband A mi rnarido no le gustan. doesnl. iA Vd. le gusta la política? Do you lihe politics? The words a mí, a mi marido, a Vd. are put in Íor emphasis.

Actividad 1 Fill in the gapsin the answersto the questions. ;Qué dicela Sra.Méndezde Madrid? a Dice que - vivir en Madrid. ;Qué dicede Málaga? b Dice que - vivir en Málaga. iQué dicede su marido? c Dice que le rnucho. d Dice que _ - _ Benito. e Dice quees f Dice que - - vivir en Madrid. iQué dice de ir a tomar chocolateì g Dice que_ ;Qué dice de la televisión? h Dice quehay_ _ . iQué dice de los serialesen la televisión? i;QDuéicediqcueee-l Sr,Méndezde los seriales? iileDgicuesqtâunea-l SÍ.Méndezlos seriales? k No. No Notice the word order of the last question. While úe English is simpler Does Mz. Méndez like (the) seriak? the Spanishliterally means to hirnlpledselto Mr. Méndezlthe serials? where to him and.to Mr. Méndez repeatúe sameúing. You will notice úis son of repetition often in úe lâter part of the book. It is châracteristic oÍ Soanish.You have seenit alreadv in a mí me gusta and a mi maïdo le gusta. Here a mí and me, a mi marido and le say the samething twice to give emphasisand clarity. Doiálogos Of course, evenif you like something you don't always want it. Look at úe following little dialogues: Diálogo í SefrorA èQuieÍêun café? Sêõor B No,gracias. Sofior A èNole gusta? 5ê60r B SÍ, mè gusta,pêÍo no mè apêteceahora.

Sofior A èLeapsteceun apsíitivo? Sefior B Sí meâpêt€ceun vêrmú. Diálogo2 Ricardo èQuie|€Vd. tomar algo? lsabol Sí. Gracias. Ricardo lsabsl óQuélê apotoce?a,Güisqugi,in-tonlcv, srmú? Rlcado No. No quieroalcohol.Mo apêtecôun té, si lo hay. lsab6l eLo prcÍierecon lecheo limón? Prêtierotó con lêchê,poÍ Íavor. apstscor (mè âpet€cr) to appêdl(lit.it appedsto ne) el vormú vêrmouth algo si lo hay sometárng if therêls onelsome Languagepoints 3 Me apêtece ... I feel like... Me apetecerneansI feel lihe ìt (lit. it appealsto rze) and works in iust the samewây as me gusta in that it can be used wiú a noun or a verb. No me apetecesalir I don't feel lihe going out. il-e apeteceun aperitivo? Do you feel like an aperitif? No le apetecetrabaiar Helshe doesnï feel like hov. uorking nday. I don't feel like going to the A mí no me apeteceir al cine, pero a mi amigo sí. chwa but ny frind does. 4 PreÍiero... I prefer... Notice that to prefer is preÍenr. I prefer is prefero anó helshe preferslyou prefer are prefiere, or Vd. prefiere, The vowels -ie- appear instead oÍ the -e- in the second syllable. They prefet is prefieren, b]utue prefer is pneferinos, without the -ie-. This is a conìmon pâttern in Spanish - olü new verb quiero, quiere, qúeren but queÍemos (infinitive querer) behavesin exactly the sameway. You will notice other examplesoÍ vowel changes,but iust learnthem asthey occur.

Actividades Cl 2 sp\"\"kingof coffeec, anyou: a say that you like itì b say that you prefer it wiú milkì c say that you don't want sugar? d say that you don't feel like one now? Speakingof tea, can you: e ask habel if shewants one? f ask her how shewants it? g ask her if shealways (siempre)prefers it with milk? h ask her if shedoesnt like tea with sugar? Speakingof alcoholic drinks, can you: i ask PacoiÍ he likes Spanishwines? i ask him if he prefers whisky or vermouú? k ask him iÍ he feelslike a gin and tonic? I ask him if he wants lemon in it? You are in a úoroughly bad mood and don't feel like doing any of the úings your friend suggests.Expressyour feelings as indicated in the squarebrackets after eachquestion. a ;Quiere ir al cine? [you dont feel like it] b lVamos al café para tomâr un chocolatet [you don't like chocolatel c ;Prefiere Vd. un gin-tonic? [no, you don't want a gin and tonicl d iQuierc ir a la ópera? [you don't like Verdib music] e iPrefiere salir en el coche?[you dont feel like it] f Entonces, ;quiere Vd. ir a casa?[yes, you feel like going homel Using úe information in Mrs. Méndez's description of life in Madrid, imagine úat you are Mr. Méndez and match the phraseson the left wiú those on the right to múe as many truthÍul sent€ncesas you qrn. A A mí no me gusta i hablar de iitbol. b A mi mujer le gusta tl vivir en Madrid. c A mí me gusta d A mi muler no le gusta tu el té. iv el chocolate. la vida moderna. vi la vida en Málaga. vll un serial. viii la política.

DocumentonúmeroI *PÀRÀDOR DE TURISÌ.íO* This café bill from the NrF. A-79855201 Parador at Salamanca has a lot oÍ information. You can rVÀ INCI,UIDO*GRACIAS* see the date and time, and that VAT is inclüded. (Value *SÂLAMANCA* Added Tax is IVA - Irnpuesto de Valor Aõadido.) Bollos y 08-04-03 15r50 c001 131 Sin(ilares) refers to the oastriesthat we ate. 4X €1,50 CAFE .6,00 4X e1.35 BOÍ,IOSY SrÌ.t ,5 ,4O cÀrÀ -11140€ Try thesequestions: a iCuánlo esun café? b lCuánto soncuatÍo cafés? lPara quéfechaesÌ d iA quéhora? Languagepoint 5 Expressinglikes and dislikes with gustar Finally in this unit, here is a summary of úis way of expressing your likes and dislikes (gustar and apetecerwork in exactly the sameway, so only gustar is givenhere).The examplesbelow also include úe pe and tlev forms. which vou havenot usedso far. M€gustael vino€spaóol. I nÊ SDÉ,tliswhine. Megustanlosvino6€spaitdos. t tl*BSparlst wires. Lôgustael üfio espa6ol. He/sl:€ülí€6y,o, u lilí€S@ish wine. fíels/p /tk€s,,,oufis qpsrÌArd, r,€s. Legustrn losünos ospafiolês. Welll€ S@nlshwlrp. Nosgustaêl vlno€€paffol. Nosgustanlosúnos €spafioles WèlilíeS@nishwiít€s- L€sgustael üno êspaiol, TheyllF€Spanlshwire, Lesgustanlosvlnosgspafiolgs, Ihey lili€Spanishwín*.

Rememberthat you can intensifu what you are saying in úis E) context by âdding muúo or muúísimo. ìl It helps to know that what you are really saying is that Spanish wine or wines pleaseme/him,/her/yoúuíthem. Liking things is Itl always expressedin this way (or disliking, if you placeno in tto9l l front). It is very eâsyonce you have practisedit a little. The l('l sameidealiesbehindother phraseswhich you will comeacross tteEl i lâÌer. ttã8l l One final point - if you are offered a choice but you have no particulâr pref€r€ncey, ou can say: l\"l Me da igual. lt's all the sameto me. ti lol [ej DocumentonúmeroI A travel agencyis advenising some cheap flights (a precios de raténtica ganga,at real bargain pricesl VIAJE a MALLORCA. MENORCA . TENERIFE GRAN CANARIA y LANZAROTE a Dreciosde auténtica GÁNGÁ OFERTAUMTTADÂENCAPACIOÂOY FECHASHAOASI' RES€RVÂEI{ VIÀ'E]SBARCELO MADRID Princesa3, (MetrcPza.Espaffa) Tel:(91)5591819 A DEHENARES Azuceno,1 (Edif.CuatroCoãas) Tel:(91)88851 63 TOIEDO C/ Uruguay4, (SantaTeres4 Tel:(925)25 1399

Try thesequestions: a ;Quiere Vd, ir a Mallorca? lSay,no, you don'tl b iO prefiereir a Gran Canaria?(Say,yes,you dol c gCuántocuestair a las islasBaleares? d ;Y cuántoa lasCanarias? e iDónde necesitahacer la reserva? Self-evaluation Can you do the Íollowing? 1 Sayyou like music, 2 Sayyou like flamenco music very much. 3 Sayyou do not like football. 4 Sayyou prefer classicalmusic (la música clásica). 5 Ask someoneif he/shelikes flamenco, 6 Ask someoneif he/shepreÍers flamenco or classicalmusic. 7 Say you vr'ant to go home becauseyou don't Íeel like doing any more work and you needa gin and tonic.

ottoo.t q) o ocot) f o9) oo og3) - o'+ .t ã qta ooI ln this unlt you wlll leam . to talk aboú pêÍsonal activiüessuchas washing and dÍêssing . to makeimpe|€onal statêínêntsâbout p€oplêin gBner€l

Languagepoint I (Me)favo lwash (myself) Many oÍ the things we do reÍlect on ourselves, i.e. they are personal activities such as getting up, going to bed, washing, dressing, sitting down, as well as personal feelings such as enjoying oneselÍ, or feeling ill or well. In these cases,Spanish uses the little words me (myselfl, se (himself herself, yourselflyourselues),and nos lourselvesl together wiú úe verb expressingúe action oÍ state. The little words usedin this way are called'ieflexive pronouns'. You have already seen an example in me llamo my n&ne is (lit. I call myselfl. Other examDlesare: me lavo I wash(myselfl Igaup me levanto I feelutell me siento bien I don't feeluell no me siento bien Pdco getsup at seuen. Pacoselevanta a las siete. La seíora Méndez siempre Mrs. Méndez aluays feels utell in Ìvfuilaga. sesientebien en Málaga. Weenjoy ourseluesa lot Nos divertimos mucho uthen üredre on holiday. cuando estamosde vacâcrones. Notice the difference betweenthe following two sentences: Lavo el cochetodos los domingos I uash the car on Sundays. Me lavo todos los días. I wash (i.e. nryselfl eueryday.

ClMonólogos MonólogoI Isabel habla de lo que Paco hace todas las maÃanas.Isabel describesuhat Paco doeseuerymorning. Pacose lêvântaa lâs siste. S€ lâvay s€ viste y sale de casa a las ocho mênosv6lntê.Va en coche a la oflclna.Llêgaâ las ocho,y s€ siênta inmsdiatamênt€para trabajar. 1.6gusta su trabaio, ïone compâôèÍosslmpáticosy sê êièntobienên el ambiôrúêdo la oficina. Notes Se viste means he gek dressed. El anbiente means the dtn osphereor the entironment. Notice se síente,he feels, and sesienta, he sitsdoum. The two verbs are very alike. Me siento can meân I feel or I sit. The frst is from senú, to feel, and the secondfrom siltaÍ. to seat oÍ sit. Cl Monóloso2 Now Pacogivesyou the sameinÍormation, speakingfor himself. Notice how úe verbschange- they will end in -o, of course(see Unit 8). Malovantoa lassiete.Me lavoy meüsto y salgodê casaa lasocho menosvêlntê. Voy ên coche a la oficina. Llêgo a las ocho, y me siento InmEdiatamêntopara tÌabajar. Mê gusta ml trabalo. Têngo compafieÍos simpáticos y mê siênto biên en êl ambientô d6 la oficina. Cl Monólogo3 Now Mrs. Méndez describes her morning routine and her husband's: B€nito y yo nos levantamostarde. No tonemos prisa poquê ml maÍido êstá lubllado y no trabaia. Nos lavamosy nos vestimosy salimosa la cdb a las doc€. Vamosal café y nos sôntamoseíì la teÌraza.NosgustasallÍtodos los dÍas. Notos Tener prisa meansto be in a huny. No tenemosprisa is ze're not in a hurry. Benito Méndez is reúed (iubilado). úrstead of saying nos lavarnos y nos vestimos, Mrs. Méndez could have said nos arreglamos,,we get ready. Arte$at is to arrange.IÍ yoa want to use it in the special senseof to atange onself, or get

read.y,you wotsld call the verb arreglarse.You put -seon úe end of an infinitive to show it is being usedin úis 'reflective' way. Hablat is to speak;hablarse is to talk to yourselfl Actividad 1 Ànswer thesequestionson the above little monologues: a iQué hacePacoa las.siete? b ;Y quéhaceinmediatamentedespués? c pA quéhora salede casa? d ;Qué hacecuandollegaa la oficina a las ocho? e ;Por qué sesientebien en el ambiente de la oÍicinaì f iÌos Méndezselevantana lassiete? g gPorquéno? h lQué hacenantesde salir?(antesde,beforc\\ i ;Qué hacencuandolleganal café? i iQué dicela seíora de salir todoslos días? Languagepoint 2 Se dice Onesays Anoúer hélpful useoÍ the little word seis whén you are talking about peoplein general.(Seealso Unit 6). For example,you might want to say: In Spain,onesays'buenosdías'. or In Spain,you (you in general)say'buenosdías'. or. In Spain,they (i.e.peoplein general)say'buenosdías'. All of thesearetranslatedby: En Espaãa,sedice 'buenosdías'. You have seenthis son of phrasebefore in: Sehabla espaíol. One speaks SpanishlSpanish S ép u e d e. . . ? spoken, May one.,,1or mayL,.? Notice the invaluable question iCómo sedice ... en Hooudo you say ... espaãol? in Spanish? Several verbs can be used in this way to ask about what is generally done. Here are somemore examples:

En Inglaterra, sebebe ln Enghnd, they drinh. más té oue café. ,nore tea than coffee. En Espaú, sebebe más In Spain, they drink more caféoueté. coffee than tea. En Ingiaterra, s€pagâ en ln Enghnd, one pays in librasestedinas, pounds ste ing. En Espafla,sepagâ en In Spdin, one pays irt eufos. eulos. En Inglaterra, secircula por ln England, you driue on la izquierda. En Espafra,seúcula por theleft. la derecha, In Spain, yot driae on the right. Notice; por la dereúa on the ight por la izquierda on the left Notice also nás ... que, more ... than. This invaluablelittle word que can meanutho, uthich, that ot than, tn a question lqlll,é?canme iuhich? or uhat? Qae cânnot b^enodm, itted, unlike uhich or that n English: El libro quetengo ... the book (whichlthat) I haue... Actividades 2 Look again at úe descriptions oÍ what Paco and Mrs. Méndez do every morning, Here are the answersthey give to your questions.Iíhat did you ask úem? a Paco: Me levanto a las siete. b Paco:A las ocho menosveinte, c Paco: Llego a las ocho, d Paco:Sí.Me gusta. e Paco: Porquetengo compafrerossimpáticos. i Sra. Méndez: Nos levantamosmuy tarde. s Sra. Méndezr Porque mi marido no trabaia. h Sra.Méndez:Porqueesú iubilado. I Sra.Méndez:A las doce. i Sra, Méndez: En la,terraza. 3 Chooseone of the phraseson the right to complete eachoÍ the sentencesstarted on úe left. a En Espâia, secircula i en la tetraza, ü por la derecha. iii a las doce.

b En Cataluôa i les gusta el té. ü no seentiendecatalán. c A las sietede la tarde iii viven los catalanes. i rne lavo. Los seiores Méndez se ii salgo de la oÍicina. levantan iii me visto. Pacosesiente bien en i tarde. la oficina porque ii en la oÍicina. iü despuésde vestirse. Í Cuando los sefiores i le gusta s€ntaÍse. Méndez van al café ii no le apeteceel trabaio. iii tiene compafferos simpáticos. i bebenun giiisqui. ii toman un chocolate. iii llegan a las cuatro. 4 Use severbs to saythât; a One has an aperitiÍ at 7pm. b One eatswell in Spain. c They speak Spanishwell in Burgos. d Peoplefeel happier at home than in the office. e One needsto work a lot. Í One goesout urith the dog every dây. c You may not pay by cheque. h In England, people drink more tea than wine. Í)ocumentonúmeroï0 Look at úe job advertisementopposite for a receptionist in a computer company lcomputing is inÍornática), Notice se oanpaá, helsheutill oc*py himselflhnself (secÍetarial work is also required) and serequiere, one rcqubes (úey want English and/or French with typing or preferably word-processingskills) and seofrece, oze offets.lnthe address,apârtado 6102 is a post office box nurnber. Vhat three things will the company offeÍ someonewiú these skills?

IMPORTANTEEMPRESADE INFORMÁTICA Solicita RECEPCIONISTA Se ocupará tambión de cieÌtas laboÍee de SecÍ€tariado S€Í€quiêr€: . lmpíescindiblienglésy/ofrancésparaatendorllamadas telefónicasen dichosidiomas. . Experienciean manejode máquinay meiorcon conocimientosde tratamientode t€)itossobÍe PC. . Edaddesdêl8 a 25 aõos. S€ ofÌêcè: . Contratolaboral. . lncorDoracióninmediata. . HoraÍiode 8,30a 13,30y de 14,30a 17,30. EscÍibir urgontemoÍte al apartado 6Í02, 2fl180MADRID,adjuntando CuÍÍiculum Vitaô con fotogratíâ Gmpr€€clndlbbl, ê indicando pr€tonsion€s€@nómlcas. R€Í.RECEPCIONISTA/8. Self-evaluation Can you do the following in Spanish? 1 SayPacois in a hurry. 2 Saywe are in a hurry. 3 Sayyou get dressedat 7am and go out at 8.30. 4 Saythat you have a good time on Saturdays. 5 Sayyou dont feel well, you want to return home. 6 Ask if it's possibleto pay wiú a credit card, 7 Saythat you get up late every Sunday. 8 Say that you dont like working in the office, becauseyour colleaguesare unpleasant.

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Beforeyou stan So far in úis book, in talking to another person, we have used the Íorms Vd. (usted) and Vds, (ustedes)for yoz. But Spanish, in common wiú French, Germar\\ Italian and other languages (but not English) has more úan one way of saying yoa. If you know a person well, or iÍ you want to talk to them informalln you addressúem as ú, not Vd. Tú is usedamong membersof a family, betweenfriends, when talking to children, and among young people generally.Its use is spreadingasthe old formality of Spanish liÍe gives place to a more relaxed style. Adults meeting eachother for the fust time in â pÍivate social function will often addresseachother asú. Soit is sometimesdifficult to know wheúer to use ú to a Spanishacquaintanceor Vd. If in doubt, keepto Vd. until your Spanishfriend usesú. It is better to be thought too formal úan too familiar, which is why we have sarted off by using Vd, But you may hear a much greater use of ú in Spain, if not in South and Central America, dependingon the social and agegroups you are miing in. This unit will give you some pÍâctice in the use of ú (and its plural vosotros). We shall do úis by meansoÍ re-working some of the material we have had in previous units, which will at úe sametime give you someusefirl revision before you move on to the secondpart of the book. Languagepoints I Saying'you': Vd.and tú Listen to, or readthÌough, úe following short exchanges,which we have adapted as necessaryfrom dialoguesyou have already seen.Henceforward it will be natural, asthey are young people, to talk to Pacoand Isabel asú (or iointly asvosotros). Mr. and Mrs, Méndez, howeve4 are an older and more old-fashioned couple, soit will be moÍe appropriate to continue to useVd. and Vds. when talking to úem, DFrom Unitr Soy el Sr.Méndez. Soy Paco. gQúén esVd? No. No soy Luisa. iQuién eres(tú)? Me llarno Isabel. iEres Luisa? icómo t€ llamas,pues?

0l rr-r, unltz lDe dónde eres,Paco? Soy de Madrid. gDe dónde eres,Isabel? Soy de Madrid también. ;De dónde sois, Isabel y Paco? Somosde Madrid. 0l rrcmunits ;Dóndevives,Isabel? üvo en la calle Almagro. ;Y dóndetrabaias? Trabajo en la calle María de Molina. 2 Srying tou arc' (1):Yd.es and Íú ercs Notice that ú you are talking to someoneasVd,, you use: €s vtvo tÍabaia but when addressingthem as tú, you use: eÍ€s vlv€s fabdas The formsusedwith ú alwaysendin -s.More exarrples: Dlr'or unn+ ;Córno estáVd., dofraAurora? Estoy bien, gracias,;y Vd.? Hola, Paco. 2Cómo estás? Rstoy bien, gracias, ;y tú? lEstás de vacaciones? Tirdavía no. Voy en lulio. 0l r-r untts Isabel, ;cuántos hermanos Tengo una hermana y dos tienes? hermanos. Paco, 1dóndetienestu coche? Está en la calle. No tengo 8ãÍ F. Isabel, itienes un coche para ti No. A mí me gustan los sola? tâxis. Drrom unite lCuándo vas a Santande4Paco? Voy el 5 de junio. ;Y cuándo vuelvesa Madrid? Vuelvo el 10 de iunio. 3 WordsÍor'you'and \\oufztít, ü, tu You will notice that when using nú to Paco or Isabel we úo haveto saytu coche (yow carl and para ti sola (/or you alonel.

4 Sayinglou are' @):rrosotrossois In all úe above, we have beenaddressingPaco or Isabel as ú. l,ook again at úe verb forms we have beenusing. But when we askedthem lointly where they were fronq we said: pDe dónde sois, Isabel y Paco? You use soiswhen talking to two people, or a group of people, wiú all of whom you are famüar, The word for yoz in this case is vosotros, replacing Vds. Look again at Actiüdad 4 in Unit 6, where we asked questions oÍ úe Méndez couple. If we knew úem well enough to use familiar Íorms of address,we should ask: ;Por qué esúis en Málaga? ;Cuándo volvéis a Madrid? pCúnto tiempo pasáisen Malaga? iEstáis en un hotel? iDónde vais hoy para tomar el aperitivo? ;También coméis en el café? gTenéisfamilia en Ìlíâlaga? ;Qué hacéisdespuésde la siestasi no visitáis a amigos? Read the above again, and compare with úe eadier version, noting the changeswe havehad to make in switching from Vds. to vosotÍos. Below is a tabulation of úese forms of somecommon verbs. Yd. ül vds YocoüoE es el€s 30n sois está €atás €stán esláls tienó ti€n€s tbnen tenáis sale sâlês sal€n salb va vas van vais You need not spenda lot oÍ time leaming úe plwal forms yet, as most conveÍsations aÍe one-to-one, raúer úan to pairs or groups, Concentrate on the tú forms for úe present. 0lFromunlts iQué quieres- un té o un cafr? Quieroun café. 1'Cómolo quieres- con leche? No. lo quierosolo.