ACE ENGLISH 6 GRAMMAR

N7 VNt t-7 Y-\\tz Z Complete these sentences with the passive forms of the verbs in lhe past perfect tense. t. Simran had been invited (invite) to the party but she did not come. 2. The mouth-watering snacks (made) by my mother. The guava tree in the garden (plant) by my grandfather when he was a young boy. 4. The answer sheets (check) by the examiner. Three catches (take) by the wicketkeeper. 6. The results of the test (collect) by Sahil. 7. The meeting (cancel) many days ago but I did not know about it. 8. The boy (praise) by the teacher. f^ Complete these sentences with the passive forms of the verbs in the present continuous tense. l. Look! The boys ere.hsilglhgjcgL (chase) by a cow. 2. A beautiful drawing (sketch) by Rachna. 3. The leaves (trim) by the gardener. The design (modify) by the creators of the software. The problem (deal) with by the authorities. The school magazine (print) this year. 7. Zahira's mother (accompany) home by my cousin. 8. The fire alarm (test) by the electricians. Complete these sentences with the passive forms of the verbs in the past continuous tense. L Poha was being made (make) in the kitchen this morning. 2. Rohan (help) by Farhan. Mayuri (hug) by her sister. The boys (punished) for their bad behaviour. 5. The violin (play) by Sujit. IIIIffiIIII

N 6. The car (service) at the garage. 7. A lecture (give) by the professor. 8. Customers (cneat, oy tne orsnonest snopkeeper. @ Change these sentences from the active voice to the passive voice. Say them aloud in class. (Oral Practice) '1. lchose this sweater. This sweater was chosen by me. 2. The young woman bought three sarrs. 3. The famous musician gave a concert. The policeman blew the whistle. 5. They bought the laptop at the trade fair. 6. They should give him an award. 7. Someone pushed me in the bus. 8. The instructor read out a lont list of dos and don'ts. Change these sentences from the passive voise to the active voice. Say them aloud in class. (Oral Practice) Ahana was congratulated by Suman. Suman congratulated Ahana. 2. The saplings were planted by our gardener. 3. The pakoras are going to be made by Susan. Those mangoes were eaten by insects. 5. This fan was donated by my grandfather. 6. The loan will be approved in a montn. 7. The president was elected by the people. 8. The thief was chased by the residents. rIII 95 III

\\^lllv u 20 Subject-Verb Agreement Read these sentences. ' Jaya and Jenny are in my class. . The cows are grazing in the field. We know that the verb in a sentence must agree with the subject in number and -iperson. This means that singular subjects take singular verbs and plural subjects take plural verbs. . I am excitedl . You are my partner. . Reena is on her way. . He is sleepy. . The horse is black. . We are friends. When two or more subjects are joined by and we use a plural verb. . Vera and Rita are sisters. When two or more subjects are joined by or or nor, the verb agrees with the final subject. . here. .Neither Dona nor her sister is Neither Dona nor her friends are here. We use singular or plural verbs with collective nouns, depending on therr use in the sentence. . The audience is limited to 75. (The audience seen as a whole.) . The audience are getting restless. (The audience seen as a collection of individual people.) We use singular verbs with nouns that look plural in form, but are singular in meaning. . The news was interesting. . The pair of scissors is sharp. We use singular verbs when two subjects joined by and are seen as one unit. lf two subjects together express one single idea, the verb will be in the singular. . Sambar and rice is his favourite food. . Slow and steady wins the race. IIII 96 III

\\--Lvro We use singular verbs wasitheamcha,neyvienrdye, fsinoimteepornoen,onuonsonthea, tanaryeonsein,geuvlaerryinonfoer,manadn-d-so on. plural in meaning such . Nobody is allowed to stay back after school. . Somebodyis singing. . Everyone is present today. Words like some, any, all, most, and so on, may be singular or plural depending on their use in a sentence. They take a singular verb when they refer Lo one person or a part of something. . Some of the work is pending. . Some ofthe studentsare absent. . All ofthe riceis over. . All ofmyfriendswere here. Write the correct forms of the verbs in the brackets to suit the given nouns or Pronouns. t. Timothy thinks (think) 2. T--^ 3. Anna and Arnie (play) 4. N eithe r George nor I (have) 5. Geography (be) 6. Most of them (be) 7. Everybody (want) B. Each of rnem (like) Complete these sentences with the correct forms of the verbs in the brackets. t. Many kinds of trees grqyr Grow) in this forest. 2. ldli and sambar (be) my favourite food. 3. The girl and her parents (want) to have ice creams. 4. Neither the adult nor the child (know) what to do. 5. No coffee or sandwiches (be) auailable at this time. 6. The teacher and her students _ (plan) to brine out a magazine. 7 ,All my friends (go) to the same school. B. The committee (be) having a meeting to discuss the issue. IIII rI97

Circle the correct forms of the verb that agrees with the indefinite pronouns in these sentences, t. Each member of the familyQgj/ have gathered together for the celebration. z. Someone was / were trying to break the lock. 3. All the animals in the zoo was / were well taken care of. 4. Everyone appreciate / appreciates Arnavt pdems. 5. lf anything happen / happens, she won't forgive me. 6. Nothing has / have been kept back in its place after use. @ Correct the verbs that do not agree with their subjects. t. One of the lambs rvere bleating all night. na.g z. No one wishes to miss the oicnic. 5. Everyone want to take part in the school play. 4. Anyone who wish to participate will havetofill outtheform. 5. Something is wrong with the washing machine. 6. Does anyone knows how to make apple sauce? 7. Someone have left the light on. 8. Nothing was done about my complaint to the bank manager yesterday. Complete these sentences in your own words and make sure that the verb in the brackets agrees with the indefinite pronouns. (Oral Practice) l. Each of the girls (look) looks neat and tidv. Everyone (be) No one (have) Every one of them (desire) 5. Anyone who (want) Something (have) IIIIhllisLuiIIII

\\,,ffi\\v v &,.^-v 21 Adverbs Read these sentences. . The children played merrily. . He came to my house yesterday. . The coin is very rare. The words in bold are adverbs. We know that an adverb is used to modifv a verb. an adjective or another adverb. This table shows us how to use the different kinds of adverbs. Kind of Adverb Use Answers the Example question adverb of manner tells us how ' I fold my clothes adverb of time something is done how? tells us when when? neatly. adverb of place something . Tim reached home ha ppens where? adverb of tells us where late yesterday. frequency something how often? adverb of degree ha ppens how much? .lt is raining tells us how often someth ing occurs outside. tells us how much or now comPtete . Jane is rarely late. an action is . lam extremely sorry. o Underline the adverbs in these sentences and say what kind they are. L Let's go upstairs now. qqlverb of p ace 2. The soldiers marched steadily down the street. 3. My cousins usually send me a birthday card every year. 99

\\^-r.vn .n 4. Rashmi dialled the number and the ambulance arrived immediately. 5. We were allotted a place in the new office yesterday. 6. We were happily riding our bicycles along the street. 1 My rroLl-e, ard I ra.ely go to ll.e shop be'ide our hou\"e. B. Sally found an old yellowing envelope underneath the box. 9. Paul has recently been offered a promotion. lo. We are going out for dinner. Adiectives and Adverbs We know that adjeqtives are used to modify nouns and pronouns and adverbs are used to modify verbs, adjectives or adverbs. There are many words that are used as both adverbs and adjectives. . Father came home early. (adverb, modifies the verb came) . Father is an early riser. (adjective, modifies the noun riser) o ldentify the words in bold as adverbs or adjectives. 'i. Aniali is a fast runner adiective z. Mrs Rao left because she was getting late. 3. We found the maths exercise very difficult. 4. Sumit hit the ballhard. 5. We need a long rope. 6. We are given weekly assignments. Formation of Adverbs We add Jy to adjectives to form most adverbs of manner. . quick ) quickly . sweet ) sweetly When ihe adjective ends in qonsonant + y, we change y into i and add Jy. . happy ) happily . )heavy heavily rIII IIIr00

L-ffiLv v L^J When the adjective ends in e, we leave out the e and add Jy. i . simple ) simply . double ) doubly When the adjective ends in -ic, we add ally. . basic ) basically . drastic ) drastically Complete these sentences with the adverb forms of the adjectives in the box. calm angry specific hopeful elegant melodious absolute rucKy Vinod looked hopefullv at his father nothing valuable was stolen from the house. Au.r Bo\"l.r is \" -aled. 5he i. spe\"l ing .o The children were exhausted after spending two hours on the beach. The dancer moved across the floor What did she teilyou, ? Please repeat every word. fle listened to the discussion and then put forward his ideas. The choir sang at the concert. Positions of Adverbs '.: This table shows -us where the different kinds of adverbs are usually placed in sentences. Kind of adverb Position Example Adverlo of end They ran quickly. They quickly ran to the shop to manner middle (if the adverb is not the buy some things. most important part of the clause Adverb of time or if the object is very long) I have a lot of work to do today. end . Today, I will visit the dentist. beginning (if we want to emphasise the adverb) 101

q-L! Adverb of place middle (especially in writing) . The wind roared outside. beginning Adverb of middle ' Outside, the wind roared. frequency . Sometimes, I lie awake at night. middle . I usually wake up ear Adverb of degree . We so to the park sometimes. ' I am yery excited. . I asree with vou complete Insert the adverb in the brackets in the correct position in these sentences. Indicate where more than one is possible, t. Tapan aimed well but missed the wastepaper basket. (entirely) /Taoan aimed well but missed the wasteoaoer basket entirelv Tapan aimed well but entirely missed the wastepaper basket. z. I collided with the old woman going in the opposite direction. (nearryT :. We will besendingoutall the New Yea r greetings ca rds. (tomorrow) 4. Our parents are there when we need them, (always) 5. Nellie changed herjob. (recently) 6. Mehul comes to work on time these days. (seldom) 7. lwas feeling ill and wanted to see the doctor. (immediately) 8. He can do better at school. (obviously) ITII [M. -III

\\^aLv Y l\"^-v 22 Gomparison of Adverbs Read these sentences. ' Mubina works harder than Mahira. ' Mahira works hard. . Moyna works the hardest of them arr. We know that we can use adverbs to make comparisons. Adverbs also have degrees of comparison like adjectives. We use adverbs in the positive, comparative and superlative degrees. This table shows us how to change adverbs in the positive form to the comparative and superlative forms. Positive degree Comparative degree Superlative degree aqo -er add -est one-syllable adverbs . soon 'sooner 'soonest . fast 'faster 'fastest aqq more add most most adverbs . more quietly . most quietly . quietly . more sweetly . sweetly . most sweetly exceptron . earlier earliest 'early 'better . best irregular adverbs t worse 'worst ' most 'weil 'more .least . oaory 'less . farthest / furthest . farther/further 'much .little .lar We use than with the adverb in the comparative form when we mention the second person or thing. IINI 103

\\--r.N ^.^L--^ ' Sudha runs faster than Ravi. ' Tina works more quickly than Rajiv We do not use more or most with the -er or -est ending. ' The parcel was delivered more sooner than expected. x ' /The parcel was delivered sooner than expected. Gl Complete this table with the correct forms o{ the adverbs. - later latest more ca tml 4. freel most quickl @ Complete these sentences with the correct comparative or superlative forms of the adverbs in the box. t. Jalsa dances llglqsracefully than Aarti. 2. You need to push the door 3. Bhavesh speaks the English in the class. rson wno runs tne will win the race. is very generous, but at times he spends his money than he should. 6. Zubair does his work than Roohi. 7. Paresh made the vase the of all the potters. B. We walked than ihe rest of the group. II-T 104 rliLr.lsljlll

Complete these sentences with the correct comparative or superlative adverb form of the adjectives in the brackets. t. Divya speaks English more confidentlv (confident) now than she did last year. 2- Sushma greeted me the (polite) of all. 3. She smiled (happy) on her birthday. 4- Could you write (clear)? Aeroplanes fly (high) than birds. 6. The new mechanic checked the car (thorough) than the old mechanic. 7. Our team played the (bad) of all the teams. 8. My brother can swim many laps (easy) than I can. TITTEIII

Complete these sentences with the simple present tense forms of the verbs in the brackets. '1. lvly father cooking dinner for the family. (enjoy) 2. Shrila and Pinky for singing classes together. (go) 3. Ms Bose, our Science teacher, the school magazine every year. (ed t) 4. tYty molner oTIen lullabies to my younger sisier (sing) 5. tne ous for Mussoorie tomorrow morning. (leave) Complete these sentences with the simple past tense forms of the verbs in the brackets. r. l- (see) Mita at the bus-stop while I was crossing the road. z. My friend (call) me to ask about homework. 3. We (buy) mangoes from the vendor. 4. | Parag for the first time last week. 5. We - (wait) for our friends. (f C-omnlete these sentences with will along with the verbs in the brackets. t. H-e(_meet) (contact) you as soon as possible. 2. We _- (spend) the summer holidays in Assam this year. :. lthinkl-(visit) my grandfather sometime nextweek. 4. The Mewar Express (depart) for Udaipur in the next ten minutes. 5. l- (join) a coaching institute for tuition in Maths. ff Complete these sentences using the verbs in brackets in the present - continuous or pa-st continuous tenses. L R\"j (wave) his bat. He looks happy. 2. Ranjit (plucking) flowers from the park when the guard stopped him. 106

_3. The stadium was packed and the crowd (shout). _4. Yesterday, they (repair) the road near our house. _5. Sohini is in her room. She (try) to solve the mathssums without a calculator. Correct the mistakes in the use of the present perfect tense in these sentences. i. We have always loving lndian fooa. z. They have not finish their discussion on road safety measures. 3. I have visiting Maduraiseveral trmes. 4. He have search the bookshelffor books by Agatha Christie. 5. She has know me since childhooo. C-omplete these sentences by using the past perfect tense forms of the verbs in the box. t. She looked so familiar that I thought I her before. They the old house before they moved to a new one. I saw.Vinod last week. He a lot. 4. Jackie home when the storm broke. 5. Manav was angry because I everything he had asked me to. @ Complete these sentences with modalr from the box. l. It is such a pleasant morhing. We relax. His tickets for Paris be handed over to him in an hour. Look at the dark clouds. lt rain any time. 4. drive the car well even after so much practice. touch a live wire. lt is very dangerous. rIrI@rrr

N7vrArTV\\7tl @ Circle the correct forms of the verbs to complete these sentences. t. These cards cost / costs twenty rupees each. z. Madhu has / have agreed to sponsor the event. g. They hope / hopes to get tickets for the new film. 4. There is / are many students waiting to meet the teacher. 5. My sister make / makes delicious blueberry muffins. 6. Each of them wish / wishes that ihey had magical powers. Q Change the voice in these sentences. t. In the play, the part of the seamstress was played by Mayuri. u. They serve the dinner at 8 p.m. in the hostel. g. The tall building was destroyed in the fire. 4. They asked us to stand in a queue. 5. Has anybody cleaned the car? Q Comnlete these sentences with adverbs from the box. l. There is an important announcement, so please listen 2. Juhi came when I called her for help. g. They worked all day and now they are tired. 4. I'm drowsy today because I did not sleep last night. 5. Our teacher explains concepts very @ Choose the correct forms of the adverbr to complete these sentences' t. Mohit works hard / harder / haidest than Riaz. 2. My mother drives the fast / fastdr / fastest in the family. 3. The football coach watched the game carefully / more carefully / most carefully. 4. Alex writes beautifully / more beautifully / most beautifully. 5. The books were arranged perfectly / more perfectly / most perfectly. IIIIMIIII

\\d\\lvv A,^'V 23 Prepositions Read these sentences. ' fhere is a bridge across the river. ' We are leaving at 8 o'clock on Sunday. The words in bold are prepositions. We know that a preposition is a word that shows the relationship between a noun or pronoun and some other word in a sentence. Kinds of Prepositions We use prepositions of place such as in, on, at, over, under, above, below, beside, in front of, behind, beneath, next to, opposite, and so on, to show where someone or something is. ' The ball rolled under the sofa. . Rumi sits beside me in class. We use prepositions of time such as at, on, in, for, from...to, since, during, till, until, beneath, before, after, bp and so on, to show when things happen. ' We willgo to Kolkata during the summer vacation. ' He wakes up at 6 otlock. We use prepositions of direction such as into, out of, through, around, up, down, along, past, and so on, to show direction or movement from one place to another. ' The train went through the tunnel. . The children ran out of the classroom. rIME r09 trffiE

\\^- vffi This table shows us some of the other relationships that prepositions can convey. for indicates purpose . We use this pan for making eggs. from . vYe 8et a lot or ereclronrcs lrom indicates the source of things by \\-n tna. Iike indicates the means by which something is done . We can go to the island by ferry. with used for purposes of comparison within used for purposes of comparison . Alice sings like a nightingale. oeyono means in the role of or in the . David is as brave as a lion. inside capacity of . He attended the event as indicates an instrument with which we do something the chief guest. indicates how something is done . He cut the cloth with a pair of indicates that someone or scissors. something is in the company of someone or something else . He spoke about her with a lot of is used to talk about something happening before a particular respect. period of time is finished means further than, or on the other . I went to Goa with my family. side of, implying it is some distance away . The results of the tests will be emphasises that something is in issued within three weeks. something, as opposed to outside. . The village is beyond the river. . What do you think is inside the box? Choose the correct prepositions of time from the box to complete these sentences. You can use them more than once. t. Rahim is going to lstanbul .|[ May. .-E_ 2. I have been waiting here z o'clock. t'\\ I 3. Where are you going Thursday? IIII - 110 ffiIII ,\\ t\\

@9-N _4. The programme starts _ten otlock and goes on six o'clock in the evenrng. _5. Kavya is arriving _19 July 8 o'clock the morning. _6. The documents will arrive a week. _7. Sumit has been running continuously three hours. _8. I met lYinal once at the Vlctoria lr4emorial the vacation. _9. Please hold the line a few seconds while I transfer your call to the manager. _to. We can't possibly go out now. Let's wait it stops raining, Tick ('/) the correct prepositions of place or direction to complete these sentences. '/ l. We walked past / after the monument. 2. The teacher was standing in front of / before the class. Rosa was holding a pile of books in / on her hand. My desk was next to / inside Sanjays desk. l.4r Verma was sitting beside / at his desk. 6. After / Beyond the wall there were the towers of the palace. 6 go-p;\"1. these sentences using the prepositions for or from. t. I borrowed this from Navin. _2. Have you received a letter the school? _Abhay was very grateful to me helping him. _ls this the instrument measuring rainfall? _You can use wood, charcoal or gas cooking. _6. Could I speak to someone the concerned department, please? _7. They went to the beach some rest and relaxation, _8. The shop sells furniture that comes Indonesia. rII III111 !

Nt' t raz-7 'v -7 z Reorder these words and phrases and say the complete sentences aloud after adding the preposition from. (Oral Practice) 1. are / the music academy / my friends / these These are my friends from the music academy. z. France / of/ Sheryl/ is / the souttr 3. this century / droughts / of / have been / there / the beginning 4. the audience / very encouraging / the applause / was 5. if / came / not sure / Suraj / I am / this letter 6. collect / let's / for charity / money / our neighbours 7. heard / Pushpa / the news / we 8. | / these books / in town / the bookstore / bought [f Complete these sentences using the prepositions by or for. t. I looked up the internet fu some information on volcanoes. all-z. Mayank cooked these dishes himself. 3. Can I pay -----------1- debit card? some pastries. 4. Mona went out to the bakery 5. We go train from one country to another in Europe. -6. Neha went to her friend's house a party. 7 -Anuj solved the problem coming up with a solution. 8. Brenda went to the medical sto-re a band-aid. [f Circle the correct wo-rds to complete these sentences. t. Wellesley was as famous@/ like a general. z. Ile works as hard as / like an ox. i. He works as / like a managing director. 4. Our friend's daughter, Vani, is as / like a daughter to us. 5. As / Like your brother, I must stop you before you make a mistake. 6. He looked as pleased as / like a child with a balloon. rIII@II

\\-lLV&l 7. As / Like a lawyer, ladvise you not to sign this document. 8. In that dress, you lookjust as / like your sister. Simple and Complex Prepositions A simple preposition is a one-word preposition. When we use a preposition in a two-word or a three-word combination, it is called a complex preposition. Complex preposition such as according to, because of, different from, due to, instead of, as far as, in addition to, in front of, in spite of, and so on, function as single prepositions. . According to Malini, there was no one in the room. . They played ihe match in spite of the rain. 6 go-p1.1. these sentences with the correct complex prepositions from the box, t. According to the police report, the thief came in through this window. _2. There are ten people us in this queue. Will we get tickets? the tiny kitchen, this is quite a nice flat. 4. Ronnie dreams of standing Mount Everest. 5. We have three parrots two cats. 6. They continued their work the bad weather. 7. We went to Pune Mumbai for our holidays. 8. Mr Roy retired early his failing health. rIII I13 TTII

\\^tl,lv .'a.^-v 24 Correct Usage of Prepositions Read these sentences. . I agree with the rules. . There is a demand for organic vegetables. . This shop is famous for its rasmalai. In the first sentence, there is a verb followed by a preposition. ) ln the second sentence, there is a noun followed by a preposition. I In the third sentence, there is an adjective followed by a preposition. When we use a particular preposition together with a particular noun, verb or adjective, it is known as collocation. There is no general rule that we can apply to the choice of preposition in each case. This table lists common usage combinations of noun + preposition collocations. difficu ty knowledge dlfficulty link invitation IIII 114 KFffiII

\\--LN ry This table lists common usage combinations of verb + preposition collocations. aSree arSue benefit arSue apologise adjust begin admit charge arrange collide apologise ask feel differ b\"c discourage joke distinguish diskact participate raugn charge insist get rid result get tired feel drink disagree talk rely fight get marfied exchange prohibit forgive listen long fight resrSn subject talk oerong reply substitute _III 115 ffiII

\\-al,V v',- .4. v w This table lists common usage combinations of adjeclivs + preposition collocations. edjective + of adiective * adjective + rdjective adjective adjective aboul wilh + for klrd unkind foolish angry grateful grateful delighted engageo wicked good satisfied afraid frightened angry different delighted similar ashamed jealo!s envious suspicious A^...1 full short .\"^.ht. @ Comnlete these sentences with the correct prepositions from the box. between IO in with for on I. Kavita has no objection to our plan. 2. They have no sympathy traitors. -5. What is the difference a muffin and a cupcake? 4. There was a sudden decrease the temperature after -the storm. 5. Does this have any connection last week's lecture? 6. Sumitha has an invitation the wedding. -7. The government has introduced new taxes imported items. B. Nilima has no interest -scu lpture. 9. lhe computer r5 a wonoerlul oevlce storing data. to. We placed an order tu n cn, IE-I 116 ffirl

x€' lryMW'M Use the correct prepolitions from the box after the adjectives. You can use them more than onse. t. West Bengal is famous for milk-based sweets. _z. Sejal is always worried her children. 4il _J. Riddhi is scared spiders. _4. Shaheen is very fond her cousins. 4Gfr-t _5. Mita is very eager learn photography. _6. Suhas is very nervous tomorrow's test. _7. I am satisfied my project file. _8. They are very anxious their flight reservation. _9. lt rained so heavily yesterday that the city roads were overflowing water. _to. Her skirt is similar mine. Use the correct prepositions from the box after the verbs. Some of them may be used more than once. t. I was dreaming about the picnic when the telephone rang. _z. She has applied the post of systems engineer. _5. The authorities are looking the matter. _4. You should not shout anyone. _5. Have you ever heard the ghosts at Bhangarh Fort? 6. We went on a trip _ Kharagpur. 7 _fle apologised the principal for his mischievous behaviour. _8. When I entered the room, my father and mother were talking a surpnse party for my sister, _9. My family consists my parents, me and my younger sister. rIII 117 III :i.. \":

LfuV V 25 Gonjunctions Read these sentences. ' I will have a cup of hot chocolate and a sandwich. ' They were late because there was traffic on the road. ' The shop was closed so I returned home. The words in bold are conjunctions. We know that conjunctions are joining words that connect rvords, phrases or sentences. eoordinating Conjunetions We use coocdinating conjunctions to connect two main or coordinating clauses. The coordinating conjunctions are and, but, or, so, and so on. This table shows us how to use coordinating conjunctions. Coordinating Use Example Conjunction I play the piano and my and used to combine two things that sister plays the guitar. are similar and equal . Juhi came to the party but but used to show contrast she left early. or used to show a choice or an . You could wear jeans or a lternative trousers. so used to show that something . We were getting bored so resulted due to something else we prayeo a game. 118

\\..,.,-',\\'L.F V @ Complete these sentences with the correct conjunctions from the brackets. t. The hotel is very good and (and / or) the faciiities are excellent. z. Hjs cJothes were clean _ (or / bLrt) his shoes were muddy. 3. Kusum should leave now _ (but / or) she will miss the bus. 4. The children performed a wonderful play .- (and / but) the audience clapped. 5. Nick had a fall during the match .- (and / but) he did not get hurt. 6. Shall i put this on the table _ (and / or) the carpet? 7 Punit was not feeling well_ (so / or) he went to the doctor. B. Janet did not know the answer _ (so / but) she was quiet. Subordinating Conjunctions We use subordinating conjunctions to connect a main clause with a subordinate clause. The subordinating conjunctions are when, if, because, although, until, since, unless, and so on. This table shows us how to use subordinating conjunctions. Subordinating Use Example Conjunction when used to indicate the time when Simi was having lunch n something happened or will when the telephone rang. happen because We will watch the show i{ although used to show that something will happen only when we get the tickets. something else happens or comes tru e He went to the library because he wanted to indicates a reason why study. something happened or will We didn't win the match happen although we played well. used to show that in spite of something, there was a result that was different and unexpected 119 &WT

\\---LN ffi used to indicate time . We played outside until it used to indicate cause or time was dark. . Renu was absent since she was not feeling well. . I was waiting for you since three o'clock. used to indicate a proof or lgave him some water for explanation of something that is being stated he was thirsty. before used to indicate a time that . The meal was ready unless is earlier to what is being mentioned before the guests arrived. used to refer to a necessary You will not succeed condition for a result unless you work hard. used to indicate that something . I listened to music while happened at the same time as something else my father read a book. [l Underline the conjunctions in these sentences. t. Flease ask the customer to wait qqLjl I come back. z. He learnt to speak Tamil while he lived in Chennai. 3. lwill call you before I leave home. a. You will seesome beautiful fish if you visitthe aquarium. 5. I will come to meet you after I return from my trip. 6. Surya asked his brother to help him because he found the exercise too difficult. z Although her interview went well, she was not selected for the job. 8. Since you bought it, you have to use it. 9. There will be a big problem unless we do something about it. ro. The bus started movins before she could board it. IIII lM ffiIII

o Complete these sentences using because or although. 't. My grandmother is very healthy aithoueh she is eighty-years-old. _We were very disappointed the class picnic was postponed, _Komal likes to eat green vegetables they are good for health. _4. Plants grow well in our garden the soil is not very fertile. the wound on her leg has healed, Tina still feels a bit of pain. 6. The play was a great success the actors performed well. -7. we were late, we did not miss the train. L The guests did not eat much the dishes were very tasty. o Complete these sentences using when or while. e bought a lot of vegetables y{91we went to the market. _2. The family was getting ready for bed they heard a strange noise from the attic. _Mr Kumar called us he was walking down the street. _4. The spectators watched in admiration the clown juggled six balls in the air. the train arrived, the passengers scrambled to board it. _o. I ironed my uniform my sister packed her bag. - _7. Mother finished her work we were in school. _8. My parents waited near the office I collected my certificate. o Circle the correct conjunctions. t. lwill do my homewo.k@7 \"r I return home. because he is participating 2. N4y uncle practises singing day and night so that / in a singing competition soon. J. You will not make any friends if / when you are not polite. 4. Milo has grown taller since / when I saw him last. 5. I felt very sad when / while the holidays came to an end. 6. lwill wait for him till / during he returns. TIII III

z When /.As lgo to Udaipur, lwillsurely visit the City Palace. 8. She checked to see if / so that she had taken everything before / when she left. 9. You should eat the ice cream before / till it melts. to. She is very active yet / even though she is old. [f Join these pairs of sentences using the conjunctions in the brackets. t. I drove slowly. lt was a winding road. (because) I drove slowlv because it was a winding road, z. Parag went to the market. He bought fruits and vegetables. (and) 3. Sukanya saw the child. She smiled at him. (as soon as) n. Our old fridge did not work. Father decided to buy a new one. (therefore) 5. The bus was late. I missed the connecting flight. (since) o. You can Keep your torcn wrtn you. I nave orougnt my own. (oecause., 7. There is a leak somewhere. The tank is empty. (so) 8. The teacher is very kind. She is firm with her students. (but) IIIIMIIII

\\^d\\vv a.^av 26 Direct and lndirect Speech Read these sentences. . \"l am going to the park,\" said Varun. . Varun said that he was going to the park. : The first sentence is in direct speech. Direct speech means that we are quorng the exact words spoken by someone. Direct speech is usually written within in;rted commas (\" \"). . \"Please give me a glass of water,\" said Tanu. . \"What are you doing?\" asked Nlother. The second sentence is in indirect speech. lndirect speech means that the words that were spoken by someone are being reported. In indirect speech, inverted commas are not used. Indirect speech is also known as reported speech. . Mother asked me what lwas doing. . Tanu requested me to give her a g{ass of water. @ Wit. if these sentences are in direct speech (DS) or indirect speech (lS), t. Preeti said that she had to go to the dentist. |S z. \"l have promised to help my sister,\" Kitty said. 3. Anita said that she would take part in the play. 4. \"l will practise long division sums,\" said f.latim. 5. \"Where are my spectacles?\" asked Bina. 6. Amir said that he would have to ask his brother to help him. 7 \"Please tell me how to get to the bus stop,\" said Vijay. B. Rishav said that he did not know the answer rItr- 123 EI

L--&La7 v ffi--w Direct Speech to Indirect Speech There are some points to remember while changing sentences from direct speech to indirect speech. This table shows us how personal pronouns change when we convert sentences from direct to indirect soeech. Direct Speech Indirect Speech Firs[ persor pronouns (1. n,a. r /. oL . change according to the person of myself, and so on) rho. ,hr-\"+ lL. .1.. +h.\" L . h.. Second person pronouns (yo.r.;o rr. their, himse f, herse I and so on) yours) change according to the object of the reporting verb (him, her, them, theirs, Third person pronouns (he, she, it, and so on) they, them, and so on) generally do not change This table shows us how the verb forms change when we convert sentences from direct to indirect speech. Direct Speech Indirect Speech the simple present tense the simple past tense the present continuous tense the past continuous tense the present perfect continuous tense the past perfect continuous tense the simple past tense the past perfect tense the past continuous tense the past perfect continuous tense the past perfect tense the past perfect conlinuous iense no change the simple future tense (shall, will) no change wou ld IEEil

Jb-.-*m,h.V V t-r Diroct Spccch Indirect Speech wouro De the future continuous tense (sha I be, will be) wou o nave the future perfect tense (shallhave, wou d have been wi I have) cou o the future perfect continuous tense m ight no change (w;ll / shallhave been) nao to can may might, should, ought to must This table shows us the changes in words expressing time and ptace. Direct Speech Indirect Speech rn ts that now th en th ese Inose here there 480 before that day today that night tonight yesterday the previous day / the day before Iast night rre prev,ous r gnl / tne ntgrt betore tomorrow next week the next day the following week nmffiffi ns Itrffiffiffit

Complete these sentences with the correct verb forms, pronoqns or time expressions, Lamiya said to me, \"l want to buy this racquet.\" Lamiya told me that she wanted to buy that racquet. \"l will go to the market tomorrow,\" said my uncle. My uncle said that Naina said to Samia, \"We are going out now.\" Naina told Samia that 4. Inewomansarq, I nere a re ontv Inree lcKets telt lor todav s snow The woman said that snow. 5. ltold Rita, \"You can participate in the quiz.\" I told Rita that participate in the quiz. 6. Sue said, \"Rekha, we have an English test next week.\" Sue told Rekha that weeK. 7. \"l have to study for the test,\" said Sakina. Sakina said that for the test. L Rosie told Daisv. \"You will have to work hard.\" Rosie toid Daisy that to work hard. -l Change these sentences from direct speech to indirect speech. t. Arjun said, \"The room is nice and warm.\" Arjun said that the room was nice and warm. z. Romila said, \"l am going to Turkey.\" Romila said that 5. Rehan said, \"Kamal is a good doctor.\" Rehan said 4. Nagma said, \"Vani has bought a scooter.\" Nagma said The guests said, \"The garden looks beautifui.\" The guests said 6. Lucy said , Ine pacKage nas Deen oelvereo. Lucy said IIIIINIIII

\\^-L.N i'jil 7. Janani said, \"We planted apple trees in our garden.\" Janani said B. The magician said, \"Many people enjoyed the show.\" The magician said g. Kirti said, \"l am selling my old furniture.\" Kirti said to. My brother said, \"We cannot disobey our parents.\" My brother said o Say these questions aloud in class in indirect speech. (Oral Practice) L Mother asked them, \"Who cleaned all the plates?\" 2. Anu asked her friend, \"What time does the film start?\" 3. The driver said to Muraii, \"Where do you want to go?\" 4. She asked me, \"Do you know where I can buy a notebook?\" 5. Father asked Mina,'Are you ready for school?\" 6. The teacher asked the student, \"Can you help me carry these books?\" 7. Mandy asked Vivian, \"Do you like brownies?\" 8. Dr Das asked the patient, \"How are you feeling today?\" 9. The mother asked the daughter, \"Have you locked the door?\" to. Jackie asked me, \"Why are you waiting?\" Changing Questions to Indirect Speech Read these sentences, ' Mother asked Kusum, \"Why were you late?\" ' Mother asked Kusum why she was late. When questions in direct speech are changed to indirect speech the subject comes before the verb. In indirect speech, the sentence ends with a fullstop. not a question mark. TIII 127

L--fLN Za$t',i},,.1\" V In direct speech, if there is a Yes / No question, the words if or whether are used in indirect speech. . here?\" .George asked, \"ls Gautam George asked if Gautam was there. In direct speech, if there is a wh- question, we retain the wh- word in indirect speech. The verb changes from the simple present tense to the simple past tense. Said changes to asked. Other reporting verbs like wanted to know or enquired can also be used. . .Rupa said, \"Where is the yellow file?\" Rupa asked where the yellow file was, ln the wh- question, if the wh- word is followed by do / does / did the wh- word is retained in indirect speech but do / does / did is dropped and the verb changes to the simple past tense or the past perfect tense. . Ekta asked, \"When did Father leave for office?\" . Ekta asked when Father had left for office. Change these sentences from indirect speech to direct speech. (Oral Fractice) t. Tanaaz asked her what her surname was. Tanaaz asked her, \"What is your surname?\" z. My daughter asked me if I could buy a pen for her on my way home. 3. The teacher asked Anju whether she would like to take part in the art competition. 4. The woman asked us how far the bus stop was from our house. 5. Manju asked Savita what she would be when she grew up. 6. Bala asked my sister if she had gone to Kunal's football match. 7 lasked him why he had not returned my racquet. 8. Ashok asked Govind when he was taking his pet to the vet. Changing Commands and Requests to Indirect Speech Read these sentences. ' Parul said, \"Please shut the door.\" ' Parul requested me to shut the door. ITTT 128 ffirI

\\--aLlv %ffi\" When we change commands or requests from direct speech to indirect speech, we use reporting verbs such as told, ordered, commanded, instructed, asked, requested, begged, pleaded, and so on. . The teacher said, \"Boys, stand in a straight line.\" . The teacher instructed the boys to stand in a straight line. The imperative form o{ the verb in the command changes to the infinitiye in indirect speech. The word don't in direct speech becomes not to in indirect commands. . \"Flease don't make a mess,\" Mother told Sara. . Mother requested Sara not to make a mess. o Change these commands and requests from direct speech to indirect speech. t.' 'Don't turn off the TY please,\" requested Neha. Neha requested me not to turn the TV offl u. Father told me, \"Don't play with matches.\" 5. 'Wait for me, Mahuai' said Suzie. 4. \"Please tell me where the principal's office is,\" the passerby asked Arjun. 5. 'Take me to the lbis Hotel,\" said the iraveller to the taxi driver. 6. Mother instructed, \"Don't talk to stranqers.\" \"Call me as soon as you reach Chennai,\" Father told me. 8. \"Call the ambulance,\" said Mr Kapoor to his daughter. rtffim 125 ]ITI

\\^llN 27 lnterjections Read these sentences. ' Wow! What a wonderful surprisel . Ah well! Better luck next timel The words in bold are interjections. We use an interjection to express some T sudden feeling or emotion. An interjection may be a word, phrase or short sentence. lt is not grammaticaliy related to the other words in the sentence. lt may be used to express a range of feelings such as joy, grief, anger, relief, surprise, {ear, disgust, and so on. We use an exclamation mark after the interiecUon. We use a capital letter after the exclamation mark. |fl Underline the interjections in these sentences. t. l[] l'm Jasmine. z. Wow! What a beautiful paintingl w i. That was a wonderful performance. Bravol 4. Oh nol The nib of my pen in broken. 5. Yes! lsolved the riddle. 6. Shoo! Shool There's a cat in the kitchen. o Complete these sentences with the correct interjections from the box. t. Ouchl I bumped my head against the door. Oh dear! Amazing! 2. Looks /ike Nicco Park is closed on Su nday. Lookl ShhhI That's an awesome magic trick. Ah welll Ou ch! 3. _ 4. The ooor far mers are slar ving. 5. There's a huge pile of rubbish outside that building. 6. - Please be quiet in the librar y. reII IIT-I 130

\\^allvffi 28 The Sentence Read these sentences. Where is my bag? Please help me. ' Roger sings well. ' What a lovely picture! We know that a sentense is a group of words that make complete sense. A phrase is a group of words that make sense, but cannot stand alone when we write. . at midnight . in the park . a bottle ofjuice o Write whether these groups of words are sentences (g) or phrases (P). 1.4 n old woman lived in the cottage. S 2. in the woods J. Rebecca went to stay wiih her aunt. on the table 5. School willreopen after the winter holidays. 6. Put the vegetables in the kitchen. 7. Could you hold this box for some time? B. clear, blue skies Kinds of Sentences We know that there are four different kinds of sentences. t. A declarative sentence makes a statement or gives some information. We also use it to express an opinion or make a promise. lt can be positive or negative. We add not or does not with the verb to change it to a negative sentence. lt has a full stop at the end. ' .l-le is watching cricket on TV We did not meet Ranbir yesterday. IIIT 131 iffiII

L----.lv z. An imperative sentence is used to give a command, an order, make a request orgive advice. lt is also used to give directions or instructions. lt has a full stop at the end. . Tell me the truth Please make me a sandwich. 3. An interrogatiye sentence is used to ask a question. In an interrogative sentence, the verb or part of the verb comes before the subject. lt has a question mark at the end. . Where is your sister? . Why didn't you complete your homework? 4. An exclamatory sentence is used to express emotions such as surprise, joy, pain, anger or pity. lt always ends with an exclamation mark. . What a pretty dressl . How excitingl [f Write what kind of sentences these are. t. How beautiful the garden is! exclamatory 2. Can we play dumb charades? 3. The elephant has a long trunk. 4. lwould love to watch the sunset on the beach! 5. Have you heard the latest news? 6. Please do not be late tomorrow. Z Alex does not work in a hospital. 8. Walk slowly. l.lere is some information about Vivek Sinha. Write seven declarative sentences about him. Name: Vivek Sinha Age' tz years Pets; Polly (parrot) Hobbies: loves dancing and singing, likes to draw and paint, reads a lot of stories Sports, plays football, swims well Family: parents, younger sister Preeti Vivek Sinha is tz years old... ITNI 132 ffiII

o Say these sentences aloud as indicated, (Oral Practice) l. It is a wonderfulfilm. (exclamatory) What a wonderful film it is! u. Please lend me ten rupees. (interrogative) 5. The postman was waiting outside the house. (interrogative) 4. The concert was very interesting. (exclamatory) 5. Go and iron your uniform. (interrogative) 6. He was a kind-hearted man. (exclamatory) 7. The smell was dreadful. (exclamatory) 8. Please get me an empty plate. (interrogative) o Change these sentences as indicated. Use suitable punctuation marks. t. Karen is wearing blue shoes. (change into interrogative) ls Karen wearine blue shoes? Clean the room at once. (change into declarative) The room It was a very exciting jou rney. (change into exclamatory) What an l-las Mukesh lost his lD card? (change into declarative) Mukesh Mahima is leaving for Lucknow tonight. (change into negative) Mahima is 6. The snacks were delicious. (change into interrogative) Were the 7. Can you post this letter for me, please? (change into imperative) Please 8. Nainital is a beautiful place. (change into exclamatory) What a IfII;'i*!t{sir;iif-I

\\^allv Y A.^'V 29 Subject and Predicate Read these sentences. Where is Suparna? What a spectacular shotl ' The cow moos. ' Come here. at once. The words in bold are subjects. The underlined words are predicates. The subject tells us whom or what the sentence is about. The subject can be one word, a group of words, or a pronoun. The predicate tells us what the subject is or does. The predicate can be one word or a group of words. ln a declarative sentence, the subject can be at the beginning of the sentence, the middle or the end. . Barul ard loh\"ir dr,rl mi L in fhe rro.ring. ' In the morning, Batul and Zohair drink milk. ' ln the morning, milk is drunk by Batu and Zohair. ln an imperative sentence, the subject is you. The you is usually implied in these sentences. ' (You) Please close the door. . (You) Stand in a line. In interrogative and exclamatory sentences, the word order is changed. The subject can be in the middle or the end of the sentence. . Is Asha absent today? ' What a nice thing he did! @ Circle the subjects and underline the predicates in these sentences. t. @ sat on the highest branch of the tree. i!ffiII rITI 134

z. Rakhi ran down the stairs and out of the door. 5. The paint on the walls is peeling. 4. Anne, Tom and Mona went to the seaside on Friday. s. The happy children waved to the soldiers marching by. 6. The captain stayed with his crew till the end. 7. Oil paintings on canvas were part ofthe exhibition. 8. The weather on the mountain continued to be warm and sunny. @ Complete these sentences with suitable subjects. t. The chief suest will annou nce the names of the win ners. 2. entered Devika's room. 3. has been bought by Sudhir. Across the river, swam 5. will be eoins n,dJ for the picnic next week. 6. told them about the fierce dinosaurs of the past. -7. On the walls of the museum, hung 8. worKeq on the canvas all through the day. @ Complete these sentences with suitable predicates. 1. Diya and her sister went to buy a present for their mother. 2. Two hundred people He 4. None of the children This street o. All the teams 7. The tiny little mouse 8. The boy in the yellow shirt TITIruIII

\\^al.vY A\"^'Y 30 Punctuation and Capital Letters Read these sentences. . Thimphu is ihe capital o{ Bl.utan. ' We went to the beach, built a sandcastle, played in the water and drank coconut water. . Who is the President of India? Capital Letter We use capital letters at the beginning of sentences and for the pronoun l. . The child is playing on the swing. We begin the names of people, places, rivers, mountains, the days of the week, and the months of the year with capital letters. ' The Himalayas is the highest mountain range in the world. The names of books, newspapers, magazines, languages, festivals and holidays also begin with capital letters. . Have you read Little Women? Full stop We use a full stop (.) at the end of a sentence. We use a full stop after both letters in a.m. and p.m. . Rani had a glass of milk at 3 p.m Comma We use a comma (,) to separate items in a list. . They are travelling to Kolkata, Mumbai and Hyderabad. We also use it to separate words, phrases or clauses in a sentence. ' Soon after the bell, the children went home. We also use them to set off a direct quotation from the rest of the sentence. . \"The cable car ride was exciting,\" she said. rEFFE ffiffiwn136 \".sfl.,.

\\--tN Use commas, full stops and capital letters in the correct places in these sentences. t. archana is clever kind and generous Archana is clever, kind and generous. z. if ihad known about it, iwould have helped you 5. \"iwish to travel all around the world\" mahesh said 4. at the zoo there are different kinds of mammals reptiles birds and fish 5. mala knows german spanish french and hindi 6. you will need some flour two tablespoons of milk a bowl of sugar and an egg for this recipe Z ananya said \"my cousins are visiting next week\" 8. mitali sid saima pradeep and iworked together yesterday 9. \"i'll be there tomorrow\" raman promised me to. he will need a new raincoat a blanket to keep himself warm and an umbrella Exclamation Mark We use an exclamation mark (l) to end an exclamatory sentence that expresses anger, joy, grief, wonder, surprise, and so on. . How beautiful the sunrise isl We also use exclamation marks to add emphasis. . Rahul, watch outl Question mark We use a question mark (?) at the end of a question. ' Who will win this match? Quotation marks Quotation marks or inverted qommas are of two types-single quotation marks (' ') and double quotation marks (\" \"). IIruE 137

L-^-LVffil We use double quotation marks for a direct word quotation that is spoxen oy someone. The quotation marks start before the first spoken word and end after the last spoken word. Punctuation marks such as the comma or full stop should be placed within the quotation marks. . \"l've been selected to play a role in the play,\" said Anil. We use single quotation marks for titles of films, poems, books, short stories, and so on. . We are reading'The Solitary Reaper'by William Wordsworth. Rewrite these sentences with quotation marks, commas and capital letters. Add other punctuation marks if needed. t. im quite busy right now said rameez \"l'm quite busy right now\" said Remeez. 2. have you read alice in wonderland 3. my mother asked why is your homework incomplete 4. we enjoyed reading the poem the brook 5. let's practise for the match tomorrow said sunita 6. pranav asked me do you know the way did you know that the film mobv dick was based on a book B. how long is the film asked bina 9. you must read the india times today. it has interesting articles to. swati said i'm so tired. i'm going to bed rIII 138 UIII

\\--LN re Apostrophe We use an apostrophe (') along with the letter s to indicate possession. When singular or plural nouns do not end in s, we use an apostrophe with s to indicate possesston. ' We are in Krittika's house. When plural nouns end in s, we use the apostrophe only after the s. ' The boys uniforms look neat and tidy. Whenever a singular noun ends with the letter s, we use the apostrophe after s. . James'cat is called Kitty. Remember to use apostrophe with letter s with plural nouns that do not end in s. ' The women's club meeting is on Tuesday. We also use the apostrophe to show contractions in words. ' I don't like this game. @ lnse* apostrophes in the correct places in these sentences. t. \"He'll come tomorrow at 2 p.m. l'll discuss Friday's programme with him,\" said Tina. 2. Hes going to need at least one weeks time to finish his work. 3. The detectives searched along the rivers bank for clues. lm very excited about Mothers D\"y. 5. Its a lovely afternoon, isnt it? 6. Lets go for a picnic. lll make all the arrangements. lm sure well have a nice time. 7. He doesnt remember where he parked Tapas car B. The childrens section has many interesting books. IIII 139

L---LN ffi..u'l.-a Semicolon We use a semicolon (;)to indicate a pause that is slightly longer than that of the comma and shorter than that of the full stop. We use a semicolon to connect two sentences that are related. . Well meet tomorrow; we can discuss this then. We aiso use it before words such as namely, however, therefore, that is, and so on, when they come at the beginning of a sentence that is complete in meaning. . The flight departs at 6 a.m.; therefore, we must reach the airport early. We also use it to separate items in a list, when one or more of the items contain commas. . The toys were red, white and blue; blue, yellow and white; purple, yellow, black. o Insert semicolons in these sentences, wherever necessary. L They couldn't leave; dinner had just been served. 2. Nancy has a vacuum cleaner however, she is yet to learn how to use it. 3. We didn't have confirmed bookings nevertheless, we went. 4. He's learning French, which hes good at swimming, which he has just started and singing, for fun, 5. I didn't buy anything moreover, everything was quite expensive there. 6. They are travelling to New Delhi, lstanbul Turkey, Cairo, Egvpt. The sandwich choices include tomato, lettuce and cheese cucumber, tomato and lettuce peanut butter and jam. 8. I need to finish my work after that, I can go out. IITT MII140

@ Complete these sentences with suitable prepositions. t. The customer has not paid the things he bought from our shop. _z. There is a steady increase the salaries of employees in our company, _3. My mother is good telling interesting stories from the panchatantra. _4. Have you ever heard anyone going to Venus? _5, He is very nervous driving alone at night. @ Complete this passage with suitable conjunctions. zoos'_A yeld is not something we usually see in '_ 3_it does not look like one. lt's more i_aquariums. lt is a sort of a fish, a long, fat snake. people first saw it in the islands of New Guinea, they thought it was a whale-veld is their 5_word for whale. lt is about twice as long as an eel it feeds on small water snakes. Velds live in rivers 6 raKes. o Change these sentences from direct speech to indirect speech. t. Azad said, \"l'm feeling hot.\" z. My mother said, \"We should go to sleep now.\" 3. Rajeev asked, \"Can I ask you a question?\" 4. \"l can't find my phone,\" Arun said. 5. \"Don't disturb me right now,\" my father told me. @ Change these sentences from indirect to direct speech, t. Dhruv asked Kapil what time they were leaving for Rourkela. z. I asked my brother where he was going so late in the evening. 5. Divya told her mother that she had finished her homework. 4. Mahesh asked the boys why they were playing in the classroom. 5. My father told me that I needed to take care of the plants on the oarcony. 141

@ marks.Insert the correct interjectiong and exclamation I t. We have won the match. I I What a bad smell! - What a beautiful dress! - The baby is sleeping. -5. ldropped the cup. - @ -tdentifr what kind o{ sentences these are. 't. How well she sings! 2. She is a successful writer. 5. Did I say anything to make you angry? 4. Bring me that book. s. Who told you this? @ Circle the subjects and underline the predicates in these sentences' l. lYy eighty-year-old grandmother can still cook tasty dishes. z. A friend of mine will stay with us for a few days. i. The new books in the library are displayed on this table. 4. Jaggu and his friend solved the mystery. 5. The girls in our class put up charts on the board. @ Rewrite these sentences with the correct punctuation. l. elections are being held in rajasthan bihar karnataka and arunachal pradesh today 2. icome from patna which is the capital of bihar J. he hasnt read dickens novel david copperfield 4. shut the door please said he 5. im so glad that youve come IIIIffiIIII

\\-J\\VIk 31 lntegrated Grammar Practice Worksheet Set t One word in each line has been omitted in this passage. Write the missing word along with the words that come before and after it in the blanks provided. Underline the word that is your answer. t. There once Jived old man in a village, z. who could not read or write. He had son who lived 3. and worked in village five kilometres away. 4. One day, he wanted to send him urgent message. 5. He went to the house of village schoolmaster and 6. said, \"Could you please write letter for me? | want Z to send message to my son.\" The schoolmaster said, B. \"l'm sorry, sir, I cannot write now Legs are hurting.\" 9. The old man thought for few seconds and said, to. \"What has that to do with writing letter?\" \"lt's like this,\" 11. answered the schoolmaster. \"Writing is so strange tz. that only lcan read. I will have to walk five kjlometres 13. to read your letter to son and another t4. kilometres to come back home.\" @ Complete this conyersation by choosing the correct answers. Venkat: Are'_ people visiting Goa? Mohan: There are '_ of them. A number of new hotels have come up in Goa and the place is becoming a popular tourist resort. Venkat: Are 3_ the hotels equally good? TIII IT143