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ມ.2_ພາສາລາວ_ ຄູ່ມື_Lao

Published by lavanh9979, 2021-08-06 07:52:27

Description: ມ.2_ພາສາລາວ_ ຄູ່ມື_Lao

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ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດd;fzqo’ko9kdG { dkogIfa ;Pd[kh o.oc8]j t7’A 0v’oda IPoc8]j t7oq D [qfvjkogruj, <gfad,urvolts;aoc,jomboIvovaoryglf0v’-kf< rvolts;aoc,oj 7;k,lk,kfryglf0v’l;j o[5d7qo g-y’j [+lk,kf-N0kp s^n c[’j xao.sh daowfhg\\nvofa’j -a[lyomq;j wxD 7qomu,j urvolts;aoc,oj xtgrf7qomu,j u7;k,lk,kfryglf,kc8j degofu F g-’jy g0kq ,da ,7u ;k,lk,kfrgy lfc8d8kj ’9kd7oq vojn .odkoI[a gvkq [oa sk.\\j sn^ xtffy 7fy lkh ’l’yj .\\0j Bo,kf;h p8oq gv’D g;Qkco;oU d=[+\\kp7;k,;kj 7qomu,j urvolts;ao9t,u7;k,lk,kfIv[fhkoF c8sj kd,u 7;k,lk,kf]noj \\6j s^n .l.j 9ltgrktc8fj hko.f fhko|’bj ]noj \\g6j mkqj oAoD rvolts;oa ryglf0v’l;j o[d5 7oq l;j os^kp,da ltcf’vvd.sgh soa c88j vop’a ovh pD [oa sk <7oq ,cu ;;< sn^ <7oq ,ru volts;oa < gxoa l’jy mgju dfu ,.u om;jq l’a 7,q 0v’3]d 3fpltgrkt 18j6 k,3I’IPo sn^ lt4k[oa dkoldb lk0oA 8kj ’M ,da 9tr[q gsoa [oa skogU ]vN pMD [oa sk0v’,oa ,1u j6 ;kj 76{vk9koz6hlyflvo9t,u7;k,lk,kf8yf8k, c]t lhk’g’vnj ow0gvNvveo;p.shoadIPom,uj u rvolts;ao.ofhko.ofhko|b’j ,kc8dj egoufoAo.shwfh,u3vdkfgfuo8k,glAomk’cs’j rvolt s;ao0v’g0qkg9Qk s^n [+gmkqj oAogv’D ovd9kd7z6 lh6 fy lvoc];h dp= ’a ,ru +c,j sn^ zxh6 dq 7v’ m.ju dlh fy d[a gfda md5 ,N md5 ;oa p’jy 9tIfh6 ;u kj gfda ,7u ;k,lk,kf c]t ,ru volts;oa rgy lf.ofkh o.fcfj grvjn ;kj 9twf-h mU fy -mU k’.sch d]j d6 sk^ o z6hmu,j urvolts;ao.shwfhI+kIPo c]t dhk;gfuowx8k,lk0k;y-kmugj 0qkg9Qk,uc;; s^n ,u7;k, lk,kfrgy lfooA D rfb 8dy e[k’1kj ’wf-h .U sgh soa ;kj oda IPoF oda ldb lk 9eo;o|’jb gfou mk’[+lf5 gloA pvh o0kf 7;k,lk,kf c]t rvolts;ao.odkoIPo;y-koAoMD 8q;1kj ’ oadIPomu[j +,uc;;mk’fhko ;y-k;ymtpklkfme,t-kf c8rj af4ndl’qj glu,.shIPo;y-kg]dF g,nvj IPo0Bol6’gmkqj .f g0qkd=py’j 9trq[7;k,sph5’pkds^kp0Bogmqkj oAo grkt7;k,lk,kf.odkoIa[gvqk7;k,I6hfhko;y-kg]d 0v’g0qk,u|hvpD .omulj 5fg0qkd=9tg[nvj |kj p8+;y-kIPoF xt4Y,dkoIPo s^n [k’d=]toud=IPo9q[ phvo7;k,[5d[nol6h-qo0v’oadIPogv’ s^n phvog’njvow0vnjoS c8jg,njvIPo9q[;y-kg]dvvd,k 7oq zoh6 oA d=gIfa ;Pd.og’vnj ow0m0ju vh o0kh ’]e[kd s^n [+gIfa ;Pd.o0’q g0f;-y kg]dooA g]pu D ltooA F dkolkh ’g’vjn ow0 c]t .s3h vdkfcdgj fda m,ju ru volts;oa rgy lf 9’jb dkpgxoa [oa sk pf5 mtlkfle7oa voa |’jb .odkorfa mtokglf4tdfy l’a 7,q 0v’c8]j txtgmfD [oa fkxtgmf8kj ’M 9

.o3]dmsju f5^ roQ vvd9kd7;k,md5 9oq dkh ;0oB wxgxoa xtgmf vf5 lkstdemmju oa ltw\\ooA F fkh o|’jb ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ c,oj xtgmfgskjq^ ooA gvkq .9.l]j ’q mob lkh ’-[a rtpkdvo,tof5 f;h pdko0tspkpdkoldb lk.ssh k^ p c]t m;jq g4y’S fkh o|’jb vudc,oj ]’q mob lkh ’ [d5 7t]kdvom,uj urvolts;oa ryglf.ssh ^kpgmkjq m9uj t s^kpwfhD r;dgryoj 4n;kj [5d7t]kdvo mu,j urvolts;aoc,oj mboIvovaoryglf0v’xtgmf-kfF gxoa ,o6 ,]= tfdq fkh olt8xy oa pk0v’-kfF c,oj zt]fy 8troa msju kpkdmlju f5 D dko-,q .-zh t]fy 8troa mlju ’ja -9N kd8kj ’xtgmfF dkoI[a gvkq l’jy pvfp’jy mk’fkh olt8xy oa pk9kd3]drkpovdc,oj mk’ g]nvdmufj uF skd9twfhIa[rP’c8zj t]yf8traoleg]afI6[gmqkj oAoF c8vj ao9tgxao,6o,=]tfqdmk’ fkh olt8yxoa pk0v’-kfooA c,oj [+,ug]upD pvh oco;ooA dko4to[5 e]’5 F dkodl+ kh ’gfda .s,h 7u o5 otrk[ 8’A c8pj ’a gpkq w; c,oj gloA mk’ c]t ;ymudkomujfumujl5fD 4hkc,jogfadmuj,urvolts;aoryglf pyj’9t8hv’gvqk.9.lj.shs^kpmujl5f oa[ma’mk’fhkos^addkoF fhkog8adoyd c]t fhko9yf8tlkf.odkolbdlkvq[Iq,D 1.j6 o7v[7;q gIvn o-ko 4kh rc+ ,,j ]u d6 m,ju cu ;;F ,7u ;k,ltsk^ fg-oja G ,7u ;k,99jn ewffh Fu ,,u t3o rk[obd7yfskly’j cxdly’j .\\Fj ,udkodt8;’7kf7tgo];j ’|hkF I6hw9hcpd[aoskF ,adl=h4k,;kj vaooAoc,oj spa’F vaooUc,oj spa’F phvospa’9b’j gxaoco;oAoF phvospa’9b’j gxaoco;oU c]t vnoj MS s^n gfad9t,ad.l.j 98+ly’j .fly’j |b’j ]noj gfad7qovnoj gxaoryglf r+c,7j ;oIa[I6hw;h3]f;kj oAo7ngfadmu,j u c;;lts^kf ,urvolts;ao g0qk,u7;k,vkflk,kfs^kpm9uj tdhk;wxl76j ;k,gxao7qom,uj u7;k, ltsk^ fxkfgxvjn ’.ovtok7fq D zgh6 xoa rc+ ,7j ;ogIfa md5 l’jy md5 1kj ’grvjn l’jq gl,u c]t 4to[5 e]’5 ,oa lt\\v’0v’r;dg0qk.shlvj ’.l c]t dhkgd’aj 0Bowxg]NvpMD l’yj mluj e7ao[+7;odqffaogfad.omk’ m[uj +4ndF s^udg;Aodko8v[7e4k, 0v’gfadc[[wIhgsfzqo s^n [+8v[g]upD zkj o,k dt-;’lbdlkmydko c]t rkdl;j o8kj ’Mmudj Pj ;0hv’ 8ts^vfIvfvq’dko9af8A’ lkdoq 1]j6 k; d=wfIh ;j ,doa 9fa dyf9tde8kj ’M0Bo grvnj l’jq glu,gfda m,uj urvolts;oa g-oja G 9fa 8’A lv[ gl’a oda IPogd’ja F 9fa ’koxtd;fc8,h I[6 F d;flv[l]y txt;oa ot7tfu c]t vojn M grvjn -vdIh6 c]t l’jq gl,u gfda .sgh xoa 7oq gd’ja 0v’-kfD g4’y ;kj dkog7vjn ows;.o0’q g0ff’ja dkj ;p’a g[kq [k’ c]t 1.j6 o 0oA roN 4ko c8dj g= xoa dkog],ju 8oQ mfju u .odkogl,u lkh ’vtok7fq 0v’7oq m,ju ru volts;oa 0v’xtgmf -kf m’a .opd5 oU c]t pd5 8M+ wxD g4’y 1kj ’.fd8= vh ’I[a I;h6 kj 7oq m,ju ru volts;oa [I+ vj o9tdkh ;wxg4’y pvfl6’cs’j zqoleg]afwfhfh;p8qogv’ 4hkskd0kfdkol’qj glu, c]t dko[5d[noD X7af9kd;k]tlko <lbdlk.\\<j lt[a[mu $ xt9ew8,kfmu $}_*F |hk &){*W? 10

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{ dvo c,oj [fq xtgrf|’jb g-’jy ,du kolezfa gdktdkj pdoa gxoa c4; 7fn ’ja dvogIvn oD ]da ltotສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ 0v’dvo.o;ad|b’j 9t,u ( 7eF _ 7eF !! 7e s^n !& 7eD dvopa’,u7e[5rt[qf8n,j g0Qk0hk’|hk c]t 7elvh p8,jn g0kQ 0kh ’s’a^ D dvo,su k^ p-tofy 7Gn dvovkj oF dvoztspkF dvo]e c]t dvoIkj pD dkovkj odvo9tvkj o8k,]adltotxtdv[7e.oc8]j t;ad g-y’j dvo;ad|b’j 9t,ulv’8vo 3fp,uma’\\qf ( 7eF _ 7eF !! 7eF s^n s^kpl5f !& 7eD fa’j oAoF dkovkj o9t,u]adltot @ { # { $ { @ F @ { $ { & { @ s^n @ { & { * { @ S \\kp7;k,;kj .shvkj olv’7eoe|hk mugj xao7e[5rt[qf djvo 9kdoAo.sh15f|hvp|bj’ c]h;vjko8vo|hk c]t 15f|hvp|bj’ c]h;9bj’vjko8vos^a’D .od=]toumu,j u7elhvpxtdv[16oj e d=.sh15f|hvp|b’j c]h;9b’j vkj o7elhvpfa’j dkj ; fh;plP’mu-j hk c]t gpUod;kj D dkovkj odvo 9t,;j o8hv’vkj o1kj ’,u9a’s;tF ;adF 8voF I6h9ad0BolP’]q’lP’ 8k,7;k,g\\ktlq, c]t vkj o.sh]Pj ows^fuD { 37’ c,oj dvoxtgrf|’bj m,uj udkogovnj ’lP’dao gxaof’aj 37’dtf6d s^n 37’Ikj ’gInvomsuj k d=x5d.\\Dj 7e37’0v’]k;,us^kpc[[ 3fpdeoqf-gnj vUo8k,9eo;o7e mxuj tdv[g0Qk.o;ad|’bj M g-’yj wfhcd3j 7’lv’F 37’lk,F 37’lFuj 37’shkF 37’sqd c]t 37’g9afD dkovkj o37’9tvkj o8k, ]adltot0v’37’c8]j tc[[ c]t dkog;AolP’ s^n 15flP’.oc8]j t;adoAod=c,oj 0Boda[37’ c8]j tc[[g-aoj G dkovkj o37’lv’9tg;AolP’gmnvj ]t lv’7eF 37’lk,{lk,7eF 37’lu{j lu7j eF 37’shk{shk7eF 37’sqd{sqd7e c]t 4hkgxao37’ ( d=vkj o ( 7e 9b’j g;AolP’ s^n 15f |hvp|b’j dvj o9tvkj o;da 8+wxD { lko c,jodvoxtgrf|bj’ muj,u]adltotdkolezafgonjv’lP’dao7ndvovjkome,tfk c8;j kj dkoc8’j lkooAo gryoj 9t0Po8+gonvj ’dao8A’c88j Qo9qo9q[[qfD [6Ikog7up.-hlko grnvj 0Po lqj’0jk;7k;skdao s^n 0Po8+cpdao]ts;jk’[jk;lk;D dkovjkolko9tvjko8k,]adltot 0v’lko g-’jy lko9tc8’j gxoa c4;pk; c]t ,du kolezfa govjn ’lP’doa wxg]vN pM9oq 9[q [fq D ltooA F g;]kvkj olko9t8hv’g;AolP’ s^n 15flP’c8]j t[vj o.sh4nd8hv’F 9t0BolP’F ]q’lP’ 16[j vj o.f 9’jb 9tg\\ktl,q D g;kQ ];,c];h dkovkj olkod7= kh p7dn [a dkovkj odvovojn M 8kj ’c8;j kj dkovkj o lko9tvkj o8+doa wxg]vN pMD III. lnjdkoIPo{dkolvo { xB,c[[IPo c]t xB,76,j n76 rklk]k; -Ao ,D@ { ;fa 9tokod5 ,q rklk]k;D { xB,dk[F dvoF 37’F lko s^n [qfdk[F dvoF 37’F lkomu,j u.o|a’lnry, s^n ;k]tlko 8kj ’M0v’]k;D 12

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@D lvodjP;da[7;k,\\kp c]t s^addko.odkovjko7eIhvpdv’ ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ { 7o6 egvkq [fq 7eIvh pdv’8;q 9’y g-’jy vkfgxoa xtgrfdk[F dvoF 37’ sn^ lkom0ju Pow;.h ox,B F |a’lnry, s^n ;k]tlko8kj ’M ,k.shoadIPogsao c]t [vdr;dg0qk;kj G oUc,oj [qf7eIhvpdv’D { 76vtmy[kpdPj ;da[7;k,\\kp0v’7eIhvpdv’.o0=h ! c]t s^addko.odkovkj o7eIhvp dv’.o0=h @ .shoadIPoma’\\qfg0Qk.91kj ’9tc9h’D @D! lvodjP;da[dkovjko7eIhvpdv’xtgrfdk[ { 76vtmy[kpdPj ;da[7;k,\\kp0v’7eIhvpdv’xtgrfdk[ c]t dkovkj o7eIhvpdv’ xtgrfdk[.o0=h #D ! .sh oadIPog0Qk.91kj ’9tc9h’D { 7o6 egvkq [fq dk[.o8;q 1kj ’,kcotoe;ymudkovkj o.soh da IPo2’a D { .shoadIPovkj odk[fa’j dkj ;.o.9 c]t me7;k,g0Qk.9goNv.o0v’dk[fa’j dkj ;D 4hk,u 7e4k,d=.s[h oa mdb w;dh vj ogrvnj 9twf4h k,7.6 og;]k8+wxD { .soh da IPo9eo;o|’jb vkj ovvdlP’dk[f’ja dkj ;gmvnj ]t7oq D { 4hkla’gdfgsao;kj z6h.fz6h|b’j [+8A’.9vkj o sn^ vkj o[+wfh 767;o8A’7e4k,dPj ;da[myfltfu 0v’dkovkj odk[grvjn mfq lv[ c]t 4k,zoh6 oA dvj o\\Dj6 4kh 8v[[w+ fh d7= ;o8da g8vn o c]t cotoe .shgsao7;k,le7ao0v’dkovjkodk[ c]t .sh8A’.9vjkoD 9kdoAo9bj’vto5pkf.shz6hvnjo8v[ 7e4k,ooA M 4kh ;kj zdh6 Pj ;p’a 8v[[+4ndgmvnj D { .soh da IPo[vdgoNv.o0v’dk[mwuj fvh kj oD { l5fmhkp769bj’vkj o c]t lts^5[.shoadIPoma’\\qfg0Qk.91jk’]tvPf c]t 9tc9h’;kj G goNv.o0v’dk[[qfoUc,jog;Qkg4y’dkolaj’lvo]6ds^ko0v’x6j g-yj’4ngxaoz6h.spjmuj,u7;k,I6hF ,uxtlq[dko.odkovq[Iq,[qj,lvo]6ds^ko.shI6h9adle,k7k]t;tF I6h9ad1egd’z6h.spjF I6h9ad mu8j Omulj 6’F I6h9ad;kj vao.flq,7;ogIaf c]t vao.f[+lq,7;ogIaf f’aj oUgxao8QoD { g,vjn oerkg/dy dkovkj odk[r.= -wh fh sn^ fcu ];h F 4kh ,3u vdkfd7= ;o9fa dkoc0’j 0oa vkj odk[ g-’jy vkf9tgxoa dkoc0’j 0oa ]ts;kj ’[d5 7oq d[a [d5 7oq rkp.osvh ’ sn^ ]ts;kj ’svh ’d[a svh ’rkp .o3I’IPoS rvh ,doa odU 7= ;o,]u k’;oa pvh ,oE.98k,7;k,vkflk,kf.oc8]j t]tf[a grvjn gxoa dkoxd5 ]tf,q 0t[;odkovkj o.s2h fq 2oN c]t ,[u oa pkdkfD dko9fa dkoc0’j 0oa vkj ooU vkfgxoa ;ymu|’bj 0v’dyf9tdem9uj t-;j pdt85ho.shoadIPo,u7;k,lqo.9 c]t ,advkj odk[.o0Ao8+wxD { cotoedkogIaf[qfg/ydsaf s^n ;Pd[hkoG .shoadIPoc8]j t7qog/ydvkj odk[[qf.f[qf|b’j mu,j u16.j oxB,F |a’lnry, s^n ;k]tlko8kj ’M0v’]k; c]t oegvqk,kvkj o.sh762a’D 14

ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ@D@ lvodjP;da[dkovjko7eIhvpdv’xtgrfdvo { 76vtmy[kpdPj ;da[7;k,\\kp0v’7eIhvpcdh;xtgrfdvo c]t dkovkj o7eIhvpcdh; xtgrfdvoma’ $ xtgrf7nG dvovkj oF dvoztspkF dvo]e c]t dvoIkj p .shoadIPog0Qk.9 1kj ’9tc9h’ c]t g]ydg-y’j D { 9afoadIPovvdgxao $ d,5j grnvj .shc8]j td5,j vkj odvod5,j ]txtgrfD { .s8h ;q cmo0v’oda IPod,j5 mu ! vkj ovvdlP’dvovkj oF rvh ,m’a [vdgovN .o0v’dvovkj o f’aj dkj ;D { 76vkj o c]t lts^5[dkovkj o.shoadIPo2a’F rhv,ma’[vdgoNv.o0v’dvovkj ofa’j dkj ;7nG goNv.o0v’dvovkj o[fq oUc,oj g;kQ g4y’dko0Ph o8um=]t,ko doa sk c]t -k]u 0v’rk,t3og4kQ phvo;kj r+7nG rtg;flaofvowfhrt]k-tmkodaosk c]t -k]u .shrk,t3og4QkF c8dj aosk c]t -k]u [+lt\\da .9wxoerk,t3og4kQ 3fpfu rk,g4kQ 9’jb wf0h Ph o8du oa sk c]t -k]u f’ja .o[fq dvooDU { .sh8q;cmo0v’oadIPod5,j mu @ vkj ovvdlP’dvoztspkF rhv,ma’[vdgoNv.o0v’ dvoztspkf’ja dkj ;D { 76vkj o c]t lts^5[dkovkj o.shoadIPo2a’F rhv,ma’[vdgoNv.o0v’dvoztspkf’ja dkj ; 7nG [qfdvoztspkma’\\qfoUc,oj dvoztspk mu.j -hgrnvj g;QkdhP;dao0v’76[j kj ;lk;.o]adltot 0v’dkoxP[mP[8oq gv’ c]t /kj pd’q doa 0kh ,.lsj k^ pl’jy sk^ p1kj ’8k,xtgroDu l;j odvoztspk rklyf.o8q;1kj ’8+wxc,oj gxao]adltot7el5rklyf mu.j sh0=h7yf c]t 7t8yg8nvo.9wx8k,goNv.o 0v’c8]j t[qf.oc8]j t0uf|hkD { .sh8q;cmo0v’oadIPod5,j mu # vkj ovvdlP’dvo]eF rhv,ma’[vdgoNv.o0v’dvo]e f’aj dkj ;D { 76vkj o c]t lts^5[dkovkj o.shoadIPo2a’F rhv,ma’[vdgoNv.o0v’dvo]efa’j dkj ;7nG govN .o0v’dvo]eoU c,oj g;kQ g4’y dko]edPh ;lk;0v’z[h6 kj ; g-’jy z[h6 kj ;wf,h kr[q rzh= lh6 k;mlju ;p ’k,F 4ndvqd4nd.9 c]t 1kd0=dhP;rk]klu c]t 1kdwfhwxgxao767j v’D { .sh8q;cmo0v’oadIPod5,j mu $ vkj ovvdlP’dvoIkj pF rhv,m’a [vdgoNv.o0v’dvo Ikj pf’ja dkj ;D { 76vkj o c]t lts^5[dkovkj o.shoadIPo2a’F rhv,ma’[vdgoNv.o0v’dvoIkj pfa’j dkj ;7nG dvoIjkpoU,ugoNv.og;Qkg4y’\\=rvo g-yj’gxaoz6hl6f0;aowfh;Y’;vog4y’lyj’ladlyfma’x;’.o3]d .sh,kxqdxhv’75h,7v’z6h.fz6h|’bj s^n 7v[7q;.f|’bj .o,N’k,pk,fu7nG .o,N[klul06j ;ao.shoUgv’D 15

{ 4hkla’gdfgsao;kj z6h.fz6h|b’j [+8A’.9vkj o sn^ vkj o[+wfh 767;o8A’7e4k,dPj ;da[myfltfu ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ 0v’dkovkj odvogrvjn mfq lv[ c]t 4k,zoh6 oA dvj o\\Dj6 4kh 8v[[w+ fh d7= ;o8da g8vn o c]t cotoe.sh gsoa 7;k,le7oa 0v’dkovkj odvo c]t .s8h ’A .9vkj oD 9kdooA 9’jb vtop5 kf.szh vh6 ojn 8v[7e4k, ooA M 4kh ;kj zdh6 Pj ;p’a 8v[[+4ndgmvnj D { g,vjn oerkg/dy dkovkj odvor.= -wh fh sn^ fcu ];h F 4kh ,3u vdkfd7= ;o9fa dkoc0’j 0oa vkj odvo g-’jy vkf9tgxoa dkoc0’j 0oa ]ts;kj ’[d5 7oq d[a [d5 7oq rkp.osvh ’ sn^ ]ts;kj ’svh ’d[a svh ’rkp .o3I’IPoS rvh ,doa odU 7= ;o,]u k’;oa pvh ,oE.98k,7;k,vkflk,kf.oc8]j t]tf[a grvjn gxoa dkoxd5 ]tf,q 0t[;odkovkj o.s2h fq 2oN c]t ,[u oa pkdkfD dko9fa dkoc0’j 0oa vkj ooU vkfgxoa ;ymu|’bj 0v’dyf9tdem9uj t-;j pdt85ho.shoadIPo,u7;k,lqo.9 c]t ,advkj odvo.o0Ao8+wxD { cotoedkogIaf[qfg/ydsaf s^n ;Pd[hkoG .shoadIPoc8]j t7qog/ydvkj o[qfdvomu.j sh.o[qf g/ydsaf <cl’lbdlk< c]t <mk’s^kpglAo< rhv,ma’[vdgoNv.o0v’[qfdvo fa’j dkj ;oefh;pD 7e8v[G { goNv.o0v’[qfdvo <cl’lbdlk<G goNv.o0v’dvo[qfoUc,oj g;Qkg4y’dkolbdlk .shcl’ lts;kj ’cd-j u;yfF .sh7;k,I6h c]t .shlt8yxaopkvaocs^,7q,cd7j qogIqkD r;dgIqkm5d7qo7;o wfIh [a dkoldb lk grvjn 9twf,h 7u ;k,IFh6 7;k,lk,kf c]t ,lu t8xy oa pk voa ltsP^ ;ltsk^ f grvjn 9t wfoh egvkq lt8xy oa pkf’ja dkj ;,k.-.h sgh dfu xt3spf.odkofe]’q -;u fy I;j ,d[a zvh6 ojn M1kj ’,7u ;k,ld5 .o3]doU f’ja 7eg;kQ m;ju kj G cl’lts;kj ’0v’3]d7rn tvkmfy cl’lts;kj ’0v’-;u fy 7dn koldb lkD { govN .o0v’[fq dvo <mk’sk^ pgloA <G govN .o0v’dvo[fq ocU ,oj g;kQ g4’y .o-;u fy 0v’7oq gIkq ,mu k’.sgh ]vn dgfou w8sj k^ pgloA f;h pdoa S .oooA ,mu ’a gloA mlju k,kfoerkgIkq wxl7j6 ;k,leg]fa c]t wxl6j7;k,s^Q,gs^;D dvo[qfoU[vd.shI6h;jkG c8j]t7qo,ulyfg]nvdmk’gfuo0v’8qogv’;jk 9twx8k,mk’glAo.f g-yj’gxao7t8yg8nvo.9.shr;dgIqk;jkG gIqk8hv’gry’7yfry9k]tok.shfu dvj o9tg]nvdmk’gloA .f grvjn [+.sgh lp.98k,rkps^’a ooA gv’D @D# lvodjP;da[dkovjko7eIhvpdv’xtgrf37’ { 76vtmy[kpdPj ;da[7;k,\\kp0v’7eIhvpdv’xtgrf37’ c]t dkovkj o7eIhvpdv’ xtgrf37’F 8A’c83j 7’lv’ g4y’37’g9af.o0=h #D # .shoadIPog0Qk.91kj ’9tc9h’ c]t g]ydg-y’j D { 9afoadIPovvdgxao * d,5j grnvj .shc8]j td,5j vkj o37’d,5j ]txtgrfD { .sh8q;cmo0v’oadIPod5,j mu ! vkj ovvdlP’37’lv’ .o8q;1kj ’ ! c]t 8q;1kj ’ @F rhv,ma’[vdgoNv.o0v’37’faj’djk;D l5fmhkp76gxaoz6hvjko c]t lts^5[.shoadIPo2a’vud;jkG goNv.o0v’37’lv’.o8q;1jk’ ! c,jog;Qkg4y’dkogIaf7aog[af8hv’.sh];’pk;0v’7aog[af 16

4nd8hv’8k,3ld X4nd3ld? 9b’j 9tlk,kfwx8bdxk\\ko Xwfhs^kp?D l;j ogoNv.o0v’37’lv’ .o8q;1kj ’ @ c,oj g;Qkg4y’rbf8ydedkoxtrbf s^n dkodtme0v’lafc8]j txtgrf7nG 3’o’qd c,oj -kh ’ -qdd;Po < ’q; sPocvoj < 7f5 c[oj 38 < c,; 3lrk[ < ]k-tlu ok[2ko < glvn skooE < okd -E3do < |6 { .sh8q;cmo0v’oadIPod5,j mu @ vkj ovvdlP’37’lk, .o8q;1kj ’ ! c]t 8q;1kj ’ @F rhv,ma’[vdgoNv.o0v’37’faj’djk;D l5fmhkp76gxaoz6hvjko c]t lts^5[.shoadIPo2a’vud7nG goNv.o0v’37’lk,.o8q;1kj ’ ! c,oj g;Qkg4y’g;]kgIafdv’8hv’.sh|hkdv’4nd8hv’8k,3ld X|kh dv’4dn 3ld? grvjn .sdh v’|;j pf’ja dkj ;f’a ,;j oF f’a m,h5 c]t f’a wdS rvh ,m’a ,zu 7h6 oq ,kg8kQ 3I,F ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ opy ,q -,q -v[ sn^ s’ja^ wsd^ oa ,k2’a lP’dv’ooA 1kj ’s;^ ’sk^ pD l;j ogovN .o0v’37’lk, .o8;q 1kj ’ @ c,oj gxaoxtgrf7em;kpmu\\j kpg4y’;af45 c]t laf8kj ’M7nG 8,5j dk’f’q c,oj lP’xon D -’q dk’s;h p < 85h,.lxj kD l;h pdk’]e < lkdD -edk’0;j ’ < \\kD ];j ’dk’gIvn o < c,;D { .s8h ;q cmo0v’oda IPod,j5 mu # vkj ovvdlP’37’lFju rvh ,m’a [vdgovN .o0v’37’f’ja dkj ;D l5fmhkp76gxaoz6hvkj o c]t lts^5[.shoadIPo2a’7nG oUc,oj 7em.uj -hle]a[dk[ws;hg;]k[6-krtD { .sh8q;cmo0v’oadIPod5,j mu $ vkj ovvdlP’37’shkF rhv,ma’[vdgoNv.o0v’37’fa’j dkj ;D l5fmhkp76gxaoz6hvkj o c]t lts^5[.shoadIPo2a’7nG 37’[qfoUc,oj .-hg;Qk.og;]kshk’cIh; .llj af grnvj .shdkoshk’cIh;fa’j dkj ;4nd3ld c]t .shlaf,k4nd X\\ko?D { .s8h ;q cmo0v’oda IPod,j5 mu & vkj ovvdlP’37’sdq F rvh ,m’a [vdgovN .o0v’37’f’ja dkj ; c]t 76gxaoz6hlts^5[.shoadIPo2a’7nG 37’sqdoUc,oj .-hle]a[3ldx6dg7nvj ’8k,;ao8kj ’M grnvj .sh wfzh oq fDu 17

{ .sh8q;cmo0v’oadIPod5,j mu * vkj ovvdlP’37’g9afF rhv,ma’[vdgoNv.o0v’37’fa’j ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ dkj ;D lf5 mkh p7g6 xoa zvh6 kj o c]t lts[5^ .soh da IPo2’a 7Gn 37’g9fa ogU rojy 0Po.o|’a lzn d6 g]vjn ’mkh ;I’j5 mhk;g9nv’ g-y’j g;Qkg4y’fvdw,h,us^kds^kpdyoj c]t lulaoS ,uma’16.j oxkj fq’F r6zk c]t .o[hko g-yj’z6h0PowfhxP[mP[[aofkfvdw,hfaj’djk;.ljz6hpy’;jkG z6hpy’d=,us^kpc[[s^kp-toyf7ndaoda[ fvdw,hoAocs^tD { 4hkla’gdfgsao;kj z6h.fz6h|b’j [+8A’.9vkj o sn^ vkj o[+wfh 767;o8A’7e4k,dPj ;da[myfltfu 0v’dkovkj o37’grvjn mfq lv[ c]t 4k,zoh6 oA dvj o\\Dj6 4kh 8v[[+wfh d7= ;o8da g8vn o c]t cotoe .shgsao7;k,le7ao0v’dkovjko37’ c]t .sh8A’.9vjkoD 9kdoAo9bj’vto5pkf.shz6hvnjo8v[ 7e4k,ooA M 4kh ;kj zdh6 Pj ;p’a 8v[[+4ndgmvnj D { l5fmhkp76.sh3vdkfoadIPo4k,F 768v[7e4k,0v’oadIPo c]t lts^5[goNv.o0v’37’ c8]j t[fq g-’jy o[a 8’A c83j 7’lv’ g4’y 37’g9fa 8k,]ef[a grvjn .soh da IPom’a \\fq g0kQ .91kj ’]tvPf c]t 9tc9h’8n,j vudD { g,vjn oerkg/dy dkovkj o37’r.= -wh fh sn^ fcu ];h F 4kh ,3u vdkfd7= ;o9fa dkoc0’j 0oa vkj o37’ g-’yj vkf9tgxoa dkoc0’j 0oa ]tf[a [d5 7oq d[a [d5 7oq rkp.osvh ’ s^n ]ts;kj ’svh ’d[a svh ’rkp.o 3I’IPoS rhv,daooUF d=7;o,u]k’;aophv,oE.98k,7;k,vkflk,kf.oc8]j t]tfa[ grvnj gxao dkoxd5 ]tf,q 0t[;odkovkj o.s2h fq 2oN c]t ,[u oa pkdkfD dko9fa dkoc0’j 0oa vkj ooU vkfgxoa ;ymu|’bj 0v’dyf9tdem9uj t-;j pdt85ho.shoadIPo,u7;k,lqo.9 c]t ,advkj o37’.o0Ao8+wxD { cotoedkogIaf[qfg/ydsaf s^n ;Pd[hkoG .shoadIPoc8]j t7qog/ydvkj o37’[qf.f[qf|b’j mu,j u.oxB,F ;k]tlko s^n |a’lnry,8kj ’M0v’]k;D @D$ lvodjP;da[dkovjko7eIhvpdv’xtgrflko { 76vtmy[kpdPj ;da[7;k,\\kp0v’7eIhvpdv’xtgrflko c]t dkovkj o7eIhvpdv’ xtgrflko.o0=h #D$ .shoadIPog0Qk.91kj ’9tc9h’ c]t g]ydg-y’j D { 9afoadIPovvdgxao @ d5,j c]t .shc8]j td5,j vkj olkod5,j ]t ! [qfD { .sh8q;cmo0v’oadIPod,5j mu ! vkj ovvdlP’lko.o8q;1kj ’ <lkosq’mu/j kj p-kp0Po<F rhv,ma’[vdgoNv.o0v’lkof’aj dkj ;D l5fmhkp76gxaoz6hvkj o c]t lts^5[.shoadIPo2a’;kj G goNv.o 0v’lko[fq ogU ;kQ g4’y G /kj p-kpwflh ,q ,f5 8oq gv’;kj gxoa 7sn ’q 8;q |’jb m[ju oy g;oju g;skwxg]vN pM grvjn -vdsk8oQ 3rw- grvjn 9twf]h ’q wx9[a rda rkvkwl g-’jy \\kp7;k,;kj G -vdskp’y lk; zmh6 8ju oq 9t,k gxoa 7-j6 ;u fy D { .s8h ;q cmo0v’oda IPod,j5 mu @ vkj ovvdlP’lko .o8;q 1kj ’ <lkos’q m/ju kj pp’y 0Po8v[<F rhv,ma’[vdgoNv.o0v’lkof’ja dkj ;D l5fmhkp76gxaoz6hvkj o c]t lts^5[.shoadIPo2a’7nG /kj ppy’ 18

ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດwflh ,q ,f5 8oq gv’;kj gxoa 78n oQ 3rw-m8ju Og8ph g-’jy \\kp7;k,;kj G [,+ 8u tdo5 ]o5 -kfmlju ’6 l’jq g\\vn os’q c]t 1hko;kj sq’-y[+]q’,k’vp X/kj p-kp-y[+,k,adF [+,kg]nvdgvqk8qowxgxao77j6 v’?D { 4hkla’gdfgsao;kj z6h.fz6h|b’j [+8A’.9vkj o sn^ vkj o[+wfh 767;o8A’7e4k,dPj ;da[myfltfu 0v’dkovkj olkogrvjn mfq lv[ c]t 4k,zoh6 oA dvj o\\Dj6 4kh 8v[[+wfh d7= ;o8da g8vn o c]t cotoe .shgsao7;k,le7ao0v’dkovjkolko c]t .sh8A’.9vjkoD 9kdoAo9bj’vto5pkf.shz6hvnjo8v[ 7e4k,ooA M 4kh ;kj zdh6 Pj ;p’a 8v[[+4ndgmvnj D { l5fmhkp 76.sh3vdkfoadIPo4k,F 768v[7e4k, c]t lts^5[goNv.o0v’lkof’aj dkj ;.sh oadIPoma’\\qfg0Qk.91kj ’]tvPf c]t 9tc9h’8,nj vudD { g,vjn oerkg/dy dkovkj olkor.= -wh fh sn^ fcu ];h F 4kh ,3u vdkfd7= ;o9fa dkoc0’j 0oa vkj olko g-’yj vkf9tgxoa dkoc0’j 0oa ]tf[a [d5 7oq d[a [d5 7oq rkp.osvh ’ s^n ]ts;kj ’svh ’d[a svh ’rkp.o 3I’IPoS rhv,daooUd=7;o,u]k’;aophv,oE.98k,7;k,vkflk,kf.oc8]j t]tfa[ grnvj gxao dkoxd5 ]tf,q 0t[;odkovkj o.s2h fq 2oN c]t ,[u oa pkdkfD dko9fa dkoc0’j 0oa vkj oovU kfgxoa ;ymu|’bj 0v’dyf9tdem9uj t-;j pdt85ho.shoadIPo,u7;k,lqo.9 c]t ,advkj olko.o0Ao8+wxD { cotoedkogIaf[qfg/ydsaf s^n ;Pd[hkoG .shoadIPoc8j]t7qog/ydvjkolko9kdxB,F ;k]tlko s^n |a’lnry, .shwfhz6h]t ! [qfD V. dko;af c]t xtg,uozqo la’gdf9kdG { dkoloq mtok c]t dkovvd7e7fy 7egsoa 8kj ’M0v’oda IPoc8]j t7oq .og;]k7p6 dq gvkq sq;0=h.f|’bj 0Bo,klqomtok s^n .shoadIPo,ul;j oxtdv[.odkovvd7e7yf7egsao8kj ’MD { dko8v[7e4k,0v’oadIPoc8]j t7qo;kj 4nd8hv’ c]t zyffPj ’s^kp|hvprP’.f c]t dko8v[7e4k,ooA gxoa wxc[[vklklt\\da s^n 7g6 xoa z[h6 ’jq -Dnj { dkogIafdyf9tde8q;9y’0v’oadIPoc8]j t7qo.og;]kgIafdyf9tdec8]j t7A’ g-y’j vkf 9tgxaodyf9tdec[[l;j o8q; s^n l;j o];,D d;fzqo’ko9kdG { dkogIfa ;Pd[kh o.oc8]j t7’A 0v’oda IPoc8]j t7oq D 19

[qfvjkogruj, dvo <1k[hkrkgr< 3fpG -kpfvo.8h \\qflq’7k,g0aoj 0hk xtgmfvonj ,kId5 Iko c8dzkj pxtgIvn o-ko l’jy 0v’mv’.-h zq;{g,p wx7qodE fyocfoxtgmfvonj [k’7qo ,5f,vf,hPo g,nv2hkll6j ts;ao dkog;]kzkj orQo g]vjn ’7;k,md5 [oa gmkq ]’q oE8k-,b g-kq skp wfoh ’ja sq;[kocph, ]6d{zq;{g,p -5,g0Qk rkfP;wfhvq[vo5j pk,c]’ovozkh s,jq 8,h5 .osvh ’cs’j fP; lq’7k,.\\wj fhgduf0Bo p’yj clomd5 m]= t,ko xko;kj ovodv’w2 [+gsvn fskpc]’g-kQ gxoa f’ja 7[n I6 kog;kQ 9k,k8’A c8dj vj o gxufc8rj s=h kj dhv, raf,kr=hskj s^;’ ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ ]6d-kp.spcj ddj hk gxoa [kj ;r;,cp’ rafwx8yfco;[+fu d,5j 0t[;o1k[hk c8]j t;ao9k0hk [yfkr+ c]t c,j ]da g’yo7eg-vjn ’w;h [vj o.fooA dt[+p’a pk,wfhdyowxg]kts^Yo skmPj ;dk’7on wx-5,g[p-5,lk; 7db 7tov’govn ’]oQ gdfu 8du oa 2oa 0kh gxoa g]vjn ’,kpkdr+c,j wxskg]kt.-|h U 7tfug]vnj ’1l6j ;6j ao oE8kc,1j kfphvp ]yo]’ja [+,u1f5 7v[7;q g7up-,5 c-; ,;j o]t’q,c]’g-Qk [afoU grra’,hk’ c]’rk’kp,yf,uj -5,r;dvhkp c]t ohv’ wx7qodEcd;j wd 9a’j c,oj o=r;d[kh zt]yfvvd{m’a s^kp -kj ’d+demeg;o 1[j6 +g-kq c]’g-kQ de9fa glp.s,h oa lYo 9kdznofyoxtgmf-kf 1kj .sgh s^nv17j6 hk’ .sh3I,8hko-;j pdao cfgj ouD X7af9kd|a’lnry, <;P’9ao.\\<j lt[a[ ;aomu !W daopk @WW_F |hk #? 20

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