Maxim Book 9_Sunil_2075_final for press

Relative Clauses Read the conversation and underline the relative clauses. A : Why were you absent last week? B : Actually I was on holiday. A : Where did you go? B : I went to Pokhara, where I had a nice time. A : When did you go there? B : I went there on Friday when our school was closed. A : With whom did you go there? B : I went there with a friend of mine who knows the place very well. A : Did you see anything exciting? B : Yes, I went to Lake Fewa, where I enjoyed boating. I also saw Davis Fall, which is also very famous. Here are some photographs that we took during our visit. A : It sounds like you enjoyed a lot. B : Yes, it’s a place where I would like to go back. We use relative pronouns like who, which, whose, whom and that or relative adverbs like when, where and why to form relative clauses. Relative clauses add extra information to a sentence by defining a noun. There are two types of relative clauses – defining and non-defining. M Defining relative clause: It is a clause that forms an essential part of a sentence, without which the sentence would not make sense. A person who habitually tells lies is called a liar. It is a defining relative clause. It is an essential part of a sentence. The definition of a liar would be incomplete if we removed the underlined part. M Non-defining relative clause: This clause is not essential in the completion of a sentence. It just provides us with additional information about a subject, but it does not define it. My uncle, who is a football player, goes running every day. It is a non-defining relative clause. It adds extra information to the sentence. If we take the clause out of the sentence, the sentence still has the same meaning. Book 9 151

Defining and Non-defining Relative Clauses Non-defining relative clauses Defining relative clauses n Non-defining relative clauses give extra n Defining relative clauses give essential information about the person or thing in the information about the person or thing in the main clause. The extra information is not main clause. It tells us which person or thing essential. we are talking about. This is the book which everyone wants to Dark Hour, which is one of the most read. successful novels, was published in 2004. n There are no commas in defining relative clauses. n In non-defining relative clauses, we put a n We can replace who or which with that in comma before and after the main clause. defining relative clauses. n Who, which, that and when can be omitted n We use the relative pronouns who, which, when they are the object of the verb in the whose, where and when in non-defining second clause. relative clauses. There’s the man that the police have been looking for. n The non-defining relative pronoun cannot be n Whose and where can’t be omitted. omitted. Kunal, who lives next door to us, plays in a rock band. 1. Join the sentences. Use who, which, 2. Join the sentences. Use who, which, that, where or when. whose, where or when. Bivan is very good-looking. (He’s That’s the school. I used to go to it. That’s the school that I used to go to. Biva’s brother.) Bivan, who is Biva’s brother, is very good-looking. 1. The book is about a murder on the Nile. 1. There’s the boy. I was telling you (It was written by Agatha Christie.) about him. ............................................................................... 2. The diamond necklace has been found by the police. ............................................................ (It was stolen last week.) 2. That was the day . They got married ............................................................................... 3. Mona lives in Kathmandu. then. (She is a good singer.) ............................................................ ............................................................................... 3. She’s the girl. Her brother plays in the 4. My friend Arman wants to do media studies. (His father is a TV presenter.) football team. ............................................................................... ............................................................ 5. The new club plays great music. 4. That’s the cafe. I meet my friends (Jenny works there.) ............................................................................... there. 6. My holiday in Delhi was wonderful. ............................................................ (I first met Mr. Kunal there.) 5. This is the film. I’ve been waiting to ............................................................................... 7. The new band is very good. see it for ages. (It was formed last year.) ............................................................ ............................................................................... 6. Have you met the girl? She’s going out with Mohan. ............................................................ 7. These are the slippers. I bought them yesterday. ............................................................ Book 9 152

Some more examples: Defining relative clauses: He is the boy who topped the class. We met a friendly tourist who came from Australia. The book which my sister bought last week is very useful for me. The suitcase which we purchased last week is very strong. We met everyone who passed the final exam. Is there anyone who can speak French? Those who passed the test will be taught by Mr. Sahani. This is the year when they should start working. The place where they work is very nice. The room where I did my homework is quiet and spacious. I returned to the village where I had spent my childhood. Non-defining relative clauses: Raman, who works in a bank, has decided to leave his job. Yesterday I met Anjali, who told me about her father’s business. (comma) Mr. Koirala, who died in 1985, was a great singer. (two commas) The book, which is on the table, is very useful for me. The sack, which was full of rocks, was too heavy to lift. I invited Ragini, whose brother is a good friend of mine. I went back to the Everest Hotel, where I found my friends waiting for me. I will meet you at 2 o’clock, when you have a break at your school. My best holiday was in 1998, when I met Riya in Dubai. He came from Delhi, where I visited two years ago. I told you about the woman who lives next door. who refer to people (the subject of the verb) Yesterday she met Anil, who bought this house last week. whose whom Did you see anyone who has got long beard? that refer to possession for people, animals Do you know the boy whose mother is a nurse? and things Anita, whose brother is a singer, has gone to the USA. which The dogs whose puppies are in the kennel are well trained. when why I was invited by the girl whom I met at the airport. where refer to people (the object of the verb) The man whom you saw is an inspector. The girl whom you talked to is a dancer. animals and things (‘which’ is also The cat that ate that packet of biscuits is very clever. possible. ‘That’ sometimes refers to I don’t like the table that/which stands in the kitchen. people also.) All the students that passed the test are preparing for the final exam. (All the students who........) after ‘all, everything, something, There is still something that needs to be discussed. anything, nothing, etc.’ You can take everything that you want. Is there anything that I can do for you? subject or object pronoun for animals Do you see the cat which is lying on the roof? and things The book, which was published last month, was about women empowerment. time My best holiday was in 1997, when I met Anu in Darjeeling. He arrived on the day when the school was closed. reason Can you tell me the reason why she began to weep? The reason why I have come here is to meet your brother. place This is the village where the criminal was arrested. This is the hotel where we can eat Chinese food. Book 9 153

1Test Yourself Rewrite the following sentences choosing correct relative clauses from the brackets: 1. This is the novel ………….. I want to read. (that, what, where) 2. Do you like the school ……….. Anita studies? (when, where, why) 3. This is the boy ……….. had an accident. (who, whose, whom) 4. I met a girl ………….. can play the guitar with her teeth. (who, whose, whom) 5. This is the man ………….. house is on fire. (who, whose, whom) 6. The book ………….. you gave me is great. (where, that, who) 7. She likes hamburgers ……….. are hot. (which, when , what) 8. Can I talk to the girl ……….. is sitting on the bench? (who, whose, whom) 9. Look! That’s the actress………..mother is from my village. (whose, who, that) 10. Kumar is wearing a dress ……….. is too big for him. (where, what, that) 11. Do you know anyone ……….. can repair my watch? (who, whose, whom) 12. Anita was wearing a hat ………….. was too big for her. (which, whose, what) 13. Do you know the boy ……….. can solve the puzzle? (who, whose, whom) 14. The workers ……….. work in this factory are highly paid. (who, whose, whom) 15. The girl ……….. phoned didn’t give her name. (who, whose, whom) 16. My coat, ……….. was very expensive, is over there. (which, why, what) 17. The bag ……….. the man is carrying is very heavy. (that, what, when) 18. The camera ……….. the girl is carrying is very expensive. (that, what, when) 19. His brother ….. studies in Grade X loves strange movies. (who, whose, whom) 20. What’s the name of the river ….. flows through the valley? (that, what, where) 2Test Yourself Rewrite the following sentences choosing correct relative clauses from the brackets: 1. She likes to wear clothes ………….. are too small for her. (that, when, where) 2. Marie Curie, …………..was born in Poland, was a scientist. (who, whose, that) 3. I have a friend ………….. is very good at skiing. (who, whose, whom) 4. Have you ever met anybody………..name is Nimesh? (who, whose, whom) 5. The Yadavs live in a house ………….. is very old. (that, when, where) 6. Have you seen the doll……….. I bought at the supermarket? (that, what, where) 7. Henri Becquerel was the scientist……..discovered X-rays. (who, whose, whom) 8. My uncle, ………..you met last week, is a football player. (that, whose, whom) 9. The boys with ………….. I was playing were very strong. (who, whose, whom) 10. My friends,…………..never study well, will fail the exam. (who, whose, whom) 11. The lodge …….. we stayed last month was near the lake. (which, what, where) 12. The teachers ………..work in this school are highly paid. (who, whose, whom) 13. The dress ………….. Raman is wearing is very expensive. (where, that, what) 14. Do you know the man ……...…car you crashed into? (who, whose, whom) 15. The man to … you gave the ticket was not very grateful. (whom, whose, what) 16. Near the gate stood a man ….. looked very familiar to me. (whom, whose, who) 17. The park ………… I saw a nice pine tree is now closed. (where, when, which) Book 9 154

18. There are many reasons ……… I don’t like this course. (what, how, why) 19. In 2010, …………. my uncle was living with me, this gas stove was bought. (when, what, where) 20. Near the time ………….. the song will be sung, light the candles on the cake. (when, what, where) 3Test Yourself Fill each blank with a correct relative clause. 1. This is the time ............. I am in need of some good friends. 2. Is there anyone ............. knows how this machine works? 3. Help is needed for families ............. homes were flooded. 4. The people ............. were crossing the street are trying to get a better view. 5. The woman ............. is talking to your mother is my aunt. 6. The man ............. is standing by the window is my uncle. 7. All the candidates ............. were selected were given a second interview. 8. This the man ............. I was talking to you about. 9. My father is a man ............. believes in discipline. 10. This is the place ............. I found the watch. 11. The book ............. I am reading comes from the library. 12. The people ............. you met at the party are all old friends of mine. 13. What’s the name of the person……….. first landed on the moon? 14. Charlie Chaplin, ……….. was born in England, was a great film comedian. 15. What is the name of the park ……….. we had a picnic last month? 16. Beijing, ……….. my father studied for three years, used to be called Peking. 17. Do you remember the boy ……….. was playing the guitar at the concert? 18. The White House, ……….. was built in 1856, is an important local monument. 19. Sudha, ………..husband is a computer designer, has only one daughter. 20. The book, ……….. was written by Mr. Basnet, is missing from the library. 21. The answers,……….. you find in the back of the book, are sometimes incorrect. 22. I don’t know exactly………..I’m going to support in the upcoming election. 23. Mrs Yadav’s daughter, Nirya, ……….. lives in New York, sent a message to me. 24. What is the name of the singer……...has written our national anthem? 25. Mr. Sahani,………..the police are trying to find has surrendered himself after his supply of food ran out. 26. Do you remember………..received the Academy Award for best actress that year? Was it Nicole Kidman? 4Test Yourself Join the sentences with the relative clauses given in the brackets: 1. There’s the boy. He broke the window. (who) 2. You met a man at the party. He is a famous writer. (who) 3. My friend came to the party. He’s a singer. (who) Book 9 155

4. There are the policemen. They caught the thief. (who) 5. I used to live in Dharan. I was born and went to school there. (where) 6. The man is always making a noise. He lives next door. (who) 7. They helped a man. He was injured. (who) 8. What’s the name of the lady? She was wearing the blue dress. (who) 9. I gave her a watch. It stopped after two days. (which) 10. You’re reading a book. I wanted to read it. (that) 11. There’s someone at the door. He wants to speak to Milan.(who) 12. Do you like the people? Sarah invited them to her party. (whom) 13. I met the man. He works in the bank. (who) 14. I bought the coat. It was in the shop window. (which) 15. I met the girl. Kiran loves her. (whom) 16. I bought the coat. Anu wanted it. (that) 17. Here are the postcards. They arrived this morning. (which) 18. It’s very spicy food. I don’t like it. (that) 19. That’s the house. I was born in it. (where) 20. That’s the dress. Anil gave it to me on my birthday. (which) 21. Where is the lady? She wrote this poem. (who) 22. The children went to London. They speak English. (who) 5Test Yourself Fill in the blanks with correct relative clauses: Rohini Chaudhary is from Chandanpur, a small village………….. lies in Janakpur. She has come to live with a cousin ………’s got a house in Kathmandu. Her cousin Prem is telling her about his friend ………….. lives in his street. Rohini : Tell me about your friends………….. can help me in my studies. Prem : You must meet Rahul. Rohini : Who is Rahul? Prem : He’s the one ………….. looks like Albert Einstein. Rohini : Who is Albert Einstein? Prem : Albert Einstein is the scientist ………….. is the creator of the theory of relativity in science. Rohini : Tell me more about Rahul. Prem : Oh, yes. Rahul has a lot of books………….. will help you in your studies. He has a sister ………….. studies in Grade VIII. His sister has a lot of English cassettes ………….. will help you improve your English. She has an electric dictionary ………….. displays the meanings of words. Rohini : Really. I’d love to meet them. Where do they live? Prem : They live at the end of the street ………….. you got off the taxi. Rohini : When will we go to meet them? Prem : Let’s go tomorrow. We’ll go there ………….. both of them will be at home. Book 9 156

Conjunctions Read the letter and underline the conjuctions. Dear Uncle, Thank you very much for the lovely present that you sent me for my birthday. You made me really happy! You cannot imagine how excited I was when I opened the gift box and found a beautiful watch inside. I have always wanted such a present because my old watch was not working. Both of my cousins have got the watches, but I haven’t any. The watch you gave me looks wonderful on my wrist because of its unique shape and style. Uncle, your present came at the right time because I’ll put on this watch at the farewell party for a friend. Surely, I can show off to my friends. Although I got a lot of gifts, your gift is very valuable to me. I will not only take good care of it, but also wear it on special occasions. I showed my watch to my cousins. Both of them liked it very much. They tried to buy a similar one, but didn’t find in nearby shops. Once again, thanks a lot for the gift. I’m going to send you the photographs of my birthday either this week or next. I hope to visit you during the winter holidays, and I look forward to seeing you. Please give my regards to Aunt and to my cousins. Your affectionately, Ziten Here ‘but, although, and, either ... or, because, when, etc’ are conjunctions.They join words, phrases and sentences. Here is a list of common conjunctions. Coordinating conjuctions and but or for so nor yet Subordinating conjunctions since because after although so that when as if before even though until as even if though unless if whenever wherever whether while where either...or Correlative conjuctions both...and neither...nor not only...but whether...or not Book 9 157

GRAMMAR STUDY: Kinds and Uses TCohoerrdeinaraetitnhgreceonkjiunndcstoiofncsoanrjeunucsteidontos-jocionotrwdionawtionrgd,s,sutwboorpdhinraatsiensgoarntdwcoocrlraeulasteisv.e. Ü and join two words He bought a jug, a basket and a hammer. or ideas Ali and Anu met the Principal and the Director. He writes slowly and neatly. He wrote a letter and posted it. show opposite She likes oranges but her sister doesn’t. but or conflicting He was poor but happy. She is small but strong. ideas He wrote a letter, but didn’t post it. or show choice or Have you fried or steamed it? Do you like tea or coffee? possibilities He will be here on Monday or Tuesday. Is she laughing or crying? so show result The bus was crowded so we had to stand. Sony was sick, so she went to hospital. yet however The sun is warm, yet the air is cool. He lost the match, yet he is very happy. nor and neither I did not see it, nor did they. She cannot play chess, nor can her sister. Ü Correlative conjunctions are always used in pairs.They join similar elements. She is both intelligent and good looking. both...and two Both my sister and my brother play the piano. They play both basketball and volleyball. either...or one or the other of Either Mona or her sister will dance. two He bought either a pen or a pencil. We will either go for a swim or visit a park. not one nor the Neither Anita nor Sunita was in the park. neither...nor other of two things She neither danced nor sang in the party. or people I will meet them neither here nor there. not only...but show that He was not only scolded but also punished. also something else is She is not only clever but also hard working. also true He not only bought a doll but also a toy. Subordinating conjunctions allow us to show which idea is more and which is less Ü important.They supply a time, reason, condition, and so on for the main clause. As it is raining, I will not go out. She was absent because she was sick. The match was postponed because of the rain. Since you are not well, you should take a rest. Reason Nina learnt computer so that she could get a good job. and purpose He saved a lot of money in order that he could buy a house. He went to market in order to buy some vegetables. He saved a lot of money so as to buy a house. We wondered why Anu was absent. Although he was poor, he was happy. Though he was poor, he was happy. Even though he was poor, he was happy. Concession He was happy in spite of his poverty. Despite his poverty, he was happy. Book 9 158

Time I will call you after I come to Kathmandu. Meet me before you leave. You have not changed a lot since we last met. I always switch off the light when I go to bed. Return this book when you next meet me. Whenever she comes here, she calls me. I broke my leg while playing football. We went on playing until Mother shouted angrily at us. We stayed outside talking till the sun went down. Cross the road as soon as the light turns green. We were all in tears as the film came to an end. Place You’d better join the queue where they are standing. Where there is a will, there is a way. Go to the place where you are supposed to be. Wherever he led, we followed. Everywhere we travelled, the same guide was with us. Condition If he is here, I will see him. Manner Unless you invite them, they won’t come. You’d better take the keys in case I’m out. They would pass the test provided that they took some tuition classes. I’ll get there, even if I have to walk. They did as they were instructed. He talks as if he knew everything. It looks as though there will be a storm. Do you know how she did it? You can do it however you like. You look like you haven’t eaten anything for two days. I want to speak English the way Sony speaks. Note: ‘Because of’ and ‘in spite of’ come with noun phrases. ‘In order to’, and ‘so as to’ come with to-infinitives. Other subordinating conjunctions often come with Ü Some ccoonmnpelcettiengseandtveenrcbess. also: in addition She is my neighbour; she is also my best friend. besides: in addition I like the job. Besides, I need the money. consequently: so She had a fever; consequently, she stayed at home. however: but We wanted to arrive on time; however, we were delayed by traffic. moreover: in addition She is very intelligent; moreover, she is very ambitious. nevertheless: but They are proud. Nevertheless, I like them. nonetheless: but The ascent was dangerous. Nonetheless, he decided to attempt it. otherwise: if not, or else We should consult them; otherwise, they may be upset. then: next, afterwards, so We went shopping, then we had lunch. If you are sure, then I must believe you. therefore: for that reason I was nervous; therefore, I could not do my best. thus: so, in this way He travelled as quickly as possible. Thus, he reached Boston the next day. Book 9 159

1Test Yourself Fill in the blanks with correct conjunctions: 1. He’s been dropped from the team ……injury. (because, because of, in spite of) 2. They got on well together …………they were total strangers. (although, as, for) 3. I think I know……………he left the job. (why, until, where) 4. We should either walk quickly …………… take the bus. (or, nor, either) 5. I read the book twice, …………… did not understand it. (but, or, and) 6. Samir will help you……………you ask him in a polite way. (if, unless, until) 7. Go along the road and……………turn left. (then, therefore, after) 8. ……………Gunjan is very busy, he is seldom at home. (As, Although, If) 9. Don’t go out …………… you’ve finished your work. (as, while, until) 10. The old man is poor,……………he is very happy. (although, yet, because) 11. Imran has not arrived yet, …………… have they. (and, nor, but) 12. He could not decide whether to tell the truth…………keep silent. (but, or, and) 13. ………Kabir left, he made sure he had his keys with him. (Before, After, Until) 14. I stayed home……………it rained heavily. (because, because of, although) 15. He has not written, …………… has he called me. (but, nor, either) 16. ………we begin, I’d like to say a few words about who I am. (Before, After, If) 17. ……………...Priya likes sports, tennis is not one of her favourites. (Although, As, In spite of) 18. I am taking the radio to the repair shop ……….………… it is out of order. (because, although, so that) 19. It is cold today, ………….……, they went to the river to swim. (however, therefore, so that) 20. The burglar was………………punished ……………kept in prison. (not only… but also, as well as, both..…and) 2Test Yourself Fill in the blanks with correct conjunctions: 1. I knocked at the door, ……………no one answered. (but, before, and) 2. ……………it was raining, I didn’t get wet. (Although, Since, In spite of) 3. All the equipments are ready………work can start immediately. (as, so that, for) 4. Hurry up…………..………you will be late for school. (or, and, but) 5. I don’t know it will rain …………… be sunny. (or, if, nor) 6. …………the warning sign, he entered the building. (Despite, Although, Though 7. We recognized her at once,………….……… we had not seen her for years. (although, in case, because) 8. ………………..………a good singer, he never sings in public. (Because, Although, In spite of) Book 9 160

9. …………………..…… Sudha is with her father, she feels comfortable. (As soon as, As long as, As) 10. Manoj is neither proud …………………… disrespectful. (but, nor, either) 11. Her grandfather is very old. ………………, his mind is still active. (Nonetheless, Therefore, Although) 12. …………………… it was a windy and rainy night, I decided to go out. (Although, As, In spite of) 13. Kapil kept reading……………………he fell asleep. (for, until, when) 14. ……………you work harder, you’ll fail. (If, Unless, When) 15. I remember a day …….……… I took my first airplane trip. (after, before, when) 16. He failed his driving test five times ………… in the end he passed. (but, or, and) 17. …………… she’s extremely rich, she’s not proud. (Although, As, In spite of) 18. He speaks about the subject ……..……… he were an expert. (as if, like, for) 19. Mr. Singh stood up from the chair…….………he saw that the children were fighting. (after, when, before) 20. I wanted to study English, ………… I went to America. (because, so, when) 3Test Yourself Fill in the blanks with the following words. and, as, in order to, as soon as, before, when, knowing that, that, which Mr Khadka was just shutting his shoe shop at the end of the day ………… a man in a suit walked in ………… asked for an expensive pair of shoes. There was something about the way the man walked ………… made Mr Khadka suspicious. Mr Khadka felt ………… he had seen him before somewhere, and then remembered he had – on TV! The man was a wanted criminal! The man tried on a few pairs of shoes ………… he bought a pair which Mr Khadka strongly recommended. “They’re a bit tight,” the man complained. “They’ll stretch, sir,” Mr Khadka said. ………… Mr Khadka had expected, the man limped into the shop the next day ………… complain about the shoes. ………… he entered the shop, he was surrounded by the police. Mr Khadka had deliberately sold the man a pair of shoes ………… were a size too small, ………… he would return them the next day! Book 9 161

Grammar Type I (Reproduction) 1. Reproduce the following sentences as indicated in the brackets. a. Don’t drop that vase,……………….? (Add a suitable question tag.) b. Either Mohan or Sunil will call you this evening. (Change into negative.) c. Madan learnt swimming when he was a child. (Change into ‘what’ question.) d. Manoj ………. the guitar two hours a day. (Use the correct form of the verb ‘play’.) e. Anu said, “We’ve forgotten the milk, haven’t we?” (Change into indirect speech.) f. They close the shop at one o’clock. (Change into passive voice.) 2. Reproduce the following sentences as indicated in the brackets. a. Mandira arrived late, …………..? (Add a suitable question tag.) b. Has he not written any letters? (Change into affirmative statement.) c. Those books cost sixty rupees. (Change into ‘how much’ question.) d. Tonight we ………. a birthday party. (Use the correct form of the verb ‘attend’.) e. Biva asked, “Do you want me to help you, Ishan?” (Change into indirect speech.) f. Write the title of your essay on the top line. (Change into passive voice.) 3. Reproduce the following sentences as indicated in the brackets. a. It appears that she is enjoying herself,………………? (Add a suitable question tag.) b. Has our flight been announced yet? (Change into affirmative statement.) c. They travel by bus. (Change into ‘how’ question.) d. Who ………. to just now? (Use the correct form of the verb ‘you/speak’.) e. Gopal said, “May God help me!” (Change into indirect speech.) f. The fireman chopped wood for the fire. (Change into passive voice.) 4. Reproduce the following sentences as indicated in the brackets. a. Let’s try and phone her again,………………….? (Add a suitable question tag.) b. He has not finished his work yet. (Change into affirmative.) c. Amit meets Deepa on the corner every morning. (Change into ‘where’ question.) d. Manisha ………. sleepy yesterday. (Use the correct form of the verb ‘be’.) e. “I played football last week,” he told us. (Change into indirect speech.) f. The girls play basketball after school. (Change into passive voice.) 5. Reproduce the following sentences as indicated in the brackets. a. Barking dog seldom bites, ……… ? (Add a suitable question tag.) b. Do they want to join us? (Change into affirmative statement.) c. Miss Rai teaches us English. (Change into ‘what’ question.) d. It ………. hard, and I do not have an umbrella. (Use the correct form of the verb ‘rain’.) e. “When does the bell ring?” asked Mohan. (Change into indirect speech.) f. You must not throw away empty bottles. (Change into passive voice.) Book 9 162

6. Reproduce the following sentences as indicated in the brackets. a. Your mother is a teacher, ………………....? (Add a suitable question tag.) b. She didn’t do anything last week. (Change into affirmative.) c. Suman gets up at seven every morning. (Change into ‘when’ question.) d. How long ago ……….your friend? (Use the correct form of the verb ‘you/call’.) e. Grandmother said to him, “May God be with you!” (Change into indirect speech.) f. Somebody must throw these books away. (Change into passive voice.) 7. Reproduce the following sentences as indicated in the brackets. a. He won’t do it, ………………….? (Add a suitable question tag.) b. Have they studied hard? (Change into affirmative statement.) c. The party lasted all night. (Change into ‘how long’ question.) d. The weather ………. sunny tomorrow. (Use the correct form of the verb ‘be’.) e. He asked Mandira, “What kind of films do you like watching?” (Change into indirect speech.) f. Rosy showed the visitors the new park. (Change into passive voice.) 8. Reproduce the following sentences as indicated in the brackets. a. I’m in trouble, .........? (Add a suitable question tag.) b. Can his brother drive this car? (Change into negative.) c. I paid five hundred rupees for this shirt. (Change into ‘how much’ question.) d. Mom is in the kitchen. She ……. breakfast for us. (Use the correct form of the verb ‘make’.) e. He said, “Oh, I missed the bus.” (Change into indirect speech.) f. Anisha had to take her dog to the vet. (Change into passive voice.) 9. Reproduce the following sentences as indicated in the brackets. a. The boy didn’t know the lesson,……………….? (Add a suitable question tag.) b. Goma does some housework. (Change into negative.) c. Mina is frying some onions in the kitchen. (Change into ‘what’ question.) d. My brother ………. vegetables. (Use the correct form of the verb ‘not like’.) e. Mona asked Lucy, “Will you come to my party tomorrow?” (Change into indirect speech.) f. Someone has spilt some milk on the carpet. (Change into passive voice.) 10. Reproduce the following sentences as indicated in the brackets. a. It won’t happen,…………………..? (Add a suitable question tag.) b. They know my brother Rahul. (Change into negative.) c. There are sixteen classrooms in my school. (Change into ‘how many’ question.) d. Hurry up, or you ………. the bus. (Use the correct form of the verb ‘miss’.) e. Mother asked me, “Do you like cabbage?” (Change into indirect speech.) f. The orchestra played that piece beautifully. (Change into passive voice.) Book 9 163

11. Reproduce the following sentences as indicated in the brackets. a. Nobody has arrived yet,……………….? (Add a suitable question tag.) b. He mopped his forehead with a handkerchief. (Change into interrogative.) c. They are coming to visit tomorrow. (Change into ‘when’ question.) d. I know this story very well. I ……. the film. (Use the correct form of the verb ‘already see’.) e. “Hurrah!” cried the boy, “I have won a prize.” (Change into indirect speech.) f. The police are sure to ask you that question. (Change into passive voice.) 12. Reproduce the following sentences as indicated in the brackets. a. He’s very handsome,………………? (Add a suitable question tag.) b. I care about what he says. (Change into negative.) c. Mandira is learning computer because she wants a better job. (Change into ‘why’ question.) d. Last week, it ………. my birthday. (Use the correct form of the verb ‘be’.) e. Rojan said, “I will be here at noon.” (Change into indirect speech.) f. They are cooking food in the school kitchen. (Change into passive voice.) 13. Reproduce the following sentences as indicated in the brackets. a. It’s beautiful, ……………….? (Add a suitable question tag.) b. The DVD player comes with a year’s guarantee. (Change into negative.) c. His father works as a cashier in a bank. (Change into ‘where’ question.) d. By this time next week, I ………. here for 2 years. (Use the correct form of the verb ‘live’.) e. She asked me, “Where do you live?” (Change into indirect speech.) f. They are offering you another chance. (Change into passive voice.) 14. Reproduce the following sentences as indicated in the brackets. a. She doesn’t cook very well,………………….? (Add a suitable question tag.) b. Pukar will be playing football. (Change into yes/no question.) c. I don’t get up early because I like to sleep late. (Change into ‘why’ question.) d. His father sometimes ……. dinner at nine o’clock. (Use the correct form of the verb ‘have’.) e. The old woman said to the boy, “Please help me.” (Change into indirect speech.) f. They asked us that question many times before. (Change into passive voice.) 15. Reproduce the following sentences as indicated in the brackets. a. The girls were playing in the snow,…………………….? (Add a suitable question tag.) b. You will have to buy us some more. (Change into negative.) c. His uncle gets home at 6 o’clock every night. (Change into ‘what time’ question.) d. Look! Those bees ………. round the flowers. (Use the correct form of the verb ‘buzz’.) e. I said to him, “Love and obey your parents.” (Change into indirect speech.) f. People hope that prices won’t go up this year. (Change into passive voice.) Book 9 164

Grammar Type II (Contextual Passages) 1. Rewrite the following text with the correct answers from the brackets: There lived.....................(an, a, the) university student near my house. He used to go to university .....................(on, in with) foot. One day I met him when he..................... (was going, went, had gone) to the market. He was in a hurry. I stopped and asked him, “Why..................... (you are running, he was running, are your running)?” He replied, “The bus is about to leave,.....................?”(isn’t the bus, is it, isn’t it). In fact the bus had already started..................... (because, but, as) some people were left behind. Neither the boy nor his friends.....................(was, had, were) able to catch the bus. Everyone.....................(were stranded, was stranded, are stranded) on the road. If they were in time, they.....................(would catch, will have caught, will catch) the bus without any problem. In this way, the situation made them.....................(to regret, regret, regretted) themselves. 2. Rewrite the following text with the correct answers from the brackets: Before Christmas, they went to a small town in Germany. They spent the whole of Christmas Eve Sight Seeing. There were so much activities.....................(in, on, at) the town. The streets were crowded.....................(with, of, by) people and the shops were full of wonderful things. In the evening, they went to listen to Christmas songs ..................... (sang, sing, sung) by children round the brightly lit tree in the main square. One of the boys ..................... (was, is, were) near them. They asked him how he .....................(feels, feeling, was feeling) at the Christmas. He said that he was excited. He asked them if they .....................(would excited, were excited, exciting) too. They were enjoying the night ..................... (because, although, because of) it was so much exciting. It made them .....................(feel, felt, to feel) happy. They went back to hotel. The manager and accountant.....................(was, were, are) waiting for them. He said “You had had a great joy, .....................(didn’t, hadn’t, didn’t have) you? 3. Rewrite the following text with the correct answers from the brackets: A hungry fox, in search of a meal, once saw a crow, sitting on ..................... (a, an, the) branch of a tree, and holding a large piece of meat in its beak. The fox sat down ..................... (below, beneath, in) the tree, and began to talk to ..................... (himself, itself, oneself) aloud, “What a fine handsome bird .....................! (this crow was, that crow is, that is crow),” said he, “but what a pity that it .....................(could sing, can sing, cannot sing). In fact the poor creature is quite dumb.” The crow took no notice, .....................? (did it, didn’t it, don’t it) The fox continued, “I am aware that some creature cannot even say ‘caw’. I fear that this proves that it is really a very poor kind of crow, .....................(because of, in spite of, even though) its great beauty. However, if it could utter a single though sound, I .....................(shall think, should have thought, should think) it an excellent crow, if not the finest bird I ever saw. As it is I can only pity and despise it.” A crow does not like..................... (be insulted,being insulted,insulting) in such a way. It made the crow.....................(to think, thought, think) to caw. Here upon the insulted and vain crow opened its beak to show that it could caw in the best style. The meat dropped from its beak, and saying, “Thanks very much”, the fox ate it and ran off. Book 9 165

4. Rewrite the following text with the correct answers from the brackets: One evening I wanted to get home early to watch my favourite programme on TV. Just as I was leaving, however, some students came in to complain but I didn’t.....................(listen, listened, to listen) to them thinking that I.....................(will be, would be, would have been) late for.....................(a, an, the) programme if I delayed there. Then, as I..................... (drove, was driving, had driven) home, I noticed that I was almost out .....................(from, of, off) petrol. I stopped at a self-service station..................... (in order to, although, because) get some and arrived home just in time. When the television.....................(was switching, switched, was switched) on, I found that it was not working properly. Luckily, a friend of mine had a new video recorder, so I rang him up and said, “My TV is not working; so,.....................(recorded, to record, please record) the programme for me,.....................(will, don’t, would) you?” Thus, I could get him the programme.....................(record, to record, recorded) 5. Rewrite the following text with the correct answers from the brackets: A man who had just died.....................(arrive, arrived, had arrived) at the heaven’s gate. Yamaraj, the death God questioned him if he.....................(loved, had loved, is loved) a woman. “No”,..................... (a, an, the) man replied, “I never loved a single man or one”. Yamaraj questioned him again if he had loved a child then. “No,” Had I loved a child I.....................(should, would, had) have told you.” His answer.....................(made Yamaraj, Yamaraj made, made) silent. Then he had asked again.” Perhaps you loved animals,.....................(did not, not, didn’t) you?” No,’ he answered,” once I..................(am bit, was beaten, was bitten) by a dog ..................... (after, since, before) then I hate animals. Then, the man.....................(was, were, have) taken.....................(on, on to, into) the palace of Yamaraj 6. Rewrite the following text with the correct words from the brackets: A man and a woman were sitting on the floor after they.....................(completed, have completed, had completed) a tiring job in the factory. Both of them.....................(was, were, are) very tired and didn’t want to do more work.....................(in, at, on) that day. The woman said, “I can make the boss .....................(give, to give, given) me the day off.” The man asked, “And how would you do that? You know our boss is a very strict person, .....................(is he, isn’t he, aren’t you)? I don’t think you.....................( will allow, will be allow, will be allowed) to get the day off.” The woman said, “Just wait and see. If he looks at me, I’m sure he.....................(will give, would give, would have given) me the day off.” She then hung upside-down from the ceiling. The boss came in and said, “What.....................(are you doing, you are doing, she was doing)?” The woman replied, “I’m.....................(none, a, the) light bulb.” The boss then said, “You’ve been working.....................(so, too, as) much that you’ve gone crazy. I think you need to take the day off.” The man started to follow her and the boss said, “Where are you going?” The man said, “I’m going home, too. I can’t work in the dark.” 7. Rewrite the following text with the correct words from the brackets: .....................(A, The, None) lorry driver is driving 50 penguins to London Zoo when his lorry .....................(break, breaks, broke) down on the motorway. The driver gets out Book 9 166

…………(from, of, off) the cab and is looking at the engine when a truck lorry driver stops in front of him and asks if..........................................(do you need any help, he needs any help, you need any help). The lorry driver explains that he.....................(is taking, is being taken, has been taken) the penguins to the zoo and asks, “You don’t mind taking them to the zoo,.....................?” (do you, don’t you, will you) The truck driver agrees. Some hours later, the truck driver drives past the lorry driver, .....................(whom, who, whose) is still waiting on the motorway. The penguins are still on the lorry, and .....................(look, looks, is looking) happy. “Haven’t you got your lorry..................... (repair, to repair, repaired) yet?” the truck driver asked. “I thought I asked you to take those penguins to the zoo,” shouted the lorry driver. The truck driver replied, “I did, but I had some money left, so we’re going to the cinema now. If you .....................(want, will want, would want) to come with us, get in.” 8. Rewrite the following text with the correct words from the brackets: Three rich brothers each wanted to get something special .....................(buy, to buy, bought) for their elderly mother .....................(at, on, in) Mother’s Day. The first brother gave her a huge house. The second brother gave her .....................(a, an, the) expensive comfortable car. The third brother remembered that his mother used to love to read the Bible,.....................(and, because, but) couldn’t see well anymore, so he got her a specially trained parrot that could recite any verse from the Bible on demand. Soon, the brothers received thank-you notes from their mother. The first son’s note said, “The house.....................(you bought, you were bought, you were being bought) me is much too big! I only live in a small part of it, but I have to clean the whole thing!” The second son got a note that said, “I rarely .....................(left, leave, will leave) the house anymore, so I hardly use the car you gave me.” The third son’s note said, “My darling baby boy, you know just what .....................(your mother loves, does your mother love, his mother loves)! The chicken .....................(are, were, was) delicious!” You understand what the mother did,..................... (don’t you, have you, did you)? If you have not understood, .....................(read, would read, would have read) the joke once again. 9. Rewrite the following text filling up the gap with the correct words from the brackets: One day a man.....................(drove, was driving, will be driving) at 80 kilometres per..……….(a, an, the) hour when he.....................(passed, was passed, pass) by a 3-legged chicken. He accelerated and passed the chicken. Three minutes later the chicken passed him again as he was driving .....................(on, at, by) 100 kph. The man tried to catch the chicken but it ran down a side road. The man followed it into a farmyard.....................(and, but, because) couldn’t find it anywhere. The man saw the woman and told her the story. The woman said that.....................(we like, they liked, we do like) chicken legs so they bred 3-legged chickens. “What do they taste like? It tastes like local chicken,.....................? (isn’t it, doesn’t it, wasn’t it)” asked the man. “I don’t know”, replied the woman, “we haven’t caught one yet. All of them..................... (run, runs, is running) so fast. I will get one.....................(catch, to catch, caught) if a superman .....................(comes, came, had come) to help me.” Book 9 167

BSECTION Reading Reading Test Format of Grade IX Type of test: Written Total marks: 40 Total time: 1:15 hours Total questions: 4 (two seen passages and two unseen passages) M Two seen texts from Grade 10 Compulsory English textbook. (5+10 = 15 marks) M Two kinds of unseen authentic texts such as charts, graphs, tables, passages, advertisements, stories, notices and letters. (10+15 =25 marks) Question types: a. Short answer questions b. Cloze c. Ordering d. Multiple Choice e. True/False f. Fill in the space g. Vocabulary h. Matching NOTE: 1. Reading objectives of Grade Nine Curriculum should be measured. 2. Except short answer questions, the types of questions should not be repeated in the two seen comprehension passages. 3. This is applied to the two unseen comprehension passages as well. Tips: M To get a good score in the reading test, one should have sufficient vocabulary and reading comprehension skills for analysing any reading passage. M Go through the reading passage at least two times and try to find the meaning of difficult words on context. M After you have scanned the text, take one question and look for the answer in the passage. M For WH questions, more possibly do not copy the exact words from the passage. M Read the reading comprehension techniques and ideas for solving various reading comprehension questions given in this book and get sufficient practice before you move to seen and unseen passages. Tips for students: • Make connections as you read. When you read any text, relate it with your lives, past experiences and prior knowledge. Thus, it is important to develop good reading habits. Read sufficient authentic reading materials for better comprehension skill. • Create pictures in your minds while you read. While reading, mark places where you get a clear picture in your mind that helps you understand the text. • Ask questions like ‘What is the author trying to say?, What is the message of this piece?, Do I know something about this topic?, What do I think I will learn from this text?, etc’ to better understand the author and the meaning of the text. • Infer when you do not find the direct answer in the text on the basis of background knowledge and clues in the text. • To get a good score in the reading test, one should have sufficient vocabulary and reading comprehension skills for analysing any reading passage. • Go through the reading text at least two times and try to find the meaning of difficult words on context. • After you have scanned the text, take one question and look for the answer in the passage. • For WH questions, more possibly do not copy the exact words from the passage. Book 9 168

SEEN PASSAGES Seen passage 1 Read the following poem and do the activities that follow: The Wind and the Leaves “Come, little leaves,” said the wind one day, “Come over the meadows with me and play. Put on your dresses of red and gold; For summer is gone, and the days grow cold.” Soon as the leaves heard the wind’s loud call, Down they came fluttering, one and all. O’er the brown field then they danced and flew, Singing the soft little songs they knew. Dancing and whirling, the little leaves went, Winter had called them, and they were content. Soon, fast asleep on their earthy beds, The snow laid a coverlet over their heads. - George Cooper A. From the poem, find the words that rhyme with the following words: a. day b. cold c. all d. flew e. beds B. From the above poem, find the words that are similar in meaning to the following words: a. breeze b. pastures/grasslands c. wear d. chilly e. shortly f. satisfied g. quick h. bedspread/blanket C. Match the words and phrases with their definitions: a. gone the word ‘over’ used in poetry b. fluttering no longer present in a place c. O’er put something down in a flat position d. laid move up and down or from side to side D. From the above poem, find the words for the following definitions: a. the season between spring and autumn, when the weather is hottest b. turning around or spinning quickly in circles c. looking, or smelling like earth d. a cover that you put over the other covers on a bed E. Write whether the following statements are true or false: a. The wind called the leaves to come over to the meadows. b. The wind’s call was very loud. Book 9 169

c. Only one leaf came down to the ground. d. The leaves did not like the call of the winter. e. In the poem, the summer season was about to begin. f. The leaves had called the winter season after they came down to the ground. g. The snow covered the leaves out of sight. F. Complete the following sentences using the ideas from the poem: a. The leaves were happy to get the invitation from the.....................to come down. b. With the start of the autumn season, the leaves had turned................................. c. The leaves came down..............................as the wind blew them off the tree. d. The leaves were ..................................as the winter had called them. e. In the poem, summer was gone, and the days were getting............................. G. Answer the following questions: a. Who is speaking in the first stanza? b. Who was the wind calling to come and play? c. What did the wind ask the leaves to do? d. Which line in the poem expresses that the leaves turned red and yellow? e. What does the third line of the first stanza tell us about the season of the year? f. What did the leaves do when they heard the wind’s loud call? g. What did the leaves do to enjoy themselves on the brown field? h. The poet compares the leaves on the ground to people sleeping in their beds. Which two lines in the poem describe this? Seen passage 2 Read the following poem and do the activities that follow: The Foolish Fish “Dear mother,” said a little fish, “Is that a worm I see? I’m very hungry, and I wish You’d get the worm for me.” “Sweet innocent,” the mother cried, And started from her nook, “That worm you see is there to hide the sharpness of a hook.” As I have heard, the little trout Was young and foolish too, And presently he ventured out To learn what might be true. Book 9 170

Around about the worm he played, With many a longing look, And “Dear me!” to himself he said, “I’m sure there is no hook.” “I think I’ll give one little bite;” And that was what he did, And thus he died in hapless plight By not doing as he was bid. - Ann and Jane Taylor A. From the poem, find the words that rhyme with the following words: a. fish b. see c. nook d. trout e. bid B. From the above text, find the words that are similar in meaning to the following words: a. starving b. corner c. conceal d. silly e. soon/shortly C. From the above poem, find the words that are opposite in meaning to the following words: a. guilty b. ended c. bluntness d. wise e. lucky D. Match the words and phrases with their definitions: a. hook (i) unlucky or unfortunate b. trout (ii) a bad or difficult situation c. ventured (iii) a common river-fish d. longing (iv) told or ordered somebody to do something e. hapless (v) a small curved piece of metal used for catching fish f. plight (vi) a strong feeling of wanting something g. bid (vii) went somewhere or did something that could be dangerous E. Choose the correct option: a. The worm lured: i. the little fish ii. the mother fish iii. none of them b. Who knew about the hook in the worm? i. the little fish ii. the mother fish iii. none of them d. Who went near the worm? i. the little fish ii. the mother fish iii. none of them e. Who tried to eat the worm? i. the little fish ii. the mother fish iii. none of them f. Who died at the end? i. the little fish ii. the mother fish iii. none of them Book 9 171

F. Write whether the following statements are true or false: a. The little fish was very hungry. b. The mother fish saw the worm first. c. The little fish wanted to eat the worm. d. The little fish knew the worm was covering a hook. e. The little fish was wise and clever. f. The little fish ate the worm at the end. G. Answer the following questions: a. Who is speaking in the first stanza? b. Who is the speaker in the second stanza? c. What did the little fish wish for? d. What did his mother tell him about the worm? e. Why did his mother call him ‘sweet innocent’? f. Why did the little fish go near the worm? g. Do you think the title of the poem is suitable? Why? h. What lesson do you learn from this poem? Seen passage 3 Read the following poem carefully and do the activities that follow: The Rivals I heard a bird at dawn Singing sweetly on a tree, That the dew was on the lawn, And the wind was on the lea; But I didn’t listen to him, For he didn’t sing to me! I didn’t listen to him, For he didn’t sing to me That the dew was on the lawn And the wind was on the lea! I was singing at the time, Just as prettily as he! I was singing at the time, Just as prettily as he! I was singing at the time, Book 9 172

As prettily as he, About the dew upon the lawn, And the wind upon the lea! So I didn’t listen to him, As he sang upon the tree! –James Stephens A. From the poem, find the rhyming pairs of the following words: a. dawn b. tree c. lea d. he B. From the poem, find the words that are similar in meaning to the following words: a. daybreak/sunrise b. pleasantly/beautifully/prettily c. grassland/meadow d. breeze e. on C. From the poem, find the words that are opposite in meaning to the following words: a. dusk b. horribly c. under D. Match the words with their definitions: a. dew i. receive or become conscious of a sound using your ears b. lea ii. drops of water that form on the ground c. wind iii. a piece of land covered with grass d. hear iv. a natural current of air that moves fast enough e. listen v. in a charming way f. sweetly vi. person or thing competing with another g. rivalry vii. pay attention to a sound that you can hear E. Choose the correct option: a. The word ‘daybreak’ has a similar meaning to: i. lawn ii. dawn iii. time b. The word ‘competitors’ means: i. birds ii. rivals iii. poets c. The word ‘to’ in the eighth line of the poem means: i. because ii. for iii. so d. .................means tiny drops of water on cool surfaces: i. Tea ii. Wind iii. Dew e. The bird sang about.......... i. flowers and trees ii. dew and wind iii. dawn and lawn F. Write whether the following statements are true or false: a. The competition took place in the morning time. b. The speaker was singing much more beautifully than the bird. c. Both of them were singing the same song. Book 9 173

d. The birds sing for us but the bird in the poem was not singing for the speaker. e. The speaker didn’t listen to the bird but the bird listened to him. f. The bird sang in the morning. g. The bird was not happy about the dew and the morning wind. G. Match the phrases in column ‘A’ with the correct continuations in column ‘B’: Column ‘A’ Column ‘B’ a. The speaker and the bird were i. didn’t listen to the bird. b. The song was ii. on the lea c. The speaker was iii. on the lawn. d. There was wind iv. both singing at the same time. e. The dew was v. about the dew and the wind. f. The speaker vi. competing with the bird. H. Answer the following questions: a. What did the poet hear at down? b. Why didn’t he listen to it? c. Did the poet think that he could sing as prettily as the bird did? d. What were the bird and the speaker singing about? e. Did the speaker not listen to the bird? Why not? f. When did the competition take place? g. Where was the bird singing from? h. According to the poem, where was the wind? i. Who was singing more sweetly - the poet or the bird? j. Who are the rivals in the poem? Seen passage 4 Read the following text and the conversation and do the activities that follow: Lunibha, Preeti, Laxmikant and Raphi are young badminton players. They are in a closed camp practising for a tournament. But today they are free. They are together and making plans for today. Read and note what plan each one of them has. Lunibha: Thank God for the rest! I think I’ll visit my mother today. Laxmikant: I don’t think I’ll go anywhere. I’ll sleep for the whole day. Preeti: Perhaps I’ll go shopping. I need to buy some clothes. Raphi: I’ll be watching a movie on TV. I think I’ll wash my clothes in the afternoon. Now their coach is asking them about their plans. They are telling him what they intend to do. Coach: Good morning! What are you going to do today? Lunibha: I’m going to visit my mother today, sir. Laxmikant: I’m thinking of sleeping throughout the day. I won’t go anywhere. Preeti: I’m planning to go shopping. Book 9 174

Raphi: I intend to watch TV for some time. I am going to wash my clothes in the afternoon. A. From the above text, find the words that are similar in meaning to the following words: a. sportspeople b. competition/championship c. relaxation d. nap e. entire/full f. maybe g. purchase h. clean i. trainer/instructor B. From the above text, find the words for the following definitions: a. a game in which two or four players hit a shuttlecock with rackets b. athletes who take part in a game or sport c. doing or playing something regularly or repeatedly d. a period of time that you spend relaxing or sleeping after doing something tiring e. items worn to cover the body C. Write whether the following statements are true or false: a. The players are having a day off. b. Each of them has the same plan. c. Lunibha is going to meet her mother. d. Laxmikant is going to stay in. e. Preeti is going to watch TV. f. They each have some plans except Raphi. D. Answer the following questions: a. What game do Lunibha, Preeti, Laxmikant and Raphi play? b. Why have they gone to the closed camp? c. What does the coach ask them? d. What are Lunibha and Preeti going to do today? e. What are Laxmikant and Raphi going to do today? f. When will Raphi wash her clothes? g. What is Raphi going to do before washing his clothes? h. Who intends to watch TV? i. Who seems to be much tired among the players? How can you say so? j. Have they all got the same plans? E. Write what their plans are for spending a day off: Lunibha Preeti Laxmikant Raphi Book 9 175

Seen passage 5 Read the following letter and do the activities that follow: Nima’s Letter to Her Brother The River Dee Field, Chester, UK 21 April, 2015 Dear Lhakpa, I got your letter yesterday. Thank you for telling me all about our parents and yourself. I am doing well here and thinking of returning home during Lhosar. I am excited to know that you want to improve your English. I think you are very conscious about the importance of English as an international language. As you have asked me, I am giving you some suggestions on how you can perform better in the English language both verbally and in written form. You should always try to communicate in English with your English teacher and friends. Listening to radio programmes in English could be an interesting way. Why don’t you buy a radio for yourself and listen to such programmes? For better pronunciation, copying people could be effective. As you listen to any new word you ought to repeat it. Using an English dictionary is another effective way to learn the language. You had better buy a good English dictionary and use it. You know my English was not that good when I was in Nepal. But now I feel it’s great. I have to speak it all the time. I picked up pronunciation and expressions one by one. How about talking to the foreign tourists who come to visit our area? They will be happy to know about our village and its beauty from a student and you would benefit with new English words and expressions. I have heard that the education related offices in Nepal have been developing and distributing different audio visual materials on learning English. If I were you, I would talk to teachers about them too. These materials, I guess, must have been developed considering the average performance level of the Nepalese students. Wouldn’t it be better if you got some of them for your practice? Going through your letter, I can understand that you have a lot of knowledge on the importance of the English language. I’d like to add here that as a lingua franca, English has much more significance than what you have written. You know, people can have better understanding and respect for each other only when they are able to communicate. Since the English language has been serving as an effective tool for communication worldwide, it helps people of different nationalities to understand each other’s culture, values and sentiments. This way it serves as a powerful means to promote fraternity that results in better relations among individuals, societies and countries. These attributes definitely contribute to world peace. Book 9 176

Hope I have been able to suggest on the ways you could improve your English language. As I come home, I will bring you some audio visual materials on how the native speakers use English. That’s all for now. Looking forward to your next letter, Sincerely yours, Nima A. From the above letter, find the words that are opposite in meaning to the following words: a. worse b. domestic c. boring d. ugliness e. similar f. weak g. war h. foreigner B. From the above letter, find the words that are similar in meaning to the following words: a. very eager b. aware c. hints/tips d. do/carry out e. giving out f. importance g. resources h. feelings i. certainly C. Match the words and phrases with their definitions: a. communicate i. words or phrases b. copying ii. help to make something happen c. effective iii. features or qualities d. expressions iv. doing something in the same way as someone else e. audio visual v. successful or achieving the results that you want f. fraternity vi. share information or conversation with other people g. attributes vii. using both sounds and images h. contribute viii. feelings of friendship, trust, and support between people D. From the above letter, find the words for the following definitions: a. the way in which a word or language is pronounced b. a book with a list of words and their meanings c. belonging or connected to a country that is not your own d. people who visit places for pleasure e. a language that people use to communicate when they have different first languages E. Choose the correct option: a. Lhakpa probably wrote about his parents in his letter and asked Nima to give him some tips for: i. improving English ii. visiting the UK iii. writing a good letter b. Which of the following suggestions is not included in Nima’s letter? i. communicating with the teacher and friends in English ii. listening to English programmes on radio Book 9 177

iii. living in a foreign country for a few months c. According to this letter, listening to English programmes on radio can help improve your.............. i. dictionary skill ii. letter writing skill iii. pronunciation d. English has been an effective tool for: i. listening to radio ii. communication iii. dictionary skill e. Fraternity can be created though: i. radio programmes ii. lingua franca iii. cultures F. Write whether the following statements are true or false: a. Lhakpa and Nima are brother and sister. b. Lhakpa received Numa’s letter on 21 April, 2015. c. Lhakpa is planning to visit the UK during Lhosar. d. Lhakpa wants to improve his English. e. Nima advises Lhakpa to speak English with his friends and teacher. f. Nima’s English has been great because she has to speak English all the time. g. Nima suggests her brother that he should never use his native language. h. Communicating in the target language helps build up mastery over it. G. Complete the following sentences using the ideas from the letter: a. Nima wrote this letter in reply to her ........................’s letter. b. Communicating in English with your teacher and friends is one way to ................ your English. c. Nima advises Lhakpa to buy a good English...............................to improve his English. d. Nima’s English was not good when she was in......................... e. Some education related offices in Nepal have developed audio visual materials for the students with the ............................... performance level. H. Answer the following questions: a. When and from where was this letter written? b. What is the main message of this letter? c. Why does Nima advise Lhakpa to buy a radio? d. ‘But now I feel it’s great.’ What does it refer to? e. According to Nima what is an interesting way of learning English? f. How does the writer feel about her own performance in the English language? g. What does a lingua franca mean? h. How does the English language as a lingua franca help to unite different countries in the world? Book 9 178

Seen passage 6 Read the following email and do the activities that follow: To: [email protected] Cc: [email protected] Subject: Query about the audio materials Dear Ms Adhikari, I am a student of Grade IX at Shree Bhageswor Secondary School in Shirsa VDC of Dadeldhura District. I am contacting you to ask you about the audio materials your Co. develops. I am interested to know whether the materials come in DVDS/ CDS or if we have to download them. Could you please send me some more information regarding the materials as I am not sure which would be the most useful for a student like me studying in a remote village school in Nepal? I would also be thankful if you could tell me whether the materials have to be bought or are available free of charge. Looking forward to your reply! Best regards, Kiran Thapa Magar Shree Bhageswor Secondary School Shirsa -1, Gwanni, Basauti A. From the above text, find the words that are similar in meaning to the following words: a. question/enquiry b. resources c. pupil d. concerning e. certain f. distant g. grateful h. response B. From the above text, find the words that are opposite in meaning to the following words: a. unconcerned b. receive c. doubtful d. worthless e. nearby f. sold C. Match the words and phrases with their definitions: a. CC i. communicating with someone by calling or sending a letter b. subject ii. move information to one computer from another computer system c. contacting iii. a thing or person that is being discussed or described d. download iv. knowledge or facts about someone or something e. information v. carbon copy (a term used in emails to show that you are sending a copy to another person Book 9 179

D. From the above text, find the words for the following definitions: a. relating to the education of children between the ages of eleven and sixteen b. an area of a country that is smaller than a zone c. an abbreviation for the word ‘company’ d. an abbreviation for ‘Digital Video Disc’ e. an abbreviation for ‘Compact Disc’ E. Choose the correct option: a. The email is for: i. enquiring about the audio materials ii. students of remote areas iii. creating CDs and DVDs b. Which one of the following is not the query of Kiran Thapa Magar? i. Do the materials come in DVDS/CDS? ii. Are the materials made in Nepal? iii. Are the materials available free of cost? c. Kiran Thapa Magar studies in a ...................school. i. primary ii. secondary iii. higher secondary d. The recipient of this email is: i. Ms Adhikari ii. Kiran Thapa Magar iii. Shree Bhageswor Secondary School F. Write whether the following statements are true or false: a. Kiran Thapa Magar is a ninth-grader. b. He lives in a big city. c. The company where Ms Adhikari works develops audio materials. d. This is an email from Ms Adhikari to Kiran Thapa Magar. e. Shirsa is a village development committee. f. There are two recipients of this email. g. Kiran Thapa Magar wants to know if he can get the audio materials free of cost. G. Answer the following questions: a. What class is Kiran in? b. Where is his school located? c. Who wrote this email? To whom? d. What is the subject of this email? e. What does CC stand for? f. What did Kiran want to know about the audio materials? g. Write down any two queries made by Kiran Thapa Magar in his mail. h. Write a sentence from the email that shows a polite way of making queries. i. Who do you think Ms Adhikari is? j. Who will be the recipient if Ms Adhikari writes a reply to this email? Book 9 180

Seen passage 7 Read the following message of condolence and do the activities that follow: OBITUARY PHOTO Late Bir Bahadur Shahi We are deeply saddened to learn about the sudden, premature and untimely demise of Mr. Bir Bahadur Shahi, an English teacher at Patan Higher Secondary School, Lalitpur. Late Shahi suffered a massive brain haemorrhage. He was helpful as well as popular among the students and his colleagues. We extend our heartfelt condolence to his bereaved family and friends grieving the irreparable loss. May the departed soul be at eternal peace with our Heavenly Father! Class IX students Patan Higher Secondary School, Lalitpur A. From the above text, find the words that are similar in meaning to the following words: a. extremely b. upset/distressed c. unexpected d. death e. underwent f. large/serious g. co-operative h. friends i. offer j. dead k. spirit l. everlasting/endless B. Match the words and phrases with their definitions: a. colleagues i. liked by many b. popular ii. people working together c. untimely iii. another word for ‘dead’ d. bereaved iv. impossible to repair or make right again e. grieving v. continuing for ever or for a very long time f. departed vi. feeling extremely sad because someone has died g. irreparable vii. happening too soon or sooner than you expected (before time) h. eternal viii. having lost a close friend or relative because they have recently died Book 9 181

C. From the above text, find the words for the following definitions: a. a report or article in a newspaper that announces someone’s death b. a word that is used to refer to someone who has died c. a large flow of blood from a damaged blood vessel d. happening too soon or before the usual time e. very strongly felt and sincere f. the spiritual part of a person that most religions believe continues to exist after their body dies D. Write whether the following statements are true or false: a. Bir Bahadur Shahi was very old when he died. b. He was popular among his students and friends. c. Shahi was working as a teacher in a school. d. His untimely death saddened his students and friends. e. The students who published this notice study in Grade X. f. The loss of life can be repaired. g. The message of condolence is for his friends and family. E. Complete the following sentences using the ideas from the text: a. The students of Grade IX expressed their..........................by publishing this obituary in a newspaper. b. The death of Bir Bahadur Shahi was sudden and................................. c. Bir Bahadur Shahi was very popular among his.................................. d. Bir Bahadur Shahi died of........................ e. Patan Higher Secondary School lies in the district of........................ F. Answer the following questions: a. ‘We are deeply saddened.’ Who does ‘we’ refer to? b. What caused them to be saddened? c. Who was Bir Bahadur Shahi? d. Where did Bir Bahadur Shahi work? e. What was he like? f. What was the cause of his death? g. Why was this obituary written? h. To whom did the students express their condolences? i. What is the irreparable loss, as mentioned in the obituary? j. What did the students pray for the departed soul in the obituary? k. Who does Heavenly Father refer to in the obituary? Book 9 182

Seen passage 8 Read the following sympathy letter and do the activities that follow: The letter was written by Hamid who was unable to attend Bir Bahadur’s funeral. He had gone to Mecca as a pilgrim. No sooner had he returned home, he sent a letter to Bir Bahadur’s wife. Damak-9, Jhapa. October 14 Dear Sarita, I was shocked to learn about the premature passing away of your husband. He was a wonderful person and was always ready to help others. His death has caused an immeasurable loss not only to your family but to all of us. I express my sincerest sympathy to you in your profound bereavement. May God grant you enough courage to withstand this shock! Hamid A. From the above letter, find the words that are similar in meaning to the following words: a. surprised/shocked b. early/untimely c. death d. amazing e. most genuine/heartfelt f. condolence g. great/deep h. boldness/bravery i. resist/tolerate B. From the above letter, find the words for the following definitions: a. a ceremony that takes place after someone dies b. someone who travels to a holy place c. a male partner in a marriage d. that cannot be measured or known exactly C. Write whether the following statements are true or false: a. Bir Bahadur passed away in his old age. b. Sarita wrote this letter to Hamid. c. Hamid didn’t attend the funeral because he didn’t like it. d. Hamid is perhaps one of Bir Bahadur’s colleagues. e. Hamid expressed his sincerest sympathy to Bir Bahadur’s wife. D. Answer the following questions: a. Who wrote this letter of sympathy? To whom? b. Why did he write this letter? c. What did Hamid say about Bir Bahadur? d. Who is Sarita to Bir Bahadur? e. Did Hamid attend Bir Bahadur’s funeral? Why not? Book 9 183

Seen passage 9 Read the views of different students below and do the activities that follow: Ajmera : Oh! Uttar, a new mobile set! The previous week I saw another one and today it’s another. Aren’t you troubling your family like this? Doesn’t satisfaction have any space in you? You should learn to be satisfied with what you have. You shouldn’t...... Uttar : Excuse me! I’m not troubling my family and, self satisfaction is not everything. We should try to keep up with the changing world. We should strive for success. If people believe in what you say, then the world will come to a standstill....... Chandra : Umm…!! You are right but it’s not that we should always long for progress and forget to cherish what we have. One should always have self satisfaction, for every progress is made to achieve satisfaction. Both satisfaction and progress are equally important. However, it’s our progress that introduces us to the world, not our self acceptance. Do we make progress for satisfaction or...... Bhim : Hey guys! All of you are trying to be Aristotle. It seems to be a chicken and egg situation to me but I think self satisfaction and progress should go hand in hand. I will give you an example of a great man, Abraham Lincoln, who had the quality of self acceptance along with a strong flare for progress. He failed in business at the age of 21; was defeated in a legislative election at the age of 22; failed again in business at age 24; lost a congressional race when he was 34; lost a senatorial election at 45; failed in an effort to become vice-president at age 47; lost a senatorial race when he was 49; and was elected president of the United States at the age of 52. Uttar : Humans are by-instinct never satisfied and always inquisitive for progress. Our minds should always be striving for new inventions. The development of the world to this stage from the Stone Age has been possible only due to our need for progress. Our self acceptance as advocated by Ajmera, can turn us into self satisfied ambitionless mammals. What do....... Ajmera : I beg your pardon. If you only go for success and progress then a day will come when you will stand alone without friends and families because you will have lost them all in the never ending race to prosperity and success. That’s the reason why I think satisfaction is far more valuable than progress. You should be satisfied with what you have because the things which you possess now were once part of your progress and now you don’t value them. I strongly suggest you not to...... Chandra : This will never end. Let’s go. We’re getting late. Book 9 184

A. From the above text, find the words that are similar in meaning to the following words: upsetting/bothering contented plead development precious have/own contentment attempt/struggle nature/intuition curious/interested discoveries supported/suggested want/wish attain/get significant stop/finish state/condition beat/conquered B. From the above text, find the words that are opposite in meaning to the following words: next/ following dissatisfied/discontented failure poverty worthless weakly other’s uninterested regress/retreat rejection remember passed C. Match the words and phrases with their definitions: a. flare i. make a great effort to achieve something b. prosperity ii. move or progress at the same speed c. keep up iii. makes someone or something known to others d. set iv. a sudden bright flame e. strive v. the situation of being successful and having a lot of money f. standstill vi. closely connected and one thing causes the other g. introduces vii. a situation in which something stops moving or happening h. hand in hand viii. a piece of equipment that receives television or radio signals D. Choose the correct option: a. Who believes in self satisfaction? i. Ajmera ii. Uttar iii. Chandra b. Who believes that we should always strive for success and progress? i. Ajmera ii. Uttar iii. Bhim c. Who believes that both self satisfaction and progress are important? i. Chandra ii. Bhim iii. Both d. Who believes that every progress is to achieve satisfaction? i. Chandra ii. Bhim iii. Uttar e. Who believes that both progress and satisfaction go ahead side by side? i. Chandra ii. Bhim iii. Uttar E. Write whether the following statements are true or false: a. Uttar keeps changing his mobile sets. c. According to Ajmera, running after success and progress is a never ending race. Book 9 185

d. Uttar likes to move along with the changing world. e. Uttar believes in self satisfaction. g. According to Chandra, it is self acceptance that introduces us to the world. h. According to Bhim, self satisfaction and progress should go together. i. Abraham Lincoln possessed both self acceptance and a flare for progress. j. Bhim doesn’t know whether self-satisfaction or progress comes first. F. Answer the following questions: a. What does Ajmera complain about Uttar’s mobile set? b. Why does Uttar always try to possess new things? c. Why does Uttar suggest not being self-satisfied? d. When will the world come to standstill, according to Uttar? e. Why does Ajmera think satisfaction is far more valuable than progress? f. What does Chandra say about progress and satisfaction? g. What does Bhim mean by saying ‘It seems to be a chicken and egg situation’? h. Whose thought do you agree with? Why? Seen passage 10 Read some people’s views about building a cinema hall and do the activities that follow: Opening a Cinema- Local People’s Views An entertainment related company plans to open a cinema in a newly developed town in the far western part of Nepal. The company sent some of their surveyors to ask the people’s views. The views collected express the likely results of the cinema. Harina Ramjali, Parigaun: Surely the cinema will spoil our children. They are bound to take money from home and go to the cinema instead of school. The schools are unlikely to be able to control the children. The proposed cinema may be a big nuisance for the parents with low income. Jaimati Parki, Laldhunga: Delighted to know about the new proposal. The cinema is certain to generate jobs in our area. People are likely to learn modern trends through entertainment. The cinema may bring new and suitable films for our locality. People might get to know lots of things about cleanliness, education, human rights, safe motherhood and women empowerment. Bhandev Bhatta, Chudeli, Rupal: Only the FM radio kills half of our working time. The cinema is certain to consume the whole. All are likely to be crazy about the films once they see one. Where to get the money for them all? Single bread earners like me are sure to have very hard times. Besides, people might turn disinterested in their local cultures and ‘melas’. The new generations may forget our age long Book 9 186

traditions and culture. Does anybody want to buy my land and house? ......I will migrate somewhere else. Jagannath Bohara, Katal: The cinema is likely to bring both good and bad changes in the society. Our children may not give much time to their studies. Young people will probably adopt the bad culture of selfishness, wiliness and violence as found in the movies. But at the same time they will get to know lots of new and good things. The local authorities might not be able to systematize how often one can go to the cinema. Anyway you can’t prevent something that is taken as the sign of development. A. From the above text, find the words that are similar in meaning to the following words: a. fun/amusement b. recently c. gathered d. certainly/definitely e. ruin/destroy f. sure/certain g. passionate/excited/mad h. purchase i. brutality/cruelty B. From the above text, find the words that are opposite in meaning to the following words: a. doubtfully/uncertainly b. bored/unhappy c. old/ancient d. inappropriate/wrong e. dirtiness f. insecure g. remember h. unlikely i. calm/peace C. Match the words and phrases with their definitions: a. proposed i. something that is annoying or irritating b. nuisance ii. offered formally as an idea or plan c. trends iii. all people of about the same age d. proposal iv. very old customs, beliefs, or stories e. consume v. not involved in something or not influenced by personal feelings f. disinterested vi. changes in style, fashion or in the way of behaving g. generations vii. use time or some other things especially in large amounts h. traditions viii. shrewdness or craftiness i. wiliness ix. behaviour that is intended to hurt other people physically j. violence x. a plan or suggestion which is made formally to a person or group D. From the above text, find the words for the following definitions: a. a building where you pay to go and watch a film b. people who examine the condition of a building or land and record the details c. the state of being clean, or the act of keeping things clean d. the rights that everyone should have in a society (two words) Book 9 187

e. the state of ensuring that all women receive the care they need to be safe and healthy throughout pregnancy and childbirth (two words) f. the creation of an environment for women where they can make decisions of their own for their personal benefits as well as for the society (two words) g. main earners of a family’s income (two words) h. the quality or state of being selfish E. Write whether the following statements are true or false: a. The text says the surveyor’s plans for collecting data. b. An entertainment related company plans to start a survey business. c. An entertainment related company plans to open a cinema in a town. d. Harina Ramjali’s views are against the opening of the cinema hall. e. Jaimati Parki likes the proposal of the new cinema hall. f. According to Jaimati Parki, modern movies are likely to teach the people some life skills like cleanliness, safe motherhood, etc. g. Bamdev Bhatta is a wealthy person. h. Bamdev Bhatta wants to migrate because of the opening of the cinema hall. F. Complete the following sentences using the ideas from the text: a. An entertainment related company wants to open a ..................in the far western part of Nepal. b. Harina Ramjali is sure that the cinema will....................the children. c. According to Jaimati Parki, the cinema is sure to create................... opportunities for the people. d. According to Bamdev Bhatta, the cinema is sure to waste their.................... e. Jagannath Bohara says the cinema may bring both good and bad...................... G. Answer the following questions: a. What is the purpose of the survey? b. How many people’s views have been included in the survey? c. Whose views are in favour of opening a cinema hall? d. What does Harina Ramjali say about the schools and the parents with low income? e. Why does Harina Ramjali say the cinema will be a big nuisance? f. Why is Jaimati Parki happy about the opening of the cinema? g. Why is Bamdev Bhatta say that he is sure to have hard times? h. Why does Bamdev Bhatta want to migrate to a new place? i. What good things are children likely to learn from the cinema, according to Jagannath Bohara? j. What bad things are children likely to learn from the cinema, according to Jagannath Bohara? Book 9 188

Seen passage 11 Read the following dictionary entries and do the activities that follow: guru BrE /’gʊru:/ NAmE/’gʊru:/ noun 1 a Hindu or Sikh religious teacher or leader 2 (informal) a person who is an expert on a particular subject or who is very good at doing sth: a management / health / fashion, etc. guru Jean-Paul Sartre was the guru of post-war French philosophy. mastery BrE /’ma:stEri/ NAmE/’mAstEri/ noun 1 [uncountable, singular] ~ (of sth) great knowledge about or understanding of a particular thing command She has mastery of several languages. The orchestra is unrivalled in terms of technical mastery and sheer vitality. 2 [uncountable] ~ (of/over somebody/something) control or power human mastery of the natural world He struggled for mastery over his emotions. thirsty BrE /’†¨:sti/ NAmE /’†¨:rsti/ (thirst•ier, thirsti•est) adjective 1 needing or wanting to drink: We were hungry and thirsty. Digging is thirsty work (= makes you thirsty). 2 ~ for sth having a strong desire for sth: hungry He is thirsty for power. 3 (of plants, fields, etc.) dry; in need of water thirstily / BrE /’†¨:stili/ : NAmE /’†¨:rsti/adverb Paul drank thirstily. Source: Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary (Electronic Form), 2010 Book 9 189

A. From the dictionary entry, find the synonyms of the following words: a. command b. guru c. hungry d. specialist e. control f. starving g. wish/want h. waterless B. Write whether the following statements are true or false: a. The word ‘guru’ is a noun. b. Each of the words in the entry has two meanings. c. The word ‘mastery’ is an uncountable noun. d. The stress falls on the second syllable in the word ‘mastery’. e. Three different meanings of the word ‘thirsty’ are given in the entry. f. The informal meaning of the word ‘guru’ is a Hindu religious leader. g. The word ‘mastery’ comes before the word ‘thirsty’ in the dictionary entry. C. Choose the correct option. a. Which word class (parts of speech) is the word ‘guru’? i. noun ii. adverb iii. adjective b. Which word class (parts of speech) is the word ‘thirsty’? i. noun ii. adverb iii. adjective c. Which of the following is an adverb? i. thirstily ii. thirsty iii. mastery d. What does the word ‘guru’ mean in the sentence ‘He has been a guru to many young writers.’? i. a Hindu or Sikh religious teacher ii. a person with knowledge or expertise iii. a Sikh religious leader e. On which syllable does the word ‘mastery’ receive the stress? i. first syllable ii. second syllable iii. third syllable f. Which of the following is the superlative form of the word ‘thirsty’? i. thirsty ii. thirstier iii. thirstiest D. Answer the following questions: a. What do NAmE and BrE stand for? b. What do sb and sth stand for? c. How many meanings does the word ‘guru’ have in the dictionary entry? d. What is the part of speech of the word ‘thirsty’? e. On which syllable does the word ‘thirsty’ receive the stress? f. What is the adverbial form of the word ‘thirsty’? g. What is the superlative form of the word ‘thirsty’? Book 9 190

Seen passage 12 Read the following passage and do the activities that follow: Email Electronic mail is most commonly referred to as email or e-mail. Email generally refers to a method of exchanging digital messages from a sender to one or more recipients. It is distributed by electronic means from one computer user to one or more recipients via a network. It is claimed that people started sending and receiving email from 1993. However, it has recently been popular in our country. Today’s email systems are based on a store-and-forward model. Email servers accept, forward, deliver, and store messages. Neither the users nor their computers are required to be online simultaneously. They need to connect to a server for as long as it takes to send or receive messages. Thus, an email is an information and communication technology. In this technology, users use email differently, based on how they think about it. There are many software platforms available to send and receive messages. Popular email platforms include Gmail, Hotmail, Yahoo! Mail, Outlook, and many others. Adapted from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Email Creating an email ID Let us learn about creating a new email ID or email address using Gmail. You have to follow the following instructions: e First open a Web browser (Internet explorer or Google chrome or Mozilla, etc.). Write in the address bar www.gmail.com. e Now, click on “Create an account”. After clicking on “Create an account” but- ton, you will get a window image below with ‘Create Your Google Account’. e Fill in all the details. Here, the user name is the desired user ID which you want to create. e After filling in all the details, click on “Next step” button. After next step, it will ask for phone number for verification. Enter your cell phone number and click on “Continue” button. Now your ID is almost created. e There is an option for uploading your image. Upload your image. Finally, click on the “next step” button and you will get your inbox on the screen: Congratulations! You have created your new Gmail ID. Use it to exchange messages, documents, images, etc. A. From the above text, find the words that are similar in meaning to the following words: a. letter/post b. normally/generally c. denotes d. technique/process e. divided/given out f. dispatching Book 9 191

g. attach/link h. procedures i. confirmation B. Match the words and phrases with their definitions: a. exchanging i. save information or data in a computer’s memory b. store ii. the flat surface on a computer, television c. forward iii. giving and receiving something else d. deliver iv. send a letter or email that you have received to someone else e. verification v. hands over to you or makes an email available for you to use f. upload vi. the process of testing or finding out if something is true g. screen vii. send documents or programs from your computer to a larger system using the Internet C. From the above text, find the words for the following definitions: a. recording and sending information electronically in the form of numbers 1 to 0 b. information that you give to a person when you cannot speak to them directly c. a set of computers that are connected to each other for sharing information d. a central or main computer from which other computers get information e. major pieces of software or tools under which various smaller application programs can be designed to run (two words) f. the place on a computer program where emails arrive for you D. Answer the following questions: a. What is an email? b. When did people start using an email? c. What do you mean by a network? d. How does a store-and-forward model work? e. Write down the role of emails in communication. f. Name any two software platforms mentioned in the text. g. What kinds of messages are distributed electronically via emails? Seen passage 13 Read the descriptions of some gadgets and do the activities that follow: Some Useful Gadgets and Implements A microwave oven, commonly known as a microwave, is a kitchen appliance. This machine is for heating and cooking food by exposing it to electromagnetic radiation inside the microwave spectrum. Pliers are pincers with parallel, flat, and typically serrated surfaces. A pair of pliers is used chiefly for gripping small objects. Book 9 192

A screwdriver is a manual or powered tool. It is used for turning screws. A typical screwdriver has a handle and a shaft, and a tip that the user inserts into the screw head to turn it. A mobile phone, also known as a cellular phone or cell phone, is a phone that is meant for making and receiving telephone calls over a radio link while moving around a wide geographic area. It works by connecting to a cellular network provided by a mobile phone operator, allowing access to the public telephone network. A saw is a tool used to cut wood or other items. It can be of various shapes and sizes and worked by hand or machinery, consisting essentially of a thin blade or disk of metal, usually steel, the edge of which is a series of sharp teeth. A dishwasher is a mechanical device for cleaning dishes and utensils. Dishwashers can be found in restaurants and private kitchens. Unlike manual dishwashing, the mechanical dishwashers clean the loaded dishes by spraying hot water over them. Scissors are hand-operated shearing tools. They consist of a pair of metal blades pivoted so that the sharpened edges slide against each other when the handles opposite to the pivot are closed. A pair of scissors is meant for cutting anything like cloth, paper, hair, etc. A flash drive, also known under a variety of other names like pen drive or jump drive is a data storage device that includes flash memory with an integrated Universal Serial Bus (USB) interface. Flash drives are typically removable and rewritable. USB flash drives are for storage, data back-up and transfer of computer files. They are small, portable, durable and reliable because they have no moving parts. (Source: Our English Book Grade 9) A. From the above text, find the words that are similar in meaning to the following words: a. normally/generally b. device/instrument c. revealing/uncovering d. primarily/mainly e. holding f. puts in/pushes in g. cutting/trimming h. contrary i. tool/gadget j. detachable k. long-lasting l. dependable B. Match the words and phrases with their definitions: a. spectrum i. turned or twisted on a certain point b. serrated ii. the right or permission to approach or use c. manual iii. able to be carried or moved easily d. powered iv. a complete range of radio, light or sound waves e. shaft v. operated, controlled or done with the hands f. access vi. supplied with electrical or mechanical energy g. pivoted vii. having a row of sharp points along the edge h. portable viii. the main part of something long and thin, not including the end Book 9 193

C. From the above text, find the words for the following definitions: a. having both electrical and magnetic qualities b. a form of energy that comes from nuclear reactions and that can be harmful to living things c. someone who operates a machine or piece of equipment d. operated by a machine or system of moving parts e. the thin sharp parts of a knife, tool, or weapon f. the action or method of storing something for future use D. Write whether the following sentences are true or false: a. A microwave oven uses electromagnetic radiation to produce heat. b. Pliers are used for cutting pincers. c. Both pliers and scissors have pivot points. d. Pliers have sharp points along the edges to ensure better griping. e. Saws are operated only with hands. f. A dishwasher is a manual device. g. A manual dishwasher uses hot water to clean dishes. h. A microwave oven is called a cellular wave. E. Complete the following sentences using the ideas from the text: a. A microwave oven ..........................things or food items. b. You can use pliers for ....................................something. c. A screwdriver helps you............................screws. d. A mobile phone ......................... provides a cellular network. e. A dishwasher is a kitchen .............................and is used for cleaning dishes. f. USB stands for................................................................................................ g. A ............................ disk can be written or recorded date on it many times. F. Answer the following questions: a. What is a microwave oven used for? b. Which gadget would you use to cutting and twisting wires or holding a pipe? c. What is the difference between a manual gadget and a mechanical gadget? d. What are mobile phones used for? e. How does a mobile phone operator play a role in telephone conversation? f. Which tool do you use for cutting wood? g. Why are scissors hand-operated tools? h. What is the difference between a manual dishwasher and a mechanical dishwasher? i. Why do your pen drives or flash drives are portable? j. What are flash drives used for? Book 9 194

Seen passage 14 Read the following story and do the activities that follow: The Trick of the Fox Once upon a time, there was a tall peepal tree on the outskirts of a small village. In the tree, a couple of doves had been living for years. At the bottom of the tree, there also lived a big black snake in a deep hole. Every time the female dove laid her egg, the snake crept up the tree and ate the egg and the young ones. As a result, the doves were never able to raise their chicks. This made the doves very sad. They didn’t know how to get rid of the snake. After thinking about the problem seriously, they decided to meet their intimate friend, a clever fox. Then, they went to meet their friend. When the fox saw them, she greeted and welcomed them to her house. The doves were very sad. So, she inquired, “Hello dear friends! You two seem to be very sad. What’s the matter?” “The root cause of our problem is a black snake. He is after us. He eats up our eggs and young ones. Please help us get rid of this snake,” said the female dove to the fox. The fox too was shocked to hear this sad story. She promised to help the doves. She thought for a few minutes and then laid out a plan before the doves. “Listen carefully,” said the fox, “you know where the richest lady of this town lives. You’ve also seen her taking a swim in her private swimming pool. You know, while swimming, she always removes all her ornaments and keeps them on a tray kept by the side of the pool. While she is busy taking her bath, you two swoop down upon the tray and pick up a diamond necklace from it. Drop it into the snake’s hole. The security guards of the woman will come chasing you. After finding the ornament in the snake’s hole, they will first chase the snake away to save themselves from being bitten and then will take the necklace out of the hole. Thus, the snake will be chased away and you, too, will be saved from it.” It was a very good idea. The doves liked it. They flew to Rajita’s home where they saw her taking a swim in her swimming pool. As told by the fox, she had removed her ornaments and kept them in a tray. The doves swooped down upon the tray, picked up an expensive diamond necklace from it and flew towards the snake’s hole. The guards ran after the doves brandishing their sticks. They chased the doves and soon reached that big peepal tree, where the big black snake lived. They found the diamond necklace, lying inside the snake’s hole. Afraid of the snake, they first chased the snake away from the hole. Then, they took out the ornament and returned home. The snake never returned there. The doves thanked the fox for her help and lived happily ever after in the peepal tree thereafter. Moral: Intelligence always leads to the solution of a problem. Book 9 195

A. From the above text, find the words that are similar in meaning to the following words: serpent crawled consequence bring up depressing trouble determined close questioned reason surprised attentively wealthiest personal run after took off B. Match the words and phrases with their definitions: a. outskirts i. moved or flew quickly and suddenly downwards b. get rid of ii. attractive objects that are worn as jewellery c. promised iii. the outer parts of a town or city d. ornaments iv. someone whose job is to guard money or a building e. swoop down v. make yourself free of something unwanted f. necklace vi. told someone that you would definitely do something g. security guard vii. a piece of jewellery worn around the neck C. Write whether the following sentences are true or false: a. The trick of the fox became successful. b. The doves and the snake were friends. c. All of them lived in a hole. d. The guards chased away the doves. e. The guards killed the snake. f. The fox thanked the doves for their help. g. The wealthy man’s daughter gave her necklace to the doves. D. Rewrite the following sentences into the correct order: a. The doves did not know how to get rid of the snake. b. The snake never came back and the doves lived happily ever after. c. The guards chased away the snake and took out the necklace from the hole. d. Two doves were sad because a snake often ate up their eggs and young ones. e. Their friend fox gave them an idea to solve the problem. f. As suggested by the fox, the doves dropped the necklace of the wealthy man’s daughter into the snake’s hole. E. Answer the following questions: a. Why were the doves not happy with the snake? b. Whom did the doves meet to get rid of the snake? c. What was the fox’s plan? d. What were the doves told to drop in the snake’s hole? e. What did the guards do to take out the necklace from the snake’s hole? f. What lesson did you learn from the story? Book 9 196

Seen passage 15 Look at the map and read the text direction and do the activities that follow: On the map below is a route which starts from the police station and ends at the college. Aslam has a blank map. He calls Azlan to trace the same route. Azlan shows direction to him. College Buddha Road Tower Road Hospital Tower Road Guest Road Hotel Road Cafe Hotel Lions road Bank Road Swimming ABC Pool Supermarket Park Road City Exhibition Road Mall Sahid Marg Post Telecom School Office Kantipath School Road Video Shop Park Station Road Station Police Station “You are at the station. You have to go straight ahead along the station road until you see a video shop on your right at the first junction. From there, turn right and go straight ahead along School Road until you reach Kanti Path. Then, turn left and you will see another junction. Now, turn right and go along Shahid Marga; pass the City Mall and Swimming Pool on your left and post office and ABC supermarket on your right. After about fifteen minutes’ walk, you will reach Lion’s Road. From there, turn left and after five minutes’ walk, take the right turn. Go straight along the hotel road and pass the Guest House on your left. On the turning ahead, turn right and go straight ahead along Buddha Marga until you see the college on your left.” (Source: Our English Book Grade 9) Book 9 197

A. Match the words and phrases with their definitions: a. police station go past something b. trace a place where roads meet together c. route draw a line or lines on a surface d. junction a small hotel or private home e. pass a particular way or direction between places f. supermarket the local office of the police in a town or part of a city g. guest house a large shop which sells most types of goods B. Complete the following sentences using the ideas from the text: a. The journey starts from............................................. b. There is a cafe on..........................Road. c. There is a college on..........................Marga. d. There is a school on.................................Road. e. From School Road, you need to turn ........................to reach Kantipath. f. From the hotel, you need to walk ..................the road to reach the hospital. g. You will see a swimming pool on the..........side of the road while walking from Sahid Marga to Hotel Road. C. Answer the following questions: a. What does this map show? b. Where is the video shop? c. On which road do you need to walk to post your letter? d. Where is the hotel? e. What is next to the post office? f. Where is the park? g. Write the direction for reaching ABC Supermarket from the park. h. Write the direction for reaching the hospital from the school road. Seen passage 16 Read the following essay and do the activities that follow: Manechauka: A Place that Holds a Memory People have memories that are sparked by many situations. Places often make people remember experiences from the past. Many places hold memories for me: the river, school, hills, mountains, terai, etc. One particular place that reminds me of my childhood is Manechauka Bazaar in Tanahun District. Manechauka Bazaar is located near my house. This bazaar is very special to me for many reasons. I learned to enjoy the beauty of nature there. The cool streams - Naudi Khola and Paudi Khola- taught me how to swim. Trees and rocks over there taught me to climb up and down the hills. The school, Shree Tribhuvan Higher Secondary School, taught me to read and write. People living there taught me to adjust myself in a society of total harmony. Book 9 198

This very special place is situated in the northern part of Tanahun district. It is peacefully located on the lap of Khalte and Ulyhahar in Rupakot Village Development Committee. The neighbouring district, Lamjung, surrounds it in the North and Sabadi Khola in the west. The beautiful green forest adds to the beauty of this place. The pure natural drinking water of these streams is another salient feature of Manechauka. This bazaar is unique for a variety of reasons. People from different castes and religions are happily and peacefully living there. Everybody respects each other. They enjoy many different cultural programmes. They respect all occupations. Professional farming has also become a part of people living there. Not only this, emphasizing the significance of education, they have established a school and a campus in Manechauka. It has really helped people get higher education whilst living in their homes. In addition to these facilities, people are enjoying electricity, telephones and Internet services there. Thus, Manechauka is a place of beauty, harmony and peace. It always reminds me how to survive and get other people to survive in the society where I live. When I see people respecting each other, it brings me back to the memory of my childhood. Additionally, it has taught me to enjoy and live in multicultural society sharing about and caring about each other’s culture and religion. A. Match the words and phrases with their definitions: a. sparked i. small narrow rivers b. experiences ii. gets used to a new situation c. reminds iii. covers on all sides d. streams iv. caused the start of something or made someone remind something e. adjust v. events or occurrences which leaves an impression on someone f. surrounds vi. moreover or what’s more g. multicultural vii. makes someone remember something that happened in the past h. in addition to viii. relating to several cultural or ethnic groups within a society B. From the above essay, find the words for the following definitions: a. a large area of land covered by trees and other plants growing close together b. the time of your life when you are a child c. a small market or area with small shops and people selling things d. one of the areas into which a town or country is divided for official purposes e. large pieces of stone that rise up from the ground on the surface of the earth f. a form of energy that can produce light, heat, and power for different machines Book 9 199

g. a piece of electronic equipment especially a landline that is used for speaking to someone in a different place h. the large system of connected computers around the world that allows people to share information and communicate with each other C. Write whether the following sentences are true or false: a. Manechauka is a beautiful place full of natural things. b. The school taught the writer how to live in a society in harmony. c. The writer learnt to swim in Manechauka. d. He started his schooling from Manechauka. e. People of only one religion live in Manechauka. f. People have a feeling of fraternity. g. Manechauka is situated in the western part of Tanahun district. h. Manechauka has no telephone facility. i. People do not grow crops in Manechauka. j. Lamjung is a neighbouring district of Tanahun district. k. People in Manechauka follow different religions. D. Answer the following questions: a. What cause people to remember experiences from the past? b. What does Manechauka remind the writer of? c. Where is Manechauka Bazaar situated? d. Write any two things that the writer learned from Manechauka Bazaar. e. Write any two things that make Manechauka Bazaar unique for the writer. f. Why does the write call Manechauka a place of harmony? Explain it. g. Write any two signs of development present in Manechauka. h. Describe the geographical boundaries of Manechauka. Seen passage 17 Read the following passage and do the activities that follow: Greeting Cultures around the World The way people greet one another reflects their custom. It gives insight into their history and values. There is a wide range of greetings around the world. These range from the common handshake to other strange rituals found in some countries. Let’s observe how the simple action of greeting someone differs greatly from place to place. In some Eastern countries, including Korea and Japan, bowing is the traditional greeting. In Japan, it is accepted that the deeper the bow, the deeper the respect shown. In Nepal and India, people bend or nod and say Namaste or Namaskar joining palms together as if praying. Handshakes are also popular in these countries. In Tibet, people opt to stick out their tongue to greet others which may seem strange to us. Book 9 200