Maxim Book 9_Sunil_2075_final for press

In the United States, people shake hands firmly and make direct eye contact. It means a simple handshake is the normal greeting there. Shaking a person’s right hand while looking him or her in his or her eyes is the usual method. Handshakes are also common in other parts of the world, including Canada, Britain and Russia. When Canadians first meet, they often shake hands and introduce themselves by stating their name. In Russia, males grasp other men’s hands very strongly during the handshake. Similarly, most people in New Zealand greet each other by shaking hands. However, the native Maori people of that country display more physical contact: they press their noses together in a sign of trust and closeness. In other countries, such as France and Belgium, hugging and kissing are more common when two people meet. In those cultures, people kiss each other on the cheeks. The number of times varies depending on the particular country. In Saudi Arabia, men might hug and kiss each other (but not a woman) on the cheek. Men also shake hands with other men there. Thus, greetings vary from culture to culture and the place to place where they live. These cultures teach us how to assimilate in a society. It also helps us to know each other’s way of life. Moreover, learning about other’s culture can be a reliable tool for keeping peace and social harmony. A. Match the words and phrases with their definitions: a. reflects i. a number of different things of the same type b. insight ii. shows or expresses the nature or sign of something c. range iii. move your head down and up again once in order to greet someone d. bowing iv. become part of a group and are accepted by the people in that group e. nod v. a strong belief in the honesty and goodness of someone f. grasp vi. the ability or see to understand situations or people g. trust vii. take and hold something firmly h. assimilate viiii. bending the top part of your body forward in order to show respect for someone important B. From the above text, find the words for the following definitions: a. a traditional and widely accepted way of behaving or doing something b. the events that took place from the beginning in the past to till now c. the principles and beliefs that help you take decisions and act in various situations d. the grasping of two hands by people who greet each other Book 9 201

e. parts of your hands, in which you hold things f. the soft round parts of your face below each of your eyes g. putting your arms round someone to show your love or friendship h. tell someone another person’s name the first time that they meet C. Write whether the following sentences are true or false: a. No two countries have the same greeting cultures. b. Greeting is done differently in different cultures. c. Some people in the USA rub their noses to greet one another. d. Only Indian people say Namaskar to greet one another. e. Russian people hold hands firmly while shaking hands. f. Nepalese people join their hands to greet one another. g. In Saudi Arabia, women do not hug and kiss each other on the cheek. h. Understanding other cultures promotes social harmony. D. Answer the following questions: a. What is this passage about? b. What do greetings reflect? c. How do the Nepalese greet each other? d. How is bowing in Japan different from other countries? e. What are the different ways of greeting people in the USA, Canada, and Japan? f. How do Tibetan people greet each other? g. What is the significance of understanding other’s culture? h. Which country’s greeting do you think is the strangest? Why? i. Name any three countries where handshakes are common. j. Give another suitable title to the passage. Seen passage 18 Read the following story from the Bhagawat Gita and do the activities that follow: Mr Truthful Once there lived a great hermit, who was famous for telling the truth. He had taken a vow not to lie and was popularly known as “Mr. Truthful”. No matter what he said, everyone believed him because he had earned a great reputation in the community where he lived and did his spiritual practices. One evening, a robber was chasing a merchant to rob him. The merchant was running for his life. To escape from the robber, the merchant ran towards the forest where the hermit lived outside the village. The merchant felt very safe because there was no way the robber could find out Book 9 202

where he was hiding in the jungle. But the hermit had seen the direction in which the merchant went. The robber came to the hermit’s cottage and paid his respects. The robber knew that the hermit would tell only the truth and could be trusted, so he asked him whether he had seen somebody running away. The hermit knew that the robber must be looking for somebody to rob, so he faced a big problem. If he told the truth, the merchant would certainly be killed. If he lied, he would incur the sin of lying and lose his reputation. Any immoral act that may harm others is called sin. Ahimsa (nonviolence) and truthfulness are the two most important teachings of all religions that we must follow. If we have to choose between these two, which one should we choose? Because of his habit of telling the truth, the hermit said, “Yes, I saw someone going that way.” So the robber was able to find the merchant and kill him. The hermit could have saved a life by hiding the truth, but he did not think very carefully and made a wrong decision. In the Gita, Lord Krishna told Arjuna this story with the purpose to teach Arjuna that sometimes we have to choose between a rock and a hard place. Lord Krishna told Arjuna that the hermit shared with the robber the sin of killing a life. The robber could not have found the merchant if the hermit had not told the truth. So when two noble principles conflict with each other, we have to know which one is the higher principle. Ahimsa has the highest priority, so the hermit should have lied in this situation to save a life. A. From the above story, find the words that are similar in meaning to the following words: a. renown/popular b. fact/reality c. promise d. widely e. recognized f. gained g. flee/run away h. way/track i. hut j. believed k. trouble/dilemma l. unethical/bad B Match the words and phrases with their definitions: a. vow i. a state of disagreement b. reputation ii. a serious promise c. spiritual iii. something that is very important d. incur iv. connected with human spirit and religions e. sin v. experience something usually unpleasant f. teachings vi. the opinion that people have about how good or how bad someone is g. noble vii. an action or thought that is wrong according to religious laws h. conflict viii. morally good or generous in a way that is admired Book 9 203

i. priority ix. the ideas or principles of a particular person or group C. Choose the correct option: a. How many characters are there in the story? i. only one ii. two iii. three b. Who is Mr. Truthful in the story? i. the hermit ii. the merchant iii. the robber c. What is the problem in the story? i. The hermit was very popular. ii. The robber was finding the merchant to rob him. iii. The merchant was hiding in the jungle. D. Write whether the following statements are true or false: a. The hermit taught how to do spiritual practices to the merchant. b. The hermit lived in the centre of the village. c. The merchant was running away to save himself from the robber. d. Only the hermit saw the merchant going towards the jungle. e. The robber disobeyed the hermit when they met. f. The robber incurred the sin by killing the merchant. g. The hermit was in dilemma whether to tell the truth or not. h. The hermit saved the merchant’s life. E. Rewrite the following sentences into the correct order: a. There lived an honest hermit who he had promised not to tell a lie. b. One evening, a robber was chasing a merchant to rob him. c. The hermit told the truth. d. The robber found the merchant and killed him. e. The hermit saw the merchant going towards the jungle. f. He robber asked the hermit whether he had seen somebody running away. g. To get away from the robber, the merchant ran towards the forest where the hermit was living alone. F. Answer the following questions: a. What was the vow of the hermit? b. What reputation had he earned? c. Why was the robber chasing the merchant? d. Why did the robber feel the jungle as a safe place for hiding? e. Who had seen the merchant going towards the jungle? f. What did the robber know about the hermit? g. Was the hermit in a dilemma? h. What was the dilemma for the hermit? i. What are the two important teachings of all religions? j. Give another suitable title to the story. Book 9 204

Seen passage 19 Read the following passage and do the activities that follow: How Fruits Taste the Best When I was ten years old, my mother took me to Syangja. It was during winter vacation. My brother Phurba, who was fourteen years old, was also in our excursion. Mother told us to respect nature and learn where our food comes from. She added, “Fruit tastes better when we get it ourselves.” To learn more and to enjoy delicious oranges we headed towards an orchard. After an hour of walking, we reached the place where we saw orange trees loaded with ripe and tempting oranges. I still remember the taste and the smell of those nectars. Many large and small; green and ripe oranges were blooming and shining. I felt as if the big and small trees were welcoming us bowing with juicy sweet oranges, greenly leaves and prickly thorns. An attractive orange, that was the size of a cricket ball, seized my eyes. It was plummy and pulpy. Although the prickly stem ends scared me, I could imagine the juice inside it. Only thinking of the tiny seeds and delicious juice inside could tempt any one. I smelt it and imagined the sweet honey- filled nectar inside. Mother warned us not to pick the hard and green ones as they could be sour. “If you bite, your mouth may explode in little spurts of sourness,” she reminded. My brother enjoyed many oranges sitting in a corner which was just beside the orange tree. My mother, whose childhood had passed in that particular area, was rather excited. She was busy filling her bag with large and ripe oranges. I too had many but the last one was the largest and the sweetest one. Then we left the orchard. Since the place was so wonderful, we left with heavy hearts. While returning, my eyes caught sight of a large orange which kept on tempting me. I could easily imagine how soft, juicy, fragrant and bumpy that one would have been. I wished I could feel its texture and could hold its pleasant smell forever. From that day on, I always prefer fruits from their natural places. I have eaten oranges many times since then, but they have never tasted as delicious as the ones in the orchard. A. From the above passage, find the synonyms of the following words: holiday/break trip/outing/tour admire/regard tasty/yummy glowing greeting eye-catching frightened lure/persuade alerted bitterness specific thrilled sweet-smelling evermore Book 9 205

B. Match the words and phrases with their definitions: a. added i. covered with sharp pointy or spiky b. loaded ii. soft and squashy c. tempting iii. a sudden strong flow of a liquid d. prickly iv. said something more e. pulpy v. attracting someone to have it or do it f. reminded vi. put a large quantity of things onto something g. spurts vii. producing flowers h. blooming viii. made someone remember something C. From the above text, find the words for the following definitions: a. an area of land where fruit trees are grown b. bending your body forwards to show respect for someone c. sharp points that grow on the stems of plants d. the long thin central part of a plant from which the leaves and flowers grow e. the time of your life when you are a child f. similar to a plum in colour or flavour g. a thick juice that comes from some fruits or a sweet liquid that is produced by flowers D. Choose the correct option: a. What does the text narrate? i. the writer’s visit to Syangja ii. the mother’s warning iii. how oranges grow in an orchard b. What does the text describe? i. It describes the vacation plan of the writer and her family members. ii. It describes the sight, smell, taste and texture of the oranges in the orchard. iii. It describes Syangja District where Mother spent her childhood. c. What words are used in the text to describe the oranges trees? i. small and big ii. green and plummy iii. large and sweet d. What words are used in the text to describe the oranges trees? i. small and big ii. green and plummy iii. large and sweet E. Write whether the following statements are true or false: a. The writer of the text is from Syangja. b. The orange trees in the orchard had only green oranges. c. The weather was very hot when the writer reached the orchard. d. The taste of the orange is compared with a cricket ball. e. Green oranges are sour. f. The writer imagined the juice inside the orange. g. Her brother detested the oranges. h. Mother advised them not to eat unripe oranges because they could be bitter. Book 9 206

i. While returning the writer saw a large and tempting orange. j. They left the orchard very happily. F. Rewrite the following sentences into the correct order: a. While leaving the orchard, the writer saw a large orange. b. She wished she could feel the texture and smell that tempting orange. c. They saw oranges trees loaded with ripe and green oranges. d. The writer visited an orchard with her mother and brother. e. They ate many oranges and Mother took some in her bag. G. Answer the following questions: a. Where did the writer go in the winter vacation? b. What did the mother tell the children about nature? c. When do fruits taste better, according to the writer’s mother? d. Write any two words from the text that describe the appearance of the orange. e. What is compared with a cricket ball in the text? f. What tempted the writer? g. What did the mother suggest her children? h. What does the writer still remember about his visit to the orchard? Seen passage 20 Read the following essay and do the activities that follow: Dumplings: My Favourite Food Are you fond of eating? The world is filled with many varieties of foods. Each individual is unique on the basis of their taste. People like different food items at different times and occasions according to their culture, tradition and places they live in. As I belong to Nepal and observe its many cultures, I enjoy different food items. Among them is a dumpling, which is called momo in Nepali. Generally, momo is categorized into two types: veg and non-veg. There are varieties of vegetable dumplings like paneer, mixed vegetable and so on. Similarly, non-vegetable dumplings come in a long list of varieties, like chicken, buff, pork, mutton, fish and so on. Momos are served with pickles, which enrich the taste. Many varieties of pickles, like tomato pickle, chilly, peanut and other types are served with it. Basically, I enjoy momo a lot. In fact, I enjoy it so much that I don’t like to share it, not even with my brother! People think of it as junk food but I don’t think so. It is because we can make it healthy if we want. I am fond of it as I can choose from many varieties of it. When it is served hot, it tastes the best. As I adore the variety in general, I like the stunning smell of all the different types. The smell of spices, ginger, coriander, onion, chilly, oil and garlic always makes my mouth water. Whenever I pass the restaurants which serve momo, I remember the delicious and Book 9 207

yummy taste - different shapes, white skin, smooth surface and tempting appearance that attract any eye. The best part is that when we eat, pickle oozes out. When I sink my teeth into it and crush the stuffs inside - spices, onions and fat, I feel I am in heaven. I can eat three plates in a single sitting even though I know I will have a stomach ache afterwards! Besides, the modern varieties like Fried, Khuwa, C, Sui mai and Momo with soup which are best served in different restaurants, are being popular day by day. No doubt, momo lovers, like me, are also growing with its growth. A. From the above essay, find the words that are similar in meaning to the following words: a. most liked/keen on b. kinds c. person d. distinctive/special e. notice/watch f. grouped/classified g. hygienic h. select i. pain B. From the above essay, find the words for the following definitions: a. the meat from a pig, eaten as food b. the meat of a chicken c. the meat from a sheep d. things that are of very low quality or packaged food that has low nutritional value e. vegetables or fruit that have been preserved in a vinegar sauce or salty water f. types of powder or seeds from plants that you put into food you are cooking to give it a special taste C. Match the words and phrases with their definitions: a. served i. extremely attractive b. enrich ii. flows slowly out of something through a small opening c. adore iii. gave someone food and drink to eat d. stunning iv. after the time mentioned e. oozes v. make food taste better by adding something f. afterwards vi. like something very much D. Write whether the following statements are true or false: a. People enjoy same food items on different occasions. b. The taste for food makes every individual unique. c. The writer only enjoys dumplings. d. Non-veg dumplings are found with different types of meat in them. e. The writer believes that momos are junk food. f. Momos come in different shapes. g. C momo is a modern variety served in a restaurant. Book 9 208

E. Complete the following sentences using the ideas from the text: a. Different food items are enjoyed in different.............................. b. Veg momos have mixed...........................in them. c. The writer does not like to...........momos even with his brother. d. Momos taste best when they are served .............................. e. Momos have white skin and ................surface. f. The writer can eat three............................of momos in a single sitting. F. Answer the following questions: a. Which food is the writer’s favourite? b. Give two examples of non-veg momos. c. Why are momos served with pickles? d. What words are used in the text to describe the appearance of momos? e. Why do you think the writer does not want to share momos? f. What other types of momos are being served in restaurants? Seen passage 21 Read the following passage and do the activities that follow: Universal Etiquette Why can’t all the students show excellent performance? It is because student life is not free from problems. Different facets of life create troubles and sufferings. There are many ways out of such problems; however, if you follow a few simple steps, you can be what you like to be. You should develop good habits so that you can bring about positive changes in yourself. Student life is full of sufferings. Sometimes they suffer because of improper ways of eating or sleeping. At times, they lack exercise. Their improper way of dressing and unpunctuality in activities are other reasons. Besides physical suffering, social activities like impolite speech, ill temper, irresponsibility towards a given assignment and bad behaviour are some examples of social sufferings. Not only that, some economical reasons also play a vital role in student performance. Similarly, some of them are lazy, easily distracted and may be envious of other too. Some love socializing whereas others are simply disinterested in the class. Such defiling suffering is like illness which needs purification. Because of such problems, they show poor performance in their academic and extracurricular activities. There are many ways to eradicate sufferings. Universal etiquette like cleanliness, politeness, punctuality and orderliness are four combatants against them. Dirtiness is one of the main reasons. Many epidemics, health hazards, fatal diseases and irritations are the results of impolite and improper ways of human activities. For example, the number of patients in hospitals is increasing day by day. Because of dirtiness, the expenditure is also increasing in medication. Impoliteness in speech, behaviour, dressing and managing things are other reasons of pain. Most of the conflicts and fights are their results. Similarly, unpunctuality obstructs the ability to Book 9 209

complete task on time. As a result you may make unnecessary excuses. For instance, if you do not wake up early and reach school late, you may tell a lie or make a lame excuse for your late arrival. Lastly, in order to live a happy life, one must know how to organize oneself and one’s belongings. It is because the habit of organization helps to be punctual, hygienic, polite and clean. All the four good habits make you free from possible sufferings; therefore, they are referred as the combatants. Where to practise such good habits? All the good habits can be practised in your rooms. It is because you spend most of your time in your four rooms – bedroom, living room, classroom and bathroom. The following are the daily habits that can change grumpy faces into smiley ones: 1. Get up early in the morning. 2. Make your bed. 3. Keep aside a thing that is not necessary for you but may be useful to others. 4. Dress politely for all occasions, like at home, for school, for party, etc. 5. Arrange the belongings and appliances that you use. 6. Speak politely. Show good manners. Treat others the way you would like to be treated by them. 7. Respect your elders and love your juniors. 8. Complete given assignments on time and help out with chores at home and at school. 9. Find and adopt the good qualities of the ones who are around you. 10. Practise self-discipline like never waste food; never tell a lie; never fight; never take intoxicants, etc. 11. Clean your body and your living place. 12. Be punctual. 13. Do enough exercise, both mental and physical. 14. Reflect on your day and sleep on time. If you follow these daily habits for at least a month, it will change your behaviour and make you a successful, happy and healthy human. It’s no doubt that practice makes you perfect. Furthermore, things will be good according to your good behaviour. A. From the above essay, find the words that are similar in meaning to the following words: a. global/worldwide b. aspects c. problems d. right/appropriate e. rude/ill-mannered f. significant g. task h. jealous i. get rid of/remove j. outbreaks/plague k. risks/threats l. deadly/serious m. disputes, quarrels n. blocks/hinders o. needless p. example q. possessions r. bad-tempered s. etiquette t. implement u. blissful Book 9 210

B. From the above essay, find the words that are opposite in meaning to the following words: a. poor b. complex/difficult c. negative d. mental e. negligence f. dirtiness g. rudeness h. lateness i. cleanliness j. decreasing k. regularity l. departure m. firstly n. disarrange o. late p. good-humoured q. useful r. differently C. Match the words and phrases with their definitions: a. combatants i. spoiling or damaging b. defiling ii. substances such as alcohol c. distracted iii. feelings of being angry or annoyed d. ill temper iv. not able to concentrate on something e. intoxicants v. the quality of not being trustworthy or dependable f. irresponsibility vi. an explanation that is weak and difficult to believe g. irritations vii. the quality of getting organized or arranged in a neat way h. lame excuse viii. fighters or people who fight in a war i. orderliness ix. rude, impatient or easily made angry D. From the above text, find the words for the following definitions: a. existing everywhere or involving everyone b. the set of rules or moral values for accepted behaviour in particular social groups c. outbreaks of particular diseases in a large number of people d. activities that you do at school that are not part of your academic course e. devices and equipment such as a cooker or washing machine f. small jobs that you have to do regularly g. the total amount of money that a person spends h. the quality of not doing something or arriving somewhere at the right time E. Choose the correct option. a. What is this text mainly about? i. Punctuality and health hazards ii. Different facets of life iii. Universal etiquette as combatants to eradicate social sufferings b. Which one of them causes a physical suffering? i. Doing exercise regularly ii. Having good eating habits iii. Dressing improperly Book 9 211

c. Which one of them is a good habit? i. impoliteness ii. dirtiness iii. punctuality d. Dirtiness causes: i. unnecessary excuses ii. health hazards iii. impoliteness e. Which one of them is a good manner? i. Speaking rudely ii. Arranging belongings iii. Being late F. Write whether the following statements are true or false: a. To show good performance, students must be free from troubles and sufferings. b. If you show impolite behaviour, you can turn grumpy faces into smiley ones. c. Unpunctuality is an example of economical suffering. d. Punctuality causes students to show poor performance in exams. e. Politeness is an example of universal etiquette. f. There are no ways to get rid of troubles and sufferings in our life. G. Answer the following questions: a. How do troubles and sufferings affect students? b. Write down the four words from the text that show good qualities. c. Write down the four words from the text that show bad qualities. d. Write any two sufferings caused by dirtiness. e. When does a student need to make a lame excuse? f. Write any two examples of social sufferings. g. Write down any four examples of universal etiquette. h. What are the four major problems of students? i. How can these problems be solved? j. What is the importance of cultivating good habits? k. Which one good activity do you like to cultivate? Give a reason. Seen passage 22 Read the following paragraph and do the activities that follow: Pradeep, My Best Friend Pradeep Adhikari is my best friend for many reasons. Among many good qualities, his discipline always impresses me. He is self-disciplined. Not only in school and with teachers, he is well mannered at home too. His daily routine is appreciable. The way he dresses up; the way he arranges things and the way he behaves with others always fascinate me. Also, he shows respect to parents, elders and relatives. He respects not only teachers at school but also non-teaching staff. Everyone likes his speech. He is positive towards every situation. If anyone makes a fuss of anything and blames him, he takes things positively and settles back to being cool and calm. Moreover, his patience is his ornament. He never gets excited Book 9 212

or afraid of anything. He never worries too much. Similarly he can sing and dance very well. He can also play different musical instruments too. The only weakness I think he has is; he cannot say no to anyone. The interesting part is that he is able to impress everybody by his positive attitude. However, as nobody can, Pradeep is not capable of making everybody happy. He is punctual and advises everyone to be so. He always suggests me that I should not to be nervous in any difficult situations. In his view, problems always come with a solution. It’s just a matter of unfolding them. Once we try to unfold the problems, we uncover solutions. Such speech always attracts me. In my view, his helping nature makes him sympathetic and empathetic towards others. Because of his patience, he is popular among friends and teachers. He is cool, calm and controlled. In short, Pradeep is my role model even though he is the same age as me. A. From the above paragraph, find the synonyms of the following words: traits influences/affects schedule attracts seniors kin optimistic argument B. From the above paragraph, find the antonyms of the following words: stranger insignificant misbehaves depressed strength disappoint incompetent late calm/relaxed easy repels impatience C. Match the words and phrases with their definitions: a. self-disciplined i. feels nervous and upset b. mannered ii. put things in a nice order c. appreciable iii. puts clothes on yourself d. dresses iv. behaving in a specific way e. arranges v. enough to be noticed or considered important f. blames vi. the ability you have to control and motivate yourself g. worries vii. someone’s opinions or feelings about something h. attitude viii. says or criticizes that someone is responsible for something bad D. From the above paragraph, find the words for the following definitions: a. the practice of making people obey rules of behaviour and punishing them if they do not b. employees in a school or college whose jobs do not involve teaching c. a formal talk which someone gives to an audience d. a lot of unnecessary worry or excitement about something e. objects such as pianos, guitars, or flutes f. someone you admire and try to imitate Book 9 213

E. Answer the following questions: a. Who is the writer’s best friend? b. What does the writer say about Pradeep’s respectful nature? c. Write any two qualities that Pradeep shows at school. d. Write any two qualities that Pradeep shows at home. e. What does the writer say about Pradeep’s excitement and worries? f. Do you like to make Pradeep your friend? Give one reason. Seen passage 23 Read the following film review and do the activities that follow: A Specimen of Movie Review on ‘Jhola’ Title of the movie: Jhola Director: Yadav Kumar Bhattarai Producers: Raj Timalsina, Ram Gopal Thapa and Sushil Shah Starring: Garima Panta, Desh Bhakta Khanal, Sujal Nepal, Laxmi Giri and Deepak Chhetri Genre: Social Duration: 90 minutes Language: Nepali Release date: 7 December 2013 ‘Jhola’ is a Nepali film based on Krishna Dharawasi’s short story “Jhola”. It has depicted Nepali society about the Sati tradition that was prevalent until the 1920s. The film has beautifully presented the issues of violence against women. “Has Nepalese society really passed through such inhuman tradition?” is the question every youngster wonders about. The plot develops with the death of Garima’s husband in which she has to immolate herself upon her husband’s death, typically on his funeral pyre. She is supposed to be burnt alive with the dead body of her husband according to the tradition. However, she escapes the fire and hides in a cave. The help of her son fascinates the audience. Almost all the scenes seem realistic and historical. Traditional tools like dhiki, janto, madaani, etc. give traditional look in the film. Similarly traditional lights like ranko, diyalo and fire place represent ancient environment to the spectators. In addition to the Sati tradition, the movie also touches the Kamara Kamari (a kind of slavery) tradition. What a beautiful cinematography it is! I think costumes of the artists and the leaf music in traditional tunes touch the heart of every one present in the cinema hall. Garima’s natural appearance, her role and her acting are spellbinding and add to the beauty of the movie. This is a must watch movie. Don’t miss it. Book 9 214

A. From the above film review, find the words that are similar in meaning to the following words: a. category/class b. portrayed/represented c. custom/practice d. wonderfully/brilliantly e. brutality/cruelty f. cruel/brutal g. attracts h. spectators/viewers i. conventional B. Match the words and phrases with their definitions: a. starring i. make a film available for people to see or buy b. release ii. based on facts and situations as they really are c. prevalent iii. kill or offer as a sacrifice, especially by burning d. wonders iv. widespread or very common in a particular place e. immolate v. being the main actor or performer in a film or play f. pyre vi. feel surprised by how unusual or beautiful a particular thing is g. realistic vii. a high pile of wood for burning a dead body in a funeral ceremony C. From the above film review, find the words for the following definitions: a. an article in which someone gives their opinion of a movie, play or book, etc b. the name of a book, poem, film, play, etc c. someone who is in charge of a film and directs the actors how to play their parts d. someone responsible for making the practical and financial arrangements needed to make a film, play, or television show e. a traditional Hindu funeral custom where a widow immolates herself on her husband’s pyre f. a series of related events that make up the main story in a book, film, etc g. a ceremony that takes place after someone dies h. the art and methods of films D. Write whether the following statements are true or false: a. The movie ‘Jhola’ was produced by a single producer. b. The movie ‘Jhola’ had been written before the story ‘Jhola’ was written. c. The movie ‘Jhola’ and the story ‘Jhola’ show two different social evils. d. The Sati tradition is a social evil. e. In the movie, Garima does not attend her husband’s funeral. f. The reviewer does not like the movie ‘Jhola’. E. Answer the following questions: a. Who wrote the short story ‘Jhola’? b. When was the Sati tradition banned? Book 9 215

c. Who is Garima? d. Which social evil is depicted in the movie ‘Jhola’? e. What is the best part of the film? f. What did the reviewer say about traditional tools and lights? g. What does the reviewer say about Garima’s performance in the movie? Seen passage 24 Read the following book review and do the activities that follow: A Specimen of Book Review on ‘Lord of the Flies’ Title of the book: Lord of the Flies Author: William Golding Publisher: Penguin Book Characters: Jack, Piggy, Ralph, Eric, Rojer, Simon, Sam, etc. Genre: Fiction Year of publication: 1954 AD William Golding’s “Lord of the Flies” is still popular among teenagers. Its popularity is heightened because it is a blend of mystery and adventure. Furthermore, it carries the message to be civilized by remaining under law and order despite the absence of seniors for peaceful living. The story opens with a plane crash leaving a group of reckless schoolboys in a deserted island. In the beginning, it seems as if the young boys’ dreams have come true - who wouldn’t want a whole island to play on all day without any nagging from the adults? Soon they start governing themselves by electing a leader in spite of the absence of any adults. The plot develops with the struggle of the leader and protagonist, Ralph and Jack, the antagonist. Soon hunger for power creates conflicts and that leads to anarchy. Gradually, their decisions and actions turn from worse to barbaric and bloody. This leads to the tragic end of the children’s world. Ralph’s innocence is the most appealing. Later his maturity and realization is another fascinating part of the plot. It gives the lesson that life is not at all about how many friends you have and how popular you are, nor is it just having fun. The more one reads, the more one discovers the deep meaning of these questions- Are people naturally prone to evil? Which is better - to have rules and agree, or to hunt and kill? Indeed its inner meaning is dark, tragic and pessimistic but it makes the reader wonder how thin the line between good and evil really is. Yet, it deals with a Book 9 216

fundamental issue of humanity. What a transformation from innocence to experience it is! Almost every reader would recommend this book to teenagers who want to try something different or who like adventure and mystery. A. Match the words and phrases with their definitions: a. civilized i. controlling and managing b. remaining ii. extremely violent and cruel c. governing iii. attractive and interesting d. protagonist iv. the process of understanding something e. antagonist v. made someone behave more politely and reasonably f. barbaric vi. likely to do something or suffer from something g. appealing vii. advise someone that they should do something h. realization viii. continuing to be in a particular situation or condition i. prone ix. the main character in a play, film, book, or story j. recommend x. your opponent, for example in a competition or fight B. From the book review, find the words for the following definitions: a. having someone as a main actor or performer in a film, play, TV programme, etc b. a particular type of art, writing, music c. books and stories about imaginary people and events d. something strange or not known that has not yet been explained or understood e. an unusual, exciting, and possibly dangerous activity, such as a trip or experience C. Write whether the following statements are true or false: a. The text is an example of a film review. b. There is only one character in the story of ‘Lord of the Flies’. c. A group of boys survived a plane crash. d. They developed their own civilization on a deserted island. e. In the beginning, they were happy on the island. f. They had an adult whom they chose their leader. D. Answer the following questions: a. What is the main massage of the book ‘Lord of the Flies’? b. Who are the major characters of the Lord of the Flies? c. Where does the story of the boys begin? d. Why do you think the boys chose a leader? e. How does the story open and end? f. What leads the boys to the tragic end? Book 9 217

Seen passage 25 Read the formal message of congratulation and do the activities that follow: Hearty Congratulations! Oscar Ojha What a remarkable accomplishment! Congratulations on receiving the Annual Best Athletics Award - 2015 No one is more deserving than you to get this prestigious award. I’m proud of you. Your hard work and diligence have been certainly paid off. I’m sure of seeing and hearing a great deal about your achievement in the future. You have a bright future. Keep up the spirit! Nhyima Tenzing Sherpa ABC Institute, Birgunj, Nepal A. Match the words and phrases with their definitions: a. hearty i. careful and hardworking b. athletics ii. continue to do something c. deserving iii. sincere, warm, friendly d. keep up iv. a large amount or quantity of something e. a great deal v. worthy of being treated in a particular way f. diligence vi. sports and other physical activities B. Write whether the following statements are true or false: a. The text is an example of a congratulation notice. b. Nhyima Tenzing Sherpa has got an award. c. Writing this message, Nhyima Tenzing Sherpa is proud of Oscar Ojha. d. Nhyima Tenzing Sherpa wishes for the bright future of Oscar Ojha. e. The award that Oscar Ojha has got is an ordinary award. C. Answer the following questions: a. Who has written this message? Why? b. What award has Mr Ojha got? c. Why is Nhyima Tenzing Sherpa proud of Oscar Ojha? d. Where is ABC Institute situated? Book 9 218

Seen passage 26 Read the following notice and answer the questions that follow: Naulo Bihaani School Dhangadi NOTICE 15th January 2015 BAN THE PLASTIC The Eco Club is observing a Plastic Ban Week i.e. from 22nd January, 2015 in our school. Several activities including songs, street plays, declamation, and poster making competition, and cleaning campaign will be held to create awareness about the ill-effects of plastics on our environment. For further details, please contact the undersigned. Meher Moktan Secretary, Eco Club Mobile: 98484745530 A. From the above notice, find the words for the following definitions: a. a sign put in a public place that announces something b. say officially that something is not allowed c. celebrating an event d. the act of expressing something to an audience in a formal way e. knowledge or understanding of a subject, issue, or situation f. immoral or bad results g. one whose name is signed at the end of a document B. Complete the following sentences using the ideas from the notice: a. This notice was published on....................................by Meher Moktan. b. The Plastic Ban Week is supposed to go on for .......................days. c. The Plastic Ban Week is going to be held in the district of............................ d. The secretary of the Eco Club is................................................................. C. Answer the following questions: a. Who is this notice for? b. What activities will be held during the Plastic Ban Week? c. What is the purpose of the activities? d. Who issued the notice? e. How can one get further information regarding the Plastic Ban Week? Book 9 219

Seen passage 27 Read the following page from a newspaper and do the activities that follow: The News Express Kathmandu, Tuesday, March 17 8 Pages Price Rs. 10.00 INSIDE TODAY’S PAPER Rover Finds Clue of Possible Life on Mars Climate change threatening rhododendron KATHMANDU, MARCH 16 Experts have warned that rhododendron BY L. SHARMA (Rhododendron arboretum) has been affected NASA’s Curiosity Rover has recorded a burst due to climate change, over exploitation and of methane that lasted at least two months. lack of government monitoring. From this, scientists have seen possible NATIONAL, 3 explanations for the methane. One possibility INTERNATIONAL, 4 is that it is the waste product of certain living microbes. The scientists reported that for the A woman celebrates 100th birthday with a first time they had confirmed the presence sky dive. of carbon-based organic molecules in a rock South African Georgina Harwood has a sample. parachute jump to celebrate her 100th “This is really a great moment for the birthday. mission,” Dr. Grotzinger reported in a news conference. Calculations have indicated Power of technology that any methane there now must have been The mobile phone is small in size but the size created recently. of its benefits is beyond the calculations. MARS, PAGE 4 BUSINESS, 5 Swine Flu Infected Reached 10 In District SPORTS, 8 CHITWAN, MARCH 16 Nepal beats Canada BY P. POUDEL Nepal defeated Canada by seven wickets to Two more cases of swine flu have been detected in Chitwan. According to the District register their second straight victory in the ICC World Cricket League (WCL) Division-2. Public Health report, two out of 43 samples that had been sent to the capital tested positive OPINION, 7 for swine flu. With this the total number of the We’ll make a difference. infected persons has reached 10 in the district. WEATHER REPORT, 2 According to the officials all the patients who have been diagnosed with swine flu virus have been treated so far. They advised to the public to stay away from crowded places and wear masks to be safe from swine flu virus. It is said that cough, fever, sore throat, runny nose, body aches, headaches, chills and fatigues are symptoms of swine flu. They also claimed that they have adequate supply of necessary drugs and vaccines to treat the flu. SWINE FLU, PAGE 3 PRECIOUS DIAMOND Unique Collection Book 9 220

A. From the above news page, find the words that are similar in meaning to the following words: a. endangering/putting at risk b. specialists c. damaged/disturbed d. shortage e. commemorates f. hint/sign/evidence g. continued/kept going h. clarifications/descriptions i. option/likelihood j. microorganisms k. affirmed l. operation m. meeting/seminar n. pointed o. out/specified p. diagnosed/found q. affected r. cured s. coldness t. tiredness B. Match the words and phrases with their definitions: a. monitoring i. achieve something in a game or competition b. defeated ii. carefully watching and checking a situation c. register iii. break open or apart suddenly d. burst iv. signs or indicators that show someone has an illness e. drugs v. won against someone in a competition f. sample vi. very great tiredness or exhaustion g. symptoms vii. chemical substances used as medicines h. fatigues viii. a small amount of a substance collected to s. examine C. From the above news page, find the words for the following definitions: a. three sticks that the bowler tries to hit with the ball in the game of cricket b. experts who study science and perform various experiments c. a gas with no colour or smell that is used as a fuel d. the simplest units of a chemical substance, usually a group of two or more atoms e. a very small living thing that causes infectious illnesses D. Complete the following sentences using the ideas from the text: a. The botanical name of our national flower is .................................... arbo- retum. b. Nepal got victory over ...............................in the ICC Cricket League. c. You can read more news on sports on the page.............................. d. The section ‘weather report’ is given on the page............................ E. Write whether the following statements are true or false: a. Rhododendron flowers are getting affected because of climate change. b. Georgina Harwood is from South Africa. c. Dr. Grotzinger is happy about the recording made by Curiosity Rover. d. “Nepal Beats Canada” is the top story of the newspaper. e. Swine flu killed 10 people in Chitwan district. f. Using masks and avoiding crowded places are safety measures of swine flu. Book 9 221

g. Scientists have suspected that the methane can be the waste product of certain living microbes. F. Answer the following questions: a. What do experts say about rhododendrons? b. What is the botanical name of our national flower? c. What brave act did Georgina Harwood do to celebrate her 100th birthday? d. Which inner page carries the detailed news on swine flu? e. Where do we find the complete news on Mars? f. What did Dr. Grotzinger say about his findings? g. What are the symptoms of swine flu? h. What are the great threats to rhododendrons? i. What is the advertisement in the newspaper about? j. What is a “rover”? Seen passage 28 Read the following postcard and do the activities that follow: March 3, 2015 POSTCARD Hi Dev! Greetings from Phuket! I have just arrived at hotel, Lion. As I have promised, I am sending you a postcard. The weather is beautiful out here, as you can imagine, and the beach is oh-so- inviting. Tonight we’re going to Muktaban. From tomorrow we’ll start meditation. Can you believe that we meditate on the seashore? Wish you were here! Paro A. From the above postcard, find the words that are opposite in meaning to the following words: a. departed/left b. receiving c. dull/bad B. From the above conversation, find the words for the following definitions: a. told someone that you would certainly do something b. a card that can be sent in the post without an envelope, especially one with a picture on it c. the practice of emptying your mind of thoughts and feelings, in order to relax completely or for religious reasons d. a piece of land next to the sea, especially a beach Book 9 222

C. Complete the following sentences using the ideas from the postcard: a. This postcard was written on............................................................... b. The postcard was written from............................................................ c. Paro had promised to write a.....................to Dev after reaching the place. d. Paro wished that her friend ..........................with her. e. Paro arrived at Hotel Lion on.......................................................... D. Answer the following questions: a. When sent this postcard to whom? b. What is ‘Lion’ mentioned in the postcard? c. What did Paro say about the weather of Phuket to Dev? d. Who do you think Dev is to Paro? e. What did Paro inform Dev about his next day plan? Seen passage 29 Read the following advertisement and do the activities that follow: VACANCY ANNOUNCEMENT A well established English medium school is seeking dynamic, energetic, and well qualified candidates for the following posts: 1. Academic Coordinator: Full Time -1 M.A./ M. Ed./ M. Phil. At least five years experience 2. Secondary Level English teacher: Full Time- 2 M. A. or M.Ed. in English At least five years experience 3. Public Relation Officer: Part Time- 2 B. A. or B. B. S. At least two years experience Remuneration: Negotiable Fluency in English speaking is a must. Eligible, enthusiastic and passionate Nepali individuals are requested to send their scanned hand-written application. A copy of academic qualification, CV and supporting documents, and a recent pp size photograph must be sent by 20th March 2015 to the following address: Janta Kalika Secondary School Sorung Chhabise-8, Uadayapur [email protected] Book 9 223

A. From the above advertisement, find the words that are similar in meaning to the following words or phrases: a. looking for b. enthusiastic/active c. trained/eligible d. salary/wage/payment e. necessary f. educational g. bio-data h. latest i. candidates B. From the above conversation, find the words for the following definitions: a. having existed for a long time b. very lively and enthusiastic, with a lot of energy and determination c. someone who organizes the way people work together in a particular activity d. able to be discussed or changed in order to reach an agreement e. something that you definitely need in a particular situation f. a meeting in which someone asks you questions to see if you are suitable for a job or any course C. Answer the following questions: a. What is the advertisement for? b. Who has published this advertisement? c. Where is the school located? d. Who will be called for the interview? e. How can an applicant deliver his/her application? f. What are the inherent features to be a potential candidate? g. What does the advertisement say about the salary? h. Write any two documents that an applicant has to submit with an application. D. On the basis of your understanding of the advertisement, complete the following table: Wanted Posts Number of Qualification How many years Vacant Seats of experience? 1 2 3 Book 9 224

UNSEEN PASSAGES 1. Read the following text and do the activities that follow: Once there was a race of people who lived in Colombia. They were the Chibchas, and they were somewhat similar to the Aztecs of Mexico. They believed that at the bottom of a certain lake lived a god called the Golden Man, who could be kept good- tempered only by offerings of the most valuable kind. These offerings had to be numerous and frequent. So, at every full moon, when the lake itself shone like a great sheet of gold, the priests would load their canoes with offerings and, at a certain spot in the lake, the god’s dwelling-place, would cast them overboard, after repeating many prayers. Now, as gold was very common to the Chibchas, and as the Golden Man was accustomed only to the very best, they made beautiful ornaments and decorated them with precious stones, before casting them overboard. A. Write short answers to the following questions: a. Where was the god thought to be living? b. What was the way to please the Chibchas god? c. How did the Chibchas make their offerings even more valuable? B. From the text, find the words which are similar in meaning to the following: a. costly b. throw c. plentiful and often d. much the same as C. Write whether the following statements are true or false: a. The Chibchas lived in Mexico. b. The Chibchas were not atheist. c. They made most valuable offerings to their God. d. They did not like beautiful jewellery. 2. Read the text and answer the questions that follow: An old friend from abroad, whom I was expecting to stay with me, telephoned from the airport to tell me that he had arrived. I was still at the office at that time, but I had made arrangements for his arrival. After explaining where my new flat was, I told him that I had left the key under the doormat. As I was likely to be home rather late, I advised him to go into the kitchen and help himself to food and drink. Two hours later, my friend telephoned me from the flat. At that moment, he said, he was listening to some of my records after having just had a truly wonderful meal. He had found a pan on the gas stove and fried two eggs and had helped himself to some cold chicken from the refrigerator. Now, he said, he was drinking a glass of orange juice and he hoped I would join him. When I asked him if he had reached the flat without difficulty, he answered that he had not been able to find the key under the doormat, but fortunately the living room by the apple tree had been left open and he had climbed in. I listened to all this in astonishment. There is no apple tree in front of my living room, but there is one in front of my neighbours! A. Write T for true and F for false statements: a. The writer receives his friend at the airport. b. His friend probably got into the writer’s neighbour home. Book 9 225

B. Fill in the appropriate words: a. The writer’s friend was coming from ............................ b. He telephoned from the flat after .............................. hours. c. The cold chicken was found in the ................................ d. The man climbed in the ................................... room. C. Write short answers to the following questions: a. Why did the writer’s friend telephone from the airport? b. Where had the key been left? c. What made the writer astonish? 3. Read the passage and answer the following questions: The honeybee is one of man’s best friends. It has been valued for centuries as the source of honey. However the honeybee’s greatest value is the role it plays in distributing pollen among plants. In olden days farmers in the USA took pollination for granted when they discovered that honeybee colonies placed near their fields doubled and trebled the crop yield; they gained a new respect for the busy bee. Now in the USA, beehives are moved from crop to crop as needed, and farmers are glad to pay for the services. When a bee finds a particularly rich source of nectar and wants to tell his fellow-workers the good news, he goes into a special twist dance. The movements tell other bees how far to reach the nectar-loaded bloomed and in what direction. The number of turns indicates the distance and the direction is given in relation to the sun! A. Give short answer to these questions: a. In what two ways are honeybees our best friends? b. What did the USA farmers discover about honeybees? c. What are beehives being done in the USA? B. Write ‘T’ for true and ‘F’ for false statements: a. Honeybees are not helpful insects for us. b. Beehives are moved from crop to crop in the USA. c. Farmers are worried to pay the service. d. A bee tells the news to other bees by dancing. C. From the above passage, find the words as indicated in the brackets: a. discovered (synonym) b. value (synonym) c. gained (antonym) d. far (antonym) 4. Read the following passage and do the activities that follow: MOSCOW: The Russian navy says an experimental sea-based ballistic missile has failed in yet another test launch, signalling serious trouble with a key component of the nation’s nuclear might. Navy spokesman Cap Igor Dygalo said that the Bulava missile “self-destroyed and exploded in the air” early on Tuesday after a launch from a nuclear submarine beneath White Sea in The Bulava is reportedly designed to have maximum range of about 10,000 km and carry six individually targeted nuclear warheads. Russian officials say the weapon can penetrate any prospective missile defences – AFP. A. Find the words/phrases from the passage that are similar in meaning to the following words/phrases: i. power ii. possible iii. burst iv. make a way into something Book 9 226

B. Answer the following questions: i. What is failed in an experiment? ii. Where was the experiment conducted? iii. What is the source of the above piece of news? iv. What can the ballistic missile carry? C. State whether the following statements are ‘true’ or ‘false’: i. The name of the missile is Bulava. ii. The missile was successfully launched. iii. The experiment was conducted on land. iv. The missile destroyed itself and exploded in the air. 5. Read the following letter and do the exercises that follow: Shreepur, Birgunj, Nepal 10th March 2017. My Dear Punya, Thank you so much for your letter which I received yesterday. But I am sorry to know that you are so unhappy at Himalayan Boarding House. I understand that you feel rather homesick, for it is the first time you have been away from home; and I too, often want you home again, my child. But you know, we can’t always have what we want in life. If I were selfish, I would always keep you at home, for I don’t like any of my children to be away; but then how would you ever get your education and grow to be a self-reliant person to manage your own life? Your father thinks that a few years at a boarding school is necessary for all boys, to make men of them; and he knows best. So my dear boy, you must be brave and stick to your school. I am sure you will soon get to like it, as other boys do. Don’t mind jokes boys play on you, and if you do, don’t let them know you do. When they see you don’t mind, they will soon get tired of teasing you. So cheer up! And be a brave boy. With much love, Your loving mother, Shreya. A. Choose the right answer from the given alternatives: i. The word ‘rather is close in meaning with ............... . (slightly, carefully, slowly) ii. The opposite meaning of ‘tired’ is ................... . (exhausted, sleepy, energetic) iii. ‘Cheer up’ does not mean .................. . (make happier, brighten up, depress) iv. .................... is the closest meaning of the word ‘stick’ (continue, attach, push) B. Answer the following questions: i. Where is the boy studying at? ii. Why is he feeling homesick? iii. What do parents want him to be? iv. What suggestions did Shreya give to her son? C. Complete the following sentences supplying appropriate words/ phrases from the above letter: i. The mother is not selfish. That’s why she kept her son away from ....................... for study. ii. It seems that other boys play ................. on Punya. iii. One must struggle to get good .................... as the boy is doing. Book 9 227

6. Read the following text and do the activities given below: There was a coffee shop in front of my house where one man in his sixties always came and spent his whole day. Out of curiosity one day I went to the shop, ordered some coffee and sat next to him. Before I could speak, he asked me about my home and family. After that he became quite nostalgic. Suddenly his eyes filled with tears as he told me that I reminded him of his granddaughter Julli, who was in the US. I got to know his son was in the US for the last five years. He had been staying alone after his wife passed away a year ago. A retired officer with enough wealth, yet there was no one to take care of him. Speaking over the phone with his granddaughter was not enough. All he needed was love and care from his children. From that day onwards we became friends. I call him grandfather and he loves me very much. From my meeting with him I learnt that nothing is greater than family, and that money cannot buy happiness. The key to a happy family is love and care. A. Match the following: Column B Column A a. The coffee shop i. a retired officer b. The man’s son ii. to give him affection c. The old man iii. in front of the narrator’s house d. The narrator succeeds iv. in the united states B. Choose the correct answers and complete the following sentences: a. The narrator was……………….the man. i. the grand daughter of ii. the wife of iii. a stranger to b. The man’s wife………………. i. left him away ii. had already died iii. is also in the US c. The man’s age was…………….years old. i. sixty ii. below sixty iii. over sixty d. In spite of enough wealth, the man is ………….. i. cheerless ii. familyless iii. happy C. Answer the following questions: i. Why did the narrator actually go to the coffee shop? ii. How did the man become alone in his house? iii. What is the most important thing in man’s life? 7. Read the following text and do the activities given below: Rick is about 5 foot 7 inches tall, is in good health and is a cheerful sort of guy, whom I came to know while trekking through his village in Oregon in 1997. I enjoyed staying with him and working on his dairy farm where I experienced a new mode of living. Professionally speaking, for a living I am a fashion designer, so it was a new life style and entirely a new set of circumstances for me. We worked together with over 200 cattle, and six cowboys. Rick, the master, was interesting and friendly to everyone. In the mornings and evenings, we had to milk cows, and in the afternoons, we led the cows to the pasture in order that they could graze. We had to go across many fields and meadows to get there. Due to spending so much time together, the cattle and people almost seemed to be accustomed to one another! The fields were a vivid green, and the sky was particularly blue, and all of us looked around in amazement at the contrast of colours. It Book 9 228

was like being in an entirely different world. I had not planned to stay for a whole month however, but the novelty of the situation made me forget my home and career. Rick looked after everything for me and gave me a great deal of his attention and time. I found Rick different from my other friends; interested about me, caring, and highly amicable. A. Find the words from the passage that are similar in meaning to the following: a. friendly b. uniqueness c. familiar d. wonder B. Complete the following sentences by choosing the correct answer: a. Cows gave milk…….a day. (once, twice, thrice) b. The writer was greatly........with the beauties of nature.(pleased, impressed, amazed) c. The writer’s boss was a ………person. (amicable, fashionable, familiar) d. The writer knew Rick when……………. .(he was a child, he went to Oregon, he worked in his dairy farm) C. Answer the following questions: a. What did the writer think of his new job? b. What was his daily duty? c. Why did he feel that he was in a completely different world? 8. Read the following text and do the activities given below: Hippies were young people, mainly from the middle classes, who rebelled against society in the sixties and early seventies. So, what did they do? They ‘dropped out’. They left comfortable middle class homes and formed communes. These were often in the countryside, and there they used to grow vegetables and keep farm animals. They went to open- air pop concerts where some of them danced without clothes and took drugs. They went on protest marches against war, particularly the war in Vietnam. This lifestyle really shocked their parents. However, it was not only their life style that shocked, their appearance did too. Both boys and girls had very long hair, often with flowers in it. They used to wear flared trousers or long skirts and sometimes went bare foot. They were against many things: materialism in society, the boring routing of nine- to-five jobs, ordinary family life and war. Their slogan was: ‘Make love, not war’. Today most hippies are hippies no longer. They live middle class lives and worry about their children and paying the bills. A. Match the words/phrases in column A with their meanings in column B: Column A Column B a. formed i. without having any footwear b. protest ii. made wider towards the bottom c. flared iii. disagreement/opposition d. barefoot iv. developed B. Write ‘T’ for true and ‘F’ for false statements: a. Hippies were old people. b. Hippies opposed materialism and war. c. Hippies took drugs. d. All hippies danced without clothes. C. Answer the following questions: a. When did hippies develop? b. What was their lifestyle like? c. How were their appearance unusual? Book 9 229

9. Read the following text and do the activities given below: After having lived for over twenty years in the same district, Albert Hall was forced to move to a new neighbourhood. He surprised his landlord by telling him that he was leaving because he could not afford to buy any more chocolate. It all began a year ago when Albert returned home one evening and found a large dog in front of his gate. He was very fond of animals and as he happened to have a small piece of chocolate in his pocket, he gave it to the dog. The next day, the dog was there again. It held up its paws and received another piece of chocolate as a reward. Albert called his new friend ‘Bingo’. He never found out the dog’s real name, nor who his owner was. However, Bingo appeared regularly every afternoon and it was quite clear that he preferred chocolate to bones. He soon grew dissatisfied with small pieces of chocolate and demanded a large bar a day. If at any time Albert neglected his duty, Bingo got very angry and refused to let him open the gate. Albert was now at Bingo’s mercy and had to bribe him to get into his own house! He spent such a large part of his weekly wages to keep Bingo supplied with chocolate that in the end, he had to move somewhere else. A. Write ‘True’ or ‘False’ against the following statements: a. Albert Hall did not migrate to any place. b. Albert gave a small piece of chocolate to the dog in the early days. c. Albert always neglected his duty. d. At the end he moved to an unknown place. B. Rearrange the following statements in the correct order: a. Bingo demanded for a large bar a day. b. Albert left the district. c. Bingo made Albert move to another new place. d. Albert noticed a dog at his entrance. C. Answer the following questions: a. How did Albert hall surprise his landlord? b. What did he give to the dog? c. Why didn’t the dog let him open the gate? 10. Read the advertisement and answer the questions given below: WANTED A reputed trading house in Nepal representing Multinational Consumer Electronics brand requires the following hardworking and dedicated personnel: Post-1 Sales Representative The ideal candidate should be a BBS with 3 years of sales experience. He should be capable of handling and setting up a distribution network. The job entails extensive travelling around the kingdom of Nepal. Post -2 Service Technicians The ideal candidate should be I. Sc. with diploma in Electronics. He should have a minimum of 2 years’ experience. The job entails extensive travelling around the kingdom of Nepal. Salary and perks will not be a constraint for the right candidate. Please apply within 7 days with full bio-data, a photograph and contact no. to: Book 9 230

SIBANA ENTERPRISES P.O.Box No . 888 Kathmandu, Nepal A. Match the words in column ‘A’ with their meanings given in column ‘B’: Column ‘A’ Column ‘B’ a. constraint i. involve b. entail ii. competent c. dedicated iii. restriction d. capable iv. committed B. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words from the advertisement: a. The trading house is ...................... in Nepal. b. The candidate must be hardworking and ........................ c. ....................all over the country is one of the major duties for selected personnel. C. Answer the following questions: a. What is the minimum academic qualification for post-2? b. How much salary do the selected candidates get? c. What are the things to be submitted with the application? d. Mention the required work experience of the candidates. 11. Read the notice below and do the activities that follow: NOTICE We are pleased to inform our best wishers that as in usual year IVE is organizing a two-day-seminar on ‘Vocational Education’ on Monday 14 March, 2005. The experts and practitioners of Vocational Education from home and abroad will be assembled in the occasion. All interested and concerned to the topic are kindly appealed to register their names before 10th March. Desks of registration are available at the IVE office from 10.00 am to 4.00 pm on every Monday and Wednesday. Participants from abroad will be managed to board at the hotels of KTM if we are informed at least a week before the seminar date. Institute of Vocational Education (IVE), Sanothimi Bhaktapur A. Write the words from the above notice that are similar in meaning to the following words or phrases: a. notify b. a meeting to discuss or study on a particular topic c. that can be easily found d. to live and take meal B. Fill in the gaps with suitable words from the above notice: a. IVE is organizing ................. in March. b. ................... will take part in the programme. c. You can register your name before ..................... C. Answer these questions: a. What does IVE stand for? Book 9 231

b. What is this notice about? c. What does one have to do to take part in the seminar? d. Where does the IVE lie? 12. Read the advertisement and do the following activities: VACANCY ANNOUNCEMENT A well-established Multinational Organization seeks an energetic, qualified and self-oriented personnel for the following post: Post : Typist cum Receptionist Qualification : I. A. or equivalent Age : Above 20 not exceeding 30 Experience : At least 3 years Salary : As per company’s rules and regulations Qualified candidates are informed to apply with their C.V. and a passport photograph on or before March 20, 2003. The Director ABC and Company Lalitpur, Nepal Phone: 532003, 540775 A. Write the words that are closest to the meaning of the following words from the text: a. established in different countries b. full of energy c. try to find d. set up B. Read the advertisement again and answer the questions: a. What type of person is required for the post? b. What is the qualification and age bar of the candidates? c. How much will be the remuneration from the company? d. Where is the company located? C. Match the words in column ‘A’ with their appropriate meanings in column ‘B’ : Column ‘A’ Column ‘B’ a. salary i. multinational organization b. last date to apply ii. not less than 3 years c. age iii. intermediate in any subjects d. company iv. 20th March, 2003 e. qualification v. more than 20 years not exceeding 30 f. experience vi. not mentioned 13. Read the advertisement and do the activities given below: VACANCY ANNOUNCEMENT Everest tele Commerce is the first National and International call centre of Nepal. We are looking for 25 young, dynamic, dedicated and enthusiastic persons for the post of ‘Customer Service Representative’ for our international call centre. We invite applications from the eligible candidates with following qualifications: Book 9 232

• Must have an excellent command over written and spoken English • Previous experience in customer service will be given preference. • Must be an outstanding person having excellent communication skills. We provide five figure salary after the successful completion of the training with the best facilities such as transportation, meals, insurance, etc. Interested candidates, hand drop your applications IMMEDIATELY with a complete Bio-data and passport size photograph to: Everest Tele Commerce Pvt. Ltd. Lalitpur-18, Nepal P.O. Box 3600 A. Answer the following questions: a. What language qualification is required for the candidates? b. How much is the salary? c. What type of organization has published the advertisement? d. What other documents should be submitted along with the application? e. What are the other benefits provided by the organization? B. Read the advertisement again and fill in the spaces: a. Everest Tele Commerce is the first ...................... of Nepal. b. Application should be dropped……………....................... c. .................................candidates will be given great preferences. d. ................................ are provided by the organization after which candidates are employed. C. Write the words from the passage that are similar to the meaning of the following words: a. personal details b. favouring of one person c. strong feelings or interest in 14. Read the congratulation note given below and answer the questions that follow: Congratulations Hearty congratulations to Mr. Bharat Dutta Koirala Chairman of the Board of Adviser, and Director of Worldview International Foundation for having been awarded the prestigious Roman Magsaysay Award for 2002 Managing Director Lumbini Publication, Kathmandu Book 9 233

A. Write the words which are nearest in meaning to the following words from the above given notice: i. prize ii. warm iii. organizing iv. high status B. Write answer to the following questions. i. Why has Mr. D. D. Koirala been congratulated? ii. Where does he work? iii. When was he awarded and what was the award? C. Write ‘T’ for true and ‘F’ for false statements: i. The name of the award is Roman Magsaysay. ii. Lumbini Publication extends warm congratulations. iii. Mr. B. D. Koirala thanks the publication. iv. The congratulation note has been published by the World Int’l. Foundation. 15. Read the advertisement and answer the following questions: VACANCY ANNOUNCEMENT A reputed English medium school is seeking a dynamic, energetic and well qualified secondary level teacher for the following post: Post : Mathematics teacher (Full timer) Qualification : M.A. or M.Ed. in Mathematics. Remuneration : Negotiable Qualified and interested individuals are requested to send their applications to the following address with a copy of their academic qualification, CV and a recent passport size photograph within 20 March 2008. Tara Madhyamick Vidhyalaya Chhepetan, Gorkha. A. Find the words from the advertisement which have similar meanings to following: i. looking for ii. prestigious iii. salary iv. showing concern B. Fill in the blanks with correct information: i. The number of the required post is .................................... . ii. The last date to submit applications is ................................ . iii. ................................ is minimum qualification to apply for the post. C. Answer the following questions: i. What is the advertised post? ii. Who can apply for the post advertised? iii. What are the things to be submitted with the applications? iv. How much salary is fixed for the post? Book 9 234

CSECTION Writing Directions Expressions for giving directions: When you tell someone how to get • Turn right/left. to any places, you are giving them • Go straight on. Go straight ahead. Go directions. Consider the following points to write directions. along this road. Go along this street. M You can write directions in a • Go down this street. Go down the paragraph or point-wise using hill. Go up the hill. Go over the bullets or numbers. bridge. M Write directions from the starting • Go through the park. Follow this point to the final destination. street. M Use imperative sentences. • Keep walking until you see the park M Use the expressions ‘first, after on your right. that, when, next, until, finally, etc • Keep walking for another 500 meters. to show unity or order in your • At the junction, turn right. writing. • Go straight until you reach the M Use the terms ‘junction, turning, roundabout. roundabout, five minutes’ walk, • Take the second turning on your left. crossroad, etc’ in your writing. • Pass the police station on your right. • It’s on the left. It’s on the right. You Sample paragraph: can’t miss it. Here is a description of reaching my • The library is on the left. home from the nearest bus stop. After • It’s next to the football ground. getting off the bus at Milan Park, • Turn left and continue for about 200 walk around the park and take the first meters. turning on your left. When you turn • Follow this road until you come to left, you will see the big building of the main road. Nepal Bank Ltd. Pass the bank and • It’s on the corner of Zoo Road. walk straight until you reach the town • Yes, there is one across the street. hall. Turn left and go up the street. At • Turn left when you get to New Road. the corner of the street, you will see You will see the post office in front of a public tap on your left. My house is you. opposite the public tap. It’s a two story • Walk straight on until you get to the building painted in yellow. entrance of the school. • Starting at the bus stop, first go left Prepositions of directions and then walk down the road towards across from, next to, opposite, in the book store. front of, behind, beside, round, over, towards, between, on the corner of, near, close to,... Book 9 235

EXERCISE 1. Look at the map and write directions for one of the following places. a. From the police station to College the swimming pool. Guest RoadHotel Road Buddha Road Tower Road Hospital b. From the park to the post Tower Road office. Swimming Cafe Hotel Pool Lions road Bank Road c. From the guest house to ABC the video shop. Sahid Marg Supermarket d. From the hospital to the Exhibition Road school. City Post Telecom Mall Office Kantipath School Park Road School Road Video Shop Park Station Road Station Police Station 2. Look at the map and write directions for one of the following places. a. From the post Police MAIN STREET Supermarket office to the bus Hospital Station stop. Book Shop Bus Stop YELLOW STREET Restaurant b. From the factory to YELLOW STREET Factory the cinema hall. Cinema Theatre Temple Cafe c. From the restaurant to the post office. MAIN STREET d. From the cinema to the supermarket. 3. Write a paragraph GREEN STREET Shop giving directions to your friend how to Post Library GREEN STREET reach your home from Office the nearest bus park. Museum 4. Write a paragraph giving directions to one of your new neighbours how to reach a grocery store. Book 9 236

Instructions Instructions are step-by-step procedures of doing or making something. Instructions usually include rules of games, safety rules, recipes, specific experiments and how things work. Tips for Students: Point-wise instructions M Write your instruction in about 75 to 100 words. How to change a light bulb? M Instructions can be written in the n Firstly, turn off the electricity. form of a numbered list or in a n Secondly, remove the old light bulb and paragraph. keep it in a safe place. M Write first the topic sentence n Stand on a tool or table if the bulb is mentioning what your instructions fixed at a high place. are for. n Then, screw in the new light bulb in the M Create your sequence of holder. numbered steps. n Use CFL bulbs to consume less energy M Use active voice, present tense and save your money. and imperative sentences. n Finally, turn the electricity on and switch M Use time connectives (firstly, after on the light. that, then, later, next, finally,…) to n Follow these steps in order to get the link each step of your instruction. M End your instruction mentioning task done safely. how useful and how much fun this will be. Instructions in a paragraph Topic Sentence How to change a light bulb? Concluding Changing a light bulb is easy and safe if you follow these steps. Sentence Firstly, turn off the electricity. After that, remove the old light bulb and keep it in a safe place. You can stand or a tool or table if the bulb is fixed at a high place. Then, screw in the new light bulb in the holder. Remember to check the bulb when buy from the store. Finally, turn the electricity on and switch on the light. Follow these steps in order to get the task done safely. How to fill an ice cream cone? n Filling an ice-cream cone is easy if you choose a good scooper. n Dip the scooper in warm water. It makes it easier to glide through the ice cream. n Using the side edge of your scooper, scoop in an ‘S’ shaped motion. n Don’t take too long; the ice-cream will melt! n When you have scooped out the ice cream, place it in a cone. n And then drop that scooper back into warm water and grab the other. n Enjoy your cone. Book 9 237

EXERCISE Write a set of instructions or step-wise procedures for one of the following topics. n How to make a bed? n How to mend a bicycle puncture? n How to make rice pudding? n How to play ludo? n How to make mo mo? n How to make a paper plane? n How to fill an ice-cream cone? n How to make juice with a juicer? n How to boil an egg? n How to do mouth-to-mouth resuscitation? n How to brush your teeth? n How to make a paper boat? Obligations and Prohibitions Every public and private organization or institution has a set of rules and regulations for its smooth function and regulation. Rules and regulations include some obligations and prohibitions for visitors. Here are some useful structures for writing obligations and prohibitions: • Use simple present tense to show timetable: The park remains open from 2 pm to 6 pm. The club welcomes only the Nepalese players. The library remains close on Saturday. • Use auxiliaries like must/must not (strong obligation/duty), have to/do not have to (poor obligation), should/should not (suggestion/ reminding rules), will/will not (permission/future time table) and may/may not (permission), etc. Students must provide their own pens or pencils. All cell phones must be turned off and stowed away during the exam. Students should bring their student ID cards with them to the examination. No other food or drink will be permitted. Students arriving late will not be allowed any extra time. You should wear trousers in the club. You have to stand in a queue to get your work done. • Use the verbs of permission and obligation like ‘permitted, allowed, prohibited, etc’. Smoking is prohibited in the exam room. Calculators are not allowed unless indicated on the examination paper. You are not allowed to pluck the flowers. You are not allowed to feed the animals in the zoo. Trespassing is not allowed here. • Use verbs like ‘advised, required, expected, etc’ and phrases like ‘responsible for, supposed to, intended to, requested to, etc’ to show any particular rules. Students are advised not to bring valuables to the examination room. Students are required to bring along their I. D. cards. Students are responsible for bringing their I. D. cards with them. Book 9 238

Read these sample rules and regulations (obligations and prohibitions): Library: a. The library remains open from ten to four and it remains close on Sunday. b. Only active members can borrow library materials. c. Only two books can be borrowed at a time for 15 days. d. Certain books and documents are intended to be used only in the library premises. e. Library materials borrowed must be returned on or before the due date. f. Silence must be observed strictly in the library. g. Users are requested to leave the books on the reading table after consultation. h. Smoking is not permitted in the library. i. On leaving the library, all users are required to produce all books and items taken out of the library for inspection. j. Readers and visitors are requested not to bring their belongings in the library. k. The library will not accept responsibility for the loss or misplacement of personal belongings. l. The library rules and regulations shall be modified from time to time and shall be binding on all concerned. Park: a. The park remains open from 2 pm to 6 pm everyday. b. The park shall be closed between sunset and sunrise. c. Pets are not allowed in the park. d. Smoking is not allowed in no-smoking areas. e. You are not allowed to throw or leave paper, fruit skins or other rubbish anywhere except in the designated places. f. Plucking flowers is strictly prohibited in the park. g. You are allowed to play games only in fenced areas. h. Only members can play games in the park. i. All plants and other natural features in the park are protected. It is unlawful to remove, alter or destroy them. j. Violation of any of the provisions of this park is guilty of a misdemeanour, and on conviction shall be punished by a fine. EXERCISE Now write a set of rules and regulations (obligations and prohibitions) for any one of the following places: a. Gym club b. School or College c. Zoo d. Temple e. Museum f. School hostel g. School library h. Hospital i. Swimming pool j. Health Post Book 9 239

Posters A poster is a kind of announcement or advertisement. It contains a large printed picture or notice to announce or advertise a product or spread a social message or create awareness. A poster should have a catchy line and attractive visuals to grab the attention of the target group. Usually there are two kinds of posters. 2 Non-event Poster: It includes social issues or advertisements of any 1 Event Poster: It includes events like products. It usually has the following book fairs, school fetes, health camps, points: etc. It usually has the following M Slogans points: M Statement or announcement M Slogans M Convincing reasons M Venue and date M Special features M Important information M Name of the organizer M Special features M Concluding statement M Name of the organizer Sample posters By taking a little care Roads can be made safer Come one, come all to SAFETY RULES 17Th Asian Book Fair 1. Follow traffic signals. 2. Don’t cross speed limits. Man can deceive but books can never. 3. Use seat belts. These are your true friends; value them. 4. Don’t talk on mobile phones while driving. 5. Don’t drink and drive. Features 6. Use the zebra crossing to cross the road. 1. Books for all age groups and on all BE OBEDIENT AND BE SAFE subjects Issued by: Transport Department, Govt. of Nepal 2. Computer software and educational Let’s unite together... CDs Join Join Join 3. Audio-visual teaching aids 4. Heavy discount n Are you a concerned citizen? 5. No entry fee n Does corruption bother you? n Does the lack of amenities disturb your mind? Date: December 10th to 15th BBotloreoeoiksaksussurteotroe n Is women’s safety your concern? Time: 10 am to 5 pm Venue: Bhrikuti Mandap (Stall No. 10) IF YES, THEN WE HAVE A SOLUTION- Organised by: International Book Fair Authority, Kathmandu. Join the MAHILA SAMAJ PARTY NEPAL today and make the difference. Book 9 240

Tips for Students: M Use interesting and eye catching headings. M Use slogans and jingles that rhyme for a melodic effect. M Use simple drawings to make your poster attractive. M Use different size fonts that are attractive. M Use bullets, numbering, and headlines to make it easy to read. M Your text should be clear and to the point. M The text structure must be logical and the argument has to be convincing. M Put the most important information in the largest print and position it close to the top of the poster. M The name of the issuing authority should be mentioned below a line. DRUG ADDICTION SAVE MOTHER EARTH ENDLESS AFFLICTION n They contaminate eatables. Easy to get in, n They are hazardous to health. Impossible to get out. n They can’t be recycled. n Burning them produces Drugs can ruin lives and potential. It badly poisonous gases. affects your brain and your body. It promises you feelings of exhilaration but just leaves SAY ‘YES’ TO PAPER BAGS n It can be reused and recycled. you with addiction and pain. n It is safe for man and environment. n They don’t contaminate food articles. Don’t hug the drug, It’ll suck your blood and make you a dud. Everest School Family, Lalitpur Adopt them or perish Department of Health Services [email protected] Manbhawan, Lalitpur, Nepal Email: [email protected] EXERCISE a. You want to create awareness that old people are an asset to society and they should be taken care by the society. Prepare a poster to be displayed in different places in your neighborhood. b. Suppose a social organization has decided to launch a campaign against alcohol abuse and you are asked to create a poster. Use the following guidelines to create an impressive poster. (Slogans – Alcohol is not COOL, they make you a FOOL……… convincing reasons……… concluding statement – Live a Healthy Life……… organizer) c. Prepare a poster on the title ‘Summer Sale’ for a store that sells clothes. (Slogans …… announcement…… convincing reasons……discount offer……store name) d. Design a poster in not more than 70 words for school library on the value of books and good reading habits. Use catchy slogans and make it more informative. Book 9 241

Advertisements TU Road, Kuleshwor, Kathmandu, Nepal V Phone: 4672071, 5187211, 5187226 A An advertisement is a public notice or e-mail: [email protected] C announcement that carries information about www.readmorenp.com A a product, event, or job. It is usually published N in public media like radios, newspapers, WE ARE RECRUITING C televisions, Internet, etc. Y for professionals with passion, Components of an advertisement: dedication and commitment to excellence and innovation and who • Headline and sub-headline: They are interested in writing, editing and introduce the topic, product or event and proofreading school textbooks. make the promise statement. Post: Textbook writers/editors (2) • Slogan: It should be short and catchy. It should get the attention of the audience. Experience: At least 4 years  • Body: When the headline usually makes Even if you have already, or have MSUAEBXJTEPTCERTETRS a claim, the body elaborates upon it and previously been a part of our provides supporting proof. Use short and publication, send your updated simple sentences. resume to the email address listed above so that we can • Layout: The layout of an advertisement review your information. includes the various elements of designing. Make its layout visually attractive. The last date of sending your resume is May 10 by 4 pm. • Advertiser: The advertisement also mentions the name of the advertiser. Make your writing career with our publication! FINISH LINE THE CHOICE OF WINNING TEAMS Everything you need for a perfect day on your bicycle: SINCE n Finish Line Wet Lube is strong enough for the Good Choice! 2001 toughest conditions and keeps your drive-train Great running smooth and fast. Choice!! n Speed Degreaser is our fastest and strongest Milan Cycle Store degreaser. It dries without leaving a residue and is Kupondole, Lalitpur safe on disc brake rotors. 015534688 n Super Bike Wash can clean an entire bike, is safe on all surfaces, and requires little to no scrubbing. Book 9 242

VACANCY STILL MISSING We are seeking for some qualified and dynamic staff LOST for our leading co-educational school. CHILD • English teachers (B. Ed. or M. Ed.) SURESH • Montessori Director (Montessori Trained) THAPA • Principal (B. Ed. or M. Ed.) Suresh Thapa, 12 years old is missing from Each position will involve teaching students and also school since May 10th, 2011. Friends report assisting in the encouragement of extra-curricular to have seen Suresh for the last time at activities. Kalimati, Kathmandu. Only short-listed candidates will be called for If you find him, please inform us: interview. Phone: 01884326 Mobile: 9839482578 Please submit your resume to: Email: [email protected] SB Academy Kirtipur, Kathamndu [email protected] Tel No. 014455223 Being today SmSmarat rptabSremengartintsKniindgs to achieve tomorrow ADMISSION OPEN Admission forms can Playgroup Nursery LKG UKG be collected from Introducing Grades 1 and 2 from this session onwards school (7 am to 4 pm) Features: on all working days. n Focus on children's all round development n Innovative teaching aids n Trained and skillful teachers n Ample free play area Cradle Kids Care and Pre-school n Multimedia room n Updated library Banepa-5, Kavre Tel: 011661297 EXERCISE b. Opening of a new shop d. School bags on sale Write one of the following types of advertisements. f. Missing person a. Vacancy of a teacher in your school c. School new admission e. New library in your neighborhood Book 9 243

Messages of Condolence Condolence messages are often written to express sympathy and condolences to the bereaved family. Condolence messages are very common in newspapers and magazines, and are prepared with some designs. They follow different structures and patterns and look distinct from other pieces of writing. Points to remember : a. Express your grief and sympathy in the first sentence. b. Give a short introduction of a dead person with his/her relationship with you. c. Express your condolence to the bereaved family. d. Pray for the departed soul. e. Write some sentences to overcome the grief of the relatives. f. Enclose your condolence notice wishing for the departed soul. g. Write your name and address. Read the following condolence notice: CONDOLENCE Birth : 1960 Death : 2016 Late Mr. Anup Bhetwal We are grieved by the sudden and untimely demise of Mr. Anup Bhetwal, the manager of Blooming Hotel. He was hardworking and sincere. He contributed a lot to make the hotel popular in the city. We express our heartfelt condolence to his bereaved family and relatives and pray for the departed soul to rest in heaven in peace. He will remain in our hearts forever. Blooming Hotel Family Kathmandu EXERCISE 1. You and your friend, Gautam Yadav, were working in Gyan Kunja Secondary School in Sanothimi, Bhaktapur. Unfortunately, he was killed in a motorcycle accident in Bagbazar, Kathmandu. Write a formal notice of condolence to be published in a newspaper, using the clues given below: Gautam Yadav - 30 years old - science teacher - died on 1st April, 2002 - helpful - hard working and sociable Book 9 244

2. Write a newspaper condolence notice on the untimely demise of your friend. Use the clues given below: Gokul Tharu - 21 years old - sociable and helpful - a national volleyball player - killed in car accident on April 2, 2002. 3. Imagine that one of your friends had a bus accident and died in hospital. Write a formal notice of condolence in a newspaper using the clues given below: Hari Kanta Sharma, 47 years old, a political leader, popular, social and helpful member of the community. 4. Suppose you are Bharati Sharma and your friend is Laxmi Giri. Both of you were working at Narmada Hosiery Centre in Taulihawa, Kapilbastu. Unfortunately Laxmi was killed in a plane crash flying from Bhairahawa to Kathmandu. Write a formal notice of condolence to be published in a newspaper, using the clues given below. Laxmi Giri - 25 years old - office secretary - died on 2nd March 2003 - always cheerful and co-operative - very close to the hearts of her neighbours and friends. 5. Suppose you are Madhav Joshi and your friend is Laxman Shahi. Both of you were working at Himalayan International Secretarial Centre. Unfortunately, Laxman was killed in a bus accident that plunged into the Trishuli River. Write a formal notice of condolence to be published in a newspaper, using the clues given below: Laxman Shahsi -32 years old - typist- died on February 5, 2003-always humorous and cheerful - liked by all the friends - a great loss. 6. The students of your class had been learning Maths for many years from Mrs. A. K. Shrestha. Unfortunately she was killed in a plane crash. Using the clues given below, compose a formal message of condolence to be published in a newspaper: Mrs. A. K. Shrestha - 50 years old - wonderful person - talented, strict and sociable - a senior Maths teacher at Minerva Secondary School, Kathmandu - died on 9th of Chaitra 2060. 7. Mr. B.K. Sharma, an old teacher of Nepali subject of your school, worked for 40 years. Unfortunately he was killed in a train accident on an annual pilgrimage to Benaras. Using the clues given below, compose a formal message of condolence to be published in a newspaper: Mr. B. K. Sharma - 60 years old - sincere, strict and sociable - an Assistant Headmaster of Bhrikuti Secondary School, out - died on 12th of Chaitra, 2060 Book 9 245

Messages of Congratulations Read the following sample messages of congratulations. Congratulations Hearty congratulations to Mr. Bishnu Koirala the Chairman of Worldview International Foundation for having been awarded the prestigious Best Performer Award for 2018 You deserve all the great things that are coming wish you for the bright future Managing Director Lumbini Publication, Kathmandu The SB Academy family extends its Hearty Congratulations to Soniya Shrestha for winning the National Swimming Championship. We are proud of your hard work. Keep working hard and believing in yourself; and success shall follow you everywhere you go. Best wishes from: SB Academy Family Jawalakhel, Lalitpur A congratulatory message usually has three parts: 1. Express your congratulations in a sentence. 2. Write a sentence or two to express how glad you are to know about his/her success or achievement or good news. 3. Express your good wishes for his/her future. Book 9 246

PHOTO Hearty Congratulations Anita Basnet 20 Years of Service Congratulations on your anniversary of twenty years of services to Buddha Foundation Academy. Clearly, reaching this milestone is a very special occasion for you and for this organization. It is a superlative demonstration of your loyalty and dedication to the college. You are a valued member of your team and your continued contributions are vital components to success of the college. Wish you for the bright futures! Congratulations once again. Buddha Foundation Academy Family Patan, Lalitpur Expressions for writing the messages of congratulations • I am overjoyed with your success. • We are amazed to know that.............. Congratulations • My happiness knew no limit when... • I can’t tell you how happy I am ...... We would like to extend our hearty • It was great to hear about … congratulations to one of our club • Heartiest congratulations on your success! members • Congratulations. Well done. • Congratulations for always evolving and inspiring others. • I’d like to congratulate you on … Mr Sudip Shrestha • I must congratulate you on… • Good work. Your hard work has truly paid off. for winning the national championship. • Congratulations for making your dreams come All club members really cheer up his true. Dream on and achieve on. grand victory! • Congratulations on reaching your goals… We are proud of his hard work and wish • Wish you a bright future! Success is delivered him all the best for his bright future. only to the deserving. Zonal Health Club and Family • Promotions will come and go but your hard New Road, Kathmandu work will always shine. I must say your future is looking bright. • Good grades are life’s way of saying that there is a bright future in store for you. Book 9 247

EXERCISE a. Suppose a friend of yours won a national level swimming championship. Write a message of congratulations to be published in a daily newspaper. b. Suppose one of your family members got a promotion to a higher position. Write a message of congratulations to be published in a national daily. c. Write a congratulatory message to be appeared in a newspaper to your friend who stood first in the final term exam and won many prizes. d. Write a formal message of congratulations to be appeared in a newspaper for a social worker who has done great deeds for your community. e. Suppose your friend got a grand scholarship to study aboard. Write a message of congratulations to be published in a daily newspaper. f. Suppose your school team won the district level inter-school volleyball championship. Write a message of congratulations to be published in a daily newspaper. Menus A menu is a small booklet or page that contains a list of food items and drinks available in a restaurant. Writing a menu in an exam usually contains the following components: • the name, address and contact number of a restaurant • a list of food items with their prices • special offers and facilities for customers • main attractions or daily attractions • short descriptions of special food items Tips for students • Design your menu in about 75 to 100 words. • Draw some pictures and use different size fonts to make your menu visually attractive. • Highlight the main points , special offers and daily attractions. • Use adjectives with food items (crispy chicken, vanilla icecream, sweet corn, steamed momo, fired rice, grilled chicken, hot and sour soup, sea food, cheese cracker, boiled egg, chilled cucumber soup, etc). • Categories food items under different headings (appetizer, snacks, main course, drinks, deserts, Newari food, kids’ meal, Friday Special, beverages, mo mo, burgers, etc), in different columns. • Write some sentences to express special information, offers and daily attractions. • Write a short description for some special food items. Book 9 248

Study the following sample menu. MENU Lake House Family Restaurant … where guests want to return to week after week After 10 years of excellence, we have five branches in Kathmandu and we serve different kinds of dishes. Soup Main Course Chicken Soup.....................Rs. 80 Plain Rice............................Rs. 90 Mushroom Soup.................Rs. 70 Fried Rice......................... Rs. 110 Veg Soup..............................Rs. 60 Egg Fried Rice..................Rs. 130 Tomato Soup..................... Rs. 55 Chicken Fried Rice...........Rs. 200 Mo Mo Hot Drinks Chicken Mo Mo..................Rs. 200 Milk Tea..............................Rs. 25 Buff Mo Mo........................Rs. 150 Black Tea........................... Rs. 20 Veg Mo Mo.........................Rs. 100 Lemon Tea..........................Rs. 20 Hot Lemon......................... Rs. 20 Burger Chicken Burger..................Rs. 120 Today’s special Cheese Burger...................Rs. 130 offer Veg Burger.........................Rs. 90 Ham Burger........................Rs. 100 10% on discount Veg Burger Yomari “You don’t have to like it, Call but you have to taste it.” 0155455455 Note: for free • Please check prices on the menu before visiting or ordering. home • If you have a food allergy, please speak to your server before you order your meal. delivery. EXERCISE a. Prepare a breakfast menu or lunch menu or hot drink menu for a restaurant. b. Prepare a small menu for a newly opened cafe in your neighbourhood. c. Suppose one of your neighbours is going to open a restaurant in your neighbourhood. Prepare a menu for his restaurant. d. Suppose there is a school fete next month and your class is going to have a food stall. Prepare a menu for your stall. Book 9 249

Recipes A recipe is a set of instructions telling you how to prepare and cook food, including a list of ingredients and equipment you need. Five parts of a recipe: 1. Title: Write the name of your recipe in boldface (centered above recipe). 2. Servings: Mention the number of servings your recipe produces. 3. Total Time: Mention the amount of time both to prepare ingredients and to cook the dish. 4. Equipment: List the names of kitchen equipment and tools you need prepare your recipe. Use size words (large, small, square,...) to specific their sizes. 5. Ingredients: • Ingredients are listed in the exact amount as needed. 2 large eggs 4 tablespoons butter 1/2 cup sugar 1 tablespoon baking powder 2 cans of corn 100 grams green beans 2 cups melted butter approximately ½ kg mutton • Ingredients should be listed in the order they are used in the recipe in order to prevent leaving out any ingredients. • Use adjectives to specify ingredients. M fresh, green, washed, peeled, cored, pitted, seeded,… M halved, quartered, chopped, sliced, diced, minced, pureed,… M raw, frozen, defrosted, canned, dried, toasted, preserved, powdered, … 6. Directions: The recipe should have directions for how to prepare it. • Write the step-by-step procedure, starting with the first step to the last one. • Use bullets to separate steps. • Use imperative sentences to write directions. • Use the following cooking verbs. add bake beat blend boil coat combine chill until set chop cover crush reduce heat drain fold in fry remove seeds grate mince slice set aside mix peel pour separate simmer steam stir whip strain refrigerate toast • Describe serving, storing, or any additional information for the recipe.   Book 9 250