202110210-APEX-STUDENT-WORKBOOK-SOCIAL_STUDIES-G08-PART2

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Table of Contents Unit Theme Content Page No. 3. Political Systems and Governance 11A. National Movement - The Early 1 Phase (1885 to 1919) 14 11B. National Movement - The Last Phase (1919 to 1947) 27 36 12. Indian Election System 49 66 13. The Indian Constitution 14. Parliament and Central 77 87 Government 15. Law and Justice - A Case Study 4. Social Organisation and 17. Understanding Poverty Inequalities 18. Rights Approach to Development 5. Religion and Society 19. Social And Religious Reform 97 Movements 111 20. Understanding Secularism 119 129 6. Culture and 24. Disaster Management 130 Communication Project Based Questions Additional Map Based Practice Questions

11A. NATIONAL MOVEMENT - THE EARLY PHASE SESSION 1 NATIONAL MOVEMENT - THE EARLY PHASE (1885 TO 1919) – THE MODERATE AND EXTREMIST PHASES OF INDIAN NATIONAL MOVEMENT 1.1 Mind Map 1.2 Terminology 1. Sovereign: Take the decisions independently without interference of other countries. 2. Racial discrimination: Distinction based on race, colour etc. Ex: White people and black people. 3. Resolution: A course of action determined or decided on. 4. Moderates: people who hold moderate views. Moderates believed on pray,protest and petition. 1.3 Improve Your Learning Conceptual Understanding Q1. Why was it important to understand the economic impact of British rule in India? [Refer to TB page 128 Q4] A. To overcome the problems of British rule in India, it is important to understand the economic policies of British how they have drained our resources and wealth. i. Unless we strengthen our economy, we can’t concentrate on other developmental activities. ii. We should know the use of raw material and its value. SESSION 1. THE MODERATE AND EXTREMIST PHASES OF INDIAN NATIONAL MOVEMENT 1

CHAPTER 11A-NATIONAL MOVEMENT - THE EARLY PHASE (1885 TO 1919) iii. To improve the scientific technology. iv. To raise the standard of living of the people. v. To make our country strongest. British economic policies were framed according to their convenience. They worked for their development. If we know the British economic policies, we can change those policies for our country’s development. Q2. Correct the false statements: [Refer to TB page 128 Q1] a) In the early phase of Indian National Congress it included only people from Bombay. b) Indian Industrialist began to establish companies in different parts of India. c) People in India expected that India will become democratic after the First World War. A. a) In the early phase of Indian National Congress people from all over India were included. b) Indian industrialists began to establish swadeshi industries in different parts of India. c) People in India expected that India would get independence after the First World War and British would accept the demands for democratic rule and bring in constitutional reforms. Reflection on Contemporary Issues and Questioning Q1. After reading the chapter national movement the early phase, Mariamma thinks early phase of national movement was largely participated by educated Indians. And many of their ideas were of western origin. Will you agree with her? Give reasons. [Refer to TB page 128 Q3] A. Yes, I agree with Mariamma, because i. Until the entry of British, Indians were not very civilised. ii. After the arrival of British, they forced Indians to learn English education. iii. Raja Ram Mohan Roy said English education was compulsory. iv. People understood the ideas of liberty, equality and fraternity with English education. These ideas were implemented in our country by the British. v. Educated Indians made the people learn western ideas and the concept of a world against social evils like sati ,child marriages and widow marriages etc. Later our leaders worked a lot to change the society from these social evils and implemented western ideologies. vi. They sprouted nationalism in the minds of common people. I agree with Mariamma because of the above reasons. Q2. Write an imaginary dialogue between the extremist and moderate activists of Indian National congress in the Context of their a)Main demands , and b)Mode of mobilization [Refer to TB page 128 Q2] A. The main demands of moderates were to establish representative bodies, enhance import duty on foreign goods, reduce land revenue, reduce military expenditure, give aid to Indian industries, grant individual liberty and separate judiciary from the executive. Some demands, were made by extremists too. But their methodology was different in achieving these demands. Moderates : Let us fulfill our demands by peaceful means like pray, petition and protest. SESSION 1. THE MODERATE AND EXTREMIST PHASES OF INDIAN NATIONAL MOVEMENT 2

CHAPTER 11A-NATIONAL MOVEMENT - THE EARLY PHASE (1885 TO 1919) Extremists : You are working from the past 20 years to fulfill your demands, but where is the progress so lets not wait more . Only through violent methods we can succeed in achieving the objective. Even in mobilizing the people, moderates thought of non-violence, but extremists taught violent methods. The difference between two sections of leaders grew and was the cause for the split of congress in 1907 . Mapping Skills Q1. Locate the following in India map. [Refer to TB page 128 Q7] 1) Calcutta (Kolkata) 2) Madras (Chennai) 3) Bombay (Mumbai) 4) Lucknow A. . Calcutta Lucknow ..Bombay (Mumbai) . .Madras Chennai SESSION 1. THE MODERATE AND EXTREMIST PHASES OF INDIAN NATIONAL MOVEMENT 3

CHAPTER 11A-NATIONAL MOVEMENT - THE EARLY PHASE (1885 TO 1919) 1.4 Key Concepts i. The National Movement in India forms an important epoch in history. It consists of two stages moderates and extremists. ii. With the growth of English education during the late nineteenth century in some major cities a new consciousness began to develop. iii. In 1867, Dadabhai Naoroji organised the “ East India Association” in London to discuss about India plan for question. iv. All the provincial intellectual nationalist came together in the first session of the Indian National Congress at Bombay in December 1885. v. Moderates adopted a policy of pray, petition and protest. vi. With the start of Swadeshi movement around 1903, the Indian National Congress Movement took a major leap forward. vii. The Swadeshi movement gave tremendous impetus to Indian history, particularly the textile industry of India. viii. Sepoy mutiny was termed as the First War of Independence. ix. The period between 1885–1905 was known as the moderate period. x. The period between 1905–1919 was known as the extremist period. SESSION 1. THE MODERATE AND EXTREMIST PHASES OF INDIAN NATIONAL MOVEMENT 4

SESSION 2 NATIONAL MOVEMENT - THE EARLY PHASE (1885 TO 1919) – THE PARTITION OF BENGAL AND THE FIRST WORLD WAR 2.1 Mind Map 2.2 Terminology 1. Petitions: Request to change something, most commonly made to a government official. 2. Swadeshi: Encourage of domestic production and boycott of foreign goods as a part of its campaign for independence. 3. Boycott: It is an act of voluntarily abstaining from using or buying goods. 4. Picketing: Its is a form of protest. 5.Swaraj: Demand for full–fledged freedom. 6. Protest: The Act of objecting. 7. Extremism: One who advocates or restore to measure beyond the norm, especially in politics. SESSION 2. THE PARTITION OF BENGAL AND THE FIRST WORLD WAR 5

CHAPTER 11A-NATIONAL MOVEMENT - THE EARLY PHASE (1885 TO 1919) 2.3 Improve Your Learning Conceptual Understanding Q1. What do you understand by Swadeshi ? What were the major areas of its impact? [Refer to TB page 128 Q5] A. Swedeshi movement started around 1903. Swadeshi means to use only Indian goods. i. Rural and urban population was involved in politics for the first time. ii. Leaders succeeded in germinating nationalistic ideas among the people. iii. Leaders visited several parts of India and promoted nationalist feelings. iv. Throughout India, mass involved in the movement. v. People understood the injustice done by British. vi. Educated Indians taught the ideas of liberty, equality and fraternity. vii. Social evils like Sati, child marriages etc. were abolished by society. viii. English education brought awareness among the people of the backwardness of Indian society. ix. Swadeshi movement gave tremendous impetus to Indian Industries. Q2. How did different parts of the country and people respond to division of Bengal? [Refer to TB page 128 Q6] A. On 16th October 1905, when partition of Bengal was declared, people of Bengal observed it as a day of mourning. i. Shops and market places were closed. ii. People bathed in Ganges and walked on the streets singing Vandemataram with bare foot. iii. People tied Rakhis on each other’s hand as a symbol of unity. iv. Throughout Bengal, no cooking was done. v. There were massive protests, petitions and campaigns against the partition of Bengal. vi. Ordinary people enraged by this act and took to streets to protest against it. vii. New units were established . viii. This movement created tremendous demand for indigenous goods. Several protest were made to boycott British cloth and salt. Reflection on Contemporary Issues and Questioning Q1. A few leaders like Gandhiji, Tilak, Subhash Chandra Bose, Bhagat Singh sacrified their lives for the sake of our nation. What would have happened, if they did not do so? [Refer to TB page 128 Q9] A. We would not have got independence if our leaders did not sacrifice their lives. We would’ve still remained under the clutches of British. SESSION 2. THE PARTITION OF BENGAL AND THE FIRST WORLD WAR 6

CHAPTER 11A-NATIONAL MOVEMENT - THE EARLY PHASE (1885 TO 1919) i. Our country might not have been considered as a nation. ii. British always, followed the policy of divide and rule. So we may not have got the unity among various religions which exists in our country. iii. Indian wealth would have been ruined by British. iv. Leaders inspired the people to come out from the grievances of British administration. Due to this people followed the leader’s footsteps and finally achieved independence. Mapping Skills Q1. Locate the following in the World map. [Refer to TB page 128 Q8] 1) Britain 2) France 3) Russia 4) Germany A. 2.4 Key Concepts 7 i. Bal Gangadhar Tilak gave the famous slogan, “Swaraj is my birthright and I shall have it”. ii. There was a split in the Congress in 1907 in Surat Session. iii. Tilak joined his hands with Annie Besant to launch a movement for ‘Home Rule’. iv. The two factors of the Congress united again in 1916 through Lucknow pact. v. Mahatma Gandhi came back from South Africa and joined the Indian freedom movement. vi. The period from 1905–1919 was led by extremists with violent methods. vii. This phase was formed due to the declaration of partition of Bengal by Lord Curzon. viii. The Vandemataram movement was started against the partition of Bengal. SESSION 2. THE PARTITION OF BENGAL AND THE FIRST WORLD WAR

CHAPTER 11A-NATIONAL MOVEMENT - THE EARLY PHASE (1885 TO 1919) —— CCE Based Practice Questions —— AS1-Conceptual Understanding Very Short Answer Type Questions 1. Answer the following questions in one sentence. (i) What do you understand by the word ‘sovereign’? (ii) What is racial discrimination? (iii) What is a petition? Short Answer Type Questions 2. Answer the following questions in 3-4 sentences. (i) How did the partition of Bengal affect the national movement? Long Answer Type Questions 3. Answer the following questions in 6-8 sentences. (i) Differentiate between moderates and extremists in Congress during the freedom movement. AS2-Reading the Text, Understanding and Interpretation Long Answer Type Questions 4. Answer the following questions in 6-8 sentences. (i) Read the text and answer following questions: In the next Congress session (1905), the extremist Nationalists led by Tilak, Bipin Chandra Pal and Lala Lajapat Rai were in favour of extending the movement to the rest of India and to demand for full–fledged freedom or ‘Swaraj’. Bal Gangadhar Tilak gave the famous slogan, “Swaraj is my birthright and I shall have it.” They wanted to move away from the earlier strategy of submitting petitions to government to mobilising the masses against the British rule and forcing the British to give up and go. They called the earlier strategy as ‘mendicancy’ (or begging for alms). What was the difference between approach of moderates and extremists? What was the consequence of this difference on INC? CHAPTER 11A. NATIONAL MOVEMENT - THE EARLY PHASE (1885 TO 1919) 8

CHAPTER 11A-NATIONAL MOVEMENT - THE EARLY PHASE (1885 TO 1919) AS3-Information Skills Long Answer Type Questions 5. Answer the following questions in 6-8 sentences. (i) Observe the following table and answer the questions given below Sl.No. Person/year Event 1 Lord Curzon Partition of Bengal Swaraj is my birth right 2 Bala Gangadhar Tilak Vandemataram movement started 1914–1918 3 1905 Krishna Patrika was started in Machilipatnam. 4 First World War 5 Mutnuri Krishna Rao i) Which Governor General was responsible for the partition of Bengal? 9 ii) What was the famous slogan of BalaGangadharTilak? iii) When was Vandemataram started? iv) What is the importance of the years 1914–1918? v) Who started Krishna Patrika? AS4-Reflection on Contemporary Issues and Questioning Long Answer Type Questions 6. Answer the following questions in 6-8 sentences. (i) According to you what were the economic implications of British rule in India? AS5-Mapping Skills Long Answer Type Questions 7. Answer the following questions in 6-8 sentences. (i) Locate the following places on an outline map of India. CHAPTER 11A. NATIONAL MOVEMENT - THE EARLY PHASE (1885 TO 1919)

CHAPTER 11A-NATIONAL MOVEMENT - THE EARLY PHASE (1885 TO 1919) a. Bangalore b. Bihar c. Kolkata f. West Bengal d. Chennai e. Mumbai CHAPTER 11A. NATIONAL MOVEMENT - THE EARLY PHASE (1885 TO 1919) 10

CHAPTER 11A-NATIONAL MOVEMENT - THE EARLY PHASE (1885 TO 1919) AS6-Appreciation and Sensitivity Long Answer Type Questions 8. Answer the following questions in 6-8 sentences. (i) Saiprasanna thinks the early phase of national movement was largely participated by educated Indians and many of their ideas were of western origin. Do you agree with her? Give reasons. Objective Questions AS1-Conceptual Understanding 9. Choose the correct answer. (i) The seeds of new consciousness began in the second half of __________ century. (A) 18th century (B) 19th century (C) 17th century (D) None of these (ii) In __________, Dadabhai Naoroji organized the ‘East India Association’. (A) 1866 (B) 1765 (C) 1876 (D) 1786 (iii) The first session of the Indian National Congress was held at ___________ . (A) Bombay (B) Madras (C) Delhi (D) Calcutta (iv) The first session of INC was attended by ______ delegates from different parts of the country (A) 72 (B) 77 (C) 79 (D) 76 (v) demanded a greater voice for Indian government and in administration. (A) Extremists (B) Moderates (C) Gandhi (D) Hindus CHAPTER 11A. NATIONAL MOVEMENT - THE EARLY PHASE (1885 TO 1919) 11

CHAPTER 11A-NATIONAL MOVEMENT - THE EARLY PHASE (1885 TO 1919) (vi) was responsible for the partition of Bengal. (A) Lord Ripon (B) Lord Lytton (C) Lord Curzon (D) Lord Mountbatten (vii) Extremists phase was from to . (B) 1900; 1904 (A) 1885;1900 (C) 1765; 88 (D) 1905; 1920 (viii) The First World War broke out in__________. (B) 1914 (A) 1789 (C) 1978 (D) 1949 (ix) Bengal Chemical Works was owned by . (A) C Roy (B) P C Ray (C) W C Banerjee (D) N NDutt (x) Partition of Bengal came into effect on . [] (A) 16th September 1905 (B) 18th November 1905 (C) 19th December 1904 (D) 16th October 1905 (xi) Sundernath Banerjee, K C Telang, Gopal Krishna Gokhale, Dadabhai Naoroji etc. were leaders. (A) Extremist (B) Moderate (C) Swarajist (D) Radical (xii) Annie Besant, Lala Lajpath Rai, BalGangadhar Tilaketc. were leaders. (A) Extremist (B) Moderate (C) Swarajist (D) Radical CHAPTER 11A. NATIONAL MOVEMENT - THE EARLY PHASE (1885 TO 1919) 12

CHAPTER 11A-NATIONAL MOVEMENT - THE EARLY PHASE (1885 TO 1919) (xiii) a retired British official took active part in the formation of INC. (A) Curzon (B) Cornwallis (C) Macaulay (D) A.O Hume (xiv) was the first woman graduate from Calcutta. (A) Sarojini Naidu (B) Kadambini Ganguly (C) Vijaylakshmi Pandit (D) Rani Gadinliu (xv) Pray, petition and protest was the major policy of . (A) Extremist (B) Moderate (C) Swarajist (D) Radical (xvi) Krishna Patrika was founded in . (A) 1902 (B) 1901 (C) 1903 (D) 1904 (xvii) Home Rule Movement was led by Annie Besant and . (A) Bal Gangadhar Tilak (B) Lala Lajpat Rai (C) Jawahar Lal Nehru (D) Gopal Kriahna Gokhale (xviii) Two groups of Congress united in Lucknow in the year . (A) 1905 (B) 1906 (C) 1916 (D) 1917 (xix) was the song written against partition of Bengal. (A) Vande Matram (B) Gan Jan Man (C) Amar Sonar Bengal (D) Ekla Cholo Re (xx) Extremists called the strategy of moderates as . (A) Introverts (B) Mediocre (C) Mendicancy (D) Procrastinator CHAPTER 11A. NATIONAL MOVEMENT - THE EARLY PHASE (1885 TO 1919) 13

11B. NATIONAL MOVEMENT - THE LAST PHASE SESSION 1 NATIONAL MOVEMENT - THE LAST PHASE (1919 TO 1947) – INDIAN NATIONAL MOVEMENT UNDER MAHATMA GANDHI 1.1 Mind Map SESSION 1. INDIAN NATIONAL MOVEMENT UNDER MAHATMA GANDHI 14

CHAPTER 11B-NATIONAL MOVEMENT - THE LAST PHASE (1919 TO 1947) 1.2 Terminology 1. Nationalism: It is a political ideology that involves a strong identification of a group of individuals. 2. Secular: A state which doesn’t have state religion. 3. Terrorist: Systematic use of violence to create a general climate of fear in population is called terrorism. The person who follows this is a terrorist. 1.3 Improve Your Learning Conceptual Understanding Q1. Create a table to show the various efforts of Gandhiji in national movement. [Refer to TB page 138 Q1] A. S.No Event Gandhiji’s Role 1. Local movement in Champaran and Gandhiji made systematic enquiry, and Kheda against unfair terms and produced evidence to the government. excessive taxes. Government reduced taxes. 2. In 1918 Ahmedabad mill workers strike. Gandhiji offered Satyagraha and made the mill owners to yield and got 35% rise in the wages. 3. Constructive Programme He evolved constructive programme – spinning, weaving Khadi, boycott of foreign goods. 4. Non co–operation movement He adopted non violence, non co–operation to protest against the British government. 5. Civil disobedience movement Gandhiji made salt against salt laws and aroused nationalism among Indians. 6. Poona Pact Gandhiji and Ambedkar differed over the issue of creating separate electorate based on caste. Gandhiji launched a fast unto death and later a compromise was arrived through Poona pact. 7. Quit India Movement Congress launched Quit India movement in 1942, Gandhiji gave a slogan “ Do or Die” and asked the people of India to fight against British by making great sacrifices. SESSION 1. INDIAN NATIONAL MOVEMENT UNDER MAHATMA GANDHI 15

CHAPTER 11B-NATIONAL MOVEMENT - THE LAST PHASE (1919 TO 1947) Q2. The National movement fought all attempts of the British government to deny democratic freedom and rights of the people. Give examples of the rights which the government tried to curtail and the movement launched against it. [Refer to TB page 139 Q2] A. British government did not provide any rights to Indians, instead they tried to deny the fundamental rights. Ex: 1) In 1919 soon after World War - I, Indians expected British would sanction some rights in the admin- istration sector to Indians. But in 1919 British passed an act known as Rowlatt Act. This act curbed fundamental rights such as the freedom of expression and strengthened police powers. According to this Act, any person could be arrested by the police and kept in Jail without trial. 2) In 1929 British passed an act known as Salt Act. According to this Act, people do not have right to prepare salt near sea coasts. They were supposed to pay tax to the government. This also curbed the fundamental rights of Indians. These acts which were passed by British inspired Indians to fight against British administration and to protect their fundamental rights. 3) In 1920 the British imposed a harsh treaty on the Turkish Sultan or Khalifa. The nationalist leaders and Muslim League opposed this as ‘Punjab wrongs’ and ‘Khilafat wrong’ and demanded swaraj. They announced Non–Cooperation movement. 4) The British government, decided to convert Chirala–Perala into a municipality. They imposed high taxes. The people refused, under the leadership of Duggirala Gopalakrishnayya, to pay the taxes. They migrated to a new settlement called Ramnagar and remained there for eleven months. SESSION 1. INDIAN NATIONAL MOVEMENT UNDER MAHATMA GANDHI 16

CHAPTER 11B-NATIONAL MOVEMENT - THE LAST PHASE (1919 TO 1947) Q3. Prepare a timeline chart on freedom struggle from 1885 to 1947. [Refer to TB page 139 Q10] A. FLOW CHART SESSION 1. INDIAN NATIONAL MOVEMENT UNDER MAHATMA GANDHI 17

CHAPTER 11B-NATIONAL MOVEMENT - THE LAST PHASE (1919 TO 1947) Q4. Which of the following was a part of national movement. [Refer to TB page 139 Q4] a) Picketing shops that sell foreign goods. b) Hand spinning thread to weave clothes. c) Burning imported clothes. d) Wearing Khaddar. e) All the above. A. All the above Reading the Text, Understanding and Interpretation Q1. Read the first paragraph under the heading “The happenings of 1922 –1929 and answer this”, ‘Gandhiji called off the movement after the violence. How do you support it ?“. [Refer to TB page 139 Q7] A. Gandhiji followed peace and nonviolence to achieve independence. i. During the time of non co–operation movement, he advised the people to follow a non violent method. ii. But in 1922 a crowd of peasants set fire to a police station in Chauri Chaura and caused the death of 22 policemen. As Gandhiji believed in Non–Violence, He called off the movement after the Chauri Chaura incident. 1.4 Key Concepts i. Gandhi arrived in India in 1915 from South Africa. He was already a respected leader known internation- ally. ii. His earliest interventions were in the local movements in Champaran and Kheda, also Ahmedabad Mill Strike. iii. He did not associate himself any congress faction. He built his own political programme and space in nationalist politics. iv. Muslim League was formed in 1906 and Hindu Mahasabha in 1915. v. During Rowlatt Satyagraha, the participants tried to ensure that Hindus and Muslims were united in the fight against the British rule. vi. The Non–Cooperation Movement gained momentum through 1921–22. vii. Guntur District was at the centre of nationalist activity and the participation was widespread. SESSION 1. INDIAN NATIONAL MOVEMENT UNDER MAHATMA GANDHI 18

SESSION 2 NATIONAL MOVEMENT - THE LAST PHASE (1919 TO 1947) – INDIAN NATIONAL MOVEMENT UNDER MAHATMA GANDHI 2.1 Mind Map SESSION 2. INDIAN NATIONAL MOVEMENT UNDER MAHATMA GANDHI 19

CHAPTER 11B-NATIONAL MOVEMENT - THE LAST PHASE (1919 TO 1947) 2.2 Terminology 1. Extremism: The holding of extreme political or religious views; fanaticism. 2. Non Co–operation: Not to co–operate British in administration. 3. Civil disobedience: Refusal to obey certain laws. 4. Sub–continent: A land mass which has all the characteristics of a continent like different physical features, climate, vegetation etc. is called sub continent. Ex: India. 2.3 Improve Your Learning Conceptual Understanding Q1. What were the different events that led to the partition of Bengal? [Refer to TB page 139 Q5] A. i. In 1906 Muslim League was formed. ii. Muslim League supported partition of Bengal. iii. The British policy of divide and rule inspired Muslims to think about partition. iv. Muslims were in minorities, they feared that they would always have to play fiddle in any democratic structure. v. Declaration of communal awards by Mac Donald’s also made Muslims to think about a separate state. vi. During 1937 provincial elections, Muslims secured minor seats, so they feared that Muslims may even go unrepresented. vii. Congress rejected the desire to form a joint congress league government in the United Provinces. viii. Cripps suggestion for unity could not get the Congress and Muslim League to agree to the proposal. ix. Due to all these events, Muslims in India decided to have a separate state for Muslims i.e. Pakistan. To achieve it, Muslim League announced 16th August 1946 as “Direct Action Day”. Several riots broke out in Calcutta, resulting in the death of thousands of people. Finally Lord Mountbatten declared the partition, and agreed to split India into Pakistan and India, and sanctioned separate independence to India and Pakistan. Q2. As a part of Non–Co–operation movement, what incident took place in our state? [Refer to TB page 139 Q8] A. Guntur district was the centre of nationalist activities i. When government decided to convert Chirala Perala into a municipality and forced high taxes. Under ‘the leadership of Duggirala Gopala Krishnayya’ the people refused to pay taxes and people migrated to a new settlement called Ramnagar near the sea coast for eleven months. ii. In Palnadu taluka of Guntur district, peasants sent herds of cattle into the forests without paying grazing fee to the forest department. iii. In Palnadu in Guntur district and Rayachoti taluka of Kadapa district the forest administration had to virtually close down during the agitation period. iv. In many villages of Palnadu, people declared Gandhi Raj and attacked police parties. SESSION 2. INDIAN NATIONAL MOVEMENT UNDER MAHATMA GANDHI 20

CHAPTER 11B-NATIONAL MOVEMENT - THE LAST PHASE (1919 TO 1947) Q3. To what extent was the salt Satyagraha successful in its objectives? Give your assessment. [Refer to TB page 139 Q3] A. A wave of enthusiasm swept the country during the Salt Satyagraha. Salt laws were broken at many places and even women took part in the Civil Disobedience Movement. In Delhi alone, 1600 women were imprisoned. This movement was not confined to the Salt Satyagraha alone. Foreign–cloth shops and liquor shop were picketed and were burned. Hand spinning was taken up as a movement. British schools, colleges and services were boycotted. The people joined in large number in this movement. The combined struggles of the Indian people bore fruit when the government of India Act of 1935 prescribed provincial autonomy and the government announced elections to the provincial legislatures in 1937. Thus it was successful in its objectives. Q4. Write a brief note on Quit India movement. [Refer to TB page 139 Q9] A. When British asked Indians to help in World War –II, Indians demanded for self rule. But British did not accept it. They send Cripps to settle the problem. But it failed. i. After the failure of Cripps mission, congress passed a resolution on 8th August 1942 at Bombay. ii. It said that British rule in India must end immediately. iii. Congress adopted a mass struggle on Non–violent basis. iv. Gandhiji gave a slogan “do or die”. v. There were hartals and processions everywhere in the country. vi. People resorted to violence and damaged government properties like railways, post and telegraph etc. vii. Government took all repressive methods to suppress the movement and finally succeeded in its at- tempt. Mapping Skills Q1. Look at the India map and fill colors in Pakistan and Bangladesh which are our adjacent countries. [Refer to TB page 139 Q6] SESSION 2. INDIAN NATIONAL MOVEMENT UNDER MAHATMA GANDHI 21

CHAPTER 11B-NATIONAL MOVEMENT - THE LAST PHASE (1919 TO 1947) A. 2.4 Key Concepts i. Sometimes people thought of Gandhiji as someone who could help them overcome their misery and poverty. ii. On March 12th , 1930 Gandhiji led his March to dandi village to break the government salt laws. A wave of enthusiasm swept the country. iii. The combined struggles of the Indian people bore fruit when the Government of India Act of 1935 pre- scribed provincial autonomy. iv. Subash Chandra Bose organized the Indian National army (INA) with the cooperation of Rash Bihari Bose in Burma and Andamans. v. The period after 1940 was characterized by intensive activities of radical organizations. vi. Louis Mountbatten, who was appointed Viceroy in early 1947 was not able to resolve the differences between the Muslim League and the Congress party. vii. Independence is our strength. Partition is our failure. SESSION 2. INDIAN NATIONAL MOVEMENT UNDER MAHATMA GANDHI 22

CHAPTER 11B-NATIONAL MOVEMENT - THE LAST PHASE (1919 TO 1947) —— CCE Based Practice Questions —— AS1-Conceptual Understanding Very Short Answer Type Questions 1. Answer the following questions in one sentence. (i) Who organized INA? (ii) Who led the Nazi party in World–War II? (iii) Quit India resolution was made in which session of Congress? (iv) Where did the people set up a parallel government in 1942? (v) Where did Gandhiji break the Salt Law? (vi) When did the INA enter India? (vii) How many women in Delhin were imprisoned during Salt Satyagraha? (viii) When was the Indian flag hoisted? Where? (ix) When and where was Azad Hind set up? (x) How was S.C. Bose believed to die? Short Answer Type Questions 2. Answer the following questions in 3-4 sentences. (i) Why did Gandhiji give a call for Satyagraha against the Rowlatt Act? (ii) What was the highlight of the Chirala Perala movement? (iii) Write a short note on the Indian National Army. (iv) What do you know about the JallianwalaBagh tragedy? (v) What were the main objectives of the Congress in the Nagpur session in 1920? Long Answer Type Questions 3. Answer the following questions in 6-8 sentences. (i) Read the text and answer the following question: The Happenings of 1922 – 1929: CHAPTER 11B. NATIONAL MOVEMENT - THE LAST PHASE (1919 TO 1947) 23

CHAPTER 11B-NATIONAL MOVEMENT - THE LAST PHASE (1919 TO 1947) Mahatma Gandhi, as you know was against violent movements. He abruptly called off the Non–Cooperation Movement, when in February 1922 a crowd of peasants set fire to a police station in Chauri–Chaura. Twenty two policemen were killed on that day. The peasants were provoked because the police had fired on their peaceful demonstration. Gandhiji called off the movement after the violence. How do you support it? AS5-Mapping Skills Long Answer Type Questions 4. Answer the following questions in 6-8 sentences. (i) 1) Locate the following on the given world map. a. England b. London c. U.S.A d. France 2) Locate the following on the given world map. 24 a. Germany b. U.S.S.R c. Japan d. Burma e.Pakistan CHAPTER 11B. NATIONAL MOVEMENT - THE LAST PHASE (1919 TO 1947)

CHAPTER 11B-NATIONAL MOVEMENT - THE LAST PHASE (1919 TO 1947) AS6-Appreciation and Sensitivity Long Answer Type Questions 5. Answer the following questions in 6-8 sentences. (i) Which qualities of Mahatma Gandhi’s personality do you like? Why? Objective Questions AS1-Conceptual Understanding 6. Choose the correct answer. (i) Which of the following was a part of National Movement? (A) Hand–spinning thread to weave clothes (B) Burning imported clothes (C) Wearing Khaddar (D) All the above (ii) In , Gandhiji organized mill workers' strike. (A) Allahabad (B) Ahmadabad (C) Lucknow (D) Delhi (iii) Gandhiji asked the Indian people to observe as the day of ‘humiliation and prayer’ and hartal. (A) 6th April 1929 (B) 6th April 1921 (D) 16th April 1919 (C) 6th April 1919 CHAPTER 11B. NATIONAL MOVEMENT - THE LAST PHASE (1919 TO 1947) 25

CHAPTER 11B-NATIONAL MOVEMENT - THE LAST PHASE (1919 TO 1947) (iv) Jalianwala Bagh is in . (A) Calcutta (B) Bombay (C) Madras (D) Amritsar (v) About 15,000 people led by Duggirala Gopala-krishnayya, refused to pay the taxes and migrated to a new settlement called (B) Seetha Ram Nagar (A) Ramnagar (C) Gandhi colony (D) Nehru colony (vi) Forest Satyagrahas were held at . (A) Palnati Taluq (B) RayachotiTaluq (C) ChiralaTaluq (D) Both (A) and (B) (vii) The peasants of Pratapgarh in managed to stop illegal eviction of tenants. (A) Central Province (B) United Province (C) Eastern Province (D) Western Province (viii) Civil Disobedience Movement was launched in . (A) 1931 (B) 1930 (C) 1940 (D) 1949 (ix) The Indian National Congress met at Lahore in 1929 under the leadership of . (A) Gandhi (B) Nehru (C) W C Banerjee (D) N N Dutt (x) On March 12th, 1930 Mahatma Gandhi decided to break the government salt laws (making salt very expensive for the common people) by manufacturing salt at ______. (A) Chittoor (B) Bombay (C) Dandi (D) Ahmedabad CHAPTER 11B. NATIONAL MOVEMENT - THE LAST PHASE (1919 TO 1947) 26

12. INDIAN ELECTION SYSTEM SESSION 1 INDIAN ELECTION SYSTEM 1.1 Mind Map Election System in India Voting Right to vote given to adult citizens Election Commission of India Political State Election Commission Parties Election of Municipal Bodies Election of President, Vice President, Parliament and Election Process State Legislatures Election schedule Nominations Nominations Nominations notification received scrutinised withdrawn released Polling officials Emblems allotted Final list Polling assigned and EVMs prepared prepared conducted Results Government formed Votes counted announced SESSION 1. INDIAN ELECTION SYSTEM 27

CHAPTER 12-INDIAN ELECTION SYSTEM 1.2 Terminology 1. Electorate: citizens who have the right to vote 2. Political party: a group of people who have a common political ideology and interests and who aim to acquire political power 3. By elections: elections conducted when an elected office falls vacant due to the death, expiry of term, impeachment, etc. of the elected representative 4. Election code: the set of rules that political parties, candidates and people in general are obliged to follow since the release of the election schedule to ensure a free and fair election 5. NOTA: ‘None of the above’ option on EVMs 1.3 Improve Your Learning Q1. Explain the necessity of Representative Democracy. (Refer to TB Q1 page 148) A. India is the largest democracy in the world. In a democracy, the ultimate power is vested in the people. India is a vast country with a huge population. Hence, in India, it is difficult for citizens to directly participate in the process of governance. The citizens, therefore, elect representatives who can take decisions regarding the governance and welfare of the people. All modern democracies are representative democracies where citizens use their right to vote to elect representatives. Q2. Explain the functions of Election Commission. (Refer to TB Q3 page 148) A. The functions of the Election Commission are 1. Delimitation of constituencies 2. Preparation of Electoral Rolls 3. Revision of the electoral roll before every general elections 4. Seeing to the arrangements for conducting elections 5. Recognition of political parties and allocation of symbols to them 6. Notification of election schedule 7. Appointment of election machinery 8. Appointment of enquiry officers Q3. Explain the process of election. (Refer to TB Q5 page 148) A. The election process can be explained through the flow chart given below. SESSION 1. INDIAN ELECTION SYSTEM 28

CHAPTER 12- INDIAN ELECTION SYSTEM Election schedule Nominations Nominations Nominations notification received scrutinised withdrawn released Polling officials Emblems allotted Final list Polling assigned and EVMs prepared prepared conducted Votes counted Results Government formed announced Q4. Did you notice any demerits in the existing election system? Suggest some measures to overcome them. (Refer to TB Q6 page 148) A. The existing election system has some shortcomings. 1. The voters are often misguided and influenced. 2. The political parties do not give fair chance to candidates for contesting elections. 3. The party manifestos are not clearly defined. The above mentioned shortcomings can be rectified by making the public aware of issues that face the electoral system. The people should be encouraged to come out and vote in large numbers. The Election Commission has the responsibility of ensuring free and fair elections and implanting stringent measures for the same. Reading the Text, Understanding and Interpretation Q1. ‘Election system is the foundation to democracy’. Do you agree with this comment? Explain. (Refer to TB Q2 page 148) A. In India, elections are conducted to enable people to elect their representatives. The Indian constitution has provided for the establishment of an election system. The Election system is the foundation of democracy. Through this system, also called the Election Commission, the procedure for conducting elections is carried out. The system conducts elections in the country at regular intervals. The election system is also essential since it conducts elections in a fair, free and impartial manner. Information Skills Q1. Collect the information of elections held recently. Analyse the details of parties, candidates, symbols, and votes polled. Write your observations. (Refer to TB Q8 page 148) A. Student's response. SESSION 1. INDIAN ELECTION SYSTEM 29

CHAPTER 12- INDIAN ELECTION SYSTEM Reflection on Contemporary Issues and Questioning Q1. Is it difficult to remove the Chief Election Commissioner? Analyse the reasons. (Refer to TB Q10 page 148) A. The President of India appoints the Chief Election Commissioner. She/he enjoys independent, supreme authority. She/he is responsible for conducting free and fair elections. She/he can only be removed from the post by the two houses of Parliament. The consent of 2/3 of the members of the two houses of Parliament is required for her/his removal. Therefore, the removal of the Chief Election Commissioner is difficult. Mapping Skills Q1. Draw the picture of a polling station. Write the functions of a Presiding Officer in a polling station. (Refer to TB Q9 page 148) A. Polling station reference: The Presiding Officer: 30 1. Identifies the voter and applies indelible ink on his/her index finger 2. Issues the ballot paper which has the list of contesting candidates Appreciation and Sensitivity Q1. Prepare a brochure showing the importance of Right to Vote. (Refer to TB Q4 page 148) A. The students can creatively design the brochure using the information given in the chapter. The students can highlight the following points. The Right to Vote is important because: • Equal right to all citizens • Right to elect representatives Look at the following example of a brochure for reference. SESSION 1. INDIAN ELECTION SYSTEM

CHAPTER 12- INDIAN ELECTION SYSTEM Q2. What programmes will you undertake to create awareness among the people in order to prevent the misuse of right to vote? (Refer to TB Q7 page 148) A. Student's response The prevention of misuse of right to vote can be done in the following ways. • ‘One person, one vote’ can be emphasised. • Banners and hoardings with information about voting can be put up. • Jingles and songs can be made to reach out to people in rural areas. 1.4 Key Concepts i. India is the largest democracy in the world. ii. The Universal Right to Vote has been given to all the citizens of the country who have attained the age of 18 years. iii.The Election Commission of India facilitates the process of election of representatives by the people of India. It is a three-member commission headed by the Chief Election Commissioner. iv. Elections in India are of two types - direct and indirect. v. A political party is a group of people who have a common political ideology and interests and who aim to acquire political power. vi. Elections these days are conducted through EVMs. vii. NOTA can now be used if a voter does not give vote to any of the candidates. SESSION 1. INDIAN ELECTION SYSTEM 31

CHAPTER 12- INDIAN ELECTION SYSTEM —— CCE Based Practice Questions —— AS1-Conceptual Understanding Column B V1e. ryMSathchotrhteAfonllsowwiengr.Type Questions 1. Match the following. Column A (i) National Voters’ Day (a) Three-member body (ii) Election Commission (b) 25 January (iii) Electronic Voting Machine (c) 1989-90 (iv) Presiding Officer (d) 1951-52 (v) First general elections in India (e) Polling Station 2. Fill in the blanks (i) The group of citizens who have the right to vote are collectively known as ____________________. (ii) _______________________ are the elections conducted when an elected office falls vacant due to the death, expiry of term, impeachment, etc. of the elected representative. (iii) The Lok Sabha has ______________________ members. (iv) The members of the Rajya Sabha hold office for _______________________ years. (v) Article ___________________ of the Constitution explains the structure of the Election commission. (vi) Elections are generally held __________ in every five years. (vii) The candidates who wish to contest the elections file their nomination to the __________________. (viii) The __________________________ appoints the Presiding Officer. (ix) After the polling, the EVMs are transported to __________________. (x) The manufacturing units of indelible ink are located in _______ and _______________________. 3. Answer the following in one sentence. (i) What is meant by representative democracy? (ii) Who receives Voter Identity Card? (iii) Who are elected through indirect elections? (iv) Who appoints the State Election Commissioner? (v) What is the full form of EVM? (vi) Where is the indelible ink applied? (vii) What is the full form of NOTA? (viii) What do polling agents do? (ix) Define manifesto. CHAPTER 12. INDIAN ELECTION SYSTEM 32

CHAPTER 12- INDIAN ELECTION SYSTEM (x) What are political parties defined as? Short Answer Type Questions 4. Answer the following in 3 to 4 sentences. (i) Write a short note on the Election Commission of India. (ii) List out four responsibilities of the Election Commission of India. (iii) What were the steps taken by T N Sheshan, former Chief Election Commissioner of India? (iv) Enlist four rules given in the Election Code. (v) What are the functions of the Returning Officer? Long Answer Type Questions 5. Answer the following in 6 to 8 sentences. (i) Distinguish between national party and regional party. (ii) Explain the process of elections with the help of a flowchart diagram. AS-4 Reflection on Contemporary Issues and Questioning Long Answer Type Questions 6. Answer the following in 6 to 8 sentences. (i) The use of EVMs has been criticised vehemently in the past few months. Can you think of the reason why? Which in your opinion is better - EVMs or ballot paper? AS-6 Appreciation and Sensitivity Long Answer Type Questions 7. Answer the following in 6 to 8 sentences. (i) How has universal right to vote affected the lives of common people? Objective Questions AS-1 Conceptual Understanding 8. Choose the correct answer. (i) The citizens who complete the age of ____ years have been given the right to vote. (A) 16 (B) 17 (C) 18 (D) 19 (ii) National Voters Day is celebrated on (A) 26 January (B) 25 January (C) 15 April (D) 16 December CHAPTER 12. INDIAN ELECTION SYSTEM 33

CHAPTER 12- INDIAN ELECTION SYSTEM (iii) How many members does the Rajya Sabha have? (A) 543 (B) 250 (C) 365 (D) None of the above (iv) The members of the Rajya Sabha hold office for ___ years. (A) 8 (B) 5 (C) 7 (D) 6 (v) The AP State Election Commission was formed on (A) 13. 01.2016 (B) 31.01.2016 (C) 25.01.2016 (D) 26.01.2018 (vi) India supplies indelible ink to (B) Bangladesh (A) USA (D) None of the above (C) South Africa (vii) Before 1988, ___ was the age for eligibility to vote. (A) 16 (B) 17 (C) 18 (D) 21 (viii) The group of citizens who have the right to vote is collectively called (A) Electorate (B) Constituency (C) Candidates (D) None of the above (ix) How many members of Rajya Sabha can be elected through indirect elections? (A) 543 (B) 250 (C) 238 (D) None of the above CHAPTER 12. INDIAN ELECTION SYSTEM 34

CHAPTER 12- INDIAN ELECTION SYSTEM (x) The article which makes the provision for elections to Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha through Universal Adult Franchise is (A) 14(A) (B) 326 (C) 324(2) (D) 380 (xi) T N Seshan was the ____ Election Commissioner of India. (A) 11th (B) 12th (C) 10th (D) 9th (xii) What happens after polling is conducted? (B) Counting (A) Preparation of EVM (D) None of the above (C) Nomination of candidates CHAPTER 12. INDIAN ELECTION SYSTEM 35

13. THE INDIAN CONSTITUTION SESSION 1 THE INDIAN CONSTITUTION – THE MAKING OF THE INDIAN CONSTITUTION 1.1 Mind Map 1.2 Terminology 1. Monarchy: A form of Government with a monarch at the head. 2. Representative: A person chosen or appointed to act or speak for another or others, particularly in political manner, who elected by the citizens to participate in government by the citizens is called representative. SESSION 1. THE MAKING OF THE INDIAN CONSTITUTION 36

CHAPTER 13-THE INDIAN CONSTITUTION 3. Discrimination: The unjust or prejudicial treatment of different categories of people or things, especially on the grounds or race, age, religion, caste or sex. 4. Autonomous: Acting independently or having the freedom to take any decision and to do anything. 5. Constitution: Constitution is a set of rules about how the country should be governed, how the laws that run it would be made or changed, how the government should be formed, what would be the role of the citizens and what would be their rights etc. 1.3 Improve Your Learning Conceptual Understanding Q1. Which of the following statement is correct? [Refer to TB page 159 Q2] i. Constitution determines the relationship between the people and government. ii. Democratic countries generally contain a Constitution. iii. To make a Constitution to a diverse country like India is not an easy task. iv. All are correct. A. iv. All are correct. Q2. ‘Damanpur’ is ruled by its king based on a set of rules laid down by the priest and ministers. He also has divided his kingdom into 16 provinces to which he appoints his officers as governors. Can we say this is democratic country? Is it a constitutional country? Give reasons for your answer. [Refer to TB page 159 Q1] A. The king’s rule in ‘Damanpur’ is not a democratic country. And also it is not a constitutional country. It is just a monarchy. Because the king is not elected by the people of Damanpur. He came to the throne, after his father’s death on hereditary basis. But in democratic country rulers should be elected by the people. This is not done in Damanpur. There is no constitution which has been incorporated in Damanpur. Hence, we can say it is not a constitu- tional country. Da` manpur is just ruled by the King based on a set of rules written by the priest and ministers. The set of rules are not considered as a constitution as the priest and the ministers aren’t elected by the people. Q3. ”All are equal before law”–Explain this with examples. [Refer to TB page 159 Q7] A. Our constitution seeks to ensure that all people will enjoy the same status –that is everyone will be governed by same laws. It is well defined under Article 14 of the constitution. It says no state will distinguish any of Indian citizens on basis of their gender, caste, Creed, religion or even the place of birth. For example each and every Indian citizen has right to use public property. Any Indian citizen has right to cast their vote. Any person can avail facilities provided by government. Q4. Match the following. [Refer to TB page 159 Q3] 1. Motilal Nehru ( ) a) President of the Constituent Assembly 2. B.R. Ambedkar ( ) b) Member of the Constituent Assembly 3. Rajendra Prasad ( ) c) Chairman of the Drafting Committee 4.˙Sarojini Naidu ( ) d) Prepared a constitution for India in 1928 SESSION 1. THE MAKING OF THE INDIAN CONSTITUTION 37

CHAPTER 13-THE INDIAN CONSTITUTION A. 1. Motilal Nehru (d) a) President of the Constituent Assembly 2. B.R. Ambedkar (c) b) Member of the Constituent Assembly 3. Rajendra Prasad (a) c) Chairman of the Drafting Committee 4. Sarojini Naidu (b) d) Prepared a constitution for India in 1928 Reading the Text, Understanding and Interpretation Q1. Read again the extracts from Nehru’s speech and answer the following questions. [Refer to TB page 159 Q4] a) What pledge did he want the makers of the Indian Constitution to take? b) “The ambition of the greatest man of our generation has been to wipe every tear from every eye.” Who was he referring to? A. Service to India means service to the millions who suffer. It means the ending of poverty, ignorance, disease and inequality of opportunity. The ambition of the greatest man of our generation has been to wipe every tear from every eye. That may be beyond us, but as long as there are tears and suffering, our work will not be over. a) The pledge of serving India means giving service to the millions of sufferers, that is what wanted by the Nehru and the makers of the Indian Constitution. b) Mahatma Gandhi, Father of our nation was referred. Appreciation and Sensitivity Q1. On what occasions equal justice is seen? Mention with examples. [Refer to TB page 160 Q9] A. • On the occasion of offering prayer equal justice is seen. Everybody no matter rich or poor, young or old take an equal place in doing so. • While casting a vote all citizens who attained age of 18+ enjoy equal justice irrespective of gender, place, religion etc. • Any person can get education and get employment. Right to education is a fundamental right which can be used by all irrespective of caste, creed, and gender. • Everyone can approach court of law to get solutions to their problems. This can be utilized by every citizen of India. 1.4 Key Concepts i. A Constitution is a set of rules. ii. The Indian Constitution was drafted under very difficult circumstances. iii. Everyone would be equal before law. iv. The British too had introduced some basic institutions of democratic rule in India. v. The Constitution was drafted by an assembly of elected representatives called the Constituent Assembly. vi. We can understand our Constitution by reading the views of some of our major leaders in our Constitution. SESSION 1. THE MAKING OF THE INDIAN CONSTITUTION 38

SESSION 2 THE INDIAN CONSTITUTION – PREAMBLE OF THE CONSTITUTION 2.1 Mind Map SESSION 2. PREAMBLE OF THE CONSTITUTION 39

CHAPTER 13-THE INDIAN CONSTITUTION 2.2 Terminology 1. Sovereign: Sovereign means a nation have supreme right to take decisions on internal as well as external matters and make her own laws. No external power can make laws for that nation. 2. Provisional: Providing or serving for the time being only; existing only until permanently or properly replaced. Ex: Provisional Government (temporary Government) 3. Draft: A preliminary version of a piece of writing or a text. Ex: Draft of the Indian Constitution. 4. Secular: The government will not be run on the basis of any religion. Citizens will have complete freedom to follow any religion at all. 5. Fraternity: To build a sense of bonding and unity among all people. No one should treat a fellow citizen as inferior or as an alien stranger. 6. Amendment: A change, it could be addition or deletion in a document / statutory document / constitution of a nation is called amendment. 7. Federal system: Federal system means a system of government in which the power is divided between a central authority and constituent political units by the constitution of a particular country. Eg; USA, Canada, India etc. 8. Republic: A nation, in which the head of the state is an elected person and not a hereditary position as in kingdom, is called republic. Ex: Indian Republic, Republic of south Africa. 2.3 Improve Your Learning Conceptual Understanding Q1. Here are some of the guiding values of the Constitution and their meaning. Rewrite them by matching them correctly. [Refer to TB page 159 Q5] a) Sovereign: i) Government will not favour any religion. b) Republic : ii) People have the supreme right to make decisions. c) Fraternity: iii) Head of the state is an elected person. d) Secular : iv) People should live like brothers and sisters. A. a) Sovereign: i) People have the supreme right to make decisions. b) Republic : ii) Head of the state is an elected person. c) Fraternity: iii) People should live like brothers and sisters. d) Secular : iv) Government will not favour any religion. Q2. Identify correct statements from the following: [Refer to TB page 160 Q8] a. The Constitution defines powers of the Legislative houses. b. The Constitution cannot be changed under any circumstances. c. Ideals that are in the preamble are reflected in the design of instructions. d. Laws for the entire country are designed centrally. A. The following are the correct statements. a. The Constitution defines powers of the Legislative houses. SESSION 2. PREAMBLE OF THE CONSTITUTION 40

CHAPTER 13-THE INDIAN CONSTITUTION c. Ideals that are in the preamble are reflected in the design of instructions . Q3. What values are embedded in the preamble of Indian Constitution? [Refer to TB page 159 Q6] A. We, the people of India, resolved to constitute our country into a Sovereign Socialist Secular Democratic Republic and to secure all its citizens. JUSTICE, social, economic and political; LIBERTY of thought, expression, belief, faith and worship; EQUALITY of status and of opportunity; and FRATERNITY, assuring the dignity; In is preamble itself, the constitution lays down four universal values: Justice, Social, Economic and Political liberty of thoughts, expressions, belief, faith and worship, Equality of status and of opportunity, and to promote fraternity assuring dignity of individual and unity and integrity of nation. 2.4 Key Concepts i. Republic means the head of the state is an elected person and not a hereditary position as in a kingdom. ii. Our Constitution does not promise equality in all respects but it seeks to ensure that all people will enjoy the same status. iii. Our country has a federal system. iv. The central government has 2 houses – Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha. v. Our country has a three level democracy. vi. Constitution also provides some independent institutions to safeguard the Constitution. vii. The Constitution is a living and changing document. SESSION 2. PREAMBLE OF THE CONSTITUTION 41

CHAPTER 13-THE INDIAN CONSTITUTION —— CCE Based Practice Questions —— AS1-Conceptual Understanding Very Short Answer Type Questions 1. Match the following. Column A Column B i. B.R. Ambedkar a. Constitution of India came into force ii. Mahatma Gandhi b. Member of Constituent Assembly iii. Rajendra Prasad c. Chairman of Drafting Committee iv. Sarojini Naidu d. Not a member of Constituent Assembly v. 26/1/1950 e. President of Constituent Assembly 2. Match the following. Column A Column B i. Democracy a. elected head of state ii. Equality b. Government will not favour any religion iii. Liberty c. All are equal before law iv. Secular d. Freedom of repression v. Republic e. Elected government 3. Answer the following questions in one sentence. (i) What does Universal Adult Franchise mean? (ii) How many fundamental rights are granted by our Constitution to the citizens? (iii) When did the French Revolution take place? (iv) How many articles are there in the Indian Constitution? (v) In which year was the Karachi session of the Indian National Congress held? (vi) What does C.A.G. stand for? CHAPTER 13. THE INDIAN CONSTITUTION 42

CHAPTER 13-THE INDIAN CONSTITUTION (vii) Name the prominent Indian leader who was not a member of the Constituent Assembly? (viii) What does the Preamble of the Constitution represent? (ix) What do we call it when changes are made in the Constitution? (x) Till 2013 how many times was the Constitution amended? 4. Fill in the blanks. (xi) The constituent assembly held its first meeting in . (xii) Constitution is a set of considering all as equal. (xiii) Mahatma Gandhi’s dream of an India without inequality was shared by . (xiv) conducts free and fair elections. (xv) is a form of government where people enjoy equal political rights. (xvi) Writing in the magazine in 1931, Mahatma had spelt out what he wanted the Constitution to do. (xvii) The Indian Constituent Assembly had members. (xviii) Constitution determines the relation between and government. (xix) is a leader who takes responsibility of the people who elected him. (xx) is a form of government where the kings and their heirs rule the kingdom. Short Answer Type Questions 5. Answer the following questions in 3-4 sentences. (i) What do you understand by the term ‘Constitution’? (ii) What were the thoughts that inspired the framing of our Constitution? CHAPTER 13. THE INDIAN CONSTITUTION 43

CHAPTER 13-THE INDIAN CONSTITUTION Long Answer Type Questions 6. Answer the following questions in 6-8 sentences. (i) What were the principles of democracy decided and agreed upon to make a better society after inde- pendence? (ii) What were the institutional arrangements provided by the Constitution? (iii) Write a short note on the values embedded in the preamble of the Indian Constitution. AS2-Reading the Text, Understanding and Interpretation Short Answer Type Questions 7. Answer the following questions in 3-4 sentences. (i) Read the following paragraph and answer the question: The leaders were concerned about keeping the country together and not allowing it to break up further. This meant that all the diverse people should feel that they have an effective role in the running of the country. Why did the leaders after Independence decide to set out the vision of the future society?. AS3-Information Skills Short Answer Type Questions 8. Answer the following questions in 3-4 sentences. (i) Read the following table and answer the questions given below. S. No Organ System of Government 1 India Parliamentary form of government 2 Parliament Two houses 3 Lok Sabha House of people’s representatives 4 Rajya Sabha Members are elected by state assembly 5 Local self–government Panchayat Raj system i. What type of government do we find in our country? ii. What are the two houses of the Parliament? iii. Which house is known as house of people’s representative? iv. Which house members are elected by State Assembly? v. What do you mean by Panchayat Raj system? CHAPTER 13. THE INDIAN CONSTITUTION 44

CHAPTER 13-THE INDIAN CONSTITUTION AS5-Mapping Skills Long Answer Type Questions 9. Answer the following questions in 6-8 sentences. (i) Observe the population density map of India and answer the questions given below. i. Mention the states having more than 1000 density of population. ii. Which state has the least (0–250) density of population? iii. What is the density of population of Punjab and Haryana? iv. Which of these states between Gujarat and Tamil Nadu has more density of population? v. Predict and write two reasons for some states having high density of population (above750) while other states having low density of population (0–250). CHAPTER 13. THE INDIAN CONSTITUTION 45

CHAPTER 13-THE INDIAN CONSTITUTION (ii) Locate the following on the given map of India. i. West Bengal ii. Punjab iii. Mumbai iv. Kerala v. Goa CHAPTER 13. THE INDIAN CONSTITUTION 46

CHAPTER 13-THE INDIAN CONSTITUTION Objective Questions AS1-Conceptual Understanding 10. Choose the correct answer. (i) There were around ____________women in Constituent Assembly. (A) 15 (B) 20 (C) 25 (D) 30 (ii) The Constituent Assembly adopted the Constitution on__________. (A) 26/01/1950 (B) 26/11/1949 (C) 26/01/1949 (D) 26/11/1950 (iii) The government is headed by (B) President (A) Vice president (C) Prime Minister (D) Speaker (iv) Citizens can take the help from court in case of breach of (A) Preamble (B) Liberty (C) Fundamental Rights (D) Directive Principles (v) The head of the Cabinet is ____________. (B) President (A) Prime Minister (D) Speaker (C) Vice President (vi) Fraternity is_____________. (B) Feeling of rivalry (A) A sense of bonding and unity (C) A form of government (D) None of the above (vii) The government is answerable to their (B) Assemblies (A) People (C) Parliament (D) Ministers CHAPTER 13. THE INDIAN CONSTITUTION 47

CHAPTER 13-THE INDIAN CONSTITUTION (viii) The Preamble of our Constitution declares India as (A) Sovereign, socialist (B) Secular, democratic, republic (C) Both A and B (D) None of the above (ix) A model constitution was drafted by (A) Motilal Nehru (B) Rajendra Prasad (C) Sarojini Naidu (D) Mahatma Gandhi (x) Universal Adult Franchise gives to all adult citizens of India the ___________. (A) Right to vote (B) Right against corruption (C) Right to violence (D) None of the above CHAPTER 13. THE INDIAN CONSTITUTION 48