202110221-TRIUMPH-STUDENT-WORKBOOK-SCIENCE-G06-PART1

(iv) Food chains form a when one animal depends upon more than one source and type of food. (B) chain (A) straight line (D) square (C) web (v) Ruminating animals among the following are (A) Cow (B) Buffalo (C) Camel (D)All the above (vi) Animals that depend only on plants for food are called (A) Omnivores (B) Herbivores (C) Carnivores (D)None of them (vii) Bats depend upon their sense of (B) Touch (D) Feel (A) Hearing (C) Sight (viii) To collect food, hen use their (A) Beak (B) Claws (C) Tongue (D)A and B to track food (ix) To help them take in food, birds have different modifications of (A) Claws (B) Beaks (C) Feathers (D) Eyes (x) Carnivores use strong for taking in food. (A) Teeth (B) Claws (C) Tongue (D)A and B CHAPTER 4. WHAT DO ANIMALS EAT? 99

5. MATERIALS AND THINGS SESSION 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Mind Map 1.2 Terminology i. Material –The matter from which a thing is or can be made. ii. Object –A material thing that can be seen and touched. iii. Metal –A hard, shiny material used to make different objects. 1.3 Key Concepts i. We see a large variety of objects around us. All of these objects are made up of certain materials. ii. An object can be made from more than one material. Example: Cake, Soaps iii. Different objects can be made from the same material. Example: Table, Chair, and Door are made from wood. iv. An object can be made from different materials. Example: Bottles from glass, plastic, metals. v. Objects are grouped on the basis of their shapes, the materials they are made up of, and the properties of these materials. SESSION 1. INTRODUCTION 100

1.4 Conceptual Understanding Q1. Name any five objects which are made up of only one material. [Refer to TB page 51 Q1] A. The following objects are made up of only iron. 1) Iron pan 2) Iron lock 3) Iron key 4) Iron trunk 5) Iron cot 6) Iron crow bar Q2. Name any five objects which are made up of more than two materials. [Refer to TB page 51 Q2] A. The five objects that are made up of more than two materials are: i. Pen (Plastic + Metal) ii. Cycle (Steel + Iron + Rubber) iii. Scissors (Steel + Plastic top) iv. Mirror (Glass + Metal frame) v. Axe (Iron + Wooden handle) Q3. List five things which we can make using each of the following material. [Refer to TB page 51 Q3] A) Glass B) Metal C) Plastic D) Wood A. A) Five things made of glass: i. Drinking glass ii. Glass bowl iii. Glass paper weight iv. Glass jar v. Glass beaker B) Five things made of metal: SESSION 1. INTRODUCTION 101

i. Meter scale ii. Metal box iii. Metal sheet iv. Metal cauldron v. Metal pan C) Five things made of plastic: i. Plastic chair ii. Plastic comb iii. Raincoat iv. Plastic bucket v. Body of the cooler D) Five things made of wood: i. Wooden chairs ii. Wooden doors iii. Wooden tables iv. Wooden almirah v. Wooden cot 1.5 Communication Through Drawing and Model Making Q1. Draw different objects made up of wood which we use in our daily life [Refer to TB page 52 Q10] A. Students’ Activity. Q2. Make a few models you like using clay. [Refer to TB page 52 Q11] A. Students’ Activity 1.6 Application to Daily Life, Concern to Bio Diversity Q1. We use so many wooden items in our daily life. Is it good to use wood? What happens, SESSION 1. INTRODUCTION 102

by excessive use of it? What is the reason? Is there any alternative for this? [Refer to TB page 52 Q13] A. i. We use wood to build doors, windows and furniture of our houses. ii. The wood we use for all these are from the trees. iii. To provide for this demand in our daily life, we cut a lot of trees from the forests. iv. Once the trees are cut, the top soil gets loose and there is soil erosion and flood. v. Cutting trees also affects the water cycle , we may get less rain which impacts the plants, animals and our lives further. vi. To avoid the over usage of wood, we can make furniture from alternate sources like plastics, metal, etc. SESSION 1. INTRODUCTION 103

SESSION 2 PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS 2.1 Mind Map SESSION 2. PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS 104

2.2 Terminology i. Transparent –Allowing light to pass through so that objects behind can be distinctly seen. ii. Opaque –Not able to be seen through; not transparent. iii. Translucent –Permitting light to pass through but diffusing it so that persons, objects, etc., on the opposite side are not clearly visible. SESSION 2. PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS 105

iv. Solid –The state of matter characterized by particles arranged such that their shape and volume are relatively stable. v. Liquid – The state of matter in which a substance exhibits a characteristic readiness to flow and little or no tendency to disperse, and is amorphous but has a fixed volume and is difficult to compress. vi. Gas – The state of matter distinguished from the solid and liquid states by relatively low density and viscosity, relatively great expansion and contraction with changes in pressure and temperature, the ability to diffuse readily, and the spontaneous tendency to become distributed uniformly throughout any container. vii. Soluble –Capable of being dissolved, especially in water or in any other solvent. viii. Insoluble – Incapable of being dissolved. 2.3 Key Concepts i. Materials can be grouped on the basis of similarities or differences in their properties. ii. Similar materials share similar chemical and physical properties. Hence materials having similar properties are grouped together. iii. The use of any material depends upon its property. iv. We can see through some materials. These are called transparent. Example: Glass v. We cannot see through some materials. These are called opaque. Example: Wood vi. The materials through which we can see objects but not clearly are said to be translu- cent. Example: Oily paper vii. Materials can exist in three important states; as solids, liquids and gases at normal temperature. viii. The state of a material can be changed from solid to liquid and liquid to gas on being heated. ix. Substances also change from gas to liquid, liquid to solid on being cooled. x. Another state of matter apart from solid, liquid and gas is plasma. It is a new state of matter that is discovered recently. xi. Materials can either sink or float on water depending upon its property. Similarly materials can be either soluble or insoluble in water. 2.4 Conceptual Understanding 106 SESSION 2. PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS

Q1. Collect different plastic elements from your surroundings and classify them into trans- parent, opaque, translucent. [Refer to TB page 51 Q9] A. a) Transparent plastic objects : i. Plastic sheets used for lamination. ii. Plastic sheets used in overhead projectors. iii. Plastic covers where tapes are preserved. iv. Plastic barrels of Gel pens. b) Opaque plastic objects: i. Plastic chair ii. Plastic comb iii. Plastic gum bottle iv. Plastic containers c) Translucent plastic objects: i. Plastic tubs ii. Plastic covers containing oil iii. Thin plastic pads iv. Plastic boxes 2.5 Asking Questions and Making Hypothesis Q1. Mary saw a ship travelling on a sea. She knows that iron nails sink in water. She has many doubts. What are her doubts? Write them. [Refer to TB page 51 Q4] A. i. Why is the ship not sinking in water though it is made up of iron? ii. Does iron float in salty water? iii. Why did such a huge body like ship not sink in sea? iv. What is the secret of ships floating in the sea? v. What is the science behind this floating? vi. Does the shape of the ship have any significance ? Q2. Mary while examining whether a boiled egg sinks or floats found that it floats. But Vakula made it sink. How is it possible? Guess and write it. [Refer to TB page 51 Q5] SESSION 2. PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS 107

A. i. Mary has put the boiled egg in salt water. So the boiled egg floated in it, as the density of salt water is more than the density of boiled egg. ii. Vakula now has put the boiled egg in drinking water. As the density of boiled egg is more than the density of pure water the boiled egg sunk in it. 2.6 Experimentation and Field Investigation Q1. Drop an egg in a beaker of water. Now drop the same egg in another beaker of water in which excessive salt is added. Write your observation. [Refer to TB page 51 Q6] A. i. When the egg is dropped in a beaker of water the egg sinks in the water. ii. When the egg is dropped in the beaker of water in which excessive salt is added, the egg floats in that water. Q2. Do the following activities. Write down your observations. What do you conclude? i. Mix chalk powder in water. ii. Place a piece of candle in water. iii. Add some oil drops to a beaker of water. [Refer to TB page 51 Q7] A. i. Chalk powder is insoluble in water and is precipitated in water. ii. The candle floats in water. The density of candle is less than the density of water. iii. The oil drop spreads as a thin film on the water surface. The density of oil is less than the density of water and as oil is a liquid it spreads on the surface of water as a thin film. 2.7 Information Skills and Projects Q1. Make a list of items from your kitchen like utensils, food ingredients etc. Classify them as follows. (TB Pg 51;Q 8) SESSION 2. PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS 108

A. Item Sink/Float Soluble/Insoluble Plastic glass Float Insoluble Steel glass Float Insoluble Sugar Sink Soluble Oil Float Insoluble Salt Sink Soluble Pan Sink Insoluble Rice Sink Insoluble Green Chilli Float Insoluble 2.8 Appreciation and Aesthetic Sense, Values Q1. We know that a ship, even though it is made up of tonnes of iron, floats on water. How do you feel about the scientists who found the scientific principles and efforts in making a ship? [Refer to TB page 52 Q12] A. i. The floating of a huge ship is possible with a little help from the principles of density and buoyancy ii. They displace the equivalent amount of water when they press down on the ocean, which meanwhile pushes up and keeps the ship afloat, or buoyant. iii. To keep from sinking, the ship has to displace its weight in water before it’s sub- merged. iv. The displaced water of the ship pushes back up against the ship holding it up. v. The observation of the scientists who felt that the shape of the ship can hold more air to make it light made them construct this. vi. The observation of scientists as well as putting it to practical use is very much appreciated. SESSION 2. PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS 109

—— CCE Based Practice Questions —— AS1-Conceptual Understanding Very Short Answer Type Questions 1. Answer the following questions in one sentence. [Refer to Session 5.1 ] (i) Windows are made up of which material? (ii) Cups, saucers, plates and plugs are made of the same material. What is it ? 2. Fill in the blanks. [Refer to Session 5.1 ] (iii) Molecules are very near and in solids. (iv) Glass is a material. (v) Wood, brick and rock are examples of we use different materials for different (vi) Based on a material’s purposes. CHAPTER 5. MATERIALS AND THINGS 110

(vii) is an example of a translucent substance. (viii) Volume of liquids is measured in . (ix) Materials that are denser than water in water. (x) Coconut water is in water whereas coconut oil is in water. (xi) Oil is in water. (xii) Leaf on water. (xiii) Water vapour is state of water. 3. Fill in the blanks. [Refer to Session 5.2 ] (xiv) Some materials can be changed from one form to another form by supplying . (xv) Solids, liquids and gases can be distinguished based on their . (xvi) Iron nail to the bottom of the bowl of water when dropped. (xvii) Materials which dissolve in water are called substances. (xviii) Solids have shape. (xix) All the materials that sink can be made to . (xx) Coconut oil is in water. (xxi) is sprinkled on drainage water. CHAPTER 5. MATERIALS AND THINGS 111

(xxii) When an egg is dropped in a beaker containing salt water, it will because the density of salt water is more as compared to that of ordinary water. (xxiii) The white smoke from the candle is . (xxiv) Kerosene is not in water. (xxv) When ice is added to a glass of lemon juice, ice . (xxvi) All materials that float cannot be made to . (xxvii) We sort materials as and based on their state at normal room temperature. Long Answer Type Questions 4. Answer the following questions in 6-8 sentences. (i) [(Session 5.2)] What are the different properties of materials? Explain any two prop- erties with example. CHAPTER 5. MATERIALS AND THINGS 112

AS2-Asking questions and making hypothesis Short Answer Type Questions 5. Answer the following questions in 3-4 sentences. (i) [(Session 5.1)] Why did your neighbour put different translucent glasses in his bed- room windows? Give reason. (ii) [(Session 5.1)] Radha’s mother poured sugar into a bowl. She wondered how sugar attained the shape of the bowl? What questions could have raised in her mind about this? CHAPTER 5. MATERIALS AND THINGS 113

AS3-Experimentation and field investigation Long Answer Type Questions 6. Answer the following questions in 6-8 sentences. (i) [(Session 5.2)] Conduct an experiment to show that candle can be lit without touch the wick with a match stick. Write the procedure for the same. AS4-Information skills and projects Long Answer Type Questions 7. Answer the following questions in 6-8 sentences. (i) [(Session 5.2)] Given below is information about some materials with respect to a few properties of water. Read the information and answer the questions given below. CHAPTER 5. MATERIALS AND THINGS 114

i. Why do iron nails sink while the wooden bowl floats? ii. Why does oil float on water? iii. What is the color of the water after salt dissolves? iv. Does the chalk piece dissolve in water immediately? Give reasons. v. Do you think solubility and floating are inter–related? Give reasons. CHAPTER 5. MATERIALS AND THINGS 115

AS5-Communication through drawing and model making Long Answer Type Questions 8. Answer the following questions in 6-8 sentences. (i) [(Session 5.2)] Draw a ship made of iron. What property of the ship helps it to float in the water? AS6-Appreciation and aesthetic sense, Values Short Answer Type Questions 9. Answer the following questions in 3-4 sentences. (i) [(Session 5.2)] How do you appreciate the efforts of swimmers to keep afloat in water? CHAPTER 5. MATERIALS AND THINGS 116

AS7-Application to daily life, concern to bio diversity Short Answer Type Questions 10. Answer the following questions in 3-4 sentences. (i) [(Session 5.2)] List all items know to you that float on water. Check and see if they will float on an oil or kerosene. CHAPTER 5. MATERIALS AND THINGS 117

Objective Questions AS1-Conceptual Understanding 11. Choose the correct answer. (i) The object which can be broken most easily among the following is . (A) glass chimney (B) chair (C) pen (D) iron rod (ii) Materials which allow to see the objects through them are . (A) Transparent (B) Opaque (C) Translucent (D)All the above (iii) If a plastic comb is dropped in water it will . (A) float (B) sink (C) dissolve (D)not change (iv) Mirrors, window panes and spectacles are made of . (A) wood (B) glass (C) metal (D) paper (v) Material used for making a bicycle is . (A) iron (B) rubber (C)none of these (D)both A and B (vi) Axe is made of . (A) iron (B) wood (C)both A and B (D) none (vii) An object which takes shape of the container which it occupies and has constant volume is called . (A) solid (B) liquid (C) gas (D) none (viii) Material which dissolve when mixed with water is called CHAPTER 5. MATERIALS AND THINGS 118

(A) soluble (B) insoluble (C)both A and B (D) none (ix) Materials through which we cannot see are called (A) opaque (B) transparent (C) translucent (D) none (x) When put in water which of these will float? (A) Chalk (B) Ice (C) Cork (D)B and C CHAPTER 5. MATERIALS AND THINGS 119

SESSION 1 6. HABITAT 1.1 Mind Map INTRODUCTION 1.2 Terminology i. Habitat – Habitat is a dwelling place for plants and animals that gives them optimum conditions for life. ii. Aquatic Habitat – An aquatic habitat is a habitat with water. It includes areas that are permanently covered by water and surrounding areas that are occasionally covered by water. iii. Terrestrial Habitat – Land as a habitat is called a terrestrial habitat. 1.3 Key Concepts i. All organisms depend on their surroundings for their needs like food, water, air and shelter. ii. As the area increases, the type and number of organisms living there also usually increases. iii. The surrounding which meets the need of a particular organism in the best manner is the habitat of that organism. iv. Habitat is the place of dwelling of an organism best suited for its survival. For example pond is a habitat for fishes, tree is the habitat for many birds. v. The conditions that support life of organisms in a habitat are temperature, moisture, air, water and availability of food. SESSION 1. INTRODUCTION 120

vi. A habitat can be shared by several kinds of plants and animals. This makes a habitat diverse in nature. vii. Particular organisms live in the specified habitat according to its growth conditions. viii. Land, water, air all form the habitat. 1.4 Conceptual Understanding Q1. What is a habitat? [Refer to TB page 62 Q1] A. Habitat is a dwelling place for plants and animals that gives them optimum conditions for life. Q2. What happens if a habitat is disturbed or destroyed? [Refer to TB page 62 Q6] A. If the habitat is disturbed or destroyed i. Species may get extinct. ii. It may cause green house effect. iii. Wild animals like tigers and lions may attack human habitations. iv. Droughts. v. Slow seasons. Q3. Why do some animals change their habitat? [Refer to TB page 62 Q7] A. Animals change their habitat due to i. Extreme temperatures ii. Insecurity iii. Lack of food iv. Human occupation v. Deforestation vi. Cell phone tower radiation effect vii. Pollution(land,water,environment) viii. Bulging population needs more food and space SESSION 1. INTRODUCTION 121

SESSION 2 POND AS A HABITAT 2.1 Mind Map 2.2 Terminology i. Aquatic habitat – An aquatic habitat is a habitat with water. It includes areas that are permanently covered by water and surrounding areas that are occasionally covered by water. 2.3 Key Concepts i. A pond is a small area of still, fresh water that serves as a home for a variety of organisms. ii. A pond has got several layers in which different organisms are well adapted. SESSION 2. POND AS A HABITAT 122

iii. A pond is divided into three major regions. They are surface water, mid water and bottom water. iv. Organisms like snail, whirling beetle and pond skater live on the surface. v. The surface organisms are easily eaten up because they have little protection for them. vi. Leech and mosquito larva are found in mid water. vii. The bottom of the pond has plants like hydrilla and animals like mussels, flat worms and some maggots. 2.4 Conceptual Understanding Q1. Why cannot fish live on land? [Refer to TB page 62 Q3] A. i. Fishes have gills for respiration. ii. They utilize oxygen dissolved in water and release carbon dioxide into the water. iii. Fishes cannot breathe with their gills on land, so they cannot live on land. 2.5 Asking Questions and Making Hypothesis Q1. I am a living being. I have four legs. I live in water and also on land. Who am I? And guess who are there in my habitat along with me. [Refer to TB page 62 Q11] A. Frog has four legs. It lives both in water and also on land. Turtle will also be in the habitat of frog. 2.6 Experimentation and Field Investigation Q1. Collect a hydrilla plant. Put it in a glass of water and observe for a week how it grows. [Refer to TB page 62 Q9] A. i. Hydrilla grows an inch a day. ii. It occurs in the top 0.5 m of the water column in the glass. iii. The leaves are 5/8 –inch long, strap shaped with pointed tips and a distinct mid rib. iv. The green leaves are directly attached to the stem. SESSION 2. POND AS A HABITAT 123

SESSION 3 TREE AS A HABITAT 3.1 Mind Map 3.2 Terminology i. Mosses –A small flowerless green plant which lacks true roots, growing in low carpets or rounded cushions in damp habitats and reproducing by means of spores released from stalked capsules. ii. Trunk –The main woody stem of a tree as distinct from its branches and roots. iii. Habitat – Habitat is a dwelling place for plants and animals that gives them optimum conditions for life. SESSION 3. TREE AS A HABITAT 124

3.3 Key Concepts i. Trees provides habitat for a wide variety of organisms. ii. Trees provide shelter and food for a variety of birds and small animals, such as squir- rels and beavers. iii. Many small plants are found growing on the bark of the tree. iv. Some plants and animals are always present on the tree whereas others like birds come and go in search of better living conditions. 3.4 Appreciation and Aesthetic Sense, Values Q1. Raziya does not want to disturb squirrels that eat fruits on the guava tree at her house. Why does she do so? [Refer to TB page 62 Q13] A. i. Raziya does not want to disturb the squirrels that eat fruits on the guava tree, as she likes the squirrels. ii. She also knows that only a few fruits will be eaten by the squirrel. iii. Tree is also a natural habitat for the squirrel, so its a good gesture by her not to disturb them. SESSION 3. TREE AS A HABITAT 125

SESSION 4 OUR HOUSE AS A HABITAT 4.1 Mind Map SESSION 4. OUR HOUSE AS A HABITAT 126

4.2 Terminology i. Terrestrial Habitat – Land as a habitat is called a terrestrial habitat. ii. Voluntary organisations – Voluntary organisation is a group of individuals who enter into an agreement as volunteers to form a body (or organization) to accomplish a purpose. iii. Fodder –Food, especially dried hay or straw, for cattle and other livestock. 4.3 Key Concepts i. We live in houses that protect us from heat and cold, rain etc, and provide shelter for us. ii. Our house not only shelter us but also act as a habitat for other organisms such as pets, lizards, spiders etc. iii. In Orchards, farmers grow a single type of fruit plants; in a mango orchard there will only be mango trees. iv. Plants and animals that live in different places on land like those living on trees, in our houses, fields, forests etc., are said to belong to terrestrial habitat. v. All habitats on land are collectively known as terrestrial habitats. 4.4 Conceptual Understanding Q1. Name some plants and animals that live in terrestrial habitat. What is terrestrial habitat? [Refer to TB page 62 Q2] A. Terrestrial habitat: Plants and animals that live in different places on the land like those living on trees, in our houses, fields, forests, etc., are said to belong to terrestrial habitats. Names of some plants 1) Mango 2) Guava 3) Sapota 4) Banana 5) Citrus 6) Coconut tree 7) Hibiscus tree 8) Jack tree 9) Lemon tree 10) Rose Names of some animals: 1) Birds 2) Monkeys 3) Squirrels 4) Snakes 5) Ants 6) Spiders 7) Caterpillars 8) Moths 9) Bees 10) Wasps. SESSION 4. OUR HOUSE AS A HABITAT 127

4.5 Communication Through Drawing and Model Making Q1. Prepare a map that represents different habitats which exist in your school. [Refer to TB page 62 Q14] A. Students’ Activity Students can take help of the given map as a reference and replace the branches as school garden, swimming pool, play ground etc. 4.6 Appreciation and Aesthetic Sense, Values Q1. Write your experiences with your pet dog/ cat/ cow.etc. that shows its affection on you. [Refer to TB page 62 Q12] A. i. These pet animals are sure of their shelter and food. ii. They are quite loyal to the person who is looking after them. iii. They welcome their master when they come back from outside. iv. The biological clock in them works and they will be anxiously waiting for the food from their master at the scheduled hours to which they are habituated. (You could add you personal experiences with your pets) SESSION 4. OUR HOUSE AS A HABITAT 128

4.7 Application to Daily Life, Concern to Bio Diversity Q1. Prepare an article to deliver a speech in literary association meeting on ‘Animals also have a right to live’. [Refer to TB page 62 Q15] A. Students’ Activity: A small note has been provided. You could elaborate the content or rewrite your own speech based on your creativity and imagination. Almost all of us grew up eating meat, wearing leather, and going to circuses and zoos. Many of us bought our beloved “pets” at pet shops, had guinea pigs, and kept beautiful birds in cages. We wear clothes made from wool and silk. We never considered the impact of these actions on the animals involved. People often ask if animals should have rights, and quite simply, the answer is “Yes!” Animals surely deserve to live their lives free from suffering and exploitation. All animals have the ability to suffer in the same way and to the same degree that humans do. They feel pain, pleasure, fear, frustration, loneliness, and motherly love. Whenever we consider doing something that would interfere with their needs, we are morally obligated to take them into account. Supporters of animal rights believe that animals have an inherent worth—a value completely separate from their usefulness to humans. We should believe that every creature with a will to live has a right to live free from pain and suffering. SESSION 4. OUR HOUSE AS A HABITAT 129

SESSION 5 DIVERSITY OF HABITATS IN TELUGU STATES 5.1 Mind Map Some plants grow only in specific regions. Some plants are found in many regions. Telugu States 5.2 Terminology ti. hDaebsitearts – Desert habitats are the homes that animals have made for them- selves in deserts. ii. Coastal area – Coastal areas are commonly defined as the interface or transition areas between land and sea, including large inland lakes. 5.3 Key Concepts i. In broader sense habitats are classified as terrestrial and aquatic. ii. Desert is a type of terrestrial habitat mainly sheltering animals living in sand or desert. iii. However composition of organisms in different terrestrial habitat is different. iv. The plants that grow in coastal regions may not grow in regions of Telangana and vice versa. v. Different kinds of birds come from long distances to Kolleru and Pullicat lake of our state. SESSION 5. DIVERSITY OF HABITATS IN TELUGU STATES 130

5.4 Conceptual Understanding Q1. “Animal skin is a habitat for some organisms.” What do you understand by this state- ment? [Refer to TB page 62 Q4] A. i. We often find some insects on the skin of a buffalo. Hence, buffalo skin is the habitat for that insect. ii. We understand that depending upon the type of conditions suitable to the organism different organisms exist in different habitats. Q2. Identify the habitat in which the following live. More than one organism may be present in one habitat (use information given in the help box ) [our intestine, pond margin, kitchen, garden, tree, underground, grass] [Refer to TB page 62 Q5] A. Our intestine –Bacteria, hookworm. Pond margin - Several green grasses, frogs, cranes, crabs etc. Kitchen - Cockroach, lizards, rats, ants, flies, bacteria etc. Garden - Rats, bees, butterfly, ants, flies, earthworm etc. Tree - Bees, wasps, moths, squirrels, blue tits, hawks, insects, larva etc. Underground - Snakes, rats, earthworm, crabs etc Grass - Bacteria, grasshopper etc. Q3. Observe a spider in its web and write how a spider shares its habitat. A. i. Spiders are found all over the world in all sorts of habitats from the sea shore to the dessert –on the ground, under rocks, on plants, in trees, in caves, on water. ii. Each type of spider tends to be found in a habitat to which it has become specifi- cally adapted. 5.5 Experimentation and Field Investigation Q1. Pictures of different kinds of plants and animals which live in plants and lakes in our surroundings are given below for you. Try to know their local names with the help of SESSION 5. DIVERSITY OF HABITATS IN TELUGU STATES 131

your teacher and write them in your notebook. [Refer to TB page 63 Q16] A. A few names of these animals are given in the Telugu language 132 Dragon fly : Tuniga Mussel : alchipa Pond snail : Natha King fisher : Lakhumukhi pitta Leech : Jalagaa Lotus: Tamar SESSION 5. DIVERSITY OF HABITATS IN TELUGU STATES

Larva : Doma Dimbhakam 5.6 Communication Through Drawing and Model Making Q1. Take a map of Telangana and colour the areas where mangroves grow. [Refer to TB page 62 Q10] A. Take the map of Telangana. Colour the areas at estuary regions where mangroves grow. Estuary regions are places where the river water joins the sea. Students’ Activity SESSION 5. DIVERSITY OF HABITATS IN TELUGU STATES 133

—— CCE Based Practice Questions —— AS1-Conceptual Understanding Very Short Answer Type Questions 1. Answer the following questions in one sentence. [Refer to Session 6.3 ] (i) Name one animal which lives at the base of trees. Do you think it faces any danger from other animals? 2. Fill in the blanks. [Refer to Session 6.3 ] (ii) are habitats dominated by trees. 3. Fill in the blanks. [Refer to Session 6.2 ] (iii) Plants that we see in the water are called plants. (iv) Ponds, tanks, small garden pools etc. are examples of . (v) Plants like are found at the bottom of the pond. (vi) Food is available in the form of and matter at the bottom of the pond. 4. Fill in the blanks. of nature. [Refer to Session 6.1 ] (vii) Habitat shows the CHAPTER 6. HABITAT 134

(viii) The surroundings which meet the needs of a particular organism in the best manner is the of that organism. (ix) is the habitat for crow. (nest/tree). (x) As the area increases, the type and number of organisms living there usually (increases/decreases). 5. Fill in the blanks. [Refer to Session 6.5 ] (xi) Mangroves only grow in region. (xii) Cactus, aloe vera, acacia are called plants. (xiii) bird is seen in Kurnool district. (xiv) Desert plants and animals are suited to conditions and differences. (xv) Grapes are grown in region. 6. Answer the following questions in one sentence. [Refer to Session 6.4 ] (xvi) Name a medicinal plant which you grow in your home. What is it used for? (xvii) What are all habitats on our land collectively called as? Do you think we would be able to survive without this? CHAPTER 6. HABITAT 135

7. Fill in the blanks. type of fruit plants. (single/many). [Refer to Session 6.4 ] . (xviii) In orchards, farmers grow plants are grown inside the house. (xix) All habitats on land are known as . (xx) and (xxi) Terrestrial means animals living on and . (xxii) Our house protects us from Long Answer Type Questions 8. Answer the following questions in 6-8 sentences. (i) [(Session 6.2)] Name any two terrestrial and aquatic habitats. Give two examples of animals who live in each of them. Why do these animals prefer that habitat? CHAPTER 6. HABITAT 136

AS2-Asking questions and making hypothesis Very Short Answer Type Questions 9. Answer the following questions in one sentence. [Refer to Session 6.5 ] (i) Why are mangroves grown in coastal areas? Give reason. Short Answer Type Questions 10. Answer the following questions in 3-4 sentences. (i) [(Session 6.2)] Different organisms live in different parts of the pond. Give three rea- sons to support this hypothesis with suitable examples. (ii) [(Session 6.2)] During a visit to a nearby park you saw many insects, birds and reptiles. Ask at least four questions to find out about the organisms and their habitats. CHAPTER 6. HABITAT 137

AS3-Experimentation and field investigation Long Answer Type Questions 11. Answer the following questions in 6-8 sentences. (i) [(Session 6.3)] After observing ‘Tree as a habitat’ for various kinds of insects and animals based on your recording and analysis, answer the following questions. i. What are there at the base of the tree? ii. What are there on the trunk of the tree? iii. Mention the animals moving between the branches. iv. Where do you find bees and wasps? v. What are the other observations that you find in ‘Tree as a habitat’? vi. What kind of birds you saw on the tree? vii. Why do you think all these animals have made tree as habitat? CHAPTER 6. HABITAT 138

12. Answer the following questions in 6-8 sentences. (i) [(Session 6.4)] You observe that your house is a habitat for various animals and plants. Based on your observation, answer the following questions: i. Some animals are seen only at nights. Which are they? ii. Lizards are also useful to us. How? iii. Name any two decorative plants in our house. iv. Which animals do we keep as pets? v. Do you see ants in all seasons? vi. Name some nocturnal animals which live with us in our homes. Do they disturb you at night? What will you do about it? vii. Name the animals which live with us and give us milk. How can we take good care of them? AS4-Information skills and projects 139 Short Answer Type Questions 13. Answer the following questions in 6-8 sentences. CHAPTER 6. HABITAT

(i) [(Session 6.5)] Collect information on ‘Pulusa Fish’ Long Answer Type Questions 14. Answer the following questions in 6-8 sentences. (i) [(Session 6.2)] Collect information on coral reefs and their habitat. CHAPTER 6. HABITAT 140

AS5-Communication through drawing and model making Long Answer Type Questions 15. Answer the following questions in 6-8 sentences. (i) [(Session 6.2)] Draw the diagram of a pond and label the regions. Name any two creatures that live in each region. 16. Answer the following questions in 6-8 sentences. (i) [(Session 6.5)] Draw a diagram of the following plants and animals: (a) Flatworm (b) Lotus (c) Grass (d) Dragonfly (e) Hydrilla CHAPTER 6. HABITAT 141

AS6-Appreciation and aesthetic sense, Values Short Answer Type Questions 17. Answer the following questions in 3-4 sentences. (i) [(Session 6.3)] How do you appreciate the interdependence of different organisms? Write examples. CHAPTER 6. HABITAT 142

(ii) [(Session 6.3)] “We should not cut down the trees”. Is this statement correct? How do you support this? (iii) [(Session 6.3)] “Tree is a wonderful habitat”. Explain the greatness of trees. 18. Answer the following questions in 3-4 sentences. (i) [(Session 6.4)] Do you agree that because of man, many birds and animals are falling in danger of extinction? Why do you think so? CHAPTER 6. HABITAT 143

Long Answer Type Questions 19. Answer the following questions in 6-8 sentences. (i) [(Session 6.4)] Man is encroaching the habitat of many animals. Prepare a slogan or a poster to stop man from doing so. (ii) [(Session 6.4)] A pigeon made a nest on the window–side to lay eggs. But your father wants to throw it away because it will create dirt. Write your feelings about it. CHAPTER 6. HABITAT 144

AS7-Application to daily life, concern to bio diversity Short Answer Type Questions 20. Answer the following questions in 3-4 sentences. (i) [(Session 6.5)] Write a note on diversity of habitat in Andhra Pradesh. Objective Questions (B) Space AS1-Conceptual Understanding (D)Both A & C 21. Choose the correct answer. (B) Sky (i) Example for a habitat (D) Water (A) Tree (C) Pond 145 (ii) Aquatic means relating to (A) Land (C) Forest CHAPTER 6. HABITAT

(iii) Which of these creatures live on the ponds surface? (A) Snail (B) Pond skater (C) Fish (D)A and B (iv) Which creature live on the fringe of the pond? (A) Fish (B) Leeches (C)Flat worms (D)None of these (v) Name the organism which can swim and live in a pond habitat. (A) Prawn (B) Kingfisher (C)Dragon fly (D) Fish (vi) Organisms live in their particular habitat for this/these reason/reasons. (A) For food and water (B) For security (C)For suitable temperature (D)All the above (vii) Habitats show the diversity of (A) Nature (B) Human being (C)Dead organisms (D)Non–living things (viii) If a habitat is disturbed, a species may (A) Become extinct (B) Thrive (C)Become endangered (D)A and C (ix) Increase in area of habitat leads to in the number of organisms. (A) increase (B) remain the same (C)decrease (D)none of the above (x) All habitats in water are collectively called (A) Terrestrial habitat (B) Aquatic habitat (C)Home habitat (D)None of these CHAPTER 6. HABITAT 146

7. SEPARATION OF SUBSTANCES SESSION 1 MIXTURES 1.1 Mind Map 1.2 Terminology i. Mixtures –are combination of two or more substances that are mixed physically but not combined chemically. ii. Natural mixtures –are mixtures occuring naturally, for eg. Air is a mixture of various gases. iii. Man–made mixtures –are those mixtures which are created by man for their use, for eg. Tea is a mixture of water, sugar, milk and tea powder. 1.3 Key Concepts i. Mixtures are defined as physical combination of two or more substances that can be separated into its components. ii. Mixtures can be natural or man–made. iii. Mixtures that occur naturally are known as natural mixtures. iv. Mixtures that are created by man are known as man–made mixtures. v. We can separate components in mixtures by various processes. SESSION 1. MIXTURES 147

SESSION 2 METHODS OF SEPARATION 2.1 Mind Map 2.2 Terminology i. Separation –is the process of segregating the various components of a mixture. ii. Handpicking –is the process used for separating components of mixtures with suffi- ciently large particles, usually under dry conditions. iii. Winnowing –is the process used to free grains from lighter particles like chaff, impu- rities, dirt etc. by wind or forced current of air. iv. Sedimentation – is a physical water treatment process using gravity to remove sus- pended solids from water. v. Decantation – is a process of removing a layer of liquid, generally one from which a precipitate has settled. vi. Sieving –is a process in which a utensil of wire mesh or closely perforated metal or plastic is used to separate particles of different sizes. SESSION 2. METHODS OF SEPARATION 148