MPL_G3_English_WB AK_All Terms

Grammar Adjectives Read the passage and underline the adjectives of quality. I was lying under my cosy blanket on a cold morning. Something landed on my bed with a loud noise. I woke up. A fluffy kitten was staring up at me. It was orange and had a little, wet nose. The naughty kitten crawled into the blanket. I was happy to see it play. Remember Adjectives of quality point out the quality of nouns. They answer the question: 'of what kind?'. Exercise 3.1: Complete the story by choosing suitable adjectives of quality from the given words. One is done for you. long high sour ripe warm hungry It was a warm day. A fox entered a garden. Among the many wonderful things in the garden was a vine full of bunches of grapes. One of them was a _____r_ip__e_______ bunch that hung over the fox’s head. When the fox saw it, it made him feel ____h_u_n_g__ry______. Module 5 51

But they were too _____h_i_g_h_______ for him to reach. He jumped and jumped, but he could not reach the bunch of grapes. After trying for a _____l_o_n_g_______ time, he decided to give up. ‘The grapes are ______so__u_r______. I do not want to eat them’, said the fox and walked away. Adjectives of quantity I have a lot of time. He does not have any There is a little water in money. the jug. The words ‘a lot’, ‘any’ and ‘a little’ show the amount or quantity of the nouns. They are adjectives of quantity. Remember Adjectives of quantity tell us ‘how many’ or ‘how much’. Examples: some, a little, all, several, much, many, a lot of, plenty of, few 52

Exercise 3.2: Fill in the blanks with adjectives of quantity from the given words. One is done for you. much enough a little some half all 1) There is a little juice left in the bottle. 2) I have __________s_o_m__e_________ food that you can eat. 3) Do you have _________e_n_o__u_g_h________ furniture in your house for twelve people? 4) Sandeep has left _________h__a_lf___________ of his lunch. He was late and could only eat half of it. 5) She had spent ________a__ll_____________ her wealth. She was left with nothing. 6) I don’t have _________m_u__c_h__________ time left. Please hurry up! Adjectives of number I came second in the Suraj has three bananas. There is one jug kept race. here. The words ‘second’, ‘three’ and ‘one’ show the position or number of the nouns. They are adjectives of number. Module 5 53

Remember Adjectives of number tell us about the number or position of the nouns or pronouns spoken about. They tell us ‘how many’ or ‘at what position’. Examples: Example: five, seventeen, twenty-four tenth Exercise 3.3: Fill in the blanks with adjectives of number. One is done for you. 1) An autorickshaw has three wheels. 2) There are ________se__v_e_n________ days in a week. 3) There are ________tw__e_l_v_e_______ months in a year. 4) A square has _________f_o_u_r________ sides. 5) Humans have _________tw__o_________ legs. 6) A triangle has _______t_h_r_e_e_________ sides. Exercise 3.4: Do as directed in brackets. One is done for you. 1) I have lived here my whole life. (Circle the adjective of quantity.) 2) I have black shoes. (Underline the adjective of quality.) 3) I have two new shirts. (Tick the adjective of number and circle the adjective of quality.) 4) Today is my eighth birthday. (Cross out the adjective of number.) 5) Joey has fourth books. (Rewrite the sentence by using the correct adjective of number.) Ans. Joey has four books. 54

6) There is hot milk on the table. (Rewrite the sentence by replacing the adjective of quality with an adjective of quantity.) Ans. There is some milk on the table. Formal Writing Explanatory writing Exercise 4: Write a paragraph that explains how to make a cup of tea. Use the pictures given below as hints. pour water add tea leaves pour milk, add sugar stir strain To make a cup of tea, first, pour some water into a saucepan and boil it. When the water starts to boil, add a teaspoon of tea powder or tea leaves. Then, add some milk and sugar to taste. Stir the mixture well. Allow the tea to boil for about three minutes on a low flame. Finally, strain the tea, and pour it into a cup. Now, the tea is ready to be served. Module 5 55

Creative Writing Dialogue writing Exercise 5: Complete the dialogue between Karim and Sanjana. Karim Hi, Sanjana! How __h_a_v__e_y_o__u__b_e_e__n____? Sanjana _H_e_l_lo__. _I _a_m__f_in__e_______________________ Karim. How are you? Karim I am fine as well. What are you doing? 56

Sanjana I am making paper shapes. It is __a__lo_t_o__f_f_u_n_.___________ _It_i_s_a__ls_o__v_e_r_y_e__a_s_y____________________________________. You should try it too. Karim I would _lo__v_e__to__. _It_s_u_r_e_l_y_l_o_o_k_s__in_t_e_r_e_s_t_in_g_______________! Do you know what the art of paper folding is called? Sanjana _I _d_o__k_n_o_w___w_h__a_t_i_t _is__c_a_l_le_d__. _It_i_s_a__J_a_p__a_n_e__se__w__o_r_d_______. Karim It is called origami. Great! Let us _m__a_k_e__s_o_m__e__n_e_w__p__a_p__e_r_f_ig_u__re_s__to__g_e_t_h_e__r __ _____________________________________________________. Module 5 57

Module 6 Section Name What I Will Learn Dictation Sentence dictation Vocabulary Vocabulary in context Grammar Articles Page 59 Formal Writing Friendly letter Creative Writing Picture-based writing *Note to teacher: Please do not dictate the sample answers provided for the writing sections to the learners. They are meant to help learners generate ideas. Dictation Exercise 1: Sentence dictation 1) My sister can play the piano and violin. 2) We carry colourful umbrellas during monsoon. 3) My blanket was squishy and warm. 4) The meadow fruits were plump and ripe. 5) Mango is a seasonal fruit. Module 1 1

P Vocabulary Q R Vocabulary in context Page 60 Exercise 2.1: Fill in the blanks with the most suitable words from the brackets. 1) I am very thirsty, but my _______b_o__tt_l_e_________ (plate/bottle) is empty. 2) I spilt milk when I was pouring it from the _________j_u_g__________ (jug/spoon). 3) Here is my ________b__o_w__l ________ (bowl/spoon). Please give me some more ice cream in it. 4) My aunt served the rice on a large ________p__la__te_________ (jug/plate). 5) My sister asked me to finish the curry left in the _________p__a_n_________ (plate/ pan). 6) May I take a _______s_p_o_o__n_________ (spoon/pan) to have the soup? Exercise 2.2: Colour the shapes next to the correct meanings of the underlined words. Use the context clues in the sentences. One is done for you. 1) The delightful aroma of food made me hungry. sound stink smell 2) Mala was inaudible. The teacher asked her to speak louder. could be heard clearly could not be heard very annoying 3) The prince and the pauper had very different lives. The prince was wealthy, and the pauper was not. a very poor person a rich person a well-to-do person 2

4) My little brother always pesters me instead of letting me work in peace. disturbs helps plays with 5) December is a chilly month; we all need warm clothes. comfortable sunny cold 6) Sim is a very warm person; she has always been a great friend to me. cruel hot loving Page 61 Grammar Articles Articles are words that point out nouns or groups of nouns. There are three articles in English. Articles a an the ‘A’ is used before singular words that begin with a a man consonant sound. an umbrella Examples: a tree, a man, a uniform ‘An’ is used before singular words that begin with a YRZHOVRXQGWKHÀUVWOHWWHUPD\\RUPD\\QRWEH D  H  L  R RU X  Examples: an x-ray, an umbrella, an elephant Module 6 3

The article ‘the’ is used in the following cases. the Parliament House in Delhi ‡ E HIRUHDZRUGWKDWKDVEHHQPHQWLRQHGHDUOLHU Example: I met a girl on a bus. The girl was a swimming champion. ‡ E HIRUHDZRUGWKDWLVXQLTXH Examples: the Sun, the Moon ‡ E HIRUHWKHQDPHVRIULYHUVPRXQWDLQV seas and so on Examples: the Himalayas, the Ganges Exercise 3.1: Match the pictures to the correct articles. One is done for you. Page 62 Ì1) a 2) Ì3) an 4) Ì5) the 6) 4

Page 63 Exercise 3.2: Colour the circles with the correct articles and complete the sentences. One is done for you. 1) She ate only a an ice cream for lunch. 2) My friend gifted me the a small toy car on my birthday. 3) Rita eats the an egg every day. 4) Let us go to a the school playground. 5) Ram has a an large box of chocolates. 6) We visited the an Gateway of India when we were in Mumbai. Exercise 3.3: The following sentences have incorrect articles. Rewrite the sentences by using the correct articles. One is done for you. 1) Piyush has an pet dog at home. Ans. Piyush has a pet dog at home. 2) My uncle had an long life. Ans. My uncle had a long life. 3) A necklace that Iram is wearing looks lovely. Ans. The necklace that Iram is wearing looks lovely. 4) Danish is a simple man with an unique point of view. Ans. Danish is a simple man with a unique point of view. Module 6 5

Page 64 5) Great storms occur in a southern part of India. Ans. Great storms occur in the southern part of India. 6) Yes, I am a artist. Ans. Yes, I am an artist. 'HÀQLWHDQGLQGHÀQLWHDUWLFOHV Imagine that you have a plate of biscuits in front of you. There are many types of biscuits: salty biscuits, coconut biscuits, chocolate-chip biscuits and so on. Now, let us use these biscuits to understand the difference between definite and indefinite articles. Read the following sentences. ‡ ,ZDQWa biscuit. ‡ ,ZDQWthe chocolate-chip biscuit. 7KHÀUVWVHQWHQFHLVDERXWany of the biscuits that are on the plate. So, we use WKHLQGHÀQLWHDUWLFOH¶D· The second sentence is about a particular or GHÀQLWH biscuit. So, we use the GHÀQLWHDUWLFOH¶WKH· Remember ‡ ¶7KH·LVXVHGIRUboth singular and plural nouns. Examples: the chocolate-chip biscuit, the chocolate-chip biscuits ‡ ¶$·DQG¶DQ·DUHXVHGIRUsingular nouns only. Examples: a biscuit, an aeroplane ‡ : HXVHWKHDUWLFOH¶D·EHIRUHQRXQVOLNH¶XQLFRUQ·EHFDXVHWKHÀUVWVRXQGLVWKDW of a consonant. ‘An’ is used before nouns like ‘honest’ and ‘hour’ because they start with a vowel sound. 6

([HUFLVH8QGHUOLQHWKHDUWLFOHV7KHQZULWH , IRULQGHÀQLWHDUWLFOHVDQG ' IRU WKHGHÀQLWHDUWLFOHLQHDFKVHQWHQFH2QHLVGRQHIRU\\RX Page 65 1) We have a pet cat. I 2) Give me the book that is next to you. D 3) I need to complete this work before the class ends. D 4) I saw an ostrich. I 5) This is the dog that bit Ramya. D 6) I need to buy a new pair of shoes. I Formal Writing Friendly letter We write friendly letters to our friends and close family members. These are informal letters. The tone of an informal letter is relaxed and friendly. Read the given sample of a friendly letter. Use this sample to observe the different parts of a friendly letter. Module 6 7

Page 66 Salutation/ 403 Prajvi Apartments Sender's address Greeting Gachibowli You can use Hyderabad Date a person’s first name. 19 October 2019 Introduction In the first Body Dear Lila, paragraph, This is the part explain why between the Thank you for the birthday card! you are writing. introduction It was very pretty. I put it up next Remember to use and the closing to our photo so that I could see it friendly language. paragraph. You every day. talk about the Closing main idea of the Guess what Mummy and Papa paragraph letter here. got me for my birthday? A Harry Ask a question Potter book! It is the first one, and or make a Signature the story is so exciting to read! Do suggestion so that Sign your name. not worry, we can read it again the person can How you sign off together when we meet during the send a reply. shows how you holidays. feel about the person to whom Please ask your parents if they you are writing. would let you bring your dolls. I cannot wait to see you again! We are going to have so much fun! Lots of love, Ruby ([HUFLVH9HHUXLVSODQQLQJWRFHOHEUDWH0DNDU6DQNUDQWLE\\Á\\LQJNLWHVDQG eating special sweets. He wishes to invite his best friend, Ali, to celebrate with him. &RPSOHWHWKHLQYLWDWLRQOHWWHUWKDW9HHUXZURWHWR$OLE\\ÀOOLQJLQWKHJDSV 34 Lane No. 5 Guldastah Lucknow – 226012 12 January 2019 Dear ______A_l_i _________, How are you? I am writing this letter to _i_n_v_it_e__y_o_u__t_o__c_e_l_e_b_r_a_t_e__M__a_k_a_r_S_a__n_k_r_a_n_t_i _w_i_t_h___ 8

Page 67 ____m__y_f_a_m__il_y_a__n_d__m__e______________________________________________________________. The celebrations are next week. This festival is very special. We celebrate it by _fl_y_in_g__k_i_te__s _a_n_d__e__x_c_h_a_n__g_in__g__sw__e_e__ts__________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________. Please come for the celebrations. It would be ____g_r_e_a__t _fu__n_t_o__c_e__le_b__ra__te__w__it_h__y_o_u_____ _______________________________________________________. I will ask my mother to make _ta__st_y__fo__o_d__a_n_d__s_w__e_e_t_s_f_o_r_y__o_u__to__o__________________________________________________. I hope you can _____________________c_o__m__e_d__u_r_in_g__t_h_e__c_e__le_b__ra__ti_o_n___________________. Awaiting your reply, Your friend, _V_e_e__ru______________ Creative Writing Picture-based writing Exercise 5: Look at the pictures given below. Describe what activity each person is doing. Porus is playing on a skateboard. A skateboard can also be used to travel from one place to another. Porus Module 6 9

Page 68 Nuria Nuria is playing badminton. This game uses a David racquet to hit a shuttlecock across a net. Faiz David is playing football. It is a sport played with a ball and between two teams of eleven players each. Faiz is cycling. You can perform tricks on a bicycle, or use it to travel from one place to another. 10

1RZZULWHÀYHVHQWHQFHVDERXWWKHLPSRUWDQFHRIRXWGRRUJDPHVDQG activities. You can use the words and phrases given below as hints. healthy fresh fit routine fun time with mind activities friends Outdoor activities help to keep us healthy and fit. They involve us in physical work. Outdoor games are exciting and they include many fun activities. We never get bored playing outside. Outdoor games and activities help to keep our minds active and fresh. They also help us to form a routine. We can also spend time with our friends playing outdoor games. Page 69 Module 6 11

Module 7 Page 98 Section Name What I Will Learn Dictation Word dictation Vocabulary Word groups Grammar Wordplay Formal Writing Verbs Creative Writing Subject and predicate Message writing Diary entry Dictation Exercise 1: Word dictation 1) water bearer 2) stream 3) fetch 4) ashamed 5) cracked 6) blaming 7) scent 8) decorate 9) difference 1221

P Vocabulary Q R Word groups Page 99 Exercise 2.1: Write at least four words that belong to each word group. One is done for you. 1) fruits mango, orange, guava, pineapple 2) vegetables _c_a__rr_o_t_,_b_r_in__ja_l_,_p_o__ta__to__, _b_e_a__n_s_____________________________ _________________________________________________________ 3) flowers _r_o_s_e_,_j_a_s_m__in_e__, _tu__lip__, _li_ly____________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _a_u__to__, _c_a_r_,_b_i_k_e_,_a__e_r_o_p_l_a_n_e________________________________ 4) vehicles _________________________________________________________ _t_ig_e__r,__b_e_a__r,_e__le_p__h_a_n_t_,_p__a_n_t_h_e_r____________________________ 5) wild animals _________________________________________________________ _s_a_r_e_e_,__p_a_n_t_,_T_-_s_h_ir_t,__sk_i_rt___________________________________ 6) clothes _________________________________________________________ (Accept all valid responses.) Module 7 13

Wordplay If we replace ‘d’ in the word food with ‘t’, what new word do we form? Ans. t food foot If we replace ‘n’ in the word man with ‘t’, what new word do we form? Ans. t man mat Page 100 If we replace 'o' in the word hot with 'a', what new word do we form? Ans. a hot hat Exercise 2.2: Change a letter in each word to form a new word. Colour the circle of the letter you are changing. One is done for you. 1) c a k e – lake 2) c a g e – _c_a_m__e_____________ 3) c a r e – c__a_r_t ______________ 4) s a m e – _so__m_e______________ 5) s e l l – t_e_l_l _______________ 6) b e a t – _b_o_a__t _____________ (Accept all valid responses.) 14

Grammar Verbs Underline the main verbs and circle the helping verbs in the sentences given below. 1) Do you want this book? 2) Shreya is visiting Jaipur today. 3) They were cooking together. 4) Does Heena know you? Page 101 Remember ¾ Verbs are action words. They show the action that the noun does.  ([DPSOHV‡  $QXSdraws beautiful pictures. ‡ 7KHÁRZHUVare fresh. ¾ The verbs ‘is’, ‘are’, 'am', ‘was’, ‘were’ are also known as 'be' verbs. When these verbs are used with another verb they become helping verbs.  ([DPSOHV‡  6KHis sick today. ‡ ,am happy. ¾ Helping verbs do not show any action but help the main verbs to complete their meanings. The helping verbs that you have learnt are ‘is’, ‘are’, 'am', ‘was’, ‘were’, ‘do’ and ‘does’.  ([DPSOHV‡ +Hwas playing in the park. ‡ 6KHis feeling unwell. Exercise 3.1: Underline the main verbs and circle the helping verbs in the given paragraph. One is done for you. Meena loves dancing. She attends dance classes every week. Meena is practising for a dance competition in this picture. She is enjoying herself. Module 7 15

Parts of a sentence—subject, verb and object A sentence is made up of three parts. Sentence Subject Verb Object It is what or whom the It is the activity or It is the receiver of the sentence is about; it is action of the subject. subject's action—the somebody or something who/that does the action. thing or the person who is acted upon. Observe the subjects, verbs and objects in a few sentences. Sentence Subject Verb Object Page 102 The snake caught a frog. The snake caught a frog. The children are singing songs. The children are singing songs. He was playing the guitar. He was playing the guitar. The students wear uniforms. The students wear uniforms. 16

Subject and predicate Read the following sentences. The family saw the The dog chased the cat. The girls met Rohan. giraffe. A sentence can be separated into two parts: Page 103 Subject Predicate (verb+object) S VO The person or thing that we are talking about is known as the subject. Something more about that person or The subject is the doer of the action. thing is the predicate. This part states what the subject is or does. It always begins with a verb. Look at the table below for some more examples of subjects and predicates. Subject Predicate The words in bold are verbs. The family ate lunch. The dog was wearing a collar. The girls sang songs. Rohan eats cornflakes for breakfast. Module 7 17

Remember A meaningful and complete sentence needs both the subject and the predicate. Exercise 3.2: Split the sentences into their subjects, verbs and objects. Then, tick the words that make up the subjects. Put stars on the words that make up the predicates. One is done for you. Page 104 Sentence Subject Verb Object 1) The lion chased the 9   mouse. The lion chased the mouse. 2) The men are 9   washing clothes. The men are washing clothes. 3) Ravi is flying a kite. 9   Ravi is flying a kite. 4) The monkeys wore red caps. 9   The monkeys wore red caps. 5) Sheela ate a banana. 9   Sheela ate a banana. 6) Sheela kicked the ball. 9   Sheela kicked the ball. Exercise 3.3: Rearrange the words to make meaningful sentences. Circle the subjects and underline the predicates of the sentences. One is done for you. 1) apple/shiny/the/looks Ans. The apple looks shiny. 18

Page 105 2) was/bottle/table/the/kept/the/on Ans. The bottle was kept on the table. 3) guilty/judge/him/found/the Ans. The judge found him guilty. 4) those/themselves/helps/help/God/who Ans. God helps those who help themselves. 5) Mumbai/morning/I/tomorrow/leave/for/will Ans. I will leave for Mumbai tomorrow morning. 6) friends/best/of/one/is/he/my Ans. He is one of my best friends. Module 7 19

Exercise 3.4: Fill in the blanks with suitable subjects or predicates. One is done for you. 1) The girl is playing football. 2) The river ____________is_l_o_n_g__a__n_d__w_i_d_e____________. 3) _______________T_h__is_s_t_o_r_y_______________ is really interesting. 4) _________________M__a_n_i_k________________ threw the ball. 5) The Sun __________is__fa__r_f_ro__m__t_h_e__E_a_r_th__. _________. 6) ______________M__y__p_a_r_e_n__ts______________ are extremely sweet! (Accept all valid responses.) Formal Writing Page 106 Message writing When an event is planned people send invitations to request their family and friends to be a part of the event. You can write a short message to accept or reject the invitation. Here are some sentence starters that you can use in a message. Saying 'yes' to an invitation That’s very kind of you. Thank you for the invitation. I would like to… I would love to come. Saying 'no' to an invitation I am so sorry, but I won't be able to come. I'd love to come, but... Unfortunately… I am sorry, but I don’t think I can… I wish I could, but …. 20

Page 107 Your close friend is celebrating her ninth birthday and has invited you to a party. Here is a sample message that says that you cannot accept the invitation. Sorry I cannot be there at the party 15 December 5:30 P.M. Dear Sampriti, Thank you so much for inviting me to your birthday party! I would have loved to attend, but I have some plans with my grandparents the same night as your party. Since these plans were made earlier, I cannot cancel them now. I'm really sorry to inform you that I will not be able to come. Hope you have a great party! Happy birthday in advance. Love, Srikar Exercise 4: Your friend Imran's mother, Mrs Aziz, has invited you to watch the movie Wall-E at their house. Write a message accepting the invitation. ____E_x_c_i_te__d_t_o__w__a_t_c_h__th__e__m_o__v_ie__! __ _1_7_S_e__p_t_e_m__b_e__r _________________ _6_:0_0__p_._m__. __________ _D_e_a__r _Im__r_a_n__a_n__d_A__u_n_t_y_,_________ _Th__a_n_k__y_o_u__s_o__m_u__c_h__fo__r _in_v__it_in_g__m__e__t_o_w__a_t_c_h__t_h_e__m__o_v_i_e_W__a__ll_-E__a_t_y__o_u_r_h_o__u_s_e_.____ _I _h_a_v_e__b_e__e_n__e_a__g_e_r_ly__w_a__it_in__g_t_o__w__a_t_c_h__it_a__s_I_lo__v_e__a_n_i_m__a_t_io_n__m__o_v_i_e_s_.____________ _I _w_i_ll_b_r_in__g_a__f_e_w___sn__a_c_k_s__w_i_th__m__e__w_h__e_n__I _c_o_m__e__. _S_e_e__y_o_u__t_o_m__o_r_ro__w_!______________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _Lo__v_e_,__________________________ _H_a_r_s_h_ik_a________________________ Module 7 21

Creative Writing Diary entry Many people keep diaries. A diary is a book in which one can write about things that happen in their day-to-day lives, or special events. Many people write diary entries almost every day. People share their thoughts, feelings, hopes and dreams in their diaries. Look at a sample of a diary entry. Page 108 Greeting Friday, 11 November Day and date Name Dear Diary, Contents of the diary entry Today was such a horrible day! Diary entries are Nothing went right! I wish I could always written in the do it all over again. First, I forgot first person, that is that I had to wear my white shoes with the pronoun 'I'. today. Mr Zubeidar, the strict sports teacher, made me run three rounds of the ground before the assembly! Three! Then, I went to the classroom to find that I was late for the class. So, my class teacher made me stand outside the class. I have never had a worse day in my life! I hope such a day never repeats. Farhan 22

Page 109 Exercise 5: Fill in the blanks with words, phrases or sentences to complete the diary entry. ___________F_ri_d_a_y_________________, _______1_7_______ May Dear ___________D__ia_r_y_________, I had a very interesting experience yesterday. I was playing with my friends, _____________A_n_e__e_s_h_____________ and ______________T_a__ra_______________ when a little kitten ___________________________ju_m__p_e__d__in__t_o_p__la__y_w__it_h__u_s__________________________. I named her Barfi. When Mummy come home from work, _s_h_e__s_a_w__B_a__rf_i _a_n_d__a__sk_e__d__m__e_t_o__s_e_n_d__h_e__r _a_w__a_y_ __________________________________________________________________________________. I begged her to let me keep Barfi. Finally, she said I could if Barfi did not belong to anyone. _S_o_h__a_il_________________ Module 7 23

Module 8 Page 141 Section Name What I Will Learn Dictation Sentence dictation Vocabulary Synonyms Grammar Tenses Formal Writing Explanatory writing Creative Writing Dialogue writing Dictation Exercise 1: Sentence dictation 1) My mother is a strict but kind woman. 2) The boy read the book with an attentive mind. 3) The cruel girl mistreated the stray dogs. 4) She has big dreams of writing her own book. 5) The people protested against the cutting of trees. 2442

P Vocabulary Q R Synonyms Page 142 A synonym is a word or a group of words that has the same meaning or a similar meaning as another word. Exercise 2.1: Match the words in Column A with their synonyms in Column B. One is done for you. Column A Column B 1) brave a) inexpensive 2) cheap b) uneven 3) sharp c) odd 4) strange d) pointed 5) rough e) timid 6) shy f) courageous Module 8 25

Page 143 Exercise 2.2: Replace the underlined words in the following sentences with suitable synonyms. One is done for you. 1) Kabir shut the door behind him. Ans. Kabir closed the door behind him. 2) Meena wears beautiful dresses. Ans. _M__e_e_n__a_w__e_a__rs__p_r_e_t_ty__d_r_e_s_s_e_s_._______________________ ___________________________________________________ 3) We must behave ourselves and not be impolite. Ans. W__e__m__u_s_t_b__e_h_a_v__e_o__u_r_se__lv_e_s__a_n_d__n_o__t_b_e__r_u_d_e__. __________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ 4) I was very unhappy when my dog died. Ans. I_w__a_s__v_e_r_y_s_a_d__w__h_e__n_m__y__d_o__g_d__ie_d__.____________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ 5) Mira helped the aged woman to cross the road. Ans. M__i_ra__h_e__lp_e__d__th_e__o__ld__w__o_m__a_n__t_o_c__ro__ss__th__e__ro_a__d_._________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ 6) The wealthy merchant built a big house. Ans. T_h_e__r_ic__h_m__e_r_c_h__a_n_t_b__u_il_t_a__b_i_g__h_o_u_s_e_.___________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ (Accept all valid responses.) 26

Grammar Tenses Read the sentences given below. Sam paints every day. Neha and Atif go to school My grandfather reads at seven o’clock. the newspaper in the afternoon. Page 144 All these sentences describe actions that happen regularly or often. They are in the simple present tense. Can you think of an action that you do every day? Write a sentence for the activity that you do. 1) I drink a glass of milk every day. Module 8 27

Remember ¾ The simple present tense describes habits, events and actions that happen regularly or things that are always true. Rule: subject + base verb (+ '-s'/'-es') + object ¾ Add ‘-s’ or ‘-es’ to verbs that follow ‘he’, ‘she’, ‘it’ and singular nouns. ¾ Do not add ‘-s’ or ‘-es’ to verbs that come after ‘I’, ‘we’, ‘you’, ‘they’ or plural nouns. Examples:  ‡ +HHQDjogs every morning.  ‡ :Hgo to Varanasi every year. Read the sentences given below. Page 145 It rained last week. I cleaned my room Nupur mopped the floor yesterday. last night. All these sentences talk about finished or completed actions. They are in the simple past tense. Write an action that you did yesterday. 1) I played football yesterday. 28

Remember ¾ The simple past tenseGHVFULEHVDFWLRQVWKDWDUHÀQLVKHGRUFRPSOHWHG Rule: subject + past tense form of verb + object ¾ The past tense forms of most words are made by adding ‘-d’, ‘-ed’ (or ‘-ied’ for some words that end in ‘-y’). Examples:  ‡ 7KH\\kicked the football hard.  ‡ -RKQcried when he hurt his knee. ¾ In the simple past tense, the following happen: is and am was are were Examples:  ‡ $]DUPLis tired. $]DUPLwas tired. Page 146  ‡ ,am sleepy. I was sleepy last night.  ‡ 7KHVWXGHQWVare late for class. The students were late for class. Irregular verbs in the past tense Till now, we have only read about regular verbs that are changed to the past WHQVHIRUPE\\DGGLQJ¶G·¶HG·RU¶LHG·+RZHYHUPDQ\\YHUEVFKDQJHWRWKHSDVW tense form without following any fixed rule. Such verbs are called irregular verbs. Read and remember the following list of irregular verbs and their past tense forms. Base verb Past tense form Base verb Past tense form (present tense (present tense came ate form) found form) got gave made come eat find get give make Module 8 29

Base verb Past tense form Base verb Past tense form (present tense (present tense met said form) saw form) sat took told meet began say broke see sang sit won take tell begin break sing win Some verbs are the same in the present tense and the past tense. Examples: ‡ FXW²FXW    ‡ SXW²SXW    ‡ KLW²KLW Page 147 Exercise 3.1: Fill in the blanks with the correct past tense forms of the irregular verbs given in brackets. One is done for you. 1) Sumit fell (fall) down two days ago. 2) I ___________g__o_t___________ (get) my report card yesterday. 3) Nita _________t_h_o__u_g_h_t_________ (think) that she had missed her bus. 4) Rohit ___________t_o_o_k___________ (take) the library book home. 5) Luke ____________p_u__t __________ (put) the kettle on the stove. 6) I ____________sa__t___________ (sit) by the seashore. 30

Read the sentences given below. I will go to the swimming We will travel by train next Kiri will dance at the show on Sunday. pool tomorrow. week. All these sentences talk about actions or events that will happen later. They are in the simple future tense. Write about an action that you plan to do next week. 1) I will meet my grandmother next week. Page 148 Remember ¾ The simple future tense describes actions or events that will happen later or in the future. ¾ It also tells us about promises, decisions or hopes about a later time. Rule: subject + will + base verb + object Examples:  ‡ ,will become a pilot when I grow up.  ‡ ,will give you the book tomorrow. ¾ To talk about events or actions that will NOT happen, we use the word ‘not’ between ‘will’ and the ‘base verb’. Example:  ‡ :Hwill not go to Madurai this year. ¾ We can also use the words ‘going to’ to talk about future events. Examples:  ‡ 7KH\\DUHgoing to go to Goa in October.  ‡ 6KHLVgoing to meet her best friend on Saturday. Module 8 31

Read the sentences given below. Aryan is making I am reading my favourite They are playing breakfast. book. cricket in the park. Page 149 All these sentences talk about actions or events that are happening right now. They are in the present continuous tense. Remember ¾ The present continuous tense describes actions that are taking place at the time of speaking. Rule: subject + is/am/are + '-ing' form of the verb + object Examples:  ‡ %LOOXis giving Koko a haircut.  ‡ ,am doing my English homework.  ‡ 7KHELUGVDUHÁ\\LQJ in the sky. Exercise 3.2: Follow the instructions and rewrite the sentences. One is done for you. 1) The lion hunted in the jungle. (Change this to the simple future tense.) Ans. The lion will hunt in the jungle. 32

Page 150 2) Kira looks for her pen. (Change this to the present continuous tense.) Ans. Kira is looking for her pen. 3) Saif will visit his grandmother. (Change this to the simple past tense.) Ans. Saif visited his grandmother. 4) Rajat drank his juice before breakfast. (Change this to the simple present tense.) Ans. Rajat drinks his juice before breakfast. 5) We enjoyed our ice cream cones. (Change this to the simple future tense.) Ans. We will enjoy our ice cream cones. 6) They will greet us. (Change this to the present continuous tense.) Ans. They are greeting us. Past continuous tense—what was happening before? Read the following sentences. The dog was barking It was raining heavily last We were reading because it was hungry. night. together at midnight. These sentences talk about actions that went on for some time in the past. They are in the past continuous tense. Module 8 33

Remember ¾ In the past continuous tense as well, we use the -ing form of the verb. ¾ + RZHYHUZHXVH¶ZDV·RU¶ZHUH·EHIRUHWKH¶LQJ·IRUPRIWKHYHUE was for ‘I’, ‘he’, ‘she’, ‘it’ and singular nouns were for ‘you’, ‘we’, ‘they’ and plural nouns Rule: subject + was/were + ‘-ing’ form of verb + object Examples:  ‡ ,was studying for my exam.  ‡ $\\DQwas listening to music.  ‡ <RXwere sleeping in the afternoon yesterday.  ‡ :Hwere brushing our teeth. Page 151 Exercise 3.3: Complete each sentence by changing the base verb in brackets to its past continuous form. One is done for you. 1) The children were learning a new song. (learn) 2) Ajay _____________w_a__s_t_a_lk_i_n_g_____________ on the telephone. (talk) 3) The students ____________w_e__re__w__a_i_ti_n_g__________ for the bus. (wait) 4) My father __________w_a__s_w__ri_ti_n_g__________ a letter to his friend. (write) 5) She ____________w_a__s_r_u_n_n_i_n_g____________ very fast. (run) 6) My friends ___________w__e_r_e_p__la__y_in_g___________ football yesterday. (play) 34

Page 152 Exercise 3.4: Draw a star over the verbs that are in the simple past tense. Underline the verbs that are in the past continuous tense. One is done for you.  <RXwere working all day yesterday.  2) It snowed last winter.  3) We drank lemonade at the party.  4) The teacher explained the sum. 5) Eddy and Lisa were looking out of the window. 6) I was watching a movie with my friend last night. Formal Writing Explanatory writing Exercise 4: Write a paragraph to explain how a sandwich is made. Hints: ‡ :KDWW\\SHRIVDQGZLFKLVLW\" ‡ :KDWWKLQJVGR\\RXQHHGWRPDNHWKHVDQGZLFK\" ‡ :KDWDUHWKHVWHSVWREHIROORZHGIURPWKHVWDUWWRWKH ÀQLVK\" ‡ $UHWKHUHDQ\\LPSRUWDQWWKLQJVWRNHHSLQPLQGZKLOH making the sandwich? These are the steps for making a vegetable sandwich. We need bread, butter, green FKXWQH\\FXFXPEHUVWRPDWRHVDQGRQLRQV7RPDNHWKHVDQGZLFKZHÀUVWFXWWKH cucumbers, tomatoes and onions into thin slices. Next, we take two slices of bread Module 8 35

Page 153 and spread butter on them. After this, we apply the green chutney on both slices. We must be careful while doing this step, as too much chutney might make the sandwich very spicy. Next, we arrange the cucumber, tomato and onion slices on one of the slices, and cover it with the other slice. Lastly, we cut the sandwich neatly into two parts so it is easier to eat it. We can eat this sandwich with tomato ketchup. It tastes delicious! 36

Page 154 Creative Writing Dialogue writing Exercise 5: Write a dialogue between two friends about their favourite Indian food items. Use the hints given below. Hints: ‡ 0DNHVXUHWKHIULHQGVJUHHWHDFKRWKHU ‡ 7 KH\\VKRXOGWKHQVWDUWWDONLQJDERXWWKHLUIDYRXULWH,QGLDQIRRGLWHP ‡ 7 KH\\FDQGLVFXVVZKLFKVWDWHVWKHLU favourite food items are from. ‡ 7 KH\\VKRXOGPHQWLRQZK\\WKRVHIRRG items are their favourites. ‡ 7 KHIULHQGVVKRXOGPHQWLRQKRZWKHLU favourite food items are made. ‡ 7 KHIULHQGVVKRXOGHQGWKHGLVFXVVLRQ by saying goodbye to each other. Arsh:+HOOR9LQL+RZKDYH\\RXEHHQ\" Vini:+HOOR$UVK6RJRRGWRVHH\\RXDIWHUVRORQJ,·PÀQHKRZDUH\\RX\" Arsh: I’m good too. We went to my aunt’s house for lunch today; she made all my favourite dishes. They were all so delicious! Vini: Oh really, what did she cook? Arsh: She made her special biryani. It is a dish from the city of Lucknow, in the state of Uttar Pradesh. It has rice, chicken and some fried onions. I love the way it smells! Vini: That sounds delicious! I like biryani. I had a very tasty lunch too. Arsh: What did you have? Module 8 37

Page 155 Vini: My mother made some lemon rice and rasam. These are dishes from the state of Karnataka, where my mother grew up. Lemon rice is made with onions too but has no chicken. Rasam is like a sour and spicy soup. These are my favourite dishes to eat on the weekend. Arsh:%RWKRIWKHPVRXQGGHOLFLRXV,ZRXOGORYHWRWDVWHWKHP Vini: I will ask my mother to make them again next Sunday, and we will invite you home for lunch. Would you like to come? Arsh: Thank you so much, Vini. I would love to come. Vini: 2ND\\,ZLOOVHH\\RXQH[W6XQGD\\WKHQ%\\H Arsh:%\\H6HH\\RXVRRQ 38

Module 9 Page 43 Section Name What I Will Learn Dictation Word dictation Vocabulary Outdoor games and activities Grammar Adverbs Formal Writing Friendly letter Creative Writing Write a rhyme Dictation Exercise 1: Word dictation 1) patience 2) creativity 3) instructions 4) recipe 5) vendors 6) sprigs 7) stir 8) sprinkle 9) garnish Module 1 1

P Vocabulary Q R Outdoor games and activities frisbee Page 44 Some games and activities can be played or done outside, and some can be played or done inside. Games or activities that can be played or done outside are called outdoor games and activities. Some examples of outdoor games and activities are frisbee, hopscotch, cricket, football and kho-kho. Exercise 2.1: Fill in the missing letters in the names of the given outdoor games and activities to complete the word search puzzle. One is done for you. 1) I F Z Q X P G C N L P F Z W C V E U J Y H I K I NGG R L S E T B MM T E N N I S Y D OQ Y A X V S J B T MW X I CG X HIKING N Z WH R Y G T P S E U NWG 2) GQ T O R N A S I F Z I QW P J S C PM Z QH N T D K DGC N P O S M S OQG I D H B R D GF HCE I UNRQLO I S D _G__ O __L_ _F__ O I WO S P D X I F G K L Z Z L S N T R B S N E K K H Y MM 3) F H Y C O W B M J E L O O C N X I S H HWD L T R F J O J B F NNNA S K F Y V POS CV NGO P GO X E E GN U B T N __F_ __I _ __S_ H _I__ N _G__ 4) 5) 6) H _O__ _P__ S _C__ _O__ T _C__ _H__ __T_ _E__ N _N__ __I _ S K _H__ _O__ - _K__ H _O__ 2

Exercise 2.2: Match the words with the correct pictures. 1) horse riding a) 2) cycling b) 3) basketball c) Page 45 4) swimming d) 5) badminton e) 6) judo f) Module 9 3

Grammar Adverbs She ran slowly. He spoke angrily. The children played gladly. Page 46 Look at the words ‘slowly’, ‘impatiently’ and ‘gladly’. All of these words show how the actions of ‘running’, ‘speaking’ and ‘playing’ were done. Such words are known as adverbs. Adverbs tell us when, where, why or how an action happens. Exercise 3.1: The action words or verbs in the given sentences are underlined. Circle the adverbs that describe the verbs. One is done for you. 1) My granny smiled kindly at me. 2) He answered the question shyly. 3) The Sun shines brightly. 4) Jamal walked home quickly. 5) They came home safely. 6) Rama spoke rudely to her sister. 4

Adverbs of manner There are many types of adverbs. An adverb that shows the way or manner in which an action is done is called an adverb of manner. Adverbs of manner answer the question ‘How?’ Examples: Jenny finished her work Rahul drove the car well. Amita sings beautifully. quickly. How does Amita sing? How did Rahul drive the How did Jenny finish her car? work? Page 47 quickly well beautifully Exercise 3.2: Look at the pictures. Colour the stars with the adverb of manner that suits each picture the best. One is done for you. 1) slowly angrily fast The snail crawls _______. softly quickly angrily 2) They are in the library. So, they are talking _______. Module 9 5