202110193-APEX-STUDENT-WORKBOOK-ENGLISH-G08-PART1

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Table of Contents Unit Theme Content Page No. 1. Family 2-37 A. The Tattered Blanket 2. Humanity B. My Mother 3. Art and Culture C. A Letter to a Friend CCE Based Practice Questions A. The Selfish Giant (Part I) 38-77 B. The Selfish Giant (Part II) C. The Garden Within CCE Based Practice Questions A. The Story of Ikat 78-97 Extra CCE Examination – based Material 98 - 111 1

FAMILY SESSION 1 THE TATTERED BLANKET – READING 1.1 Reading and Comprehension - Word Meaning Noun irritation Kesariyogam annoyance, anger well settled (in Malayalam) Adjective tattered torn futile unsuccessful, having no purpose because there is no chance of success Verb screwing up eyes narrowing the eyes to huddled look more carefully held arms and legs close because of fear or cold mumbling pull on _ to speak or say stay alive something in a quiet (here) voice in a way that is not clear UNIT 1 FAMILY 2

Adverb LESSON A-THE TATTERED BLANKET reluctantly exasperatedly unwillingly; not willing to very annoyedly do something Idiom on one’s toes busy, ready to work; always on tours (here) 1.2 Reading and Comprehension - Summary ’The Tattered Blanket’ is a story about Gopi who is a Government Officer in Delhi, and his mother and sister who live in the village. His mother is old and is suffering from dementia (memory loss). Gopi makes a sudden visit to his village on the way back from his tour to meet his mother and sister. His sister, Kamala, tells him how their mother often enquires about him. However, Gopi had come to the village to sell his share of the property so as to keep up his status. When Kamala comes to know the reason behind Gopi’s visit, she is angry that he has no concern for their mother. He retorts that their mother does not remember him anyway. Then Kamala asks Gopi, “But do you remember your mother?” This story tells us that one must not forget one's parents and should care for them, especially during their old age. In this story, we can see how relations are degrading in our society. ‘The Tattered Blanket’ symbolises the tattered heart of the mother. 1.3 Reading and Comprehension - About the Author Kamala Das (1932 –2009) is the daughter of the famous Malayalam poet, Balamani Amma and V.M. Nair. She is an internationally known poet, short–story writer, and novelist, who writes effortlessly both in English and Malayalam. She received many awards for her literary work. Some of them are the Asian Poetry Prize, the Kent Award for English Writing from Asian Countries, the Asian World Prize, the Sahitya Academy Award and the Vayalar Rama Varma Sahitya Award. UNIT 1 FAMILY 3

SESSION 2 THE TATTERED BLANKET – LITERATURE 2.1 Literature - QA Q1. Why didn’t the mother recognise Gopi? How did he feel? A. Gopi’s mother had lost her memory. She was suffering from dementia so she could not recognise her son. Gopi was not bothered about it. He did not even express his grief or shock over this. Q2. Why do you think Gopi didn’t get anything for his mother? A. Gopi had come to his village with his own agenda and for his selfish reasons. So, he had not thought of getting anything for his mother. Q3. The mother could not remember Gopi. Do you think Gopi remembered his mother? What does it suggest? A. I do not think Gopi remembered his mother. He had not written any letter to his mother for a year. He did not visit her for more than five years. This shows his sheer ingratitude, apathy, and irresponsibility towards his mother. Q4. What is meant by the expression the ‘tattered blanket’? A. The tattered blanket literally means the blanket that is torn. Here the expression ‘the tattered blanket’ symbolises the broken heart of the mother, who has grown old waiting to see her beloved son. Q5. Why didn’t Gopi answer his sister’s question, “Do you remember Amma?” A. Gopi does not have any concern for his mother. It has been a year since he wrote a letter to his mother and more than five years since he saw her. He knew that he had made a grave mistake and so, he had no answer to his sister’s question, “Do you remember Amma?” Q6. If you were Gopi’s sister, how would you respond to his behaviour? A. Subjective response. UNIT 1 FAMILY 4

SESSION 3 THE TATTERED BLANKET – VOCABULARY 3.1 Vocabulary Q1. Fill in the blanks with the most appropriate words from the box. Remember, the box has some extra words. irritation huddled awkwardly futile vacation mumbling reluctantly exasperatedly i. All my attempts to make him happy proved . ii. It was very cold. So, I in a corner. iii. Forced by her parents, Sita took the diploma course. iv. What are you ? I can’t hear you. v. The news that he was denied promotion caused to him. A. i. All my attempts to make him happy proved futile. ii. It was very cold. So, I huddled in a corner. iii. Forced by her parents, Sita reluctantly took the diploma course. iv. What are you mumbling? I can’t hear you. v. The news that he was denied promotion caused irritation to him. Tick ( ) the words that are similar in meaning to the underlined words. Q2. His mother made a futile attempt to get up. a. barren b. limited c. useless d. empty A. c. useless UNIT 1 FAMILY 5

Q3. It’s all tattered now. LESSON A-THE TATTERED BLANKET a. spoiled A. d. torn b. old A. c. fog c. dirty A. d. tied d. torn Q4. There is a cold mist in the mornings. a. ice b. snow c. fog d. win Q5. It’s just like a ball of knotted yarn. a. very small b. rounded tightly c. joined d. tied Q6. I can’t make both ends meet with my salary. A. c. earn just enough money a. earn a lot of money b. spend a lot of money c. earn just enough money d. give all that one has UNIT 1 FAMILY 6

SESSION 4 THE TATTERED BLANKET – GRAMMAR 4.1 Grammar I. Phrases, Noun Phrase and Noun Phrase in Apposition Look at the following sentence from the text and observe the underlined part. He was a bald, fat, middle–aged man. Discussion: Which word in the underlined part is important? The underlined part in the above sentence has more than one word. It is called a phrase. The underlined part ‘a bald, fat middle–aged man’ functions as a Noun Phrase. Here the word ‘man’ is important and all other words add more information to that word. So, it is called a Noun Phrase. Q1. Identify some more noun phrases from the story and write them below. A. 1. The tattered blanket 2. Her eldest daughter 3. Her wrinkled cheeks Q2. Complete the sentences with noun phrases using the words given in brackets. i. I bought . (beautiful/ a/ umbrella/ red) ii. We saw in the zoo. (baby/ a/ elephants/ of/ couple) iii. Our grandfather lives in a . (big/ house/ stone–built) iv. Ramya has . (nice/ a/ sari/ silk) A. i. I bought a beautiful red umbrella. (beautiful/ a/ umbrella/ red) ii. We saw a couple of baby elephants in the zoo. (baby/ a/ elephants/ of/ couple) iii. Our grandfather lives in a big stone–built house. (big/ house/ stone–built) iv. Ramya has a nice silk sari. (nice/ a/ sari/ silk) Noun Phrase in Apposition Look at the following sentences and observe the underlined part in each sentence. i. Kamala, her eldest daughter, a widow, got up reluctantly. ii. Don’t you remember Vimala, District collector Nambiar’s eldest daughter? The underlined part in the above sentences refers to the noun that occurs before it. These underlined parts are called Noun Phrases in Apposition. UNIT 1 FAMILY 7

LESSON A-THE TATTERED BLANKET Q3. Rewrite the following sentences using noun phrases in apposition. i. Mahesh is my elder brother. He lives in Delhi. ii. Sarojini Naidu is popularly known as the Nightingale of India. She wrote many poems in English. iii. Rabindranath Tagore is called Gurudev. He was awarded the Nobel Prize for literature in 1913. iv. Mount Everest is the highest peak in the world. It is located in Nepal. A. i. Mahesh, my elder brother, lives in Delhi. ii. Sarojini Naidu, the Nightingale of India, wrote many poems in English. iii. Rabindranath Tagore, Gurudev, was awarded the Noble Prize for literature in 1913. iv. Mount Everest, the highest peak in the world, is located in Nepal. UNIT 1 FAMILY 8

SESSION 5 THE TATTERED BLANKET – WRITING 5.1 Writing Q. Read the following paragraph, taken from the story. Delhi is too expensive. You know I have four children to look after now. I can’t make both ends meet with my salary. And one has to keep up one’s status. It will be a great help if I can raise some money by selling my share of the family property. I came to talk it over with you. Now, write a short essay on how to keep up family ties despite economic pressures. (You may use the hints given below.) i. The impact of economic pressures ii. Lack of time to spend with the family iii. Lack of love and affection iv. An absence of human relationships A. In today’s modern society, most families face certain economic pressures in trying to make ends meet. Parents wish to give their children a good education, while keeping up their social status, trying to fulfill basic necessities and enjoy all the comforts of modern life. This forces them to earn more money to fulfill all their desires and thus, they work round the clock. This fast-paced stressful life leaves no room for interaction with their immediate family nor their relatives and friends. Parents are too tired to even talk to their children at the end of the day. Very often, their stress leads to illness. Children do not get to meet their relatives and feel cut off from human relationships. Sadly, though they grow up in luxury, such children lack the skill to mingle in society and build caring relationships. Despite economic pressures, we can keep up family ties. We must remember and respect the hardships our parents had to go through so that we can enjoy the fruits of life. We must try to stay in touch with them, visit them and attend family functions. We should not leave them alone in their old age and should take responsibility of taking care of them and serve them with love and respect. Despite tremendous economic pressures, we should try to maintain a balance between our work and family to maintain healthy social life and human relationships. We should find enough time to spend with the members of our family. UNIT 1 FAMILY 9

SESSION 6 THE TATTERED BLANKET – STUDY AND LISTENING 6.1 Study and Listening Study Skills I. Family related information. Q1. Is yours a nuclear or a joint family? A. My family is (nuclear or joint family). Q2. Now write a paragraph describing the types of families using the information given in the above tree diagram. A. There are two types of families. One is a nuclear family and the other is a joint family. The nuclear family consists of father, mother and their children, while a joint family consists of father, mother, children and their extended families. Q3. Write which type of family you prefer and why. A. Subjective response. According to the information given in the above tree diagram, families are mainly two types. One is a nuclear family and the other is a joint family. UNIT 1 FAMILY 10

LESSON A-THE TATTERED BLANKET A nuclear family consists of the father, mother and their children. A joint family consists of father, mother, children and their extended families. Though nuclear families are easy to maintain and have greater financial stability, I prefer a joint family. In a joint family, we get the complete support of family members whenever needed. We can share our sorrows as well as joys with them. In a joint family, each and every member can share their opinions and take decisions jointly. Ceremonies and festivals are celebrated with fervour and enthusiasm. Growing up with cousins, uncles, aunts and grandparents will teach us virtues like sacrifice, sharing, tolerance, cooperation etc. Listening I. Listen to your teacher making an announcement and answer the following questions. ANNOUNCEMENT Prashanth, a thirteen–year–old boy has been missing since last Sunday. The boy was last seen wearing blue trousers and pink T–shirt. He can speak Telugu, Hindi and English. He has a fair complexion. He is fond of movies. His parents are very worried about him. Whoever finds Prashanth will be rewarded handsomely. You may contact the Sub–Inspector of Police, Vidya Nagar, Thiruvananthapuram. (Mobile No. 99XXXXXX00) Now answer the following questions: Q1. What is the announcement about? A. The announcement is about a missing thirteen–year–old boy named Prashanth. Q2. What are the features of Prashanth’s personality? A. Prasanth has a fair complexion. He can speak Telugu, Hindi and English. He is wearing blue trousers and pink T–shirt and he is fond of movies. Q3. Where do you generally hear to such announcements? A. We generally hear such announcements in huge congregations of people, such as jataras, melas, kumbhmelas, in huge processions, at railway stations, on radio, on TV and over loudspeakers. Q4. Think of some announcement you may make or hear at school. A. Sample response. The announcements I would make or listen to at school are as follows: UNIT 1 FAMILY 11

LESSON A-THE TATTERED BLANKET i. If you do not wear a uniform, you will not be allowed in the classroom. ii. Zonal sports will be conducted in school next week iii. Keep the school premises clean. Q5. What are the other ways to trace missing persons or things? A. The other ways to trace a missing person or thing are: i. Broadcasting the announcements through radio and TV. ii. Sticking posters carrying the photograph of the missing person. iii. Filing a complaint to the police. iv. Making announcements in weeklies, dailies etc. v. Making announcements over loudspeakers. UNIT 1 FAMILY 12

SESSION 7 MY MOTHER – READING 7.1 Reading and Comprehension - Word Meaning Noun shiuli scent small white or orange perfume / good smell flowers that bloom in autumn autumn morning service the season between morning prayer / summer and winter ceremony when leaves change colour gaze rocking look fixedly moving gently to and fro Verb hover remain in the air UNIT 1 FAMILY 13

LESSON B-MY MOTHER Adjective distant far away Preposition midst surrounded by people or things 7.2 Reading and Comprehension - Summary ”My Mother” is a poem written by “Gurudev” Rabindranath Tagore. He is one of the greatest poets of modern India. This poem reveals the deep emotional bond that the poet shared with his mother and the great influence that she had on him at that tender age. The poet recalls the memories associated with his from his early childhood. The poet lost his mother when he was very young. In this poem, the poet expresses his inability to recall the features of his mother. When the poet looks at his playthings, he seems to be able to hear a tune. Perhaps the poet’s mother often sang the same song (tune) when she rocked his cradle. He recalls the tune and his mother when he looks at his playthings. He recalls his mother when the scent of the shiuli flowers floats in the air in the early autumn morning. The scent of the morning prayer comes to him as the scent of his mother. His mother would use the flowers for the morning service at the temple. He recalls his mother when he looks into the distant sky from his bedroom. He feels the gaze of his mother on his face spreading all over the sky. 7.3 Reading and Comprehension - About the Author Rabindranath Tagore (1861–1941) is popularly known as Vishwakavi and Gurudev. He was the founder of Shantiniketan , an experimental school. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in literature for his ‘Gitanjali’, the Song of Offerings. Each of his poems reflects Indian vision and his love towards his Motherland. He is considered the Voice of Indian Heritage and Spiritualism. UNIT 1 FAMILY 14

SESSION 8 MY MOTHER – LITERATURE 8.1 Literature - QA Q1. How does the poet feel the presence of his mother? A. The poet feels the presence of his mother when he hears a tune in the middle of his play. His mother often sang the same tune when she rocked his cradle. He recalls his mother when the scent of the shiuli flowers floats up in the air in the early autumn morning. The scent of the morning prayer service comes to him as the scent of his mother. Again he feels the presence of his mother when he looks into the distant sky from his bedroom. He feels the gaze of his mother on his face has spread all over the sky. Q2. What do you understand from the statement 'I cannot remember my mother'? A. The statement 'I cannot remember my mother' here means that the poet cannot remember his mother because she died when he was very young. But it is impossible for him to completely forget his mother. Every sound, every fragrance, and every scene in nature reminds him of his mother. Q3. Does the poem convey sadness? If so, pick out the suggestive expressions. A. Yes, the poem conveys the sadness of the loss of a parent. The expressions that suggest the sadness are: i. 'I can’t remember my mother.' ii. 'I send my eyes into the blue of the distant sky.' iii. 'I feel that the stillness of my mother’s gaze.' Q4. What imagery do you find in each stanza? How does it appeal to you? A. Imagery Sense it Stanza appeals to 1. Mother rocking the cradle and singing Ears a song. 2. The scent of the morning service in Nose the temple. 3. Stillness of mother’s gaze that has Eyes spread all over the sky UNIT 1 FAMILY 15

LESSON B-MY MOTHER Q5. Read the poem ‘My Mother’ again and complete the table. A. Questions Stanza 1 Stanza 2 Stanza 3 Who are the Child and Poet as a Poet as the old persons mother grown–up and man and his involved? his mother dead mother Where does the In the At the temple In the bedroom action take playground place? What is the Rocking Worshipping Blessing her mother her child god son from associated heavens with? What is the The poet The poet recalls The poet feels theme? recalls his his mother his mother’s mother presence Q6. We all love our mothers, don’t we? We love her because of certain qualities. Think and write about those qualities. A. Yes, we all love our mothers very much. Some of the qualities of mothers are: i. A mother loves her children very much. ii. She shows a lot of patience. iii. She is a thoughtful, warm, loving and caring person. iv. She supports her children’s dreams. v. She defends her children against the world. vi. She shows unconditional love towards her children. vii. She sacrifices everything for the sake of her children. Q7. How would you choreograph the first stanza? a) What settings would you arrange? b) What are the characters and their actions? c) What is the sequence of actions? UNIT 1 FAMILY 16

LESSON B-MY MOTHER A. Subjective response. Sample response: a) In the first half of the background canvas, there could be a village scenery such as, farmers returning from the fields, bullock carts carrying grass and grain, the setting sun, flying birds and a tree. In the other half of the canvas, there could be a picture depicting a mother rocking her child in a cradle and singing a lullaby. b) The characters are the poet, and four or five playmates and the poet’s mother. The poet and his friends are playing. The mother’s actions change according to the stanza. c) Stanza Action of the main Action of the supporting 1 character team characters (a) The poet is playing. (b) He remembers his (a) Shouting and jumping mother sing a lullaby while in joy. rocking his cradle. (b) Keep watching the boy. (c) Become pale and feels (c) Pat the boy in sad empathy. (a) The boy is in the (a) The others are also in garden. the garden. (b) He is enjoying the (b) They are also enjoying 2 fragrance of shiuli flowers, the fragrance of flowers. (c) He recollects the (c) They are surprised by fragrance of his mother the sudden change of and feels sad. feelings of the boy. (a) The poet is gazing at the sky through the 3 window. (a) The mother keeps (b) He imagines the looking at him without stillness of his mother’s closing her eyes. gaze at him. (c) He feels sad. UNIT 1 FAMILY 17

SESSION 9 A LETTER TO A FRIEND – READING 9.1 Reading and Comprehension - Word Meaning Noun warrior boating a soldier or fighter who the activity of travelling is brave and in a small boat for experienced pleasure Verb apologise to tell someone that you have done something wrong; to say sorry Adverb hardly almost no at allt Adjective faded pale and unclear UNIT 1 FAMILY 18

LESSON C-A LETTER TO A FRIEND 9.2 Reading and Comprehension - Summary In ‘Letter to a Friend’, Ramesh writes a letter to his friend, Suresh. In his letter, he writes about his busy life. He then remembers his childhood days and the fun they used to have in school, playing gillidanda, kabaddi, and hide–and–seek with friends. He remembers the stories told by his grandparents and uncles. He then talks about how life has changed, from then to now. He also wonders at his child’s silence and that he always sits in front of the computer and plays games all day. He mentions that his child does not know his uncles and aunts. He misses the old days, his family, and the joy they felt. He says that they have lost their real world in this unreal world and that their world has shrunk. He is filled with regret and he feels very sad for staying away from all of them and their company. UNIT 1 FAMILY 19

SESSION 10 A LETTER TO A FRIEND – LITERATURE 10.1 Literature - QA Q1. How did Suresh and Ramesh spend their childhood? A. Suresh and Ramesh used to do all their work together. They played and participated in events together. They used to go to picnics to Koil Sagar and visit places like Srisailam. They used to go for a swim in the local tank every Sunday. They spent their time happily, listening to the tales told by their grandpa. Q2. Why did Ramesh’s family move to the city? A. Ramesh was working as a computer programmer in Microsoft, a software company in Hyderabad. His wife also worked as a System Analyst at Dell in Hyderabad. So his family moved to Hyderabad. Q3. What change did you observe in Ramesh? A. Ramesh is now leading a mechanical life. Constantly working with computers, he has started to think and live like a computer. He has forgotten his family. His apartment is his only world. He has lost his real life in this unreal world and he now finds the city life quite distasteful. Q4. Do you think Ramesh is happy in the city? Why? A. No, Ramesh is not happy in the city. He does not like his busy, mechanical life. He constantly thinks of his happy childhood days. He misses the love and affection shown to him by all the members of his family and the joy of being around them. He feels that he has lost the real meaning of life in the unreal world. Q5. What made Ramesh write to Suresh? A. Suresh had visited Hyderabad the week before, but Ramesh was unable to meet him because he had a meeting in his office. So he wrote a letter of apology to Suresh for not meeting him. UNIT 1 FAMILY 20

SESSION 12 THEME - FAMILY – SELF - ASSESSMENT 12.1 Self-Assessment How well have I understood this unit? Read and tick in the appropriate box. Indicators Yes Somewhat No I read and understood the text A. The Tattered Blanket B. My Mother C. A Letter to a Friend I was able to do the exercise given under ‘Vocabulary’. I was able to use the Noun Phrase and Noun Phrase in Apposition. I was able to write a short essay given under ‘Writing’. I was able to write a paragraph describing the types of families given under ‘Study Skills’. I was able to understand and able to choreograph the poem 'My Mother'. I listened to and understood ‘An Announcement on the Radio’ and answered the questions given under ‘Listening’. I was able to complete the ‘Project Work’. UNIT 1 FAMILY 21

THE TATTERED BLANKET ----------------- CCE Based Practice Questions ---------- CHAPTER – 1: THE TATTERED BLANKET Reading and Comprehension (Unseen Passage) Session 1 I. Read the following passage to answer the questions given below. Once, a beautiful young princess stood at the river of Ganga gazing at the rising sun. The beauty of the Sun God filled her heart with love. It seemed to her that nothing was more beautiful in this world than the Sun shining in the heavens. As she stood there deep in thought, she remembered the divine charm once given to her by a sage. She knew that by saying the words of the charm she could call even the Gods, who would bless her with children. “Can it be true?” thought the princess. “Can I call the Sun God to my side?” Before she knew what she was doing, she began whispering the magic words of the charm. I. Choose the correct option and write in the brackets. 1. Who stood on the rivers of Ganga? [ ] ] A. An old woman B. A young prince C. A beautiful princess 2. What was she gazing at? [ A. The setting sun B. The rising sun C. The moonlight II. Answer the following questions. 3. What filled her heart with love? 4. What did the sage give her? 5. What could she do by saying the words of the charm? 6. What would the Gods give her when the divine charm is uttered? Reading and Comprehension (Seen Passages) Session 2 I. Read the following passage to answer the questions given below. She saw a bald, fat middle-aged man walking in through the gate. 'Oh, Gopi!' She said in her grating voice. 'Why this sudden, unexpected visit?' 'Kamala, who is it?' Her mother asked loudly from the verandah. 'Gopi,' the man said, 'There was a meeting in Thiruvananthapuram. I just dropped in on my way back.' 'Who? Kamala, who is it?' There was a note of alarm in Amma's voice. a. Who was 'she'? How was 'she' related to Gopi? UNIT 1 FAMILY 22

THE TATTERED BLANKET b. Why did Kamala speak to Gopi in a grating voice? c. Where was Gopi coming from? d. Describe how Gopi looked after so many years. e. Why was Amma alarmed to hear the visitor's voice? II. Read the following passage to answer the questions given below. 'Amma is often like this these days. She doesn't recognise anybody,' Gopi's sister explained. 'But sometimes her memory is quite sharp. Then she asks me if you have sent any letter. I tell her everything is fine with you, Vimala and the kids. What is the point of telling her that you haven't written for a year? Poor thing! I wouldn't dream of making her unhappy.' 'I got a promotion last year. After that I am always on my toes. And there are tours quite often. I don't get any time to write letters.' a. What is Amma's condition? b. How could the speaker tell that Amma's memory is sharp sometimes? c. Why did Kamala not tell her mother the truth? What does this show about Kamala? d. What does Gopi mean when he says that he is always on his toes? e. What did Gopi's mother expect from her son? III. Read the following passage to answer the questions given below. Gopi placed his briefcase on the thinna . He opened it and pulled out the contents. Clothes, files, a shaving set... 'Do you know my son, Gopi?' Amma asked him. 'He is in Delhi... a Government Officer. He has Kesariyogam...He draws a salary of two thousand five hundred rupees. Do you know him? 'Yes, I know him?'. a. What did Gopi place on the thinna? b. Did the briefcase carry any article for Amma? What does this show about his visit? c. What did Amma ask the visitor? d. What does Amma mean by 'kesariyogam'? e. In what way was Gopi lucky? IV. Read the following passage to answer the questions given below. 'Delhi is too expensive. You know I have four children to look after now. I can't make both ends UNIT 1 FAMILY 23

THE TATTERED BLANKET meet with my salary. And one has to keep up one's status. It will be a great help if I can raise money by sellling my share of the family property. I came to talk it over with you.' 'You'll sell your land and go away with the money. I know you won't come here anymore after that.' 'Don't say that. I'll come when I get time.' a. Who lived and worked in Delhi? b. How did Gopi want to make ends meet and keep up his status? c. Who said this to whom: 'You'll sell your land and go away with the money'? d. Why did Gopi's sister dislike his plans of selling the land? e. What problems was Gopi facing in Delhi? V. Read the following passage to answer the questions given below. 'Tell him to send me a blanket. There is a cold mist in the mornings. If I catch cold, it doesn't leave me for a long time. Tell him to send a blanket, won't you? A red one. I had a blanket, the one he bought for me when he was studying in Madras. It is all tattered now, just a ball of knotted yarn. Tell him to send me a red blanket, will you?' a. Who is the speaker? b. Who is he/she speaking to? c. What does the speaker want? d. Why did the speaker want it? e. Who had brought the old blanket to the speaker? VI. Read the following passage to answer the questions given below. 'But sometimes her memory is quite sharp. Then she asks me if you have sent any letter. I tell her everything is fine with you, Vimala and the kids. What is the point of telling her that you haven't written for a year? a. Who is the speaker in these lines? b. How is the speaker related to Vimala? c. Who are the parents of the kids mentioned in the passage? d. Does Gopi ever writes letters? e. Who waits for Gopi's letters? UNIT 1 FAMILY 24

THE TATTERED BLANKET Vocabulary Session 3 I. Tick (9) the words that are similar in meaning to the underlined words. 1. 'Delhi is too (i) expensive. You know I have four children to look after now. I can't make both ends meet with my salary. And one has to keep up one's (ii) status. (i) A. costly B. recognition C. acceptance [] (ii) A. huge B. recognition C. position [] 2.'I got a (i) promotion last year. After that I am always on my toes. And there are (ii) tours quite often. (i) A. move away B. step up C. move in [] (ii) A. travel on work B. look around C. sightseeing [] 3. 'It is all (i) tattered now, just a ball of knotted (ii) yarn. ' (i) A. stitched B. thrown C. torn [] (ii) A. vegetables B. wool C. verandah [] 4. 'But Amma can't (i) remember who I am,' he said smiling (ii) feebly. (i) A. watched B. recall C. thought [] (ii) A. faintly B. sweetly C. kindly [] 5. When he (i) arrived unexpectedly at his home in the countryside in his office car and got down at the gate, his mother who was lying in an armchair on the verandah, made a (ii) futile attempt to get up. (i) A. journey B. reached C. travelled [] (ii) A. strange B. continue C. useless [] 6. The city of Allahabad in Uttar Pradesh is (i) famous for guavas. Guavas are (ii) rich in vitamin A, B2, B12 and vitamin C. (i) A. well-known B. funny C. sad [] (ii) A. tasty B. plenty C. money [] II. Tick (9) the words that are opposite in meaning to the underlined words. 1. 'Amma is (i) often like this these days. She doesn't recognise anybody,' Gopi's sister explained. ' But sometimes her memory is quite (ii) sharp. (i) A. soon B. rarely C. dozen [ ] ] (ii) A. blunt B. music C. painful [ 2. 'It will be a great help if i can (i) raise some money by (ii) selling my share of the family property. (i) A. hire B. feel C. lower [] (ii) A. picking B. buying C. aching [] UNIT 1 FAMILY 25

THE TATTERED BLANKET III. Fill in the blanks with the right form of the words given in brackets. 1. He ___________ (bend) down and________ (bring) his face close to her __________ (wrinkle) cheeks, 'Amma, it's me.' 2. After the ____________ (meet) in Thiruvananthapuram, I ______ (take) my office car and ___________ (rush) here to talk to you. 3. I had a blanket, the one he ________ (buy) for me when he was ________ (study) in Madras. It is all __________ (tatter) now, just a ball of __________ (knot) yarn. 4. With our four ________ (grow) __________ (child), in an __________ (expense) city like Delhi , Vimala and I are ___________ (work) hard to make ends meet. IV. Arrange the following sets of word under the correct headings. 1. Place Delhi, kids, Vimala, thinna People 1. 1. 2. 2. 2. briefcase, poet, towel, Amma Things People 1. 1. 2. 2. 3. armchair, countryside, Chennai, gate Things Place 1. 1. 2. 2. V. Complete the following words using ai, ei, ie, ea. 1. i. p__ nt ii. gr__t 2. i. armch__r ii. pl__se ii. dec__ve 3. i. fr___nd ii. rec__pt 4. i. sc__ce ii. dr__m 5. i. ch__t ii. r__se 6. i. br__fcase VI. Find the word which is wrongly spelt. Rewrite it in the space provided 1. neibour, attempt, cradle, sudden ( ) 2. futile, distant, computer, terible ( ) 3. famous, delite, humour, simple ( ) 4. proud, wander, humble, replyed ( ) 5. promise, sprotsman, delayed, jungle ( ) 6. associate, gaint, interesting, igloo ( ) UNIT 1 FAMILY 26

THE TATTERED BLANKET VII. Fill in the blanks with two adjectives of size and shape for each noun. 1. roti 2. woman verandah 3. pencil 4. towel 5. tree 6. VIII. Fill in the blanks with suitable compound adjectives from the box given below. gift-wrapped, tongue-tied, well-mannered, armchair, light-hearted sugar-coated, short-tempered, part-time, age-old 1. All the toffees in the store are You can chose your favourite and we will have them for you. 2. We were surprised to see my usually short-tempered uncle telling jokes to the guests. 3. The worker was interviewed by the manager but he remained and confused. 4. The crowd is protesting the destruction of heritage buildings. But it is good that they are decent and Grammar Session 4 I. Correct the underlined words and write them in the space provided. 1. The kangaroo, (1) the unique animal, is found only (2) under Australia. It is a four- legged animal (3) who uses only (4) hinder legs to move. (1) _________ (2) _________ (3) _________ (4) _________ 2. The two forelegs are so (1) smaller that they cannot (2) functioned as legs, but can be (3) helpless as its arms. (4) Them are mammals. (1) _________ (2) _________ (3) _________ (4) _________ 3. They (1) carrys their baby kangaroos in (2) there bag-like pouches. They have (3) tales which are thick (4) still strong. (1) _________ (2) _________ (3) _________ (4) _________ 4. They help them (1) too balance their (2) bodies and to give (3) a extra push (4) inside the ground when they jump. (1) _________ (2) _________ (3) _________ (4) _________ 5. Once, a jackal was very (1) trouble by fleas. He wanted to get rid (2) with them. (3) Still he went to the tank and found a dry stick on (4) a bank. (1) _________ (2) _________ (3) _________ (4) _________ UNIT 1 FAMILY 27

THE TATTERED BLANKET II. Complete the passage by choosing the right words from those given below it. In course ___ 1 ___ time, the patients at Anandwan constructed __ 2 ___ small dam. It was large enough to hold water __ 3 ___ their farm needs. Bit __ 4 ___bit, the ground water level also came up. Before long, more wells ___ 5 ___dug. The harvest from the farms and the milk from the dairy started bringing good fortune. 1. A. at B. off C. of D. in [] 2. A. a B. an C. the D. on [] 3. A. at B. on C. for D. to [] 4. A. is B for C. in D. by [] 5. A. was B. were C. where D. is [] The city was cleaned up. Lights ___ 1 ___ put up on buildings __ 2 ___ street poles. Flowers adorned __ 3 ___ palace and house gates. People were __ 4 ___ a festive mood. Rich and delicious food ___ 5 ___ cooked for all. 1. A. was B. were C. where D. is [] 2. A. and B. into C. the D. but [] 3. A. an B. on C. yet D. the [] 4. A. in B on C. now D. was [] 5. A. is B. were C. where D. was [] I was a good runner. In races ___ 1 ___ school, I ran faster __ 2 ___ my friends. \"I __3 ___ to become __ 4 ___ fastest runner in the world,\" I told myself. 1. A. across B. in C. of D. from [] C. then D. than [] 2. A. because B. so C. wanting D. unwant [] C. the D. was [] 3. A. want B. wants 4. A. an B are A country man was one day ___ 1 ___ driving __ 2 ___ cart along a muddy road. The wheel stuck so deep __ 3 ___ the mud, that the horses __ 4 ___ to a standstill. 1. A. care B. cared C. carefully D. careful [] 2. A. his B. her C. there D. them [] 3. A. in B. under C. behind D. onto [] 4. A. come B comes C. coming D. came [] Once, a clever fox wanted to play ___ 1 ___ trick on a stork. __ 2 ___ one day he invited the stork to dine __ 3 ___ him. The stork __ 4 ___ the invitation. 1. A. the B. there C. an D. a [] 2. A. It C. sR D. As [] 3. A.with B. If C. across D. onto [] 4. A. accept B. for C. accepting D. accepts [] B. accepted UNIT 1 FAMILY 28

THE TATTERED BLANKET III. Rewrite the following sentences as Yes / No questions. 1. There are many expenses in my life. 2. This is an unexpected visit. 3. You do remember your mother. 4. Her memory is quite sharp sometimes. 5. We play cricket everyday. IV. Combine the following sentences using where, who, which or that. 1. We watched a film yesterday. It was fantastic. 2. Richard is my uncle. He works in a multinational company. 3. This is the house. The theft was committed here. 4. Valmiki was once a robber. He later became a learned man. 5. He is a cunning fellow. I know it. V. Combine the following sentences using noun phrases in apposition. 1. The workers were weary with their exertions. They lay down to rest. 2. Ooty is cold even in summer. It is a hill station. 3. Paris is the capital of France. It is a beautiful city. 4. Ashoka fought many battles. He is the greatest Indian king. 5. Ratan is my classmate. He is the son of Mr Singh. UNIT 1 FAMILY 29

THE TATTERED BLANKET Creative Writing Session 5 I. Today most people live in a nuclear family. Imagine that your family is a joint family. Write a paragraph about the benefits of living in a joint family. Figure 1 - Nuclear Family Figure 2 - Joint Family Hints: Joint families are extended families. ¾ Shared duties, sorrows and joys. ¾ During these times of high-cost living, living on a budget and saving money becomes tough for those in a nuclear family. ¾ In a joint family, expenses can be shared, allowing individual units to save money. ¾ There is a sense of togetherness that allows bonding, affection and the feeling of shared living in a joint family. ¾ Working mothers have the luxury of the much-needed support from elders for their children, thereby giving them a sense of security and mental peace. II. Write a letter to your younger sibling (brother or sister) telling him/her about the changes in your life as you are now staying in a hostel. Also describe what your parents have done for you and how much you appreciate them now that you are away from home: Hints: ¾ Informal letter writing format - Date, place, ”To‟ address, salutation, closing salutations ¾ Body of the letter - General enquiry (first paragraph); details about the theme/topic; conclusion o Hints for writing the body of the letter - Why are you away from your parents? o What do they do? o What qualities do you admire in them? o In what way do you take inspiration from them? UNIT 1 FAMILY 30

THE TATTERED BLANKET III. The next morning Amma remembers the visit of a stranger but she thinks that the man is a friend of her own son, Gopi. She tells the servant Ramu, about the man's visit and the message she asked to give her son. Write a possible conversation between Amma and Ramu. IV. Describe Kamala's feelings for her brother after his visit. V. Your school organised a Science Fair for three days. Almost 200s school from the district participated and 450 exhibits were displayed. Nearly 2000 students visited the Science Fair. Judges selected the best exhibits and gave awards to the winners. Write a letter to your friend telling him/her about the Science Fair. VI. Write a news report on a Science Fair organised for three days at Patel High School. UNIT 1 FAMILY 31

MY MOTHER CHAPTER – 2: MY MOTHER Reading and Comprehension (Unseen Poem) Session 6 I. Read the extract of the poem and answer the questions that follow. Grandma Climbs a Tree Ruskin Bond My grandmother was a genius. You’d like to know why? Because she could climb trees. Spreading or high, She’d be up their branches in a trice. And mind you, When last she climbed a tree, she was sixty-two. Ever since childhood, she’d had this gift For being happier in a tree than in a lift 1. What was the poet’s grandmother really good at? [] [] A. climbing trees B. running C. writing poems [] 2. How old was grandma when she last climbed a tree? A. sixty B. sixty-one C. sixty-two 3. What is the meaning of the expression ‘in a trice’? A. very slowly B. in groups of three C. very quickly Reading and Comprehension (Seen Passage) Session 7 I. Read the stanza and answer the questions that follow. I cannot remember my mother only when from my bedroom window I send my eyes into the blue of the distant sky, I feel that the stillness of my mother's gaze on my face has spread all over the sky. a. Name the poet. b. Where does the poet see his mother? c. The word in the stanza that means the same as 'a steady look' is ____________. d. What can be the reason for the poet to have forgotten his mother? e. The word in the stanza which means the opposite of 'near' is _____________. UNIT 1 FAMILY 32

MY MOTHER II. Read the stanza and answer the questions that follow. I cannot remember my mother only sometime in the midst of my play a tune seems to hover over my playthings, the tune of some song that she used to hum while rocking my cradle. a. What did the mother do while she rocked the cradle? b. When does the poet remember his mother? c. The word in the stanza that means the same as 'to remain still' is __________. d. What are the expressions in the stanza that suggest sadness? e. The word in the stanza which means the same as 'in the middle of' is ___________. III. Read the stanza and answer the questions that follow. I cannot remember my mother but when in the early autumn morning the smell of the shiuli flowers floats in the air, the scent of the morning service in the temple comes to me as the scent of my mother. a. What happens in autumn that reminds the poet of his mother? b. What do you think the poet's mother's did with the shiuli flowers? c. Which two things remind the poet of his mother? d. What is the season mentioned in the stanza? e. The word in the stanza which means the same as 'pass through the air' is _______. UNIT 1 FAMILY 33

A LETTER TO A FRIEND CHAPTER – 3: A LETTER TO A FRIEND Reading and Comprehension (Unseen Passage) Session 8 I. Read the following passage and answer the questions. Three thousand years ago, the earth was pictured as an island, supported by pillars whose feet rested in hell. Over the earth was the bell of the heavens in which the stars were arranged and over which the sun made its daily journey. Sailors, however, began to notice that approaching ships appeared gradually above the horizon, their tops being first. Again, travellers reported that as they moved northwards, the north-star appeared higher in the sky and some southern stars disappeared from view. By the time of Pythagoras (about 500 B.C.), these observations were being explained in terms of a round or spherical earth. 1. Which planet is this passage about? [ ] ] A. Earth B. Jupiter C. Mars D. Mercury 2. What is described as 'the bell of heavens'? [ D. the skyscraper A. the tower B. the Sun C. the sky 3. What did people think about the shape of the earth three thousand years ago? 4. What lay over the earth? 5. What did the sailors notice about the approaching ships? 6. What did the observations explain by the time of Pythagoras? Reading and Comprehension (Seen Passage) Session 9 I. Read the following passage to answer the questions given below. Now I am working at Microsoft, a software company in Hyderabad, as a Computer Programmer. I am married and we have a child. My wife works at Dell, Hyderabad, as a System Analyst. You know city life is quite busy. We start in the morning; leave our child at the baby care centre and come back in the evening with faded faces. We hardly find time to sit together. How disgusting! We work with computers, think like computers and live like computers. We have forgotten our family. a. Who is 'I' in the passage? What is his profession? b. Who is the writer's wife? c. What does the writer say about city life? d. How many children does the writer have? e. Where does the child stay all day? UNIT 1 FAMILY 34

A LETTER TO A FRIEND II. Read the following passage to answer the questions given below. How happy we were in our school! We used to sit in the same row, did all the work together and took part in the events. I remember how Padmanabhaiah Sir, our class teacher, appreciated us when we got the first prize in the District Science Fair. a. Who are 'we' in the passage? b. Who was Padmanabhaiah Sir? c. Why did the teacher appreciate them? d. What activities did 'we' do together? e. Which expression suggests that the writer misses the past? III. Read the following passage to answer the questions given below. I remember how we went on a picnic to Koil Sagar. There we went boating. Our tour to Srisailam was memorable. Still I remember the green hills full of trees that almost touched the sky! I reme- mber the roaring of the Krishna River at the dam. There is nothing here! I wonder at my child's silence. He always sits in front of the computer and plays games, never caring for anyone. a. Where did the boys go for a picnic? What did they do there? b. What does the writer remember? c. What does the writer wonder at? d. What does the child do all day? e. Where did the writer and his friend go on their tour? IV. Read the following passage to answer the questions given below. Dear Suresh, This is Ramesh. I apologise for not meeting you during your visit to Hyderabad last week. Unfortunately, I had a meeting in my office. I remember how we enjoyed our childhood days in Manikonda village. Every day we played together in our garden. Our family was very big. There were twelve members in our family. I remember how we played in the moonlight. Our grandma used to give us fruits and biscuits. Our grandpa used to tell us fairy tales, about the princes, warriors and the village boys... a. Who visited Hyderabad the week before? b. Where did the boys enjoy their childhood days? c. Where did the boys play? d. How big was the family? e. What did their grandfather do? UNIT 1 FAMILY 35

A LETTER TO A FRIEND Data Interpretation Session 10 I. Study the table given below and answer the questions that follow. a. Which is the newest building in the table? b. Which is the building with the least number of floors? c. Which building was built 43 years after the oldest one? d. Which building is built in Hongkong? e. Which two buildings are in in different cities of the same country? UNIT 1 FAMILY 36

Mind Map A LETTER TO A FRIEND Session 11 UNIT 1 FAMILY 37

HUMANITY SESSION 1 THE SELFISH GIANT (PART I) – READING 1.1 Reading and Comprehension - Word Meaning Noun chimney-pot cloak a short, wide pipe a type of coat that has placed on top of a no sleeves chimney trespassers castle people who go into large, strong building others’ land without with strong and thick permission walls spring time peach trees the season between trees bearing round fruit winter and summer with soft red and yellow when plants begin to skin grow autumn delicate blossoms the season between tender flowers summer and winter when leaves change colour and fall UNIT 2 HUMANITY 38

hail LESSON A-THE SELFISH GIANT (PART I) frozen rain drops which fall as hard balls of ice scatter disperse, spread over Verb rejoiced expressed great whispering happiness speaking quietly 39 wrapped covered or dressed rattled shook and made a quick series of short, loud sounds Adjective delightful very pleasant, charming UNIT 2 HUMANITY

LESSON A-THE SELFISH GIANT (PART I) 1.2 Reading and Comprehension - Summary This play written by Oscar Wilde is about a selfish giant who loved his garden. While he had been away for a period of seven years, children came and played in the garden. Birds sat on the branches of the trees that blossomed and sang. When he returned, he built a wall around his garden preventing the children from entering it. He was very selfish and told all of the children that they wouldn’t be allowed to play in his garden. From then on, winter occupied the garden. Frost and snow, north winds and hail danced around therein. It seemed as if spring had forgotten the garden. Even the birds did not come to sing and the trees forgot to blossom. Spring brought colour and joy all over the country but it was still winter in the giant’s garden. UNIT 2 HUMANITY 40

SESSION 2 THE SELFISH GIANT (PART I) – LITERATURE 2.1 Literature - QA Q1. What are the major characters in the play? A. The major characters in the play are the Old Giant, The Giant, Tall boy, Short boy, Square girl, Graceful girl, Round boy, Snow and Frost, North Wind and Autumn. Q2. Why do you think children have been named ‘a tall girl’, ‘round boy’, ‘square girl’ etc.? A. The children in the play have been named ‘tall girl’, ‘round boy’, ‘square girl’, etc., to create funny characters so as to make the story interesting for children. This also depicts that different types of people make up the world. Moreover, the giant does not know the names of the children talking outside the wall around his garden. So, he probably named them in such a funny way. Q3. Who are the two giants in the play? A. The two giants in the play are the Old Giant and the Giant. They both are same but represent two different natures. The Old Giant represents a selfish character while The Giant represents a kind and generous character. Q4. How can you say that the Giant is selfish? A. The Giant built a wall around his garden to prevent children from entering it. He did not want the children to play in his garden. He told them that the garden is strictly for himself and only he is allowed to play there. He even put a signboard saying that ‘Trespassers will be prosecuted’. We can, thus, say that the Giant was very selfish. UNIT 2 HUMANITY 41

SESSION 3 THE SELFISH GIANT (PART II) – READING 3.1 Reading and Comprehension - Word Meaning Noun linnet bird hail a small brown and grey small balls of ice that fall bird like rain Pronouns thou you (as the singular thee subject of a verb) you in objective case (old usage) twittering making a series of short Verb high sounds cease stop happening slay sneeze kill suddenly expel air through the nose due to irritation in one’s nostril UNIT 2 HUMANITY 42

hath - LESSON B-THE SELFISH GIANT (PART II) has (old usage) admire to respect and like someone because they have done something that you think is good wound to injure or harm Adjective feeble lacking strength 3.2 Reading and Comprehension - Summary In the second part of the play, the selfish giant is transformed and becomes kind. One morning, the giant heard some lovely music. He thought it must be the King’s musicians passing by. But to his surprise, he found that spring had finally come. The hail stopped dancing and the north winds stopped roaring. He saw children sitting on the branches, trees blossoming and the birds singing. He observed, however, that winter still prevailed on the tree at the farthest corner of the garden. The giant helped a boy reach the branches.The boy hugged and thanked the giant. The giant was very happy to see his garden blossoming, birds singing and children playing in his garden. He told the children that they could now play in his garden and also broke the wall that he had built around his garden. The children were happy. The giant looked for the small boy whom he had seen in the farthest corner of the garden. But none of the children knew him. The giant loved to watch the children play in his garden, but he longed to see the little boy. One winter morning, the tree in the farthest corner of the garden was completely covered with beautiful flowers. Its branches were full of golden and silver fruit and underneath it stood the little boy. The UNIT 2 HUMANITY 43

LESSON B -THE SELFISH GIANT (PART II) giant ran to the boy in great joy. But when he came closer, his face grew red with anger seeing wounds on the boy's hands and feet. He asked the boy who had dared to wound him, to which the boy had replied that they were the wounds of love. The little boy made the giant realise that he was not an ordinary boy ĀHe told the giant that since he had let him play in his garden once, he would take the giant to his Paradise. The giant accompanied the little boy into a wondrous ever expanding garden. 3.3 Reading and Comprehension - About the Author Oscar Wilde (16 October 1854 –30 November 1900) was an Irish writer and poet. After writing in different forms throughout the 1880s, he became one of London’s most popular playwrights in the early 1890s. Today, he is remembered for his epigrams and plays. Oscar Wilde is best known for the novel ‘The Picture of Dorian Gray’ and the play ‘The Importance of Being Earnest’. The Happy Prince and Other Tales, is a collection of children’s stories written by him. UNIT 2 HUMANITY 44

SESSION 4 THE SELFISH GIANT (PART II) – LITERATURE 4.1 Literature - QA Q1. How is the 'child' different from other children? A. Unlike other children who like to play in a group, this child was always by himself. He was very tiny and was unable to climb the tree. But the child is lovable and godly. With a single touch, he could make nature beautiful and also transformed the giant into a gentle and noble man. In the end, he takes the giant to Paradise. All these show the child is different from other children. Q2. How does the narrator explain the idea of spring time? Pick out some expressions. A. The narrator describes the spring time beautifully. During springtime, the trees are full of various coloured flowers. The birds sing and twitter with delight. The flowers rise above the green grass and smile. With the brightly coloured flowers and the sweet songs of the birds, spring appears to be a lovely scene. Q3. What are the figurative expressions used in the play? List them and mention their significance. A. The figurative expressions used in the play are: i. Here and there over the grass stood beautiful flowers like stars – simile ii. Then the spring came – personification iii. ‘the children are the most beautiful flowers of all’ - metaphor iv. It is merely the spring asleep – personification v. The flowers are resting – personification These are some of the figurative expressions used in the play. UNIT 2 HUMANITY 45

LESSON B-THE SELFISH GIANT (PART II) The significance of figurative expressions : Figurative expressions are words or phrases which have a different meaning from the actual meanings of the words. Writers and poets use these expressions to bring beauty and freshness to their writing and to make common words sound interesting. There are many kinds of figurative expressions. Some are simple like simile and personification. Others are metaphor, imagery, alliteration, etc. Such expressions are used in both prose and poetry. Q4. What is the central theme of the play? A. The central theme of the play is to enlighten the greatness of the love and that love is divine. So, we must love all living beings, so that we can live in peace and be loved by God. Q5. Complete the following sentences choosing the correct answers from the choices given below. 1. Both ‘over the grass stood beautiful flowers like stars’ and ‘the peach trees broke into blos- soms’ refer to . a) autumn b) spring c) winter A. b) spring . Q6. The Giant observed the children a) hiding in the garden b) playing in the garden c) dancing in the garden A. b) playing in the garden . Q7. The Giant knew the spring had arrived from a) the song of a linnet bird b) sounds made by the children c) blossoms in the garden A. a) the song of a linnet bird UNIT 2 HUMANITY 46

LESSON B-THE SELFISH GIANT (PART II) Q8. The little boy . a) called the Giant by gesturing b) flung his hands around the neck c) ran towards the Giant A. b) flung his hands around the neck . Q9. ‘What a marvelous sight this is !’ was said by a) the children b) the little boy c) the Giant A. c) the Giant UNIT 2 HUMANITY 47

SESSION 5 THE SELFISH GIANT (PART II) – VOCABULARY 5.1 Vocabulary I. Phrasal Verbs: Look at the following underlined phrase taken from the text and know the meanings. ”Peach trees in the spring time broke out into delicate blossom.” In the above sentence, the phrase ‘ broke out ’ means ‘to come out'. Q1. Refer to a dictionary and find out phrasal verbs beginning with ‘break’. Use them in your own sentences. i. ii. iii. iv. A. i) Break down = stop working because of a fault Usage: Our car broke down due to some defect in the engine. Our old machine breaks down very often. ii) Break in = to enter a building by force. Usage: The thieves broke into our house last night. iii) Break off = to become separated from something as a result of force. Usage: The back section of the plane had broken off, because of the crash. iv) Break off: To suddenly stop talking. Usage: They broke off their conversation when they saw their teacher. v) Break out = To start suddenly. Usage: Fire broke out during the night. UNIT 2 HUMANITY 48

LESSON B-THE SELFISH GIANT (PART II) Q2. Pick out some more phrasal verbs from the play ‘The Selfish Giant’. i. ii. iii. iv. A. i. Put up ii. Creep in iii. Run away iv. Knock down v. Look up vi. Cover up vii. Walk into viii. Blow over Read the underlined part of the sentence taken from the text. This is a delightful spot. In the above sentence ‘delightful’ means ‘pleasant’. The opposite (antonym) of it is ‘ gloomy ’. Q3. Pick out antonyms of the underlined words from the play and use them in your own sentences. 1. Nobody likes to be in hell . A. 2. You should be beware of your foe . A. 3. It started raining cats and dogs. A. 4. She uncovered her head after she came out of the temple. A. 5. This is the nearest shop to my house. A. UNIT 2 HUMANITY 49