202110229-TRIUMPH-STUDENT-WORKBOOK-ENGLISH-G08-PART1

LESSON 3-THE GARDEN WITHIN A. Observe the following sentences: 1. Here and there over the grass stood beautiful flowers like stars. In this sentence flowers are compared to stars. Such comparison using ‘like’ and ‘as’ is called ‘simile’. E.g.: (a) He roared like a lion. (b) Her face is as white as snow. Simile: “Simile” is a figure of speech that directly compares two different things , usually by using the words ‘like’ and ‘as’. 2. Life is a journey. Enjoy the ride. In the above sentence, the word ‘journey’ is used to describe / compare the word ‘life’. Such a comparison is called a ‘metaphor’. They are used to show that two things have same qualities. They make the description more powerful. E.g.: (a) Rudramadevi was a lioness in battle. (b) Her home was a prison. Metaphor: These are the comparisons that show how two things that are not alike in most ways, are similar in one important way. 3. Spring has forgotten his garden. Here, though ‘spring’ is a season, it is represented as a human being and given the qualities of forgetting etc. Such usage in literature is called ‘personification’. E.g.: (a) The stars danced playfully in the moonlit sky. (b) The snow covered up the grass with her great white cloak. Personification: It is a figure of speech in which inanimate objects or abstract ideas or qualities are described as having life and human qualities . UNIT 3 HUMANITY 100

SESSION 13 THEME - HUMANITY – SELF - ASSESSMENT 13.1 Self-Assessment How well have I understood this unit? Read and tick in the appropriate box. INDICATORS YES SOME NO WHAT I read and understood the text: A. The Selfish Giant Part I B. The Selfish Giant Part II C. The Garden Within I was able to do the exercises given under ‘Vocabulary’. I was able to understand the usage of ‘Gerunds’ given under ‘Grammar’. I was able to prepare notices in different locations, under ‘Writing’. I was able to describe the garden given under ‘Oral Activity’. I was able to summarize the story given under ‘Study skills’. I listened to and understood ‘Lal Bagh’ and answered the questions given under ‘Listening’. I was able to collect the story books and fill the table given under ‘Project Work’. UNIT 3 HUMANITY 101

THE SELFISH GIANT - I —— CCE Based Practice Questions —— CHAPTER – 1 THE SELFISH GIANT - I Reading and Comprehension (Unseen Poem) Session 1 I. Read the following passage to answer the questions given below. THE BEAUTIFUL HEART Once at a family gathering, a young girl proudly proclaimed that she had the most beautiful heart in the family. Relatives gathered were admiring her beautiful heart, which made her boast even more. A strong voice of an old lady suddenly made everybody turn around. The old lady confidently claimed that her heart was more beautiful than that of the young lady. Everyone around started laughing when they saw the old lady’s heart that was healthy but full of scars, patches, and open wounds and almost falling apart. The young girl laughed at the state of the old woman’s heart and said, “How could you even think of comparing your old, distorted, and torn heart with my young, perfect heart?” The old woman replied, “I agree that you have a pretty heart, but not a beautiful one. Every scar that you see in my heart represents someone to whom I have given my love. I cut a piece of my heart and gave it to them. They tried to give me a piece of theirs but those could not match my sacrifice. I cherish what I received, for they remind me of the love and the beautiful moments we shared. Do you see these empty places? They remain empty because people cannot give me a piece of their heart. These open wounds are painful. I hope that someday they may understand the love I have for them and return the affection and sacrifice I made.” The young girl, with tears rolling down her cheeks, walked towards the old lady, cut a piece of her perfect heart, and filled one of those empty spaces. She then looked at her own heart, which did not look perfect anymore –but looked more beautiful. The young girl said,“ Mother, today I realise what true beauty is.” I. Choose the best words that suit the blanks. 1. The young girl _______proclaimed about her beautiful heart. (proudly, happily, politely) 2. The strong voice of an _______ made everybody turn around.(old lady, old man, young girl) 3. All tried to give the old lady a piece of their _______. (flesh, dress, heart) 4. Every scar in her heart represents someone to whom she has given her _______.(hatred, love, pain) 5. Everyone around started _______ when they saw the old lady’s heart. (crying, teasing, laughing) UNIT 3 HUMANITY 102

THE SELFISH GIANT - I II. Answer the following questions. 1. What did the young girl boast of herself? A. 2. Why did everyone laugh at the old lady? A. 3. What does the old lady hope for? A. 4. How did the young girl make her heart truly beautiful? A. 5. What lesson do you learn from this fable? A. III. Find words from the passage which mean the same as the following. Meaning Word pulled or twisted out of shape a mark left on the skin/in body tissue after the healing of a wound announced officially or publicly to give up something keep a thought/memory in one’s mind UNIT 3 HUMANITY 103

THE SELFISH GIANT - I II. Read the following passage to answer the questions given below. How radium was discovered is a fascinating story. In 1896, Becquerel, a Frenchman, was experimenting with a substance called pitchblende. By a sort of accident, he discovered that pitchblende yields a substance called uranium that can emit light. Two years later, Professor Curie and Madame Curie of Paris found that some of the pitchblende with which they were experimenting had something more powerful than uranium. They concluded that there must be other substances in the pitchblende besides uranium. As a result of further experiments, the Curies finally obtained an entirely new substance ‘radium’. Since then, scientists have been experimenting to explore the ways in which they can use radium in various fields. They are hopeful that this mysterious metal will be the key to the unknown in science. I. Choose the correct answer from the options given and write in the brackets 1. Who was Becquerel? [] A. an Indian B. an African C. a Russian D. a French 2. From which substance is radium obtained? [] A. pitchblende B. uranium C. silver D. bronze II. Answer the following questions in two or three sentences 3. Who discovered radium and in which year? A. 4. Which substance does the pitchblende yield and what is special about it? A. 5. What did the Curies conclude about pitchblende? A. 6. What kind of a metal is radium and what were the scientists hopeful about this metal? A. UNIT 3 HUMANITY 104

Vocabulary THE SELFISH GIANT - I Session 2 I. Underline the phrasal verb in each sentence. 1. I must look for my missing book. 2. Could you turn down the volume of the music, please? 3. When you enter the house, take off your shoes. 4. Quick, get on the bus or we will have to walk home. 5. Look up unknown words in the dictionary. II. Choose the appropriate phrasal verb to complete the sentence. 1. My little sister ________ in the middle of the night. (woke to, woke up) 2. Ajay ________ his torch in the dark. (switched on, switched up) 3. I’d like to _______ my new dress. (try out, try on) 4. Don’t ________ singing. You are very talented. (give up, give in) 5. You must ______ now or you will be late for school. (get up, get on) III. Make sentences with the following phrasal verbs. 1. Give in A. 2. Blow up A. 3. Break down A. 4. Cheer up A. 5. Fall apart A. UNIT 3 HUMANITY 105

THE SELFISH GIANT - I IV. Read the following and answer the questions. Rajasekhar was the only son of a poor farmer. He was an industrious man. Reading was his favourite pastime. His father once applied to the government for a loan to buy a pump set. Rajasekhar and his father went from office to office several times. They got tired but did not give out. They decided to meet the collector. They went and met the secretary of the collector. He was in a bad temper and he turned angry at every word they spoke. But the collector who heard them came out and saw the farmer and his son. He spoke to them kindness. Rajasekhar was happy and hoped their loan would be sanctioned. 1. Write the synonym of the word ‘industrious’. A. 2. Write the antonym of the word ‘kindness’. A. 3. Identify the gerund in the given sentence. Reading was his favourite pastime. 4. Write the correct phrasal verb to be used in place of ‘give out’. A. 5. Write the correct form of ‘kindness’ to suit the sentence in the passage. A. Grammar Session 3 I. Complete the passage choosing the right words from those given below. Peter and Michael ___ 1 ___ to visit the Science Museum at their city. They asked Rahul if he ___ 2 ___ like to join them. Rahul ___ 3 ___ happy with the idea. They ___ 4 ___ their tickets at the gate and walked into the museum. It ___ 5 ___ them an hour to see the entire museum. 1. A. decide B. decided C. deciding D. is deciding [ ] 2. A. will B. could C. can D. would [] 3. A. was B. were C. is D. are [] 4. A. bring B. bringing C. buy D. bought [] 5. A. take B. takes C. took D. Taking [] UNIT 3 HUMANITY 106

THE SELFISH GIANT - I II. State whether the following –ing forms are ‘Gerunds’ or ‘Participles’. 1. Plucking flowers is forbidden. [] 2. We saw a clown standing on his head. [] 3. A miser hates spending his money. [] 4. Singing to herself is her chief delight. [] 5. Hearing a loud noise, we ran to the window. [] III. Link these sentences and write as one sentence. Use a gerund (verb + ing). Underline the verb you have started the sentence with. 1. Go by bus. That would be the quickest. A. 2. I met her after a long time. It was a wonderful thing to happen to me. A. 3. It was such a terrible idea. He made the boy travel on his own. A. 4. We waited for nine hours. If made us feel quite ill. A. 5. We asked them to come with us. It wasn’t a good idea. A. Convention of Writing Session 4 I. Read the following passage and rewrite it using proper punctuation marks. as we reached the door my hostess said i will show you the church after the service we agreed and went in A. UNIT 3 HUMANITY 107

THE SELFISH GIANT - I II. Write where you may find the following notices/ slogans: 1. ‘Keep off the grass’ A. 2. ‘If you break it consider it sold’ A. 3. ‘Beware of the dog!’ A. 4. ‘Hazardous chemicals! Beware!’ A. 5. ‘Do not litter’ A. Creative Writing Session 5 I. Write a possible notice or slogan that you might find in the following places. Encourage students to write innovative answers: 1. Public library A. 2. Outside a school gate A. 3. Near a holy shrine A. 4. At a railway station A. 5. On the footpath A. II. Human Rights Day is observed by the international community every year on 10th December, to mark the day in 1948, when the United Nations adopted the ‘Universal Declaration of Human Rights’. It recognises the work of human rights defenders around the world who act to end discrimination and to support victims of human rights abuses. Prepare a poster to display in the school premises to show the importance of the day. UNIT 3 HUMANITY 108

THE SELFISH GIANT - II CHAPTER – 2 THE SELFISH GIANT - II Reading and Comprehension (Unseen Passage) Session 6 I. Read the following passage to answer the questions given below. LIFE IS BEAUTIFUL My childhood had always been a sheltered one. My parents along with my teachers, tried to instil good ethics in me. But ‘sharing’ was one moral value which I was never comfortable with. “Why should I give?” was my question. During one vacation to my hometown, I was at the railway station with my parents. As we were waiting for a train, something caught my attention. Two small children, perhaps siblings, were seeking alms nearby. Though they appeared at ease, I was shocked by their overall untidiness. When they approached us, my father promptly gave the older one, a girl, some money. Those were the days when I was constantly reminded of the virtues of ‘sharing’ things with others. So, when my mother nudged me, I knew why and the look my mother gave me, confirmed. I had a pack of my favourite chocolates in my pocket. And even though I pretended to have forgotten about it, she remembered them. I was devastated. With a heavy heart, I fished out one and the duo moved on. But my gaze did not leave them as I wanted to know about the fate of my chocolate. After a while, I saw her unwrap it. She then did something which moved me. Without a moment’s hesitation, she put the chocolate in her brother’s mouth and watched his face brighten up as he savoured it. Her action puzzled me. Why did she not eat it herself? Regret and shame overcame me when I realised that I had deliberately given only one chocolate. I quickly decided to give her one more chocolate voluntarily. Strangely, my action made me feel better than I had thought. As our train approached the station, the girl rushed to give me something. It was a small paper doll which she had made with the wrapper of the chocolates. I was speechless. Was she trying to convey a “Thank you”? That little girl taught me the joy of sharing and also answered one big question of ‘Why should I give?’ I now ask ‘why not’, as sharing is all about loving. Happiness abounds when shared. Years have rolled by and I still cherish that valuable lesson I learnt during that vacation. Sometimes life teaches us things we fail to learn from classrooms. I still think of that girl and her brother and wonder where they would be now… those sparkling eyes and the beautiful smiles. UNIT 3 HUMANITY 109

THE SELFISH GIANT - II I. Choose the best word that suits the blank. 1. As a child, the author learnt moral values from ____________. (parents, teachers, parents and teachers) 2. The author saw two siblings begging when she was on her way to her ___________. (village, hometown, country) 3. The author’s father promptly gave the girl some ____________. (food, money, snacks) 4. Before parting, the girl presented to the author ____________. (chocolates, a small paper boat, a small paper doll) 5. ____________ abounds when shared. (happiness, sorrows, problems) II. Answer the following questions. 1. Describe the two small children whom the author’s family saw at the railway station. A. 2. What did the author’s mother force her to do? A. 3. How did the author feel when she gave only one chocolate to the little girl and why? A. 4. What lesson did the author learn from the little girl? A. UNIT 3 HUMANITY 110

THE SELFISH GIANT - II III. Find words from the passage which mean the same as the following: Meaning Word messy, disorderly pulled out a brother or sister unwillingly touched or pushed something gently II. Read the following passage to answer the questions given below. One day a traveller was walking along a road on his journey from one village to another. As he walked he noticed a monk tending the ground in the fields beside the road. The monk said “Good day” to the traveller, and the traveller nodded to the monk. The traveller then turned to monk and said “Excuse me, do you mind if I ask you a question?” “Not at all,” replied the monk. “I am travelling from the village in the mountains to the village in the valley and I was wondering if you knew what it is like in the village in the valley.” “Tell me,” said the monk, “What was your experience of the village in the mountains?” “Dreadful,” replied the traveller, “to be honest I am glad to be away from there. I found the people most unwelcoming. When I first arrived I was greeted coldly. I was never made to feel part of the village no matter how hard I tried. Tell me, what can I expect in the village in the valley?” “I am sorry to tell you,” said the monk, “but I think your experience will be much the same there.” I. Choose the correct option and write in the brackets. 1. How did the traveller wish the monk? [] A. He shook his hand B. He smiled C. He simply nodded D. He wished “Good day” 2. We can replace the word ‘Dreadful’ with… [] A. Terrific B. Disagreeable C. Pleasant D. Excellent UNIT 3 HUMANITY 111

THE SELFISH GIANT - II II. Answer the following questions. 3. What was the monk doing when the traveller saw him? A. 4. From where was the traveller coming? A. 5. Were the villagers in the mountain really cold and unwelcoming? Why? A. 6. Do you think the monk was a wise man? Give reasons for your answer. A. Vocabulary Session 7 I. Write the meanings of the phrasal verbs given below. Word Meaning come about set up break down pull off run into II. Choose the correct meaning of the underlined word. 1. The friendly website helped people access Government’s policies easily. (evaluate, understand, strengthen, acquire) 2. The teacher focused on spoken English. (concentrated on, ignored, modified) 3. The students responded enthusiastically. (with great interest, without interest,disinterestedly) UNIT 3 HUMANITY 112

4. Birds instinctively know how to fly. THE SELFISH GIANT - II (obviously, deliberately, without training) 5. My wife dashed off to the grocer’s before and arrived home. (spoke, wrote, hurried away) III. Write the antonyms of the underlined words in the following sentences. 1. Susheel was honest but there were some ___________ persons working under him. 2. Radium is the costliest metal but iron is the ___________ metal. 3. Water is scarce is summer, but we do have an__________ of it in the rainy season. 4. If we are responsible citizens we should do our duty thoroughly but if we are ___________ the country will have to suffer a lot. 5. Gandhi believed in non-violence and never gave scope for ________. IV. Read the following and answer the questions. Man invented many things for his use. By inventing new things, he had reduced his work load. He made fire to cook food and arrows for hunting animals. Next he take up scientific inventions like the telegraph and the telephone. Next he needed an invention to think for him. He devised the computer which takes in man’s intelligent and raises its power. 1. Write the synonym of the word ‘devised’. A. 2. Write the antonym of the word ‘reduced’. A. 3. Identify the gerund in the given sentence. Inventing new things, he had reduced his work load. 4. Write the correct phrase of ‘take up’, suitable for the sentence in the passage. A. 5. Write the correct form of ‘intelligent’. A. GRAMMAR Session 8 I. Identify and underline the gerunds in the following sentences. 1. Losing a hotel and a cake of soap in one afternoon suggests wilful carelessness. UNIT 3 HUMANITY 113

THE SELFISH GIANT - II 2. Finding the best person for the job is our aim. 3. Working in a field all day, exhaused the farmer. 4. Living in Mumbai is expensive. 5. Smoking is not good for health. II. Complete the passage choosing the right words from those given below. Life is ___ 1 ___ a sad and a joyful experience. ___ 2 ___ one undergoes these experiences in his/ her life. But these ___ 3 ___ great for the eldest one in the family. It is ___ 4 ___ the eldest has more responsibilities. They have to arrange for other things ___ 5 ___ life. 1. A. both B. so C. therefore D. then [] 2. A. All B. Many C. Much D. Every [] 3. A. is B. am C. are D. was [] 4. A. so B. because C. therefore D. thus [] 5. A. on B. at C. for D. of [] Convention of Writing Session 9 I. Read the following passage and rewrite it using proper punctuation marks. french physicist charles fabry found ozone gas in the atmosphere in 1913 at room temperature, ozone is a colourless gas it condenses to a dark blue liquid at -170 F at temperatures above the boiling point of water 212 F, it decomposes A. Creative Writing Session 10 Observe the picture shown. In the picture, men and women are cleaning their surroundings in order to prevent diseases that are spread because of bacteria and viruses that live in heaps of garbage or stagnated water. UNIT 3 HUMANITY 114

THE SELFISH GIANT - II Now write an essay on the importance of cleanliness. Hints: cleanliness – most important way – prevent diseases – cleanliness of the house –cleanliness of the surroundings – unclean surroundings – breeding grounds of diseases – spread diseases like – diarrhoea and cholera – throwing garbage – spread – mosquitoes – flies – germs – dispose garbage – dustbins – covered properly –polluted water – spreads –water bound diseases – drains be built – covered. Encourage students to think creatively and formulate their own answers: A. UNIT 3 HUMANITY 115

THE GARDEN WITHIN POEM – 1 THE GARDEN WITHIN Reading and Comprehension (Unseen Poem) Session 11 I. Read the given poem and answer the questions by choosing the best option. A GREEN CORNFIELD The earth was green, the sky was blue; I saw and heard one sunny morn A skylark hang between the two, A singing speck above the corn. A stage below in gay accord, White butterflies danced on wing, A still the singing skylark soared, And silent sank soared to sing. The cornfield stretched a tender green To right and left beside my walks; I knew he had a nest unseen Somewhere among the million stalks. And as I paused to hear his song While swift the sunny moments slid, Perhaps his mate sat listening long, And listened longer than I did. 1. The skylark sang [] A. when it rained B. when the butterflies danced C. during cloudy days D. on a sunny morning UNIT 3 HUMANITY 116

2. The skylark while singing looked like THE GARDEN WITHIN [] A. a star B. an insect C. a small dot D. an eagle 3. The nest of the skylark was [] A. in the fields below B. among the numberless stems of corn C. beside other nests D. among trees 4. The word ‘paused’ means [] A. stopped B. stood erect C. flew across D. went straight 5. The poetic device used in this line- ‘The cornfield stretched a tender green’ [ ] A. simile B. metaphor C. none D. Personification II. Give the rhyming words of the following: Word Rhyming soared green morn slid walks II. Read the poem to answer the questions. 117 Slowly, silently, now the moon, Walks the night in her silver shoon; This way, and that, she peers, and sees Silver fruit upon silver trees; One by one the casements catch Her beams beneath the silvery thatch; Couched in his kennel, like a log, With paws of silver sleeps the dog. UNIT 3 HUMANITY

I. Answer the following choosing the right option. THE GARDEN WITHIN [] 1. How does the moon colour all the objects at night? A. In silver paint B. In a silvery glow C. With silver metal D. With silver dust II. Answer the following questions. 2. Who is ‘she’ in the poem? A. 3. What is ‘she’ seen to be doing? A. 4. What is the sleeping dog compared to? A. UNIT 3 HUMANITY 118

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY SESSION 1 THE FUN THEY HAD – READING Oral Discourse Debate –’ Development in science and technology will always lead to disasters.’ Hints: • Divide the class groups . One speaks ’for’ the motion while the other speaks ’against’ the motion. • FOR the motion: Advancement in science has lead to invention of modern weapons and tools of destruction. • Misuse of technology had lead to the formulation of nuclear bombs which ultimately puts a blanket of threat over every nation. • The incidents of Hiroshima attack, World Trade Center attack, etc. are examples of how scientific advancement and technological growth has disturbed mankind. • AGAINST : Development of science and technology has given more power to humans which can be very effectively used to improve the standard of living of a nation. • Scientific growth has made our lives easier. A number of activities now can be done very quickly saving a lot of time and energy . • Dvelopment of technology has improved the modes of transportation and commuication. It has brought the world together. It has become much easier for people to contact others and stay in touchwith their dear ones. UNIT 4 SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 119

LESSON 1-THE FUN THEY HAD 1.1 Reading and Comprehension - Word Meaning Noun million telebooks ten lakhs books seen or read on a television or computer screen attic slot - a space just below a given space, time or the roof, used as a position storeroom regular teacher a full-time teacher Verb geared - dispute disagree with adjusted to a particular standard or level screamed patted gave a loud cry repeated gentle touch with the flat of hand UNIT 4 SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 120

insert LESSON 1-THE FUN THEY HAD to put something inside sigh Adverb an act or sound of sighing awfully very badly, loftily unpleasantly in a superior way nonchalantly probably - not showing much likely to happen interest scornful - plenty a large quantity that is contemptuous, think more than enough something is worthless Adjective crinkly with many folds or lines mechanical disappointed connected with upset machines operated by power UNIT 4 SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 121

LESSON 1-THE FUN THEY HAD Expressions betcha (bet you) I’m sure Preposition beneath under 1.2 Reading and Comprehension - Summary ‘The Fun They Had’ is a science fiction story written by Isaac Asimov. The story takes place in the year 2157, where teaching is performed by computer–like robots with vast information stores. The protagonists of this story are two children, Tommy, and Margie. Tommy finds a real book in his attic. He is very surprised by the object. The children had never seen a real book before because they always read on a television screen. The words on the page do not move like the words on the screen of their mechanical teacher. The book describes the school from centuries earlier, where there had a real person as a teacher, who gave homework and asked the students questions, and all the boys and girls went to a special building called 'a school'. Margie is very curious but her mother calls her because it is time for school. Their school takes place in a room at home itself. They hand to write their homeworkin a punch code and put it in a slot in their mechanical teacher. Margie reflects on the fun that children in old schools must have had, where they were taught by real people. She thinks about the children’s joyful way of learning things, sitting together in the school room, going home together, learning together and helping one another with homework. Thus, the story shows how technology has changed the lives of people where there are no proper interactions with real people even for learning. 1.3 Reading and Comprehension - About the Author Isaac Asimov (1920 –1992) was an American author, best known for his science fiction. He was the professor of biochemistry at Boston University. He is considered the master of science fiction. Most of his works explain scientific concepts in a historical way. He worked as the president of AHA(American Humanist Association). He earned a credit on ‘Star Trek’, a movie of science fiction. His famous works are the ‘Foundation Series’, the ‘Robot Ser ies’ and the ‘Galactic Empire Series’. UNIT 4 SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 122

SESSION 2 THE FUN THEY HAD – LITERATURE 2.1 Literature - QA Q1. What did Margie write in her diary? A. Margie wrote in her diary that Tommy found a real book. Q2. What things in the book did Margie find strange? A. The book that Tommy found was very different from the telebooks from which she had been reading. Margie noticed that the words in the printed book were still and did not change on reading the same page again, unlike the telebook where the words on the screen keep changing. She also felt that after reading it once, it became useless and could be thrown away. She was also suprised that there was a real teacher - a person who taught in the earlier days, and not a mechanical teacher. She also came to know that in the old method of learning ichildren had a building 'school'. Q3. Why do you think Margie was disappointed? A. Margie was not doing well in geography. When her mother had called the Country Inspector, he detected some problem with the geography sector. Margie was hoping that the Country Inspector would take away the mechanical teacher. However, the Country Inspector set it right in no time. So, Margie was disappointed. Q4. Why did she think the old kind of school must have been fun? A. She thought that the old kind of school must have been fun because the children were taught by real people with whom they could interact. She thinks that it must have been a joyful experience - sitting together in a school room, going home together, learning together and helping one another with homework. Q5. Margie says old school was better than the future school. Do you agree with this statement? Give reasons. A. Yes , I agree with her statement that old school was better than the future school in man y ways. The old school was not mechanised. Children were taught by real humans and there was interaction between the teacher and the pupils. The teacher would try to teach his/her pupils to become good citizens. They experienced joyful learning which led to their all–round development. They were taught by various interesting methods which added fun to learning. UNIT 4 SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 123

LESSON 1-THE FUN THEY HAD All these features were absent in the future school. The future school was a mechanical one .The kids studied at their own home and the teacher was also a mechanical teacher . There was no social interaction and the whole process of teaching–learning was highly sophisticated. Q6. What kind of school do you wish to have after 30 years? A. Subjective response. (Write in your own words the kind of school you wish to ha ve – your old type of school or the future school like the one described in the story.) Q7. 'And the teachers were people.' What do you understand by this expression? A. In Margie’ s school, the teachers were mechanical robots. She did not know about human teachers. But in the old schools, students were taught by real people. When Margie came to know of this, she was surprised and probable even thrilled that the teachers in those old schools were actually people. Q8. Editing: Read the following passage. Every numbered sentence has an error. Identify and edit it. (1) In Sir ipuram village it did not rain at three years. (2) Men, women and children looked at the sky anxious for signs of clouds. (3) The pond were now a wide stretch of caked earth. Thirsty animals crowded around puddles of dirty water. (4) Women went very far on search of water. (5) The y returned with pots of water balanced over their head and some fodder of the cattle tucked under their arms. A. (1) In Siripuram village it did not rain for three years . (2) Men, women and children looked at the sky anxiously for signs of clouds. (3) The pond was now a wide stretch of caked earth. Thirsty animals crowded around puddles of dirty water. (4) Women went very far in search of water . (5) They returned with pots of water balanced on their head and some fodder for the cattle tucked under their arms . UNIT 4 SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 124

SESSION 3 THE FUN THEY HAD – VOCABULARY 3.1 Vocabulary I. Fill in the Blanks Fill in the blanks with the words from the box. Q1. i. We look when we see something useless. ii. Your workbook does not have for writing. iii. Why do you always your younger brother’s statements? iv. The commander ordered to the soldiers, “Open fire!” v. All the boys when they saw a snake in their classroom. A. i. scornful ii. slots iii. dispute iv. loftily v. screamed Q2. Pick out the opposites for the following words from the story. Use them in your own sentences. i. Serious Raju was acting funny during the class. ii. Scarce There was plenty of food for Rohan in the fridge . iii. Idle Rani is busy doing her homework. iv. Agree There was a dispute between the workers and the management v. Create vi. Knowingly A. serious – funny: scarce – plenty: idle – busy: agree – dispute: UNIT 4 SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 125

LESSON 1-THE FUN THEY HAD create – destroy: The cyclone destroyed ever ything that came in its way. knowingly – unknowingly: He unknowingly hurt the dog. II. Pick Underlined Words Look at the underlined words in the following sentence taken from the text. He was a round little man with a red face . As you can see, there are two adjectives that precede the noun ‘man’. The adjectiv ‘round’ and ‘little’ appear in a cer ain order. The adjectiv ‘little’ refers to the ‘size’ and ‘round’ indicates the ‘shape’. Q1. Think of two adjectives of size and shape for the following objects and put them before the nouns. i. tab le ii. pencil iii. room iv. chapathi v. cat A. Subjective response. UNIT 4 SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 126

SESSION 4 THE FUN THEY HAD – GRAMMAR 4.1 Grammar I. Adverbs Read the sentence taken from the text. He added loftily, pronouncing the word carefully, “Centuries ago”. In this sentence the words ‘carefully’ and ‘loftily’ are adverbs of manner, because they tell us about how the action is done. Q1. Pic k out some more verbs and the adverbs that go with them from the story or else where. Use them in your own sentences. A. 1. Mother had shaken her head sorrowfully. 2. The history sector had blanked out completely. 3. Each kid has to be taught differently. 4. He spoke English fluently. Q2. Now look at the adverbs given below and fill in the blanks. nonchalently, quickly, completely, sorrowfully, awfully, carefully, differently i. We all behave when we don’t have any anxiety. ii. I forgot about it. iii. The report must be read ; then the action will be taken. iv. The teacher shook her head when her student lied to her. v. The two teams played . A. i. differently ii. completely iii. carefully iv. sorrowfully v. awfully UNIT 4 SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 127

LESSON 1-THE FUN THEY HAD II. Relative Clauses Read the following sentences and notice the underlined part in each sentence. 1. The y turned the pages, which were yellow and crinkly. 2. It was awfully funny to read words that stood still instead of moving the way they were supposed to - on a screen. What, according to you, is the function of the underlined clause? Which part of the sentence does it modify? The underlined par ts in these sentences are Relative Clauses. A Relative Clause gives extra information about or identifies a person, place, time, or thing. It normally begins with a relative pronoun such as who, where when, what or that. It functions like an adjective. They are known as adjective clauses. Q1. Now, read the following sentences and underline the relative clauses. (a) The part Margie hated most was the slot where she had to put home work and test papers. (b) This is the old kind of school that the y had hundreds and hundreds of years ago . (c) My mother says a teacher has to be adjusted to fit the mind of each boy and girl it teaches and that each kid has to be taught differently . A. (a) The part Margie hated most was the slot where she had to put home work and test papers. (b) This is the old kind of school that they had hundreds and hundreds of years ago. (c) My mother says a teacher has to be adjusted to fit the mind of each boy and girl it teaches and that each kid has to be taught differently. Q2. Combine the sentences using where , who, which and that. 128 1. Mahi always tells funny stories. We all like them. . 2. Dolly ate all the biscuits. I bought them for Chandu. . 3. An old man visited us last night. He is my grandfather . . 4. We should remember the place. We often used to meet. . UNIT 4 SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

LESSON 1-THE FUN THEY HAD 5. Divija ga ve me a camera. It was not working. The . A. 1. Mahi always tells funny stories which we all like . 2. Dolly ate all the biscuits that I bought for Chandu. 3. The old man who visited us last night was my grandf ather . 4. We should remember the place where we used to meet often. 5. The camera which Divija gave me was not working. Q3. Complete the following sentences using suitable relativ e clauses . i. I know the boy . ii. I visited the place . iii. He told me the time . iv. This is the book . A. Subjective response. Sample responses: i. I know the boy who won the first prize . ii. I visited the place which is known for selling the world’s best biryani. iii. He told me the time that he took to run the race. iv. This is the book which I read at least a dozen times. UNIT 4 SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 129

SESSION 5 THE FUN THEY HAD – WRITING 5.1 Writing Q. Margie is a girl studying in class eight. Read the following letter that she wrote to her friend Candy. Wonder land, Computer Town. 20th Sept 2019. Dear Candy , I am very glad to say that I ha ve established a computer teaching lab, which gives me full information with the help of a mechanical teacher. It’s an up-to-date lab. Technology is growing fast, isn’t it? Imagine our classroom in 30 years. Reply soon. With warm regards, Your loving friend Margie. To Candy , Winterland Technical Country. Write a reply imagining how our future classrooms will be in the next 30 years. You may use the following hints while writing. e-library robot teacher online evaluation e-screen e-mail UNIT 4 SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 130

LESSON 1-THE FUN THEY HAD A. Winterland, Technical Country. 27th September 2019. Dear Margie , I am ver y glad to know that you’ve established a computer teaching lab. The thought of the mechanical teacher makes me astonished. I agree, technology is growing very fast. Over the next 30 years, we may witness many changes in schooling and education. We might have an e–library. With a single touch, one would be able to refer thousands of books. Also, we might have an amazing robot teacher, which would be like an encyclopedia and would be able to solve any problem from any subject within a fraction of a second. In our future schools, our examination papers might not be evaluated manually, but would be carried out online. This would prevent us from getting scolded or humiliated by our teachers in front of other students in case we do not score well enough. In our future schools , we could have e–screens instead of blackboards . With one press of a button, we might have all the subjects and all the knowledge of the world at our fingertips. Through e–mails , we would be able to have intellectual transfer within minutes . In these and a lot of other ways , I’m sure the technological revolution will bring a lot of changes in our future schooling. With warm regards, Your loving friend, Candy To, Margie, Wonderland, Computer Town. UNIT 4 SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 131

SESSION 6 THE FUN THEY HAD – STUDY AND LISTENING 6.1 Study and Listening Study I. Here are posters about two schools. Read them carefully . UNIT 4 SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 132

LESSON 1-THE FUN THEY HAD Q1. Each one of you has an aspiration. Someone may want to become a sportsperson, or a sofware engineer etc. As a student in which school would you want to join? Why? Write your opinion here . A. Both the schools ha ve their own features. Though the Gover nment Model School promises us stress–free education, digital classrooms and special classes for IIT and AIEEE, it has its own demerits. There is no scope for all–round de velopment of the student. There are no extra- curricular or co-curricular activities like, games, sports, dance or music. It does not give focus on value–based education. There is no scope for moral education and there is no value for Indian culture and her itage which is much needed for the present generation who mostly gorow in nuclear families. There are no exercises like yoga and meditation which are necessary to relax the mind. Education should make a person a complete man. There should be all–round development in a student. Besides being educated every student must be proficient in games and sports and at least in one of the fine arts. Healthy body leads to a healthy mind. That is where youga and meditation paly an important part. In my opinion in Z.P.H. School, we can ha ve all–round de velopment because they are offering games and sports, dance and music, and yoga and meditation. This school also has digital classrooms and individual attention. Moreover, it is located in the midst of nature away from the hustle bustle of the city. So, I would prefer to join the Z.P.H. School. UNIT 4 SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 133

LESSON 1-THE FUN THEY HAD Listening I. Listen to a message from space by Sunita Williams and answer the following questions. Message from Space Sunita Williams sent out warm wishes on the occasion of Diwali from the International Space Station. “I just want to wish ever ybody in India and people of Indian origin around the world a “Happy Diwali”. It’s a wonderful festival and I am happy we are par of it up here at the International Space Station. I did bring a couple of things that have to do with India from my father, particularly a peaceful ‘Om’ that stays outside my crew quarters where I sleep, and the Upanishads, so I can read it while I am up. It is a small version (of the Upanishads) but it definitely brings the wisdom to us while we are here and allow us to think of the true meaning of life and what we are doing. Heartfelt feelings for the work we are doing up here and how we are doing and for our safe return back home .” Now answer the following questions: Q1. What is the text about? A. The text is about the wishes that Sunita Williams has sent from the International Space Station on the occasion of Diwali. Q2. Where was Sunita Williams when she sent the message? A. She was at the International Space Station when she sent the message. Q3. On which occasion did she send the message? A. She sent this message on the occasion of Diwali. Q4. What are the two things Sunita received from her father? A. The two things that Sunita received from her father were ‘Om’ and the Upanishads. Q5. In what way did the Upanishads help Sunita? A. The Upanishads brought wisdom to Sunita and allowed her to think about the true meaning of life. UNIT 4 SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 134

SESSION 7 PRETEEN PRETEXT – READING 7.1 Reading and Comprehension - Word Meaning Nouns pile chores routine tasks lay things one on top of another alibis tether e xcuses a rope for tying an animal Verbs grin emitting smile broadly sending out light or signals exhale breathe out elevate raise to a higher level UNIT 4 SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 135

LESSON 2-PRETEEN PRETEXT jitters crisis (n) - makes nervous; (in textbook context: a time of intense slight irregular difficulty, trouble, or movement especially in danger. an electronic device) grandiose Adjective planned on a large scale; bluish also, excessively grand or blue in colour impressive Noun Phrases latest rage - teenybopper current or latest a teenager, usually a girl, fashion who follows latest fashions cellular resources beeping tether cell phone, mobile a thing that connects one phone other by giving a beep, this context - a phone UNIT 4 SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 136

LESSON 2-PRETEEN PRETEXT 7.2 Reading and Comprehension - Summary The poem, Preteen Pretext' refers to the use a preteen has for her cellphone. This poem is about the increasing use of cell phones by young children. Mobile phones have become the constant companions of children. Like almost all other preteens, the poet’s preteen daughter uses it to discuss about matters such as who likes whom or who the rockstar with the best perfume is. One line messages also appear nonstop on her phone that keep her grinning always. The poet admits that the cellphone has its advantages. It helps her to call her daughter for assistance with chores or to tell her to finish her school assignments. The cellphone also helps the mother to keep a tab on the preteen when she goes out to meet her friends. Yet, the poet ruses over the fact that while the cellphone can be convenient, useful, easy and help us in various different situations, we are slowly allowing it to rule over us. Children are often obsessed and glued to their phones – chatting and playing games on it all the time. Face to face talk has come down drastically. She wishes that people would spare time to talk to family members face to face, instead of through a cell phone. UNIT 4 SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 137

SESSION 8 PRETEEN PRETEXT – LITERATURE 8.1 Literature - QA Q1. Who do you think is the speaker of the lines (of the poem)? A. The speaker of the lines is the teenybopper’ s mother. Q2. What attitude of the speaker is conveyed in the last two lines of the first stanza? A. The last two lines express the mother’s disapproval about her daughter’ s indiscriminate use of cell phones. She uses the words ‘beeps’ and ‘jitters’ to express her resentment about the continuous ringing and vibrating of her daughter’ s phone . By using the phrase ‘day and night’, the mother wants to express how her daughter keeps busy chatting over the phone the whole da y. She is unhappy a nd dislikes the persistent and indiscriminate use of the phone by her daughter. Q3. In what ways are cell phones useful to us according to the poem? A. According to the poem, the cell phones are useful to us in the following ways: i. Cell phones keep us informed about the latest crisis, fashion trends, and other interesting news from all over the world. ii. They are useful to find the whereabouts of people and can be used to give or receive important messages through calls. iii. Messages can also be sent through instant text messages. iv. They bring people together by connecting them through a call or a message. Q4. What does the last line of the poem convey to us? A. With ever–increasing use, our dependency on cell phones has increased manifold. Excessive use of cell phones is impacting our social or family relationships. While chatting on cell phones day and night, children sometimes do not find time to even talk to their family members. The poet wishes to spend more time with her daughter and to talk to her face to face. She advocates that cell phones should spared for some time to talk family members, face to face. UNIT 4 SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 138

SESSION 9 THE COMPUTER GAME – READING 9.1 Reading and Comprehension - Word Meaning Noun pilgrim someone who journeys audience to a holy place a gather ing of specta- tors or listeners at a chrysanthemum performance , usually a kind of flower indoors . Plymouth the first British colony founded in 1620 in the US, where New England was established Verb pour blink cause a liquid to flow flicker; twinkle; out from a container shine unsteadily break down stop working UNIT 4 SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 139

LESSON 3-THE COMPUTER GAME Adjective bleep a short high-pitched soundmade by an electronic device as a signal 9.2 Reading and Comprehension - Summary This play written by Steven Otfinoski is a humorous take on quiz competition between a human and a computer to show that a programmed device can do only what it is programmed to do and nothing else. The story starts with a quiz game in which a human contestant, named Joan, has to compete with a computer called MT2. The quiz program is conducted by Gary Lopez, who proudly declares that no one has ever been able to beat MT2. He says that each correct answer gets one point and the first player to earn three points wins the game. Joan is unable to answer the first two questions, as the computer is very fast. She then requests that the third question should be asked by somebody other than Gary. A girl from the audience asks a question in the form of a command. The computer is unable to recognise a command, and thus, is unable to answer the question. Joan answers correctly. Unable to comprehend a command, the computer fuse is blown. It has a breakdown and fumes start pouring out. When Gary is upset, Joan calls the computer a poor loser for having lost its fuse when it got beaten. UNIT 4 SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 140

SESSION 10 THE COMPUTER GAME – LITERATURE 10.1 Literature - QA Q1. Who was the quizmaster? A. Gary Lopez was the quizmaster . Q2. Who won the game at the end? A. At the end, Joan Robinson, a smart girl won the game. Q3. How did the girl counter the computer? A. Joan whispers to the girl who volunteers to ask the third question to pose the question in the form of a command. She guessed that the computer was only prog rammed to answer questions. Hence, the computer would be unable to answer a command. Thus , the girl countered the computer and won the quiz. Q4. Why do you think the computer failed to answer the girl’s question? A. The computer had been programmed only to answer questions. Therefore , when the girl asked a question in the form of a command, the computer failed to recognise it and thus failed to answer the question. Q5. If you were to ask the computer a question, what question would you ask? A. I would ask, “Spell the word Xenophobia” or “Spell the word Cz echoslovakia. ” UNIT 4 SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 141

SESSION 11 THE COMPUTER GAME – WRITING 11.1 Writing Q. Imagine you owned a robot that could do an ything you wanted. But suddenly there was a problem in it and it started doing something different from what you said. Create a funny situation and write the dialogue between you and the robot, and present it before the class. (Students may write their own answer. An example has been provided for your reference.) A. Subjective response. Example: Me : Did you finish my homework? Robot : No. I did not . Me : Why? Robot : Because I was playing video games. Me : But you are supposed to finish my homework! Robot : I was supposed to, but I did not. Me : Why did you not then? Robot : I told you, I was playing video games. Can't you humans understand if told once? UNIT 4 SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 142

SESSION 12 THE COMPUTER GAME – ORAL ACTIVITY 12.1 Oral Activity Q. Discuss in groups and write a script for a funny situation between you and a robot. Do a role play based on those actions and dialogues. A. Subjective response. A brief hint has been given for an idea about how to approach for preparing a play. Robot: Good morning, master! Me: Good morning. Robot: I ha ve a doubt about me , master! Me: Yes , ask me . Robot: You always say that you are hungry and eat something or the other. Why is that you never share any food with me? Me: You are a robot. Robots do not feel hungry. Robot: How can you decide that?You never asked me. ... UNIT 4 SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 143

SESSION 14 THEME - SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY – SELF - ASSESSMENT 14.1 Self-Assessment How well ha ve I understood this unit? Read and tick in the appropr iate box. Indicators Yes Somewhat No I read and understood the text A. The Fun The y Had B. Preteen Pretext C. The Computer Game I was able to use the words in my won sentences, given under ‘Vocabulary’. I was able to identify and use the relative pronouns and relative clauses given under 'Grammar'. I was able to write a reply letter given under ‘Writing’. I was able to read, understand and compare the posters given under ‘Study Skills’. I listened to and understood ‘Message from Space’ and answered the questions given under ‘Listening’. I was able to analyse the information about different features in mobiles and choose the best one given under 'Project Work'. UNIT 4 SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 144

THE FUN THEY HAD —— CCE Based Practice Questions —— CHAPTER – 1 THE FUN THEY HAD Reading and Comprehension (Unseen Poem) Session 1 I. Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow: In the future rush to get to work, the day’s tasks will be checked using a personal robotic butler, the misplaced car keys will be located by entering the word \"keys\" into a cell phone and getting a call back saying \"bedroom.\" Children will be monitored by sensors that detect their every movement. At work, the office map uses the same kind of sensors to track down staff members for a meeting. The work day is interrupted by a break to play with the cat remotely over the Internet. After work, the ads on the shopping mall wall reconfigure to suit each person passing by, so when there is a sign for a concert, you buy a ticket by waving your cell phone over the billboard. At home that night, the phone programs the dishwasher and washing machine to run while the family sleeps. This is the vision outlined by researchers from around the world who gathered in the basement of a downtown Toronto hotel this week to talk about the third wave of computing. There was a time when computers were massive devices, mainframes housed in entire rooms and operated by many people simultaneously. Then came a reduction in size; computers in the home, in the office, even small enough to rest comfortably on your lap. This next wave involves computers so small, they hardly seem like computers at all -- liberated from the desktop and pervading every facet of our lives, from phones to household appliances to the very clothes that we wear. This next wave, the experts say, is coming faster than you think. What is science fiction one year, is reality in the next, in the new world of pervasive computing. \"Pervasive computing is the idea of technology, designed in such a way that it is literally just everywhere,\" says Khai Truong, a professor of computer science at the University of Toronto. It can be on your person or part of the physical environment—from cell phones and pocket PCs to smart homes and appliances. \"Everything could be a computer, and could be used or adopted for a purpose by any individual.\" Mark Weiser, the Xerox technologist who came up with the notion of pervasive computing, described the phenomenon this way: \"The most profound technologies are those that disappear. They weave themselves into the fabric of everyday life until they are indistinguishable.\" UNIT 4 SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 145

THE FUN THEY HAD I. Choose the right answer. 1. Computers coming with a reduction in size than the massive devices operated by many people can be considered as the wave of computing. [] A. First B. Second C. Third D. Fourth 2. The wave involves computers so small that they hardly seem like computers at all – liberated from the desktop and pervading every facet of our lives. [ ] A. First B. Second C. Third D. Fourth 3. In future, the children will be monitored by that detect their every movement. [] A. teachers B. robots C. sensors D. satellites 4. In future, the will program the dishwasher and washing machine to run, while the family sleeps. [] A. computer B. phone C. remote D. robot 5. In the future one could buy a concert ticket by __________ [] A. waving the phone B. paying cash C. not paying cash D. tearing coupons II. Answer the following questions. 1. Why had researchers from all over the world gathered at the hotel in Toronto? A. 2. How were computers in the beginning? A. 3. What is Pervasive Computing? 146 A. UNIT 4 SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

THE FUN THEY HAD 4. What do you mean by the phrase – ‘on your person’? A. 5. Who came up with the concept of Pervasive Computing? A. III. Find words from the passage which mean the same as the following: Meaning Word be present throughout something at the same time to be freed from huge, very big intense II. Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow: Its spreading branches which hung to the ground and took root again forming a number of twisting passages, gave me endless pleasure. Among them were squirrels and snails and butterflies. The tree was older than the house, older than Grandfather, as old as Dehra Dun itself. I could hide myself in its branches behind thick green leaves and spy on the world below. My first friend was a small grey squirrel. Arching his back and sniffing into the air, he seemed at first to resent my invasion of his privacy. But when he found that I did not arm myself with catapult or air gun, he became friendly and when I started bringing him pieces of cake and biscuit, he grew quite bold and was soon taking morsels from hand. Before long, he was delving into my pockets and helping himself to whatever he could find. He was a very young squirrel, and his friends and relatives probably thought him foolish and headstrong for trusting a human. I. Choose the correct option and write in the brackets. [] 1. What does ‘it’ refer to? A. A branch of a tree B. A squirrel C. A tree D. A butterfly UNIT 4 SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 147

2. Who thought that the squirrel was foolish and headstrong? THE FUN THEY HAD [] A. The writer himself B. Other squirrels C. His friend D. The writer’s relatives II. Answer the following questions. 3. In what way did the tree give the writer ‘endless pleasure’? A. 4. What was the squirrel wary of? A. 5. How did the squirrel show his disapproval? A. 6. What treats did the writer offer the squirrel? A. Vocabulary Session 2 I. Fill in the blanks choosing the right words from the box. scornful , screamed, dispute, loftily, awful 1. Rahul always speaks _______ with his younger sister. 2. There was a _______ among the relatives on the division of the ancestral property. 3. The small boy _______ in fear when he saw a dog charging at him. 4. The _______ smell of rotten vegetables came from the kitchen when we returned after a month–long vacation. 5. Maya was shocked to hear the ________words of her best friend. UNIT 4 SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 148

THE FUN THEY HAD II. Write the antonyms of the words given below. 1. completely - 2. differently - 3. special - 4. superior - 5. satisfactory - III. Complete the sentences with the opposite meaning of the underlined word. 1. A massive skyscraper stood beside the ________bungalow. 2. The two magnets were stuck together and it took great force to pull them _______ 3. As more and more cities are built, our forests get _________. 4. The moon brightens the sky as the sunrays ________away. 5. The captive bird flutters its feathers to be _______ from its cage. IV. Use the antonyms of the following words in sentences of your own: 1. feeble x ________ A. 2. foolish x __________ A. 3. interesting x __________ A. 4. hero x __________ A. 5. simple x _________ A. UNIT 4 SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 149