202110229-TRIUMPH-STUDENT-WORKBOOK-ENGLISH-G08-PART1

THE TREASURE WITHIN – PART - I II. The theme of the annual function of your school is ‘Unity in Diversity’. During the function, songs and dances from different states of India will be presented. You have been chosen to compere for this programme. Write a script for compering the programme. Hints: Refer to the features of compering given in your textbook. Begin by talking about how ―’unity in diversity’ makes India a unique nation, prepare the audience for the programme. Choose 4-5 dance/performance styles from different states; research about them and write a few lines introducing each. Organise your script chronologically (as per the order of the performances). Write the closing lines summarising the theme once again. A. UNIT 5 EDUCATION AND CAREER 200

THE TREASURE WITHIN – PART - II CHAPTER – 2 THE TREASURE WITHIN – PART - II Reading and Comprehension (Unseen Poem) Session 6 Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow. Ben Carson is one of the most famous and respected doctors in the world. Since the 1980s, his surgeries to separate conjoined twins have made international headlines and his pioneering techniques have revolutionised the field of neurosurgery. Almost as important is that Carson has become a role model for people of all ages, especially children. Although he works thirteen-hour days and performs hundreds of operations a year, Carson makes time to spread his message that anything in life is possible, regardless of what colour a person is or where he is from. When young Ben was only eight years old, his parents divorced, and his mother Sonya Carson was left to raise her two sons alone. Sonya took on two, sometimes three, cleaning jobs at a time to support her children. In his writings, Carson has commented that even during the hardest times, his mother was the family’s rock. He was never a good student, but when Carson came to Michigan elementary school he realised that he was far behind the other fifth graders. Life at Higgens Elementary was also not easy because it was predominantly a white school, and Carson, one of the few African American students, was taunted by his schoolmates and ignored by teachers. \"One thing that really has inspired me and pushed me on is learning about the human brain and recognising the incredible potential that lies there—and also recognising how few people use it.\" Sonya Carson decided to take matters into her own hands by switching off the television. Ben and Curtis were allowed to watch only two programs a week and their mother made them read two books each week from the Detroit Public Library. The boys were also required to write book reports, which Sonya would underline and mark up. But after a while, something happened. He began to actually enjoy reading the books. Within a year-and-a-half Carson went from the bottom of his class to the top of his class. I. Choose the right answer. 1. One of the things that inspired Carson and pushed him on was learning about the human ________. (body, heart, brain) 2. Carson’s pioneering techniques have revolutionised the field of_________. (orthopaedic surgery, neurosurgery, paediatric surgery) UNIT 5 EDUCATION AND CAREER 201

THE TREASURE WITHIN – PART -II 3. Sonya Carson took on __________ jobs to support her family. (cleaning, painting, gardening 4. Carson describes his mother Sonya as the __________. (stone, rock, boulder) 5. Carson believes that few people actually use the _________ potential of the human brain. (incredible, discredited, accredited) II. Answer the following questions. 1. Who is Ben Carson? A. 2. Why was life at Higgins Elementary not easy for Ben Carson? A. 3. What did Sonya Carson do to make her sons enjoy reading books? A. 4. What was the message that Ben Carson wanted to spread through his work and life? A. III. Write the meaning of the words taken from the passage. Word Meaning insulted joined, combined refused to take notice of ability to be useful essential, needed UNIT 5 EDUCATION AND CAREER 202

THE TREASURE WITHIN – PART - II II. Read the following passage to answer the questions given below. Theories about how brain works remain a topic of debate. It is agreed, though, that the hippocampus, a part of the brain, is undeniably important for memory. When we experience something, the information is sent via our senses to the hippocampus, where it is processed. Scientists believe that brain cells called neurons first transform the sensory stimuli we experience into images in our immediate memory. Then, these images are sent to the hippocampus and stored temporarily in short term memory. In the hippocampus information is organised, and it is during this process that parts of the image of our experience fade away. Finally, certain information is then transferred to long term memory in a section in the frontal lobe of the brain known as the cerebral cortex. Scientists think this process may happen while we are sleeping, but exactly how the information is transferred from one area of the brain to another is a mystery. I. Choose the correct answer from the options given and write in the brackets 1. This passage is mainly concerned with ______ [] A. how to improve our memory B. how our brain processes and stores information C. illness that results in severe memory loss D. why some information in our short term memory fades away 2. It is pointed out in the passage that ______ [] A. the brain was not considered as a highly complex organ in the past B. damage to hippocampus doesn’t cause memory loss C. all the information stored in the short term is transferred to the long term memory D. the hippocampus is in the frontal lobe of the brain II. Answer the following questions. 3. What is the first step of storing images in our memory? A. UNIT 5 EDUCATION AND CAREER 203

THE TREASURE WITHIN – PART - II 4. What causes parts of our memory to fade away? A. 5. Where is the long term memory section of the brain situated? A. 6. What factor of the brain’s working continues to puzzle scientists? A. Vocabulary Session 7 I. Write the different meanings of the words given below: 1. Branch: (a) (b) (c) (d) 2. Monitor: (a) (b) (c) (d) II. Correct errors in the numbered sentences and write them down. I wanted to join the Army. (1) I got my admission letter but my aunt tear it up. Then I decided that I wanted to join the police force. My mother said, ―Don‘t join the police force, just do your graduation! ―So I went to Jai Hind College in Bombay. (2)There, I must either to take French or German. (3) Though I had studied French for seven years, but I did not know seven words of French. So I took German. Then my German teacher died. The college told me that I could change the college or take French. Now, who would give me admission in another college? (4) I am getting admission to Jai Hind by influence. So I thought, Okay, I will take French and I started UNIT 5 EDUCATION AND CAREER 204

THE TREASURE WITHIN – PART - II learning French again. I learnt it from my cousin. She was an architect‘s wife. (5)I go to the architecture office to learn French! GRAMMAR Session 8 I. Write five sentences using ‘used to’ and ‘would’ to write about your childhood. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. II. Complete the passage choosing right words from the list given below. Each blank is numbered, and for each blank there are four choices (A), (B), (C) and (D). Choose the correct answer from the choices marking them as (A), (B), (C) or (D). I was just interested in playing and nothing _________ (1). I was most interested in _________ (2) pranks. One day, I did not want to study, so I created a distraction. For one whole hour we played chor police. Every Saturday we were allowed to go into town to see a movie. So what I would do was have no lunch and collect money from 40 – 50 students, and run UNIT 5 EDUCATION AND CAREER 205

THE TREASURE WITHIN – PART - II and buy the tickets. On my way back, I would eat to my heart’s _________ (3). I used to be the leader of a gang. We would have gang fights and plan _________. (4) These things used to interest me more than any academics. Students used to book my textbooks for the following year, because they were almost brand new. I _________ (5) opened them one day before exams. 1. A. else B. odd C. at all D. apart [] 2. A. funny B. naughty C. idiot D. silly [] 3. A. content B. filling C. wish D. peace [] 4. A. tragedy B. tragedies C. tactics D. strategies [ ] 5. A. mostly B. seldom C. used to D. would be [ ] Convention of Writing Session 9 I. Read the following passage and rewrite it using proper punctuation marks. it was no longer an ordinary olympic final there were two heroes in the great drama both running as if their lives depended on the race hans grodotski a german with golden hair was catching up with halberg now halberg was not fighting the others but only against himself his body was crying out for rest it wanted to fall quietly on the ground and go to sleep A. Creative Writing Session 10 I. Imagine that you are Koneru Humpy (Indian Chess Grandmaster) and you have been invited as the Chief Guest for the Children’s Day celebrations in your school. What will be your message to the children? Prepare a short speech that you will deliver on the occasion. UNIT 5 EDUCATION AND CAREER 206

THE TREASURE WITHIN – PART - II A. UNIT 5 EDUCATION AND CAREER 207

THE TREASURE WITHIN – PART - II II. Observe the picture and write an essay / descriptive narration in about 180 words about the Ganesh Chaturthi festival. Hints: Talk about what people are doing, where they are taking the Ganesha Idol, which occasion is being celebrated etc. A. UNIT 5 EDUCATION AND CAREER 208

THEY LITERALLY BUILD THE NATION CHAPTER – 3 THEY LITERALLY BUILD THE NATION Reading and Comprehension (Unseen Poem) Session 11 I. Read the following passage and answer the questions given below. Many great inventions are initially greeted with ridicule and disbelief. The invention of the airplane was no exception. Although many people who heard about the first powered flight on December 17, 1903 were excited and impressed, others reacted with peals of laughter. The idea of flying an aircraft was repulsive to some people. Such people called Wilbur and Orville Wright, the inventors of the first flying machine, impulsive fools. Negative reactions, however, did not stop the Wrights. Impelled by their desire to succeed, they continued their experiments in aviation.Orville and Wilbur Wright had always had a compelling interest in aeronautics and mechanics. As young boys they earned money by making and selling kites and mechanical toys. Later, they designed a newspaper-folding machine, built a printing press, and operated a bicycle-repair shop. In1896, when they read about the death of Otto Lilienthal, the brothers’ interest in flight grew into a compulsion. Lilienthal, a pioneer in hang-gliding, had controlled his gliders by shifting his body in the desired direction. This idea was repellent to the Wright brothers, however, and they searched for more efficient methods to control the balance of airborne vehicles. In 1900 and 1901, the Wrights tested numerous gliders and developed control techniques. The brothers’ inability to obtain enough lift power for the gliders almost led them to abandon their efforts. After further study, the Wright brothers concluded that the published tables of air pressure on curved surfaces must be wrong. They set up a wind tunnel and began a series of experiments with model wings. Because of their efforts, the old tables were repealed in time and replaced by the first reliable figures for air pressure on curved surfaces. This work, in turn, made it possible for the brothers to design a machine that would fly. In 1903 the Wrights built their first airplane, which cost less than $1,000. They even designed and built their own source of propulsion - a lightweight gasoline engine. When they started the engine on December 17, the airplane pulsated wildly before taking off. The plane managed to stay aloft for 12 seconds, however, and it flew 120 feet. By 1905, the Wrights had perfected the first airplane that could turn, circle, and remain airborne for half an hour at a time. Others had flown in balloons and hang gliders, but the Wright brothers were the first to build a full-size machine that could fly under its own power. As the contributors of one of the most outstanding engineering achievements in history, the Wright brothers are accurately called the 'Fathers of Aviation'. UNIT 5 EDUCATION AND CAREER 209

THEY LITERALLY BUILD THE NATION I. Choose the right answer. 1. The idea of flying an aircraft was _________to some people who called the Wright brothers ‘impulsive fools‘. (exciting, disgusting, funny) 2. Lilienthal’s idea about controlling airborne vehicles was _________ the Wrights. (disliked by, accepted by, improved by) 3. The first plane to remain in the air for half an hour was built by the Wright brothers on _________. (1901, 1903, 1905) 4. Their maiden flight managed to stay in the air for ______ seconds. (12, 120, 16) 5. To pursue their experiments, the brothers set up a wind _________. (funnel, tunnel, flute) II. Answer the following questions. 1. How did the Wright brothers earn money when they were young boys? A. 2. What was the event that forced the Wright brothers to pursue their interest in flight? A. 3. What made the Wright brothers almost give up their dream? A. UNIT 5 EDUCATION AND CAREER 210

THEY LITERALLY BUILD THE NATION 4. What do you know about the first airplane built by the Wright brothers? A. 5. Why are the Wright brothers known as ‘the fathers of aviation’? A. III. Write the meaning of the words taken from the passage. Meaning Word ridicule reliable series aloft pulsated II. Read the following poem to answer the questions given below. It pains her to see Animals suffering and hurt She carries a fur purse To match her leather skirt She wastes paper She has the guts But oh! How she hates Trees being cut UNIT 5 EDUCATION AND CAREER 211

THEY LITERALLY BUILD THE NATION Child labour She condemns vehemently Why then is her little domestic maid Never treated gently? I. Choose the correct answer from the options given and write in the brackets 1. The tone of the poem is ______ [] A. gentle B. humorous C. painful D. sarcastic II. Answer the following questions. 2. How does she go against her pain at seeing animals hurt? A. 3. What does the action of wasting paper show about her? A. 5. Which action proves her belief in child labour? A. UNIT 5 EDUCATION AND CAREER 212

Extra CCE Examination-based Material Seen Comprehension Passages Template for comprehension passages (seen) These passages or stanzas (poem) have been picked up from the lessons to strengthen the comprehending skills of the students. The CCE examination pattern advocates the in-depth learning of the central theme of every lesson. Therefore we have introduced this new Session of Comprehension Passages (textual) as a support system to the teachers. UNIT ± I FAMILY Reading A Comprehension passage - I \"Tell him to send me a blanket. There is a cold mist in the mornings. If I catch cold, it doesn't leave me for a long time. Tell him to send me a blanket, won't you? A red one. I had a blanket, the one he brought for me when he was studying in Madras. It is all tattered now, just a ball of knotted yarn. Tell him to send me a red blanket, will you?\" 1. Who said these words to whom? Ans. 2. Who does 'him' stand for? Ans. 3. What is the 'tattered blanket' symbolic of? Ans. 4. What does the story tell us about Gopi's character? Ans. 5. What feelings cross your mind when you read the story? Ans. COMPREHENSION PASSAGE II: Delhi is too expensive, you know. I have four children to look after now. I can't make both ends meet with my salary. And one has to keep up one's status. It will be a great help if I can raise some money by selling my share of the family properly. I came to talk it over with you. 213

1. Who said these words to whom? Ans. 2. Why did he come to the village? Ans. 3. What does the phrase 'make both ends meet' mean? Ans. 4. What does the story tell us about human relationships? Ans. 5. Compare and contrast village and city life. Ans. What does the phrase 'keep up one's status' mean? . 6. Ans. Reading B I. Read the given stanza of the poem and answer the questions given below: I cannot remember my mother but when in the early autumn morning the smell of the shiuli flowers floats in the air, the scent of the morning service in the temple come to me as the scent of my mother. 1. Who is the poet of this poem? Ans. 2. Whom is he describing in the poem? Ans. 3. Why is he describing his her? Ans. 4. What does 'morning service' mean? Ans. 5. How is the smell of shiuli flowers? Ans. 214

Reading C Read the following lines and answer the questions given below: We missed them. We missed the joy of the family. We are missing many things in this busy life. I don’t know where those gardens have gone, those fairy tales, those fruits, those words of love and affection - we have lost our real life in this unreal world. 1. Who says these words to whom? Ans. 2. What does he mean by 'we missed them'? Ans. 3. What else is he missing in the city? Ans. 4. What does he mean by 'we have lost our real life in this unreal world '? Ans. 5. Do you think Ramesh is happy in the city? Ans. UNIT - II SOCIAL ISSUES Reading A Comprehension passage - I Read the passage given below and answer the questions: \"Boy\", said the gentleman in the high chair, \"listen to me. You know you're an orphan, I suppose?\" \"What's that, sir?\" enquired poor Oliver. \"The boy is a fool. I thought he was\", said the gentleman in the white waistcoat. 1. Who is the boy mentioned in the above lines? Ans. 2. What was Oliver's reaction when he had to face so many gentlemen at a time? Ans 3. What is the meaning of the word 'orphan'? Ans. 4. Where was Oliver brought? Ans. 5. Could you explain the mental state of Oliver at that time? Ans 215

Comprehension Passage II \"For the first six months after Oliver Twist was moved in, the system was in full operation. As a result, during this period, the number of workhouse inmates got smaller, and the inmates themselves shrank in size and became thinner.\" 1. Where was Oliver Twist moved in? Ans. 2. Why did the number of inmates get smaller? Ans . 3. What does the phrase 'shrank in size' mean? Ans. 4. Why did the boys become thinner? Ans. 5. When they couldn’t take it (hunger) any longer, what did the boys decide to do? Ans. Reading B Comprehension Passage III \"For all day, we drag our burden living through the coal-dark, underground. Or, all day we drive the wheels or iron In the factories, round and round.\" 1. Who does “we” stand for? Ans. 2. Under what conditions do these children work? Ans. 3. Do you think the name of the poem 'Cry of the Children' is apt? If so, how? Ans. 4. What should children be doing? Ans. 5. How does the work effect the children? Ans. 216

Reading C Comprehension Passage IV Read the passage and answer the following questions: 'Worse was to come, the owners locked her up in a tiny room when they went out. She stayed alone waiting for the day to pass. She recalled her memories with friends at school and wept.' 1. Who does 'her' represent? Ans. 2. In this lesson, 'the child' is symbolic of whom? Ans. 3. Name two organizations working towards rescuing such children. Ans. 4. Name the lesson from which these lines have been taken. Is the name apt? Ans. 5 Give the antonym of 'recall'. Ans. UNIT III HUMANITY Reading A Comprehension Passage I Read the passage and answer the questions given below: \"I cannot understand why the spring is so late in coming. I hope there will be a change in the weather. But the spring never came, nor the summer. The autumn gave golden fruit to every garden, but to my garden she gave none.\" 1. Who said these words? Ans. 2. Why didn’t the spring come to the garden? Ans. 3. Which season remained in his garden? Ans. 4. Here in the lesson, what does spring actually represent? Ans. 5. What does the story teach us? Ans. 217

6. Give the antonyms of the given words: i) spring - ii) changed - iii) covered - iv) bright - v) forgotten - 7. Make your own sentence with the given phrasal verbs from the lesson: i) creep in - ii) run away - iii) put up - 8. Give the synonyms of the following: i) slay - ii) prosecute - iii) trespassers - iv) cloak - v) wrap - Reading B Comprehension Passage II Read the passage and answer the following questions: \"How selfish I have been! Now I know why the spring would not come here. I will put that poor little boy on the top of the tree, and then I will knock down the wall, and my garden shall be the children’s playground forever and ever.\" 1. In what way was the Giant selfish? Ans. 2. Why did the spring arrive all of a sudden in the Giant’s garden? Ans. 3. What does spring bring along with it? Ans. 4. What does 'knocking down the wall' actually symbolise? Ans. 218

5. Who is the little boy? Where does he take the giant? Ans. 6. Give the synonyms of i) selfish - ii) cease - iii) admire - 7. Give the antonyms of i) giant - ii) roaring - iii) delighted - 8. Make own sentences with the given phrasal verbs: i) reach up - ii) break down - iii) make up - iv) walk into - Reading C Comprehension Passage III Read the stanza: There is a garden In my heart Where beauty grows In fits and starts Where smiles are petals From the flowers Bestowed by others From their bowers. 1. What is the poet comparing? Ans. 2. What are the flowers in the heart's garden? Ans. 3. What are our smiles compared with? Ans. 4. How does the poet relate a smile to happiness? Ans. 5. What is the central idea of the poem? Ans. 219

UNIT IV SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Reading A Comprehension Passage I Read the following passage and answer the questions given: Margie always hated school, but now she hated it more than ever. The mechanical teacher had been giving her test after test in Geography and she had been doing worse and worse until her mother had shaken her head sorrowfully and sent for the Country Inspector. 1. Why did Margie hate school? Ans 2. What sort of a teacher did she have? Ans. 3. What did her mother do when her performance started getting worse in Geography? Ans. 4. What sort of a school is being spoken about here? Ans. 5. What is the author trying to convey through this lesson? Ans. Reading B Comprehension Passage II \"Margie did so with a sigh. She was thinking about the old schoolsthey had when her grandfather‘s grandfather was a little boy. All the kids from the whole neighborhood came, laughing and shouting in the schoolroom, going home together at the end of the day. They learned the same things, so they could help one another with the home work and talk about it.\" 1. What is the author trying to show? Ans. 2. Does learning really happen alone sitting in front of a screen? Ans. 3. How do present day schools aid real learning? Ans. 220

Reading B Comprehension Passage III Our handy cell phone help us out, Convenient, easy, with no doubt. Yes, certainly, they have their place. But can't we talk once, face to face. Now answer the questions that follow: 1. What is the poem about? Ans. 2. What is the concern that the poet expresses? Ans. 3. What does the mother feel about her child’s attitude towards the phone? Ans. 4. How do you think the cell phone has affected the family relationships? Ans. 5. How have cell phones made life? Ans. Reading C Comprehension Passage IV Joan : Could someone else ask the question, please? Gary Lopez : What for? Joan : Maybe I’ll have better luck with someone else? Girl : I’ll ask it, Joan! Joan : (whispering to her) Put it in the form of a command. I think the computer’s only programmed for questions. 1. What was the name of the computer? Ans. 2. What was the computer game? Ans. 3 Do you think computers are superior to human beings? Why? Ans. 221

4. How did the girl outwit the computer? Ans. 5. What is the author trying to tell us through this story? Ans. UNIT V EDUCATION AND CAREER Reading A Comprehension Passage I However, later, one sentence spoken to me by my principal changed my life. He said, \"Look here son, I have been seeing you from day one. You are a good student, but you never studied. I have taken care of you till today. Now, I can no longer take care of you so you do it yourself.\" 1 . What changed the life of Hafeez? Ans. 2. How was Hafeez before this incident? Ans. 3. After this incident how did his life change? Ans. 4. \"I have taken care of you till today. Now, I can no longer take care of you so you do it Ans. yourself.\" Who said these lines? 5. Who raised him? Ans. 6. Write a homophone of 'principal'. Ans. 7. Make your own sentence with the phrase 'take care of'. Ans. 8. Find the antonym of 'always' from the passage. Ans. 9. What was the 'treasure within'? Ans. 222

Reading B Comprehension Passage II Actually it all happened quite by chance. In the architect’s office, I saw somebody drawing the details of a window. It was a very advanced drawing. I told him that his drawing was wrong – that the window he had drawn would not open. He then had a bet with me and later he found that his drawing was indeed wrong. Answer the questions given below: 1. What happened by chance? Ans. 2. What was Hafeez studying before this incident? Ans. 3. What happened in the architect‘s office? Ans. 4. Why did he go to the architect‘s office? Ans. 5. What happened after this incident? Ans. 6. Give homophones of the given words: (i) not – (ii) quite – 7. Find the synonym of 'advanced'. Ans. 8. Make your own sentence with the phrase 'by chance'. Ans. 223

Reading B Comprehension Passage III Civil engineers are multifaceted, taking on roles and responsibilities that are varied. Environmental civil engineers focus on all-round development of the design and construction skill of working in harmony with nature. Answer the questions given below: 1. How are civil engineers multifaceted? Ans. 2. What is the role of an environmental civil engineer? Ans. 3. What does the term 'in harmony with nature' mean? Ans. 4. Can you give three different meanings of the word 'role'? Ans. 224

II. Unseen Comprehension Passages Template for unseen passages These passages or stanzas (from poems) have been picked up from various sources on a variety of topics. They would be immensely beneficial to the students in enhancing their thinking skills and substantiating their understanding. The key concept of &&(, the '5 W and 1 H' has been emphatically incorporated into this section as well. Students must be encouraged to do them on their own. The different type of questions like multiple choice, True or False, fill in the blanks and content based questions would help the children from the examination point of view. UNIT 1 Passage 1 Dengue is a mosquito-borne infection that causes a severe flu-like illness and sometimes, a potentially lethal complication called Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever (DHF). Dengue is also known by other names, including 'breakbone' or 'dandy fever'. Dengue viruses are transmitted to humans through the bites of infective female Aedes mosquitoes. The incidence of dengue has grown dramatically around the world in recent decades. WHO currently estimates that there may be 50 million dengue infections world-wide every year. The South-East Asia and the Western Pacific are the most seriously affected. 1. How is dengue spread to humans? 2. What other names is dengue known by? 3. What is the lethal complication that can occur in dengue? 4. Which parts of the world are most affected by dengue? 5. What does the WHO estimate? Passage 2 The Kanha National Park, situated 165 km from Jabalpur in Madhya Pradesh, has earned the distinction of Asia's best National Park spread across 940 sq. km. It offers a unique and exciting panorama of wildlife. Kanha is home to tigers, leopards, hyenas, wild buffaloes and more than a 100 Avian species. The only habitat of the rare swamp deer Barasingha, Kanha has a thick vegetation of Sal and Bamboo forests with its numerous streams and magnificent forest cover. Every inch of Kanha has thrilling surprises in store for the nature and wildlife lovers. At this untouched and undisturbed National Park, we can catch the animal kingdom in perfect harmony with nature. i) Kanha National Park is situated in _________. a) Andhra Pradesh b) Madhya Pradesh c) Uttar Pradesh d) Arunachal Pradesh ii) It is spread over an area of a) 900 sq. km b) 840 sq. km c) 980 sq. km d) 940 sq. km 225

iii) Which of these does Kanha not have? a) Bamboo forests b) Wild buffaloes c) Streams d) Factories c) Africa d) Australia iv) It is the best National Park in c) Barasingha d) Sal a) America b) Asia v) It is the only habitat for the rare a) hyena b) tiger UNIT 2 Passage 1 A study from wireless trade association CTIA and Harris Interactive, reveals that four out of every five teenagers have a cell phone i.e. 80% compared with 40% of teens in 2004. Additional tracking of consumer usage and ratings determined that half of all children between 8 and 12 years have cell phones. These researches barely scratch the surface of teen obsession with cellphones as communication tools, entertainment tools, status symbols and fashion accessories. Teens can't live without their cell phones. Teens have no time to talk to their parents because they are always busy texting or surfing the net. 1. What is this passage about? 2. Which age group is addicted and obsessed with cell phones? 3. How has this excessive usage changed as compared to 2004? 4. What are the cell phones a symbol of, for the teens? 5. Do you think it is okay to use cell phones excessively? Give reasons. Passage 2 The legendary name of Rani Laxmi Bai, a valourous Hindu lady who fought bravely to free our motherland from the shackles of British, remains forever in all our minds. She was the great heroine of the first war of Indian freedom. Her name shines in golden letters in the history of Indian freedom struggle. She was born to Moropanth and Bhagirath Bai on 19th November 1835. She was named Manu Bai. Along with formal education she was skilled in sword fight, horse riding and shooting with a gun. She married Gangadhar Rao in 1842 and became the Rani of Jhansi. She fought bravely against the British soldiers. She had the spirit of a lion. She was the embodiment of patriotism, self respect and heroism. i) Name the valorous Hindu lady who fought against the British. ii) When was she born? iii) As a young girl, what did she learn? iv) Why does her name shine in golden letters in the history of India? v) Describe Laxmi Bai in a sentence. 226

UNIT 3 Passage 1 Kasauli is located in the Shivalik hills, 6400 ft above sea level, overlooking the plains of Punjab. It is situated in Himachal Pradesh and the people of Kasauali are jealously possessive of this Himachali beauty. It is 77 km from Shimla and 303 km from Delhi. Kasauli is not an overcrowded tourist spot like Shimla and Mussoorie, where hordes of tourists have ruined the natural beauty of the place. Kasauli's tranquil serenity is soothing to the eyes. The aged chestnut trees, the beautiful mountains, and the snow-covered peaks are delightfully relaxing. The Shri Baba Balaknath Temple and the Monkey Point are worth seeing. 1. Where is Kasauli located? 2. Why is it more beautiful than Shimla and Mussoorie? 3. Describe the beauty of this Himachali beauty. 4. In which state is Kasauli situated? 5. Name some beautiful sights in Kasauli. Passage 2 A friend is a gift of God. It is God's way of answering your needs. We nurture a bond of friendship with love and in return we get gratitude. A friend acts like a board that provides strong support at all times. He/ she is also like a fireside that provides us warmth in turbulent times. One does not need to proclaim one's love for a friend. He will be able to read our thoughts, desires and expectations even when we do not express them. We can open our heart to our true friends and share our joy and sorrows with them. We realize the importance of a true friend only in his absence. Talking to a friend refreshes our minds like the morning dew. State whether the following statements are True or False: [] i) God answers our need by giving us true friends. [] ii) We never get gratitude from friends. [] iii) It is difficult to share our sorrows or problems with friends. [] iv) Friends can read our mind, even when we don't express them. [] v) True friendship is like morning dew. 227

UNIT 4 Passage 1 Olympics is the dream destination of every athlete. The Olympic emblem has 5 rings within each other, representing the 5 continents. The interlinked rings show global unity. The Olympic torch is a symbol of worshipping fire. The Olympic Mascot is the representation of the cultural prosperity of the host country. The Olympic Games have their own spirit of celebrating caliber, potential, skills, strategy and above all, devotion and dedication to the game. It begins with a grand opening ceremony and ends with a fantastic closing ceremony with beautiful fireworks. 1. What do the 5 rings in the Olympic emblem represent? 2. What does the interlinking of the rings symbolize? 3. What does the Olympic Mascot represent? 4. Describe the spirit of these games. 5. What is the dream destination of every athlete? Passage 2 Cell phones, a wonder of technology, are used to report emergencies, locate directions, call home, message friends, do business, etc. Life without them is now difficult to imagine. But cell phones have proven deadly if used while driving or walking down the street. The mistakes that cell phone users make are many and varied. It may be as trivial as getting off the wrong floor from a lift or as serious as falling down a flight of stairs. The most common one is getting knocked down by vehicles on the road. We must promote safety in cell phone usage by following some rules. We must never use a cell phone while driving or crossing the road. Being careful will save not only our lives, but others' lives as well. i) Cell phones are useful during ___________________. a) marriages b) examinations c) emergencies d) cricket matches ii) Cell phones are a _________________ of technology. a) blunder b) wonder c) wander d) wound iii) We must follow some ________________ while using cell phones. a) traffic rules b) rules and regulations c) safety rules d) discipline iv) The meaning of the word 'trivial' is a) unimportant b) important c) simple d) silly v) The most common problem with cell phone users is a) getting killed b) getting a high cell phone bill c) getting knocked down by people d) getting knocked down by vehicles 228

UNIT 5 Passage 1 King Santanu of Hastinapura was strolling on the banks of the Ganga. He saw on the banks of the river, a lady who dazzled like gold! Hers was an arresting personality. King Santanu could not look away from the lady of celestial charm. She was the river Ganga. She blushed when she became aware of King Santanu's admiring looks. When the king proposed to her to be his wife, she said that she would be his wife but subject to a condition. She said, \"You shall not cross or annoy me and shall not question my actions. If you do, I will leave you immediately.\" Santanu accepted the condition and married her. 1. Who was Santanu? 2. Whom did he see on the banks of the river? 3. Describe the beauty of Ganga in a sentence. 4. What was her condition? 5. Which kingdom was ruled by Santanu? Passage 2 The Mulshi Lake is a backwater lake. It is situated in the heart of the Sahyadri Hills about 45 km from Pune. The picturesque villages and the beautiful Pirangut Ghats near the lake are worth seeing. Tourists go there to spend quiet weekends away from the city. People play beach ball, trek in the nearby hills, walk along the water-side, or swim in the lake. The nearby dhabas serve delicious food. Paradise cafe is a favourite dhaba with tourists. Also at Mulshi, is the Kerala Ayurvedic Rejuvenation and Research Establishment (KARE). On the way up the hills, past the Mandri village is the Splendour Country Resort with wonderful facilities. i. Which dhaba is popular with tourists? a) Heaven Cafe b) Paradise Cafe c) Pirangut Cafe d) KARE Cafe ii. Near which city is Mulshi lake situated? a) Kerala b) Mandvi c) Pune d) Mumbai d) Mandvi iii. The lake is situated in the heart of the __________ hills. d) Pond a) Pirangut b) Western ghats c) Sahyadri iv. The popular resort near Mulshi lake is a) Splendid Country Resort b) Splendour Country Resort c) Stupendour Country Resort d) Super Country Resort v. What type of lake is the Mulshi lake? c) Saltwater lake a) Freshwater lake b) Backwater lake 229

III. Word-Webs UNIT ± I FAMILY Orphanage ORPHAN Unwanted Discarded by the world No mother and father No love Uncared for Long working hours CHILD Pitiable condition Domestic help LABOUR Exploitation CRY & SOS Uncared for UNIT - II SOCIAL ISSUES Affection MOTHER Takes care of the family Unconditional love Support Sacrifice Care 230

Quarelling CHILDHOOD Infancy Babies Happiness No worries Love and affection Children UNIT - III HUMANITY Nature Beautiful Singing Birds GARDEN Flowers Fruits Bring Joy Innocent Love and CHILDREN Forms of God affection Study Play UNIT - IV SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY teacher school bags SCHOOLtest students friends books 231

Machine COMPUTER Mechanical Teacher CPU Screen Fast Learning Machine Keyboard Communication CELLPHONE Mobile Facebook Messages WhatsApp UNIT V EDUCATION AND CAREER Greatness TREASURE Valuable Strengths Potential Achievements Talents To Build Buildings Designing ENGINEER Construction Sketches Cement 232

IV. Writing Discourses I. Dialogue Writing Dialogue writing is basically a conversation between two people. It could be a formal conversation or an informal conversation. Template The points that need to be kept in mind while writing a dialogue are:- x Type of participants ( For eg:- between friends or between father and son or between teacher and students, etc.) x The language used (For eg :- between friends informal words could be used where as between teacher and student formal language has to be used. x The topic to be covered. x Greetings to begin with and ending with concluding words. x Dialogue should be short and to the point Two friends meet at a restaurant and they discuss about their future plans. Write a dialogue between them. Shashank: Hi! How are you? Dheeresh: I am fine. How about you? Shashank: Where are you planning to study next? Dheeresh: It all depends on which college I get admission in. Shashank: That's true! I am planning to join CBIT. Dheeresh: In case I don't get in IIT, then I am planning to join GITAM. Shashank: Which branch of engineering are you interested in? Dheeresh: I am interested in Software Engineering, since I plan to go abroad. Shashank: That's great! I am interested in Chemical Engineering. Dheeresh: It has great prospects. Shashank: Yes I know. We must meet soon again. Dheeresh: Yes, sure! II. Writing an Article for a Newspaper Template Article writing for a newspaper is actually a type of writing in which we present our points of view on major issues related to current affairs. Therefore the following points need to be kept in mind:- x It shouldn't be too descriptive x It should be compact and to the point RneowadsxxpaacLpNcaeiandrmgeeuvenasetgsroyefadupraseeyeood.pnlsehtahorueeldrgisbeene.efRroarelmlpyaonlrotatn&amdrteaincptltie.osneodnatsheitsies naoret paecrsoomnaml.on feature of the x Deviation from the main topic must not happen 233

Write an article to be published in a newspaper giving your views on the frequency of road accidents, their causes and how they can be prevented. Escalating Road Accidents One serious road accident in the country occurs every minute. 16 people die on Indian roads every hour. 16 children die daily on Indian roads. 5 lives end on Delhi's roads daily. In 2013, there were 1,37,000 people killed; in 2014, 1,54,000; and in 2015, the number has further increased by 8.1% in the first 6 months itself. Aren't these statistics given by Transport Research Wing of the Ministry of Road Transport and Highways scary? Why is it that road accidents have increased to such a disastrous level? We need to introspect about them. Most of the accidents are due to drunken driving, lack of awareness of traffic rules, driving while speaking on cell phones and crossing of speed limits. Unless stringent action is taken by the Government, things would not change. Rules need to be implemented in a proper way. Heavy fines must be implemented for people who are violating them. The general public also has a responsibility. Every citizen has to be socially responsible and aware, because it is not only their lives which are at stake, but others' lives as well. III. Letter Writing - Informal Letter writing is an important part of written communication. They are generally of two types: Formal letters and Informal letters. In this section we would focus on informal letters. All letters follow the block format. Template An informal letter consists of six parts, in the following order: 1) The Heading - Consists of the writer's address and the date 2) The Salutation - Consists of addressing the addressee 3) The Body of the letter - Contains the main content of the letter 4) The Subscription - Ending of the letter, e.g., Thank you, Your friend, etc. 5) The Signature 6) The Superscription - Consists of the Sender's address to be written on the envelope The following hints may help you in writing your letter: - A hill station in Visakhapatnam, about 120 km from the city - In the Eastern Ghats - 2990 ft above sea level - Beautiful green mountains, valleys and waterfalls - Very popular with tourists - Burra caves, coffee plantations, tribal museum, etc. tourist spots 234

From Flat No: 205 AVM Apartments Karasa, Visakhapatnam Date: 31st December 2018 Dear Sushmit, Hope you are enjoying your winter vacation. This year I had a wonderful vacation. My family members and I, along with some family friends, went to Araku valley for a 3-day pleasure trip. As you know, Araku is a hill station 120 km from the city of Visakhapatnam, nestled in the foothills of the Eastern Ghats. As it is 2990 ft above sea level, the temperature there was around 8 - 9 degrees. Oh! It was really chilly. The beautiful green valleys, the mountains, the small tribal villages scattered on the way, and the coffee plantations, were all deliciously beautiful. The Burra caves were mysterious and interesting. We visited all the tourist places in and around Araku. We had a great time. Hoping you'll be able to join us for the next holiday. To Yours lovingly Mr. Sushmit Aravind Prakash Road, Amalapuram East Godavari Dist. IV. Story writing Story writing is a delightful form of composition. It has its own charm. Everyone likes to read a story or write a story. Template x Understanding the central idea of the outline given. x Having a definite idea of the plot of the story. x Beginning and ending must be striking x Simple language must be used x Preferably a moral to be added x Story must always be narrated in Past tense. The following hints will help in writing a good and an interesting story: Develop the given outline of a story and give a suitable title for it. 235

Hints: A dog - comes by a piece of meat - goes outside - crosses a bridge - sees his reflection - thinks the other dog has a bigger piece of meat - greed overtakes him - barks at image - loses his piece of meat. Story: Once a dog was searching for food. It found a piece of meat. It was very happy. Being afraid of other dogs, he ran to the jungle to eat the meat in peace. On its way, there was a stream and a bridge across it. While crossing the bridge, the dog looked into the water. He saw a dog carrying a big piece of meat. It was his own reflection. But the foolish dog took it to be another dog. Greed overpowered him. He started barking at his rival. At once, his own piece of meat fell from his mouth into the water. The poor dog repented his folly. His greed made him lose his piece of meat. Moral: Greed is a curse. Title of the Story: The Greedy Dog V. Creating an Advertisement Advertisements are a powerful tool of expression. They are used either to make us aware of a new product launched or to spread a social message or to give certain information to the public. Advertisements involve a lot of creativity. Template x Content should be presented interestingly x Short phrases must be used x Pictures can be used for better impact x An advertisement must have the sender's details x Contact numbers and e- mail address must be given x Captions make them more noticeable Key characteristics of an advertisement: x Catching attention x Stimulating interest x Arousing desire x Supplying details x Motivating action Create an advertisement for the given details of a tour: South India Tour, 11 days; Lodging, Boarding, bus/ train bookings, food; all inclusive Rs 10,000 per head; Tour dates 9th Jan to 20th Jan Contact: Manmohan; Phone: 9849210037 e-mail address: [email protected] Southern Travels 236

SOUTH INDIA TOUR Surprisingly low prices; excellent facilities like never before! HURRY UP!! AVAIL THE OPPORTUNITY!! Katpad Kanyakumari Madurai Thanjavur Arunachalam Trivendrum Tiruchirapalli Chennai /RGJLQJbRDUGLQJEXV WUDLQERRNLQJVIRRGALL INCLUSIVE- ONLY 5VSHUKHDG!! TOUR DATES: 9th - 20th Jan 2020 SOUTHERN TRAVELS PVT. LIMITED, DWARAKANAGAR 3RD LANE, VIZAG Contact: Manmohan; Ph: 9849210037, e-mail address: [email protected] VI. Writing a notice Imagine you are the Principal of a school and prepare a notice to be put up on the school notice board, warning the students against buying food from roadside vendors. Template A notice must have the following characteristics: x Must be brief x Eye-catching captions x Must have points in order of priority x Content must be presented in concrete manner 237

St. James High School, Porur NOTICE Monday, 1.1. 2019 Warning against unhealthy food Serious cases of food poisoning have been reported recently by many parents. Therefore, all students are hereby requested and advised to bring home-cooked food or eat from our School Canteen only. I strongly urge you all to please refrain from eating snacks and lunch bought from road-side vendors. Let us all take this step together towards healthy eating. I expect complete co-operation from each of you and would be disappointed to learn otherwise. Praveen K. Principal VII. Sending an SMS or text message An SMS or a text message is a means of communication which is very brief and intends only to pass on important information. The Short Message Service (sms) is a text messaging service which is most popular nowadays. Template x 5HFHLYHU¶s identity - Name or Phone Number x Main information in 10-12 words x Reason for sending x Sender's name or Phone number (1) Send an SMS to your class teacher regarding your leave of absence from school the next day. Dear Beena ma'am Will be absent tomorrow. Have to attend a cousin's wedding. -Sanjana (2) Write a message to your friend asking him to get his revision worksheet file as you were absent from school for 3 days. Dear Subbu, Please bring your revision worksheet file tomorrow. I want to take down important questions. Thanks. -Sanjay VIII. Biographical Sketch A biographical sketch is the story of the life of a famous personality - either living or dead, giving details about his personal life, his professional life, his achievements and his fame. 238

Template x The full name, date of birth, place of birth, town, state, country, etc. x Some more personal details x Professional details of his career x Achievements and honours x Contribution to the nation Write a biographical sketch of M.S Dhoni based on the hints given below. ¾ Full name: Mahendra Singh Dhoni ¾ Born on 7th July 1981 (34 years) ¾ Born in Ranchi, Bihar, India ¾ Indian Cricket Captain since 2005 ¾ Right handed batsman ¾ Role - Wicket keeper, Captain ¾ Matches won 270 ODIs, 52 T20 matches ¾ Runs scored total 4,876, ODIs 8,832 ¾ Most wins by an Indian Captain ¾ Won World Cup in 2011, T-20 World Cup in 2007 ¾ Many more achievements of winning numerous trophies and championships. ¾ Awarded player of the year in 2008, Rajiv Gandhi Khel award in 2007, Padma Shri in 2009 M. S. Dhoni, popularly called Mahi or MSD or simply, Dhoni, the Indian Cricket captain, doesn't need an introduction. Even a child knows his name. His full name is Mahendra Singh Dhoni. He was born on 7th July 1981 at Ranchi in Bihar, India. He made his debut in 2004 and became the Captain in 2005. He is a right-handed top class batsman and an excellent wicket keeper. The wicket keeper- batsman combination being a part of the cricket team for such a long period is a rare occurrence. He is appreciated for his captaincy and cool command towards his teammates. He has won many laurels for the country. He won 270 ODIs and 52 T20 matches, besides test matches. He has the credit of being the Indian Captain with the most number of wins. He captained the team to victory in the World Cup tournament in 2011 and the T-20 World Cup in 2007. He has many more achievements, trophies and championships to his name. He was awarded the Player of the Year award in 2008, the Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna Award in 2007 and the Prestigious Padma Shri in 2009. He is the heartthrob of millions of cricket crazy fans of our country. He is the Pride of India. 239