ENGLISH 2 LANGUAGE Name: ___________________________________ Section: ________________ Roll No.: _________ School: __________________________________
Contents Part 1 1 Nouns – Naming Words ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 1 2 Punctuation ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 7 P1: Picture Reading 13 3 One and Many ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 16 4 Pronouns ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 27 P2: Picture Reading 37 5 Adjectives – Describing Words ��������������������������������������������������������������������� 40 6 Articles ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 47 P3: Picture Reading 53 7 Verbs – Action Words ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 56
1 Nouns – Naming Words Nouns – naming words Read the following passage: This May, I went to Goa with my mother, father and younger sister. There are many beaches there. I liked Colva beach the most. My little sister, Jhanvi, loved playing in the water. We also visited many churches. We took many photographs of the cities in Goa. Can you underline the special names and tick the common names in the passage given above? Remember • N aming words are the names given to all people, places, animals and things around us. Naming words are also called nouns. • The common naming words that you have learnt about are called common nouns. Common nouns name people, places, animals or things in general. They do not begin with a capital letter. Examples: girl, city, dog, park, month • T he special naming words that you have learnt about are called proper nouns. Proper nouns name a particular person, place, animal or thing. They always begin with a capital letter. Examples: Suman, Bengaluru, Bruno, Funtime Park, March 1
Gender of nouns Nouns can also be sorted according to their gender • M asculine gender nouns: These • N euter gender nouns: These are the names given to boys, are nouns that name non-living men and male animals. things without any gender. They Examples: son, uncle, cock, are used to name things and headmaster, king, fox places. They are also used to name the days of the week and the months of the year. Examples: shoe, bag, garden, water, van, clip, hill • F eminine gender nouns: These • C ommon gender nouns: These are the names given to girls, refer to nouns that can be male women and female animals. or female. Examples: doctor, Examples: daughter, aunt, hen, pilot, relative, friend, artist, baby headmistress, queen, vixen Exercise 1: Sort the nouns given in the box into the correct columns. One is done for you. June school horse Amita shoes B. R. Library Common noun Proper noun a) school b) c) d) e) f) Exercise 2: Underline the nouns and write if they are proper nouns (PN) or common nouns (CN). One is done for you. a) Ravi sleeps on a soft pillow. Ans. Ravi – PN, pillow – CN 2
b) The desk is filled with books. Ans. c) Kabir sings beautiful songs. Ans. d) Rajiv broke my pen and pencil. Ans. e) The girl in that room is dancing. Ans. f) Kolkata is a city in West Bengal. Ans. Exercise 3: Fill in the blanks with the correct masculine or feminine gender nouns. One is done for you. Masculine Feminine a) brother a) sister b) king b) c) c) grandmother d) d) hen e) e) actress f) bull f) Nouns – Naming Words 3
2 Punctuation Punctuation Punctuation marks are symbols that help us to understand a sentence better. . Full stop It is used to end a statement. Example: Dogs are cute. I like them. ? Question mark It is used to end a question. Example: Where is Sarah? , Comma It is used to separate three or more words in a list. Example: I need red, blue, orange and green shirts. ! Exclamation It shows strong feelings of surprise, mark excitement, anger or happiness. Example: What a beautiful painting! A few words always start with a capital letter. Remember the acronym M.I.N.T.S. for the usage of capital letters. Acronym Examples • My birthday is in May. M : months, names of days • We have a holiday on Sunday. I : the word ‘I’ • I like to paint. N : s pecial names given to • I study in Class 2. people, states, cities and • M y cousin Anu lives in Pune in countries – proper nouns Maharashtra. • Soni went to Jaipur in the summer. 7
Acronym Examples • I am going to see The Jungle Book T : titles of books and movies today. S : start of sentences • Noddy is my favourite book. • T here are many trees in the garden. There is a rose bush as well. Exercise 1: Rewrite the sentences using capital letters wherever needed. One is done for you. a) my birthday is in july. Ans. My birthday is in July. b) ajay, vivaan and shiraz are my friends. Ans. c) punit lives in kanpur. Ans. d) i have a new watch. Ans. e) the name of my school is brightminds school. Ans. f) the concert is on friday. Ans. 8
Exercise 2: The sentences given below end with incorrect punctuation marks. Fill in the blanks with the correct punctuation marks to end the sentences. One is done for you. a) I am so happy that we have won the match. ! b) My name is Miriam? ________ c) The stars are far away! ________ d) Are you hungry! ________ e) Oh no, I lost my book, ________ f) Will you come with me. ________ Exercise 3: Add the missing punctuation marks and rewrite the sentences. Also, add capital letters wherever needed. One is done for you. a) i took my paints crayons colour pencils and drawing book to class Ans. I took my paints, crayons, colour pencils and drawing book to class. b) piyush went to the library on saturday Ans. c) what a pretty picture Ans. d) when are we going to the park Ans. e) he has a toy car elephant a puzzle and a soft toy Ans. Punctuation 9
f) sania celebrates her birthday in march Ans. 10
P1 Picture Reading Picture 1 Look at the picture given below and choose the correct answers. 1) The child wearing a green T-shirt is using a blue _______. [ ] ] a) computer b) book c) notebook d) pen ] 2) The window has _______ curtains. [ a) yellow b) green c) red d) purple 3) There are two boys in the picture. The feminine form of [ ‘boy’ is _______. a) child b) girl c) boys d) children 13
4) The window is closed. The opposite of ‘closed’ is _______. [ ] ] a) open b) shut c) covered d) closing 5) The children are in a library. A library is _______. [ a) a place where we play b) a place where we sleep c) a place where we find books d) a place where we sing Picture 2 Look at the picture given below and choose the correct answers. 6) We can see four _______. [ ] [ ] a) trees b) lamp posts c) cars d) flags d) rainy 7) What is the weather like? a) night b) spring c) sunrise 14
8) Father is driving the car. _______ is sitting on the driver’s seat.[ ] a) She b) They c) He d) It 9) The family is in a blue car. ‘Blue’ is a _______. [ ] a) colour b) fruit c) vegetable d) sound 10) A rhyming word for ‘car’ is _______. [ ] a) can b) corn c) cars d) star Picture Reading 1 15
3 One and Many Singular and plural nouns Read the given words. Write the plural forms of the words. bus – _______________________ tomato – _______________________ church – _______________________ box – _______________________ bush – _______________________ class – _______________________ Remember • M ost words are made plural by adding ‘-s’ to the end of the words. • To form the plural of nouns that end in ‘-x’, ‘-o’, ‘-s’, ‘-ch’, ‘-sh’ and ‘-ss’, we add ‘-es’ to the end of the words. Here are a few more examples of the plural forms learnt till now. Singular Plural Singular Plural Singular Plural fruit fruits tree trees fox foxes potato potatoes gas gases batch batches peach peaches patch patches coach coaches brush brushes boss bosses cross crosses 16
More on plurals Read the following sentences: Tina had a candy. She There is a lady inside My sister has a diary. bought fifteen more the doctor’s office. I have many diaries. candies. There are two ladies in the waiting room. Remember To form the plurals of nouns that end in ‘-y’, we replace the ‘-y’ with ‘-ies’ to the ends of the words. Examples: Singular Plural Singular Plural baby babies enemy enemies city cities family families countries party parties country Read the following passage: This is the Patel family. Mr Patel is working in the kitchen along with his two children. His wife, Megha Patel, is doing her office work. The children bought two loaves of bread in the morning to make sandwiches. They carefully cut slices of bread using knives. Now, Mr Patel is chopping carrots, cucumbers, lettuce leaves and other vegetables. Mr Patel knows where everything is kept on the kitchen shelves. One and Many 17
Remember To form the plurals of words that end in ‘-f’ or ‘-fe’, change the ‘-f’ or ‘-fe’ to ‘-ve’ and then add an ‘-s’. Examples: Singular Plural Singular Plural loaf loaves knife knives leaf leaves shelf shelves wolf wolves thief thieves life half halves lives Note: A few words ending in ‘-f’ or ‘-fe’ do not follow this rule. For such words, we simply add ‘-s’ to form the plurals. Examples: cliff – cliffs, roof – roofs, chief – chiefs Exercise 1: Write the plural form of each noun. One is done for you. a) dress dresses b) fox ____________________ 18
c) wish ____________________ d) peach ____________________ e) lunch ____________________ f) potato ____________________ Exercise 2: Match the given singular nouns with their plural forms. One is done for you. Singular Plural a) leaf C A) elves b) elf B) butterflies c) butterfly C) leaves d) chief D) ladies e) lady E) fairies f) fairy F) chiefs One and Many 19
Exercise 3: Read the sentences and colour the correct plural forms from the given options. One is done for you. a) One sandwich is on the table, and two _____________ are in the tiffin box. sandwiches sandwichs sandwichves sandwich b) There are many _____________ in the world. countrys countrees countries countryss c) I can see _____________ on the road. busies buss busses buses d) I have two pairs of sports _____________. shoees shoess shoes shose e) The _____________ ran away. thieves thiefs theeves thiefes f) I have kept the _____________ in the bathroom. brushs brushes brushess brush Countable and uncountable nouns Look around your classroom. Can you name a few things (nouns) in the room that can be counted? Nouns that name things that we can count are called countable nouns. Examples: book – we can count the number of books • a dog, three cats, an animal, one man • many bottles, a few boxes, six pens • a table, the chairs one book three books 20
Remember • When a countable noun is singular, we use ‘a’, ‘an’, ‘the’ or the number ‘one’ before it. • When a countable noun is plural, we use words like ‘many’, ‘a few’ or numbers greater than one (two, three and so on) before it. Now, can you think of things (nouns) that cannot be counted? Nouns that name things that cannot be counted are called uncountable nouns. For example, we cannot say ‘one milk’, ‘two milk’ or ‘three milk’. We can say ‘a milk bottle’, ‘two milk bottles’ or ‘three milk bottles’. Here, we are counting the bottles and not the milk. Here are a few more examples of uncountable nouns. • lots of love, a lot of happiness, a little bit of sadness • a piece of furniture or luggage, a lot of homework some milk two milk bottles • a little rice or sugar, a lot of water, some milk Remember • All uncountable nouns are singular. There is no plural form for these words. • We use words like ‘some’, ‘little’, ‘any’ or ‘much’ before uncountable nouns when we do not use any other unit. One and Many 21
4 Pronouns Pronouns We know that naming words are called nouns. A pronoun is a word that we use in place of a noun. Examples: He She Ram is a boy. Ram is five years old. Taffy is a turtle. Taffy is very old. Subject and object pronouns Most sentences have a subject and an object. The subject of a sentence is the The object of a sentence is the person or thing doing the action. person or thing receiving the action. Example: Rita ate an apple. Rita ate an apple. subject object Remember • O bject pronouns replace the • Pronouns replace nouns. object in a sentence. • S ubject pronouns replace the Rita ate it. subject in a sentence. object pronoun She ate an apple. subject pronoun 27
Now, read the given sentence. She ate it. subject object pronoun pronoun Singular Plural Subject pronouns I you he she it we you they Object pronouns me you him her it us you them Examples of subject pronouns: Examples of object pronouns: I like your dress. Can you help me? She is my friend. I can see him. Replacing nouns with pronouns Mohit can see Sahil. Mohit waves to Sahil. Mohit greets Sahil. Here, we can use ‘he’ in place of Mohit and ‘him’ in place of Sahil after the first time. Ans. Mohit can see Sahil. He waves to him. He greets him. Reflexive pronouns Sometimes, the subject and the object of a sentence are the same. Gaurav can fix the toy She can complete the They cooked the meal by himself. project by herself. by themselves. Such sentences use reflexive pronouns (himself, herself, themselves) to refer back to the subject (noun or pronoun) of the sentence. 28
Read carefully: a) Gaurav can fix the toy truck by himself. ‘Gaurav’ is both the subject and the object of this sentence. The reflexive pronoun ‘himself’ refers to ‘Gaurav’. It means that Gaurav can fix his toy on his own. b) In the same way, in the second sentence, the reflexive pronoun ‘herself’ refers to the pronoun ‘she’. She can complete her project on her own. c) The reflexive pronoun ‘themselves’ refers to the pronoun ‘they’ in the third sentence. They cooked the meal on their own. Here are the subject pronouns and the reflexive pronouns used for them. Subject pronouns Reflexive pronouns Reflexive pronouns (Singular) (Plural) I myself – you yourself he himself yourselves she herself – itself – it – – we – they ourselves themselves Remember • Singular reflexive pronouns are formed with ‘-self’ and plural with ‘- selves’. • When a reflexive pronoun replaces phrases like ‘on my (her/his/our/ their) own’, the preposition ‘on’ should be changed to ‘by’. Example: Namrata did it on her own. Namrata did it by herself. Pronouns 29
Look at the pictures and write the correct reflexive pronouns in the blanks. The TV turned off by I walked home by The two of you ________________. (himself, herself, itself) ______________________. baked the cupcakes (ourselves, myself, _________________. himself) (themselves, yourself, yourselves) Exercise 1: Rewrite the sentences with the correct subject pronouns for the underlined nouns. One is done for you. a) Aryan went to the market. Ans. He went to the market. b) Shikha has a red ball. Ans. c) Ali and Sohan went to school together. Ans. d) The shirt is dirty. Ans. e) Sarah and I are good friends. Ans. f) Rohan loves to play football. Ans. 30
Exercise 2: Rewrite the sentences with the correct object pronouns for the underlined nouns. One is done for you. a) The fairy gave Mira three wishes. Ans. The fairy gave her three wishes. b) Mother read a story to Punam and Shreya. Ans. c) The clown did a trick for the students. Ans. d) My dog came with the bone to the garden. Ans. e) The teacher gave Ayaz a new book. Ans. f) The baker gave Bhumi and me a cake. Ans. Exercise 3: State if the underlined pronouns are subject pronouns or object pronouns. One is done for you. a) He threw the ball to me. – object pronoun b) It bit me hard. – c) You like to eat ice cream. – d) I would not know that. – Pronouns 31
e) The teacher did not call him. – f) They are very happy to hear that. – 32
P2 Picture Reading Picture 1 Look at the picture given below and choose the correct answers. 1) H ow many honey bees can you see in the picture? [ ] ] a) one b) two c) three d) four ] 2) The _______ is sitting on the tree trunk. [ a) tortoise b) deer c) rabbit d) mushroom 3) The deer _______ the tortoise are walking. [ a) is b) are c) and d) does 37
4) The home of honey bees is called a _______. [ ] a) beehive b) tree trunk c) tree d) house 5) The animals are in a forest. ‘Forest’ rhymes with _______. [ ] a) jungle b) ghost c) woods d) bravest Picture 2 Look at the picture given below and choose the correct answers. 6) There are _______ cats in the picture. [ ] [ ] a) one b) two c) three d) four d) yellow 7) The _______ cat is on the cupboard. a) black b) brown c) white 38
8) The sofa is next to the cupboard. _______ is blue in colour. [ ] a) They b) He c) It d) She 9) There are pictures on the wall. The word that is closest in [ ] meaning to ‘pictures’ is _______. a) paper b) photographs c) tables d) pencils 10) The pictures are above the sofa. The opposite of [ ] ‘above’ is _______. a) beside b) up c) in d) below Picture Reading 2 39
5 Adjectives – Describing Words Adjectives – describing words Read the paragraph given below. Underline the describing words and say which nouns or pronouns they describe. Three members of my family and I went on a picnic. We were very happy. We had big smiles on our faces. We had taken fresh fruits and tasty food with us on the picnic. I had a lovely day. Remember • Describing words tell us more about nouns or pronouns. • Describing words are also called adjectives. • A djectives that point out the quality of nouns or pronouns are called adjectives of quality. Quality Examples Quality Examples colour green look beautiful vegetables crown sound quiet size big room church 40
Quality Examples Quality Examples shape round taste sweet clock lollipop weather snowy touch soft morning blanket behaviour naughty smell sweet- child smelling flowers Exercise 1: Look at the pictures given below. Fill in the blanks with adjectives of quality from the box that match the pictures. One is done for you. sweet heavy broken tired happy white a) happy children b) ______________ cup c) ______________ flower d) ______________ candy e) ______________ books f) ______________ man Adjectives – Describing Words 41
Exercise 2: Match each adjective of quality with a noun that it can describe. One is done for you. Column A D Column B a) fast A) night b) hot B) door c) dark C) food d) interesting D) runner e) open E) book f) healthy F) water Exercise 3: Underline the nouns. Circle any adjectives of quality that may describe the nouns. One is done for you. a) I love my blue dress. b) Zeenat found a shiny coin. c) Naitik got a pretty doll on his birthday. d) The old man crossed the road. e) The funny clown made us laugh. f) Chris cleaned his dirty room. 42
6 Articles Articles Complete the story by filling the correct articles in the blanks. There was once __________ man. On __________ lovely, sunny day, he was sitting under __________ apple tree. __________ tree he was sitting under was very big. He was reading __________ book under __________ tree. Suddenly, __________ apple fell on his head. He put __________ book down. ‘Wow!’ he thought. ‘I have been here for so long. This is __________ interesting book.’ Remember There are three articles: a, an and the. • We use a before a word (noun) beginning with a consonant sound. Consonant sounds are sounds made by all letters except a, e, i, o and u. Examples: a book, a pencil • We use an before a word (noun) beginning with a vowel sound. Vowel sounds are sounds made by the letters a, e, i, o and u. Examples: an elephant, an umbrella • We use a or an before singular nouns. Examples: a lady, an old lady a hotels • We use the to refer to a specific or particular noun or nouns that have been spoken about earlier. The is also used while talking about the Sun, the Moon, the Earth and so on. Examples: T he boy who stood first is sitting there. The Sun has its own light. 47
Exercise 1: Look at the pictures and fill in the blanks with ‘a’ or ‘an’. One is done for you. a) b) c) an ant and a burger ________ sparrow and ________ elephant and ________ insect ________ bird d) e) f) ________ kitten and ________ eagle and ________ apple and ________ umbrella ________ mouse ________ orange Exercise 2: Underline the articles in the sentences given below. One is done for you. a) There was a lamp and an armchair in the room. b) I have a green dress. The green dress is pretty. c) They ordered a mango cake and an orange cake. The cakes were tasty. d) The Moon looks beautiful at night. e) A bird is flying in the sky. f) Sonia eats an egg every day in the morning. 48
Exercise 3: Tick ‘Yes’ or ‘No’. One is done for you. Can we say – a) an dog? Yes No b) a octopus? Yes No c) a car? Yes No d) the elephants? Yes No e) an owl? Yes No f) an man? Yes No Articles 49
P3 Picture Reading Picture 1 Look at the picture given below and choose the correct answers. 1) We can see _______ flags on the palace. [ ] [ ] a) one b) two c) three d) four [ ] 2) Tick the correct option. a) The king and the queen look sad. b) The king and the queen look happy. c) The king and the queen look angry. d) The king and the queen look surprised. 3) There is _______ stream in front of the palace. a) a b) an c) the d) three 53
4) The king and the queen are wearing crowns. A rhyming word for ‘crowns’ is _______. [ ] a) grown b) crows c) cans d) clowns 5) The king and the queen are standing in front of their palace. A palace is _______. [ ] a) the house of a cat b) the house of kings and queens c) the school of kings and queens d) the playground of kings and queens Picture 2 Look at the picture given below and choose the correct answers. 6) _______ children are in the picture. [ ] a) Two b) Three c) Four d) Five 54
7) _______ is in the sky. [ ] a) The Sun b) The Moon c) A bird d) An aeroplane 8) ‘ There are colourful bulbs in the picture.’ The adjective in [ ] this sentence is _______. a) are b) bulbs c) in d) colourful 9) The children are exchanging gifts at night. The opposite of [ ] ‘night’ is _______. a) night-time b) morning c) day d) evening 10) T he boy is giving a gift to the girl. A rhyming word for ‘gift’ is _______. [ ] a) girl b) got c) lift d) soft Picture Reading 3 55
7 Verbs – Action Words Verbs – action words Riya and her friends love doing things. Rahul loves to paint. Riya plays the violin. Aditi takes pictures and Varun exercises. The words ‘paint’, ‘play’, ‘take’ and ‘exercise’ are action words or doing words. They are also called verbs. What actions can you see in the following pictures? ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ Helping verbs A few verbs do not show action but help the main verbs to complete their meaning. They come before the main verbs. Such verbs are called helping verbs. Helping verb Usage Example is used with ‘he’, ‘she’, Rama is doing her homework. are ‘it’ and singular nouns Main verb: doing The children are playing in the used with ‘you’, ‘we’, garden. ‘they’ and plural Main verb: playing nouns 56
Helping verb Usage Example I am walking. am used only with ‘I’ Main verb: walking Exercise 1: Circle the verbs in the sentences given below. One is done for you. a) I eat an apple every day. b) I jump on my bed. c) Birds fly in the sky. d) Sam rides a bicycle. e) A deer runs very fast. f) Rima reads a book. Exercise 2: Look at the words given in the box. Then, look at each picture and choose the verb related to the picture. One is done for you. hop crawl squeeze drive skip write a) b) c) Ans. skip Ans. __________________ Ans. __________________ Verbs – Action Words 57
d) e) f) Ans. __________________ Ans. __________________ Ans. __________________ Exercise 3: Complete the crossword puzzle with verbs. Use the hints given below. One is done for you. f) A e) R E c) O D a) D d) R I NK S b) D C S Across: a) Sohan drinks milk. b) We __________________ together. c) She __________________ the gift that I gave her. Down: d) Vinu __________________ his bicycle to school. e) I __________________ a story before going to bed. f) Fruits __________________ good for health. 58
Contents Part 2 8 Tenses ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 1 P4: Picture Reading .. 8 9 Adverbs ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 10 10 Prepositions – position words ������������������������������������������������������������������������ 17 P5: Picture Reading .. 26 11 Conjunctions – joining words ������������������������������������������������������������������������ 28
8 Tenses Revision of tenses The simple present tense Fill in the blanks with the simple present tense form of the verbs given in brackets. Maggie __________________ (visit) her grandparents. They ________________ (live) in Shimla. Maggie often ________________ (go) there. When she is in Shimla, she _______________ (wake up) at 6 o’clock in the morning. She _______________ (help) her grandparents in the garden and kitchen every day. At night, they _______________ (play) carrom. Remember T he simple present tense describes habits, regular events and actions that are always true. Rule: subject + base verb (+ -s/-es) + object Examples: • Harish gets up at 6 o’clock in the morning every day. • The Sun rises in the east. Add ‘-s’ or ‘-es’ to verbs that follow ‘he’, ‘she’, ‘it’ and singular nouns. Do not add ‘-s’ or ‘-es’ to verbs that come after ‘I’, ‘we’, ‘you’, ‘they’ and plural nouns. 1
Exercise 1: Fill in the blanks using the given verbs in the simple present tense. One is done for you. begin talk open ring sit read a) The bell rings at 8 o’clock in the morning. b) The teacher ______________________ the door. c) I ______________________ in the second row. d) Seema ______________________ to me. e) Our teacher ______________________ the lesson. f) We ______________________ our English books. The simple past tense Read the paragraph and underline the verbs in the simple past tense. Yesterday, I walked to the park. Suddenly, a big, white rabbit in a blue coat jumped out of the bushes. The busy rabbit hopped hurriedly. He stopped for a minute and looked at his watch. Remember T he simple past tense talks about actions that are finished or were completed earlier. Rule: subject + past tense form of verb + object Examples: • Rustom played with Samira yesterday. • We talked last night. In the simple past tense: is and am was are were The past tense forms of most words are made by adding ‘-d’, ‘-ed’ or ‘-ied’ (for a few words that end in ‘-y’). 2
Exercise 2: Make sentences in the simple past tense using the verbs given in brackets. One is done for you. a) The boy tasted (taste) the cake. b ) She ______________________ (wash) the clothes. c) Julie ______________________ (finish) her homework at night. d) The birds ______________________ (play) with each other. e) It ______________________ (rain) last afternoon. f) The cat ______________________ (chase) the mouse. The future tense Fill in the blanks with verbs in the future tense. One is done for you. • My aunt will travel (travel) to Cochin next week. • Her alarm clock ___________________________ (ring) at 8 o’clock tomorrow. • I ___________________________ (answer) all the questions correctly tomorrow. • They ___________________________ (paint) a picture in a few days. • W e ___________________________ (decorate) the Christmas tree together next year. Tenses 3
Remember The future tense talks about actions or events that will happen later. It also tells us about promises, decisions or hopes about a later time. Rule: subject + will + base verb + object Examples: • I will become a teacher in five years. • I will tell you tomorrow. To talk about events or actions that will NOT happen, we use the word ‘not’ between ‘will’ and the ‘base verb’. Example: • We will not come to school next week. Exercise 3: Choose the correct verbs from the box to complete the sentences. One is done for you. sing fly sleep feel win eat a) Anu will eat the pie by herself. b) This aeroplane will ________________ in the sky. c) She will ________________ happy if she wins the game tomorrow. d) Azhar will ________________ a song for the function next month. 4
e) You will ________________ if you practise every day. f) He will ________________ after a few hours. Now read some examples of sentences in all three tenses. Simple present tense Simple past tense Simple future tense She knocks on the She knocked on the She will knock on the door. door. door. We wait in the class. We waited in the class. We will wait in the class. Rachel chews her food Rachel chewed her food Rachel will chew her properly. properly. food properly. Tenses 5
P4 Picture Reading Picture 1 Look at the picture given below and choose the correct answers. 1) The time is ______. [ ] a) 11:30 b) 01:30 c) 12:30 d) 04:30 2) There is a ______ on the platform. [ ] a) bench b) stool c) desk d) blackboard 3) A man ______ a woman are getting off the train. [ ] a) but b) and c) or d) so 4) There is a man with a mop. The word that rhymes with [ ] ‘mop’ is ______. a) hope b) most c) mat d) hop 8
5) There is a ______ in the picture. We throw rubbish in it. [ ] a) bag b) bench c) dustbin d) train Picture 2 Look at the picture given below and write what is happening in it. Picture Reading 4 9
9 Adverbs Introduction to adverbs She ran slowly. He spoke impatiently. The children played gladly. Remember Look at the words ‘slowly’, ‘impatiently’ and ‘gladly’. All of these words show how the actions of ‘running’, ‘speaking’ and ‘playing’ were done. Such words are also known as adverbs. Adverbs tell us when, where, why or how an action happens. Exercise 1: The action words or verbs are underlined in the given sentences. Circle the adverbs that describe the verbs. One is done for you. a) He shyly answered the question. b) My granny smiled at me kindly. c) The Sun shines brightly. d) Jamal quickly walked home. e) They came home safely. f) Natasha spoke rudely to her sister. 10
Adverbs vs. adjectives Many adverbs are formed by adding ‘-ly’ to the end of an adjective. Let us look at a few examples. Adjective Adverb Adjective Adverb swift swiftly sudden suddenly quick quickly polite politely For adjectives that end in ‘-y’, we Some adjectives remain the can form adverbs by replacing same when they become the ‘-y’ with ‘-ily’. adverbs. Examples: Examples: • angry – angrily • fast – fast • lucky – luckily • hard – hard Now, it is your turn to make more adverbs from the following adjectives: slow easy neat ________________________________________________________________________ Remember How do we know if a word is an adjective or an adverb? Adjectives describe nouns or pronouns. Example: • S he is a happy girl. (‘Happy’ is an adjective that describes ‘girl’, a noun.) Adverbs describe a verb or an adjective. Examples: • T he girl sang happily. (The adverb ‘happily’ describes the action of how ‘the girl sang’.) • This book is very interesting. (The adverb ‘very’ describes the adjective ‘interesting’ and tells us how interesting the book was.) Adverbs 11
Exercise 2: Underline the adjectives and circle the adverbs in the given sentences. One is done for you. a) Babloo looked at the broken toy sadly . b) Mayur quickly jumped into the clear pond. c) The lion roared loudly at the small mouse. d) It rained heavily in the big city. e) Dhiraj slowly picked up the old leaves. f) The man lives peacefully in the beautiful mountains. 12
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