202110734-PERFORM-TEACHER-TEACHER_COMPANION_BOOK-ENGLISH-G06-FY

PRACTICE SHEET - 1 (PS-1) I. Study the following sentences and identify the 3. The lion growled ___________ as the hunter adverbs and state their kind. Look at the given approached. example. (a) Softly The girl sang sweetly. (b) Gently Ans: adverb-sweetly, adverb of manner (c) Politely (d) Angrily 1. What is Rahul doing outside? 2. My sister plays badminton every day. 4. He is good at Mathematics so he could solve 3. I look forward to hearing from you soon. the sum ___________. 4. The girl was talking softly. (a) Really 5. The girls are playing there. (b) Lazily 6. During the lunch break, children usually rush (c) Truly (d) Easily out. 7. She danced gracefully. 5. Gyan’s father is an honest person. He does 8. My father has travelled everywhere. his work ___________. 9. I usually walk to office. (a) Firstly 10. Keep the bag there. (b) Dearly (c) Dutifully Ans: (d) Easily 1. What is Rahul doing outside? Adverb of place 6. You must go to that bakery. They always 2. My sister plays badminton every day. Adverb serve ___________ baked cake. (a) Daily of frequency (b) Freshly 3. I look forward to hearing from you soon. Ad- (c) Newly (d) Finely verb of time 4. The girl was talking softly. Adverb of manner 7. For adding flavour to the soup, we should 5. The girls are playing there. Adverb of place add ___________ chopped vegetables. 6. During the lunch break, children usually rush (a) Nicely (b) Finely out. Adverb of frequency (c) Daily 7. She danced gracefully. Adverb of manner (d) Easily 8. My father has travelled everywhere. Adverb of 8. Mohan didn’t want to miss his flight, so he place rushed to the airport ___________. 9. I usually walk to office. Adverb of frequency (a) Fast 10. Keep the bag there. Adverb of place (b) Furiously (c) Slowly II. Read the following sentences and choose the (d) Happily appropriate adverbs from the choices given. Look at the given example. 9. Ramesh can speak both Hindi and English All the injured people were ___________ rescued. ___________. (a) Naturally (a) Nicely (b) Hopefully (b) Fluently (c) Safely (c) Politely (d) Unluckily (d) Regularly Ans: (c) Safely 10. Mr. Kumar is very hospitable. He greeted the 1. Meera loves reading and visits the library guest ___________. ___________. (a) Warmly (a) Regularly (b) Politely (b) Lately (c) Easily (c) Hardly (d) Naturally (d) Seldom 151 2. Mohan loves wearing ___________ coloured shirts. He looks nice in them. (a) Lazily (b) Dully (c) Sadly (d) Brightly

PRACTICE SHEET - 1 (PS-1) Ans: 1. (a) regularly 2. (d) Brightly 3. (d) Angrily 4. (d) easily 5. (c) dutifully 6. (b) freshly 7. (b) finely 8. (a) fast 9. (b) fluently 10. (a) warmly 152

PRACTICE SHEET - 2 (PS-2) I. Replace the underlined phrases with a suitable to see me soaking wet. She took me to the hot adverb. Look at the given example. shower hurriedly after which I put on clean dry The nurse removed the bandage from the wound clothes. She was worried that I might get sick. with care. Well, I did not. In fact I felt great, having had such Ans: The nurse removed the bandage from the a wonderful experience walking in the rain. wound carefully. 1. I was waiting for my final exam result with Ans: anxiety. As I stepped out from the bus, I saw that the 2. He was tired that he fell asleep without dark clouds had covered the sky completely.. It delay. looked like it would rain heavily. I walked brisk- 3. This incident has happened not long ago. ly towards home which was a good kilometre 4. She is very clever she could do the puzzle away. My mother had warned me about getting without difficulty. caught in the rain. I might catch a cold. I won- 5. This is not the first time. He has done this dered if I could get home before it rained. As if in many times. reply to my thought, the rain came down. I want- 6. He faced the interview with great confidence ed to run but my schoolbag hanging, heavily on and got the job. my shoulder, didn’t let me. So I walked on. Soon 7. He rushed at once to the office on hearing it was raining cats and dogs. In a short while, I about the important meeting. was miserably drenched. But instead of feeling 8. I usually reach my school on time. bad, I was actually enjoying it. The feeling of 9. My friend is at the present studying in a cool water running down my wet body was quite hostel. pleasant. Finally I reached home. My mother 10. He broke the window pane on purpose. was shocked to see me soaking wet. She took me to the hot shower hurriedly after which I put on Ans: clean dry clothes. She was worried that I might 1. Anxiously get sick. Well, I did not. In fact I felt great, having 2. Immediately had such a wonderful experience walking in the 3. Recently rain. 4. Easily 5. Often 153 6. Confidently 7. Immediately 8. Punctually 9. Presently 10. Purposely II. Read and mark all the adverbs in the following passage. As I stepped out from the bus, I saw that the dark clouds had covered the sky completely. It looked like it would rain heavily. I walked briskly towards home which was a good kilometre away. My mother had warned me about getting caught in the rain. I might catch a cold. I wondered if I could get home before it rained. As if in reply to my thought, the rain came down. I wanted to run but my schoolbag hanging, heavily on my shoulder, didn’t let me. So I walked on. Soon it was raining cats and dogs. In a short while, I was miserably drenched. But instead of feeling bad, I was actually enjoying it. The feeling of cool water running down my wet body was quite pleasant. Finally I reached home. My mother was shocked

PRACTICE SHEET - 3 (PS-3) I. Read the following sentences and rewrite them One of the engines failed however the pilot still after changing the phrases given in the brackets managed to land _______. into adverbs. Look at the given example. The hungry dog chewed the bone (in a greedy Ans: One of the engines failed however the pilot manner). still managed to land safely. Ans: greedily 1. The train took ages to reach. We travelled really ______. 1. Rani Laxmi Bai fought (in a brave manner) 2. He was carrying a box with glasses so he against Britishers. placed them ______in the trunk. 3. She _______ asked her mother for 2. The teacher explained the poem (in a permission, which was granted. beautiful manner). 4. She is never late to school. She always reaches ______. 3. Rahul does everything (with great care). 5. Let us not ignore the matter. We ought to do 4. The librarian asked us to sit (with little or no something ______. 6. No one believed in his story. He was hoping sound). that we would take him _______. 5. He had prepared well so he could finish his 7. The sun is shining _______ today. It is a clear blue sky. test questions (with great ease). 8. He crossed the fence very quietly and 6. The artist (with his skilful ability) created a _______, to escape the soldiers. 9. I think their demand for higher wages is portrait of the judge. ________ reasonable. 7. The women sing (in a cheerful manner) while 10. The dancer didn’t make a mistake. She performed the dance ______. harvesting the crops. Ans: 8. The sparrows fly (in a swift manner) over the 1. slow 2. carefully fields. 3. politely 9. The officer spoke (in a polite manner) to the 4. punctually 5. immediately visitors. 6. seriously 10. The snake crawled (at a slow pace). 7. brightly 8. secretly Ans: 9. perfectly 1. Rani Laxmi Bai fought bravely against Brit- 10. perfectly. ishers. III. Read the following sentences and identify the 2. The teacher explained the poem beautifully. adverbs and specify their types from the box. 3. Rahul does everything carefully. Look at the given example. 4. The librarian asked us to sit silently. 5. He had prepared well so he could finish his Time Place Manner Frequency Degree Reason test questions easily. 6. The artist skilfully created a portrait of the Rahul is still in the bed. Ans: Still. Adverb of time judge. 7. The women sing cheerfully while harvesting 1. Have you ever lived in this town? 2. He was expecting a promotion long time ago. the crops. 3. He seldom brings work home from the office. 8. The sparrows fly swiftly over the fields. 4. Since the student apologized, the 9. The officer spoke politely to the visitors. 10. The snake crawled slowly. administration decided not to take any further action. II. Complete each sentence with an adverb. Form the adverbs by adding -ly to these adjectives. Look at the given example. bright punctual careful safe fluent secret immediate serious perfect slow polite spotless 154

PRACTICE SHEET - 3 (PS-3) 5. I have already received an invitation to the party. 6. The movie was quite impressive. 7. Put the book there on the table. 8. Honestly, I do not believe your story. 9. The new law hasn’t still come into force. 10. My mother is much better today. Ans: 1. Ever. Adverb of frequency 2. Ago. Adverb of time 3. Seldom. Adverb of frequency 4. Since. Adverb of reason 5. Already. Adverb of time 6. Quite. Adverb of degree 7. There. Adverb of place 8. Honestly. Adverb of manner 9. Still. Adverb of time 10. Much. Adverb of degree 155

SELF-EVALUATION SHEET Marks: 20 Time: 30 Mins I. Read the following sentences and underline 6. He showered quickly after a hot and tiring the adverbs. Choose the correct type from journey. the options given below. Look at the given (a) Adverb of time example. (b) Adverb of manner  (10 Marks) (c) Adverb of frequency She stayed at her grandmother’s house all day. (d) Adverb of place (a) Adverb of time (e) Adverb of degree (b) Adverb of manner (f) Adverb of reason (c) Adverb of frequency (d) Adverb of place 7. After three hours of hiking, we decided to (e) Adverb of degree turn homewards. (f) Adverb of reason (a) Adverb of time Ans: She stayed at her grandmother’s house all (b) Adverb of manner day. (a) Adverb of time (c) Adverb of frequency 1. The project was almost finished within time. (d) Adverb of place (a) Adverb of time (e) Adverb of degree (b) Adverb of manner (f) Adverb of reason (c) Adverb of frequency (d) Adverb of place 8. Are you planning to come tomorrow? (e) Adverb of degree (a) Adverb of time (f) Adverb of reason (b) Adverb of manner 2. People generally quarrel because they (c) Adverb of frequency cannot argue. (d) Adverb of place (a) Adverb of time (e) Adverb of degree (b) Adverb of manner (f) Adverb of reason (c) Adverb of frequency (d) Adverb of place 9. The man who makes no mistakes does not (e) Adverb of degree usually make anything. (f) Adverb of reason (a) Adverb of time 3. I’m absolutely starving. I missed lunch today. (b) Adverb of manner (a) Adverb of time (c) Adverb of frequency (b) Adverb of manner (d) Adverb of place (c) Adverb of frequency (e) Adverb of degree (d) Adverb of place (f) Adverb of reason (e) Adverb of degree (f) Adverb of reason 10. He stated his ideas loudly. 4. He works in the nearby hair salon. (a) Adverb of time (a) Adverb of time (b) Adverb of manner (b) Adverb of manner (c) Adverb of frequency (c) Adverb of frequency (d) Adverb of place (d) Adverb of place (e) Adverb of degree (e) Adverb of degree (f) Adverb of reason (f) Adverb of reason 5. He wrote to her almost daily. Ans: (a) Adverb of time (b) Adverb of manner 1. Almost (e) Adverb of degree (c) Adverb of frequency 2. Generally (c) Adverb of frequency (d) Adverb of place 3. Absolutely (e) Adverb of degree (e) Adverb of degree 4. Nearby (d) Adverb of place (f) Adverb of reason 5. Daily (c) Adverb of frequency 6. Quickly (b) Adverb of manner 7. Homewards (d) Adverb of place 8. tomorrow (a) Adverb of time 9. usually (a) Adverb of time 10. loudly.(b) Adverb of manner 156

SELF-EVALUATION SHEET Marks: 20 Time: 30 Mins II. Study the following sentences and supply the right adverb according to the adjectives underlined in each. Please note that some adverbs end in –ly and some don’t. Look at the given example.  (10 Marks) My cousin is a bad driver. He drives ___________ Ans: badly. 1. My brother is not a quick thinker. He doesn’t think ___________. 2. My aunt is an eager helper. She helps everyone ___________. 3. The kite is very high. It is flying ___________. 4. You should be careful. You should act ___________. 5. The family waited for the result of the operation with anxiety. They were waiting ___________. 6. My sister is a hard worker. She works ___________. 7. The lion made a sudden move. The lion moved ___________. 8. The boss gave a rude reply. He replied ___________. 9. Make your best effort. Do your ___________. 10. That lady is glad to help. She will help ___________. Ans: 1. Quickly 2. Eagerly 3. High 4. Carefully 5. Anxiously 6. Hard 7. Suddenly 8. Rudely 9. Best 10. Gladly 157

15. Voice Month: February Total Periods: 03 Learning objectives At the completion of this topic, the students will be able to: • Identify verbs in a variety of contexts. • Analyseverbstodeterminewhetherconstructions rely on active or passive voice. • Draw conclusions about how to match active and passive voice to their writing situation. • Choose verbs (active or passive) appropriate for the audience and purpose of their writing. Starter Activity OBJECT+VERB+SUBJECT Football is being played by him. Read the following sets of sentences. Tea was being prepared by her. SUBJECT + VERB+ OBJECT Tea is being drunk by them. He is playing football. The movie has been seen by us. She was preparing tea. Vegetables are bought by them every day. They are drinking tea. A letter was written to me by him. We have seen the movie. Is the answer known by you? They buy vegetables every day. He wrote me a letter. Do you know the answer? In the columns above, if you read the sentences, though the structure has been altered from SUBJECT + VERB+ OBJECT to OBJECT+VERB+SUBJECT, we notice that the meaning in both the cases remains the same. This process of transformation occurs in the voice of a sentence. Recapitulation: In the previous classes, you have already learnt about Subject: The doer of the action. Verb: The action Object: One who receives the action. 2. Sometimes subject of sentence is omitted in Key Points passive voice. There are two ways to express an action of a subject Active voice: They sell cloth in yards here. in relation to its object. Passive voice: Cloth is sold in yards here. • Active voice: In this, subject acts upon object. 3. 3rd form of the verb (past participle) is used as Example: Birds build nests. main verb for all tenses. • Passive voice: in this, object is acted upon by Active voice: He sings a song. subject. Example: Nests are built by birds. Passive voice: A song is sung by him. RULES OF CONVERSION FROM ACTIVE TO PASSIVE 4. The word “by” is used before subject in sentences VOICE: in passive voice. 1. Identify the subject, the verb and the object: Active voice: Meera watered the plants. S+V+O. The places of subject and object are Passive voice: The plants are being watered by interchanged. Active voice: I write books. Meera. Passive voice: Books are written by me. Please note: In addition to the word “by”, Subject (I) of sentence shifted to the place of object (books) and object (books) shifted to the sometimes words “with, to, etc.” may also be place of subject (I) in passive voice. used. Active voice: The water fills the bucket. Passive voice: The bucket is filled with water. Active voice: He knows me. Passive voice: I am known to him. 158

15. Voice Month : February Total Periods: 03 5. Auxiliary verbs are used in passive voice according to the tense of sentence. Notice the change in auxiliary verbs in the following sentences. Active voice: He sings a song. Passive voice: A song is sung by him. Active voice: He sang a song. Passive voice: A song was sung by him. CHANGES IN TENSES: Simple Present Tense is, am, are+3rd verb Active Voice Passive Voice He reads a book. A book is read by him. He does not read a book. A book is not read by him. Does he read a book? Is a book read by him? Present Continuous Tense is, am, are+being+3rd verb Active Voice Passive Voice She is signing the cheques. The cheques are being signed by her. She is not signing the cheques. The cheques are not being signed by her. Is she signing the cheques? Are cheques being signed by her? Present Perfect Tense has, have+been+3rd verb Active Voice Passive Voice The police has solved the case. The case has been solved by the police. The police has not solved the case. The case has not been solved by the police. Has the police solved the case? Has the case been solved by the police? Simple Past Tense was, were+3rd verb AActive Voice Passive Voice She helped the blind man. The blind man was helped by her. She did not help the blind man. The blind man was not helped by her. Did she help the blind man? Was the blind man helped by her? Past Continuous Tense was, were+being+3rd verb Active Voice Passive Voice The maid was sweeping the floor. The floor was being swept by the maid. The maid was not sweeping the floor. The floor was not being swept by the maid. Was the maid sweeping the floor? Was the floor being swept by the maid? Past Perfect Tense had+been+3rd verb Active Voice Passive Voice They had worked out the details. The details had been worked out by them. They had not worked out the details. The details had not been worked out by them. 159

15. Voice Month: February Total Periods: 03 Had they worked out the details? Had the details been worked out by them? Simple Future Tense will, shall+be+3rd verb Passive Voice Active Voice The spiritual talk will be attended by my family. My family will attend the spiritual talk. The spiritual talk will not be attended by my family. My family will not attend the spiritual talk. Will the spiritual talk be attended by my family? Will my family attend the spiritual talk? Future Perfect Tense Passive Voice will, shall+ have been+3rd verb Their homework will have been done by them. Active Voice Their homework will not have been done by them. They will have done their homework. Will their homework have been done by them? They will not have done their homework. Will they have done their homework? Please note: The following tenses cannot be changed into passive voice. 1. Present perfect continuous tense 2. Past perfect continuous tense 3. Future continuous tense 4. Future perfect continuous tense CHANGES IN MODALS: MODALS AUXILIARY VERB IN ACTIVE VOICE PASSIVE VOICE PASSIVE VOICE The CBI can solve this case. This case can be solved by the CBI. Can/ Could Can/Could+ be+ 3rd The CBI cannot solve this This case cannot be solved by the verb case. CBI. Can the CBI solve this case? Can this case be solved by the CBI? Has to/ Have Has to/ Have to+3rd Government has to take care The issue has to be taken care of by to verb of the issue. the government. Must Must+3rd verb You must learn French. French must be learnt by you. May may+be+3rd verb I may buy this dress. This dress might be bought by me. They might not attend the Party might not be attended by Might might+ be+ 3rd Verb party. them. Students should follow Discipline should be followed by the Should should+ be+3rd verb discipline in the school. students in the school. IN CASE OF IMPERATIVE SENTENCES (feelings and emotions like command, order, advice, and request.) Rules 1. Lets + new object + be/Not be +past participle or 3rd form. For sentences containing, request, advice and order, we will use ‘you are requested to’ , ‘advised to’ and ‘ordered to’. Note: Always remove please and kind if they are given in the sentence. 160

15. Voice Month : February Total Periods: 03 ACTIVE VOICE PASSIVE VOICE Let the window be opened. Open the window. You are requested to bring me a cup of tea. You are ordered to get out of my house. Please bring me a cup of tea. You are requested to wear helmet while riding. Get out of my house. Kindly wear helmet while riding.   CHANGE IN PRONOUNS me I You You her She them They us We him He it It whom Who 2. Change the subject into object. And use “by” before the object. If in subject, we have a pronoun of nominative case, convert that by the following rules. I by me You by you She by her They by them We by us He by him It by it Who by whom Work Plan CONTENT COVERAGE DETAILS PERIODS RESOURCES ALLOTTED Starter activity and Key Active and passive voice PS-1 Points 2 PS-2 PS-3 Evaluation with self- check or Peer check* 1 Self-Evaluation Sheet *Administering self-evaluation at the end of a chapter is a good practice • Teacher discusses the correct answer or display it using an overhead projector and ask the students to exchange their sheets or books to check and correct each other’s work. • The teacher may only need to do a sample check of students’ work. • Typically takes 10 – 15 mins. 161

PRACTICE SHEET - 1 (PS-1) I. Read the following set of instructions on ‘How d) All the glasses was broke. to make a smoothie’ and fill in the blanks 4. Geeta was tearing the old newspapers. appropriately. Look at the given example. 1. Take out the blender or food processor. a) The old newspapers was tearing by Geeta. 2. Take a few fruits of your choice like banana b) The old newspapers were torn by Geeta. or mango. c) The old newspapers were being torn by 3. Put milk and fruits into the blender with a sweetener. Geeta. 4. Give your smoothie some more flavour by d) The old newspapers was being torn by adding almonds and cashews. 5. In the last, add ice cubes and serve in a glass. Geeta. 5. I will meet my friend at the bus stop. First, the blender or food processor is taken out (a). After that, fruits of your choice like banana a) My friend will be meet at the bus stop. or mango ____ (b). Milk and fruits ____ (c) into b) My friend will be met at the bus stop. the blender with a sweetener. Some more flavour c) My friend will being met at the bus stop. ______ (d) by adding almonds and cashews to d) My friend will have been met at the bus your smoothie. In the last, ice cubes ______ (e) and finally ______ (f) in a glass. stop. 6. The villagers have cut down the trees. Ans: a) The trees has been cut down by villagers. First, the blender or food processor is taken out b) The trees has cut down by villagers. (a). After that, fruits of your choice like banana c) The trees have been cut down by villagers. or mango are taken. (b). Milk and fruits are put d) The trees has been cutting down by (c) into the blender with a sweetener. Some more flavour is given (d) by adding almonds and ca- villagers. shews to your smoothie. In the last, ice cubes are 7. Someone had recited this poem before. added (e) and finally served (f) in a glass. a) The poem had recited before. II. Choose the correct answer from the options b) The poem had been recited before given below. Look at the given example. The mosquitoes were biting me by someone. a) I am being bitten by the mosquitoes. c) The poem has been recited before. b) I am being bit by the mosquitoes. d) The poem had being recited before. c) I am bitten by the mosquitoes. 8. I will have sold the flat to Mr Kumar. d) I was being bitten by the mosquitoes. a) Mr Kumar will have sold the flat. Ans: d) b) I will have sold to Mr Kumar the flat. 1. He is bringing in the luggage. c) The flat will have sold to Mr Kumar. a) The luggage are bringing in by him. d) The flat will have been sold to Mr Kumar. b) The luggage is brought in by him. 9. We should choose a leader quickly. c) The luggage are brought in by him. a) A leader should be chose quickly d) The luggage is being brought in by him. b) A leader should be quickly chosen. 2. She grows vegetables on the farm. c) A leader should choose quickly. a) On the farm are grown vegetables. d) A leader should quickly chosen. b) Vegetables will be grown on the farm. 10. We do not expect his return. c) Vegetables is grown on the farm. a) His return was not expect by us. d) Vegetables are grown on the farm by her. b) His return was not expected by us. 3. He broke all the glasses. c) His return has not expected by us. a) All the glasses broke. d) His return is not expected by us. b) All the glasses was broken. c) All the glasses were broken by him. Ans: 1. d) 2. d) 3. c) 4. c) 5. b) 6. c) 7. c) 8. d) 9. b) 10. d) 162

PRACTICE SHEET - 2 (PS-2) I. Change the following sentences to the passive 9. The driving test has been taken twice by Ree- voice. Look at the given example. na. Reeta gave Rahul a watch for his birthday. Ans: Rahul was given a watch by Reeta on his 10. The patients had been examined thoroughly birthday. by the doctor. 1. My mother baked delicious cookies II. Change the following sentences into the active 2. My brother will throw the trash after dinner. voice. Look at the given example. 3. The boys are cleaning the room. A loud noise was made by him. 4. Reena asked Mohan to help her with English. Ans: He made a loud noise. 5. The lady had reported the theft to the police. 6. Gardener is planting roses in the garden. 1. Our neighbour’s car had been scratched. 7. The new tenant made the decision to move 2. Rama was told the bad news as soon as she yesterday. arrived. 8. The prince saved her from being kidnapped. 3. A Shakespearean play will be staged by our 9. Reena has taken the driving test twice. 10. The doctor had examined the patients school this year. 4. We were shown to the table by the manager thoroughly. himself. Ans: 5. She is claimed as a popular actress by public. 6. The servant was asked to carry rice by the 1. Delicious cookies were baked by my mother. 2. The trash will be thrown by my brother after landlord. 7. The painting would have been stolen by the dinner. 3. The room is being cleaned by the boys. thieves. 4. Mohan was asked by Reena to help her with 8. Ravi was asked to get out by the teacher. 9. The woman was caught shoplifting by the English. 5. The theft had been reported by the lady to manager. 10. Many types of vegetables were being sold at the police. 6. Roses are being planted by the gardener in the market last year. Ans: the garden. 7. The decision to move was made by the new 1. Someone had scratched our neighbour’s car. 2. We told Rama the bad news as soon as she tenant yesterday. 8. She was saved from being kidnapped by the arrived. 3. Our school will stage a Shakespearean play prince. this year. 4. The manager himself showed us the table. 5. Public claims her as a popular actress. 6. The landlord asked the servant to carry rice. 7. The thieves would have stolen the painting. 8. The teacher asked Ravi to go out. 9. The manager caught the woman shoplifting. 10. They were selling many types of vegetables at the market last year. 163

PRACTICE SHEET - 3 (PS-3) 5. You are requested not to dump garbage on the roads. I. Change the following sentences into the active voice. Look at the given example. 6. Let this file be kept in the cupboard. The food was cooked by my sister. 7. You are forbidden to walk on grass. Ans: My sister cooked the food. 8. Let the person who loves you never be forgot- 1. The ball was kicked by Rahul. 2. An apple is being eaten by her. ten. 3. The work was done by them. 9. You are requested to lend me some money. 4. The wallet has been stolen by him. 10. You are instructed not to ever touch my 5. It will be done by them. 6. The saints were given some food by her. phone. 7. He was written a letter by me. 8. We were laughed at by them. 9. A performance was being done by her. 10. The story has been told by me. Ans: 1. Rahul kicked the ball. 2. She is eating an apple. 3. They did the work. 4. He has stolen the wallet. 5. They will do it. 6. She gave some food to the saints. 7. I wrote him a letter. 8. They laughed at us. 9. She was doing a performance. 10. I have been told a story. II. Change the following imperative sentences to the passive voice. Look at the given example. Leave the room at once. Ans: You are ordered to leave the room at once. 1. Please bring a glass of water for me. 2. Go to the office immediately. 3. Please help Rahul in his assignment. 4. Read this document carefully. 5. Kindly do not dump garbage on the roads. 6. Keep this file in the cupboard. 7. Do not walk on the grass. 8. Never forget the person who loves you. 9. Please lend me some money. 10. Don’t ever touch my phone. Ans: 1. You are requested to bring a glass of water for me. 2. You are ordered to go to the office immedi- ately. 3. You are requested to help Rahul in his assign- ment. 4. Let this document be read carefully. 164

SELF-EVALUATION SHEET Marks: 20 Time: 30 Mins I. Change the following sentences in the active b) Can the door broken by you? voice to the passive voice. Look at the given c) Can the door be broken by you? example. (10 Marks) d) Can the door be break by you? 2. Will she sing a song? Meera is reciting the poem. a) Will a song be sang by her? b) Will a song be sing by her? Ans: The poem is being recited by Meera. c) Will a song sung by her? d) Will a song be sung by her? 1. The maid sweeps the playground every day. 3. Is he speaking English? 2. The management has taken care of all the a) Was English being spoken by him? b) Has English being spoken by him? issues this year. c) Is English being spoken by him? 3. Only a few of us attended Rahul’s wedding. d) Is English being speaken by him? 4. I sweep and mop the terrace once a week. 4. Are you eating a banana? 5. Mom is boiling potatoes for the sandwiches. a) Is a banana being eaten by you? 6. Our colony has launched a cleanliness b) Is a banana been eaten by you? c) Has a banana being eaten by you? campaign this year. d) Was a banana being eaten by you? 7. We will work out the details of the project 5. Why are you washing the car? a) Why the car is being washed by you? today itself. b) Why is the car being washed by you? 8. Many responded to the call to donate blood. c) Why was the car being washed by you? 9. Mohan offered his bus seat to the blind man. d) Why has been the car washed by you? 10. I drove my new car out of the showroom. 6. When will he give the money? a) When will be the money given by him? Ans: b) When will the money being given by him? c) When would the money be given by him? 1. The playground is swept by the maid every d) When will the money be given by him? day. 7. Where will he meet you? a) Where will you be meet by him? 2. All the issues have been taken care of by the b) Where will be you met by him? management this year. c) Where will you be met by him? d) Where will you being met by him? 3. Rahul’s wedding was attended by only a few 8. How do you make a cake? of us. a) How is a cake made by you? b) How is a cake been made by you? 4. The terrace is swept and mopped by me once c) How a cake is made by you? a week. d) How is a cake maked by you? 9. Whom did you tell the story? 5. Potatoes for the sandwiches are being boiled a) To whom the story was told by you? by mom. b) To whom was the story telled by you? c) Whom was the story told by you? 6. A cleanliness campaign has been launched d) To whom was the story told you? by our colony this year. 10. He was struck by lightning. a) Lightning was struck him. 7. The details of the project will be worked out b) Lightning struck him. by us today itself. c) Lightning struck he. d) Lightning struck by him. 8. The call to donate blood was responded to by many. 9. His bus seat was offered to the blind man by Mohan. 10. My new car was driven out of the showroom by me. II. Choose the correct answer from the options given below. Look at the given example.  (10 Marks) Who did the job? a) By whom was the job done? b) By whom the job was done? c) By whom the job has been done? d) By whom the job has done? Ans: a) By whom was the job done? 1. Can you break the door? a) Could the door be broken by you? 165

SELF-EVALUATION SHEET Marks: 20 Time: 30 Mins Ans: 1. a) 2. d) 3. c) 4. a) 5. b) 6. d) 7. c) 8. a) 9. d) 10. b) 166

16. Conjunctions Month : February Total Periods: 02 Learning objectives At the completion of this topic, the students will be able to: • Define the term ‘conjunction’. • Identify different types of conjunctions and list them in different category. • Use them effectively in their writing. Starter Activity Read the following sentences: Two and two makes four. The sky is not less blue because the blind man does not see it. However long the night, the dawn will break. He preferred to die a hero, rather than live a slave. There was a long strike as a result of which the factory was shut down. In the above examples, the words in bold are conjunctions. In the first sentence, conjunction ‘and’ joins two words and in rest of the sentences, the conjunctions are joining two sentences. Definition: The conjunction is that part of speech which helps us to join or connect two or more than two words, phrases, or clauses in a particular sentence. It helps in establishing a relationship among these different parts of the sentence. Today we will learn few kinds of conjunctions which In addition to the animals we saw, there were some are classified according to the function they perform exotic plants too in the national park. in a sentence. 1. Conjunctions of Addition: These conjunctions 2. Conjunctions of Contrast: These conjunctions connect ideas that contrast.  add more information to what is already there. The common conjunctions used to show addition The common conjunctions used to show contrast are: are: • And • Not only…but also • But • As well as • Although/though • In addition • Despite the fact that • Additionally • However • Moreover • Nevertheless • Also • Despite • Furthermore • In spite of • In addition to • Yet Examples: Examples: Meera took her dress and wore it. He is thin but he is strong. I have not only got a scooter, but also a car. Although he is thin, he is strong. / Though his I have got a scooter as well as a car. government was challenged, he continued to rule for She works very hard. In addition, her planning and years. determination is paying off. I am going on a holiday, despite the fact that school There was a beautiful cottage. Additionally, there was starts tomorrow. a huge backyard and three acres of land. This is a simple process. However there are few This place is ideal. The rent is reasonable, and dangers. moreover, it is near to my office. He was very tired; nevertheless he went on walking. Apart from packing, there was also decorating to be Despite the bad weather, we enjoyed ourselves. done. In spite of his disappointment, he had a smile on his The team was playing great and, furthermore, all the face. players were getting along. We all ought to grow old, yet we fear old age. 167

16. Conjunctions Month : February Total Periods: 02 3. Conjunctions of Cause and Effect: These conjunctions head injuries in a car accident. help to show a cause-effect relationship between two Wash your hands before you sit to dine. ideas. We know not what is good until we have lost it. I have been lazier since I stopped going out to work. The common conjunctions used to show cause and Please keep your phone on silent while the movie is effect are: on. • For I will invite him for dinner once he comes to town. • Because She was smiling as she walked into the class. • As I went to bed as soon as I reached home. • Since • Therefore/So 5. Conjunctions of Comparison: These conjunctions • Hence are used to link two ideas that are considered to • As a result be similar. • Consequently • Due to The common conjunctions used to show • Because of comparison are: • As a result of • Than Examples: • Rather than I drank some water, for I was thirsty. (Works here as • Whereas because) • As much as She helps everyone because she is a very kind- • Whether hearted person. Examples: As it was raining, we could not go out. Life is better now than it has ever been. Since she is a kind-hearted person, she tends to help Rather than being tricked, I would tolerate anything. everyone. The old system was complicated whereas the new Their car was bigger and therefore more comfortable. system is really very simple. /It was raining so we could not go out. People don’t socialize with their friends as much as It is very late; hence you must go to bed. they used to. He made a big mistake, and, as a result, lost his job. A thief is a thief, whether he steals a diamond or a My car broke down and consequently I was late. cucumber. Her bad results are due to her being inattentive in class. Hundreds of houses were destroyed, because of the fire. As a result of his fight with his brother he lost both his home and family. 4. Conjunctions of time: These conjunctions are used to connect an action or an event to a point in time.  The common conjunctions used to show time are: • When • After • Before • Until • Since • While • Once • As • As soon as  Examples: She lost her hearing ability when she was young. She needed deep therapy after she suffered severe 168

16. Conjunctions Month : February Total Periods: 02 Work Plan CONTENT COVERAGE DETAILS PERIODS RESOURCES ALLOTTED Starter activity and Key Kinds of conjunctions- addition, 1 PS-1 Points contrast, cause and effect, time, PS-2 comparison PS-3 Evaluation with self- check or Peer check* 1 Self-Evaluation Sheet *Administering self-evaluation at the end of a chapter is a good practice • Teacher discusses the correct answer or display it using an overhead projector and ask the students to exchange their sheets or books to check and correct each other’s work. • The teacher may only need to do a sample check of students’ work. • Typically takes 10 – 15 mins. 169

PRACTICE SHEET - 1 (PS-1) I. Choose the correct conjunction from the a) Though choices given below. Look at the given example. b) Despite The new departmental store is very reasonable. c) If ______________ they deliver at home free of 10. He was very humble ______ his rank was cost. high. a) However a) Though b) On the whole b) Despite c) Furthermore c) If Ans: Furthermore Ans: 1. a) 1. She decided to go for the expedition 2. c) ____________ many dangers involved in it. 3. a) a) Though 4. b) b) However 5. b) c) Despite 6. b) 7. c) 2. He looked relaxed, _______________ the 8. a) danger. 9. c) a) But 10. a) b) Though II. Join the following pairs of sentences c) Despite appropriately with the help of conjunctions given in the bracket. Look at the given example. 3. _______________ television has some We have to go to Kanyakumari by train. We educational value, I think it’s always better cannot go there any other way. (Because) to read a book. Ans: We have to go to Kanya Kumari by train be- a) Though cause we cannot go there any other way. b) However 1. We will not reach the school in time. Dad has c) Despite to drive faster. (Unless) 2. It was raining heavily. The boys decided to go 4. There are both advantages _____________ for camping. (though) disadvantages in this new system. 3. The children were playing. The mother a) But entered the house. (when) b) And 4. I collect all kinds of postage stamps. I put c) Or them in my collection book. (and) 5. Mohan has been working for 10 hours. He 5. We decided to stay at home ___________ the does not feel tired. (yet) rain and the high winds. 6. Meera was bitten by a venomous snake. a) Because Meera survived. (despite) b) Due to 7. We faced number of challenges. The project c) Despite was a great success. (though) 8. He was late for the meeting. He forgot the 6. He was old and weak ______________ there important file at home. (not only…but also) was no one to look after him. 9. Rubbish was dumped everywhere. The town a) Because became infected with diseases. (so) b) yet c) and 170 7. He worked very hard ______ he did not get admission in the college of his choice. a) Because b) And c) But 8. The monitor shouts at other students ____________it is not necessary. a) When b) Because c) Or 9. You will remain ignorant of many things __________ you do not read.

PRACTICE SHEET - 1 (PS-1) 10. He was crossing the road. A car hit him. (when) Ans: 1. We will not reach the school in time unless dad drives faster. 2. The boys decided to go for camping though it was raining heavily. 3. The children were playing when the mother entered the house. 4. I collect all kinds of postage stamps and put them in my collection book. 5. Mohan has been working for 10 hours yet he does not feel tired. 6. Meera survived despite being bitten by a ven- omous snake. 7. The project was a great success though we faced number of challenges. 8. He was not only late for the meeting but also forgot the important file at home. 9. Rubbish was dumped everywhere so the town became infected with diseases. 10. He was crossing the road when a car hit him. 171

PRACTICE SHEET - 2 (PS-2) I. Choose the correct conjunction from the 7. The moment choices given below. Look at the given example. 8. If Wait for her ____ she gets back. 9. Because • as soon as 10. Although • until II. Choose the correct conjunction from and, Ans: until because, but, or, so. Look at the given example. She has got a brother _________ a sister. 1. My dad visits us ____ he has time. Ans: and • when 1. Rahul was very tired _____________ decided • whenever to go for the party. 2. Would you like tea _____________ coffee? 2. Reena will be ready ___ the time Mohan gets 3. My father likes cricket _____________ he back. doesn’t like tennis. • by 4. The bank is closed _____________ it is a • before national holiday. 5. It was starting to look like rain 3. We left the house ____ the rain stopped. _____________ she brought in all the clothes • as soon as from outside. • when 6. Meera gave many reminders to her dad _____________ he forgot to attend her school 4. The manager will be happy ____ this project function. is finished. 7. Reena and Manu like gossiping about their • when colleagues _____________ they love to sit • before together during lunch. 8. Is uncle coming _____________ not for the 5. We must rinse the utensils____ we put them ceremony? in a sink. 9. The children forgot their homework, • before _____________ the teacher was angry with • until them. 10. Can you read _____________ write English 6. She skipped the step ____ she was climbing words? down. • whenever Ans: • while 1. But 7. Please give my message to your mom ____ 2. Or she arrives. 3. But • a moment 4. Because • the moment 5. So 6. But 8. I have decide to pay him only____ he finishes 7. So the work on time. 8. Or • if 9. So • unless 10. And 9. They had to come back _____ it was raining. • because • because of 10. _____ Reena was sleepy, she finished the book. • Although • But Ans: 1. Whenever 2. By 3. As soon as 4. When 5. Before 6. While 172

PRACTICE SHEET - 3 (PS-3) I. Join the following pairs of sentences with always a neighbour. We c) Before word after appropriate conjunctions. Drop the words which are unnecessary. Look at the given may not feel lonely there is example. You must join us. I will play for the school team. no neighbour we have all d) Ans: I will play for the team if you join us. the comforts and 1. Reena will not come today. She is not well. services the need for a e) 2. I can speak English. I can speak French. friend may not arise. 3. Mother will go to the market. She will not We may get recreation f) stop at the bakery. through the TV the 4. The boys continued their football match. It internet they cannot g) was raining cats and dogs. supply the human 5. You can join this job. You will gain elements. A experience. neighbour may provide h) 6. My dad is a humble man. He is a senior great sympathy appreciation. official in the company. 7. Meeta worked very hard. She did not get the A man cannot live in i) isolation he is a medical seat. 8. Ram belongs to a poor family. He spends a social being sometimes j) some neighbours fail to lot of money. 9. Anita likes to sing. Anita likes to dance. maintain a cordial k) 10. The patient died. The doctor came later. relationship stress and strain Ans: may develop l) 1. Reena will not come today because she is not misunderstandings. well. The cause may be very m) 2. I can speak English as well as French. small unimportant, 3. Mother will go to the market but she will not still tension develops n) stop at the bakery. ending in enmity 4. The boys continued their football match bitterness. though it was raining cats and dogs. Ans: 5. You can join this job and gain experience. 6. My dad is a humble man though he is a se- Before word after a) it or not nior official in the company. b) isolation yet there 7. Meeta worked very hard but she did not get c) lonely if there d) neighbour because we the medical seat. e) services so the 8. Though Ram belongs to a poor family, he f) TV or the g) internet but they spends a lot of money. h) sympathy and appreciation 9. Anita likes to sing and dance. 10. The patient died before the doctor came. II. The following passage has not been edited. i) isolation because he In each line, there is a conjunction which is j) being but sometimes missing. Write the missing conjunction with k) relationship so stress the word which comes before and after it. l) develop because of misunderstand- Look at the given example. ings m) small or unimportant Before word after n) enmity and bitterness Whether one likes it not, a) it or not one cannot live without neighbours. Houses may b) be in isolation there is 173

SELF-EVALUATION SHEET Marks: 20 Time: 30 Mins I. Choose the appropriate conjunctions from 8. The management rejected the request the options given below. Look at the given _________ they did not find it to be practical. example.  (10 Marks) a) Since b) Therefore Receptionists are supposed to convey c) and information ______ pass messages correctly. d) or a) or 9. I welcomed the guests ___________ offered b) and them tea. c) but a) While d) because b) though c) or Ans: and d) and 1. I did not go for the movie ___________ I had 10. I like tea __________ don’t like sugar in it. already seen it. a) but a) until b) since b) because c) or c) so d) and d) but Ans: 1. b) 2. She is a member of the reading club 2. b) __________ the theatre group of the school. 3. a) a) until 4. d) b) as well as 5. b) c) while 6. a) d) or 7. c) 8. a) 3. Read all your answers ____________ you 9. d) submit your answer sheet. 10. a) a) Before b) as well as c) while d) and 4. Put a lid on the water jug __________ the flies will contaminate the water. a) until b) as well as c) while d) or 5. __________ he is thin, he is strong. a) Before b) though c) while d) and 6. The meeting was cancelled ___________ most of the members didn’t come. a) Because b) though c) and d) or 7. Rahul had an unpleasant experience _________ he was in the hostel. a) Because b) though c) while d) and 174

SELF-EVALUATION SHEET Marks: 20 Time: 30 Mins II. Fill in the blanks with the conjunctions given below. Use each conjunction only once. Look at the given example. (10 Marks) while when as since after as well as not only ... but also besides in addition yet both ... and ______ travelling, she likes writing blogs too. Ans: Besides 1. Her father gave her a new bicycle for her birthday. ______ he also gave her some books. 2. She decided to take up sewing ______ toy- making in the hobby classes. 3. Rahul ______ became rich ______ powerful after he won the lottery. 4. My mother is ______ kind ______ generous. 5. He reached home late ______ it rained heavily. 6. ______ we were in Mysore, we visited many historical monuments. 7. ______ the Biology teacher is on leave tomorrow, there will be no science practical. 8. He called his mother _______ he reached the office. 9. ______ I was passing through the street, I heard a loud scream. 10. The sun was warm, _________ there was a cool breeze. Ans: 1. In addition 2. As well as 3. Not only….but also 4. Both…and 5. As 6. While 7. Since 8. After 9. When 10. Yet 175