202110734-PERFORM-TEACHER-TEACHER_COMPANION_BOOK-ENGLISH-G06-FY

1. Parts of Speech Month: June Total Periods: 03 Part Of Speech Definition Types Examples Sentences NOUN Name of a person, Proper Ram, London, The young girl (Common) place, thing, or Common table, dog, brought me a very long letter idea Concrete teacher, pen, city, (Common/Concrete) from her Abstract happiness, hope parents.(Common) Collective I, we, you, they, Varun (Proper) is a very active he, she, it boy.(Common) PRONOUN A word used in Personal Meera is a very stubborn child. place of a noun Possessive Jump, danced, She (Personal) just stared at VERB Reflexive flew, dances me (Personal) and then I told ADJECTIVE A verb expresses Relative Good, intelligent, her (Personal) to stop. action or being. Demonstrative red, his, their Those games are difficult. An adjective Distributive (Demonstrative Pronoun) modifies or Main verb The kite flies (Main Verb) in the describes a noun Helping verb sky. or pronoun. Transitive The boy jumped (Main Verb) Intransitive out of the window. Positive My father is a wise (Positive) Comparative person. Superlative A rose is more beautiful than a daisy. (Comparative) ADVERB An adverb modifies Adverb of Manner, slowly, quietly, She is the tallest girl in the PREPOSITION or describes a Time, Place and very, always, class. (Superlative) verb, an adjective, Degree. never, too, well, The girl danced gracefully. CONJUNCTION or another adverb. tomorrow, here (Adverb of Manner) INTERJECTION My father arrived yesterday. A preposition is a Indicate time, at, on, in, from, (Adverb of Time) word that shows place, or with, near, The girl hid herself under the the relationship relationship. between, about, bed. between a noun under The butterfly sat on the flower. or pronoun and some other word This cup of tea is delicious and in the rest of the very soothing. sentence. I was tired but I still finished the marathon. A conjunction joins Conjunctions And, or, but, words, phrases, or for Addition, because, so, yet, Wow! I passed my English test. clauses. Cause & Effect, unless, since, if. Ouch! My knees hurt. Comparison, Contrast, Conclusion An interjection is Different emotions Ouch! Wow! a word used to like Greeting, Joy, Great! Help! Oh! express emotion. Approval, Surprise, Hey! Hi! Grief/Pain 51

1. Parts of Speech Month: June Total Periods: 03 • Same words become different parts of speech because of the way they used. • Look at the following sentences.  1. Give me some water.  2. I water my plants every day.   In the first sentence, the word WATER names something. So it is a noun.  In the second sentence, the same word WATER expresses an action. It tells what they do. So here, it is working as a verb.  • Study the word ROUND in the following sentences: 1. The earth is round. (Adjective) 2. The boys ran round the tree. (Preposition) 3. He rounded his lips and whistled. (Verb) • More examples to understand the word usage and parts of speech ABOVE Adverb The heavens are above. Preposition The moral law is above the civil. Adjective Analyse the above sentence. Noun Our blessings come from above. AFTER : Adverb. They arrived soon after. Preposition He takes after his father. Adjective. After ages shall sing his glory. Conjunction We went away after they had left. BEFORE: Adverb I have seen you before. Preposition He came before the appointed time. Conjunction He went away before I came. EVEN: Adjective The chances are even. Verb Let us even the ground. Adverb Does he even suspect the danger? LITTLE: Adjective There is little danger in going there. Noun Man wants but little here below. Adverb He eats very little. MORE: Adjective We want more men like him. Pronoun More of us die in bed than out of it. Adverb You should talk less and work more. NEAR: Preposition His house is near the temple. Adjective He is a near relation. Verb The time nears. 52

1. Parts of Speech Month: June Total Periods: 03 OVER: Adverb Read it over carefully. STILL: Noun In one over he took three wickets. UP: Preposition At thirty a change came over him. Verb His words stilled my fears. Adjective Still waters run deep. Noun Her sobs could be heard in the still of night. Adverb He is still in business. Adverb Prices are up. Preposition Let us go up the hill. Adjective The next up train will leave here at 12.30. Noun They had their ups and downs of fortune. Work Plan CONTENT PERIODS ALLOTTED RESOURCES Introduction to the eight parts of speech 1 PS-1 Identification of same words used as different parts of PS-2 speech Evaluation with self- check or Peer check* 1 PS-3 1 Self-Evaluation Sheet *Administering self-evaluation at the end of a chapter is a good practice • Teacher discusses the correct answer or display it using an overhead projector and ask the students to exchange their sheets or books to check and correct each other’s work. • The teacher may only need to do a sample check of students’ work. • Typically takes 10 – 15 mins. 53

PRACTICE SHEET - 1 (PS-1) I. Match the part of speech to the correct definition. 1. Noun A. Modifies a verb, adjective, or adverb 2. Verb B. Shows the relationship of noun or pronoun to another word 3. Pronoun C. Expresses action or being. 4. Adjective D. Name of a person, place, thing, or idea 5. Adverb E. A word that modifies or describes a noun or pronoun 6. Preposition F. A word used in place of a noun 7. Conjunction G. Expresses emotions. 8. Interjection H. Joins words, phrases, or clauses. Ans: 1-D, 2-C, 3-F, 4-E, 5-A, 6-B, 7-H, 8-G II. Read the following sentences and for the words in bold, choose the correct part of speech from the choices listed in (a) and (b). The first one is done for you. SENTENCE PARTS OF SPEECH ANSWER This room is a good hiding (a) Adjective (a) adjective place. (b) Verb 1. We may stay here or in a (a) Conjunction (b) Verb hotel. (a) Adverb 2. She repeated the whole (b) Noun (a) Preposition story. (b) Verb 3. They lived many miles from (a) Adjective (b) Verb the town. (A) Adjective 4. He changes his mind (b) Adverb (a) Pronoun frequently. (b) Noun 5. I am extremely excited for (a) Adverb (b) Preposition our trip. (a) Interjection 6. Can you make me a birthday (b) Verb (a) Adjective cake by Monday? (b) Verb 7. Your suitcase is under the (a) Adjective (b) Verb bed. 8.  Hello! How are you? 9. He has been married to Mira for twenty years. 10. The rain made the grass wet. Ans: 1-(a) Conjunction, 2-(b) Noun, 3-(a) Preposition, 4-(b) Verb, 5-(b) Adverb, 6-(a) Pronoun, 7-(b) Preposition, 8-(a) Interjection, 9-(a) Adjective, 10-(b) Verb 54

PRACTICE SHEET - 2 (PS-2) I. Read the following short story and answer the 3. What are you doing there? Here YOU is questions that follow. a__________________ There was a proud tree in the forest. He was tall (a) Pronoun and strong. There was a small plant next to the (b) adverb tree. The tree said, “I am very handsome and (c) verb strong. No one can defeat me.” Hearing this, the 4. There is a mouse under the table. Here plant replied, “Dear friend, too much pride is harmful. Even the strong will fall one day.” The UNDER is a __________________ tree ignored it and continued to praise himself. (a) conjunction (b) preposition One day, a strong wind blew. The tree stood (c) adverb firmly. Even when it rained, the tree stood strong 5. Masons build houses. Here MASONS is a/an by spreading its leaves but the small plant bent down. The tree made fun of the plant. __________________ (a) verb One day, there was a storm in the forest. The (b) adverb plant again bent but the tree did not want to bow. (c) noun The storm kept growing stronger. The tree could 6. She looked up but didn’t see anything. Here no longer bear it and finally in the end, he fell down. That was the end of the proud tree. UP is a/an __________________ (a) verb Find examples of (b) adverb (a) 4 Nouns: ______________________________ (c) conjunction 7. That was a difficult question. Here DIFFICULT ______________________________ (b) 4 Adjectives: ___________________________ is a/an __________________ (a) adjective ______________________________ (b) adverb (c) 4 Pronouns: ___________________________ (c) preposition 8. She is poor but she is happy. Here BUT is a/an ____________________________ (d) 4 Verbs: _______________________________ __________________ (a) conjunction _____________________________ (b) preposition Ans: (c) verb 9. Hurrah! We won the match. Here HURRAH is (a) 4 Nouns: tree, forest, plant, friend, pride, wind, leaves, storm, fun, end (Any Four) a/an __________________ (a) Interjection (b) 4 Adjectives: proud, tall, strong, dear, harmful, (b) adjective small, stronger (Any Four) (c) preposition 10. The policeman didn’t run fast enough (c) 4 Pronouns: he, I, me, it, himself (Any Four) (d) 4 Verbs: was, am, defeat, replied, is, will, fall, to catch the thief. Here Thief is a/an ____________ ignored, continued, blew, stood, bent, made, (a) Noun want, kept, bear, fell (Any Four) (b) adverb (c) verb II. Read the following sentences and identify the correct part of speech. Ans: 1- (a) verb, 2-(c) Adverb, 3-(a) Pronoun, 4-(b) Preposition, 5-(c) Noun, 6-(b) Adverb, 7-(a) Adjective, 1. She went to the market and bought some 8-(a) Conjunction, 9-(a) Interjection, 10-(a) Noun eggs. Here WENT is a __________________ (a) verb (b) adverb (c) noun 2. I want to go now. Here NOW is a/ an__________________ (a) verb (b) adjective (c) adverb 55

PRACTICE SHEET - 3 (PS-3) I. In the space at the right of each sentence, write the part of speech of the underlined word. In making your decision, ask yourself how the word functions in the sentence. The first sentence is done as an example. 1. We took an express train. Adjective 2. The train arrived on time. _______________________ 3. I will train your dog. _______________________ 4. Cross the street on a green light. _______________________ 5. Turn right at the next cross street. _______________________ 6. She was wearing a cross. _______________________ 7. The fire department is always ready. _______________________ 8. We saw a large fire in the distance. _______________________ 9. He can field a ball faster than other players. _______________________ 10. The new field is ready for use. _______________________ 11. A field mouse was caught. _______________________ 12. Everyone left the building in a hurry. _______________________ 13. I sat on the left side of the room. _______________________ 14. Turn left at the next corner. _______________________ 15. You are quite right. _______________________ 16. Keep to the right. _______________________ 17. Go right to the end of the road. _______________________ 18. Children like sweets. _______________________ 19. He climbs like a cat. _______________________ 20. She responded in like manner. _______________________ Ans: 2. Noun, 3. Verb, 4. Verb, 5. Adjective, 6. Noun, 7. Adjective, 8. Noun, 9. Verb, 10. Noun, 11. Adjective, 12.  Verb, 13. Adjective, 14. Adverb, 15. Adjective, 56

SELF-EVALUATION SHEET Marks: 20 Time: 30 Mins 16.  Noun, 17. Adverb, 18. Verb, 19. Preposition, 20. Adjective I. Choose the right part of speech for the underlined words. (10 Marks) 1 Stamp this envelope. (a) Noun (b) Verb 2 That is a fast boat. (a) Adjective (b) Verb 3 The calm lasted for three (a) Adjective (b) Noun days. 4 The messenger is waiting (a) Noun (b) Verb outside. 5 Hurrah! The battle is won. (a) Interjection (b) Verb 6 It was her only chance. (a) Adjective (b) Verb 7 Prices are up. (a) Adjective (b) Adverb 8 Let them even the (a) Noun (b) Verb ground. 9 He ran down the hill. (a) pronoun (b) Preposition 10 She was late, so we (a) Adjective (b) helped her. Conjunction Ans: 1-(b) Verb, 2-(a) Adjective, 3-(b) Noun, 4-(a) Noun, 5-(a) Interjection, 6-(a) Adjective, 7-(b) Adverb, 8-(b) Verb, 9-(a) pronoun, 10- b) Conjunction II. Choose the correct word to fill in the blank from the choices listed in (a) and (b). (10 Marks) 1. I am doing ________________. (a) well (b) good 2. She dances ______________________ (a) beautiful (b) beautifully 3. I would like to have two cups of _________________. (a) tea (b) teas 4. ______________ is coming for the dinner. (a) Him (b) He 5. I sat _____________ the coffee shop. (a) in (b) between 6. I _____________ feeling sleepy. (a) am (b) are 7. She speaks __________. (a) fast (b) fastly 8. You should stand ___________ when the teacher comes. (a) up (b) down 9. The fishermen ____________ fishing in the sea. (a) is (b) are 10. Nelson Mandela’s _____________ made him famous. (a) wisdom (b) wise Ans: 1. (a) well, 2-(b) beautifully, 3- (a) tea, 4-(b) He, 5-(a) in, 6-(a) am, 7-(a) fast, 8-(a) up 9-(b) are 10-(a) wisdom 57

2. Phrases, Clauses and Sentences Month: July Total Periods: 03 Learning Objectives • Define a sentence. • Identify the difference between a phrase, a At the completion of this chapter, the students will be able to: clause and a sentence practically. • Define a phrase. • Define a clause. Concept Map WORDS PHRASES CLAUSES SENTENCES (THE BASIC UNIT) (GROUP OF (CLAUSES MADE (We can join two or more RELATED WORDS) UP OF PHRASES) clauses to make sentences) Starter Activity that the dependent clause always starts with a Conjunction. In your previous classes, you have already learnt In the second example, “I could not go out” is the about words and sentences. Today from the above independent clause and “Since it was raining” is concept map, we can see how related words can make the dependent clause. “Since” is the conjunction. phrases. Phrases are parts of the clauses and two or • Sentence: A sentence is a group of words which more clauses can join together to become sentences. has a subject and a predicate. There can be simple Our lesson today is about phrases, clauses and sentences. sentences and we will learn to differentiate between them. Examples: 1. He lives in this building. Key Points 2. My brother likes sweets. • Phrase:  A group of related words which do not have We can make more complex sentence by joining a subject or a verb. So they cannot be used alone, two or more clauses or phrases. but you can use them as part of a clause/sentence, I forgot to pack my toothbrush for our vacation where they are used as parts of speech. because I was late to catch the train. Examples: The above sentence is made up of two clauses: 1. After dinner. (No subject, No verb) 1. I forgot to pack my toothbrush for our vacation: 2. Running fast. (No subject- who/what is running?) Independent Clause 2. Because I was late to catch the train: Dependent In the above sentences, you may find nouns (dinner) and even verb (running) but the noun is Clause not doing any action (verb). They are all phrases. Phrases: pack my toothbrush, for our vacation etc. • Clause: A clause is a group of words that has The teacher can end the class with the following subject, a verb and a predicate. activity: A clause can sometimes act as a sentence and gives Quiz a complete meaning. That kind of clause is called Write down the following sentences on the board and an Independent Clause. When it is dependent on ask the children to identify subject and verb. Put a the other clause for a complete meaning, it is called cross wherever it applies. Dependent/Subordinate Clause. Examples: 1. I love roses because they look beautiful. 2. Since it was raining, I could not go out. The above sentence has two clauses. “I love roses” is the independent clause and “because they look beautiful” is the dependent clause. Please note 58

2. Phrases, Clauses and Sentences Month: July Total Periods: 03 Subject Verb 1. The boy in the blue coat is my brother. Boy ________ 2. On the blackboard Blackboard ________ 3. But it is really surprising. It ________ 4. The open door door ________ 5. I love playing golf. I Play Identification of Phrase, Clause and A Sentence Study this table to understand the difference between a phrase, a clause and a sentence. Phrase Clause Sentence A phrase is a group of words A clause is a group of words A sentence is a group of words It does not make a complete sense It may or may not be dependent It expresses a complete thought by itself. on something else for complete meaning It has a subject and a verb It has no subject or verb It has a subject and a verb Rita sat on a wooden chair/Rita sat On a wooden chair That was made of wood on a chair made of wood. Study the following sentences and look at the highlighted parts.   1. The lady who was ill was taken to a hospital in the town. Who was ill- Clause In the town- Phrase 2. Before I went to school, I ate breakfast in a hurry. Before I went to school- Clause In a hurry- Phrase Transformation of a Phrase Into a Clause We can change a phrase into a clause by adding a subject and a verb to it. Examples: People living in glass houses cannot throw stones at others. People who live in glass houses cannot throw stones at others. In the above sentences, ‘living in glass houses’ is a phrase whereas ‘who live in glass houses’ becomes a clause. More examples: I heard of his success. I heard that he has succeeded. No one can guess the time of his arrival. No one can guess when he will arrive. The words like who, that and when as shown in the above examples are called conjunctions. 59

2. Phrases, Clauses and Sentences Month: July Total Periods: 03 Work Plan CONTENT PERIODS ALLOTTED RESOURCES Phrase, Clause and Sentence PS-1 2 PS-2 PS-3 Evaluation with self- check or Peer check* 1 Self Evaluation Sheet *Administering self-evaluation at the end of a chapter is a good practice • Teacher discusses the correct answer or display it using an overhead projector and ask the students to exchange their sheets or books to check and correct each other’s work. • The teacher may only need to do a sample check of students’ work. • Typically takes 10 – 15 mins. 60

PRACTICE SHEET - 1 (PS-1) I. Mark the following statements true or false. Ans: STATEMENT TRUE/ SUBJECT VERB FALSE 1. I Saw 2. X X 1. A phrase may be a word or group of 3. X X words 4. X X 5. My grandmother Told 2. A phrase gives a complete meaning. 6. My mother Baked 7. X X 3. A phrase is a part of a sentence. 8. Julie Runs 9. X X 4. A clause has a subject. 10. Lion Roared 5. A clause cannot work as a sentence. 6. A sentence has a subject and a verb. 7. A clause can exist without a subject. 8. A sentence gives us an incomplete meaning. Ans: 1. True,  2. False,  3. True,  4. True,  5. False, 6. True,  7. False,  8. False. II. Separate the subject and the verb in the following sentences. Put a cross wherever applies. Look at the example given for you. SENTENCE SUBJECT VERB went She went for a walk. She 1. I saw a scary movie. 2. On the mountain top 3. Is very talented 4. In the jungle 5. My grandmother told me a story. 6. My mother baked a cake. 7. In the corner 8. Julie runs on the beach every morning. 9. After the function 10. The lion roared loudly. 61

PRACTICE SHEET - 2 (PS-2) I. Read the following sentences and write ‘P’ for phrase and ‘C’ for clause. Look at the example given for you. So she went away _______C__________ 1. Because of illness _­ ________________ 2. Since it was raining _________________ 3. It was for the first time _________________ 4. In the month of December _________________ 5. A frog came jumping _________________ 6. Due to heavy rain _________________ 7. If you guide me _________________ 8. As the things came to an end____________ 9. Without saying good bye _________________ 10. Because she is ill _________________ 11. I did not go out _________________ 12. The chief guest came late _________________ 13. At a slow pace _________________ 14. With great care _________________ 15. It is made of gold _________________ Ans: 1. P 2. C 3. C 4. P 5. C 6. P 7. C 8. C 9. P 10. C 11. C 12. C 13. P 14. P 15. C 62

PRACTICE SHEET - 3 (PS-3) 1. Read the following story and answer the 2. Any statement with a subject and a verb questions that follow. Bunny rabbit lived in the forest, He had many friends, Bunny rabbit lived in the forest. He had many he was proud of his friends, Bunny rabbit ran to the friends. He was proud of his friends. bear, I am hungry and tired One day Bunny rabbit heard the loud barking of wild dogs. He was very scared. He decided to ask 2. Read the following sentences and change the for help. He quickly went to his friend deer. But the underlined phrases into clauses. deer said that he was busy and asked him to go to 1. No one knows the time of his arrival. the bear. 2. I know him to be an honest person. Bunny rabbit ran to the bear. He requested to the 3. He is confident of his success. bear to help him. The bear replied, “I am sorry. I am 4. My father expected an improvement in my hungry and tired. I need to find some food. Please grades. ask the monkey for help.” 5. I hope to be there in time. Poor Bunny went to the monkey, the elephant, the Ans: goat and all his other friends. Bunny rabbit felt sad 1. No one knows when he will arrive. that nobody was ready to help him. 2. I know that he is an honest person. He understood that he had to think of a way out 3. He is confident that he will succeed. by himself. He hid under a bush. He lay very still. 4. My father expected my grades to improve. The wild dogs did not find the bunny. They went 5. I hope that I will be there on time. chasing other animals. Bunny rabbit learnt that he had to learn to survive by himself, not depending on his unhelpful friends. 1. Find any five phrases. __________________________ __________________________ __________________________ __________________________ __________________________ 2. Find any five clauses. __________________________ __________________________ __________________________ Ans: 1. In the forest, of his friends, to the bear, to help him, to find some food, for help, by himself, un- der a bush, by himself 63

SELF-EVALUATION SHEET Marks: 20 Time: 30 Mins I. Read the following sentences and identify the II. In the space before each group of words, mark subject and the verb. (10 Marks) P if it is a PHRASE, C if it is a CLAUSE. (10 Marks) 1. Over my head ____________ 1 The dog barked. Subject Verb 2. Because I was afraid ____________ 3. I didn’t get much sleep. ____________ 2 His head is fat and round. 4. That night ____________ 5. I knew what happened____________ 3 We waited for three days. 6. So that I could get some rest ____________ 7. I heard the cat’s meow ____________ 4 Nobody said a word. 8. When I finally got up____________ 9. I got so tired ____________ 5 We have won the battle. 10. The next day ____________ Ans: 6 The moon disappeared behind 1. P the clouds. 2. C 3. C 7 He has small, dark eyes. 4. P 5. C 8 My brother still drives his old 6. C car. 7. C 8. C 9 He ran down the hill. 9. C 10. P 10 My mom was late from her office. Ans: Verb barked Subject is 1 Dog waited 2 His head said 3. We have won 4 Nobody disappeared 5 We has 6 The moon drives 7 He ran 8 My brother was 9 He 10 My mom 64

3. Types of Sentences Month: July Total Periods: 03 Learning Objectives At the completion of this chapter, the students will be able to: • Know the types of sentences. • Use appropriate punctuation marks at the end of a sentence. • Transform a sentence from one type to another without altering the meaning. Starter Activity Read the following passage and remember to look at the different kinds of punctuation marks. The peacock is one of the most beautiful birds in the world. The peacock’s tail has wonderful colours too. Did you know the tail is almost five feet long? The peacock’s tail slows him down when he has to run from other killer animals. What a surprise! So why does the peacock have such a long tail? Think about it. If the male peacock is strong enough to survive even with his long tail, the female peacock figures that he will make a good partner. From the above passage, we can see that a sentence begins with a capital letter and can end with a full stop (.), question mark (?) or an exclamation mark (!). Key Points 2. Interrogative Sentence: A sentence that asks a question is called an interrogative sentence. It begins I. Types of sentences with a helping verb or ‘wh’ question words like who, A group of words that makes complete sense is called what, which, when, where and how. It ends with a a sentence. question mark. Notice the following sentences: Structure: 1. I am the monitor of my class. 2. How beautiful the day is! Helping verb/wh words+ subject+ other words? 3. Do you like comedy movies? Examples: 4. Open the door. 1. Do you like oranges? Each group of words is a sentence. However, they 2. Is this your pen? differ in meaning. So, on the basis of meaning, 3. What is your name? sentences are of following kinds: 1. Assertive sentence 3. Imperative Sentence: Imperative sentence 2. Interrogative sentence expresses a command, advice or a request. It usually 3. Imperative sentence begins with a verb and the subject ‘you’ is hidden and 4. Exclamatory sentence. understood. 1. Assertive Sentence: An assertive sentence is a Structure: sentence that states a fact. Such sentences are simple statements. They state, assert or declare something. You (hidden) + main verb+ other words. Assertive sentences are of two types: Affirmative and Examples: Negative. 1. Open the door. 2. Please give me some water. Structure: 3. Do your homework. 4. Do not make noise. Subject + verb+ other words. Examples: 1. My father is a pilot.-Affirmative sentence 2. He is not an honest person.- Negative sentence 65

3. Types of Sentences Month: July Total Periods: 03 4. Exclamatory Sentence: a sentence that expresses NEGATIVE TO AFFIRMATIVE strong feeling of joy, sorrow, surprise etc. is called an My father is not a dishonest person. exclamatory sentence. It ends with an exclamation My father is an honest person. mark. INTERROGATIVE TO ASSERTIVE Who would not like to be rich? Examples: Everyone would like to be rich. 1. How beautiful she is! EXCLAMATORY TO ASSERTIVE 2. What a shame! What a lovely voice she has! II. Transformation of sentences: She has a lovely voice. We can change the form of a sentence without IMPERATIVE TO ASSERTIVE Please leave the room. altering its meaning. You are ordered to leave the room. AFFIRMATIVE TO NEGATIVE 1 James can write faster than me. I cannot write as fast as James. ASSERTIVE TO INTERROGATIVE 2 We cannot imagine a day without water. Can we imagine a day without water? ASSERTIVE TO EXCLAMATORY 3 The rain is really lovely. How lovely the rain is! ASSERTIVE TO IMPERATIVE 4 I request you not to make a noise. Do not make a noise. Work Plan CONTENT PERIODS ALLOTTED RESOURCES Starter Activity and Types of Sentences 1 PS-1 Transformation of Sentences 1 PS-2 PS-3 Evaluation with self- check or Peer check* 1 Self- Evaluation Sheet *Administering self-evaluation at the end of a chapter is a good practice • Teacher discusses the correct answer or display it using an overhead projector and ask the students to exchange their sheets or books to check and correct each other’s work. • The teacher may only need to do a sample check of students’ work. • Typically takes 10 – 15 mins. 66

PRACTICE SHEET - 1 (PS-1) I. Read the following sentences and write the type of the sentence from the box. The first one is done for you as an example. Affirmative Negative Exclamatory Interrogative Imperative What nonsense! Exclamatory 1. What a grand function! ______________________________ 2. Are you going to school? ______________________________ 3. Bring me some water. ______________________________ 4. Wear your uniform. ______________________________ 5. They have left the town. ______________________________ 6. How silly the question is! ______________________________ 7. I wish I could go on a vacation. ______________________________ 8. Can I take my puppy in a train? ______________________________ 9. Open the door and the windows. ______________________________ 10. My dad is a doctor. ______________________________ 11. It is a beautiful day. ______________________________ 12. My mother is not very talkative. ______________________________ 13. May I borrow your pen? ______________________________ 14. What a pleasant surprise! ______________________________ 15. He does not work hard. ______________________________ Ans: 1. Exclamatory 2. Interrogative 3. Imperative 4. Imperative 5. Affirmative 6. Exclamatory 7. Affirmative 8. Interrogative 9. Imperative 10. Affirmative 11. Affirmative 12. Negative 13. Interrogative 14. Exclamatory 15. Negative 67

PRACTICE SHEET - 2 (PS-2) 1. Change the following sentences according to the instructions given in brackets. Look at the example given for you. Robin is very intelligent. (Exclamatory) How intelligent Robin is! 1. What a sweet voice you have! (ASSERTIVE) 2. When can their glory fade? (ASSERTIVE) 3. Everyone knows him. (INTERROGATIVE) 4. This meal is delicious. (EXCLAMATORY) 5. You can get rid of all this junk. (IMPERATIVE) 6. Stand up. (ASSERTIVE) 7. What a fine gentleman he is! (ASSERTIVE) 8. The blind cannot see. (INTERROGATIVE) 9. Who has not heard of Gandhi? (ASSERTIVE) 10. It is a lovely morning. (EXCLAMATORY) 11. Isn’t this food hot? (ASSERTIVE) 12. You are ordered to get a taxi. (IMPERATIVE) Ans: 1. You have a sweet voice. 2. Their glory can never fade. 3. Does everyone know him? 4. What a delicious meal! 5. Get rid of all this junk. 6. You may stand up. 7. He is a fine gentleman. 8. Can the blind see? 9. Everybody has heard of Gandhi. 10. What a lovely morning! 11. This food is hot. 12. Please get a taxi. 68

PRACTICE SHEET - 3 (PS-3) 1. Change the following affirmative sentences into negative. Look at the example given for you. The girl was absent today. The girl was not present today. (a) He is always on time. (b) This medicine is cheap. (c) Iron is a heavy metal. (d) Mira can dance better than me. (e) My dad is professional about his job. (f) He is a dishonest man. (g) Ram walks faster than me. (h) This story book is interesting. Ans: (a) He is never late. (b) This medicine is not expensive/costly. (c) Iron is not a light metal. (d) I cannot dance as well as Mira. (e) My dad is not unprofessional about his job. (f) He is not an honest man. (g) I cannot walk as fast as Ram. (h) This story book is not boring/uninteresting. 2. Fill in the blanks using the words/phrases from the box. Thirsty camel full glasses desert plants thirty gallons moisture survive for without at all (a) A _____________________ can drink as much as (b) _____________________ of water-that’s about five hundred (c) _____________________ in just ten minutes. Normally, however, it gets all the (d) _____________________ it needs from (e) _____________________ and can (f) _____________________ up to ten months (g) _____________________ drinking any water (h) _____________________. Ans: (b) thirty gallons (a) Thirsty camel (d) moisture (c) full glasses (f) survive for (e) desert plants (h) at all (g) without 69

SELF-EVALUATION SHEET Marks: 20 Time: 30 Mins I. Read the following sentences and decide II. Match the following columns to make correct whether they are assertive, interrogative, sentences. (10 Marks) imperative or exclamatory. The first one is done for you as an example. (10 Marks) Column A Column B What a beautiful day! Exclamatory 1. The watchman a. Flooded our town last night. 1 Are you willing to join our 2. The river b. Can soothe our mind. team? 2 Get me some water. 3. Intelligent children c. Will soon become the head 3 Do not waste your time. boy. 4 I went to Nepal last year. 5 What a grand reception! 4. Music d. Foolishly threw the bone. 6 Take a left turn. 7 She is a good speaker. 5. Many flights e. Is prohibited at the Delhi 8 They have applied for the metro. passport. 6. He rides f. Got a scratch on its bumper. 9 How lovely you are! 7. My newly bought car g. Don’t need much attention. 10 What are your plans? 8. Photography h. Were delayed because of fog. 9. He i. A beautiful, white horse 10. The dog j. Remains awake during the night. Ans: Ans: 1 -j 1 Interrogative 2-a 2 Imperative 3-g 3 Imperative 4-b 4 Assertive 5-h 5 Exclamatory 6-i 6 Imperative 7-f 7 Assertive 8-e 8 Assertive 9-c 9 Exclamatory 10-d 10 Interrogative 70

4. Subject, Predicate and Object Month: August Total Periods: 03 Learning Objectives recess. Subject – The students, Predicate- complained about the short recess. At the completion of this chapter, the students will 3. Ms. Das is teaching Algebra to the be able to: students. Subject – Ms. Das, Predicate- is • List the necessary elements of a complete teaching Algebra to the students. 4. Monkeys are playing around in the sentence. garden. Subject – Monkeys, Predicate- are • Identify the subjects, predicates and objects in playing around in the garden.  5. My dad works in a factory. Subject – My dad, sentences. Predicate- works in a factory. • Write correct and complete sentences. • In some sentences, the subject may not necessarily perform a task. Hence subject can Starter Activity also be defined as the noun or pronoun used in a sentence about which something is being told. Copy down the following table on the board and ask Predicate is what is being told in a sentence about the students to read out the sentences. that subject. Examples: The cat ran WHO WHAT 1. He is very happy. Subject – He, Predicate- is home. The cat Ran home very happy My mom sat on My mom Sat on a chair 2. She looks very beautiful. Subject – She, a chair. Mira and I Jumped from the Predicate- looks very happy. Mira and I tree 3. My dad seems to be angry. Subject – My dad, jumped from My mom Are very happy. Predicate- seems to be angry. the tree. and dad 4. Honesty is the best policy. Subject – Honesty, My mom and I Can fly! Predicate- is the best policy. dad are very happy. • Object: The object is the noun (person/thing) upon I can fly! whom or which the action is carried out. In the above table, we can see that the sentences can Example: be divided into two distinct parts. The part which Monkeys are destroying the garden. answers “who or what” the sentence is about is called In this sentence, the action “destroying” is carried SUBJECT and “what” is being said about the subject is called the PREDICATE. by the “monkeys” and the action is carried upon the “garden”. So “Monkeys” is the SUBJECT and Example: “GARDEN” is the object of the verb “DESTROYING”.  The dog ran. More examples 1. Ms. Das teaches English. Subject – Ms. Das, The dog is the subject of the sentence because the sentence is telling something about that dog. And Object- English. what is it telling? It says that the dog ran. So in this 2. He is eating an apple. Subject – He, Object- an example, ran is the predicate. • To identify the subject and predicate in a sentence apple. 1. Find the verb (Action word) 3. She sings a song. Subject – She, Object- a song. 2. Ask WHO or WHAT in this sentence is doing that 4. He is writing a letter. Subject – He, Object- a action. letter. 3. In the above sentence, the verb is ran. If we ask • There can be two types of Objects: who ran, the answer is the dog. This is how we 1. Direct objects: A direct object answers the know that the ‘dog’ is the subject and ‘ran’ is the predicate. question “what?” or “who?” More examples In above sentences, all are the examples of direct 1. Yesterday after lunch, I went to the ground. Subject – I, object. Predicate- went to the ground. 2. Indirect objects: An indirect object answers the 2. The students complained about the short question “to whom?”, “for whom?” Examples: I gave my mom a gift. 71

4. Subject, Predicate and Object Month: August Total Periods: 03 In the above sentence, “a gift” is the direct object and “my mom” is the indirect object. He wrote his uncle a letter. Direct Object: a letter, Indirect Object: his uncle. Work Plan CONTENT COVERAGE DETAILS PERIODS RESOURCES ALLOTTED Subject, Predicate And How to identify them. PS 1 Object 2 PS 2 1 PS 3 Evaluation with self- check or Peer check* Self-Evaluation Sheet *Administering self-evaluation at the end of a chapter is a good practice • Teacher discusses the correct answer or display it using an overhead projector and ask the students to exchange their sheets or books to check and correct each other’s work. • The teacher may only need to do a sample check of students’ work. • Typically takes 10 – 15 mins. 72

PRACTICE SHEET - 1 (PS-1) I. Choose a subject from the box to complete each II. Fill in an appropriate subject to each sentence sentence. below. Example: _________________ went to school. (a) A sparrow (b) The car (c) My notebook Ans: The students went to school. (d) A dolphin (e) My 80-year-old grandmother 1. _________________ walked to the assembly. (f) My cupboard (g) Plants (h) The doctor 2. _________________ plays on the swing. (i) A butterfly (j) My mother 3. _________________ are visiting next week. 4. _________________ made a chocolate cake. 1. ________________________________ sat on 5. _________________ has a bone in his mouth. the flower. 6. _________________ sang happy birthday. 7. _________________ gave me a beautiful gift 2. ________________________________ has on my birthday. lots of clothes in it. 8. _________________ ran across the field. Ans: (can have varied answers) 3. ________________________________ gave 1. The whole class me medicine for my fever. 2. A little girl 3. My grandparents 4. ________________________________ needs 4. My sister soil, water, and sunlight. 5. A dog 6. All my classmates 5. ________________________________ 7. My uncle jumped in the sea. 8. A rabbit 6. ________________________________ was upset because I did not clear the exam. 7. ________________________________ is filled with stories that I wrote. 8. ________________________________ is sitting on the branch of a tree. 9. ________________________________ is in the garage. 10. ________________________________ can still read without glasses. Ans: 1. (i) 2. (f) 3. (h) 4. (g) 5. (d) 6. ( j) 7. (c) 8. (a) 9. (b) 10. (e) 73

PRACTICE SHEET - 2 (PS-2) I. Add suitable predicates to the following subjects to make meaningful sentences. 1. My sister ______________________________ __________________________ 2. Our school _____________________________ ___________________________ 3. Farmers _______________________________ _________________________ 4. The chair ______________________________ __________________________ 5. A large crowd __________________________ ______________________________ 6. My father ______________________________ __________________________ 7. My eldest brother _______________________ _____________________________ 8. Our servant ____________________________ _____________________________ 9. The girl________________________________ ________________________ 10. The postman ___________________________ _____________________________ Ans: (can have varied answers) 1. is a very good dancer. 2. has a large playground. 3. grow crops in the field. 4. is broken. 5. gathered outside my house. 6. serves in the army. 7. is a doctor. 8. works very hard 9. looks very pretty. 10. rides a bicycle. 74

PRACTICE SHEET - 3 (PS-3) I. Separate the subject and the object in the II. There are ten VERBS in the box below. Use each following sentences. The first one is done for one to make a sentence of your own with an you as an example. appropriate SUBJECT as well as OBJECT. You can change the tense form of the verb. SENTENCE SUBJECT OBJECT The boy Give Throw Take Catch Buy The car hits the boy. The car Sing Watch Deliver Read Smash 1. I saw a scary movie. 2. Rima loves ice-cream. Ans: (Will have varied answers) GIVE: My mother gives a beautiful present every 3. I kept the food on the year on my birthday. table. THROW: He threw the garbage in the bin TAKE: I take a glass of milk every day. 4. I am reading a new book. CATCH: He caught the train on time. BUY: Yesterday, I bought a new dress. 5. My grandmother told a SING: He sang a beautiful song. story. WATCH: I watched a sad movie, last night DELIVER: The postman delivered the letter. 6. My mother baked a cake. READ: I read a wonderful book last week. SMASH: The thief smashed the window pane. 7. My friends enjoyed my birthday party. 8. My uncle visited Japan last year. 9. He broke the flower pot. 10. My father lost his wallet. Ans: OBJECT A scary movie SUBJECT Ice-cream 1. I The food 2. Rima A new book 3. I A story 4. I A cake 5. My grandmother My birthday party 6. My mother Japan 7. My friends The flower pot 8. My uncle His wallet 9. He 10. My father 75

SELF-EVALUATION SHEET Marks: 20 Time: 30 Mins I. Identify the subject and the predicate in the (predicate). following sentences. (10x1=10) 10. Priya (subject)/ helped the old lady cross the 1. The sun shines brightly. road (predicate). 2. The dogs were barking loudly. II. Read the following sentences and tell whether 3. The girl looks very pretty. 4. My brother serves in the army. the underlined part is the Subject or the 5. The man and his wife were working in their Predicate.(10x1=10) 1. The boy ate the apple. garden. 6. My mother and my aunt are great cooks. ____________________ 7. He waited for me. 2. The boy ate the apple. 8. The tree was covered with leaves. 9. The grey cat is sleeping on the mat. ____________________ 10. Priya helped the old lady cross the road. 3. I need help with this math problem. Ans: ____________________ 1. The sun (subject) / shines brightly (predicate). 4. Next week my grandmother is coming from 2. The dogs (subject) / were barking loudly Kerala. ____________________ (predicate). 5. My favourite month is May. 3. The girl (subject) / looks pretty (predicate). 4. My brother (subject) / serves in the army ____________________ 6. The rooster crowed twice in the morning. (predicate). 5. The man and his wife (subject) / were work- ____________________ 7. The principal congratulated the girls on their ing in their garden (predicate). 6. My mother and my aunt (subject) / are great success. ____________________ 8. The cow was grazing in the field. cooks. 7. He (subject) / waited for me (predicate). ____________________ 8. The tree (subject) / was covered with leaves 9. The teacher praised the punctual students. (predicate). ____________________ 9. The grey cat (subject) is sleeping on the mat 10. I watched a movie on a duke and a duchess. ____________________ Ans: 1. Subject 2. Predicate 3. Predicate 4. Subject 5. Predicate 6. Subject 7. Predicate 8. Predicate 9. Subject 10. Predicate 76

5. Nouns and Kinds of Nouns Month: August Total Periods: 03 Learning Objectives At the completion of this chapter, the students will be • Identify nouns as a part of speech. able to: • Use different types of nouns in their writing • Define the term ‘Noun’. • Differentiate between different types of nouns and correctly. their usage. Starter Activity Copy down the following table on the board and ask the students to read out the content. Identify and place underlined words into different buckets like People, Place etc.. A PEOPLE PLACE ANIMAL THING QUALITY In June, Shivam asked his mother if she could Shivam School Dog June Responsibility buy him a dog. Shivam had always wanted Mother Home Pet Years Dedication a dog and now that he was fourteen years Brother Shelter Labrador Day Wish old, he thought that he was old enough to Bruno Morning have his own pet. Shivam’s mother told Work him that if he worked hard and showed Evening responsibility; then she would let him get a Summer dog when the next school year started. Every day since then, Shivam woke up early every morning and went to the school regularly. He then came home, and even took care of his younger brother until his mother came home from work in the evening. After the summer ended, Shivam’s mother was impressed with his dedication and decided to get him a dog. Shivam wanted to adopt a dog from the shelter, so Shivam and his mother went together to look for a good dog. After looking at a few dogs, Shivam decided to adopt a small Labrador. Shivam finally fulfilled his wish of having a dog and he named him Bruno. Key Points material) Love is a great thing. (Name of a feeling) 1. The underlined words in the passage above are • Noun does the following functions: names of people, place, animal, thing and quality. Naming People: examples: John, Fatima, Singh, These naming words are called NOUNS. Michael, Tom and so on. Examples: Naming Places: examples: America, China, Albert Einstein was a renowned scientist. (Name Church, Taj Mahal, Paris and so on. of a person) Naming Things: examples: Car, Hat, Bottle, Mice are afraid of cats. (Name of a category of Table, Chair, Ball and so on. animals) Naming Animals: examples: Dog, Rabbit, The fan is not working. (Name of a thing) The crowd gathered at the place of the accident. Elephant, Chicken, Horse and so on. Naming Feeling/Qualities/Ideas: examples: Joy, (Name of a group of people) Gold is used for making ornaments. (Name of a Fear, Beauty, Strength, Anger and so on. 77

5. Nouns and Kinds of Nouns Month: August Total Periods: 03 2. Kinds of nouns COLLECTIVE NOUNS FOR A GROUP OF PEOPLE I. Proper noun - Names of particular people or i. A crew of sailors. ii. An army of soldiers. places and things are called Proper Nouns. iii. A band of musicians. iv. A class of pupils. • Proper nouns always begin with a capital letter. v. A troupe of actors. vi. A panel of judges. Examples: vii. A gang of robbers. i. My name is Mohan. COLLECTIVE NOUNS THAT STAND FOR A GROUP ii. My best friend is Arti. iii. Come Bruno, let us go for a walk. OF THINGS iv. Hello Rahul! Will you play with me? i. A bunch of keys. v. I visited the Taj Mahal last year. ii. A pile of clothes. o Proper Nouns incudes: iii. A collection of books. i. The days of the week and the months of the iv. A string of pearls. v. A set of stamps. year, for example: Sunday, December, March, vi. A galaxy of stars. Friday etc. vii. A pack of cards. ii. The names of festivals and some special days, viii. An atlas of maps. for example: Christmas, Mother’s Day, New ix. A bouquet of flowers. Year’s Eve, Holi, Diwali etc. x. A bunch of grapes. iii. T he names of buildings, mountains, rivers and More examples: seas, for example: The Great Wall of China, a. My father bought me a pair of tennis shoes. Taj Mahal, Niagara Falls, Mount Everest, River b. There is a colony of ants near the tree. Ganges etc. c. A pile of clothes was kept on the bed. II. C ommon noun - Common nouns are naming d. Our team won the cricket match. words that are common to people, places, e. Watch out for that swarm of bees. things and animals of the same kind. IV. Material noun - These are the names of They are not capitalized unless they begin a sentence. For example boy, girl, doctor, town, materials or substances which different city, dog, car and so on. things are made of. For example: flour, cement, iron, steel, wood etc. There are no Examples plural forms of material nouns. i. Teachers teach in school. Examples: ii. Birds live on trees. i. My cricket bat is made of wood. iii. I love to read storybooks. ii. I need some flour for the cake. iv. My mother is a doctor. iii. My pen is out of ink. v. These chocolates and cakes are so delicious. iv. This ring is made of gold. v. This rod is made of steel. III. Collective noun - Collective nouns are used to name a group of persons, places, animals or V. Abstract noun – These are the names of things. A collective noun represents a complete ideas, feelings, qualities, actions or state whole. For examples: a library of books, which can neither be seen nor touched. a team of players and a family of four. Examples: COLLECTIVE NOUNS FOR A GROUP OF ANIMALS i. Truthfulness is a great virtue. AND BIRDS ii. Honesty is the best policy. iii. Childhood is the best time of life. i. A flock of sheep. iv. I have my own ideas and opinions. ii. A herd of cattle. v. He is a man of bravery. iii. A stud of horses. • Abstract nouns are derived particularly from iv. A gaggle of geese. v. A litter of cubs. nouns, verbs, and adjectives. vi. A flock of birds. FROM NOUNS: vii. A shoal of fish. viii. A pack of wolves. ix. A swarm of bees. 78

5. Nouns and Kinds of Nouns Month: August Total Periods: 03 NOUN ABSTRACT NOUN VERB ABSTRACT NOUN Brother Brotherhood Sell Sale Child Childhood Speak Speech Friend Friendship Think Thought King Kingship Treat Treatment Leader Leadership Man Manhood FROM ADJECTIVES: ABSTRACT NOUN Member Membership ADJECTIVE ability Mother Motherhood Able anger Neighbour Neighbourhood Angry beauty Scholar Scholarship Beautiful bravery Brave difference FROM VERBS: ABSTRACT NOUN Different difficulty VERB Action Difficult envy Act Appearance Envious greatness Appear Behaviour Great happiness Behave Belief Happy hunger Believe Death Hungry kindness Die Deed Kind length Do Employment Long honesty Employ Freedom Honest newness Free Growth New strength Grow Invitation Strong thirst Invite Judgement Thirsty uniqueness Judge Knowledge Unique weakness Know Laughter Weak width Laugh Loss Wide wisdom Lose Marriage Wise Marry Permission Permit Pleasure Please Refusal Refuse 79

5. Nouns and Kinds of Nouns Month: August Total Periods: 03 HOW TO FORM ABSTRACT NOUNS FROM ADJECTIVES: 1. Add-‘ness’ Examples: • Ready - Readiness  • Happy - Happiness  • Weak - Weakness • Sad - Sadness  • Mad – Madness 2. Add – ‘ity’  Examples: • Responsible - Responsibility. • Possible - Possibility. • Scarce - Scarcity  • Hilarious - Hilarity. • Probable - Probability  3. Add – ‘ance’ or ‘ence’ Examples: • Independent - Independence. • Important - Importance  • Silent - Silence  Work Plan CONTENT COVERAGE DETAILS PERIODS RESOURCES ALLOTTED Nouns Noun kinds and how to form abstract PS-1 nouns from adjectives 2 PS-2 1 PS-3 Evaluation with self- check or Peer check* Self-Evaluation Sheet *Administering self-evaluation at the end of a chapter is a good practice • Teacher discusses the correct answer or display it using an overhead projector and ask the students to exchange their sheets or books to check and correct each other’s work. • The teacher may only need to do a sample check of students’ work. • Typically takes 10 – 15 mins. 80

PRACTICE SHEET - 1 (PS-1) I. Identify the nouns in the following sentences and tell their kind. 1. The book was lying on the table. 2. Love begets love. 3. We cannot live without water. 4. The jury has given its verdict. 5. The Hindus regard Krishna as an incarnation of Lord Vishnu. 6. Give up your bad habits. 7. The earth moves round the sun. 8. Wild animals live in forests. 9. The childhood of Ravi was full of misery. 10. All the girls were singing. 11. Gold is a precious metal. 12. Rice is the staple food of South Indians. Ans: 1. The book was lying on the table. (book – com- mon noun; table – common noun) 2. Love begets love. (love – abstract noun) 3. We cannot live without water. (water – mate- rial noun) 4. The  jury  has given its  verdict. (jury – collec- tive noun; verdict – abstract noun) 5. The Hindus regard Krishna as an incarnation of Lord Vishnu. (Hindus – proper noun; Krish- na – proper noun; incarnation – common noun; Vishnu – proper noun) 6. Give up your bad  habits. (habits – abstract noun) 7. The earth moves round the sun. (earth – com- mon noun; sun – common noun) 8. Wild animals live in forests. (animals – com- mon noun; forests – common noun) 9. The  childhood  of  Ravi  was full of  misery. (childhood – abstract noun; Ravi – proper noun; misery – abstract noun) 10. All the  girls  were singing. (girls – common noun) 11. Gold  is a precious  metal. (Gold – material noun; metal – common noun/material noun) 12. Rice is the staple food of South Indians. (rice – material noun; food – common noun; Indians – proper noun) 81

PRACTICE SHEET - 2 (PS-2) Ans: 1. Lion – common noun; king – common noun; I. Pick out the abstract noun in each sentence. Use its opposite in a sentence of your own. beasts – common noun 1. The thieves escaped due to the carelessness 2. Honesty  – abstract noun;  policy  – abstract of police. 2. The child was known for his kindness. noun 3. Truth always triumphs. 3. Truth – abstract noun 4. This foolishness cost him dearly. 4. Rama  – proper noun; sister – common noun 5. He was full of sadness after his failure. 5. Solomon  – proper noun;  wisdom  – abstract Ans: (answer vary) 1. Carefulness- She is known among the office noun people for her carefulness in her work. 6. Birds – common noun; nests – common noun; 2. Cruelty- Animals are also living beings so we should not treat them with cruelty. trees – common noun 3. Falsehood- There is a lot of falsehood in the 7. Committee – collective noun; situation – ab- superstitions prevailing in the society. 4. Wisdom- It is  wisdom  that King Solomon stract noun asked God for, not intelligence. 8. Greenland  – proper noun;  island  – common 5. Happiness- Bubbling with happiness, she hummed a song. noun 9. Boys – common noun; performance – abstract II. Point out the nouns in the following sentences and state whether they are common, proper, noun collective, material or abstract. Look at the 10. Bunch  – collective noun;  grapes  – common example given for you. The angry mob pelted stones at the police. noun Mob – collective noun; stones – common 11. Children – common noun; anthem – common noun; police – collective noun 1. The lion is the king of beasts. noun 2. Honesty is the best policy. 12. fleet- collective noun; Cars – common noun 3. You must always speak the truth. 4. Rama is my youngest sister. 5. Solomon was famous for his wisdom. 6. Birds make their nests in trees. 7. A committee was appointed to study the situation. 8. Greenland is the largest island. 9. The boys were congratulated for their performance. 10. He gave me a bunch of grapes. 11. The children sang the national anthem. 12. He owns a fleet of cars. 82

PRACTICE SHEET - 3 (PS-3) I. Form abstract nouns from the following Ans: adjectives. Look at the example given for you . ii. A fleet of ships iii. A herd of cattle Long     Length iv. A pack of wolves i. Strong ————————– v. A swarm of bees ii. Cruel ————————– vi. An army of ants iii. Bitter ————————– vii. A school of fish iv. Dark ————————– viii. A deck of cards v. Wise ————————– ix. A bunch of grapes vi. Good ————————– x. A pride of lions vii. Sweet ————————– xi. A band of musicians viii. Free ————————– xii. A chest of drawers ix. Brave ————————– xiii. A choir of singers x. Ignorant ————————– xiv. A range of mountains xv. A forest of trees Ans: i. Strong – strength  ii. Cruel – cruelty  iii. Bitter – bitterness  iv. Dark – darkness  v. Wise – wisdom  vi. Good – goodness  vii. Sweet – sweetness  viii. Free – freedom  ix. Brave – bravery  x. Ignorant - ignorance II. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate collective noun. The first one is done as an example. i. A ­ flock  of birds ii. A _­ ______________ of ships iii. A ­_______________ of cattle iv. A _­ ______________ of wolves v. A _­ ______________ of bees vi. An ­______________ of ants vii. A ­_______________ of fish viii. A ­_______________ of cards ix. A ­_______________ of grapes x. A _­ ______________ of lions xi. A ­_______________ of musicians xii. A ­_______________ of drawers xiii. A ­_______________ of singers xiv. A _­ ______________ of mountains xv. A ­_______________ of trees 83

SELF-EVALUATION SHEET Marks: 20 Time: 30 Mins I. Circle the noun in each sentence. (10 Marks) 4. The regiment of soldiers showed their 1. Look at the little dog. bravery in the battle. Regiment is a/an........... 2. It sits in the grass. ....................... 3. They see an ant. (a) Common noun 4. It digs up sand. (b) Proper noun 5. What a big hill that is! (c) Collective noun 6. I am a quick little pig. (d) Material noun 7. Look at me run down the hill. (e) Abstract noun 8. My mom asked me to come back. 9. Help your dad now. 5. We saw a fleet of ships in the harbour. Fleet is 10. I can bring this big log to him. a/an........................................... Ans: (a) Common noun (b) Proper noun 1. Look at the little dog. (c) Collective noun 2. It sits in the grass. (d) Material noun 3. They see an ant. (e) Abstract noun 4. It digs up sand. 5. What a big hill that is! 6. I added milk and sugar in the tea. Milk is a/an 6. I am a quick little pig. ..................................... 7. Look at me run down the hill. (a) Common noun 8. My mom asked me to come back. (b) Proper noun 9. Help your dad now. (c) Collective noun 10. I can bring this big log to him. (d) Material noun (e) Abstract noun II. Choose the correct option and write it in the blank provided. Look at the example given for 7. London is on the river Thames. London is a/ you. (10 Marks) an........................................ (a) Common noun 1. Always speak the truth. (b) Proper noun Truth is a/an ..................................... (c) Collective noun (d) Material noun (a) Common noun (e) Abstract noun (b) Proper noun (c) Collective noun 8. Cleanliness is next to godliness. Cleanliness (d) Material noun is a/an...................................... (e) Abstract noun (a) Common noun (b) Proper noun 2. The school organised a farewell party. School (c) Collective noun is a/an................................... (d) Material noun (a) Common noun (e) Abstract noun (b) Proper noun (c) Collective noun 9. Rishabh is a hardworking boy. Rishabh is a/ (d) Material noun an........................................... (e) Abstract noun (a) Common noun (b) Proper noun 3. King Solomon was famous for his wisdom. (c) Collective noun Solomon is a/an.......................................... (d) Material noun (a) Common noun (e) Abstract noun (b) Proper noun (c) Collective noun (d) Material noun (e) Abstract noun 84

SELF-EVALUATION SHEET Marks: 20 Time: 30 Mins 10. He brought a piece of wood. Wood is a/an...... ................................. (a) Common noun (b) Proper noun (c) Collective noun (d) Material noun (e) Abstract noun Ans: 1. Truth- (e) abstract noun 2. School – (a) common noun 3. Solomon – (b) Proper noun 4. Regiment – (c) Collective noun 5. Fleet – (c) Collective noun 6. Milk – (d) Material noun 7. London- (b) Proper noun 8. Cleanliness – (e) Abstract noun 9. Rishabh – (b) Proper noun 10. Wood – (d) Material noun 85

6. Pronouns and Types Month: August Total Periods: 04 Learning Objectives At the completion of this chapter, the students will be able to: • Define the term ‘Pronoun’. • Differentiate between different types of pronouns and their usage. • Identify pronouns as a part of speech. Starter Activity Copy down the following table on the board and ask the students to read out the content. A B Bunny rabbit lived in the forest. Bunny rabbit had Bunny rabbit lived in the forest. He had many friends. many friends. One day Bunny rabbit heard the loud One day he heard the loud barking of wild dogs. barking of wild dogs. Bunny rabbit was very scared. He was very scared. He decided to ask for help. He Bunny rabbit decided to ask for help. Bunny rabbit quickly went to his friend deer. But the deer was busy quickly went to his friend deer. But the deer was busy so he asked him to go to the bear. So he ran to the so the deer asked Bunny rabbit to go to the bear. So bear and asked for help. But the bear was hungry and Bunny rabbit ran to the bear and asked for help. But tired. So the bunny rabbit went to the monkey, the the bear was hungry and tired. So Bunny rabbit went elephant, the goat and all his other friends. He felt to the monkey, the elephant, the goat and all his sad that nobody was ready to help. other friends. Bunny rabbit felt sad that nobody was ready to help. Key Points Examples: He, I, she, you, it, they, me, him etc. o Personal pronouns stand for three persons: 1. In the above activity, we can see how reading 1. First Person (the person who speaks) – I, Paragraph A becomes difficult and boring if we repeat the same noun “Bunny rabbit” over and we, me, us over in a paragraph. To avoid this, we have made 2. Second Person (the person who is spoken use of “He” in paragraph B. to) - You • Noun is the name of a person, thing, place and 3. Third Person (a person or a thing which is animal. The word which replaces a noun in a sentence is called a PRONOUN. A pronoun helps spoken about) – she, he, it, they, her, him, us avoid unnecessary repetition in our writing and them. speech. o Usage of Personal Pronoun: Examples of pronouns: I, me, mine, myself, she, her, hers, herself, we, us, ours, ourselves. Person Personal pronouns 2. Types of pronouns subjects Objects a. Personal b. Possessive singular 1st person I Me c. Reflexive d. Relative 2nd person You You e. Emphatic f. Interrogative 3rd person He, she, it Him, her, it g. Demonstrative h. Indefinite plural 1st person We Us i. Distributive a. A personal pronoun refers to a specific person 2nd person You You or object or group of things. 3rd person They them Examples: 1. This car belongs to us. 86

6. Pronouns and Types 2. I won the award. 2nd person You Yourselves 3. The matter is between him and me. 3rd person They Themselves 4. Why are you crying? Examples: Personal pronouns for people: I, you, he, she, 1. John reminded himself that he had to work we, they, me, you, him, her, us, them Personal pronouns for things and animals: it, hard. they, them 2. You are old enough to dress yourself. 3. I found myself in a dark corner. b. P ossessive pronouns describes a close 4. The dog covered itself with dirt. possession/ownership or relationship to a noun. d. Relative pronouns joins two sentences and refers back to a noun before it. Examples: His, yours, hers, mine, ours, theirs, mine etc. Examples: who, whom, whose, which, that 1. The woman who is in the red saree is my Usage of Possessive Pronoun: mother. Person Possessive pronouns 2. The shirt which is in your hand is very subjects Objects expensive. 3. A chair is a piece of furniture which we use for singular 1st person I Mine sitting. 2nd person You Yours 4. I found the ring that I thought I had lost. 3rd person He, she, it His, hers, its plural 1st person We Ours e. Emphatic pronoun is used for highlighting, stressing or emphasising the noun or pronoun 2nd person You Yours that comes before it. 3rd person They Theirs Examples: myself, himself, herself, itself, yourself, themselves, ourselves Examples: 1. This book is mine. 1. I myself went to check the gate. 2. That laptop is yours. 2. Ram himself washed the clothes. 3. These books are hers. 3. You yourself are responsible for low grades. 4. I have lost my books. I need yours. 4. The thieves themselves admitted their crime. f. Interrogative pronouns are used to ask questions. c. Reflexive pronoun is a pronoun which refers back Examples: what, which, who, whom, whose etc. to the subject of a sentence or clause. 1. Who is there at the door? 2. Which is your book? Examples: Himself, msyself, herself, yourself, 3. Whose is this pen? ourselves etc.) 4. Whom do you love the most in your family? Please note that a reflexive pronoun always acts as an OBJECT (You have already learnt about OBJECT-the one who receives the action.) Usage of Reflexive Pronoun: Person Reflexive Pronouns Subjects Objects Singular 1st person I Myself 2nd person You Yourself 3rd person He, she, it Himself, herself, itself Plural 1st person We Ourselves 87

6. Pronouns and Types Month: August Total Periods: 04 g. Demonstrative pronouns are used to indicate nouns. Examples: this, that, these and those 1. Those are my neighbour’s dogs. 2. This is my bicycle. 3. These are cakes baked for my birthday. 4. That is my bag. h. Indefinite pronouns are used to refer to some persons or things that are not definite or specific. Examples: all, anything, something, each, every, some, any, many, one, everything everybody, etc. 1. Nobody attended the meeting. 2. Something is wrong there. 3. Everyone was smiling. 4. All looked happy. i. Distributive pronoun is a pronoun which refers to people or things one at a time. Examples: each, every, either, neither 1. Either of you is responsible for this. 2. Each of us should follow the school rules. 3. Every child got a chocolate on my birthday. 4. Neither of you can do this work. Work Plan CONTENT COVERAGE DETAILS PERIODS RESOURCES Pronouns Pronouns and their types ALLOTTED PS-1 PS-2 Evaluation with self- check or Peer check* 3 PS-3 1 Self-Evaluation Sheet I. Rewrite the following paragraph and replace the underlined words with appropriate pronouns. *Administering self-evaluation at the end of a chapter is a good practice • Teacher discusses the correct answer or display it using an overhead projector and ask the students to exchange their sheets or books to check and correct each other’s work. • The teacher may only need to do a sample check of students’ work. • Typically takes 10 – 15 mins. 88

PRACTICE SHEET - 1 (PS-1) Ritu and Manish were brother and sister. One day Ritu and Manish returned from school. Ritu and Manish were very hungry and went straight into the kitchen. Ritu and Manish wanted to eat something. In the kitch- en Ritu and Manish saw a cat. The cat was drinking the milk, kept for Ritu and Manish. Manish ran out from the kitchen as Manish was scared of cats. Ritu was a brave girl. Ritu was not afraid of anything. Ritu took a stick and chased the cat away. The cat ran out. Manish saw the cat running away. Manish came back into the kitchen. Manish praised Ritu for Ritu’s courage. Ritu thanked Manish. Ans: Manish and Ritu were brother and sister. One day they returned from school. They were very hungry and went straight into the kitchen.  They  wanted to eat something. In the kitchen  they  saw a cat. It was drinking the milk, kept for them. Manish ran out as he was scared of cats. Ritu was a brave girl. She was not afraid of any- thing. She took a stick and chased the cat away. It ran out. Manish saw it running out. He came back into the kitchen. He praised Ritu for her courage. She thanked him. II. Read the following sentences and fill in the gaps with appropriate pronouns. 1. ____________ am sitting on the sofa. (I, They, You) 2. ____________ are watching TV. (He, We, It) 3. Are ____________ from Delhi? (He, She, You) 4. ____________ is going home. (I, We, He) 5. ____________ are playing football. (They, He, I) 6. ____________ was a wonderful birthday party. (He, We, It) 7. ____________ are learning English. (She, We, I) 8. Is ____________ your sister? (She, He, You) 9. ____________ are swimming in the pool. (I, She, They) 10. Are ____________ in the class? (Is, She, You) Ans: 1. I   2. We  3. You  4. He  5. They  6. It  7. We  8. She  9. They  10. You 89

PRACTICE SHEET - 2 (PS-2) I. Identify the underlined pronouns and name them from the box. Look at the example given for you. Personal Possessive Reflexive Relative Emphatic Interrogative Demonstrative Indefinite Distributive She can handle the situation herself. : Reflexive 1. You yourself must go to police station 2. These are my friend’s shoes.  3. This is my car. 4. He is the man who came to my house yesterday. 5. Whose books are these? 6. My friend hurt himself when he was the climbing the stairs. 7. Those are chameleons 8. Everyone is already here. 9. I begged him for more time. 10. He said he’d given me enough time already. Ans: 1. Empathic,  2. Demonstrative  3. Demonstrative  4. Relative  5. Interrogative  6. Reflexive  7. Demonstrative  8. Distributive  9. Personal  10. Personal II. Write the Possessive Pronouns matching the following. Look at the example given for you. A: Mine 1. You: ____________ 2. He: ____________ 3. She: ____________ 4. It: ____________ 5. We: ____________ 6. They: ____________ Ans: 1. you → yours 2. he → his 3. she → hers 4. it → its 5. we → ours 6. they → theirs 90

PRACTICE SHEET - 3 (PS-3) I. Read the following sentences and fill in the blanks with ‘this’ or ‘these’. Look at the example given for you. _________ building is hundred years old. Ans: This 1. _________ film is very boring. 2. _________are our bags. 3. Whose book is _________?  4. Could you help me with _________ boxes? 5. Whose purse is _________? 6. I have just bought _________  old car. 7. _________ man has three children. 8. I like _________ house. 9. Are _________ your pencils here? 10. _________ two boys are my friends. Ans: 1. This  2. These  3. This  4. These  5. This  6. This  7. This  8. This  9. These  10. These II. Fill in the blanks with the suitable pronouns given in the bracket. 1. My brother and ______________ (I, me) went to the movie last Saturday. 2. I heard the teacher talking about Ritu and ______________ (I, me) 3. Even ______________ (my, me) own mother wouldn’t believe me.  4. I should have been more careful, I blame ______________ (my, myself) for what has happened.  5. I am tall, but John is taller than ______________ (me, I) am.     6. I am tall, but John is taller than ______________. (me, am) 7. I would like you to meet Ruby, she is an old friend of ______________.   (me, mine) 8. Who is sitting beside ______________ (my, me)? 9. Give ______________ (mine, me) a glass of water. 10. ______________ (my, I) don’t understand this Math problem. Ans: 1. I  2. me  3. my  4. myself  5. I  6. me  7. mine 8. me  9. me  10. I 91

SELF-EVALUATION SHEET Marks: 20 Time: 30 Mins I. Rewrite these sentences by replacing the 2. She wants to do it herself.  underlined words with HE, SHE, IT, THEY, WE, a. Personal   HIS, HER, THEIR, OUR, ITS. Look at the example b. Reflexive given for you. c. Possessive   (10 Marks) d. Relative  e. Indefinite Men’s trousers are very expensive. f. Interrogative  Their trousers are very expensive. g. Demonstrative 1. Reena’s father is very thin. _________________________________________ 3. I can’t find them. 2. Renu’s skirt is very long. a. Personal   _________________________________________ b. Reflexive 3. Is your brother a businessman? c. Possessive  _________________________________________ d. Relative  4. My mother and I would like some tea. e. Indefinite _________________________________________ f. Interrogative  5. These are Manju’s and my books. g. Demonstrative _________________________________________ 6. Mrs. Gupta’s daughters are in the garden. 4. I can’t believe it’s finally ours.  _________________________________________ a. Personal   7. Where is Ravi’s mother? b. Reflexive _________________________________________ c. Possessive  8. My father’s car is blue in colour. d. Relative  _________________________________________ e. Indefinite 9. That rabbit is grey. The rabbit’s ears are g. Interrogative  h. Demonstrative long. _________________________________________ 5. The girl who usually cuts my hair has won 10. The students’ books are in the classroom. the lottery. _________________________________________ a. Personal   b. Reflexive Ans: c. Possessive  1. He is very thin. d. Relative  2. Her skirt is very long. e. Indefinite 3. Is he a businessman? f. Interrogative  4. We would like some tea. g. Demonstrative 5. These are our books. 6. They are in the garden. 6. He wants to go to Canada.  7. Where is she? a. Personal   8. His car is blue in colour. b. Reflexive 9. That rabbit is grey. Its ears are long. c. Possessive  10. Their books are in the classroom. d. Relative  II. In each of the following sentences a pronoun e. Indefinite has been highlighted. What type of pronoun is f. Interrogative  it?  (10 Marks) g. Demonstrative 1. We have made some progress. a. Personal   7. Why are you shouting at me?  b. Reflexive a. Personal   c. Possessive  b. Reflexive d. Relative  c. Possessive  e. Indefinite d. Relative  f. Interrogative  e. Indefinite g. Demonstrative f. Interrogative  g. Demonstrative 92

SELF-EVALUATION SHEET Marks: 20 Time: 30 Mins 8. Who wants to go for a movie?  a. Personal   b. Reflexive c. Possessive  d. Relative  e. Indefinite f. Interrogative  g. Demonstrative 9. Everybody is welcome. a. Personal   b. Reflexive c. Possessive  d. Relative  e. Indefinite f. Interrogative  g. Demonstrative 10. This was my mother’s ring. a. Personal   b. Reflexive c. Possessive  d. Relative  e. Indefinite f. Interrogative  g. Demonstrative Ans: 1.Personal  2.Reflexive 3. Personal  4. Possessive  5. Relative  6. Personal  7. Personal  8. Interrogative  9. Indefinite  10. Demonstrative 93

7. Punctuation Month: September Total Periods: 03 Learning Objectives At the completion of this chapter, the students will be able to: • Identify the punctuation marks. • Correctly use common punctuation marks in their writing. Starter Activity Read the given passages carefully. 2 1 Captain Singh began to tell his friends how a man can always remain young. He said that he was still young captain singh began to tell his friends how a man can because he ate food on time; went to bed on time; always remain young he said that he was still young and had a morning walk every day. He said this and because he ate food on time went to bed on time gently twirled the ends of his moustache, which he and had a morning walk every day he said this and dyed black every third day. gently twirled the ends of his moustache which he dyed black every third day youve a beautiful black “You’ve a beautiful black moustache, Captain,” said moustache captain said one of his friends one of his friends. 1. Full stop (.): It marks the longest pause. So from the above passages, it is clear that even after Used to end an assertive or imperative sentence. giving a smooth reading to passage 1, we couldn’t Examples: understand clearly what it contained. • She stood up and went away. She was furious. When we read Passage 2, we find that it contains • Write down this statement in your notebook. some marks and we could easily comprehend the Used after some abbreviations or initials. content. Examples: You can easily see that • Co. (Company) • Some of the marks show where you should stop • M.P. (Member of Parliament) • e.g. (for example) and for how long. • no. (number) • Some enclose the words that were spoken by Full stops are not essential in case of • Acronyms such as FIFA, PETA, UNICEF etc. somebody. • Abbreviations such as USA, BBC, UK etc. • Some stops indicate the mood in which the words 2. Question Marks (?) Used at the end of interrogative sentences. were spoken. Examples: • Some letters have been written in capital. • Where do you live? • Are you crazy? Key Points • Did you do the homework? 3. Exclamation Marks (!) 1. Punctuation marks -The system of using certain a. To mark an interjection. marks in written language to show pauses, and to Examples: separate words, phrases, clauses and sentences, in • Alas! She is dead. order to clarify the meaning is called punctuation. • Wow! You are looking beautiful. • Oh! It’s awful. 2. Types of punctuation marks • Hello! How are you? 1. Full stop (.) b. To end an exclamatory phrase or sentence. 2. Question mark (?) Examples: 3. Comma (,) 4. Exclamatory mark (!) 94 5. Quotation mark (“ ”) 6. Apostrophe (‘) 7. Hyphen (-) 8. Capital letters (A, B, C etc.) 9. Semi-colon (;) 10. Colon (:)

7. Punctuation Month: September Total Periods: 03 • How beautiful she is! colon. • What a nice girl! a. to introduce a list: • How interesting! Examples: 4. Commas (,): They mark the shortest pause. • He visited three cities last summer holiday: a. To set apart words in a series or list. Examples: Madrid, Rome and Athens. • I bought pencils, crayons, eraser and a pen. • His best friends are: Nilesh, Ali, James and • She is smart, good-looking, honest and Cyrus. hardworking. b. To introduce an idea or an explanation: Please note: The last two words in the series usually Examples: do not need a comma between them. They are • He had one idea in mind: to see her as soon as separated by “and”. b. Between adjectives or adverbs: possible. Examples: c. To introduce direct speech or a quotation: • I have a big, black Alsatian dog. Examples: • She speaks slowly, quietly and softly. • Father: Do me a favour, son. c. After the street address and city in an address: Son: Sure, dad. Examples: Father: Please get me this medicine from the • 34, Vivek Nagar, Bangalore d. to mark off a quotation (direct speech) medical store. Examples: Son: In a minute, dad. • He said, “I hate being treated like that.” • “I’m sorry”, she replied. 7. Apostrophes (‘) e. After yes, no, please, of course, in fact etc. a. To indicate possession of a noun. Examples: EXAMPLES: • No, I will not. • I am using my brother’s pen. • In fact, he is quite popular. • Mohan’s house is huge and beautiful. f. After/before the name of the person addressed. b. To indicate omission of a letter or letters in a Examples: • Rahul, it is time to sit and study. contraction. • Have a nice day, Neha. EXAMPLES: • I’m happy but I’ll not show. 5. Semicolons (;): marks a greater pause than a • Let’s play. comma. 8. Quotation Marks (“”) a. To quote speech, sentences or words. a. to separate clauses. EXAMPLES: Examples: • She said, “I am going to the market.” I sang; he danced; they rejoiced. • “Stop making this noise, children,” she said. b. used instead of a full stop or period to separate 9. Capital Letters: a. Capitalise the first word in a sentence. independent sentences: EXAMPLES: Examples: • They arrived late. They had dinner and went to • They woke up early; then they went jogging. c. to separate items in a series when those items sleep. • The first word in a quote. contain punctuation such as a comma: They • He said, “You are fantastic.” visited the Eiffel Tower, Paris; Big Ben, London; b. Capitalize “I”. and the statue of liberty, New York. EXAMPLES: Examples: • I’m very sorry for being late. I missed the bus. • He looks happy; he has been out, played his c. Capitalize proper nouns. EXAMPLES: favourite sport and swum leisurely. • Ram was furious when he heard the bad news 6. Colons (:): Marks a pause longer than even semi from his office. 95

7. Punctuation Month: September Total Periods: 03 d. Capitalise proper nouns EXAMPLES: • India, Mohan, Himalayas, Christmas e. Capitalise names of institutions, days, months, newspapers etc. EXAMPLES: • Indian Institute of Science and Technology, Monday, May, The Times of India f. The official title of a person, the initials in someone’s name are capitalised EXAMPLES: • Dr. Lynch. • D. H. Lawrence is a wonderful novelist. Work Plan CONTENT COVERAGE DETAILS PERIODS RESOURCES ALLOTTED PS-1 Punctuation Punctuation marks and their usage PS-2 2 PS-3 Evaluation with self- check or Peer check* 1 Self-Evaluation Sheet *Administering self-evaluation at the end of a chapter is a good practice • Teacher discusses the correct answer or display it using an overhead projector and ask the students to exchange their sheets or books to check and correct each other’s work. • The teacher may only need to do a sample check of students’ work. • Typically takes 10 – 15 mins. 96

PRACTICE SHEET - 1 (PS-1) I. Add commas wherever necessary. II. Rewrite the paragraph with the proper 1. My dad’s desk in his office is covered in punctuation marks. paper books pens and pencils. 2. My aquarium has gold fish snails and a I have a dog he is a Labrador he is black in turtle. colour he wags his tail and licks my face when 3. My mom likes sugar milk and cream in her he is happy he loves going for walks and chasing morning cup of tea. a red ball I take him to school sometimes once 4. We learned addition subtraction and he saw a black cat and wanted to chase her too multiplication in math this year. but I didnt let him is he mad at me I dont know 5. After my birthday I wrote thank you notes to but I love my dog very much because he always my aunt uncle and cousins for my gifts. obeys me and follows me everywhere 6. We used boxes tape and a big truck to move Ans: to our new house. 7. Before school starts every year we buy I have a dog. He is a Labrador. He is black in colour. clothes books pencils and new shoes. He wags his tail and licks my face, when he is happy. 8. The children on the school bus sing shout He loves going for walks and chasing a red ball. I and even fight sometimes. take him to school sometimes. Once he saw a black 9. During our picnic we played games ate cat and wanted to chase her too but I didn’t let him. sandwiches and sang songs. Is he mad at me? I don’t know, but I love my dog very 10. My favorite subjects are English Science and much because he always obeys me and follows me Math. everywhere. Ans: 1. My dad’s desk in his office is covered in paper, books, pens, and pencils. 2. My aquarium has gold fish, snails, and a turtle. 3. My mom likes sugar, milk, and cream in her morning cup of tea. 4. We learned addition, subtraction and multipli- cation in math this year. 5. After my birthday I wrote thank you notes to my aunt, uncle and cousins for my gifts. 6. We used boxes, tape and a big truck to move to our new house. 7. Before school starts every year we buy clothes, books, pencils and new shoes. 8. The children on the school bus sing, yell and even fight sometimes. 9. During our picnic we played games, ate sand- wiches and sang songs. 10. My favourite subjects are English, Science and Math. 97

PRACTICE SHEET - 2 (PS-2) I. Read the following story and punctuate the able to help him. He lifted his paw and let him go. same. Sometime later, a few hunters captured the lion, once a lion the king of the jungle was asleep a and tied him to a tree. After that they went in search little mouse began running up and down on him of a wagon to take him to the zoo. this soon awakened the lion he placed his huge Just then the little mouse happened to pass by. On paw on the mouse and opened his big jaws to seeing the lion’s plight, he ran up to him and cut swallow him away the ropes that bound him. “Was I not right?” the little mouse cried forgive me this time i shall said the little mouse. He was very happy to help the never repeat it and i shall never forget your lion. kindness who knows i may be able to help you one day II. Rewrite the following sentences using suitable the lion was tickled by the idea of the mouse punctuation marks wherever necessary. being able to help him he lifted his paw and let 1. The professor asked when was the treaty him go sometime later a few hunters captured signed the lion and tied him to a tree after that they went 2. Our school organised many competitions in search of a wagon to take him to the zoo dance competition singing competition and just then the little mouse happened to pass by on quiz competition seeing the lions plight he ran up to him and cut 3. When I was a child I liked to eat eggs away the ropes that bound him was i not right 4. We ordered our favourite bread and butter said the little mouse he was very happy to help rice and curry the lion 5. Go and get me a glass of water she said 6. I bought a pen a notebook an eraser and a Ans: pencil Once, a lion, the king of the jungle, was asleep. A lit- 7. We liked many things in Mumbai the tle mouse began running up and down on him. This atmosphere the big malls and the nice soon awakened the lion. He placed his huge paw on people the mouse and opened his big jaws to swallow him. 8. He said why are you upset The little mouse cried, “Forgive me this time. I shall Ans: never repeat it and I shall never forget your kind- 1. The professor asked, “When was the treaty ness. Who knows? I may be able to help you one signed?” day.” 2. Our school organised many competitions: dance The lion was tickled by the idea of the mouse being competition, singing competition and quiz com- petition. 3. When I was a child, I liked to eat eggs. 4. We ordered our favourite bread and butter, rice and curry. 5. “Go and get me a glass of water,” said she. 6. I bought a pen, a notebook, an eraser and a pen- cil. 7. We liked many things in Mumbai: the atmo- sphere, the big malls and the nice people. 8. He said, “Why are you upset?” 98

PRACTICE SHEET - 3 (PS-3) I. Punctuate these sentences and insert capital letters wherever required. 1. did you finish your homework geeta asked __________________________________________ 2. can I stay up late tonight to watch a movie __________________________________________ 3. dont touch that cake her mother warned. __________________________________________ 4. rainy season is my favourite whats yours __________________________________________ 5. I just saw a shooting star __________________________________________ 6. get out of here he shouted __________________________________________ 7. what did your mom pack in your lunch today __________________________________________ 8. a friend of mine works as a translator for WHO __________________________________________ 9. rahul lisa suman and gagan went to the party __________________________________________ 10. we could introduce drawing and sculpting singing and dancing into our curriculum __________________________________________ Ans: 1. “Did you finish your homework?” Geeta asked. 2. Can I stay up late tonight to watch a movie? 3. “Don’t touch that cake!” her mother warned. 4. Rainy season is my favorite. What’s yours? 5. I just saw a shooting star. 6. “Get out of here,” he shouted. 7. What did your mom pack in your lunch today? 8. A friend of mine works as a translator for W.H.O. 9. Rahul, Lisa, Suman and Gagan went to the party 10. We could introduce drawing and sculpting; singing and dancing into our curriculum. 99

SELF-EVALUATION SHEET Marks: 20 Time: 30 Mins I. Fill in all the missing punctuation marks. II. Rewrite after putting capital letters wherever (10 Marks) required.  (10 Marks) 1. That wind is freezing cold___ sooraj and i visited delhi last year. we saw the 2. “Your room is a mess___ It’s time to clean it red fort, the qutab minar, the lotus temple and the humayun’s tomb. we also saw the up_” his mother told him___ rashtrapati bhawan, the parliament house and 3. Remember to brush your teeth before bed_ the supreme court. travelling in the metro was a 4. “Go and get me a glass of water ___” said she nice experience. we also enjoyed various kinds of delicious food there. ___ 5. “Do you like butter rice___” Ravi‘s grandma ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________ asked him___ ___________________________________________ 6. Can we go to Goa this year___ ___________________________________________ 7. “It’s not fair___” Rekha said when her dad __________________________________________ __________________________________________ told her she couldn’t go to the movies. __________________________________________ 8. The dog chewed up my favourite shoes___ ___________________________________________ 9. Lokmanya Tilak says ___ Swaraj is my birth ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________ right and I shall have it.” _____ 10. What a piece of work man is ___ Ans: Ans: Sooraj and I visited Delhi last year. We saw the Red 1. That wind is freezing cold. Fort, the Qutab Minar, the Lotus Temple and the Hu- 2. “Your room is a mess. It’s time to clean it up.” mayun’s Tomb. We also saw the Rashtrapati Bha- wan, the Parliament House and the Supreme Court. his mother told him. Travelling in the metro was a nice experience. We 3. Remember to brush your teeth before bed. also enjoyed various kinds of delicious food there. 4. “Go and get me a glass of water.” said she. 5. “Do you like butter rice?” Ravi‘s grandma asked him. 6. Can we go to Goa this year? 7. “It’s not fair.” Rekha said when her dad told her she couldn’t go to the movies. 8. The dog chewed up my favourite shoes. 9. Lokmanya Tilak says: “Swaraj is my birth right and I shall have it.” 10. What a piece of work man is! 100