202110538-SUMMIT-STUDENT-WORKBOOK-ENGLISH_G&C-G04-PART2

Enhanced Edition NR_BGM_9789387888043_Summit G4 English Grammar Composition Part 2_Text.pdf 1 6/30/2018 11:31:09 AM

Preface IMAX partners with schools, supporting them with learning materials and processes that are all crafted to work together as an interconnected system to drive learning. IMAX presents the latest version of the Summit series – specially crafted as an accompanying workbook series for the Maharashtra state board textbooks. The Summit series endeavours to be faithful to the spirit of the National Curriculum Framework (NCF) 2005 in conjunction with the content covered and approach adopted in the Maharashtra state board textbooks. The NCF 2005 asserts: ‘Speech and listening, reading and writing, are all generalised skills, and children’s mastery over them becomes the key factor affecting success at school. In many situations, all of these skills need to be used together.’ The English workbooks and Grammar & Composition books for the Summit series strive hard to provide adequate opportunities for students to practise all the four skills: Listening, Speaking, Reading and Writing (LSRW). Below are some salient features of the Summit English workbooks series:  Summaries of the Balbharati English textbook lessons  Inclusion of pictures for word meanings in each lesson to help students with visual clues for new or difficult words for grades 1 & 2  Meanings of difficult words from the lessons provided, along with example sentences for grades 3, 4 & 5  Coverage of all textbook questions, along with adequate space for writing  ‘Quick Check’ questions at the start of every workbook lesson to recapitulate details of the textbook lesson for grades 3, 4 & 5  Inclusion of questions based on comprehension, vocabulary, judgement & appreciation and speaking skills for grades 3, 4 & 5 Here are some salient features of the Summit Grammar & Composition series:  The grammar concepts covered have a horizontal and vertical progression across grades, providing a spiral of cumulative learning  Inclusion of age-appropriate picture reading for grades 1 & 2, and reading comprehension passages for grades 3, 4 & 5  Inclusion of samples for format-based writing to provide for scaffolding of learning of formal writing  Provision of audio pieces for honing listening skills for grades 4 & 5 Overall, the IMAX English Summit series aims to generate greater engagement with the students and enhance fluency in English language communication, while providing them with an opportunity to develop a genuine appreciation of the language and its literature. – The Authors NR_BGM_9789387888043_Summit G4 English Grammar Composition Part 2_Text.pdf 2 6/30/2018 11:31:09 AM

Grammar and Composition Features Dictation Words from the textbook or sentences with commonly confused spellings for dictation practice PR VoDcicatbautilaorny LisDteicntiangtioAnudio Q Questions based on an audio piece for Practice exercises to help build and listening practice enhance age-appropriate vocabulary GrDaimctmataior n Writing Engaging grammar explanations and Formal Writing inculcates writing skills by well-crafted exercises introducing formal writing styles by providing samples and adequate practice R ReDaicdtiantgioCnomprehension Creative Writing exercises to foster Interesting reading comprehension creative writing by using imagination and passages on varied themes along drawing from real-life experiences with questions that focus on language building NR_BGM_9789387888043_Summit G4 English Grammar Composition Part 2_Text.pdf 3 6/30/2018 11:31:09 AM

Class 4 7 Module 7 ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 1 8 Module 8 ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 16 R4 Reading Comprehension �������������������������������������������������������������������� 31 9 Module 9 ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 36 10 Module 10 �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 50 R5 Reading Comprehension �������������������������������������������������������������������� 63 11 Module 11 �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 67 12 Module 12 �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 79 R6 Reading Comprehension �������������������������������������������������������������������� 91 13 Module 13 �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 95 NR_BGM_9789387888043_Summit G4 English Grammar Composition Part 2_Text.pdf 4 6/30/2018 11:31:09 AM

Module 7 Section Name What I Will Learn Dictation Word dictation Listening Audio Vocabulary Listen and answer Grammar Use of ‘to’, ‘two’ and ‘too’ Modal verbs Formal Writing Subject-verb agreement Creative Writing Editing exercise Story writing NR_BGM_9789387888043_Summit G4 English Grammar Composition Part 2_Text.pdf 5 1 6/30/2018 11:31:09 AM

Dictation 3) 6) Exercise 1: Word dictation 9) 1) 2) 4) 5) 7) 8) Listening Audio Exercise 2: Listen to the audio and answer the questions. [    ] 1) What did Trishanku desire? [    ] a) wealth b) to ascend bodily into heaven c) to reach heaven when he dies d) to get godly powers [    ] 2) Why did Sage Vishwamitra decide to fulfil Trishanku’s desire? [    ] a) for the good turn he had done Vishwamitra [    ] b) to get praises c) so that he is worshipped d) for making him stop praying to Vishnu 3) What did Indra do to Trishanku? a) made Trishanku sit next to him b) threw him down from heaven c) adorned him with flowers d) made him ascend to heaven 4) What did Vishwamitra do to keep Trishanku from falling down? a) propped him up with a long pole b) placed a big cloth mid-air c) propped him up with a sword d) raised his hand and caught him 5) Which part of the coconut, according to the story, is Trishanku’s beard? a) the husk b) the inner part c) the nut d) the fibre 2 NR_BGM_9789387888043_Summit G4 English Grammar Composition Part 2_Text.pdf 6 6/30/2018 11:31:09 AM

RP Vocabulary Q Use of ‘to’, ‘two’ and ‘too’ The words ‘to’, ‘too’ and ‘two’ sound exactly like one another but have very different meanings. To: It is a preposition that helps to express direction or to show a particular condition. Examples: •  He went to the market early yesterday. •  Rida likes to eat laddoos. Two: It is the number name for 2. Examples: •  Chanda has eaten two biscuits today. •  Two of his friends were laughing loudly. Too: It means ‘also’ or ‘to a large degree’. Examples: •  Neha loves chocolates, and I love them too. •  This house is too large for us. Exercise 3.1: Fill in the blanks with ‘to’, ‘two’ or ‘too’. 1) Romila had ________________ meet Shyam in the morning. 2) Zaheer saw ________________ lovely roses bloom in his garden. 3) I was invited to a party, and my sister was ________________. 4) Climb ________________ the top, and wave the flag. 5) He has gone ________________ far this time. 6) His father came home and gave him ________________ oranges. NR_BGM_9789387888043_Summit G4 English Grammar Composition Part 2_Text.pdf 7 Module 7 3 6/30/2018 11:31:09 AM

Exercise 3.2: In the following sentences, the underlined words have been used incorrectly. Rewrite the sentences using the correct words. 1) My mother went two Shillong last month. Ans. ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 2) Ravi likes too come back home early from office. Ans. ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 3) To of those apples are ripe and juicy. Please give me both. Ans. ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 4) Mary hates nursery rhymes. Her sister, Jane, hates them to. Ans. ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 5) Raza’s father brought too beautiful pens from his shop. One was blue, and the other was red. Ans. ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 6) Peter wants two be a surgeon when he grows up. Ans. ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 4 6/30/2018 11:31:09 AM NR_BGM_9789387888043_Summit G4 English Grammar Composition Part 2_Text.pdf 8

Grammar Verbs and helping verbs In the previous classes, we have learnt about main verbs and helping verbs. Remember ► V erbs are action words. They show the action that the noun does or the state of being of the noun. Examples: a) Corla cooks very well. b) Subhash lives in Assam. ► H elping verbs do not show any action but help the main verb to complete its meaning. They also add detail or show the state of being of the noun. Helping verbs are also called auxiliary verbs. Examples: a) We were going to the park. b) There is a forest here. Underline the main verbs and circle the helping verbs in the sentences given below. •  Do you know my name? •  She is doing her best. •  Ravi and Sam are best friends. •  I am making eggs for dinner. Modal verbs (ability and permission) Read the following sentences: May I use your phone, Could my sister come along I can swim for an hour, but please? too? my brother cannot. Module 7 5 NR_BGM_9789387888043_Summit G4 English Grammar Composition Part 2_Text.pdf 9 6/30/2018 11:31:09 AM

Observe the use of ‘may’, ‘could’, ‘can’ and ‘cannot’ in these sentences. They are used by speakers to seek permission or to show ability. The word ‘cannot’ shows a lack of ability to do something. These words are called modal verbs. What are modal verbs? Modal verbs, or helping verbs, give additional information about the main verbs that follow them. Let us learn about the modal verbs of ability and for permission. Modal verbs of ability Positive Negative Question Can (ability in I can play the guitar Reema cannot play table Can you speak the present) very well. tennis. Spanish? Megha could not write Could (ability in Gina could walk when until she was seven. Could you read or the past) she was just eleven write before you months old. were six? Modal verbs for permission (more formal) Asking for permission Giving permission Saying someone has permission May May I borrow your You may borrow book? my book. Students may borrow Could an extra book from the Might (extremely library tomorrow. formal) Could I take a leave – – tomorrow? M ight I give an idea? – – Modal verbs for permission (less formal) Saying someone has Asking for permission Giving permission permission Can Can I watch the play You can watch the You can use the spare pencils kept in the tonight? play. box. 6 6/30/2018 11:31:09 AM NR_BGM_9789387888043_Summit G4 English Grammar Composition Part 2_Text.pdf 10

Note: To use a modal verb in its negative form, add ‘not’ between the modal verb and the main verb. Examples: •   You may not leave early today. •   She cannot ride a bicycle. Exercise 4.1: Choose the correct modal verbs for the given sentences. One is done for you. 1) I cannot pick up this 2) ______________________ I ask a 3) W hen I was a child, I box; it is very heavy. question, please? ______________________ do (less formal) a headstand. a) cannot a) Could b) may not b) Can a) can c) might not c) May b) could c) may 4) ______________________ 5) H e ______________________ 6) You ______________________ I leave early? (extremely speak fluently in English when go home if you like. (less formal) he came here two years ago. formal) a) Can b) Might a) cannot a) can c) Could b) could not b) might c) may not c) may NR_BGM_9789387888043_Summit G4 English Grammar Composition Part 2_Text.pdf 11 Module 7 7 6/30/2018 11:31:09 AM

Subject-verb agreement A sentence is made up of three parts. Sentence Subject Verb Object It is what or whom the It is the activity or action It is the bearer of the sentence is about; it is of the subject. action; it is the somebody who does the thing or the person who action. is acted upon. Now, read the following sentences. •  He cook dinner for his family. •  The girls walks to college every day. •  Your sister talk a lot for her age.  •  The children swims well. You will notice that all these sentences seem unclear. They just do not sound correct! Identify the subjects and the verbs in these sentences. You will find that they do not go together. Remember ► In a correct and meaningful sentence, the subject should be in line with its verb. This means that the subject and verb should agree. ► This is known as subject-verb agreement. Rules of subject-verb agreement Rule 1: A singular subject takes a singular verb, while a plural subject takes a plural verb. Examples: •  The boy throws a ball. 8 6/30/2018 11:31:09 AM NR_BGM_9789387888043_Summit G4 English Grammar Composition Part 2_Text.pdf 12

Rule 2: Two singular subjects connected by ‘or’, ‘either... or’ and ‘neither... nor’ require a • singulTahrevbeorby.s throw a green ball. InHootwheervwero,ridf os,nteheosfuthbejetcwt oansudbtjheectvseisrbplmuruasltaangdreisecilnosneurmtobtehre. main verb than the singular subject, then the verb will be plural. Examples: •  My uncle or aunt is arriving today. •  Neither Mary nor her children want to come to the park. •  Either my brother or sister has made the bed. Rule 3: Use a plural verb with two or more subjects connected by ‘and’. Examples: •  Kabir and Suman are friends. •  Meher and Mihir go to school together. Remember ► We add ‘-s’ to make nouns plural and remove the ‘-s’ to make them singular. However, with verbs, we need to add ‘-s’ to make them singular and remove the ‘-s’ to make them plural. ► Use the helping verbs ‘is’, ‘does’ and ‘has’ with singular nouns. ► Use the helping verbs ‘are’, ‘do’ and ‘have’ with plural nouns. NR_BGM_9789387888043_Summit G4 English Grammar Composition Part 2_Text.pdf 13 Module 7 9 6/30/2018 11:31:09 AM

Let us now correct the sentences we read earlier.  H e cook dinner for his  H e cooks dinner for his family. family. ‘He’ is a singular subject, so the singular verb ‘cooks’ should be  Your sister talk a lot for used. her age.  Y our sister talks a lot for her age.  T he girls walks to college every day. A gain, ‘sister’ is a singular subject that takes the singular verb ‘talks’.  T he girls walk to college every day.  T he girl walks to college every day. ‘Girls’ is a plural subject, while ‘walks’ is a singular verb. To correct the sentence, we should use ‘walk’, which is a plural verb, or ‘girl’, which is a singular subject.  T he children swims well.  T he children swim well.  T he child swims well. ‘Children’ is a plural subject, so we should use 'swim', which is the plural form of the singular verb ‘swims’. We can also use the singular subject ‘child’ instead. Exercise 4.2: Choose the correct forms of the verbs from the given options and fill in the blanks. One is done for you. 1) My friend talks a lot. (talk/talks) 2) The old woman and old man ___________________________ (looks/look) healthy. 3) Either the girl or the boy ___________________________ (rides/ride) this cycle. 4) My neighbour ___________________________ (drives/drive) a taxi. 5) The athletes ___________________________ (runs/run) five kilometres a day. 6) Neither my mother nor father ___________________________ (have come / has come) home yet. 10 NR_BGM_9789387888043_Summit G4 English Grammar Composition Part 2_Text.pdf 14 6/30/2018 11:31:09 AM

Exercise 4.3: Rewrite the sentences so that the subjects and verbs agree. One is done for you. 1) The wheels of the bus goes round and round. Ans. The wheels of the bus go round and round. 2) The dog and the cat eats a lot of food. Ans.   3) The elephants or monkeys will takes the bananas. Ans.   4) I likes drawing. Ans.   5) Neither Suresh nor Maria like to sing. Ans.   6) A bag and a book was lying on the floor. Ans.   NR_BGM_9789387888043_Summit G4 English Grammar Composition Part 2_Text.pdf 15 Module 7 11 6/30/2018 11:31:09 AM

Writing Formal Writing Editing exercise Exercise 5: The passage given below has spelling, punctuation and grammatical errors. Rewrite the passage in the space provided after correcting the errors. Last night! I looked up at the dark blew sky. I knew I wood sea stars, but I is Surprised by there brightness. There where so many stars!! I know they were made millions of ears ago bcos I has read about them in books from the librerry. I stood there and watched them for a hour. Then my brother satish called me we went to eat dinner.  12 6/30/2018 11:31:10 AM NR_BGM_9789387888043_Summit G4 English Grammar Composition Part 2_Text.pdf 16

Now, draw a picture to show what is happening in the passage. NR_BGM_9789387888043_Summit G4 English Grammar Composition Part 2_Text.pdf 17 Module 7 13 6/30/2018 11:31:10 AM

Creative Writing Story writing Exercise 6: The beginning, middle and end of a story are given. Complete the story in your own words. Ananya had been playing in her garden when she saw a strange sight. A small, saucer- shaped, flying object appeared and landed in front of her. A door slid open, and a ladder came out. She saw tiny, strange-looking men climb down.   6/30/2018 11:31:10 AM 14 NR_BGM_9789387888043_Summit G4 English Grammar Composition Part 2_Text.pdf 18

Ananya came out, and in a second, the saucer disappeared. ‘Did this really happen, or was this a dream?’ she wondered. NR_BGM_9789387888043_Summit G4 English Grammar Composition Part 2_Text.pdf 19 Module 7 15 6/30/2018 11:31:10 AM

Module 8 Section Name What I Will Learn Dictation Sentence dictation Listening Audio Listen and answer Vocabulary Words related to art Grammar Tenses Formal Writing Paragraph writing Creative Writing Photo description Reading Passage 1 Comprehension Passage 2 16 6/30/2018 11:31:10 AM NR_BGM_9789387888043_Summit G4 English Grammar Composition Part 2_Text.pdf 20

Dictation Exercise 1: Sentence dictation 1) ____________________________________________________________________________________ 2) ____________________________________________________________________________________ 3) ____________________________________________________________________________________ 4) ____________________________________________________________________________________ 5) ____________________________________________________________________________________ Listening Audio Exercise 2: Listen to the audio and answer the questions. 1) Where does the owner of the woods live? Ans. ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 2) Why would the little horse think that there was some mistake? Ans. ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 3) What does the poet say about the woods? Ans. ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 4) What was special about that evening? Ans. ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ Module 8 17 NR_BGM_9789387888043_Summit G4 English Grammar Composition Part 2_Text.pdf 21 6/30/2018 11:31:10 AM

5) Write the line that is repeated in the poem. Ans. ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ PR Vocabulary Q Words related to art Exercise 3.1: Solve this crossword puzzle about different forms of art. Use the clues given under the puzzle. 12 3 4 5 Across – _____ u _____ _____ c 1) nice to listen to – p h _____ t _____ _____ r a _____ h y 5) done with a camera 18 NR_BGM_9789387888043_Summit G4 English Grammar Composition Part 2_Text.pdf 22 6/30/2018 11:31:10 AM

Down – s _____ e t _____ _____ 2) made with a pencil – s _____ _____ g _____ 3) can be sung – _____ a n _____ _____ 4) performed alone or in a group – _____ a i _____ _____ ______ n g 5) done with paints during free time Exercise 3.2: Find the names of six Indian dance forms in the word search below. Use the pictures as hints. K AMK UCH I P U D I V R C bhangra A X A P A P DQX F NAV P N kathakali T P Y X X UQX Z QH YMU S H I T H T D T CH T U KG I P kathak A F AA E V I RCR U I L I L K N NWN B V K DCMA H A D GX AQ L F Q T H B K J F A P D J T R N X N I CA A K K OQ V F AOA S P NH VN L S GN V R R MM U R T G B L Q Y K I L E A Z D I AMAN I P U R I CXH I X K S X E F S NNA Z UWB R E H J J KOHC L D Y HOQ Z P OCN I M P I E A X B HANGR AV Z T G E Y F A manipuri kuchipudi bharatanatyam Module 8 NR_BGM_9789387888043_Summit G4 English Grammar Composition Part 2_Text.pdf 23 19 6/30/2018 11:31:10 AM

Grammar Tenses Simple present, simple past and simple future tenses Meet Siya and read her story. Hi! I am Siya. I live in Chennai, and I study in Class 4. I love to read, swim and travel. We travelled to Bengaluru last month. I went with my parents and my younger brother. Bengaluru is a beautiful city. For our stay, we visited many historical places and gardens. For our next vacation, we will visit Delhi. My grandparents live in Delhi. Together, we will travel to Mathura. Isn’t that exciting? Notice that Siya is talking about actions that happen every day or are generally true, actions that have taken place earlier (in the past) and actions that will take place later (in the future). Just like Siya, when we communicate, we refer to the present time, the time in the past and the time in the future. In other words, we use tenses. Tenses Present tense Past tense Future tense  I live in Chennai.  We travelled to Bengaluru.  We will visit Delhi. 20 6/30/2018 11:31:10 AM NR_BGM_9789387888043_Summit G4 English Grammar Composition Part 2_Text.pdf 24

Let us revise the simple present, simple past and simple future tenses. Simple present Simple past Simple future  subject + base verb  subject + past tense form  subject + will/shall + (‘-s’/‘-es’) + object of verb + object base verb + object  The verbs in this tense  The verbs in this tense  The verbs in this tense show habits and ideas refer to actions that have refer to actions that will that apply in general or already happened. happen in the future. as a rule. (goes, plays, sings, (‘went’, ‘played’, ‘sang’, (‘will go’, ‘will play’, ‘will dances) ‘danced’) sing’, ‘will dance’) Examples: Examples: Examples: •  I play with my friends •  I played with my friends •  I will play with my friends every day. at school yesterday. at school tomorrow. •  Rita goes to tennis •  Rita went to tennis •  Rita will go to tennis practice daily. practice at 4:00 p.m. practice at 4:00 p.m. •  The Sun rises in the east. Let us look at more sentences in the three tenses. Simple present Simple past Simple future We go for a walk every We went for a walk last We will go for a walk every morning. morning. morning. You eat dosas for breakfast You ate dosas for breakfast You will eat dosas for every day. yesterday. breakfast on Thursday. He will watch a movie on He watches a movie every He watched a movie last night. night. Friday. They go on a family picnic They went on a family picnic They will go on a family every year. last week. picnic tomorrow. Module 8 21 NR_BGM_9789387888043_Summit G4 English Grammar Composition Part 2_Text.pdf 25 6/30/2018 11:31:10 AM

Present continuous tense The present continuous tense is used to describe actions that are taking place now. How should we form sentences in the present continuous tense? Children are playing in the garden. subject is/am/are object ‘-ing’ form of verb Past continuous tense The past continuous tense is used to refer to actions that were going on at a particular time in the past. These actions were in progress in the past. How should we form sentences in the past continuous tense? Children were playing in the garden. subject was/were object ‘-ing’ form of verb Exercise 4.1: Convert the tenses of the sentences according to the instructions in brackets. One is done for you. 1) Rishav is happy to be home. (Change this to the simple future tense.) Ans. Rishav will be happy to be home. 22 6/30/2018 11:31:10 AM NR_BGM_9789387888043_Summit G4 English Grammar Composition Part 2_Text.pdf 26

2) Seema rode to school on her bicycle. (Change this to the simple present tense.) Ans. _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ 3) My best friend will come to school. (Change this to the present continuous tense.) Ans. _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ 4) Gita and Rita play in the park. (Change this to the simple past tense.) Ans. _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ 5) The dog barked at the stranger. (Change this to the past continuous tense.) Ans. _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ 6) I visit my cousins at their homes. (Change this to the simple future tense.) Ans. _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ Present perfect tense Afreen has finished her painting. I have seen the movie. You have passed your exam. These sentences describe actions that have just finished in the present. Such actions are written in the present perfect tense. Module 8 23 NR_BGM_9789387888043_Summit G4 English Grammar Composition Part 2_Text.pdf 27 6/30/2018 11:31:10 AM

► The present perfect tense links the present and the past. ► It reports news or describes ► It also talks about actions or completed actions (past) that are situations that have started in the important now. past and continue in the present. Example: Example: � I have passed the exam. � He went to India in 2012. He has lived there ever since.  UasUn‘eswde‘ehs‘’hia,na‘sgt’vhuweela’iytrw’hnait‘ohnhude‘nI’’p,,s.l‘‘usyhroaeul ’’n,,o‘iut’ns. A sentence in the present perfect tense looks like this: subject + have/has + past participle form + object of verb Kavya + has + completed + the project. Here is a list of the past participle forms of some common verbs. Base verb Past tense form Past participle form be was, were been beat (is, am, are) beaten beat 24 6/30/2018 11:31:10 AM NR_BGM_9789387888043_Summit G4 English Grammar Composition Part 2_Text.pdf 28

Base verb Past tense form Past participle form begin began begun sing sang sung break broke broken bite bit bitten blow blew blown choose chose chosen come came come dive dove dived go went gone eat ate eaten draw drew drawn do did done fall fell fallen freeze froze frozen give gave given grow grew grown see saw seen NR_BGM_9789387888043_Summit G4 English Grammar Composition Part 2_Text.pdf 29 Module 8 25 6/30/2018 11:31:10 AM

Base verb Past tense form Past participle form lay laid laid spend spent spent bend bent bent Exercise 4.2: Fill in the blanks with the present perfect forms of the verbs. One is done for you. 1) I have read (read) the newspaper today. 2) She ____________________________________ (be) nervous all day. 3) They ____________________________________ (see) this play before. 4) Josh ____________________________________ (call) them three times today. 5) We ____________________________________ (spend) all our money. 6) I ______________________ just ____________________ (eat) my dinner. Exercise 4.3: Answer the following questions about yourself in the present perfect tense. One is done for you. 1) Have you ever seen a ghost? Ans. I have never seen a ghost. 2) What languages have you studied? Ans.   3) Which cities or states have you travelled to in India? Ans.   26 6/30/2018 11:31:10 AM NR_BGM_9789387888043_Summit G4 English Grammar Composition Part 2_Text.pdf 30

4) How many friends have you met today? Ans.   5) What is the best food item that you have eaten today? Ans.   6) Where have you lived for the last two years? Ans.   Writing Formal Writing Narrative paragraph writing Exercise 5: Imagine that you heard some noise in the kitchen at night. You got up from your bed and walked towards the kitchen. What happened next? Write a paragraph narrating the incident using the given hints. Hints: •  What did you think the noise was? •  How did you feel as you walked towards the kitchen? •  What did you see? •  What did you do and how did you feel when you found out what had made the noise?  Module 8 27 NR_BGM_9789387888043_Summit G4 English Grammar Composition Part 2_Text.pdf 31 6/30/2018 11:31:10 AM

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Creative Writing Photo description Exercise 6: Look at the given photograph. Describe what you see in it. Describe the surroundings and mood of the children. Hints: •  Who do you see in the photo? •  What are they doing? •  Do they look happy or sad? •  What do their surroundings look like? There are two ____________________________ and an ____________________________ in the picture. One boy is ________________________________________________________________________ Module 8 29 NR_BGM_9789387888043_Summit G4 English Grammar Composition Part 2_Text.pdf 33 6/30/2018 11:31:10 AM

_____________________. The other boy _______________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________. They are __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________. The boys look _____________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________. They are in _______________________________________________________________________________. The jungle is _______________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________. The ground is _____________________________________________________________________________. There are _________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________. The photograph looks _____________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________. 30 6/30/2018 11:31:10 AM NR_BGM_9789387888043_Summit G4 English Grammar Composition Part 2_Text.pdf 34

R4 Reading Comprehension Passage 1 Read the passage and answer the questions given below. Last Sunday, little Phulmani went to watch a jatra with her parents. She was thrilled to watch it. The next day, when she narrated the story of the performance to the class, her teacher said that jatra is actually a kind of folk theatre. This kind of theatre is performed under different names in different parts of our country. It is called ‘tamasha’ in Maharashtra, ‘nautanki’ in northern India and ‘jatra’ in Bengal. Most of these folk theatre forms are based on mythological incidents or characters. India also has a rich heritage of classical dance forms, and each deals with a mythological narrative. The dancers wear colourful costumes and dance in harmony with music. Kathak is a dance of northern India, while Bharatanatyam, Mohiniattyam, Kuchipudi and Kathakali are all from southern India. Manipuri and Odissi are dance forms of eastern India. Such a wide variety of dance forms cannot be found anywhere else in the world. 31 NR_BGM_9789387888043_Summit G4 English Grammar Composition Part 2_Text.pdf 35 6/30/2018 11:31:10 AM

Phulmani came to know that Indian kings and rulers patronised classical music and dance in their courts. Emperor Akbar loved to listen to the songs of Tansen. Our country is so big that we have many different styles of classical music like Hindustani and Carnatic. Each of these styles began in temples and developed down the ages. 1) What did the teacher say a ‘jatra’ was? Ans. 2) Whose songs did Emperor Akbar like to listen to? Ans. 3) Rewrite the sentences by correcting the spelling and punctuation errors. a) i am very found of signing and dancing. Ans. b) My favorite dance is kathak I like bharatanatyam to. Ans. c) I want to partisipate in a dance compitition next ear, Ans. 4) T he word from the passage that means ‘relating to or based on folk tales and myths’ is . 32 6/30/2018 11:31:10 AM NR_BGM_9789387888043_Summit G4 English Grammar Composition Part 2_Text.pdf 36

5) Match the words with their correct meanings. Column A Column B 1) character a) supported or sponsored 2) heritage b) a role in a play 3) patronised c) c ultural traditions that are passed down through generations Passage 2 Read the passage and answer the questions given below. Little Meera was a disobedient child. Despite being only eight years old, she pretended to be a grown-up. She would hardly listen to her parents or her elder sister Keira, who was twelve. Her parents and teachers were tired of trying to correct her. Her mother kept complaining to her father about her. ‘What a disobedient girl! She asks me, “What’s the use of sending me to school when I can figure out everything on the internet?”’ exclaimed Mrs Thomas to her husband. Reading Comprehension 33 NR_BGM_9789387888043_Summit G4 English Grammar Composition Part 2_Text.pdf 37 6/30/2018 11:31:10 AM

‘Give that tiny one some time. She is only eight and doesn’t know how tough life can get.’ In the evening, while Meera was watching how to make a grilled-chicken sandwich on the internet, she requested her mom to make one for her. ‘What’s the use of making a sandwich, Meera? You can just grab a bite from the internet!’ ‘Mom! How can I do that? It’s a screen. I will hurt my teeth instead.’ ‘Exactly! The internet can help you see and hear but not taste, touch or feel. You can learn a lot from it, but you can’t taste a sandwich or get the feel of a classroom from the other side of the screen. I hope you understand the difference between the real world and the world of computers.’ ‘Yes, Mom! Now can we please have some sandwiches?’ The happy family of four had a delicious snack of some grilled-chicken sandwiches. As the parents sipped their tea, Meera settled down at her study table and completed her homework happily. What more could her parents ask for? 1) What kind of a child was little Meera? Ans.   2) What did Meera’s mother want her to understand? Ans.   3) Write the genders (masculine/feminine/neuter/common) of the following nouns. a) Keira –  b) teacher –  c) sandwich –  34 6/30/2018 11:31:10 AM NR_BGM_9789387888043_Summit G4 English Grammar Composition Part 2_Text.pdf 38

4) The anagram of ‘brag’ from the passage is  . (Hint: Anagrams are words formed by rearranging the letters of other words.) 5) Match the words with their correct meanings. Column A Column B 1) disobedient a) cooked lightly on a grill 2) exclaimed b) unwilling to obey 3) grilled c) spoke with strong emotion NR_BGM_9789387888043_Summit G4 English Grammar Composition Part 2_Text.pdf 39 Reading Comprehension 35 6/30/2018 11:31:10 AM

Module 9 Section Name What I Will Learn Dictation Word dictation Listening Audio Listen and answer Vocabulary Use of ‘they’re’, ‘their’ and ‘there’ Grammar Adverbs of degree and place Formal Writing E-mail writing Creative Writing Photo-based character sketch 36 6/30/2018 11:31:10 AM NR_BGM_9789387888043_Summit G4 English Grammar Composition Part 2_Text.pdf 40

Dictation 3) 6) Exercise 1: Word dictation 9) 1) 2) 4) 5) 7) 8) Listening Audio Exercise 2: Listen to the audio and choose the correct answers. [    ] 1) How many islands together make the Lakshadweep islands?  a) 36 b) 34 c) 24 d) 28 2) How many among these islands are populated?  [    ] a) 10 b) 32 c) 15 d) 25 3) What was Lakshadweep formerly called?  [    ] a) Minicoy b) Seychelles c) Laccadives d) Lakh Deeps 4) Which is the biggest of all the Lakshadweep islands?  [    ] a) Port Blair b) Kavaratti c) Minicoy d) Mahim 5) Which of the following languages is mentioned in the passage you heard?  [    ] a) English b) Malayalam c) Hindi d) Muslim NR_BGM_9789387888043_Summit G4 English Grammar Composition Part 2_Text.pdf 41 Module 9 37 6/30/2018 11:31:10 AM

PR Vocabulary Q Use of ‘they’re’, ‘their’ and ‘there’ ‘They’re’ is the contracted form for ‘they are’. Examples: •  They’re happy to be home. •  They’re going to play football. The word ‘their’ is used to mean ‘belonging to’. Examples: •  T heir bus stopped moving after crossing the temple (the bus that belonged to them). •  R icha and Shweta love gardening. I want to visit their garden (the garden that belongs to them). ‘There’ shows a particular position or place. Examples: •  Let us go there and have some ice cream. •  There are four mangoes in the bag. Look at the table below for more examples of ‘they’re’, ‘their’ and ‘there’. they’re their there I like to eat bananas only They went to visit their father. Please put your sweater when they’re soft. there. Their house is almost one They’re going to play near hundred years old. Have you been there? the sea. We are looking for their lost There is no water left in the They’re not as bad as you cat. bucket. think. By tomorrow, their work will What did she see over there? I think they’re going to come be done. home soon. 38 6/30/2018 11:31:10 AM NR_BGM_9789387888043_Summit G4 English Grammar Composition Part 2_Text.pdf 42

Exercise 3.1: Fill in the blanks correctly with ‘they’re’, ‘their’ or ‘there’. One is done for you. 1) There is a big lion in the zoo. It looks fierce. 2) It was _____________________ idea to go to the fair. 3) _____________________ very angry with you for breaking the glass. 4) I think _____________________ both very excited about the match. 5) Akram’s favourite restaurant is the Punjabi Dhaba. He is fond of _____________________ chicken tikka masala. 6) Once upon a time, _____________________ lived a greedy man named Harish. Exercise 3.2: Read the following passage from a magazine. Correct the usage of ‘they’re’, ‘their’ and ‘there’ wherever required and rewrite it below. They’re is something new happening with dhabas. They used to serve rather ordinary food. But now, their bringing they’re food to the streets to get closer to the customers. Each week, their is an event in a park to give samples of such food. Families from the surrounding neighbourhoods go they’re for an evening of fun and food. They have a good time they’re. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ Module 9 39 NR_BGM_9789387888043_Summit G4 English Grammar Composition Part 2_Text.pdf 43 6/30/2018 11:31:10 AM

Grammar Adverbs Underline the adverbs of manner in the following sentences. 1) They were talking loudly. 2) He humbly refused the gift. 3) She performed well in the exam. 4) Smita got into bed slowly. Remember ► Adverbs describe or say more about verbs and adjectives. ► Adverbs that show the way or manner in which actions are done are called adverbs of manner. ► Adverbs of manner answer the question ‘how?’. Example: •  Ravi spoke softly. softly     How did Ravi speak?    So, ‘softly’ is the adverb of manner. ► Most adverbs are formed by adding ‘-ly’ to the ends of adjectives. Examples: •  quick –   quickly •  beautiful –   beautifully 40 NR_BGM_9789387888043_Summit G4 English Grammar Composition Part 2_Text.pdf 44 6/30/2018 11:31:11 AM

Now, let us learn about two new kinds of adverbs. Adverbs of degree Adverbs of degree tell us about the degree or intensity of an action. Adverbs of degree answer the question ‘to what extent?’. How difficult is Mathematics? It’s extremely easy. Here, the word ‘extremely’ is the adverb of degree. It shows the degree of difficulty of Mathematics. Here are a few more examples of adverbs of degree. to a •  Be careful. You almost fell from the tree. considerable extent ‘Almost’ answers the question ‘to what extent?’. So, it is an adverb of degree. •  It is too cold to go out. to a very large extent ‘Too’ describes the intensity of the cold weather. Hence, it is an adverb of degree. NR_BGM_9789387888043_Summit G4 English Grammar Composition Part 2_Text.pdf 45 Module 9 41 6/30/2018 11:31:11 AM

The following table gives the most commonly used adverbs of degree. almost nearly hardly very completely extremely too enough quite just Remember ► Sometimes, adverbs also describe other adverbs. Examples: •  She runs very fast.   •  I finished my work quite quickly. adverb of adverb of adverb of adverb of degree manner degree manner Adverbs of place An adverb of place tells us about the place where an action is carried out or happens. Adverbs of place answer the question ‘where?’. Let us go there. Notice that the word ‘there’ answers the question ‘where?’ and tells us about the location of the movement. So, it is an adverb of place. 42 NR_BGM_9789387888043_Summit G4 English Grammar Composition Part 2_Text.pdf 46 6/30/2018 11:31:11 AM

Here are two more examples of adverbs of place. where? • She went up. – up – around • Amalu looked around, but he couldn’t see anyone. The words ‘up’ and ‘around’ tell us more about the location of the action or movement. So, they are adverbs of place. The following table gives the most commonly used adverbs of place. up down around inside outside away nearby here there Exercise 4.1: Underline the adverb in each sentence. Write the verb or adjective it describes in each of the sentences. One is done for you. Sentence Verb/Adjective 1) She lives here. lives – verb 2) The ice cream was deliciously sweet. 3) Shreya ate her dinner hungrily. 4) It was cloudy outside. 5) Vandana’s dress is quite pretty. 6) Heena nearly won the race. NR_BGM_9789387888043_Summit G4 English Grammar Composition Part 2_Text.pdf 47 Module 9 43 6/30/2018 11:31:11 AM

Exercise 4.2: Fill in the blanks with adverbs of degree and place from the box below. One is done for you. completely   inside   everywhere   really   nearby   very 1) This food is really delicious. 2) The ice cream shop is _____________________________. 3) We looked for the dog _____________________________. 4) He is _____________________________ tired. He cannot walk all the way home. 5) The house was deep _____________________________ the forest. 6) I was _____________________________ drenched in the heavy rain. 44 6/30/2018 11:31:11 AM NR_BGM_9789387888043_Summit G4 English Grammar Composition Part 2_Text.pdf 48

Exercise 4.3: Fill in the blanks with the correct adverbs of manner, place and degree from the box. One is done for you.  around   deeply   bravely   extremely   nearby   completely The warrior fought bravely with her bow and arrows. She went _________________________ the battlefield and fought against all her enemies. She was ________________________ engaged in battle and could defeat anyone. The warrior was _________________________ good at archery. A few villagers lived _________________________. They were _________________________ engrossed watching the warrior fight. NR_BGM_9789387888043_Summit G4 English Grammar Composition Part 2_Text.pdf 49 Module 9 45 6/30/2018 11:31:11 AM

Writing Formal Writing E-mail writing Read the sample e-mail given below to understand the various elements of an e-mail. To [email protected] Subject The e-mail id or address A one-line gist of of the person or persons [email protected] the contents of whom you are sending the e-mail. the e-mail to. Request for leave Greeting and Body Hi Sir, sign-off The body expresses Greet the person the main idea of your My name is Naitik Shah, and I study in Class 4. I am addressed with e-mail. An informal or writing to request you to grant me a leave of three words like ‘Hi’ or friendly e-mail does days. ‘Dear’. not need to have an I need to attend the 2019 Science Olympiad to be  introduction, body or held in Delhi. I would require two days to travel  Sign off with a conclusion. The ideas back and forth. I promise to catch up on all the  parting line and can flow as you want school work once I return. your name. them to. I hope you can grant me the leave. Tools In an official e-mail, we Regards, You can edit must include a short Naitik Shah and style your introductory paragraph, e-mail with the and then write the help of these. main information in the You can also second paragraph. send your e-mails by clicking on the blue ‘Send’ button on the left. 46 6/30/2018 11:31:11 AM NR_BGM_9789387888043_Summit G4 English Grammar Composition Part 2_Text.pdf 50