MPL_G4_English_WB AK_All Terms

Exercise 1.2: Listen and answer b) the doctor [c] d) the compounder [a] 1) Who signs in the visitors at the hospital? a) the nurse [c] c) the receptionist [a] 2) Why are cooks important in a hospital? [b] a) Patients have to follow diets. b) Many people visit the hospital. c) Cooks can make tasty food. d) Hospitals can earn money through the food served. 3) What is a cafeteria? a) an operation theatre b) a lab c) a place for all the workers of the hospital to eat d) a place where only doctors eat 4) Why do doctors have to keep learning? b) as they keep forgetting a) as medical science keeps changing d) to experiment on patients c) to try new techniques Page 109 5) Choose a suitable title for the passage that you listened to. a) Nurses b) Jobs at the Hospital c) Receptionists d) Doctors RP Vocabulary Q Idioms An idiom is a combination of words that has a different meaning than the actual meaning of the words. Example: Sameera got cold feet before her stage performance. Here, the phrase ‘cold feet’ does not mean that her feet actually became cold. It means that Sameera became 'nervous' or 'scared' before her stage performance. 18

Exercise 2.1: Choose the correct idiom from the box that matches each description. One is done for you. icing on the cake to cry over spilt milk once in a blue moon don’t judge a book by its cover cost an arm and a leg every cloud has a silver lining Page 110 1) to complain about what is already lost Ans. to cry over spilt milk 2) bad times followed by good times Ans. _e_v_e_r_y_c__lo_u__d__h_a_s__a_s_i_lv_e_r__lin__in_g_________________________________________________________ 3) something that happens very rarely Ans. _o_n_c_e__i_n_a__b__lu_e__m__o_o__n________________________________________________________________ 4) something great added to something good Ans. _ic_i_n_g__o_n__t_h_e__c_a_k_e____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 5) to not judge by appearances Ans. _d_o_n_'_t_ju__d_g_e__a__b__o_o_k__b_y__it_s_c_o__v_e_r______________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 6) something that is very expensive Ans. _c_o_s_t_a__n_a__rm___a_n_d__a__l_e_g_______________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ Module 11 19

Page 111 Exercise 2.2: Make sentences of your own with the given idioms. One is done for you. 1) down to earth Ans. Arjav is a star athlete, but he is also very down to earth. He helps out at the old age home each morning. 2) under the weather Ans. M__a__y_a__is_f_e_e__lin__g__u_n_d_e__r _th__e__w_e__a_t_h_e_r_b__e_c_a__u_s_e_s_h_e__p__la_y_e__d__in_____ t_h_e__r_a_i_n_y_e__s_te__rd_a__y_.__________________________________________ 3) early bird Ans. The theatre was full. Only those who were early birds got the good seats. 4) piece of cake Ans. The book had difficult words but reading it was a piece of cake for Danny. 5) learn by heart Ans. I must learn this poem by heart for the competition tomorrow. 6) raining cats and dogs Ans. The football match was cancelled because it was raining cats and dogs. (Accept all valid responses.) 20

Page 112 Grammar Conjunctions You have learnt about coordinating conjunctions in Class 3. Read the given sentences. Circle the coordinating conjunctions and write which words, phrases or sentences they join. One is done for you. 1) Do you want to eat the bread with jam or butter? Ans. jam, butter 2) Maria went to the market, but she did not buy anything. Ans. Maria went to the market. She did not buy anything. 3) I am late, for it is raining. Ans. I am late. It is raining. 4) I don’t usually wake up at 6:00 a.m., nor do I sleep before 10:00 p.m. Ans. I don't usually wake up at 6:00 a.m. I also do not sleep before 10:00 p.m. 5) I will go home and finish my homework. Ans. I will go home. I will finish my homework. 6) They drove carefully, yet they had an accident. Ans. They drove carefully. They had an accident. 7) The weather is bad, so it is better to stay indoors. Ans. The weather is bad. It is better to stay indoors. Module 11 21

Types of conjunctions There are three types of conjunctions. Conjunctions Coordinating Correlative Subordinating conjunctions conjunctions conjunctions Page 113 Remember ‡ Conjunctions are words that join words or parts of sentences together. ‡ 7 KHFRQMXQFWLRQV\\RXKDYHOHDUQWLQ&ODVV¶IRU·¶DQG·¶QRU·¶EXW·¶RU·¶\\HW·DQG¶VR· are coordinating conjunctions. They connect two similar parts of a sentence together. They also connect two independent but similar sentences. ‡ 5HPHPEHUWKHWHUPFANBOYS to recall the coordinating conjunctions. Exercise 3.1: Fill in the blanks with the correct coordinating conjunctions from the given words. One is done for you. for and yet so but or 1) The room was messy, so we cleaned it. 2) Her two favourite sports are cricket _______a__n_d________ kabaddi. 22

3) The test is tomorrow, ________y_e_t________ Rina has not begun studying. 4) Which of the two ice creams do you want—chocolate __________o_r_______ vanilla? 5) He was happy, ________f_o_r________ he had won the cycling race. 6) Rajesh knows how to swim _______b__u_t________ his brother does not. Let us learn about the second type of conjunction: correlative conjunctions. Correlative conjunctions Meher is hungry at night. Her mother asks her what she wants to eat. Meher says that she wants neither vegetables nor fruits to eat. She says she wants either a burger or fried chicken. She also wants sweets. Her mother tells her that having junk food and too many sweets is not good. They not only lead to high cholesterol but are also bad for Meher’s teeth. Page 114 Observe the word pairs ‘neither… nor’, ‘either… or’ and ‘not only… but also’ in the previous paragraph. These word pairs are called correlative conjunctions. Correlative conjunctions work in pairs to join phrases or words that carry equal importance within a sentence. neMitehheernrvower gafreuntittass.bles Examples: Here, the words ‘neither’ and ‘nor’ show that Meher gives equal importance to both vegetables and fruits. She does not want either of them. Shaebwuargcnehtsirceokirethfnrei.erd Here, Meher gives equal importance to both a burger and fried chicken by saying that she would like to eat either of the two. Module 11 23

Thtboeuyht inMagorheethcoaehnlsrol’oysleltbesetaaeeddrtohfl.or Here, Meher’s mother gives equal importance to both the reasons for avoiding junk food. Exercise 3.2: Read the sentences and colour the correct correlative conjunctions to be used. One is done for you. 1) He is __________ polite __________ kind. That is why I dislike him. neither – nor either – or not only – but also 2) This dish is __________ delicious __________ healthy. I like eating it. neither – nor either – or nnoott oonnllyy –– bbuutt aallssoo Page 115 3) __________ my mother __________ my father will pick me up from school. Only one of them will be free at that time. Neither – nor Either – or Not only – but also 4) __________ Saira __________ Sohan will win the race, as they are the fastest runners. Neither – nor Either – or Not only – but also 5) __________ the car __________ the van is big enough for fifteen people. We need a bus. Neither – nor Either – or Not only – but also 6) Neha __________ finished her homework __________ helped her brother to complete his. Hence, they could both get their homework done on time. neither – nor either – or nnoott oonnllyy –– bbuutt aallssoo 24

Page 116 Exercise 3.3: Complete the passage with the correct coordinating and correlative conjunctions. One is done for you. Suzy was sad. Neither her friends nor her mother remembered her birthday. She was shocked that everybody had forgotten. The year before, her mother had _________n_o__t_o_n_l_y__________ baked her a cake _________b__u_t_a__ls_o__________ gifted her a new bicycle. Her friends Anne ____________a_n__d___________ Joy were always the first to wish her, but this year, __________n_e__it_h_e_r__________ Anne ____________n_o_r____________ Joy even visited her. This made Suzy very sad. As Suzy was lying on her bed and sulking, her mother suddenly entered her room. She had a brightly wrapped present with her. Suzy’s best friends were there too. Everyone had planned a surprise birthday party for Suzy! Suzy took the present and began guessing what it could be. It was __________e__it_h_e_r___________ a new board game ___________o__r_____________ her favourite book. Suzy hugged her mother and friends. She was not sad __________o__r/_a__n_d__________ gloomy anymore. In fact, she was very happy and excited! Exercise 3.4: Observe the given pictures. Form sentences based on the pictures by using the conjunctions given next to them. One is done for you. 1) + not only... but also thunder lightning Ans. There was not only thunder but also lightning. 2) + so hot sweating Ans. It was hot, so I was sweating. Module 11 25

3) + either... or dress skirt Ans. You can either wear the dress or the skirt. 4) + neither... nor draw paint Ans. I can neither draw nor paint Page 117 5) + yet ran fast came last Ans. Kriti ran fast, yet she came last. 6) + not only... but also brush take a bath Ans. I not only brush every morning but also take a bath. (Accept all valid responses.) 26

Page 118 Formal Writing Research writing Every family has interesting stories to share about people, objects and important events in the family. Just like these memorable tales, some valuable items are also preserved over generations. Often, people share memorable incidents while talking about these objects—like the night when Grandpa beat up some thieves with his yellow umbrella that mother still uses, or the story behind the old record player. Read what Lenny has found out about his grandfather's clock. My grandfather’s clock and my grandfather are of the same age. They are both ninety years old. Both of them were born on the same day and are very old. The clock is double the size of Grandpa but weighs the same as him. Grandpa told me that this clock was made from a tree in his grandfather's field. A funny tale that Grandpa told me about this clock was that it used to have a little bluebird that used to come out and chime at the beginning of every hour. Once, a thief came and stole only the bird! Grandpa has replaced it with a yellow cuckoo bird now. It takes time and effort to research and collect family stories. To get details about an event, object or person, you have to do the following. 1) Interview people: Collect information by asking questions about your subject. It is a good idea to make a list of questions, so that you do not miss out important details. 2) Listen actively and carefully: People are happy to share stories with a willing and attentive listener. A good listener will listen without interrupting too much. Module 11 27

Exercise 4: Choose an important or interesting object owned by your family. It could be a bookshelf, an old armchair, a lamp, an old musical instrument, a bicycle or DFKHVVWDEOH)LUVWÀQGRXWZK\\WKLVREMHFWLVVSHFLDOWR\\RXUIDPLO\\7KHQZULWHD paragraph about the special object. Fill in the planning circles first. What was the Was the special object? object bought on a special occasion? An old bracelet with blue stones. My great grandmother got it as a gift on her 50th birthday. Page 119 What are your Who bought family members’ the object and memories about it? from where? A thief tried to steal the bracelet and my great My great grandfather grandmother chased bought this bracelet him down the road. from the oldest jewellery shop in our city. Why is the How was object important the object used? today? My great grandmother would It reminds me of my wear it on special great grandmother occasions. and grandmother's love. Now, write your paragraph based on the research you have done. _O_n__m__y__1_3_th_b__ir_th__d_a_y__, _m__y_p_a__re__n_t_s_g_a__v_e__m__e_a__s_p_e__c_ia__l _g_i_ft_._It__w_a__s_a__b_e__a_u_t_if_u_l_s_il_v_e_r_b__ra_c__e_le__t_w__it_h__ _sh__in_i_n_g__b_lu__e__st_o_n__e_s_. _It_w__a_s__a_l_so__a__v_e_r_y__sp__e_c_i_a_l_g_i_f_t _b_e_c__a_u_s_e__t_h_is__b_r_a_c_e_l_e_t_b__e_lo__n_g_e__d__to__m__y__g_r_e_a_t_ _g_r_a_n_d_m__o__th__e_r.__M_y__g_r_e_a__t _g_r_a_n_d__fa__th__e_r_h_a__d__g_iv_e__n__h_e_r_t_h_i_s _b_r_a_c_e__le_t__o_n__h_e_r_5__0_th_b__ir_th__d_a_y_.__H_e__h_a_d__i_t _m_a__d_e__e_s_p_e__c_ia__ll_y_f_o_r_h__e_r,__fr_o_m___th_e__o__ld_e__st__je_w__e_l_le_r_y__sh__o_p__in__o_u__r _c_it_y_._I_t_h_a__s_b_e__e_n__in__m__y_f_a_m__i_ly_____ 28

Page 120 _fo__r _m__a_n_y__y_e_a__rs_._M__y_g__ra__n_d_m__o__th_e__r_a_n__d_m__y__m__o_t_h_e_r_h__a_v_e__b_o__th__w__o_r_n__it_b_e__fo__re__m__e_,_a__n_d__I_f_e_e_l_____ _v_e_r_y_l_u_c_k_y__to__h__a_v_e__it__n_o_w__. _M__y_m__o_t_h_e__r _to__ld__m__e__h_o_w___m_y__g_r_e_a__t_g_r_a_n_d__m__o_t_h_e_r_w__o_u__ld__w__e_a_r_t_h_i_s____ _b_r_a_c_e__le_t_o__n__a_ll_t_h_e__s_p_e_c__ia__l o__c_c_a__s_io_n_s__in__t_h_e__fa__m__ily_.__It_w__a_s__v_e_r_y_d__e_a_r_t_o__h_e_r_,_a__n_d__sh__e__g_u_a_r_d_e__d___ _it_p__ro__te_c__ti_v_e_l_y_._O__n_c_e_,__a_t_h_i_e_f_t_ri_e_d__t_o__st_e_a__l _it_f_r_o_m__h__e_r,__so__s_h_e__c_h__a_s_e_d__h_i_m__d_o__w_n__t_h_e__ro__a_d__a_n__d___ _c_a_u_g__h_t_h__im__!_A_s__I _p_u_t__th_e__b__ra__c_e_l_e_t_o_n__, _I _th__o_u_g__h_t_a_b__o_u_t__m_y__g_r_e_a__t_g_r_a_n_d__m__o_t_h_e_r_._I_h_a_d__n__e_v_e_r_____ _m_e__t_h_e__r,_b__u_t_I_h_a__v_e__h_e_a__rd__s_o__m__a_n_y__s_to__ri_e_s_a__b_o_u_t__h_e_r_._I_f_e_lt_l_o_v_e__d_a__n_d__b_l_e_s_s_e_d_._I_w__il_l _k_e_e_p__t_h_i_s___ _b_r_a_c_e__le_t_v__e_ry__c_a__re__fu__lly_._I_t_i_s_o_n_e__o__f _th__e__m_o__st__p_r_e_c_i_o_u_s__th_i_n_g_s__I _n_o_w__o__w_n__. _______________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ Module 11 29

Creative Writing Diary entry A diary is a book in which one can write about things that happen in their lives on a daily basis. We share our thoughts, feelings, hopes and dreams in our diaries. Read the given guidelines. Using colour pencils, colour the boxes that have guidelines for writing a diary entry. Read these guidelines aloud once you finish. 1) oWffriicteiainl lafonrgmuaalgaen.d 2b)yWusriitneginthteheprfoirsntopuenrs'oI'.n 3) Use informal language. 4) Writtheethreecaedivderre. ss of Page 121 5) Write the subject line. 6) Write a greeting such as ‘Dear Diary,’ Mention the day and t8h)eSpigenrsoofnf wwitrihtinthgethneamenetroyf. the date. 7) address on 10)dWecritiseioanbooructoanwcliushsi,ohno. pe, top. 9) Write your the Note to teacher: Make sure that learners colour the boxes numbered 2), 3), 6), 7), 8) and 10). 30

Page 122 Exercise 5: You are planning to join either the dance club or the music club at your school. Write a diary entry about your confusion and thoughts on how you will choose between the two. Hints: ‡ 0HQWLRQWKHWZRRSWLRQV\\RXDUHFRQVLGHULQJ ‡ : ULWHDERXWWKHSRVLWLYHDQGQHJDWLYHSRLQWVDERXWMRLQLQJHDFKFOXE ‡ ) LQLVKWKHGLDU\\HQWU\\E\\PDNLQJDFKRLFHDQGZULWLQJZKLFKFOXE\\RXKDYHFKRVHQWRMRLQ Friday, 11 September Dear Diary, I have been thinking about joining a club at my school. The two clubs I am considering are the dance club and the music club. But I must choose one, and I am confused. The dance club has excellent instructors. Some of my friends have joined the dance club already. However, the timing is not very convenient for me. Their sessions only happen during the weekends. I must study on weekends and do a few other things. Also, the fees for the dance club are a little high. On the other hand, the music club’s fees are quite affordable. Their classes are on Mondays and Thursdays after school hours, which is convenient for me. However, attending these classes requires some basic training, which I do not have. Also, I will need to practise a lot at home. I love to dance and sing both. Considering all these points, I think I will join the music club. It will require extra effort on my part, but it is the best option for me. Piyush Module 11 31

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Module 12 Page 158 Section Name What I Will Learn Dictation Sentence dictation Vocabulary Listen and answer Grammar Homophones Formal Writing Direct and indirect speech Creative Writing Question tags Notice writing Folktale writing Dictation Exercise 1.1: Sentence dictation 1) The rocket shot up into the sky. 2) I stuck a poster of my favourite movie on my bedroom wall. 3) The eagle swooped down to catch its prey. 4) The naughty boy sneakily stole the colourful pencil. 5) We heard the grunt of a boar in the zoo. 33

Exercise 1.2: Listen and answer 1) How does the poet feel about rain? [ d] [ a] a) Rain is dirty. b) Rain is slushy. [ a] [ a] c) Rain is important. d) Rain is beautiful. [ d] 2) Why was the street fiery? b) due to forest fires a) due to the summer heat d) due to yellow clothes c) due to the fast cars 3) What does the poet compare the sound of rain to? a) the sound of horses’ hooves b) the sound of a waterfall c) the sound of drums d) the sounds of cats and dogs 4) What does the poet say about the water that flows out of the gutter? a) It is like a river. b) It is polluted. c) It is smelly. d) It is like a sea. 5) What does the poet say at the end of the poem? a) He complains about the muddy rain. b) He talks about the heat. c) He likes how the water gushes. d) He welcomes the rain. R Vocabulary Page 159 P Q Homophones Homophones are same-sounding words that have different spellings and meanings. Examples: The first number is one. I won the race. A rose is a beautiful flower. Flour is used in baking. The knight held up his sword. The stars appear at night. 34

Page 160 Exercise 2.1: Fill in the blanks with the correct homophones from the options given in brackets. 1) The baby was _______b__o_re__d_______ (bored/board), so he started crying. 2) Would you like me to call ________h__im_________ (hymn/him) as well? 3) It has ________b_e_e__n_______ (been/bean) a long time since we last met. 4) I did not _______h__e_a_r________ (here/hear) the bell ring. 5) Orange ________p_e_e__l _______ (peel/peal) is very useful in making medicines. 6) My sisters _______s_e_l_l _________ (sell/cell) hot samosas near the beach on Sundays. Now, write the meanings of at least three pairs of homophones that you have just learnt. _a_)_p__e_e_l_-_t_h_e__s_k_in__o_f__a_n__o_r_a_n_g__e_;_p_e__a_l_-_t_o__re__m_o__v_e__th__e_o__u_t_e_r_l_a_y_e_r______________________________ _b_)_b__o_re__d__- _t_o_l_o_s_e__in_t_e_r_e_s_t_; _b_o__a_r_d_-__a__h_a_r_d__a_n_d__s_t_a_b_l_e__su__rf_a_c__e_________________________________ _c_)_h_y_m__n__-_a__r_e_l_ig_i_o_u_s__so__n_g_;_h__im__-__re_f_e_r_s_t_o__a__m__a_le______________________________________________ (Accept all valid responses.) Exercise 2.2: Fill in the blanks with the correct homophones from the words in brackets. 1) The ________b__a_n_d___________ (band/banned) played lovely music at the wedding. 2) The _________m__in_o_r__________ (miner/minor) was not allowed to cast his vote as he was not 18 years old yet. 3) Ayan liked the ________s_w_e_e__t__________ (sweet/suite) chocolate. 4) Rishi _________r_o_d_e___________ (rode/road) his motorbike to the factory. 5) I can count the _________d__a_y_s__________ (daze/days) of the week on my fingers. 6) I gave my mother a beautiful _________r_o_s_e___________ (rows/rose) on Mother’s Day. Module 12 35

Grammar Sentences Given below are some sentences. Read them and write what types of sentences they are. 1) 15th August is our Independence Day. 2) I can’t wait for the party! Declarative Exclamatory Page 161 3) Where is my new bag? 4) Meet me at 8:00 p.m. sharp. Interrogative Imperative 5) Do you want tea or coffee? 6) My favourite colour is blue. Interrogative Declarative 7) Suddenly, the tiger jumped in front 8) Speak softly! of our jeep! Exclamatory Imperative Let us revise the four different types of sentences. Declarative sentences: They make Interrogative sentences: They ask statements and end with a full stop (.). questions and end with a question mark (?). Example: We are going to watch a movie. Example: Will you come for the movie? 36

Exclamatory sentences: They show Imperative sentences: They give excitement or a strong feeling. They end commands or make requests. They end with an exclamation mark (!). with a full stop (.) or an exclamation mark (!). Examples: Examples: ‡ :KDWDQHQWHUWDLQLQJ ‡ . DUDQSOHDVHGULYHPHWR movie! the movie theatre. ‡ 2XFK! I hurt my knee. ‡ %HKDYHSROLWHO\\! Remember These are the four types of sentences. – declarative sentences 1) Statements (.) – interrogative sentences 2) Questions (?) – exclamatory sentences 3) Exclamations (!) – imperative sentences 4) Commands or requests (.) or (!) Page 162 Note: When exclamatory sentences start with Examples:  ‡ How beautiful is the rain! ‘what’ or ‘how’, there is a slight change ‡ What a match! in the usual order of words in the  sentence. Exercise 3.1: Write sentences to describe the pictures. Base the sentences on the sentence types given for each picture. One is done for you. 1) When will you finish your work? interrogative sentence Module 12 37

2) _C_o__m__p_le__te__t_h_i_s_e_x_e_r_c_i_se__n__o_w__. _____ imperative sentence _________________________________ _________________________________ 3) _________________________________ exclamatory sentence _O__h_,_I_a_m___g_e_t_t_in_g__l_a_t_e__fo__r _w_o__rk_!____ Page 163 4) _________________________________ interrogative sentence _________________________________ _________________________________ 5) declarative sentence _H_a__v_e__y_o_u__fa__ll_e_n__a_s_le_e__p_?__________ _________________________________ 6) exclamatory sentence _________________________________ _________________________________ 38 _I_a_m___s_c_a_r_e_d__o_f__ra__ts_.______________ _________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________ _T_h_e__b_a__b_y__h_a_s_n_'_t _s_to__p_p_e__d__c_ry_i_n_g_!__ _________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________ (Accept all valid responses.)

Page 164 Direct and indirect speech Your sister has a lot of homework, and she needs some time alone to finish it. She tells you, 'I have a lot of homework.' and asks you not to disturb her. When your friend comes over in the evening, you can tell her about this conversation in two ways. My sister said, 'I have a lot of homework.' (direct speech) You repeated what your sister said in the very same way she had said it. You will put her exact words in quotation marks if you were to write this. The second way of reporting what she said is like this. My sister said that she had a lot of homework. (indirect speech) Since your sister said those words some time ago, the tense and the pronoun change when you are telling someone else about it later. ('I have' changes to 'she had'.) We do not put the words in quotation marks for reported speech. Remember We use indirect speech or reported speech when we tell or report something that someone said. Here are a few examples. ,OLYHLQ.HUDOD I am at office. He said that he lived in She said that .HUDOD she was at office. Module 12 39

Rules of indirect speech ‡ ,QGLUHFWVSHHFKLVnot put in quotation marks. ‡ 7 KHZRUG¶WKDW·LVXVHGWRMRLQWKHUHSRUWLQJYHUEDQGWKHUHSRUWHGVSHHFK  ([DPSOH  %KDUDWsaid that he ate the samosa. reporting verb reported speech ‡ 7 KHSURQRXQWREHFKRVHQIRUWKHVXEMHFWRIWKHUHSRUWHGVSHHFKLVFKDQJHG according to the pronoun of the reported person or speech. Sometimes, the pronoun may not change at all.  ([DPSOHV‡ Nutan said that she loved the rains.   ‡ He said that he loved books. ‡ : KHQWKHVHQWHQFHZLWKLQTXRWDWLRQPDUNVLVLQWKHVLPSOHSUHVHQWWHQVHLWFKDQJHVWR the simple past tense. ‡ : KHQFKDQJLQJIURPGLUHFWWRLQGLUHFWVSHHFKLQWKHVLPSOHSUHVHQWWHQVHthis becomes that and here becomes there. Page 165 Exercise 3.2: Convert the following sentences into indirect speech. One is done for you. 1) Rana said, 'I play the violin every night.' Ans. Rana said that he played the violin every night. 2) Meenal said, 'I have sandwiches for lunch.' Ans. Meenal said that she had sandwiches for lunch. 3) He said, 'This is my pet cat.' Ans. He said that was his pet cat. 4) She said, 'Pune is a clean and green city.' Ans. She said that Pune was a clean and green city. 5) They said, 'Our house is on top of a hill.' Ans. They said that their house was on top of a hill. 40

Page 166 6) Ambar said, 'I like to eat fish.' Ans. Ambar said that she liked to eat fish. Exercise 3.3: Convert the following sentences into direct speech. One is done for you. 1) The teacher said that Madhu was a bright student. Ans. The teacher said, 'Madhu is a bright student'. 2) Raghav said that the cab was already there. Ans. _R_a_g__h_a_v__s_a_id__, _'T_h_e__c_a__b__is_a__lr_e_a__d_y__h_e_r_e_'._______________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 3) Rahul said that the curry was too hot. Ans. _R_a_h_u__l _sa__id__, _'T_h_e__c_u_r_r_y_i_s_t_o_o__h_o_t_'.______________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 4) She said that she had a lot of homework. Ans. _S_h_e__sa__id__, _'I_h_a__v_e__a__lo_t__o_f_h_o__m_e__w_o__rk_'_. _________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 5) They said that the wind was too strong outside. Ans. _T_h_e_y__sa__id__, _'T_h_e__w__in_d__i_s_t_o_o__s_tr_o_n_g__o__u_ts_i_d_e_'_. ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 6) She said that she had a headache. Ans. _S_h_e__sa__id__, _'I_h_a__v_e__a__h_e_a_d__a_c__h_e_'._______________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ Question tags Read the following sentences. You will take the exam, Jennifer is the fastest runner in .DUDQ.DELUDQG5L\\DDUH won't you? class, isn't she? visiting Goa next month, aren't they? Module 12 41

Pay attention to the phrases 'won't you?', ‘isn't she?’ and ‘aren't they?’. Notice that they ask a question about the same statement that was made. The question wants us to confirm or agree with something. They are called question tags. A question tag is a small question at the end of a statement. They are more common in spoken than written English. Examples: ‡ +HLVIURP,QGLDisn’t he? (confirmation) ‡ :e should eat dinner, shouldn’t we? (agreement) Remember The question tag uses the same helping verb as the main statement. They were playing here, weren’t they? In this sentence, the question tag uses the helping verb ‘were’. Page 167 A positive statement A negative question tag Positive statement Negative tag You will finish your lunch, won’t you? hasn’t she? She has left, aren’t you? You are a magician, hadn’t she? She had sung the song before I came, Remember Follow these rules when there is no helping verb in a sentence. ‡ :KHQWKHYHUELQWKHPDLQVWDWHPHQWLVLQWKHVLPSOHSUHVHQWWHQVHIRUPDTXHVWLRQ tag with 'don't' or 'doesn't' for positive statements. ‡ :KHQWKHYHUELQWKHPDLQVWDWHPHQWLVLQWKHVLPSOHSDVWWHQVHIRUPDTXHVWLRQWDJ with 'didn't' for positive statements. 42

Simple present tense You play the piano, don’t you? Simple past tense They travelled to Shimla, didn’t they? Page 168 Remember ‡ $ OZD\\VDGGDcomma (,) before the question tag. ‡ $ OZD\\VDGGDquestion mark (?) after the question tag. Exercise 3.4: Fill in the blanks with suitable question tags. One is done for you. 1) We often watch TV in the afternoon, don't we? 2) She is collecting stickers, ______is_n_'_t_s_h_e_?________ 3) You have cleaned your bicycle, _____h_a__v_e_n_'_t_y_o_u_?______ 4) They are going home from school, ____a_r_e_n_'_t_t_h_e_y_?_____ 5) Hannah is clever, _______is_n_'_t _s_h_e_?________ 6) He could hurt himself badly, ____c__o_u_l_d_n_'_t_h_e__?____ Formal Writing Notice writing You have learnt about the different parts of a notice before. Here is a notice Swati wrote to inform her class of a school trip to the Russian Circus. However, she mixed up the order of the different parts. Can you name the parts and number them in the correct order? The parts of a notice are given in the box below. Module 12 43

Date Issuing authority Headline Name and designation Body Trip to the Russian Circus Headline %RG\\ NOTICE 3 4 The school has planned a trip to the Russian 2 Circus for the students of Class 4 on 29th Date November 2019. The charges for this outing will be Rs 350 per student. Interested students 1 must give their names to their class teachers Issuing authority by 25th November 2019. Students are requested to carry their ID cards and water bottles and wait in front of the school office by 9:00 a.m. on 29th November. The bus will leave at 9:00 a.m. sharp. Page 169 19 November 2019 5 Name and designation Swati Dutta Class Leader, Class 4 Nalanda Primary School Exercise 4: Your school is organising an International Doll Festival. At the exhibition, students will see dolls from different countries. As the head girl, write a notice to inform your schoolmates about this. Hints: x Mention the name of your school, the date and the subject of the notice. x Give important information, like the date, time and location of the exhibition. x Give any important additional information as well. 44

_______S_T__X_A_V_I_E_R_'S__P_R_IM__A_R__Y_S_C__H_O_O__L________ NOTICE 1__7_M__a_r_c_h_2_0_1_9__________ __________________I_N_T_E_R_N__A_T_I_O__N_A__L_D_O__L_L_F_E_S_T_I_V_A__L___________________ T_h__e_s_c_h__o_o_l_i_s_h_o__st_in__g__a_n__In_t_e_r_n_a__ti_o_n_a_l_D__o_l_l _F_e_s_ti_v_a_l_f_o_r_s_t_u_d_e__n_ts__o_f_c__la_s_s_e_s__1_t_o__4_._A_t__ t_h_e__e__x_h_ib_i_t_io_n__, _th__e_s_t_u_d_e__n_t_s_w__ill_g__e_t_a__c_h__a_n_c__e_t_o__s_e_e__d_o__lls__fr_o_m___d_if_f_e_r_e_n_t_c__o_u_n_t_r_ie_s_._ T_h__e_f_e_s_t_iv_a__l _w_i_ll_b_e__h_e__ld__o_n__t_h_e__2_1_s_t _a_n_d__2_2_n_d_R__I_$_S__UL_O______D_W_._D__X_Y_H_U_\\__+_D_O_O_7_K_H__ _____ e__x_h_ib__it_io__n_w__il_l _ta__k_e__p_la__c_e__b_e__tw__e_e__n_1_0_:_0_0__a_._m__. _a_n_d__5_:_0_0__p_._m_.__o_n__b_o_t_h__th__e__d_a_y_s_.____ S_n__a_c_k_s__w_i_ll_b_e__a__v_a_i_la_b__le__a_t__v_a_r_io_u__s _c_o__u_n_t_e_r_s._S_t_u_d__e_n_t_s_w__h_o__a_r_e__in_t_e_r_e_s_t_e_d__t_o_b__e__a__ p__a_r_t_o_f__th_e__e__x_h_ib__it_io_n__m__u_s_t_s_u_b__m_i_t_t_h_e_i_r _d_e__ta__ils__a_t_t_h_e__o_f_f_ic_e__b__e_fo__re__3_0_t_h_M__a_r_c_h_._____ _______________________________________________________________________________ Page 170 .__D_U_LV_K_P__D__._K_D__Q_Q_D_______________________________________________________________ H__e_a__d_G__i_rl_, _C_l_a_s_s_4_______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________ _______________________________ Module 12 45

Creative Writing Folktale writing Page 171 Folktales are one of the earliest forms of storytelling, which the ‘folk’ or people of a certain place told to describe their beliefs and ways of living. They were passed on orally from one generation to the next. Over time, different storytellers added their own details to make the folktales suitable and engaging for their listeners. Therefore, there are often different versions of the same folktale. In the later ages, folktales were collected and preserved in books. Some of the well-known folktales from India can be found in the Panchatantra and the Jataka Tales. Can you recall a folktale that you’ve heard from your parents or grandparents? What was the story about? _O_n__c_e_,__th__e_r_e_w__a__s_a__m__a_n__w__h_o__d__re__a_m__e_d__o__f_t_u_r_n_in_g__d__u_s_t_i_n_t_o__g_o_l_d_._H__e__sp__e_n__t _a_l_l _h_is__m__o_n_e__y_______ _a_n_d__h__a_d__n_o__m__o__n_e_y__f_o_r_f_o_o_d__._H_i_s_w__if_e__w__a_s__v_e_r_y_w__o_r_r_ie__d_._H__is_w__if_e__w__e_n_t__to__h__e_r_f_a_t_h_e__r _fo__r_h_e__lp_.____ _H_e__c_a__ll_e_d__h_i_s_s_o_n_-_i_n_-_la_w___a_n_d__t_o_l_d__h_i_m__t_h_a_t__h_e__w__a_s__m_i_s_s_in_g__a__s_e_c__re__t_in__g_r_e_d_i_e_n_t_._I_t_w__a_s__a__si_lv_e__r___ _p_o_w__d__e_r_f_o_u_n__d__o_n_l_y_o__n__b_a_n__a_n_a__l_e_a__v_e_s_._H__e_w__o__u_ld__h__a_v_e__t_o__p_l_a_n_t__e_n_o_u__g_h__b_a__n_a__n_a__t_re__e_s_t_o__g_e__t _ _a__k_il_o_o__f_t_h_e__s_il_v_e_r_p__o_w__d_e__r._H__e__p_l_a_n_t_e_d__b__a_n_a__n_a__s_a_n__d__w_a__t_e_re__d__t_h_e_m__._H__e__c_o_l_le__c_t_e_d__t_h_e__s_il_v_e_r___ _p_o_w__d__e_r_a__n_d__k_e_p__t_it__sa__f_e_ly_.__A_f_te__r_s_e_v_e__ra__l _y_e_a__rs_,_h_e__w__a__s_a_b__le__t_o__c_o__lle__c_t_a__k_i_lo__o__f _p_o__w_d__e_r_. _H_e_____ _w_e__n_t_t_o__h_i_s_f_a_t_h_e_r_-_in_-_l_a_w__a__n_d__a_s_k_e__d__h_o_w___h_e__c_o_u__ld__m__a_k__e_g__o_l_d_._T_h_e__f_a_t_h_e__r-_in__-l_a_w___c_a_l_le__d__h_is_____ _d_a_u__g_h_t_e_r_._S_h__e_s_h__o_w__e_d__t_h_e_m___a__b_a__g__o_f_g__o_ld___w_h__ic_h__s_h_e__h_a__d__e_a__rn__e_d__f_ro__m__s_e_l_lin__g__th__e__b_a_n__a_n_a__s_. _ _‘L_o__o_k_,_y_o__u__h_a_v_e__t_u_r_n_e__d__d_u_s_t_t_o__g_o__ld__’,__sa__id__t_h_e__o_l_d__m__a_n__t_o__h_is__s_o_n_-_in__-l_a_w__.______________________ 46

Let’s read a folktale now. Four Friends and a Lion Page 172 A long time ago, there lived four Now, the third learned friend spoke, friends. Three of them were very ‘Friends, it’s not a lion till it behaves like learned, for they had read many books one. A lion without a roar? Watch me, on different subjects. The fourth friend, I will give him real power.’ Meanwhile, however, was a simpleton. He was the fourth friend, Subuddhi, had been not well read, but he was clever and silently watching his learned friends. practical. His name was Subuddhi. The Now he cried out, ‘Stop it, this is foolish! other three made fun of him as he was If the lion comes to life, he’ll kill us all.’ not like them. The other three learned friends One day, the four friends were passing laughed at Subuddhi. ‘A fool like you through a forest when they spotted will always talk nonsense. What do the bones of an animal lying scattered you know about knowledge? Shut up, under a banyan tree. The three and observe our clever act.’ Sensing learned friends understood that the the danger, Subuddhi, the simple one, bones belonged to a lion. climbed a tree nearby. The first learned friend said, ‘It’s not The third learned friend closed his eyes enough to know the animal. I have the and chanted a few mantras. In the power to join the bones.’ He closed his blink of an eye, the lifeless body of the eyes and murmured a few mantras. As lion shivered. Its tail began to twitch. if by magic, the bones came together It growled and roared. Then, it sprang to form the skeleton of a lion. on the three learned friends and killed them. Subuddhi watched in horror. The second learned friend said, ‘Bones After the lion had gone, he got down alone don’t make a lion. I will give it from the tree and returned to his village flesh and blood.’ He also closed his safely. eyes and chanted a few mantras. In no time, a real, fierce lion, complete with flesh and blood, stood before them. Module 12 47

Discuss the following questions with your classmates. Q. Is the story based in the past or the present? Q. Who are the main characters? How do you know this folktale is from India? A few words and phrases have been repeated in the story. Can you find Q. them? What is the reason behind the repetition? Q. What is the message of the story? Page 173 Let us remember the following points about a folktale. It is an old story passed on It can have It can have to us from our parents' and human or animal characters. magical grandparents' generations. elements. It has a simple and It gives a moral engaging plot with or message. repeated details and words. 48

Put on your thinking hats. Can you write a folktale that you have heard? Fill in the given planning circles to help you write the folktale. What is the Who are the background and main characters? setting of your folktale? Where do they live? Two friends go for a hike in the jungle. Write about two friends who live in the a problem that they city face in a few words. Write how Suddenly, they hear a they look and behave. bear growl. Page 174 One likes playing sports and the other likes How do they overcome reading. What is the problem? the lesson you learnt How does the One friend climbs a tree, folktale end? from the folktale? the other lies down on The bear walks away. Quick thinking saves the ground and pretends the day. to be dead. Module 12 49

Page 175 Exercise 5: Now that you have planned it, write the folktale in three paragraphs. _T_h_e_r_e__w_e__re__t_w__o__fr_ie__n_d_s_._O__n__c_e_,_t_h_e__y_w__e_n__t_o_n__a__h__ik_e__in__a__j_u_n_g__le_._T_h__e__fi_rs_t____ _fr_ie__n_d__C__h_it_t_u__lo_v__e_d__s_p_o_r_t_s_. _H_e__w__a_s__fi_t_a_n__d__lo_v__e_d__t_o__c_li_m__b__tr_e_e__s_. _T_h_e__o_t_h_e__r __ _IU_LH__Q_G__%_L_WW_X__OR__Y_H_G__U_H_D__G_LQ__J__E_R_R__N_V__+_H__N_Q_H__Z__D__O_R_W_D__E_R_X__W_Z__LOG__D__Q_L_P__D_OV__ ______ _W__h_il_e__re__tu__rn__in_g__, _th__e_y__s_u_d_d__e_n_l_y_h__e_a_r_d__a__b__e_a_r__g_r_o_w__l._C__h_i_tt_u__ra__n__to__a__t_a__ll____ _WU_H_H__D__Q_G__T_X__LF_N_O_\\__F_OL_P__E_H_G__X__S__WK__H__WU_H_H___%_LW_W_X__R_Q__W_K_H__R_W_K_H__U_K_D_Q__G__F_R_X__OG__Q_R__W__ _c_li_m__b__th__e__tr_e_e__. _T_h_e__g_r_o_w__ls__b_e__c_a_m__e__l_o_u_d__e_r_a__n_d__lo__u_d__e_r.__S_u_d_d__e_n_l_y_,_a__n_i_d_e__a_ _VW_U_X_F_N__%_L_WW_X__+__H__OD__\\_I_OD__W_R_Q__W_K_H__J__UR__X_Q_G__D__Q_G__S_U_H_W_H_Q__G_H_G__W_R__E_H__G__H_D__G__7_K_H__ ___ _E_H_D__U_F_D__P__H__D_Q_G__V_Q_L_I_IH__G__%_LW_W_X_E__X_W_W_K_R__X_J_K__W_%_L_WW_X__Z__D_V_G__H_D__G__D_V_K__H__Z_D__V_Q_R__W___ _E_U_H_D_W_K_L_Q_J___7_K_H__E_H__D_U_V_OR__Z_O_\\__Z_D__ON_H__G__D_Z__D_\\__%__LW_WX__·V__T_X__LF_N__W_K_LQ__N_LQ_J__V_D_Y__H_G__W_K_H__ _d_a_y__! _____________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ 50