MPL_G4_English_WB AK_All Terms

Formal Writing Formal letter Read the given sample of a formal letter carefully. See the different parts that a formal letter has. Study its format and tone. 5HFLSLHQW·VDGGUHVV 303, Block A, TVR Society Sender’s address Presidency Road Salutation/Greeting Bengaluru Date You can use respectful titles such 18 January 2019 Subject as 'Sir' or 'Madam'. State the purpose of The Manager writing the letter to Body State Bank of India focus the attention of This is the part Bengaluru the reader. between the introduction and the Subject: Request for opening a Introduction closing paragraph. new bank account Introduce yourself This is where you and explain in detail should talk about Respected Sir, why you are writing. the main idea of the Use formal language letter. I request you to open a savings throughout. Do not account for me in your bank. My use contractions. Signature name is Suman Singh, and I am Sign with your full from Bengaluru, Karnataka. Conclusion name. Say thanks, and if As I am not yet 18 years of age, I needed, state that would like to open a junior account. you look forward to I am enclosing all the necessary a response. documents with this letter. I hope you will fulfil this request as soon as you can. Thank you in advance. Yours sincerely, Suman Singh 48

Exercise 4: Write a formal letter to the librarian of your local library, requesting them to include more children’s books and books on myths and legends in the book list. Hints: ‡ 7KDQNWKHOLEUDULDQIRUWKHLUHIIRUWV ‡ 3UDLVHWKHOLEUDU\\IRUHQFRXUDJLQJFKLOGUHQOLNH\\RXWRUHDG ‡ :ULWHDERXW\\RXUORYHIRUUHDGLQJ ‡ ([SODLQ\\RXUSUREOHPRIQRWKDYLQJHQRXJKERRNVWRUHDG ‡ 5HTXHVWWKHOLEUDULDQWRDUUDQJHIRUPRUHFKLOGUHQ·VERRNV ‡ ,QFOXGHDOLVWRI\\RXUIDYRXULWHERRNV _1_5_, D__e_w__D_ro__p_s_L_a_n_e_____________________ _A_la_n_d__i C__h_o_w_k_,_G__h_o_rp_a__d_i ________________ _P_u_n_e_–__4_11_0_0_1__________________________ 31 October 2019 The Librarian Ghorpadi Public School Pune Subject: _R__e_q_u_e__s_ti_n_g__in_c__lu_s_io__n__o_f_m__o_r_e__c_h_i_ld_r_e_n_’_s__b_o_o__k_s _o_n__m__y_t_h_s_a_n__d__le_g__e_n_d__s___ Dear _M__a_d__a_m_____________________, I would like to begin by thanking you for ______th__e__e_x_c_e_l_le_n__t_li_b_r_a_r_y_i_n_o__u_r_c_o__m__m__u_n_it_y__________ __________________________________________. It is also very well __m__a_i_n_t_a_in__e_d__a_n_d__p__e_a_c__e_f_u_l ____ ____________________________________________. Thank you for encouraging all of us to read. Ever since I have discovered that reading is fun, I have been reading _e_v_e__ry__n_i_g_h_t_b__e_f_o_r_e_I_g__o__ _to__b__e_d_________________. Even if it is a few pages, it has become a habit. My parents are also very happy that _______________I_a__m__r_e_a_d__in_g__s_o__m__u_c_h_______________________________________. Module 4 49

My English teacher has said _t_h_a_t_m__y__v_o_c__a_b_u__la_r_y__h_a_s__a_ls_o__im__p__ro__v_e_d__________________________. Now that I have borrowed so many books from our library, I feel __th__a_t_i_t_w__o_u_ld__b__e__g_r_e_a_t_i_f_w__e__ _c_o_u_l_d__h_a_v_e__m__o_r_e__c_h_i_ld__re_n__’s__b_o_o__k_s_________________________________________________________. It would be great to have books about _m__y_t_h_s_a_n__d__le_g__e_n_d__s_f_ro_m___In__d_ia__a__n_d__a_r_o_u_n_d__t_h_e__w__o_r_ld__ _____________________________________________. I am very fond of these, and even my friends _li_k_e__su__c_h__b_o_o__k_s_a__lo__t ______________________________________________________________________. I hope you will look into my request and __in_c__lu_d__e_s_o_m__e__b__o_o_k_s__fr_o_m__t_h_e__l_is_t_b_e__lo_w_______________ __________________________________________________________________________________________. List of books _A_n__n_e__o_f_G__re__e_n__G__a_b_l_e_s_–__L_M__M__o_n__tg__o_m__e_r_y_____________ _T_h_e__W__in_d__i_n_t_h_e__W__i_llo__w_s__–_K_e__n_n_e_t_h__G__ra__h_a_m__e___________ _G__re__e_k_a__n_d__R_o_m__a__n_m__y_t_h_s_____________________________ Totto-chan – Tetsuko Kuroyanagi Charlie and the Chocolate Factory – Roald Dahl Malgudi Days – RK Narayan Yours ___si_n_c__e_r_e_l_y________________________, _V_i_v_e_k__G_u__p_t_a_____________________ Class 4-B Creative Writing Story writing Exercise 5: The beginning, middle and end of a story are given. Complete the story in your own words. Ananya had been playing in her garden when she saw a strange sight. A small and saucer- shaped flying object suddenly landed in front of her. A door opened, and a ladder came out. She saw tiny, strange-looking people climb out. 50

They looked unlike anything she had seen before. They had green bodies and long ears. They had three legs and no hands. Their appearance scared her a little, but she was fascinated at the same time. They all looked at her and made a weird sound. Ananya told them that she did not understand what they were saying. They started moving towards her, and she jumped up in fear. Then, they spoke in English. ‘Would you like to take a trip on our flying saucer? Don’t worry, you shall be safe.’ ‘Of course!’ she replied excitedly. She wasn’t scared of these creatures anymore. The moment she entered the flying saucer, the creatures seated her on a chair. They asked her to buckle up and get ready. Then, they zoomed off into space. Ananya watched the Earth grow smaller and smaller. After a while, the saucer landed on a strange planet. It was the home of these amazing creatures. She walked on and saw many more similar creatures but in different sizes. Some of them were playing, and some others were working. She realised that they had their own lives here just like humans. She was too amazed to react. After walking around for a while Ananya was taken back to the flying saucer. Before she could react, they were zooming off to Earth again. The saucer landed in her garden and the doors opened. Module 4 51

Ananya came out, and in a second, the saucer disappeared. ‘Did this really happen, or was this a dream?’ she wondered. 52

Transcript for listen and answer Module 4 Listen to this passage about penguins and answer the questions. PENGUINS The penguin is a bird, but it does not fly. Penguins are not like other birds. They are unique birds, and although they do have feathers, even their feathers are unusual. Other birds have rows of feathers that grow in a specific pattern. A penguin's feathers grow all over, like hair on a mammal. You will not see penguins in the air, and you will not see them on trees. You will see them in the water; in fact you will see them below the surface of the water if you have an underwater video camera. The penguin is an ocean bird, living in and near the ocean. The penguin spends much time in the ocean, so much of its life is unknown. People only get to know penguins well when they are on land, and the penguin can be in the sea for months at a time. While the penguin is not a great flier as the eagle is, the penguin can out-swim most birds and probably out-swims some other aquatic animals. The penguin has thick strong wings and flippers instead of feet that it uses to push through the water. When the penguin is on land, it walks along slowly, and this limited mobility may be one reason the penguin spends more time in the water. The penguin's food source is in the water, the fish it catches. They have solid bones, while other birds have bones that are not solid.

Teacher Reference: Textbook LFTUE: 3) FLUTE BLTAA: 4) TABLA HLODKA: 5) DHOLAK Exercise 4: Value-based questions – Judgement and appreciation 1) Which art form interests you the most? Why? Ans. Learner’s response Sample: I love western dance the most. When I dance, I feel very happy. The moment somebody plays music, my body starts to move. Dancing gives me joy and peace. 2) You will not know whether you can do something until you try it. Do you agree? Justify your answer with an example. Ans. Learner’s response Sample: I agree. My friend Shalini was begging me to join the storybook club with her. I did not want to go, as I thought it would be boring. But she convinced me to go. I was surprised. The book club had interesting people. We laughed a lot and spoke about our favourite stories. Only after I tried it out did I know I could enjoy it. Sa-re-ga-ma All the Way

Module 5 Section Name What I Will Learn Dictation Word dictation Vocabulary Listen and answer Grammar Suffixes Formal Writing Creative Writing Adjectives Summary writing Dialogue writing Dictation Exercise 1.1: Word dictation 1) classical 2) outdated 3) old-fashioned 4) pattern 5) unenthusiastic 6) actually 9) divine 7) melodious 8) heavenly Module 1 53

Exercise 1.2: Listen and answer 1) What was Mrs Shastri doing when she heard a loud noise? Ans. _M_r_s_S_h__a_s_tr_i_w__a_s_s_le__e_p_i_n_g__w__h_e_n__s_h_e__h_e_a__rd__a__lo__u_d__n_o_i_s_e_.________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 2) Where did she go when she heard the noise? Ans. _W_h__e_n__s_h_e__h_e_a__rd__t_h_e__n_o_i_s_e_,_s_h_e__g_o_t__u_p__a_n_d__w__e_n_t__d_o_w__n_s_t_a_ir_s_.__________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 3) What was the thief doing when Mrs Shastri saw him? Ans. _W_h__e_n__M__rs__S_h_a_s_t_ri_s_a_w___th_e__t_h_i_e_f,__h_e__w_a__s_g_o__in_g__o__u_t_o_f_t_h_e__w__in_d__o_w__.______________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 4) What was the thief wearing? Ans. _Th__e__th_i_e_f_w__a_s__w_e__a_r_in_g__a__b_l_u_e__s_h_ir_t_. ___________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 5) What did the thief steal? Ans. _Th__e__th_i_e_f_s_t_o_le__a__ll_t_h_e__fo__o_d_.___________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 54

PR Vocabulary Q 6XIÀ[HV ([HUFLVH:RUGPDWKWLPH)RUPQRXQVE\\DGGLQJWKHVXIÀ[HV¶PHQW·RU¶LRQ·WLRQ to the given verbs. 1) agree 1) a__g_r_e_e_m__e_n__t_______________ 2) a__tt_r_a_c_t_io__n_________________ 2) attract 3) appoint + -ment/-ion = 3) a__p_p_o__in_t_m__e_n_t______________ 4) s_u_g__g_e_s_t_io__n________________ 4) suggest 5)_p_a__y_m__e_n_t_________________ 6) i_n_v_e_n__ti_o_n__________________ 5) pay 6) invent ([HUFLVH)LOOLQWKHEODQNVE\\XVLQJHLWKHU¶LRQ·WLRQRU¶PHQW·FRUUHFWO\\LQHDFK case. Use the base words in brackets as hints. 1) Mira is moving in the ____________d_i_re__c_t_io_n_____________ (direct) of the campus. 2) Zaheer showed a marked __________im__p__ro_v__e_m__e_n_t__________ (improve) in his writing skills. 3) The ___________a__rg__u_m__e_n_t____________ (argue) continued until Rita accepted defeat. 4) Burying a person alive was a harsh ___________p_u_n__is_h_m__e_n_t___________ (punish) given by rulers in olden times. 5) The ___________c_o_n__st_r_u_c_t_io_n___________ (construct) site had a crane as well as a bulldozer. 6) My old grandmother needs to take medicines after every meal for proper ____________d_i_g_e__st_io__n____________ (digest). Module 5 55

Grammar Adjectives Adjectives are words that describe nouns and pronouns. Read the passage and underline the adjectives. State whether these are adjectives of quality, quantity or number. Allan is a tall boy. He is wearing a new T-shirt. This is the fifth T-shirt he has been gifted this year. He really loves his toy cars. Allan has seven toy cars. Allan carries some water and a little milk when he goes out to play with his cars. Ans. _a__d_je__c_t_iv_e__s_o_f__q_u_a__li_ty_:__ta__ll_, _n_e_w__,_t_o_y_____________________________________ ________a__d_j_e_c_t_iv__e_s_o__f _q_u__a_n_t_it_y_:_s_o_m__e__,_li_t_tl_e_____________________________________ ________a__d_j_e_c_t_iv__e_s_o__f_n_u__m_b__e_r_:_f_if_th__, _s_e_v_e__n_____________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ Remember ‡ $GMHFWLYHVRITXDOLW\\point out qualities of nouns. They answer the question:¶RIZKDW NLQG\"·. Examples: blue sky, lovely day, noisy street, large room, old shirt ‡ $GMHFWLYHVRITXDQWLW\\tell us¶KRZPDQ\\·or¶KRZPXFK·. Examples: some, a little, all, several, much, many, a lot of, plenty of, few ‡ $GMHFWLYHVRIQXPEHUtell us about the number or position of the nouns or pronouns spoken about. They tell us¶KRZPDQ\\·. Examples: five, seventeen, twenty-four, tenth 56

Exercise 3.1: Read the paragraph and underline the adjectives. Sort them into DGMHFWLYHVRITXDOLW\\TXDQWLW\\DQGQXPEHU2QHLVGRQHIRU\\RX Adnan was excited. He was going to the market by himself for the first time. He entered the busy market and went to a shop. He bought some juice and three packets of biscuits. He had enough money to buy these things. Adjectives of Adjectives of Adjectives of TXDOLW\\ TXDQWLW\\ number excited, first, three busy some, enough Degrees of comparison Read the following sentences. Delhi is cold during winter. Shimla is colder than Delhi Leh is the coldest of the during winter. three cities. ‡ ,QWKHÀUVWVHQWHQFH¶FROG·LVDQDGMHFWLYHWKDWVLPSO\\GHVFULEHVWKHZHDWKHUconditions of Delhi during winter. ‡ ,QWKHVHFRQGVHQWHQFHWKHDGMHFWLYH¶FROGHU·FRPSDUHVWKHZHDWKHUFRQGLWLRQVRI Shimla and Delhi during winter. ‡ ,QWKHWKLUGVHQWHQFHWKHDGMHFWLYH¶FROGHVW·LVXVHGWRFRPSDUHWKHZHDWKHUconditions of Delhi, 6KLPODDQG/HKGXULQJZLQWHU,WDOVRVKRZVZKLFKFLW\\LVWKH¶PRVWFROG·DPRQJ the three. To show comparison, adjectives change their forms. These forms are also known as degrees of comparison. Module 5 57

The three degrees of comparison cold ‡7 KLVLVWKHpositive degreeRIDQDGMHFWLYH,WLVXVHGZKHQZHGHVFULEHVRPHWKLQJ or someone but not for making a comparison. Examples: clever, strong, small colder ‡7 KLVLVWKHcomparative degreeRIDQDGMHFWLYH,WLVXVHGZKLOHFRPSDULQJWZR nouns or pronouns. ‡: HFDQPDNHDFRPSDUDWLYHGHJUHHE\\VLPSO\\DGGLQJ¶HU·WRWKHSRVLWLYH degree of an adjective. Examples: cleverer, stronger, smaller ‡7 KHZRUG¶WKDQ·LVDOVRXVHGGXULQJFRPSDULVRQV Example: Ramu is quicker than Mohan. ‡7 KLVLVWKHsuperlative degreeRIDQDGMHFWLYH,WLVXVHGWRFRPSDUHPRUHWKDQ two things. ‡,WFDQEHIRUPHGE\\DGGLQJ¶HVW·WRWKHSRVLWLYHGHJUHH Examples: cleverest, strongest, smallest coldest ‡: HXVHWKHZRUG¶WKH·EHIRUHWKHVXSHUODWLYHGHJUHH Example: Rakesh is the quickest boy in the class. ‡7 KHZRUG DPRQJ LVXVHGZKHQZHFRPSDUHPRUHWKDQWZRWKLQJVRUSHRSOH ,WDOVRFRPSDUHVRQHSHUVRQRUWKLQJLQDJURXSWRWKHRWKHUSHRSOHRUWKLQJVLQ the same group. Example: Jalebis are the sweetest amongDOOWKH,QGLDQVZHHWV Let us now look at the degrees of comparison of some adjectives. Positive degree Comparative degree Superlative degree short shorter shortest long longer longest smart smarter smartest old older/elder oldest/eldest 58

Positive degree Comparative degree Superlative degree rich richer richest weak weaker weakest new newer newest ([HUFLVH&RPSOHWHWKHWDEOHZLWKSRVLWLYHFRPSDUDWLYHRUVXSHUODWLYHGHJUHHVRI WKHJLYHQDGMHFWLYHV2QHLVGRQHIRU\\RX Positive degree Comparative degree Superlative degree 1) quick quicker quickest 2) _________d_a__rk_________ darkest 3) ________y_o_u__n_g________ ________d__a_r_k_e_r________ 4) poor younger _______y_o_u__n_g_e__st_______ 5) bright ________p_o__o_re__st________ 6) ________s_t_ro_n__g________ ________p__o_o_r_e_r________ _______b__ri_g_h_t_e_s_t_______ ________b_r_ig_h__te__r _______ ________st_r_o_n_g_e__r_______ strongest Exercise 3.3: Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the adjectives given in EUDFNHWV2QHLVGRQHIRU\\RX 1) Praveen is too lazy (lazy) to exercise daily. 2) Rajesh is ___________ta__lle__r__________(tall) than his brother, Rakesh. 3) Amruta likes wearing ___________b__ig____________ (big) earrings with her sarees. 4) May is the _________w_a__rm__e__st_________ (warm) month of the year. Module 5 59

5) This shoe is _________c__le_a__n_e_r_________ (clean) than the other. 6) That is the _________b_r_ig_h__te__st_________ (bright) star in the sky. ([HUFLVH5HZULWHWKHSDUDJUDSKXVLQJWKHFRUUHFWGHJUHHVRIFRPSDULVRQ2QHLV done for you. Salman is a smartest boy. He studies in Class 4. He is the taller boy in his class. He is old than his partner, Ajay, but young than his best friend, Sujata. Tony is a newest student who has joined 6DOPDQ·VFODVV6DOPDQLVWKHKDSSLHUDPRQJDOOWKHVWXGHQWVWRZHOFRPH7RQ\\DVKHLVIULHQGV with Tony. Ans. Salman is a smart boy. He studies in Class 4. He is the tallest boy in his class. He is older than his partner, Ajay, but younger than his best friend, Sujata. Tony is a new student who has MRLQHG6DOPDQ·VFODVV6DOPDQLVWKHhappiest among all the students to welcome Tony, as he is friends with Tony. 60

Formal Writing Summary writing A summaryLVDVKRUWSLHFHRIZULWLQJ,WFRQWDLQVWKHPRVWLPSRUWDQWSRLQWVRIDORQJHUSLHFH of writing. ([HUFLVH5HDGWKHSDVVDJHDQGVXPPDULVHLWLQÀYHOLQHVE\\DQVZHULQJWKH TXHVWLRQV Mani was assigned a big project in his science class. He wanted to do it well, but he did not want to work hard. Mani had two weeks to submit the project. He could have gone KRPHDQGVWDUWHGWKHSURMHFW,QVWHDGKHZHQWWRSOD\\ZLWKKLVIULHQGV When his father asked him to clean his room, Mani happily cleaned it. He did everything other than the project in the next few days. His friend Jishnu asked him about his progress on the project. Mani lied, saying that he had completed it. Suddenly, he realised that the project was due in two days. Mani became anxious. He was too afraid to tell his parents. He rushed to his room and started to work on his project. He was so worried that he could not eat well for the next two days. On the day of the submission, Mani managed to submit his finished project. He was not happy with what he had done. He promised himself that he would begin his tasks on time from then on. Who is the main character? Mani is the main character in the passage. What did they do or say? ,QVWHDGRIZRUNLQJRQWKHSURMHFW0DQLZHQWWRSOD\\ZLWKKLVIULHQGV+HOLHGWRKLVIULHQG that he had finished his project. Module 5 61

What was the problem? Mani had to do a big, science project. He kept delaying working on it, and did everything else instead. When it was time to finish the project, Mani was very worried because he had done nothing yet. How was it solved? Mani had to work very hard and finish his project in two days in haste. How did it end? +HPDQDJHGWRILQLVKWKHSURMHFWEXWZDVQ·WWRRKDSS\\ZLWKKLVZRUN+HSURPLVHG himself to start his tasks on time. Now, write a summary of the passage in the space given below. Mani had to do a big science project. But instead of working on the project, Mani did everything else. He played with his friends, cleaned his room and just kept delaying his work. +HKDGWRILQLVKKLVZRUNLQMXVWWZRGD\\V+HILQLVKHGLWEXWZDVQ·WKDSS\\ZLWKKLVZRUN)LQDOO\\ Mani realised the importance of starting and finishing work on time. 62

Creative Writing Dialogue writing When characters in a story talk to each other directly, the conversation is called a dialogue. ,VQ·WWKLVIXQ <HVPRWKHU, Rohit? wish we could do this every day. Read a dialogue between two friends who are discussing their likes and wishes. One of them loves dogs, and the other loves to dance. Faisal: Hello, Judy! How are you? Judy:,DPILQHWKDQN\\RX+RZDUH\\RX)DLVDO\" Faisal:,DPILQHDVZHOO:KDWGR\\RXOLNHWRGRLQ\\RXUIUHHWLPH-XG\\\" Judy:,ORYHSOD\\LQJZLWKP\\GRJ)RRI\\,ORYHGRJV Faisal:2 K,DPYHU\\VFDUHGRIWKHP:K\\GR\\RXOLNHWKHP\"7KH\\VFUDWFKSHRSOH and bark at them at times. Judy: That is true. But dogs are much more than that. They are great companions. ,WLVQRWYHU\\GLIILFXOWWRWDNHFDUHRIWKHPHLWKHU:KDWDERXW\\RX)DLVDO\" What do you like to do in your free time? Module 5 63

Faisal:: HOO,HQMR\\GDQFLQJ:KHQHYHU,ILQGWKHWLPH,VWDUWGDQFLQJDQG practising new moves. Judy:+RZZRQGHUIXO,ZLVK,FRXOGGDQFHWRR Faisal:2K,FDQWHDFK\\RXDIHZGDQFHPRYHV7KH\\DUHYHU\\HDV\\ Judy: All right, thank you! ([HUFLVH:ULWHDGLDORJXHEHWZHHQDVLVWHUDQGKHU\\RXQJHUEURWKHUDERXWKLVÀUVW day of school. He is nervous about going to a new school. Include the advice that his sister gives him. Use the hints to help you write. Hints: Give names to the Think about the situation characters. to identify the points to include in the dialogue. ,GHQWLI\\WKHPDLQSRLQWV Ensure that there is that each character will a logical flow in the speak about. dialogue. Manish:5DFKQDGLGL,GRQ·WZDQWWRJRWRVFKRRO ,ZDQWWRstay at home and play. 64

Rachna: School is a lot of fun, Manish! You will make friends, learn new things and play a lot too. Manish:5HDOO\\\",WKRXJKWVFKRROZDVDVFDU\\SODFH Rachna:6FKRROLVQ WVFDU\\RQFH\\RXPDNHIULHQGVDQG know your teachers. There are so many fun things to do there too! Manish::KDWNLQGRILQWHUHVWLQJWKLQJV\"&DQ W,GR these things at home? Rachna: You will learn new things, play games and do art and craft activities. There are also school trips and Sports Days which are so much fun! Module 5 65

Transcript for listen and answer Module 5 Listen to this conversation between a woman and a policeman and answer the questions given. Police Officer: I understand you had a theft tonight. Could you tell me everything that happened? Mrs Shastri: Yes, of course. I was sleeping and I heard a loud noise in the kitchen. Police Officer: And what did you do? Mrs Shastri: I got up and went downstairs very quietly. Then I saw a man going out of the window. Police Officer: Can you describe the thief? Mrs Shastri: Sure. He had dark hair and a medium build. I couldn't see his face welt but he was wearing a blue shirt. Police Officer: Did he steal anything? Mrs Shastri: Well, it was very bizarre. Police Officer: What do you mean? Mrs Shastri: He knocked down the refrigerator and stole all the food!

Module 6 Section Name What I Will Learn Dictation Sentence dictation Vocabulary Listen and answer Grammar Using a dictionary Formal Writing Creative Writing Articles Persuasive writing Story review Dictation Exercise 1.1: Sentence dictation 1) Disposable plastic harm our surroundings. 2) Let creativity and imagination take you on many adventures. 3) Enquire into society's needs and donate generously. 4) Plasticine and acrylic paint seals things permanently. 5) I reused my old bottle to make a flowerpot. 6666

Exercise 1.2: Listen and answer [b] 1) For how long should you wash your hands? a) for five minutes b) till the count of 20 c) for three minutes d) till the count of five 2) Why shouldn’t we share water bottles? [a] a) Germs may spread. b) Water differs from house to house. c) Some water bottles are not clean. d) Water bottles can break. 3) What should you do when you have fever? [c] a) go outdoors b) play with friends c) stay at home d) eat junk food 4) Why should we eat fruits and vegetables in plenty? [a] a) They boost our immune system. b) They make us sick. c) They weaken our immune system. d) They are cheap. 5) For how many hours should we sleep every day? [d] a) six hours b) two hours c) seven hours d) eight hours RP Vocabulary Q Using a dictionary A dictionary is a book that lists words and their meanings in alphabetical order. We use dictionaries to search for the meanings of words, their spellings, pronunciations and other such information. Nowadays, we also have online dictionaries. They are very simple a dictionary to use. We just need to type the word that we are searching for and read its meaning. Online dictionaries also give example sentences. We can even listen to the pronunciation of difficult words using online dictionaries. Module 6 67

Look at a page from an online dictionary. ([HUFLVH8VHDSK\\VLFDOGLFWLRQDU\\WRÀQGWKHPHDQLQJVRIWKHÀUVWWKUHHZRUGV 7KHQXVHDQRQOLQHGLFWLRQDU\\WRÀQGWKHPHDQLQJVRIWKHQH[WWKUHHZRUGV 1) tradition – _th__e_p__a_s_s_in_g__o__n_o__f _c_u_s_t_o_m__s_ 2) theatre – _a_b__u_il_d_i_n_g__in__w__h_ic_h______ o__r _b_e__lie__fs__fr_o_m___g_e_n_e__ra__ti_o_n__t_o_________ p__la__y_s_a_n__d__o_t_h_e_r_d__ra__m_a__ti_c________ g__e_n_e__ra__ti_o_n__________________________ p__e_r_fo__rm__a__n_c_e_s__a_r_e_g__iv_e__n_________ ancient – _v_e_r_y__o_ld________________ 3) audience – __t_h_e__p_e__o_p_l_e__g_a_t_h_e_r_e_d____ 4) ________________________________ _to__s_e_e__o_r__lis_t_e_n__t_o_a__p__la_y__, _c_o_n__c_e_r_t_o_r_a_ ________________________________ _fi_lm__________________________________ camera – _a__d_e__v_ic_e__f_o_r_t_a_k_i_n_g____ p__h_o_t_o_g__ra__p_h_s__o_r_m__a_k_i_n_g__fi_lm__s_o__r __ 5) performance – _a_n__a_c__t _o_f_p__re__se__n_t_in_g__ 6) t_e_l_e_v_i_si_o_n__p_r_o_g_r_a_m__m__e_s___________ a__p__la_y__, _c_o_n_c__e_r_t,_o__r_o_t_h_e_r__fo__rm___o_f_____ e__n_t_e_r_ta__in_m__e_n__t ______________________ (Accept all valid responses.) 68

([HUFLVH6HDUFKIRUWKHIROORZLQJZRUGVLQWKHGLFWLRQDU\\:ULWHWKHLUPHDQLQJVDQG SDUWVRIVSHHFK$OVRPHQWLRQDV\\QRQ\\PIRUHDFKZRUG Word 3DUWRIVSHHFK Meaning Synonym 1) cheerful _____a__d_je__c_t_iv_e______ _h_a__p_p_y__a_n_d__p__o_s_it_iv_e_________ _____h_a__p_p_y_/_j_o_ll_y___ ___________________________ 2) huge _____a__d_je__c_t_iv_e______ _v_e_r_y__b_ig____________________ ______e_n_o_r_m__o_u_s____ ___________________________ ___________________________ 3) amusing _____a__d_je__c_t_iv_e______ _s_o_m__e_o__n_e__o_r_s_o_m__e_t_h_i_n_g_____ ________fu__n_n_y______ _t_h_a_t_m__a__k_e_s_o__n_e__la_u__g_h__o_r___ _s_m__ile_______________________ 4) swiftly ______a__d_v_e_r_b_______ ___________________________ _________fa__st_______ _a_t__h_ig__h_s_p_e__e_d______________ ___________________________ 5) scent _______n__o_u_n________ _a__d_i_st_in__c_t_iv_e__s_m__e_ll_, _________ ______p__e_r_fu_m__e_____ _e_s_p_e__c_ia__ll_y_o_n__e__th_a__t_is_______ _p_l_e_a_s_a__n_t__________________ 6) gift _______n__o_u_n________ _a__t_h_in_g__g__iv_e_n__t_o__s_o_m__e_o_n__e__ _______p_r_e_s_e_n_t_____ _w__it_h_o_u_t__a_s_k_in_g__f_o_r__________ (Accept all valid responses.) _p_a__y_m__e_n_t__________________ Grammar $UWLFOHV Tick 'yes' or 'no'. Can we say the following? 1) a man 9 Yes No 2) an apples Yes 9 No 3) an tree 9 No 4) a octopus Yes 9 No 5) the oranges Yes 6) an egg 9 Yes 9 Yes No No Module 6 69

Remember The words ‘a’, ‘an’ and ‘the’ are called articles. ʇ ‘A’ and ‘an’ are called LQGHILQLWHDUWLFOHV. These are used depending on the first sound of a word. ‡,IWKHILUVWOHWWHURIDZRUGPDNHVDFRQVRQDQWVRXQGWKHDUWLFOH¶D·LVXVHGEHIRUHWKH word. ‡,IWKHILUVWOHWWHURIDZRUGPDNHVDYRZHOVRXQGWKHDUWLFOH¶DQ·LVXVHGEHIRUHLW a boy, an apple, a girl an egg Remember Remember that the first ‘sound’ and not the first ‘letter’ should be considered. ([DPSOH,WLVan honour to meet you. We say ‘an’ honour even though the first letter in honour is ‘h’, which is a consonant. This is because while pronouncing this word, ‘h’ is silent and we pronounce the word as ‘aunur’. The same goes for words like ‘uniform’ or ‘unicorn’. We use the article ‘a’ before them as the first sound in these words is /y/ even though the first letters are vowels. ʇ¶ 7KH·LVFDOOHGWKHGHÀQLWHDUWLFOH,WLVXVHGWR ‡UHIHUWRDVSHFLILFRUSDUWLFXODUQRXQRUVRPHWKLQJWKDWKDVDOUHDG\\EHHQWDONHGDERXW ‡UHIHUWRVRPHWKLQJWKDWLVWKHRQO\\RQHRILWVNLQG ‡UHIHUWRQDPHVRIULYHUVPRXQWDLQVVHDVDQGVRRQ 70

The thief who stole The Sun is The Alps are the the diamonds has shining highest mountain not been caught. brightly. range in Europe. ([HUFLVH)LOOLQWKHEODQNVZLWKWKHFRUUHFWDUWLFOHV2QHLVGRQHIRU\\RX 1) Mohini is a doctor.  ,ZDVERUQRQBBBBBBBaBBBBBBB:HGQHVGD\\ 3) Paul eats ______a__n______ egg every day. 4) ______T_h_e______ Sun rises in the East. 5) ______A__n______ apple a day keeps the doctor away.  ,ZDQWBBBBBBtBhBeBBBBBBUHGDSSOHZKLFKLVNHSWRQWKHWDEOH Exercise 3.2: The articles ‘a’, ‘an’ and ‘the’ have been used incorrectly at six places in the paragraph given below. Correct the errors and rewrite the paragraph. One is done IRU\\RX /RQJDJRWKHPDQKDGDQJRRVH,WODLGDQJROGHQHJJHYHU\\GD\\ A man would sell it and spend the money happily. But he became greedy. He wanted all the eggs at the same time. So he killed a goose, cut it open and looked for eggs. He searched for a hour. But there were no golden eggs inside. He was sad and angry with himself for his foolishness. $QV Long ago, a man had aJRRVH,WODLGa golden egg every day. The man would sell it and spend the money happily. But he became greedy. He wanted all the eggs at the same time. So he killed the goose, cut it open and looked for eggs. He searched for an hour. But there were no golden eggs inside. He was sad and angry with himself for his foolishness. Module 6 71

Pronouncing ‘the’ Remember ‡ :HSURQRXQFH¶WKH·DVthe when the next word starts with a consonant sound. ‡ :HSURQRXQFH¶WKH·DVthee when the next word starts with a vowel sound. Let us look at the given examples. We write Vowel sound We pronounce the apple a ‘thee’ apple the elephant e the ice cream i ‘thee’ elephant the orange o ‘thee’ ice cream the umbrella u ‘thee’ orange ‘thee’ umbrella Exercise 3.3: Read the sentences given below. Write whether the article ‘the’ is SURQRXQFHGDV¶WKH·RU¶WKHH·LQHDFKVHQWHQFH2QHLVGRQHIRU\\RX 1) The principal of this school is Mrs Dias. – the 2) Do you know the directions to his house? – _th_e________________ 3) Shyam goes to the orphanage every Sunday. – _th_e__e______________ 4) He is the honest boy who returned my purse. – _th_e__e______________ 5) The floor of this kitchen is very dirty. – _th_e________________ 6) Please keep the umbrella outside. – _th_e__e______________ Zero article Articles are not always necessary. There are times when we do not need to add an article EHIRUHVRPHQRXQV,QVXFKFDVHVWKHWHUPzero article is used. Let us look at a few examples where no articles are needed. 72

We do not use articles while saying ‡ ,KDWHFRIIHH. general things about plural and ‡ ,ORYHURFNmusic. uncountable nouns. ‡ ,DPDIUDLGRIheights. ‡ Creativity and patience are important for We do not use articles before abstract nouns. anyone who wants to be an artist. ‡ 0\\PRWKHUJLYHVJRRGadvice. We do not use articles before names ‡ Bhavna is from Switzerland. of people, countries, towns, subjects, ‡ Satyam can speak French. languages or proper nouns. ‡ Zayed is studying Biology. ([HUFLVH&RPSOHWHWKHSDUDJUDSKE\\ÀOOLQJLQWKHEODQNVZLWKWKHFRUUHFWDUWLFOHV :ULWH¶·]HURZKHUHQRDUWLFOHVDUHQHHGHG2QHLVGRQHIRU\\RX Zafar lives on a farm. He helps his parents by doing _________0_________ important tasks on ________t_h_e________ farm. He feeds ________t_h_e________ chickens and the other farm animals. He listens to _________0_________ music when he feeds ________th__e________ animals. Formal Writing Persuasive writing The Diwali holidays start from tomorrow. Your teacher wants to give you homework. Think and tell Give three reasons to convince your teacher not to give you holiday homework. Try your best to come up with good and logical arguments to convince him or her. Module 6 73

‡ :KHQ\\RXVKDUH\\RXUWKRXJKWVWRPDNHRWKHUVDJUHHZLWKVRPHWKLQJ\\RXWKLQNLWLV called persuasion. You persuade people to agree with you. ‡ 0 DQ\\ZULWLQJVVXFKDVQHZVSDSHUVHVVD\\VVSHHFKHVDQGDGYHUWLVHPHQWVWU\\GLIIHUHQW ways to persuade readers. Here are some samples of persuasive writing. cawlocsaimuoli‘lfrCdemeay.ovottfGhtoezureeerritvaesasmeslr’ebeeoieltsesspaltemoetranpy.titrnYoegosdsuoae'nlysl !fyaeoeul Sleeping late might not seem harmful right now. But, it will cause damage in the future. You will end up always feeling tired if you sleep late but KDYHWRZDNHXSHDUO\\,W might lead to you being late as well. Think about your health and sleep early so that you can wake up refreshed! Exercise 4: Write a persuasive note to your mother, stating why you should be allowed WRGHOD\\\\RXUEHGWLPHE\\DQKRXUDQGZDWFK\\RXUIDYRXULWH79VKRZ Dear Mother, ,DPZULWLQJWRDVNLI,FDQJRWREHGDQKRXUODWHUVRWKDW,FDQZDWFK¶:DWHU5XOHV·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

Creative Writing Story review A review of a story explains its strong and weak points. This helps the readers to decide whether or not they should read the story. Introduction $QDO\\VLV ‡ :KDWLVWKHWLWOHRIWKH ‡ : KDWZHUH\\RXUPRVW story? Who is its author? favourite and least favourite parts of the ‡ : KDWW\\SHRIVWRU\\LVLW\" story? Summary Steps to write a Conclusion story review ‡ What was the story about? ‡ + RZGLG\\RXIHHODERXW the ending? ‡ W ho were the main characters, and what ‡ : K\\GR\\RXIHHOWKLV happened to them? way? Let us read a sample review of a story from your textbook. You can read the complete story in the lesson 'The Peaceful Warrior'. 'The Peaceful Warrior' is an old Japanese folk tale. It is about a warrior who kills his master and runs off to a village far away. There, the warrior begins to build a mountain road. This road would help the villagers connect with the rest of the world. After a few years, the dead master's son comes searching for the warrior. He wants to kill him and take revenge for his father's murder. However, he waits for the warrior to finish building the road. At the end, the son decides not to kill the warrior as he likes the fact that he was working hard for the good of the people. My favourite part of the story was its ending. It teaches us that we can learn from everyone, even our enemies. The story was very interesting and exciting to read. It also taught me the importance of forgiveness. If we want to be peaceful and happy, we must forgive others. Module 6 75

([HUFLVH$QVZHUWKHTXHVWLRQVWRZULWHDVWRU\\UHYLHZEDVHGRQDVWRU\\WKDW\\RX have read. Story title Where did the story take place? How the Grinch Stole Christmas! by Dr The story took place in the mountains and Seuss a village called Who-ville. Who were the characters? Did you like them? 'LGWKHFKDUDFWHUVIDFHDQ\\SUREOHPV\" The main characters of the story were What were they? The Grinch did not like Christmas at all. He the Grinch, his dog, Cindy Lou Who and wanted to stop Christmas from coming, so SHRSOHRI:KRYLOOH,ORYHGWKHFKDUDFWHU he went to each house in Who-ville and of the Grinch. Although he did something stole all the Christmas trees, food, gifts and PHDQ,DOVRWKRXJKWWKHUHZDVVRPHWKLQJ decorations. He took all the goodies in his funny about him. big cart to his home in the mountains. The people of Who-ville were left with nothing to celebrate Christmas with. How were the problems solved? How does Did you like the story? Why or why not? the story end? ,OLNHGWKHVWRU\\YHU\\PXFK0\\IDYRXULWH When the Grinch is about to throw his cart off the mountains, he hears some voices. part of the story was the ending where The people of Who-Ville are singing and the Grinch goes back and returns all the celebrating even when they have nothing. &KULVWPDVJRRGLHV,DOVROLNHGWKHWKRXJKW He realises that Christmas is about love that the most important thing is that we and sharing and not about material things. love and care for each other. So the Grinch has a change of heart and decides to return everything. How much did you like the story? 76

Transcript for listen and answer Module 6 Do you maintain good hygiene? Follow these tips and you might score a perfect attendance record this year! 1) Wash your hands with soap and water after you sneeze, cough, or use the bathroom. Count to 20 or sing a couple of rounds of ‘ Row, Row, Row Your Boat’ while you scrub! Use a hand sanitiser if soap and water aren't available. 2) Use a tissue when you need to sneeze or cough. 3) Don't share water bottles or drinks. Your friend might not know they are sick and spread germs to you. 4) Stay home from school sports practice, and parties if you feel sick or have a fever. 5) Eat lots of fruits and vegetables. A healthy diet can help boost your immune system and help you fight off illnesses before they make you sick! 6) Sleep eight or more hours every night. A strong body will help you get rid of infections. 7) Get some fresh air and exercise every day. Outside air often carries fewer germs than regular inside air.

Module 7 Page 77 Section Name What I Will Learn Dictation Word dictation Vocabulary Listen and answer Grammar Formal Writing Use of ‘to’, ‘two’ and ‘too’ Verbs Subject-verb agreement Persuasive writing Creative Writing Travel writing *Note to teacher: Please do not dictate the sample answers provided for the Writing sections to the learners. They are meant to help learners generate ideas. Dictation Exercise 1.1: Word dictation 1) pound 2) elegant 3) shilling 4) mince 5) edge 6) tarried 9) raven 7) civil 8) curiosity 1

Exercise 1.2: Listen and answer b) to ascend bodily into heaven [b] d) to get godly powers [a] 1) What did Trishanku desire? a) wealth [b] c) to reach hell when he died [a] [d] 2) Why did Sage Vishwamitra decide to fulfil Trishanku’s desire? a) for the good turn he had done Vishwamitra b) to get praises c) so that he would be worshipped d) to make him stop praying to Vishnu 3) What did Indra do to Trishanku? b) threw him down from heaven a) made Trishanku sit next to him d) made him ascend to heaven c) covered him with flowers 4) What did Vishwamitra do to keep Trishanku from falling down? a) propped him up with a long pole b) placed a big cloth mid-air c) propped him up with a sword d) raised his hand and caught him Page 78 5) Which part of the coconut, according to the story, is Trishanku’s beard? a) the husk b) the inner part c) the nut d) the fibre RP Vocabulary Q Use of ‘to’, ‘two’ and ‘too’ The words ‘to’, ‘two’ and ‘too’ sound exactly the same but have very different meanings. To: It is a preposition that expresses direction or shows a particular condition. Examples: ‡ +HZHQWto the market yesterday. ‡ 5LWDOLNHVto eat laddoos. 2

Page 79 Two: It is the number name of 2. Examples: ‡ &KDQGDKDVHDWHQ two biscuits today. ‡ Two of his friends were laughing loudly. Too: It means ‘also’ or ‘much more or less than needed’. Examples: ‡ 1HKDORYHVFKRFRODWHVDQG,ORYHWKHPtoo. ‡ 7KLVKRXVHLVtoo large for us. Exercise 2.1: Colour the circles with the correct options and complete the sentences. 1) I was invited to a party, and my sister was to two too . 2) Zaheer saw to two too lovely roses bloom in his garden.  5RPLODKDG to tw o tooPHHW6K\\DPLQWKHPRUQLQJ 4) Climb to two too the top, and wave the flag.  +HKDVHDWHQ to two tooPXFKWKLVWLPH  +LVIDWKHUFDPHKRPHDQGJDYHKLP to two tooRUDQJHV Exercise 2.2: In the following sentences, the underlined words have been used incorrectly. Rewrite the sentences using the correct words. 1) My mother went two Shillong last month. Ans. _M_y__m__o_t_h_e_r__w_e__n_t_t_o__S_h_il_lo_n__g_l_a_s_t_m__o_n__th__. ______________________ ____________________________________________________________  5DYLOLNHVtoo come back home early from office. Ans. _5_D_Y_L_O_LN_H_V__WR__F__R_P__H__E_D_F__N_K_R__P__H_H__D_U_O\\__IU_R_P___R_I_IL_F_H_______________________________________ 3) To of those apples are ripe and juicy. Please give me both. Ans. _Tw__o__o_f_t_h_o__se__a__p_p_l_e_s_a__re__r_ip__e__a_n_d__ju__ic_y_.__P_le_a__s_e_g__iv_e__m__e__b_o__th_.__________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ Module 7 3

0DU\\KDWHVQXUVHU\\UK\\PHV+HUVLVWHU-DQHKDWHVWKHPto. Ans. _0_D__U\\__K_D__WH__V_Q_X_U_V_H_U_\\_U_K_\\_P__H_V__+__H_U_V_LV_W_H_U__-_D_Q_H___K_D_W_H_V__WK_H__P__W_R_R____________________________  5D]D·VIDWKHUEURXJKWtoo beautiful vases from his shop. One was blue, and the other was red. Ans. _5_D_]_D_ _V_I_D_W_K_H_U_E__UR__X_J_K__W_WZ__R__E_H__D_X_W_LI_X_O_Y_D__VH__V_I_UR__P__K_L_V_V_K_R_S___2_Q__H_Z__D__V_E_O_X_H__D__Q_G__WK__H__R_WK__H_U_ _ _w_a__s_r_e_d_.____________________________________________________________________________ 6) We took a trip to Ladakh; we visited Kashmir two. Ans. _W__e_t_o_o__k_a__t_ri_p__to__L_a__d_a_k_h__; _w_e__v_i_si_t_e_d__K_a_s_h_m__i_r _to__o_._____________________________________ Grammar Verbs and helping verbs In the previous classes, we have learnt about main verbs and helping verbs. Page 80 Underline the main verbs and circle the helping verbs in the sentences given below. 1) Do you know my name? 2) She is doing her best. 3) We are going to the market. 4) I am making eggs for dinner. Remember ‡ Verbs are action words. They show the action that the noun does or the state of being of the noun. Examples: a) Corla cooks very well. b) Subhash lives in Assam. ‡ Helping verbs do not show any action but help the main verb to complete its meaning. 7KH\\DOVRDGGGHWDLORUVKRZWKHVWDWHRIEHLQJRIWKHQRXQ+HOSLQJYHUEVDUHDOVR called auxiliary verbs. Examples: a) We were going to the park. b) There is a forest here. 4

Modal verbs (ability and permission) 5HDGWKHIROORZLQJVHQWHQFHV May I use your phone, Could my sister come along I can swim for an hour, but please? too? my brother cannot. Page 81 Observe the use of ‘may’, ‘could’, ‘can’ and ‘cannot’ in these sentences. They are used by speakers to ask for permission or to show ability. The word ‘cannot’ shows a lack of ability to do something. These words are called modal verbs. What are modal verbs? Modal verbs, or helping verbs, give additional information about the main verbs that follow them. Let us learn about the modal verbs that show ability and are used to ask for permission. Modal verbs of ability can (ability in Positive Negative Question the present) I can play the guitar 5HHPDcannot play Can you speak very well. table tennis. Spanish? could (ability in Gina could walk Megha could not Could you read or the past) when she was just write until she was write before you eleven months old. seven. were six? Module 7 5

Modal verbs for permission (more formal) may Asking for Giving could (polite) permission permission might (extremely May I borrow your book? You may borrow my book. formal) Could I take a leave tomorrow? – – Might I give an idea? Modal verbs for permission (less formal) Asking for Giving permission permission can Can I watch the play tonight? You can watch the play. Page 82 Note: To use a modal verb in its negative form, add ‘not’ between the modal verb and the main verb. ([DPSOHV ‡  <RXPD\\not leave early today. ‡ 6KHcannot ride a bicycle. Exercise 3.1: Choose the correct modal verbs for the given sentences. One is done for you. 1) I cannot pick up this 2) __________C_a__n_________ I ask 3) When I was a child, I box; it is very heavy. a question, please? _________c_o_u__ld_________ (less formal) do a headstand. a) cannot b) may not a) Could a) can c) might not b) Can b) could c) May c) may 6

4) _________M__ig__h_t________ + HBBBBBBBcBoBuBBldBBnBoBBt BBBBBB 6) You __________c_a_n__________ I leave early? (extremely formal) VSHDNIOXHQWO\\LQ+LQGLZKHQKH go home if you like. came here two years ago. (less formal) a) Can a) cannot a) can b) Might b) could not b) might c) Could c) may not c) may Exercise 3.2: Choose the appropriate modal verbs for the following sentences from the words given below. One is done for you. Page 83 could can may might couldn’t cannot 1) I cannot hear you. The room is very noisy. 2) ________C__a_n_________ you do a headstand? My sister has learnt yoga for five years, and she is very good at it. 3) We _______F_R_X_O_G_Q_ _W______ meet the author at the bookstore. There was too much rush. 4) ________M__a__y________ we borrow your pens? (more formal) 5) ________M_i_g_h_t________ I take a leave tomorrow? (extremely formal) 6) When I was younger, I _________c__o_u_l_d_________ run for three hours continuously. Module 7 7

Subject-verb agreement A sentence is made up of three parts. Sentence Subject Verb Object It is what or whom the sentence is It is the action that It is the thing or the person who about; it is somebody or something the subject does. is acted upon or receives the who/that does the action. action. 1RZUHDGWKHIROORZLQJVHQWHQFHV ‡ +HFRRNGLQQHUIRUKLVIDPLO\\ ‡ 7KHJLUOVZDONVWRFROOHJHHYHU\\GD\\ ‡ <RXUVLVWHUWDONDORWIRUKHUDJH ‡ 7KHFKLOGUHQVZLPVZHOO Page 84 You will notice that all these sentences seem odd. They just do not sound correct! Identify the subjects and verbs in these sentences. You will find that they do not go together. Remember ‡ ,QDFRUUHFWDQGPHDQLQJIXOVHQWHQFHWKHVXEMHFWVKRXOGEHLQOLQHZLWKWKHYHUE7KLV means that the subject and the verb should agree. ‡ 7KLVLVNQRZQDVsubject-verb agreement. Rules of subject-verb agreement Rule 1 A singular subject takes a singular verb, while a plural subject takes a plural verb. Examples: ‡ The boy throws a ball. ‡ The boys throw a ball. 8

Rule 2 Two singular subjects connected by ‘or’, ‘either... or’ or ‘neither... nor’ require a singular verb. However, if one of the two subjects is plural and is closer to the main verb than the singular subject, then the verb will be plural. Examples: ‡ Either my brother or sister has made the bed. ‡ 0\\XQFOHor aunt is arriving today. ‡ Neither Mary nor her children want to go to the park. Page 85 Rule 3 Use a plural verb with two or more subjects connected by ‘and’. Examples: ‡ .DELUand these children are friends. ‡ 0HKHUand Mihir go to school together. Remember ‡ :HDGG¶V·WRPDNHQRXQVSOXUDODQGUHPRYHWKH¶V·WRPDNHWKHPVLQJXODU+RZHYHU with verbs, it is the opposite. With verbs, we need to add ‘-s’ to make them singular and remove the ‘-s’ to make them plural. ‡ 8VHWKHKHOSLQJYHUEV¶is’, ‘does’ and ‘has’ with singular nouns. ‡ 8VHWKHKHOSLQJYHUEV¶are’, ‘do’ and ‘have’ with plural nouns. Module 7 9

Let us now correct the sentences we read earlier. 8+ HFRRNGLQQHUIRUKLVIDPLO\\ 9+ HFRRNVGLQQHUIRUKLVIDPLO\\ ¶ +H·LVDVLQJXODUVXEMHFWVRWKHVLQJXODUYHUE¶FRRNV· should be used. 8 Your sister talk a lot for her age. 9 Your sister talks a lot for her age. Again, ‘sister’ is a singular subject that goes with the singular verb ‘talks’. 8 The girls walks to college 9 The girls walk to college every day. every day. 8 The children swims well. ‘Girls’ is a plural subject, while ‘walks’ is a singular verb. To correct the sentence, we should use ‘walk’, which is a plural verb. 9 The children swim well. Page 86 Again, ‘children’ is a plural subject, so we should XVH VZLP ZKLFKLVWKHSOXUDOIRUPRIWKHVLQJXODU verb ‘swims’. ([HUFLVH&KRRVHWKHFRUUHFWIRUPVRIWKHYHUEVIURPWKHJLYHQRSWLRQVDQGÀOOLQ the blanks. One is done for you. 1) My friend Mohit talks a lot. (talk/talks) 2) The old woman and the old man ____________l_o_o_k____________ (looks/look) healthy. 3) Either the girl or the boy ____________r_id__e_s___________ (rides/ride) this cycle. 4) My neighbour ____________d_r_iv_e__s__________ (drives/drive) a taxi. 5) The athletes _____________r_u_n____________ (runs/run) five kilometres every day. 10

Page 87  1HLWKHUP\\PRWKHUQRUP\\DXQWVBBBBBBBBhBaBBvBeBBcBoBmBBeBBBBBBBBBKDYHFRPHKDVFRPH home yet. Exercise 3.4: Rewrite the sentences so that the subjects and verbs agree. One is done for you. 1) The wheels of the bus goes round and round. Ans. The wheels of the bus go round and round. 2) The dog and the cat eats a lot of food. Ans. The dog and the cat eat a lot of food. 3) The elephants or the monkeys takes the bananas. Ans. The elephants or the monkeys take the bananas. 4) I likes drawing. Ans. I like drawing.  1HLWKHU6XUHVKQRU0DULDOLNHWRVLQJ Ans. 1HLWKHU6XUHVKQRU0DULDOLNHVWRVLQJ 6) A bag and a book is lying on the floor. Ans. A bag and a book are lying on the floor. Module 7 11

Formal Writing Persuasive writing Imagine that a fair is happening in your school. You are going to sell something at the fair. Choose your product and think of four reasons you will give to the visitors to make them buy it. Draw what you will sell here. 1) B__o_o_k_m__a_r_k_s_w__il_l _h_e_l_p____ 2) _Y_o_u__c_a__n_a__v_o_i_d_f_o_l_d_i_n_g_ y__o_u__fi_n_d__th__e__p_a_g__e_____ _p_a_g__e_s_._T_h_is__w_i_ll_k_e_e__p___ e__a_s_il_y_. ________________ _th__e_p__a_g_e__s_s_a_f_e_._______ Page 88 3) T_h_e__re__a_r_e_m__a_n__y_b_e__a_u_t_ifu_l 4) _T_h_e_y__a_r_e_n__o_t_v_e__ry______ b__o_o_k_m__a_r_k_s._Y_o__u_c_a__n_p__ic_k _e_x_p_e__n_s_iv_e__a_n__d_e__a_s_y___ a__n_y_d__e_s_ig_n_.____________ _to__m__a_i_n_t_a_i_n_. __________ Look at the ads given below. Observe the message they are trying to convey. Pay attention to the pictures and slogans used. Stuff it. Zip it. Go! Makcoeleovuerrfyuld!ay 12

youSjuocasyntu'otmnhea! ve Page 89 Advertisements are excellent examples of persuasive writing. They show how one can convince people about a product or idea. There is very little space in an advertisement. Too many reasons cannot be given to convince the audience. It is mainly the attractive pictures along with catchy sentences that convince people to buy the product or service. Exercise 4: Create an advertisement to sell homemade chocolate chip biscuits. Fill in the planning sheet to complete the activity. Draw attractive pictures and include a VORJDQLQ\\RXUDGYHUWLVHPHQW&RORXULWRQFH\\RXÀQLVK What is the product? 1 +RPHPDGHFKRFRODWHFKLSELVFXLWV Who is it for? 2 People of all age groups Module 7 13

Why do you think people 3 should buy your product? It is homemade, delicious and healthy, and made with good ingredients. It is also not very expensive. What slogan can you use to sell the product? 4 +DSS\\KHDUWDQGKDSS\\WXPP\\ Page 90 What pictures can you use? 5 /HDUQHU VUHVSRQVH 14

/HDUQHU VUHVSRQVH Page 91 Module 7 15

Creative Writing Travel writing Think about all the words that come to your mind when you think of the word ‘travel’. Write them down in the mind map given below. Compare your list of words with that of your classmates. adventure camping camera Page 92 suitcase backpacks packing excited 16 sightseeing

Shikha had visited Goa recently. During the trip, she had written about her experiences in her diary. Let’s read what she had loved on this trip. Page 93 6 February 2019 7 February 2019 We reached Panjim at 11:00 We went to Anjuna beach a.m. It is so pretty! I love how today. there are trees at the sides of all the roads. I visited the flea market of Anjuna. Mummy bought me a Today, we visited Miramar few bangles and shell earrings. beach and the churches of Old I'm wearing them right now! Goa. We even went on a lovely After shopping, we played in boat ride on river Mandovi. the water at Anjuna beach. It Local musicians were playing was great fun to splash about lively Goan music on the boat. in the gentle waves. I felt like dancing to the lovely tunes! After playing in the water, we walked barefoot to a beach We ended the day with tasty shack and drank cool iced tea Goan food. I really enjoyed the and lemonade. I had a lot of prawn curry! fun today! Module 7 17