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‘I would like to have your right-hand thumb as my guru dakshina’, Dronacharya declared. Eklavya stood silently, for without his thumb he could never shoot arrows again. But he said ‘Ok Gurudev’, and he gave his thumb to his teacher. The sage was humbled. Dronacharya blessed the young archer for his courage. ‘Eklavya, even without your thumb, you’ll be known as a great archer. I bless you that you will be remembered forever for your devotion to your guru’, said Dronacharya and left the forest. devotion – Adapted from the Mahabharata Let Us Discuss 1) To whom did Eklavya go to learn archery? 2) What did Eklavya do after Dronacharya refused to teach him? 3) What is guru dakshina? 4) How did Dronacharya bless Eklavya? I Understand Meaning Exercise 1: New words Word archery military arts forbidden sincerity dedication rapid succession feat sage devotion The Story of Eklavya 47

Exercise 2: Literature comprehension 1) Who was Eklavya? What did he want to learn? Ans. ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 2) W hy were the teachers of the members of the royal family not allowed to teach anybody else? Ans. ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ____________________________________________________________________________________ ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 3) What did Eklavya do when the dog barked? Ans. ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 4) What did Dronacharya ask as guru dakshina from Eklavya? Why? Ans. ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� Exercise 3: Value-based questions – Judgement and appreciation 1) W hat qualities did Eklavya have? Which one do you think is the most desirable of all? Ans. ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 48

2) Do you think what Dronacharya did was right? Why or why not? Ans. ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ____________________________________________________________________________________ I Speak Story telling India has a huge wealth of folk tales and stories belonging to different epics and cultures. Ask your family to tell you a story from your culture. Take turns and read out or narrate a story in the class. Role play Divide the class into groups. Change the story into a drama and write down the dialogues. You can also add your own dialogues to make the scene more interesting. Each group should then enact the story. Language Game Jumbled words What are the qualities of a good student? Unscramble the words to find out. Jumbled word Actual word VSUNIQITIEI EODTDEV DIPINDEICSL LUATPUNC BDENEITO The Story of Eklavya 49

Connect the Dots Maths Fun Eklavya learnt archery for 3 years and 3 months. Arjuna learnt it for 7 years and 2 months. What is the difference between the training periods of Arjuna and Eklavya? Social Studies Fun Archery is the national sport of Bhutan. As Bhutan is a Buddhist nation, archery can only be used for recreational purposes there. A Note to Parent The story of Eklavya has been taken from the epic Mahabharata. Tell your child stories from your culture so that they stay in touch with their rich heritage. 50

Lesson Little Women 8 Let Us Start Listen and say aloud lecturing Words cologne shrieking frantically exclaimed despairing groan melodramatic Warm Up • Is your family small or large? Tell your class about your family. • If you were to gift something to your family members, what would you give and why? Let us read an excerpt from the famous novel Little Women about four sisters and their plans to buy gifts for their mother. 51

I Read This is the story of four sisters Meg, Jo, Beth and Amy. Their father is away fighting the war, and they live with their mother. Christmas is around the corner, and they are planning to buy gifts for their mother and practising for a play on Christmas Eve. The clock struck six, and Beth put a pair of slippers down to warm. Mother was coming, and everyone brightened to welcome her. Meg stopped lecturing, and lighted the lamp; Amy got out of the easy chair without being asked; Jo forgot how tired she was as she sat up to hold the slippers nearer to the blaze. ‘They are quite worn out. Mother must have a new pair’, said Jo. ‘I thought I’d get her some with my dollar’, said Beth. ‘No, I shall!’ cried Amy. ‘I’m the oldest’, began Meg, but Jo cut in with ‘I’m the man of the family now that Papa is away, and I shall provide the slippers, for he told me to take special care of Mother while he was gone.’ ‘I’ll tell you what we’ll do’, said Beth, ‘let’s each get her something for Christmas, and not get anything for ourselves.’ ‘That’s like you, dear! What will we get?’ exclaimed Jo. Everyone thought for a minute, and then Meg announced, ‘I shall give her a nice pair of gloves.’ ‘Army shoes, best to be had’, cried Jo. ‘A few handkerchiefs, all hemmed’, said Beth. hemmed ‘I’ll get a little bottle of cologne. She likes it, and it won’t cologne cost much, so I’ll have some left to buy my pencils’, added Amy. ‘How will we give the things?’ asked Meg. ‘Put them on the table, and bring her in and see her open the bundles. Don’t you remember how we used to do so on our birthdays?’ answered Jo. ‘I used to be so frightened when it was my turn to sit in the chair and see toasting you all come marching round to give the presents with a kiss. I liked the things and the kisses, but it was dreadful to have you sit looking at me while I opened the bundles’, said Beth, who was toasting her face and the bread for tea at the same time. 52

‘Let Mother think we are getting things for ourselves, and then we'll surprise her. We must go shopping tomorrow afternoon, Meg. There is so much to do about the play for Christmas night’, said Jo. ‘I don’t mean to act any more after this time. I’m getting too old for such things’, observed Meg. ‘You won’t stop, I know, as long as you can trail round in a white gown with poker your hair down, and wear gold-paper jewellery. You are the best actress we’ve got, and there’ll be an end of everything if you quit’, said Jo. ‘We ought to rehearse tonight. Come here, Amy, and do the fainting scene, for you are as stiff as a poker in that.’ ‘I can’t help it. I never saw anyone faint, and I don’t choose to make myself all black and blue, tumbling flat as you do. If I can go down easily, I’ll drop. If I can’t, I shall fall into a chair and be graceful’, returned Amy, who was chosen because she was small enough to be borne out shrieking by the villain of the piece. ‘Do it this way. Clasp your hands so and stagger across the room, crying frantically, “Save me! Save me!”’, and away went Jo, with a melodramatic scream that was truly thrilling. Amy followed, but she poked her hands out stiffly before her and jerked clasp herself along as if she went by machinery. Jo gave a despairing groan, Meg laughed outright, and Beth let her bread burn as she watched the fun with interest. – Adapted from Little Women by Louisa May Alcott Let Us Discuss 1) What was Beth going to gift Mother? 2) What did Amy want to do with the money she would be left with? 3) How is Amy in the fainting scene according to Jo? 4) Who did Jo say was the best actress they had? Little Women 53

I Understand Meaning Exercise 1: New words Word lecturing blaze hemmed cologne toasting quit poker black and blue borne out shrieking clasp stagger frantically melodramatic jerked despairing groan I Speak Role play Let us continue with the story. Divide your class into groups of five. Imagine the scene in which the girls are giving gifts to their mother. What would they say? How would they surprise their mother? What would her reaction be like? 54

Each group enacts the scene. The groups can also decide to change the gifts that each sister gives to their mother. Group activity Make groups of five. Create a story map where you mention the title, setting, events and characters of this story. Write a line describing each character. Then, present this information to the rest of the class by taking turns. Your teacher will choose the best presentation with inputs from the rest of the class. Language Game Decode the message! Assign numbers from 1 to 26 for each letter of the English alphabet. Assign numbers in order from 1 to 26. Thus, A is 1, B is 2 and so on. Now, decode a line from the story above by converting the numbers into letters. A B CD E F GH I J K L MNOPQR S T U VWX Y Z ‘____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____, ____ ____ ____ ____ 1 18 13 25 19 8 15 5 19 2 5 19 20 ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____’, ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____. 20 15 2 5 8 1 4 3 18 9 5 4 10 15 Little Women 55

Connect the Dots Social Studies Fun Read the following events in the life of Louisa May Alcott. Arrange the events in the correct order to make a timeline of her life. 1) Alcott worked as a domestic servant and teacher between 1850 and 1862. 2) Alcott died in 1888. 3) Alcott took a brief trip to Europe in 1865. 4) Alcott was born in 1832. Maths Fun Look at the sentences below and say which clocks match the sentences. • The sisters were discussing the gift with their mother at 13:00. • Jo and Beth went shopping at 17:45. • Meg and Amy practised for the play at 21:30. A Note to Parent This story shows the sisters’ love towards their mother. They seem to have a good relationship with each other as well. Encourage your child to have a healthy relationship with other members of the family. Have a family get-together every week, where you spend time with your child. Include all the members of your family. You can watch a movie, play games or let your child help you cook. 56

Lesson The Coromandel 9 Fishers Let Us Start Listen and say aloud Word Rhyming words Word Rhyming words light night call all free drives lives sea, glee Warm Up • Can you think of a few words that are related to the sea? • Have you seen fishers catch fish? What do you think their routine is like? Let us read a poem about the lives of fishers in the Coromandel coast, which is the coastal plain in the eastern part of southern India. 57

I Read Rise, brothers, rise; the wakening skies pray to the morning light, The wind lies asleep in the arms of the dawn like a child that has cried all night. Come, let us gather our nets from the shore and set our wakening catamarans catamarans free, To capture the leaping wealth of the tide, for we are the kings of the sea! No longer delay, let us hasten away in the track of the comrades seagull’s call, hasten The sea is our mother; the cloud is our brother; the waves are our comrades all. W hat though we toss at the fall of the Sun, where the hand of the sea god drives? H e who holds the storm by the hair will hide in his breast our glade lives. S weet is the shade of the coconut glade and the scent of the mango grove, A nd sweet are the sands at the full o’ the Moon with the sound of the voices we love; B ut sweeter, O brothers, the kiss of the spray and the dance of the wild foam’s glee; glee R ow, brothers, row to the edge of the verge, where the low sky mates with the sea. – Sarojini Naidu 58

Let Us Discuss 1) What are catamarans? 2) What is the ‘leaping wealth of the tide’? 3) What do the words ‘hasten’ and ‘comrade’ mean? 4) What relation do the fishers have with the sea, clouds and waves? I Understand Exercise 1: New words Word Meaning coastal wakening catamarans hasten comrades glade glee Exercise 2: Literature comprehension 1) What does the poet compare the wind to? Ans. ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 2) What are the dangers that the fishers face at sea? Ans. ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ____________________________________________________________________________________ The Coromandel Fishers 59

3) What are the ‘sweet things of the land’ that are mentioned in the poem? Ans. ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 4) A ccording to the poem, do the fishers prefer the danger of the sea or the life on the shore? Ans. ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� Exercise 3: Value-based questions – Judgement and appreciation 1) Why do you think the poet calls the fishers the ‘kings of the sea’? Ans. ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 2) Can you guess why the fishers track the seagull’s call? Ans. ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ____________________________________________________________________________________ I Speak Public speaking You need to collect information about one of the following and make a short presentation in front of your class: 60

• This poem is by Sarojini Naidu, who was a freedom fighter and a poet. Find out more about her life and work. • Collect as much information as you can about fishers and their lifestyle. You can even learn a fishers’ song and present it in class. • Do this activity individually or in small groups. Group discussion There are many occupations that are very difficult and involve a lot of effort. Sit in groups of four and discuss any one occupation that you know of. Discuss the difficulties faced by people who choose these occupations. Also, talk about the skills that these occupations need. Share what you discuss as a group with the whole class. Language Game Crossword puzzle Complete this crossword puzzle by filling in words from the poem. The clues will help you. 1 2 DOWN 1. fragrance 4 2. friends 5 3 ACROSS 2. a kind of fishing 6 boat 3. throw up and down 4. early morning 5. happiness 6. a seabird The Coromandel Fishers 61

Connect the Dots Maths Fun Ajay went to the sea with five other fishers. While the others brought back 60 kg of fish each, Ajay caught ¾th of their total catch. How many kg of fish did he bring back? Science Fun Seagulls are a type of seabirds that are sometimes considered to be pests as they are very noisy. Seagulls are one of the rare animals that can drink salt water. They have special glands that remove excess salt from their bodies. A Note to Parent Fishing is one of the main occupations in our country. Discuss the lives of fishers and the dangers that they face every day. Have a discussion with your child about where you get your local produce from and how hard people work to earn their living. 62

S3 Speaking Project Culture of India Some people say that the culture of India is getting adversely affected by western countries. What do you think? Divide your class into two groups. Present your views on the topic in the form of a debate. One group agrees that western countries have adversely influenced Indian culture. The second group thinks that western countries have positively influenced our country. Given below are hints based upon which both the groups can put forward their arguments. Hints: • What forms the culture of our country? What is unique about it? • What aspects fascinate you? • Do you agree that we are getting influenced by western countries? What parts of western culture do you think are affecting us? • Do you think that we can preserve our culture by completely rejecting other cultures? 63

R3 Reading Comprehension Passage 1 Read the passage and answer the questions given below. The history of Chinese tea is a story of gradual refinement. Generations of growers and producers have perfected the Chinese way of manufacturing tea and its many unique variations. The original idea is credited to the legendary Emperor Shennong. His orders required that all drinking water be boiled as a hygienic precaution. A story goes that one summer day, while visiting a distant part of his kingdom, he and the court stopped to rest. In accordance with his ruling, the servants began to boil water for the court to drink. Dried leaves from a nearby bush fell into the boiling water, and a brown substance got infused into the water. As a scientist, the emperor was interested in the new liquid, drank some and found it very refreshing. And so, according to the legend, tea was created in 2737 BC. Tea is an important part of the Chinese tradition. The main varieties of Chinese tea are green tea, red tea (black tea), Wulong tea, white tea, yellow tea and reprocessed tea. (Source: Adapted from http://www.chinahighlights.com/travelguide/chinese-tea/) 1) What happened when the emperor’s servants were boiling water for the court to drink? Ans. ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 2) Which are the main varieties of tea? Ans. ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 3) Fill in the blanks with an appropriate adjective. a) Mohan is very ______________________. He can pick up this heavy chair. 64

b) This red rose is very ______________________. c) He is the ______________________ boy in class. 4) The meaning of 'reprocessed' is _____________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________. 5) Match the words with their correct meanings. Column A Column B 1) gradual a) special 2) refinement b) over a long period of time 3) unique c) improvement Passage 2 Read the passage and answer the questions given below. Once upon a time, a smart city boy was travelling in a train. The only other person in the compartment was a boy who looked like a simpleton. The city boy, Akshay, thought he would have some fun at the other boy’s expense. 'Hi, what is your name?' he asked. 'Ram' was the reply. 'Well, we have a long journey ahead of us. To make it more interesting, I suggest we ask each other questions to while away time', he suggested. 'Alright', said Ram. 'Let’s keep a penalty. If the answer is wrong, the person has to pay ` 50', said Akshay. 'Fair enough! However, you are well educated, knowledgeable and smart, whereas I am a simple village dweller. My penalty should be half of yours', said Ram. Akshay agreed to this condition. Ram suggested that Akshay ask the first question. 'What is the latest technology by which seeds can produce stronger plants?' asked Akshay. 'I don’t know', said Ram and handed ` 25 over. 'Your turn now', said Akshay. 'Why is it that when a handful of seeds are sown, some germinate faster and some don’t germinate at all?' asked Ram. Reading Comprehension 65

Akshay was stumped. He thought for a long time. Finally, he gave up and handed Ram ` 50. 'Tell me the answer', said Akshay, watching Ram put the money into his wallet. 'I don’t know either', answered Ram. – Manjula Shukla 1) Name the two boys in the story. Ans. ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 2) Who ended up with more money in the end? Ans. ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 3) Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verb 'be'. a) My mother ____________________________ cooking dinner. (are/am/is) b) The hammer and nails ____________________________ new. (are/is/am) c) It is very late, and I ____________________________ very tired. (is/am/are) 4) The antonym of 'half' is _____________________________________________________________. 5) Match the words with their correct meanings. Column A Column B 1) stumped a) to begin to grow 2) simpleton b) not knowing the answer to something 3) germinate c) s omeone who is not intelligent and does not have a good sense of judgement 66

Why are we studying this theme? Human beings have the wonderful gift of imagination. With the help of our minds, we can take off into other worlds and make the impossible possible. Writers and poets are very good at expressing their imagination in words. Let us read two stories and a poem and go on flights of fantasy.

Lesson Rip Van Winkle 10 Let Us Start Listen and say aloud Word stress for compound words – nouns Word stress for compound words – adjectives (stress the first syllable) (stress the first syllable of the second word) toothpaste ice cream old-fashioned fifteen-minute football seafood ten-metre six-page Warm Up • Imagine that you sleep one day and wake up 20 years later. How would you feel? • What would the world be like? Share your thoughts. Let us read a story about a man named Rip Van Winkle, who fell asleep in the woods for a very, very long time, and then, one day, when he woke up… 68

I Read Rip Van Winkle was a lazy man who lived in a small Dutch village. He liked to wander through town with his pet dog, Wolf, and tell stories to the children. Rip’s wife, Dame, did not like his laziness and used to shout at him for not doing any work. To escape her shouting, he often went to a nearby inn to relax and exchange stories with his friends. The forest was the only other place where Rip felt safe from his wife’s shouting. inn One wintry afternoon, Rip and Wolf went into the hills, again, to escape Dame’s shouting. They spent the whole day hunting for squirrels, though they did not catch anything. When it was time to return home, they heard a voice calling Rip. They thought it was Dame until they saw a small man dressed in strange clothes. The little man was carrying a heavy drum and asked for Rip’s help. Rip hurried to help him. As Rip and the little man carried the drum, they heard a loud booming sound like thunder. After walking for quite a while, they came to an open field, where Rip saw many little bearded men playing a game called ninepins ‘ninepins’. The noisy game was being played with huge balls that made a booming echoed sound when they hit one another. Rip recognised the sound that he had been hearing all along. The sound of their bowling echoed throughout the mountains. The drum that Rip had helped to carry was filled with a tasty drink, which the small men shared with Rip. After drinking three full glasses, he began to feel sleepy. The Sun had gone down and the noise of the bowling continued, as Rip fell asleep in the moonlight. When Rip woke up, he was surprised! Wolf was gone, Rip’s clothes were tattered and torn, his gun had rusted, and his beard had grown tattered – a foot in length! He looked around to see if he could find the little bearded men, but he could not recognise the place. Rip decided to go home, though he knew he would be scolded by his wife for rusted being careless again! When Rip entered his village, he stopped in surprise. There were many new buildings. The children of the village were curious and gathered around him, whispering. He did not recognise any of them. He went to his own house and found it empty, silent. Rip Van Winkle 69

He called out his wife’s name and the names of his children, but no one answered. The house looked lonely and empty. Now even more confused than before, Rip walked through town to the inn. However, the old inn was gone. There was a bigger, newer inn in its place. Outside the inn, people were gathered around, talking about an election. Rip enquired about his friends. He was told that the inn manager had been dead for eighteen years and that the schoolmaster he knew had moved from the village. Finally, Rip asked if anyone knew who Rip Van Winkle was. A young woman holding a baby stepped forward, saying that Rip was her father and that he’d gone out hunting twenty years ago and never returned. Rip then realised that he had been asleep for twenty years! Rip recognised the young woman as his daughter Judith now grown. He told her that he, in fact, was her father. Rip then told everyone the story of where he had been for the last twenty years. No one believed him. Finally, they called an old, wise man named Peter Vanderdonk, who knew many stories about the village. Peter listened as Rip repeated his tale. He claimed that Rip had met some ghosts. A few of the villagers thought Rip Van Winkle was crazy. But others believed him. Rip Van Winkle went to live with his daughter, Judith, and her family. He began telling stories to the children, just as he used to earlier. And not surprisingly, he told his own story frequently. Occasionally, he would hear thunder in the mountains, but he never went into the forest again. He did not want to lose another twenty years. – Adapted from ‘Rip Van Winkle’ by Washington Irving Let Us Discuss 1) Who was Rip Van Winkle? Where did he live? 2) Why would Rip’s wife scold him? 3) Where did Rip meet the little man? 4) What did the little, bearded man share with Rip? 70

I Understand Exercise 1: New words Word Meaning Dutch wander inn ninepins echoed tattered rusted election enquired Exercise 2: Literature comprehension 1) What kind of person was Rip Van Winkle? What did he like to do? Ans. ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 2) What was strange about the men whom Rip met in the hills? Ans. ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ____________________________________________________________________________________ 3) Nobody recognised Rip when he reached the village. Why? Ans. ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� Rip Van Winkle 71

4) H ow do we know that Rip was asleep for a long time? Support your answer with details from the story. Ans. ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� Exercise 3: Value-based questions – Judgement and appreciation 1) W hy do you think no one believed Rip Van Winkle’s story? Ans. ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 2) Do you believe in ghosts? Why or why not? Ans. ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ____________________________________________________________________________________ I Speak Role play Read the story carefully and write dialogues for different parts. Then, enact the whole story, ensuring that everyone gets a part to play. ABC..., Show and tell What do you think the world will be like 20 years from now? Draw a picture and share your thoughts about the future world with your classmates. 72

Language Game Many words from one How many words can you make from the name RIP VAN WINKLE? You are allowed to repeat the letters. Connect the Dots Maths Fun Rip Van Winkle was asleep for 20 years. If his beard grew by 3 cm every month, how long would his beard be after 20 years? Social Studies Fun The story tells us that Rip Van Winkle lived in a Dutch village. ‘Dutch’ is another word for people from the Netherlands in Europe. The Dutch colonised a few parts of India from 1605 to 1825. They traded in items such as precious stones, indigo, silk and pepper. A Note to Parent Teach your child about the importance of hard work from an early age. Ensure that they help out at home and take responsibility for some of the housework. These little habits add a lot of value when they grow up. Rip Van Winkle 73

Lesson Bina and the Music 11 System Rocket Let Us Start Listen and say aloud Stress for two-syllable words ending in suffixes (stress the first syllable) hopeful quickly sadness useless playing panted passage judgement Warm Up • H ave you ever wondered how it would be to travel through space, gazing at the stars, Sun and Moon? • D o you know the name of any astronaut? Share where you have heard his or her name. Let us read a story about a young girl who dreams about zooming off into space in a rocket. 74

I Read Bina was a young girl who always dreamt of flying to the Moon. One night, she lay down to sleep with her headphones on, and her dream suddenly started coming true! Bina found herself with her brother in a rocket ship. She headphones called out to Rohan, ‘Navigator ready?’ Rohan replied, ‘Navigator ready.’ ‘Mission Control ready?’ Bina enquired through the headset. A voice from navigator Mission Control replied, ‘Mission Control ready. Beginning countdown… ten seconds, nine, eight…’ Bina’s heart began beating faster. ‘Two, one... BLAST-OFF!’ Bina and Rohan were thrown back into their seats. Their rocket ship zoomed off into the sky so fast that everything outside the window was just a blur. In a couple of minutes, the ride felt smooth and quiet. They were now in outer space! blur a rocket ship’s Rohan was at the rear end of the rocket. Bina asked rear end Rohan, ‘What does the Earth look like?’ ‘It looks like a beautiful blue and white ball.’ Rohan asked Bina, ‘Can you see the Moon coming up?’ ‘Yes, I can’, Bina said. ‘I think we will be there in about 30 minutes.’ ‘Cool’, said Rohan. ‘I think I will listen to some music on my music system.’ ‘You brought your music system?’ Bina looked displeased. displeased ‘You know I don’t go anywhere without my music system’, said Rohan. He turned on the music, and time passed quickly. ‘Mission Control to Bina’, came a voice over the headsets. ‘You will need to prepare for landing in two minutes’, said the voice. ‘We’ll be ready’, said Bina. The rocket ship had a rough ride towards the end. Finally, they came to a rest. ‘Bina, are you OK?’ asked Rohan. ‘Yes, I’m OK. Let’s take a look around and see if the rocket ship is OK’, said Bina. space suit They put on their space suits. When they stepped outside, they felt like they were floating in the air. They quickly gathered a few moon rocks to take Bina and the Music System Rocket 75

back home. Then, they began to inspect the rocket. The portion of the ship that had the rocket starter was heavily damaged. The batteries that turned on the starter were completely destroyed. ‘What are we going to do?’ asked Rohan. ‘I don’t know’, Bina answered. ‘Let’s call Mission Control for help.’ They went back inside and called Mission Control. ‘We will get back to you’ was the answer. ‘We only have enough food and water for one more day’, Rohan reminded Bina. Suddenly, Bina said, ‘I’ve got it! Give me your music system.’ ‘She opened the battery compartment and took out the eight large batteries. ‘I think we can tie these together with a tape and make one big battery that will start the rocket’, she said. duct tape Bina lined up the batteries and taped them together in a bundle. She took a piece of duct tape and connected a wire to the batteries on each end. She then attached one to the starter, took the other wire and ran it back up to her seat in the rocket. ‘Here goes!’ said Bina. As she connected the wire to the dashboard, they could hear the roar of the rocket. Before they knew it, they were zooming back through space and towards Earth. ‘Yippee!’ they both yelled. dashboard Just then, Bina’s mother pulled the headphones off her head and told her to go to sleep. It was easy for Bina to go back to sleep because she hoped she could pick up her rocket ship dream from right where she had left it! – (Adapted from ‘Bill and the Boom Box Rocket’; http://www.kidsgen.com/short_stories) Let Us Discuss 1) What did Bina dream about? 2) Who was with Bina in her dream? 3) How did Bina solve the problem when Mission Control could not help? 4) Who woke Bina up and why? 76

I Understand Meaning Exercise 1: New words Word headphones navigator rocket ship blur rear end displeased space suits compartment duct tape dashboard I Speak Public speaking Divide your class into three groups. Each group chooses one astronaut from the names given below. All the members of each group are assigned areas of the astronaut’s life that need to be researched and explained. Once your group collects the information and pictures, it needs to be organised in a logical flow. Rakesh Sharma Kalpana Chawla Sunita Williams Bina and the Music System Rocket 77

Each group then gets five minutes to talk about their chosen astronaut. The groups that are listening can ask questions to the group at the end of its presentation. Pair discussion ‘All our dreams can come true if we have the courage to pursue them.’ – Walt Disney What is your dream? What would you like to do when you grow up and why? Divide your class into pairs. Think about the questions given above. Take turns and talk about your dreams to your partner. Language Game Word search Solve this word search to find words related to space and space travel. Space Travel IL rocket SPACESHIP XM MOON Y MN D ASTRONAUT FSFB PLANETS ASTEROID MP P U Y T SATELLITE NAVIGATOR Z A S AR B J WQ B T L QO L C A S O I L S X V J G S Y B O I P A F C E T T C CQT MB W S Y A R N D S H G S E R K DP V WX K S L A O T CQ H L O E E L H MZ D V Y E S R I L N T UA N W I F R U A P I A B RN P F G E O H Y I T U C DE K K Z A K I VGG E T S ET A U J Y T E D G E K O U T WS A N U AWOW I AW P Z NA QV H UPYRHK F L Z MOON Q L E UCV XB HUO T J AC E CV K CN VQ 78

Connect the Dots Maths Fun Rockets travel extremely fast. If Rocket Y travels at the speed of 7.9 km per second and Rocket Z travels at 8.7 km per second, how much faster is Rocket Z than Rocket Y? Science Fun • D id you know that when astronauts travel in space, they have to carry special ‘astronaut food’? These are frozen and dried meals that the astronauts prepare with the little water on their spaceships. • When in space, astronauts cannot move, sleep or even eat comfortably. • E verything is weightless in space. Astronauts sleep in sleeping bags that they attach to the wall or ceiling of a spacecraft. This is so that they don’t float away and bump into something! A Note to Parent Encourage your child to learn more about the wonders of space by showing them videos about our solar system and how we have progressed in space travel. The next time you decide to go for an outing or vacation, try taking your children to a planetarium. They will learn a lot about the universe and also enjoy themselves! Bina and the Music System Rocket 79

Lesson Six and Out 12 Let Us Start Listen and say aloud Word Rhyming word Word Rhyming word parts carts scene screen pass class ran man hit opposite fled tread school rule chalk talk Warm Up • Which games do you like to play? • Where do you usually play? Have you seen children playing in the streets? What games do they play? Let us read a poem about players who are too busy enjoying their game. They are not bothered about all the difficulties of playing in the street. 80

I Read The pitch was only smooth in parts, It sank at either crease, And motor vans and baker’s carts, pitch At times disturbed the peace. crease The bowlers found it hard to hit, The lamp post’s slender stem, The broader wicket opposite, slender stem Was cleared at 6:00 p.m. It was a keen, determined school, lamp post Unorthodox and free; Harsh circumstance oft made the rule, And not the MCC. The scorer, seated by the well, Kept up a fire of talk; He was both umpires, crowd and all, And plied a busy chalk. So, standing musing on the scene, I let the moments pass; umpire How well he drove it to the screen, And then – the crash of glass. I watched the players as they ran, And heard, while yet they fled, The loud voice of an angry man, The law’s majestic tread. – G.D. Martineau Let Us Discuss 1) Which game was being played by the children in the poem? 2) Where were the children playing? 3) What was used by the players as a wicket? 4) Who disturbed the game in the end? Six and Out 81

I Understand Meaning Exercise 1: New words Word pitch crease slender keen unorthodox harsh circumstance oft umpires plied majestic Exercise 2: Literature comprehension 1) Why did the bowlers find it difficult to bowl? Ans. ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 2) Why does the poet call the players ‘unorthodox’? Ans. ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ____________________________________________________________________________________ ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 82

3) W hat were the things that the scorer was doing? Ans. ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 4) W ho made the rules of the game? Why do you think that they did not follow the formal rules? Ans. ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� Exercise 3: Value-based questions – Judgement and appreciation 1) In India, you can see many children play in the streets. Why do you think the children play there? Is there a better place where they can play? Ans. ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 2) According to you, is it safe to play in the streets? Give reasons for your answer. Ans. ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ____________________________________________________________________________________ ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� Six and Out 83

I Speak Group activity Look at the given pictures of the different sporting activities. Your teacher will divide you into groups. Each group will choose one of these sports. You will have ten minutes to prepare a few points to speak about your chosen sport. kabaddi kho kho football Here are a few points that you can discuss: • Is it a team sport or an individual sport? • If it is a team sport, how many members are there in a team? • Where can it be played? Indoors or outdoors? • What are the rules of the sport? Public speaking Look at the given poster. Read it carefully with a partner. Then, based on the information, prepare a short presentation on the importance of playing outdoors. You can add your thoughts to it. 84

Our eyes are precious; we must take good care of them. • Ball games • Walks • Fun at the playground and other outdoor activities every day! X• Computer games • Hand-held games • Mobile phone games Language Game A pair or pear of shoes? ‘Homophones’ are words that sound the same but have different meanings and spellings. Your teacher will write six homophones on the board. You should make sentences with each pair of homophones to show the difference between the meanings of the words. You win a point each for every correct sentence. Six and Out 85

Connect the Dots Maths Fun Two cricket teams decide to participate in a cricket tournament. The winning prize is ` 60,000, which is to be distributed equally among the players of the winning team. How much will each player of the winning team get? Social Studies Fun Cricket is a sport that came to India because of the British rulers and the East India Company. Today, cricket is perhaps the most popular sport in India. The Indian national cricket team won the Cricket World Cup for the first time in 1983. Kapil Dev was the captain of the winning team. A Note to Parent Cricket is a popular sport played in India, but there are many other sports too. Draw the attention of your child to other sports that Indian players excel in, such as kabaddi, hockey and wrestling. Explain the rules of a new sport to your child. 86

S4 Speaking Project Extempore Think of a topic that is related to imagination or adventure, such as fairy tales, magical stories, dreams, exciting journeys, aliens, etc. Write the topic on a slip of paper like this: ‘Talk about an adventurous journey you have been on’ or ‘Talk about an exciting dream you have had’. Your teacher will collect the slips and put them together. Each student will pick up a slip and talk about it for three minutes. Remember to use simple sentences while sharing your thoughts. 87

R4 Reading Comprehension Passage 1 Read the passage and answer the questions given below. The Tyrannosaurus Rex (T-Rex) lived in Laramidia, which is present-day western North America. It lived in the Upper Cretaceous Period, between 85–66 million years ago. The T-Rex is among the last non-flying dinosaurs. One of the largest land predators ever known, the T-Rex was nearly 40-feet long and 13-feet wide at the hips. It weighed four to seven tons! Scientists know from studying its fossils that the T-Rex had an enormous skull and a long, massive tail to support its weight. Despite its hands being relatively small, they were powerful, with two clawed digits (like fingers). The hind legs of the dinosaur were extensive and mighty. The T-Rex possessed the most ferocious bite of any land animal on Earth. Its jaw was at least four-feet thick and contained 50–60 teeth, many of which were up to nine inches long. Its strong teeth could remove flesh from its prey and cut it in its mouth. 500 pounds of flesh and bone in one bite! Also, there were rotting bacteria between its teeth, giving it a ‘septic’ bite. If it wounded but failed to kill prey, they would die of fatal infections anyway! In 1990, Sue Hendrickson, a famous fossil hunter, discovered the most complete fossil of a T-Rex skeleton ever found (85% complete). Eventually, it was sold to the Field Museum of Natural History for a whopping eight million dollars. The museum spent over 25,000 person- hours in removing rock from the bones. (Source: Adapted from http://mrnussbaum.com/t-rex-reading-comprehension/#) 1) What were the arms of the T-Rex like? Ans. ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 2) What did Sue Hendrickson do with the fossil of the T-Rex that she had found? Ans. ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 88

3) Find the plural forms of the given words from the passage. a) dinosaur - _______________________________. b) inch - _______________________________. c) tooth - _______________________________. 4) The meaning of the word ‘fatal’ is ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________. 5) Match the words with their correct meanings. Column A Column B 1) present-day a) very large 2) rotting b) the current period of time 3) whopping c) decaying Passage 2 Read the passage and answer the questions given below. The emperor was very sad after the queen’s death. He would often sit in his beautiful garden and watch a fleet of swans, a flock of ducks or a herd of deer that roamed about freely. The deer had been gifted by a king of a faraway country. But nothing seemed to cheer him up. A troupe of dancers also performed at the court but to no avail. Everyone wanted to help the emperor come out of his sadness, but nothing seemed to work. One day, a priest in the palace saw a few children playing with dolls. The dolls made shadows on the floor that appeared to dance while the children played. They tried to catch the shadows and laughed as they played. The dancing shadows of the dolls gave the priest a brilliant idea. He hurried home and got down to work. The priest first made a puppet with cotton and painted it to look like the queen. Once the puppet was ready, he invited the emperor for a special puppet show. The emperor was not willing to come for the show but finally agreed. The priest was an old friend; he accepted the invitation. The priest said, ‘Your Majesty, the puppet show is specially meant for you. Kindly come.’ The emperor nodded, ‘If you so insist, I’ll be there.’ Reading Comprehension 89

1) What did the emperor see as he sat in his garden? Ans. ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 2) What did the priest see in the palace one day? Ans. ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 3) Fill in the blanks with the correct pronouns. a) ______________ is dreaming. (Ravi) b) ______________ is green. (The blackboard) c) ______________ are watching TV. (My mother and I) 4) The meaning of the word ‘demise’ is _______________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________. 5) Match the words with their correct meanings. Column A Column B 1) flock a) to not take no for an answer 2) brilliant b) group 3) insist c) very clever 90

Why are we studying this theme? Travelling the world, meeting people and learning about different cultures is not only exciting but also important. This is how we grow as people. But when travel is not possible, what better way than to read! Let us read two stories and a poem in which you get to travel along with the authors and enjoy journeys in your mind.

Lesson The Mountain 13 Railways Let Us Start Listen and say aloud The magic ‘e’ can + e = cane bit + e = bite hop + e = hope tap + e = tape pan + e = pane man + e = mane kit + e = kite rip + e = ripe Warm Up • W hile travelling by train, what all do you see when you look out of the window? Describe the view. • Have you travelled by train on hills? What was your experience? Let us read about three friends who write to each other about their train journeys. 92

I Read Keya, Tasneem and Mandeep are three pen pals. They are writing to each other about their journeys on the old mountain trains of India. These trains have been running since the British rule. Nilgiri Mountain Railway coach Dear Tasneem and Mandeep, betel nut I have just returned from an amazing trip! The train ride on the Nilgiri Mountain Railway was a birthday gift from my parents. I can never forget it! By the way, I named it ‘The Queen’. The coach that we sat in was made of wood and had long windows. The Queen chugged slowly out of the station. The journey was for over an hour. Our last stop was Coonoor. Papa pointed to a few mountains in the distance and told me that they were the Nilgiri or ‘the blue mountains’. We passed through 16 tunnels and high bridges and also crossed over the roaring river, Bhawani. On either side of the tracks, I could see many betel nut, banana and tea plantations. There were steep hillsides, gurgling mountain streams and many rivers. The best part of the journey was the names of the stations – Hill Grove, Wellington, Lovedale. They sound so foreign and old, don’t they? We reached Coonoor in the evening. Although the journey was slow and tiring, I enjoyed it very much. Do write to me as soon as possible about your journeys. Love, Keya The Mountain Railways 93

Darjeeling Himalayan Railway Dear Keya and Mandeep, I nicknamed the train that I travelled in ‘Rani’, though it is known as the Darjeeling Himalayan Railway. On the day of our journey, Papa sprang a surprise on me. I was very excited when he told me that we were to board this fantastic train. The train that I travelled in was very old, just like your toy sprang a train, Keya. It almost took an hour to start and move! The train surprise took eight hours to travel from New Jalpaiguri to Darjeeling. Rani was a very small train. She had only two small coaches attached to the engine and could carry only 20 people in all. The inside of the train was beautifully decorated with intricate designs. The windows were long, which gave us a good view of the beautiful sights outside. I took many pictures of the magnificent Mount Kanchenjunga and other smaller mountains. We stopped at stations with unusual names like Jorebungalow, Kurseong, Batasia Loop, Sonada and Ghum. The Ghum railway station is the highest railway station in India. Rani majestically and slowly crossed over five big and intricate nearly 500 small bridges. She passed through tea estates, green fields and beautiful flower gardens. The train criss-crossed motorable roads at several points. Its snail’s pace allowed people to keep getting in and out of the train at their convenience. This was really unusual! We reached Darjeeling at 6 p.m. Although the journey was exhausting and long, I too enjoyed my train ride. How was your experience, Mandeep? Regards, Tasneem 94

Kalka-Shimla train Dear Tasneem and Keya, All our journeys seem to be filled with enthusiasm and fun! Let me tell you about my train journey. We boarded our train at Kalka to go to Shimla. The toy train that I named ‘Prince’ is officially called the Kalka-Shimla train. Just like your trains, Prince was also over a 100 years old. It looked like a toy. It had same-sized coaches with long windows. But unlike Rani, it had more than two coaches attached. The insides of the train were designed beautifully. The coaches were suitable for a prince. The route that we travelled on was really scenic! The train journeyed through 20 railway stations, 102 tunnels and 800 bridges. The longest tunnel was at a place called Barog. The tunnel stretched to more than a kilometre there. The scenery was spectacular, especially when the train slowly climbed steep hills. The stations on the route from Kalka to Shimla were Dharampur, Solan, Kandaghat, Taradevi, Barot, Salogra, Totu, Summer Hill and finally, Shimla. Just like yours, this trip was a summer gift from my older brother. Keep writing! Regards, Mandeep Let Us Discuss 1) What does ‘pen pal’ mean? 2) Which child saw Mount Kanchenjunga? 3) According to the lesson, which is the highest railway station in India? 4) What do the children name the trains? The Mountain Railways 95

I Understand Exercise 1: New words Word Meaning pen pals coach chugged betel nut gurgling sprang a surprise intricate magnificent majestically criss-crossed scenic spectacular Exercise 2: Literature comprehension 1) What was the best part of the journey as per Keya’s letter? Ans. ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 2) How does Tasneem describe ‘Rani’ in her letter? Ans. ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ____________________________________________________________________________________ ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 3) What did Mandeep see from the train as he journeyed to Shimla? Ans. ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 96


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