202110212-APEX-STUDENT-WORKBOOK-SOCIAL_STUDIES-G09-PART2

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Table of Contents 1 23 7 INDUSTRIES IN INDIA 38 8 SERVICE ACTIVITIES IN INDIA 53 9 CREDIT IN THE FINANCE SYSTEM 73 10 PRICES AND COST OF LIVING 88 11 THE GOVERNMENT BUDGET AND TAXATION 105 17 COLONIALISM IN LATIN AMERICA, ASIA AND AFRICA 125 18 IMPACT OF COLONIALISM IN INDIA 143 19 EXPANSION OF DEMOCRACY 164 20 DEMOCRACY: AN EVOLVING IDEA 179 21 HUMAN RIGHTS AND FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS 191 22 WOMEN PROTECTION ACTS 208 23 DISASTER MANAGEMENT 223 24 TRAFFIC EDUCATION 224 PROJECT BASED QUESTIONS ADDITIONAL MAP BASED PRACTICE QUESTIONS TABLE OF CONTENTS

SESSION 1 7. INDUSTRIES IN INDIA 1.1 Mind Map FACTORIES SESSION 1. FACTORIES 1

CHAPTER 7- INDUSTRIES IN INDIA 1.2 Terminology 1. Colonial rule: The policy or practice of a wealthy or powerful nations maintaining or extending their control over other weaker countries, especially in establishing settlements or exploiting resources. e.g. British rule in India 2. Consumer goods: Goods that are ultimately consumed rather than used in the production of another commodity. Clothing, food, automobiles and jewelry are all examples of consumer goods. 3. Infrastructure facilities: Fundamental facilities and systems serving a country, city, or area, in- cluding the services and facilities necessary for its economy to function. For example: roads, bridges, tunnels, water supply, sewers, electrical grids, telecommunications, and so forth. 1.3 Improve Your Learning Conceptual Understanding Q1. Why did the government take up the responsibility to set up basic goods industries? [Refer to TB page 91 Q1] A. 1) The responsibility of Basic Goods Industries were taken up by the govt. to form a base to support a large variety of factories. 2) Basic Goods Industries not only require more money but also take a long time to set-up. 3) Private industrial groups or families were not willing to invest in such industries. 4) Hence, it was decided that government should invest in basic goods industries as this would also help privately-owned industries for their expansion. SESSION 1. FACTORIES 2

CHAPTER 7- INDUSTRIES IN INDIA Q2. Why are industries located in specific areas? [Refer to TB page 91 Q2] A. Industries are located in specific areas because of certain basic requirements like: 1) Availability of raw materials like jute, cotton or minerals and ores. 2) Power and machinery — either hydro–electricity or thermal power or the easy availability of the machineries are prime requirements. 3) Transportation is needed to bring raw materials to factories and transfer finished goods from factories to the markets. 4) Availability of cheap labour, both skilled and unskilled and proper banking facilities are other needs. All these can be facilitated if only industries are located in specific areas. 1.4 Key Concepts i. Industries are an essential aspect of a nation’s development. ii. Factories conduct the process of manufacturing. iii. In a manufacturing production process, the raw materials are changed into goods that can be useful. iv. Agriculture is the major provider of employment in India. v. People prefer industrial employment for better and more secure living conditions. vi. Industrialization generates employment which is a prime need of India. SESSION 1. FACTORIES 3

SESSION 2 TYPES OF INDUSTRIES 2.1 Mind Map 2.2 Terminology 1. Basic goods industries: The industries which produce basic goods to be provided to many other factories for production of essential goods, 2. Self sufficiency: Able to do or produce everything that you need without the help of other country. SESSION 2. TYPES OF INDUSTRIES 4

CHAPTER 7- INDUSTRIES IN INDIA 2.3 Improve Your Learning Conceptual Understanding Q1. What are “basic goods” industries? How they are different from consumer goods industries? [Refer to TB page 91 Q3] A. 1) Industries which produce essential goods that can form a base to support a large variety of factories like machines, electricity; transport facilities etc are basic goods industries. 2) The goods which are used in our daily life that are directly used by people like a soap, tooth brush., biscuits etc. are called as consumer goods. Basic Goods Industries Consumer Goods Industries 1) Factories producing essential goods 1) Factories producing goods which are necessary for industries are called basic used for direct consumption are called goods industries. consumer goods. E.g. Machines, electricity etc. E.g. Soaps, Furniture, TVs etc. 2) These goods are not for direct 2) These goods are directly consumed consumption. by consumers. 3) Basic industries produce essential 3) Consumer goods industries do not goods that can form a base to support a support any other industries. large variety of factories. Reading the Text, Understanding and Interpretation Q1. Read the para 3 of page 83 and comment on it. [Refer to TB page 91 Q10] A. Students activity SESSION 2. TYPES OF INDUSTRIES 5

CHAPTER 7- INDUSTRIES IN INDIA Information Skills Q1. Give a list of towns/areas in which conventional mineral resources are found and ask students to identify the possible industries which can be set up. [Refer to TB page 91 Q4] A. Part 1: Miner- Towns/areas in which these List of kind of industries that can S.No. als/Resourcersesources are available be set up in this area 1. Iron i. Iorn and steel industry. ii. Heavy machines. i. Singhbhum in Jarkhand. iii. Tools. ii. Mayurbhanj, Koenjhar in iv. Weapons. v. Constructions and transport Odisha. iii. Raipur and Bastar in vehicles etc., vi. Railway coaches etc. Chattisgarh. iv. Bellary and Chikmaglur in Karnataka. v. Salem in Tamil Nadu. vi. Khammam and Rayalaseema in Andhra Pradesh. vii. Ratnagiri and Chanda in Maharashtra. 2. Coal Important coal fields are i. Jharia, Chandrapur, Bokaro and Giridhi in Jarkhand. i. Iron and steel industry ii. Ranigunj and Asansol in ii. Thermal power industry West Bengal. iii. Used as fuel in so many other iii. Singrauli and Korba in Madhy Pradesh. industries. iv. Singareni in Andhra Pradesh iv. Largely used in railways. 3. Jute West Bengal, Asssam, Bihar and Jute industry is concentrated in Odisha. west Bengal. i. Jute textiles ii. Bag making iii. Carpet making iv. Door mats etc. 4. Oil Gujarat, Assam, Bombay High Different types of industries. SESSION 2. TYPES OF INDUSTRIES 6

CHAPTER 7- INDUSTRIES IN INDIA Part 2: Miner- Towns/areas in which these List of kind of industries that can S.No. als/Resourcersesources are available be set up in this area 5. Natural i. Cambay and Ankleshwar i. Power industry Gas fields in Gujarat. ii. Fertilizer industry iii. Used as fuel ii. Bombay High in Maharashtra. 6. Forests Forests are found in Assam, Forests yield both softwood and Jhakhand, Madhya Pradesh, hard wood. Andhra Pradesh, Odisha, Forest based industries are– Maharashtra, Arunachal Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh. i. Paper (softwood trees) ii. Furniture iii. Timber iv. Soaps v. Match boxes vi. Handicraft vii. Turpentine viii. Railway sleepers SESSION 2. TYPES OF INDUSTRIES 7

CHAPTER 7- INDUSTRIES IN INDIA Part 3: Miner- Towns/areas in which these List of kind of industries that can S.No als/Resourcersesources are available be set up in this area 7 Manganese i. Iron and steel industry i. Koenjhar, Kalahandi, ii. Chemical industry Mayurbhanj Sundarghar and iii. Bleaching powder Thalcher in Odisha. iv. Electrical ii. Chitradurg, Shimoga, v. Glass Chikmanglore, Bellary and vi. Leather Dharwad in Karnataka. vii. Photography iii. Bhalghat, Seori, Jabalpur in viii. Metal industry Madhya Pradesh. iv. Singhbhum in Jarkhand. v. Panchamahal in Gujarat. vi. Srikakulam and Visakhapatnam districts in Andhra Pradesh. 8. Bauxite i. Palmau, Ranchi, Monghyr i. Used in Aluminium making and Shahabad in Jharkhand. which in turn is used making aircraft, automobiles, ships, ii. Balaghat, Jabalpur, Bilaspur utensils, railways, and Rajgarh in Madhya photographic material and Pradesh. electrical goods industry. iii. Amreli and Kutch in Gujarat. iv. Belgaum in Karnataka. v. Madurai, Nilgiris and Coimbatore in Tamil Nadu. vi. Visakhapatnam in Andhra Pradesh. SESSION 2. TYPES OF INDUSTRIES 8

CHAPTER 7- INDUSTRIES IN INDIA Mapping Skills Q1. Observe the map given in the page 95 and locate the iron and steel plant in the India outline map. [Refer to TB page 91 Q11] A. SESSION 2. TYPES OF INDUSTRIES 9

CHAPTER 7- INDUSTRIES IN INDIA 2.4 Key Concepts i. India’s main industrial activity for a long time were handicrafts and textile goods. ii. The looms that run on electricity produce a large quantity compared to the production by the handlooms. iii. There are complex machines to produce cement, cars, edibles oils etc. iv. All factories need raw materials from which goods can be produced. v. Consumer goods are directly used by people. vi. Transportation is essential for industries to bring the raw materials and transfer finished goods from them. vii. Roads, rail and ports are the means of transportation. viii. Basic industries produce essential goods that can form a base to support a large variety of factories. ix. For factories producing machines––electricity, minerals and ores, and the transport are the basic requirements for industries. x. Basic goods industries require more money and long time to be set up. SESSION 2. TYPES OF INDUSTRIES 10

SESSION 3 GOVERNMENT AND INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT 3.1 Mind Map 3.2 Terminology 1. Per capita consumption: Average consumption by each person. 2. Liberalisation: Process by which government controls, usually in the areas of social or economic policies are relaxed or even removed. SESSION 3. GOVERNMENT AND INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT 11

CHAPTER 7- INDUSTRIES IN INDIA 3.3 Improve Your Learning Conceptual Understanding Q1. What is the impact of industrial development on employment generation? [Refer to TB page 91 Q6] A. 1) Industrial development gives employment opportunities to a large section of people, particularly in urban areas. 2), A larger number of people employed in factories is an indicator of development. 3) Industries provide better salaries to workers, provide safety at their working place and ensure medical benefits. 4) As India has a big labour force, industries should use less technology/automation, so that more people can get employment. Q2. What is the impact of industrial development on revenue? [Refer to TB page 91 Q7] A. 1) When goods made in factories are exported to other countries, we get revenue. 2) With industrial development we can get more revenue and more employment opportunities. 3) The revenue earned, enables us to import a large number of goods that we want from other countries. Reading the Text, Understanding and Interpretation Q1. Why government in 1990’s allowed private industries in many areas which were earlier restricted only to the government? Refer to [Refer to TB page 91 Q5] A. i. The Indian industry wasn’t modernizing fast enough and was producing goods at high costs and was not making any technological improvements. ii. To encourage industrial activities in India especially new entrepreneurs and to improve the efficiency of government–owned industrial companies, the government decided to take this momentous step. iii. India is now encouraging private or government companies from other countries to set up factories in India so that new technology would be introduced and greater foreign investment would mean greater ability to produce and hence more revenue.ide the country. Appreciation and Sensitivity Q1. Industrial activities increase environmental problems. Discuss. [Refer to TB page 91 Q8] A. The Industrial activities are essential for economic development, no doubt about it but––– SESSION 3. GOVERNMENT AND INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT 12

CHAPTER 7- INDUSTRIES IN INDIA i. It leads to deforestation and damages the natural habitat of animals. ii. The effluents from petro–chemicals, paper, textile, tanneries, D.D.T. factories etc., danger- ously pollute the rivers and seas. iii. Some creatures like Olive Ridley turtles have made Gahirmatha in Odisha as their new habitat. iv. Some animals are endangered and some creatures have become extinct. Many animals have found their place in Red–the data book. v. The depletion of ozone layer, pollution of air, water and soil has increased environmental problems. Q2. Write a few slogans on the prevention of environment pollution. [Refer to TB page 91 Q9] A. i. Reduce–Reuse–Recycle ii. Stop the pollution Quick iii. Don’t make the water Sick iv. Go Green to Keep it CLEAN v. Don’t let our furniture go up in smoke! vi. Earth without Ozone is like a house without Roof vii. Be a part of the solution, Not part of the pollution viii. Air pollution is not a joke. Air pollution will make you choke ix. Go Green –There is no Planet B x. Keep the noise down or the noise will keep you down. xi. All for one and one for all, Keep Biodiversity or our future may fall. 3.4 Key Concepts i. When government controlled the price of certain goods, the producers had no incentive to pro- duce more goods. ii. Control on prices led to shortage of goods. iii. These shortages were blamed on the government’s policy of control on industry and also its licensing policy was held responsible. iv. According to the new industrial policy of 1990’s , government rules were simplified to encourage new entrepreneurs. v. Large factories were called organized manufacturing units. vi. Small manufacturing units were also known as un–organized units. vii. The large industries began to replace workers with technology. viii. An important goal of industrial policies in India was to generate employment opportunities. ix. Establishment of basic industries increased the production of goods. SESSION 3. GOVERNMENT AND INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT 13

CHAPTER 7-INDUSTRIES IN INDIA —— CCE Based Practice Questions —— AS1-Conceptual Understanding Very Short Answer Type Questions 1. Match the following. Column A Column B i. Coal a. Aluminium is its substitute ii. Copper b. Steel hardening iii. Manganese c. Reddish colour iv. Iron ore d. Conventional energy v. Bauxite e. Steel manufacturing 2. Match the following. Column A Column B i. Jute a. Pune ii. Automobile b. Gujarat iii. Electronic Capital of India c. Odisha iv. Aluminium d. West Bengal v. Cotton textile e. Bangalore 3. Answer the following questions in one sentence. (i) Define Liberalization. (ii) Define forest – based Industries. (iii) Name the Industries which come under Mineral Based Industries. (iv) Where was the first jute mill set up? CHAPTER 7. INDUSTRIES IN INDIA 14

CHAPTER 7-INDUSTRIES IN INDIA (v) What are the factors required for production? (vi) Name the five states which contribute towards half the production of fertilizers. (vii) Define Raw Material. (viii) What is the raw material used in smelter? (ix) Define agro–based Industry. (x) Where was the first successful textile mill set up in India and when? 4. Fill in the blanks. (xi) is a low moisture grade brown coal, which is soft with high content. (xii) India’s textile exports declined in the century. (xiii) The dust and nauseus fumes inhaled by miners make them vulnerable to diseases. (xiv) Important goal of industrial polices in India was to generate in industrial activities. (xv) The largest solar plant of India is located at near Bhuj. (xvi) We earn a lot of by exporting industrial goods to foreign countries. (xvii) were a community who specialized in the craft of iron smelting. (xviii) During the government began to change its industrial policies. (xix) Tipu Sultan’s sword was made of steel. (xx) One of the reasons for low quality was said to be the among producers in Indian Industry. CHAPTER 7. INDUSTRIES IN INDIA 15

CHAPTER 7-INDUSTRIES IN INDIA Short Answer Type Questions 5. Answer the following questions in 3-4 sentences. (i) What is an ideal location for setting up an Industry? (ii) What steps must be taken to conserve the mineral wealth? Long Answer Type Questions 6. Answer the following questions in 6-8 sentences. (i) Based upon ownership, Industries are classified into how many types ? Give a very brief description of each. (ii) Prepare a separate list of agricultural industries and minerals based industries. AS4-Reflection on Contemporary Issues and Questioning Short Answer Type Questions 7. Answer the following questions in 3-4 sentences. (i) What steps are to be taken to reduce the problems of pollution? AS5-Mapping Skills Long Answer Type Questions 8. Answer the following questions in 6-8 sentences. (i) Locate the following industrial cities on the outline map of India. i. Jamshedpur – Iron and steel company ii. Ahmedabad – Textile Industry iii. Mumbai – Textile, oil refinery, Fertilizers iv. Vishakhapatnam – BHPV, Steel plant, Ship building v. Kanpur – Leather Industry vi. Ludhiana –Leather Industry CHAPTER 7. INDUSTRIES IN INDIA 16

CHAPTER 7-INDUSTRIES IN INDIA CHAPTER 7. INDUSTRIES IN INDIA 17

CHAPTER 7-INDUSTRIES IN INDIA (ii) Observe the map and answers the following questions. i. Where do you find both cotton and woolen textile industries? 18 ii. Name the South Indian state famous for silk Industry. iii. Name the important centers of Cotton textile in Gujarat. CHAPTER 7. INDUSTRIES IN INDIA

CHAPTER 7-INDUSTRIES IN INDIA iv. Which type of textile industries are in large number in Maharashtra? v. Where is the silk textile industries located in Jammu and Kashmir? (iii) Observe the map and answers the questions given below. CHAPTER 7. INDUSTRIES IN INDIA 19

CHAPTER 7-INDUSTRIES IN INDIA i. What are the Minerals mentioned in the map? ii. In which states do you find iron ore mines? iii. Mention the name of iron ore exporting ports given in the map. iv. Name the states where you find iron ore fields. AS6-Appreciation and Sensitivity Short Answer Type Questions 9. Answer the following questions in 3-4 sentences. (i) Is industrialization a boon or a bane? (ii) Is Globalization really necessary? Long Answer Type Questions 10. Answer the following questions in 6-8 sentences. (i) Why are industries important? CHAPTER 7. INDUSTRIES IN INDIA 20

CHAPTER 7-INDUSTRIES IN INDIA Objective Questions AS1-Conceptual Understanding 11. Choose the correct answer. (i) Many industries tend to come together to make use of the advantages offered by the urban centers known as (A) Command economy (B) Capitalist economy (C)Agglomeration economies (D)Communist economy (ii) The textile industry contributes _____ to industrial production. (A) 27% (B) 14% (C) 10% (D) 20% (iii) Which of the following is not an agro–based Industry? (A) Sugar industry (B) Cotton industry (C)Iron and steel industry (D)Jute industry (iv) Foreign Direct Investment brought in _________ and aligned the automobile industry with global development. (A) Use of modern technology (B) New technology (C)Reducing taxes (D)Reducing cost of products (v) The first cement plant was set up in ___________. (A) Chennai (B) Kolkata (C) Ahmedabad (D) Mumbai (vi) Name the industry in which India is self–reliant. (A) Textile Industry (B) Sugar Industry (C)Iron and Steel Industry (D)Chemical Industry CHAPTER 7. INDUSTRIES IN INDIA 21

CHAPTER 7-INDUSTRIES IN INDIA (vii) The handspun ____________ provides large scale employment to weavers in their homes as a cottage industry. (A) Jute (B) Khadi (C) Yarn (D)None of the above (viii) India ranks ____ among the world crude steel producers. (A) Sixth (B) Fifth (C) Ninth (D) Second (ix) Golden fibre refers to ___________. (B) Wool (A) Silk (C) Jute (D) Cotton (x) The first jute mill was set up at ___________near Kolkata. (A) Tarapur (B) Durgapur (C) Rishra (D) Bhadravati CHAPTER 7. INDUSTRIES IN INDIA 22

SESSION 1 8. SERVICE ACTIVITIES IN INDIA SERVICE SECTOR 1.1 Mind Map Service Activities Importance of service sector and some challenges. SESSION 1. SERVICE SECTOR 23

CHAPTER 8- SERVICE ACTIVITIES IN INDIA 1.2 Terminology 1. Call centres: Located in Indian metropolis but they provide a service to people located across the globe using telecommunications links. 2. Services activities: Specialised services required and provided by people and business. These activities do not produce any commodities. 1.3 Improve Your Learning Conceptual Understanding Q1. What is meant by the term “service activities?” [Refer to TB page 103 Q1] A. 1. Service rendered by different people in a specified activity are known as service activities. • Teachers Services. • Health and Medical Services rendered by doctors and para–medical staff. • Service of people working in army, navy and Airforce. • Financial activities of banks and insurance companies. • Trading activities of banks and insurance companies All the above services can be termed as Service Activities. Following are some of the important points about service activities. • Service activities do not produce any Tangible commodity like paddy or cloth. • Service activities here refer to ‘the nature of work”. • “Service activities” in this context of work does not mean something that is done“free of cost” of “out of love or devotion.” 1. All the above people earn money by rendering these “service activities”. This is their livelihood. 2. These service activities are required for agriculture and industrial activities. Q2. List five service activities and give your reasons why they are not to be considered as either agricultural or industrial activities. [Refer to TB page 103 Q2] A. 1) Health and Medical Services: A doctor examines patients, prescribes medicines and monitors their progress. Other para –medical staff help doctors. SESSION 1. SERVICE SECTOR 24

CHAPTER 8- SERVICE ACTIVITIES IN INDIA 2) Trade: Goods (whether agriculture or manufacture goods) are to be transported to distribu- tors. Distributors in turn supply goods to wholesalers who in turn supplies them to retailers. And consumers purchase from the retailer. These are trading activities. 3) Financial Services: Banks issue loans to all farmers and entrepreneurs and facilitate agricul- ture and industrial activities. Insurance companies insure goods against risk. 4) Defence: People who work in all the armed forces such as army, navy and Airforce. 5) Personal Service: Workers who do domestic work, laundry, cleaning, dyeing, hair dressing etc., a) In all the above example we can see that services are rendered. b) Nothing new is produced here. In agriculture, we produce some crop and in industrial activity, we work up on raw materials and convert them into finished goods. Here in the above example nothing tangible is produced. c) The above examples are special kind of activities that help agriculture and industry and also provide service that people require. So we cannot consider the service activities as either agricultural or industrial activities. Q3. How can service activities help in the overall development of a country? [Refer to TB page 103 Q3] A. 1) Overall development of a country depends on developmental initiates involving setting up many establishments like educational institutions, hospitals etc., 2) Other developmental activities include provision of infrastructure facilities such as transportation telecommunications, banks, insurance services and other services like trading, book keeping, and public administration. 3) All these activities are service activities that help agriculture and industry and facilitate overall development of our country. Q4. How are agricultural and industrial activities are related to service sector? [Refer to TB page 103 Q4] A. Agriculture and industrial activities need the following services of various sectors. SESSION 1. SERVICE SECTOR 25

CHAPTER 8- SERVICE ACTIVITIES IN INDIA 1) Transportation helps in assembling raw materials from the mines to industrial spots and to carry finished goods from industry to markets. 2) Road and other services to transport finished products. 3) Marketing services. 4) Import and export services. 5) Storage services like godowns and cold storage 6) Financial services like banking loan and insurance services. 7) Health and education services help in maintaining good health for human resources, to be able to do work. 8) Communication system, information technology. Reading the Text, Understanding and Interpretation Q1. Read the 9th paragraph of this chapter, (Working People engaged) and answer the following: What are the activities required for agriculture and industries? [Refer to TB page 103 Q10] A. In agriculture and industrial areas several services are being provided which can be categorized as follows i. Education: In schools, activities of teachers, administration departments, academic co–ordinators, sports coaches, canteen staff, cleaning staff etc are all service providers who help in running a school smoothly. ii. Health and Medical services: The doctors, nurses, ward boys, cleaning staff, administration departments etc render various services and ensure a smooth running of any hospital and are vital part of the institution. iii. Trade: In trading activities, both buying and selling , some important services are being provided by account keeper, godown in–charge, watchmen, loading and un–loading work- ers, truck or lorry drivers for taking goods to various places are all very important service providers without whom the trade work would stop completely. These people are not a choice but necessity. SESSION 1. SERVICE SECTOR 26

CHAPTER 8- SERVICE ACTIVITIES IN INDIA iv. Public Administration: Various departments such as Panchayats, mandal office, collector’s office, various staff working in these offices, police stations, village revenue offices, tehsildars , revenue inspectors, court officials, court assistance staff, clerks etc are all have been providing services of various kinds for the smooth running of these departments which works for the people round the clock. v. Defence: Personnel in Army, Navy and Air Force, their admin workers, their entire system runs smoothly with the help of service providers of different who render important services at all intervals. vi. Financial Activities: Financial activities like Banks–both Central, state and rural banks and other financial institutions working in both urban and rural areas. Taking deposits, facilitating withdrawals, loans and credits are some of the most important services rendered by them. Hoards of Banking Correspondents go in the most interior of villages, talk to the poor farm- ers, and explain them the ways of taking easy loans for cultivating their land etc are some valuable services rendered by these service providers. vii. Personal Services: The maids cooking and working for us, the watchmen of our building, hair dressers, beauticians in Beauty parlours, milkman, tailors, photographers, newspa- per–vendor etc are strong workforce engaged in providing various services are very–very important for us in our day to day routine. Information Skills Q1. Is there any migration of labourers from your area? Find out the reason for the migration. [Refer to TB page 103 Q9] A. Students Activity 1.4 Key Concepts i. Agriculture, industries and service activities are important productive activities in India. ii. Service activities are required for agriculture and industrial activities. iii. Working people engaged in service activities do not produce a commodity. iv. Teachers, all the administrative staff and their activities constitute Education services. A doctor provides Health and Medical Services. v. Public Administration is providing Public services in village and town panchayats, state and central governments etc. vi. Banks provide financial services. SESSION 1. SERVICE SECTOR 27

SESSION 2 LACK OF JOB OPPORTUNITIES 2.1 Mind Map Lack of job opportunities. 2.2 Terminology 1. Outsourcing: Contracting with another company or person to do a particular function. SESSION 2. LACK OF JOB OPPORTUNITIES 28

CHAPTER 8- SERVICE ACTIVITIES IN INDIA 2.3 Improve Your Learning Conceptual Understanding Q1. Why are service sector activities becoming important? [Refer to TB page 103 Q6] A. 1) Service sector activities include all the services like Banking and Finance, trade and Com- merce, Transport and Communications, Health, Education, Personal services etc., 2) Service sector activities include special kind of activities that help agriculture and industry and provide a lot of services that people require. 3) Provision of education and health fulfills the aim of social welfare. 4) Trade and commerce help in bringing buyers and sellers together. 5) Transportation is necessary for the movement of men and material from one place to another. 6) The development of telecommunications has cut the geographical boundaries and helps in globalization. 7) They provide information about new markets and products. 8) They are considered as means of modernization. 9) They provide employment opportunities and are very useful in raising the standard of living of the people. Due to the above reasons, the service sector activities are becoming important. Q2. Service activities cannot expand beyond a level unless agriculture and industries develop. [Refer to TB page 103 Q7] A. 1. Development of a country is always measured based on production of goods and services. 2. Increase in production is possible only through the development of agriculture and industry. 3. Service activities are necessary to modernize agriculture and industrial sector. 4. Development services without an increase in production is a waste. SESSION 2. LACK OF JOB OPPORTUNITIES 29

CHAPTER 8- SERVICE ACTIVITIES IN INDIA Hence, service activities cannot expand beyond a level unless agriculture and industries develop. In fact all three sectors should go hand in hand. Q3. How can service sector reduce educated unemployment in India? [Refer to TB page 103 Q8] A. 1) There has been tremendous change in the communication technology which has opened a wide range of jobs for educated people. 2) Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) has brought in new kinds of employment opportunities. 3) They provide services to people located across the globe using telecommunication links. 4) The entertainment industry creates jobs to work in various print media firms, cable television channels. 5) We see number of internet cafes and telephone booths in most of the cities and towns. 6) The advertising industry has also brought new job opportunities. 7) Many new jobs are available in banking and insurance sectors. Hence, service sector can reduce educated unemployment to a great extent in our country. Reflection on Contemporary Issues and Questioning Q1. The growth of service is sustainable and can make India a rich country. Do you agree with this statement? Elaborate. [Refer to TB page 103 Q5] A. 1) There is a lot of change in technology and by exporting our services i.e., “BPOs” or “Outsourc- ing” we are earning foreign exchange. 2) Service Sector constitutes one–fourth of the jobs people do in India. 3) Many jobs are available for educated people in service sector. 5) Due to the development of telecommunications and information technology, the world has be- come a global village. 6) Due to the establishment of Multinational Companies, we are getting projects from foreign countries. 7) The standard of living of the people has gone up in the last two decades. Hence the growth of service sector is sustainable and can make India a rich country. SESSION 2. LACK OF JOB OPPORTUNITIES 30

SESSION 3 JOBS IN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND DESIRED SERVICES 3.1 Mind Map Jobs in IT 3.2 Terminology 1. Information technology: Internet, E–seva, E–mail etc., are technology which supports activities involving the creations, storage, communication of information together with their methods, manage- ment and application. 2. Economic development: Quantitative and qualitative improvement of a country. 3. Retail trade: Where a retailer purchases goods or products in large quantities from manufacturers directly or through a wholesale and then sells small quantities to the consumer for profit. SESSION 3. JOBS IN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND DESIRED SERV... 31

CHAPTER 8- SERVICE ACTIVITIES IN INDIA 3.3 Improve Your Learning Mapping Skills Q1. Observe the map given in the page 104. Locate the software technology parks of our country in the India outline map. A. SESSION 3. JOBS IN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND DESIRED SERV... 32

CHAPTER 8-SERVICE ACTIVITIES IN INDIA —— CCE Based Practice Questions —— AS1-Conceptual Understanding Very Short Answer Type Questions 1. Match the following. Column A Column B i. Information technology a. Buying and selling activities ii. BPOs iii. Outsourcing b. Highly skilled engineers iv. Public Administration c. Workers of various government depart- v. Trade ments d. Recruiting from outside e. Call centres 2. Answer the following questions in one sentence. (i) Which activities constitute the economic sector? (ii) How do the BPOs provide services to people located across the globe? (iii) Name the two important productive activities in India. (iv) Whom do the IT companies employ in their companies? (v) How are paddy and vegetables transported from villages? (vi) Name any two new job opportunities that have been created due to change in technology. (vii) List any four service activities. (viii) Why did many industries divert a major section of their activities to service sector? (ix) How has the BPO helped us? CHAPTER 8. SERVICE ACTIVITIES IN INDIA 33

CHAPTER 8-SERVICE ACTIVITIES IN INDIA (x) Why have the workers of industries like textiles taken up low income service professions? 3. Fill in the blanks. (xi) The workers have low employment opportunities in service sector. (xii) IT companies get from foreign companies. (xiii) FDI will increase agricultural wages in the . (xiv) contribute to economic development of the country. (xv) In outsourcing we get work done from . (xvi) The wholesale traders earn profit from farmers by lending money and buying their produce in return at . (xvii) The company that has a number of branches in different countries is known as . (xviii) Service jobs bring a lot of income to the families but at the same time bring . (xix) Business Process has brought in new kind of employment opportunities for many young people. (xx) The growth of service sector in India may not help in reducing in the country. Short Answer Type Questions 4. Answer the following questions in 3-4 sentences. (i) What are the advantages of working in Information Technology companies? (ii) How do the Paddy traders earn their profit? (iii) What do you know about the new FDI policy of 2012? CHAPTER 8. SERVICE ACTIVITIES IN INDIA 34

CHAPTER 8-SERVICE ACTIVITIES IN INDIA Long Answer Type Questions 5. Answer the following questions in 6-8 sentences. (i) What are the factors responsible for rise of the service sector? AS3-Information Skills Long Answer Type Questions 6. Answer the following questions in 6-8 sentences. (i) Read the following text, and answer the questions given below: The shortfall of different medical professionals has resulted in the uneven distribution of all cadres of health workers, medical and nursing colleges, nursing and ANM (Auxiliary Nurse and Midwife) schools, and allied health institutions across the states with wide disparity in the quality of education. The uneven distribution of professional colleges and schools has also led to an imbalance both in the production capacity and in the quality of education and training, leading to poor health outcomes. By empowering allied health professionals or paramedics, as they are known at present, they can be the leaders of change, playing critical role in improving the reach of health services to underserved areas. i. What is the reason for the uneven distribution of all cadres of health workers? ii. What is the problem due to the uneven distribution of professional colleges and schools? iii. How can the paramedics be the leaders of change? iv. How can health services be improved in rural areas? AS4-Reflection on Contemporary Issues and Questioning Long Answer Type Questions 7. Answer the following questions in 6-8 sentences. (i) Is the new Foreign Direct Investment in retail sector a boon for the foreign investor companies? Support your answer with reasons. CHAPTER 8. SERVICE ACTIVITIES IN INDIA 35

CHAPTER 8-SERVICE ACTIVITIES IN INDIA AS6-Appreciation and Sensitivity Short Answer Type Questions 8. Answer the following questions in 3-4 sentences. (i) Why do the MNCs purchase more of the produce from the farmers? Objective Questions AS1-Conceptual Understanding 9. Choose the correct answer. (i) Service activities constitute about of all the jobs people do in India. (A) One–third (B) One–fourth (C) One–half (D) Two–third (ii) Since the early there has been a change in the communication technology. (A) 1990s (B) 1980s (C) 1970s (D) 1960s (iii) Many information technology companies were established in (A) districts (B) villages (C)metropolitan cities (D) towns (iv) Closure of many industries has created unemployment in areas. (A) urban (B) rural (C) villages (D) coastal (v) Many youngsters dream of becoming (B) Mechanical engineer (A) Electrical engineer (C)Software engineer (D)Civil engineer CHAPTER 8. SERVICE ACTIVITIES IN INDIA 36

CHAPTER 8-SERVICE ACTIVITIES IN INDIA (vi) India’s new Foreign Direct Investment policy was introduced in__________. (A) 2010 (B) 2011 (C) 2012 (D) 2013 (vii) About _________ of agricultural goods are wasted due to lack of proper storage facilities. (A) 50 to 60% (B) 40 to 50% (C)10 to 20% (D)20 to 40% (viii) BPO means ______. (A) Business Post Organisation (B) Business Processes Outsourcing (C)Best Packaging Outlet (D)None of the above (ix) The full form of ANM is (A) Auxiliary nurse and midwife (B) Association of Mnadal Nurses (C)Andhra nurse management (D)All nurses and midwifes (x) India faces an acute shortage of over skilled service professionals in the health. (A) 34 lakhs (B) 44 lakhs (C)54 lakhs (D)64 lakhs CHAPTER 8. SERVICE ACTIVITIES IN INDIA 37

9. CREDIT IN THE FINANCE SYSTEM SESSION 1 BANK - DEPOSITS AND MONEY 1.1 Mind Map 1.2 Terminology 1. Demand deposits: Deposits in the bank accounts which can be withdrawn on demand. 2. Economic activities: Activities through which people earn money. SESSION 1. BANK - DEPOSITS AND MONEY 38

CHAPTER 9- CREDIT IN THE FINANCE SYSTEM 1.3 Key Concepts i. Different kinds of credit arrangements are an important component of financial system of our country and play crucial role. ii. Modern forms of money include currency –paper notes and coins and bank deposits. iii. Bank accept the deposits and also pay an interest rate on the deposits. iv. People’s money is safe with the banks and it earns an interest. The deposits in the bank ac- counts can be withdrawn on demand, called demand deposits. v. The modern forms of money –currency and deposits –are closely linked to the working of the modern banking system. vi. The entire banking system is supervised by the government’s Reserve Bank of India. vii. The Reserve Bank issues guidelines for this system and examines it working so that people’s trust is maintained. viii. Banks mediate between the depositors and the borrowers. ix. Banks charge a higher interest rate on loans than what they offer on deposits. SESSION 1. BANK - DEPOSITS AND MONEY 39

SESSION 2 BANKS - CREDIT AND LOAN 2.1 Mind Map Why people require credit 2.2 Terminology 1. Cooperative societies: A major source of cheap credit in rural areas. 2. Commercial banks: Banks are involved primarily in the business of lending and deposits. 3. Informal sources of credit: Moneylenders, traders, employers etc., who are able to lend at their own terms and conditions. SESSION 2. BANKS - CREDIT AND LOAN 40

CHAPTER 9- CREDIT IN THE FINANCE SYSTEM 2.3 Improve Your Learning Conceptual Understanding Q1. How are high interest rates on loans harmful? [Refer to TB page 117 Q2] A. 1) Higher interest rates on loans means a larger part of the earnings of the borrowers is used to repay the loan. 2) Borrowers will have less income left for themselves. 3) The high rate of interest means the amount to be repaid is greater than the income of the borrower. 4) Debt will be increasing day by day. 5) High interest rate and increasing debt some times creates a debt–trap and lead farmers to commit suicide. Information Skills Q1. Talk to a banker and find out what are the purposes for which people in urban areas generally take loans? [Refer to TB page 117 Q4] A. According to a banker, the purposes for which people in urban areas generally take loans are – 1) Personal loans –for personal requirements like home renovation, marriage of the children.or to buy some household commodities 2) Home loans –to buy a home. 3) Education loans –for higher education of the children. 4) Car loans –for car.. SESSION 2. BANKS - CREDIT AND LOAN 41

CHAPTER 9- CREDIT IN THE FINANCE SYSTEM Q2. Most of the credit needs of the poor households are met from informal sources. The dependence of richer households on informal credit is less. Do you agree? Use the data from Table 1 to support your answer. [Refer to TB page 117 Q1] A. i. More than 2/3rd of farmers do not have access to bank loan facilities. ii. The rich households are getting 90% of their credit from formal sources and 10% from infor- mal sources. The poor households are getting 15% of their credit from formal and 85% from the informal sources. i. Yes, I agree that the dependence of richer households on informal credit is less. ii. Whereas the dependence of poor households on informal credit is more. Appreciation and Sensitivity Q1. What are the services rendered by the banks in fulfilling the needs of farmers? [Refer to TB page 117 Q7] A. Reserve Bank of India has taken breakthrough steps in accessibility of easy credit to small farmers and cultivators. i. Banks operate in rural areas either through branches or through Business Correspondents (BC). ii. A business correspondent provide basic banking services and facilities through Micro ATM (Terminal). SESSION 2. BANKS - CREDIT AND LOAN 42

CHAPTER 9- CREDIT IN THE FINANCE SYSTEM i. These Business Correspondents educate rural people open accounts, save money and also take loans from the banks. ii. Bio–metric Smart Card Identification systems are used to open these accounts. iii. AEPS ( Aadhar Enabled Payment Systems ) offered by the NPCI ( National Payments Com- mission of India ) to banks, financial institutions of India, using Aadhar number and online UAIDI authentication through their respective Business Correspondent service centres. iv. The customer needs his or her Aadhar numbers with the bank offering the AEPS services. v. These AEPS provide mainly four services–––a) Cash Withdrawal b) Cash deposits c) Bal- ance enquiry and d) Fund transfer. vi. RBI also makes sure that banks provide loans to small farmers and small borrowers apart from big businesses. vii. NABARD (National banks for agricultural and rural development) which facilitates formal credit organizations in rural areas. viii. Still more than 2/3rd of farmers are not able to avail bank loans. Nearly 9 crores of farmers depend on informal source of credits for their cultivation needs. ix. The main lacuna in formal source of credit is that they have many elaborate rules and regulations which they expect their customers to follow which the informal credit providers do not have but rate of interest is very high. x. Therefore, the banks and other co–operative societies should lend more and more loans to the farmers on easy and understandable terms which would lead to higher incomes for the lenders and benefit large number of farmers and would also free them from clutches of blood sucking money–lenders. xi. The data shows that only 15% and 47% of very poor farmers and poor farmers avail loans from banks etc respectively, whereas 72 to 90% of loans from formal sources are availed by well–off and rich households of rural areas. A lot needs to be done by the banks, co–operative societies and institutions like NABARD for poor farmers, to make it easy for them to cultivate, which is the basic life–line of them. SESSION 2. BANKS - CREDIT AND LOAN 43

CHAPTER 9- CREDIT IN THE FINANCE SYSTEM 2.4 Key Concepts i. The increased availability of consumer goods in the market and arrangements for finance has also increased the variety of credit arrangements. ii. In the rural areas, the main demand for credit is for crop production. iii. Farmers usually take crop loans at the beginning of the season and repay the loan after harvest. Repayment of the loan is crucially dependent on the income from farming. iv. If the crop fails, credit pushes the person into a debt trap. v. In addition, lenders may demand collateral (security) against loans. vi. Depending on the nature of the lender and the borrower, the terms of credit vary. vii. Money lenders are an important section of informal credit providers in India. viii. The RBI sees that the banks give loans not just only to profit –making businesses and traders but also to small cultivators, small scale industries, to small borrowers etc. ix. Bank loans require proper documents and collateral. x. Absence of collateral is one of the major reasons which prevent the poor from getting bank loans. SESSION 2. BANKS - CREDIT AND LOAN 44

SESSION 3 SELF HELP GROUPS 3.1 Mind Map SESSION 3. SELF HELP GROUPS 45

CHAPTER 9- CREDIT IN THE FINANCE SYSTEM 3.2 Improve Your Learning Conceptual Understanding Q1. What is the basic idea behind the SHGs for the people? Explain in your words. [Refer to TB page 117 Q3] A. i. To organize and help the rural poor. ii. Collect the savings from the rural poor, particularly women to empower them. iii. To create self –employment opportunities. iv. Without the collateral the SHG can get loan from the bank. v. To protect the poor from informal loans. Q2. What is the difference between the bank loan and through SHG? [Refer to TB page 117 Q5] A. i. Bank loan is taken individually. ii. Proper documents and collateral are required. iii. The bank loan can be in thousands to some lakhs. iv. Can be short –term and long–term. v. Loan through SHG is taken collectively. Documents and collateral are not needed. vi. The amount of loan sanctioned is usually less. vii. Generally these loans are short term. viii. Rate of interest is low compared to bank loan. ix. In case of non–repayment of loans the whole group takes the responsibility whereas in case of individual bank loans, individual alone has to pay. SESSION 3. SELF HELP GROUPS 46

CHAPTER 9-CREDIT IN THE FINANCE SYSTEM Reading the Text, Understanding and Interpretation Q1. Read paragraph 3rd under the heading of “Self Help Group for the Poor” and answer the question. How are SHGs working in your area? [Refer to TB page 117 Q6] A. i. In our locality there are around 20 Self Help Groups. ii. Each group has 15 –20 members, mostly women. iii. They–save small amount of money in the bank. iv. The group is regular in savings. v. After two years the group became eligible for loan from bank. vi. Loan is sanctioned in the name of the group. vii. The SHGs are responsible for the repayment of the loan. viii. Loans create self–employment opportunities. ix. Some purchase sewing machines, embroidery machines, and some others invested in pa- pad–making and some other in starting a petty pan shops. x. These SHGs empowered women as they became financially self–sufficient. 3.3 Key Concepts i. Absence of collateral is one of the major reasons which prevent the poor from getting bank loans. ii. A typical SHG has 15–20 members, usually belonging to one neighborhood, who meet and save regularly. iii. SHGs are the building blocks of a financial organization for the rural and urban poor. iv. Financial literacy helps one to have better financial planning, puts them in a better position to achieve their financial goals and protect oneself from frauds and debt traps. v. Financial literacy facilitates easy access to financial services. vi. Literacy information is available in brochures pamphlets prepared by RBI and other banks. SESSION 3. SELF HELP GROUPS 47

CHAPTER 9-CREDIT IN THE FINANCE SYSTEM —— CCE Based Practice Questions —— AS1-Conceptual Understanding Column B Very Short Answer Type Questions a. Formal & informal sector 1. Match the following. Column A i. Guarantee to Lenders ii. Types of loans b. Comic on financial literacy iii. Aadhar Card c. Collateral iv. Raju and the money tree d. Self help groups v. SHG e. UIDAI 2. Answer the following questions in one sentence. (i) What do modern forms of money include? (ii) How can better financial planning be achieved? (iii) What do banks accept from their customers? (iv) What are the social issues discussed in the SHGs? (v) What do banks pay for the money deposited in it? (vi) What are the decisions taken by the SHG members? (vii) What does financial literacy facilitate? (viii) What kind of credit do the richer households receive? (ix) What is the website of RBI? (x) Name the co–operatives that provide cheap credit in rural areas. CHAPTER 9. CREDIT IN THE FINANCE SYSTEM 48