202110185-APEX-STUDENT-WORKBOOK-SCIENCE-G06-PART1

(A) Become extinct (B) Thrive (C)Become endangered (D)A and C (ix) Increase in area of habitat leads to in the number of organisms. (A) increase (B) remain the same (C) decrease (D)none of the above (x) All habitats in water are collectively called (A) Terrestrial habitat (B) Aquatic habitat (C)Home habitat (D)None of these CHAPTER 6. HABITAT 99

7. SEPARATION OF SUBSTANCES SESSION 1 MIXTURES 1.1 Mind Map 1.2 Terminology i. Mixtures –are combination of two or more substances that are mixed physically but not combined chemically. ii. Natural mixtures –are mixtures occuring naturally, for eg. Air is a mixture of various gases. iii. Man–made mixtures –are those mixtures which are created by man for their use, for eg. Tea is a mixture of water, sugar, milk and tea powder. 1.3 Key Concepts i. Mixtures are defined as physical combination of two or more substances that can be separated into its components. ii. Mixtures can be natural or man–made. iii. Mixtures that occur naturally are known as natural mixtures. iv. Mixtures that are created by man are known as man–made mixtures. v. We can separate components in mixtures by various processes. SESSION 1. MIXTURES 100

SESSION 2 METHODS OF SEPARATION 2.1 Mind Map 2.2 Terminology i. Separation –is the process of segregating the various components of a mixture. ii. Handpicking –is the process used for separating components of mixtures with suffi- ciently large particles, usually under dry conditions. iii. Winnowing –is the process used to free grains from lighter particles like chaff, impu- rities, dirt etc. by wind or forced current of air. iv. Sedimentation – is a physical water treatment process using gravity to remove sus- pended solids from water. v. Decantation – is a process of removing a layer of liquid, generally one from which a precipitate has settled. SESSION 2. METHODS OF SEPARATION 101

vi. Sieving –is a process in which a utensil of wire mesh or closely perforated metal or plastic is used to separate particles of different sizes. vii. Filtration – is the process of separating suspended solid matter from a liquid, by causing the mixture to pass through the pores of a filter. viii. Crystallization – is a technique used by chemists for purification of solid substance dissolved in a liquid. ix. Distillation – is a process of separating the component substances from a liquid mix- ture by selective evaporation and condensation, on the basis of different boiling points of the various liquid components. x. Volatile substances –are those which evaporate rapidly into vapours. xi. Sublimation –is used to separate a mixture containing volatile substance that change from solid to gas without passing through the liquid phase. xii. Chromatography –is used to separate mixtures of coloured compounds such as inks, dyes etc. 2.3 Key Concepts i. The components of a mixture can be separated using different methods of separation. ii. The method of separation may be physical such as sieving, winnowing or chemical such as distillation, crystallization etc. iii. More than one method of separation are required to separate the components of some mixtures. iv. Hand picking is used to separate solid, visible substances such as dirt or stones from rice. v. A mixture of insoluble substance in a liquid, e.g., Mixture of mud and sand in water, are separated by the processes called sedimentation and decantation. vi. Sieving is a common method of separation of components of mixture when the mixture contains two different sized particles. vii. Crystallization is a chemical solid–liquid separation technique used for separation of dissolved substances from a liquid, e.g. Mixture of copper sulphate in water. viii. Distillation is the action of purifying a liquid by a process of heating and cooling. It is used to remove impurities from water. ix. Mixtures containing one or more volatile components may be separated by the process called sublimation. x. Two different colours can be separated by a method called chromatography. SESSION 2. METHODS OF SEPARATION 102

2.4 Conceptual Understanding Q1. Is it possible to separate sugar mixed with wheat flour? If yes, how will you do it? If powdered sugar is mixed with wheat flour, how do you separate them? [Refer to TB page 72 Q1] A. Separating sugar and flour i. We can separate sugar from wheat flour by sieving. ii. In the mixture of sugar and wheat flour, sieving allows the fine flour particles to pass through the holes of the sieve, while sugar particles remain on the sieve. Separating powdered sugar and flour i. If powdered sugar is mixed with wheat flour, the mixture can be separated by filtration and evaporation after adding large volume of water to the mixture. ii. Sugar is soluble in water and wheat flour is insoluble in water. iii. The soluble sugar gets dissolved and insoluble wheat powder is separated by fil- tering the soIution. iv. During filtration, the wheat flour is remained on the filter paper as residue while the sugar solution is collected as filtrate. v. The sugar solution is evaporated and crystals of sugar can be obtained by crystal- lization. vi. However, the flour obtained will be in the form of dough. vii. So, the original physical form will not be retained after separation. Q2. Why is hand picking necessary after winnowing? [Refer to TB page 72 Q2] A. i. Winnowing is useful only for removing the lighter chaff particles. Other undesirable substances such as pieces of stones in rice or dal can be separated by hand picking. SESSION 2. METHODS OF SEPARATION 103

ii. Small insects or pests present along with grains can also be removed by this method. iii. This is possible because the particles of the undesirable substances are different from the food grains in colour, shape and size. iv. Hand picking is convenient only when the undesirable components are present in small quantities. Q3. Srikar accidentally mixed mustard seeds with rice and salt. How can he separate them? [Refer to TB page 72 Q3] A. i. Srikar can separate the salt from the mixture by sieving. ii. Sieving allows the salt to pass through the holes of the sieve, while rice and mus- tard remain on the sieve. iii. To separate the mixture of rice and mustard, they should be kept in an inclined plane. iv. Mustard seeds being light and round, roll over and come down to one side leaving the rice behind. The mixture of mustard seeds, rice and salt is thus separated. Q4. Which separation process is used when one component in a mixture is: [Refer to TB page 72 Q4] a) Heavier than the other? b) Bigger than the other? c) Different shape and colour from the other? d) One is soluble in water and the other is not? e) One floats and the other sinks in water? A. a) Winnowing b) Sieving SESSION 2. METHODS OF SEPARATION 104

c) Hand picking d) Filtration A. e) Sedimentation and Decantation Q5. Divya suggested some methods to separate mixtures given below. Are they correct? [Refer to TB page 72 Q6] Find whether they are possible or not. Give reasons. a) Pure water can be obtained from sea water by the process of filtration. b) Cheese is removed from curdled milk by the process of decantation; c) Separation of sugar from tea can be done by filtration. A. a) i) Pure water cannot be obtained from sea water by the process of filtration as salt dissolved in water will pass through the filter paper. ii) Pure water can be obtained from sea water by the process of distillation. b) i) Cheese cannot be removed from curdled milk by the process of decantation. ii) Cheese can be derived from curdled milk by filtration through a cotton, muslin or cheese cloth. c) i) Separation of sugar from tea cannot be done by filtration as the sugar dissolved in tea will pass through the filter paper or strainer along with tea. ii) Separation of sugar from tea can be done by evaporation and crystallization. Q6. Match the following: [Refer to TB page 73 Q9] A. Column A Column B (i) A substance obtained by [C] A. Sublimation mixing of two or more pure substances (ii) A clear liquid obtained after [E] B.Decantation filtration (iii) A solid changing directly into [A] C. Mixture vapour SESSION 2. METHODS OF SEPARATION 105

A. (iv) A method for removing the husk [D] D. Winnowing from grain (v) Removing insoluble impurities [B] E. Filtrate from muddy water by allowing it to settle 2.5 Experimentation and Field Investigation Q1. Visit a nearby dairy and report about the processes used to separate cream from milk. [Refer to TB page 72 Q5] A. Students’ Activity Hints: In a dairy, cream is separated from milk using the following methods: A) Centrifugation, B) Separation, C) Clarification, and D) Standardization Link [https://www.uoguelph.ca/foodscience/book–page/clarification–and–cream–separation] Q2. We observe that kerosene rises up in the wick of a lantern. Take a wick and put a spot of ink at one of its ends. Then dip the wick in kerosene just as you had dipped the chalk in water in the chromatography activity. Will your experiment be successful in separating the colour ink spot? Try it. [Refer to TB page 73 Q8] A. Students’ Activity Yes. We will be able to separate the colours in the ink spot on lantern wick dipped in kerosene. Hint: Verify whether ink dissolves in Kerosene or not. 2.6 Information Skills and Projects Q1. Collect information from your parents regarding various methods used by us to clean food grains at home and prepare a chart to show them. [Refer to TB page 73 Q7] A. Hints: SESSION 2. METHODS OF SEPARATION 106

Methods used to clean food grains at home:– i. Hand picking: This method is used for separating small particles of dirt, stone, husk etc. from the grains of wheat, rice, pulses etc. ii. Sieving : a) Sieving is used when two components of a mixture have different particle size, b) Sieving allows the fine particles to pass through the holes of the sieve, while the bigger particles remain on the sieve. Eg. Sieving of wheat flour. iii. Threshing: The process that is used to separate grain from chaff is called thresh- ing. iv. Winnowing – This process is used to free grains from lighter particles like chaff, impurities, dirt etc. by wind or forced current of air. 2.7 Communication Through Drawing and Model Making Q1. Draw a picture of articles used for separation of mixture in your house. [Refer to TB page 73 Q10] A. i. Tea is filtered through a strainer to remove extra tea particles from the tea. ii. Flour is sieved in our kitchen with the help of a sieve. Flour particles are fine and pass through the pores of the sieve but the husk particles being large are left on the sieve. SESSION 2. METHODS OF SEPARATION 107

2.8 Appreciation and Aesthetic Sense, Values Q1. Kiran observed his father separating husk and grains by winnowing method in the field and appreciated how wind flow helped in separation. On evaporation, salt is formed from sea water. Isn’t it? How would you appreciate this process? [Refer to TB page 73 Q11] A. i. Flowing wind carries the lighter husk with it and the heavy grains fall vertically downwards. ii. Thus natural air current helps in separation of husk and grains through the process of winnowing. iii. Similarly, natural heat from the Sun causes evaporation of sea water. iv. Evaporation of salty water leaves behind the crystals of salt, thus separating salt from the sea water. v. In both the cases, natural phenomena of nature helped in the process of separa- tion. SESSION 2. METHODS OF SEPARATION 108

—— CCE Based Practice Questions —— AS1-Conceptual Understanding Very Short Answer Type Questions 1. Fill in the blanks. [Refer to Session 7.2 ] (i) Stones are separated from rice by . (ii) Husk is separated from grains by . (iii) The deposition or accumulation of sediments is called as . (iv) The process in which a substance changes directly from solid to gaseous form and vice–versa is called . 2. Answer the following questions in one sentence. [Refer to Session 7.1 ] (v) Identify the mixture among the following and name them: Jangree, coffee, sand, haldi, red chilli. 3. Fill in the blanks. [Refer to Session 7.1 ] (vi) Combination of more than one substance forms a . (vii) Soil is a mixture. (Natural/Man–made). (viii) Lemonade is a mixture. (Natural/Man–made). CHAPTER 7. SEPARATION OF SUBSTANCES 109

Short Answer Type Questions 4. Answer the following questions in 3-4 sentences. (i) [(Session 7.2)] What is sieving? Where is it used? Long Answer Type Questions 5. Answer the following questions in 6-8 sentences. (i) [(Session 7.2)] What are mixtures? Give four examples with their components. State two methods of separating mixtures. AS2-Asking questions and making hypothesis Short Answer Type Questions 6. Answer the following questions in 3-4 sentences. (i) [(Session 7.2)] Complete the following table with suitable methods and the substances which are separated using this method. S. No. Methods of separation Substances 1. Winnowing 2. Separation of mud from water 3. Hand picking 4. Separation of colours from coloured mixture 5. Separation of husk from flour using a sieve CHAPTER 7. SEPARATION OF SUBSTANCES 110

AS3-Experimentation and field investigation Short Answer Type Questions 7. Answer the following questions in 3-4 sentences. (i) [(Session 7.2)] Name the marked parts in the figure. What is the method used in the figure? What is the use of it? (ii) [(Session 7.2)] Perform an experiment to explain the process of sedimentation and decantation. Long Answer Type Questions 8. Answer the following questions in 6-8 sentences. (i) [(Session 7.1)] Put an ink mark on a chalk. Dip it in little water. Leave it for some time. Write your observations. What is this process called? AS4-Information skills and projects Long Answer Type Questions 9. Answer the following questions in 6-8 sentences. (i) [(Session 7.1)] Write down the various components of the mixtures given in the table. CHAPTER 7. SEPARATION OF SUBSTANCES 111

S.No. Mixture Components 1. Sharbat 2. Rock salt 3. Wheat from field 4. Soft drink 5. Tap water AS6-Appreciation and aesthetic sense, Values Long Answer Type Questions 10. Answer the following questions in 6-8 sentences. (i) [(Session 7.2)] How do you appreciate the role of water in several processes of sepa- ration of mixtures? Name a few of them. AS7-Application to daily life, concern to bio diversity Short Answer Type Questions 11. Answer the following questions in 3-4 sentences. (i) [(Session 7.2)] Tea leaves can be strained without a strainer. How does this happen? Long Answer Type Questions 12. Answer the following questions in 6-8 sentences. (i) [(Session 7.2)] Given below are certain things which we commonly use in our daily life. Mention the methods that can be used for the separation of the following mixtures: CHAPTER 7. SEPARATION OF SUBSTANCES 112

i. wheat, sugar and husk ii. rice, gram and iron fillings iii. sand, black gram (urad) and husk Objective Questions AS1-Conceptual Understanding 13. Choose the correct answer. (i) Tea leaves are separated from tea using . (A) sieve (B) cloth (C) strainer (D) none (ii) Sea water is used for preparation of salt by the process of . (A) evaporation (B) sedimentation (C) filtration (D)all the above (iii) Process of distillation is used to get (B) Muddy water (A) Distilled water (C)Aerated water (D)Drinking water (iv) A mixture with small particles of different sizes can be separated by (A) Sieving (B) Sublimation (C) Filtration (D) Decantation (v) If the particles are large in size, the method used for separation is (A) Sieving (B) Hand picking (C) Filtration (D) Sublimation (vi) Method used to separate dissolved substance is (A) Decantation (B) Crystallization CHAPTER 7. SEPARATION OF SUBSTANCES 113

(C) Filtration (D) Distillation (vii) Sedimentation and decantation can be used to separate insoluble substances from (A) Solid (B) Colour (C) Liquid (D) Gas (viii) Winnowing is a method of separating husk from (A) Grain (B) Fruits (C) Sand (D) Liquids (ix) A farmer separates rotten oranges from good ones by (A) Sieving (B) Hand picking (C) Winnowing (D) Chromatography (x) Chromatography is a method used to separate different (A) Liquids (B) Colours (C) Solids (D)Both A and C CHAPTER 7. SEPARATION OF SUBSTANCES 114

SESSION 1 8. FIBRE TO FABRIC FIBRES AND WHAT ARE FABRICS MADE OF 1.1 Mind Map 1.2 Terminology i. Fibres – are greatly elongated substances produced by plants and animals that can be spun into filaments, thread, rope, yarn or made into a fabric by various methods including weaving, knitting, braiding, felting, and twisting. ii. Yarn – is a long continuous length of interlocked fibres, suitable for use in the produc- tion of textiles, sewing, crocheting, knitting, weaving, embroidery etc. iii. Fabric –is a cloth produced by weaving or knitting textile fibres. iv. Calico –is a type of fabric used in book–binding. It is a simple and cheap quality of cotton. v. Coarse fabrics –are fabrics which lack fineness or delicacy in texture and structure. vi. Polyester fabrics –are synthetic fabrics which are very durable and are resistant to most chemicals, stretching and shrinking, wrinkle resistant, mildew and abrasion re- sistant. SESSION 1. FIBRES AND WHAT ARE FABRICS MADE OF 115

1.3 Key Concepts i. We come across a large variety of fabrics in our daily life. ii. Choice of fabric depends upon personal preference, occupation and season. iii. Each type of fabric has different properties such as smoothness, thickness, colour, shrinking property etc. iv. The different properties of fibres make them suitable for use in different seasons. v. A fabric is made of thin thread–like structures called yarn that is further made up of still thinner strands called fibres. vi. Fabric are made of fibres interwoven together to give it a continuous form and shape. vii. Apart from their use as clothes, fabrics are also used in making banners, flags, shoes, curtains, in book binding etc. viii. A special type of fabric is used in book binding called Calico. 1.4 Conceptual Understanding Q1. What will happen if a rain coat is made from cotton fabric? Why? [Refer to TB page 81 Q1] A. i. The purpose of the raincoat is to allow the water to flow on its surface without absorb- ing any water. ii. It should be fully water–proof. iii. However, cotton is absorbant in nature and has the property of absorbing water. iv. So, if the raincoat is made from cotton fabric, it will absorb the rain water falling on it and the purpose of wearing the rain coat will not be served. Q2. Small strand–like structures are called: [Refer to TB page 81 Q6] A) Fabric B) Fibres C) Loom D) Cocoon A. B) Small strand–like structures are called Fibres. SESSION 1. FIBRES AND WHAT ARE FABRICS MADE OF 116

Q3. What would you do to remove wrinkles from your shirt or skirt? [Refer to TB page 81 Q8] A. To remove wrinkles from our clothes, we iron them. Ironing temporarily changes the structure of the fabric fibres from wrinkled or crushed to smooth. 1.5 Appreciation and Aesthetic Sense, Values Q1. The clothes that we wear have a great background. Track the stages (seed to dress) and write your feelings about the people working at different levels of the track. [Refer to TB page 82 Q16] A. Students’ Activity Hints: Given below is an example of different stages in making silk fabric. You can write for any fabric of your choice. Stage People involved Growing or rearing Workers, Farmers, Proprietors silkworms Growing mulberry plants Farmers, Workers Feeding silkworms Workers (Especially females) Collecting silk cocoon Workers Making silk yarn from Workers cocoon Making silk fabric using Factory Workers or Handloom silk yarn workers Making clothes from silk Tailor fabric SESSION 1. FIBRES AND WHAT ARE FABRICS MADE OF 117

SESSION 2 TYPES OF FIBRES 2.1 Mind Map SESSION 2. TYPES OF FIBRES 118

2.2 Terminology i. Natural fibres –are substances produced by plants and animals that can be spun into filament, thread or rope which can be further woven, knitted, matted or bound. ii. Artificial fibres –are also called man–made fibres or synthetic fibres. They consist of chemically developed yarn like polyester, terylene, nylon, acrylic etc. iii. Ginning –refers to the process of separating cotton wool from seeds using hands. iv. Spinning –is the process of making yarn from cotton fibres. v. Weaving –is the process of making a fabric by arranging two sets of yarn together. vi. Looms –are machines used for weaving a fabric. vii. Handlooms –are looms that are worked by man–power. viii. Powerlooms –are mechanised looms run by machines. They are a key development in the industrialisation of weaving. SESSION 2. TYPES OF FIBRES 119

2.3 Key Concepts i. Fibres can be of plant origin or animal origin. ii. Jute and cotton fibres are made up of plants whereas wool is derived from sheep. iii. Silk fibres are obtained from silk worm. iv. Fibres may be natural such as cotton, jute etc. or artificial like polyester, nylon. v. Natural fibres are obtained from natural sources whereas artificial fibres are made by man using chemicals. vi. A number of processes are involved in deriving fabric from fibres. vii. Cotton wool is separated from the seeds by the process called ginning. viii. Spinning is used for making cotton yarn from fibres. ix. Jute, also called the golden fibre, is used for making gunny bags. x. Bamboo, Flax, Hemp are also plant fibres used for making fabric. xi. Two strands of yarn are arranged together in a definite pattern in looms to produce fabric by the process called weaving. 2.4 Conceptual Understanding Q1. Coconut is also a fibre. Name some things made of coconut fibre. [Refer to TB page 81 Q3] A. i. The fibre obtained from coconut is called coir. ii. Coir is coarse fibre and is extracted from the fibrous outer shell of coconut. iii. The coir fibre is relatively water proof and is one of the few natural fibres resistant to damage by salt water. iv. It is used to make floor mats, doormats, brushes, mattresses, sacks and ropes. Q2. Classify the fabric of following items as natural or artificial. [Refer to TB page 81 Q4] Dhoti, Venkatagiri saree, jeans, umbrella cloth, bed sheets, your shirt or skirt, rain coat, gunny bags. A. i. Natural Fabric: Dhoti, Venkatagiri saree, bed sheets, shirt or skirt, gunny bags ii. Artificial Fabric: Umbrella cloth, rain coat, bed sheets, shirt or skirt, jeans (65% cotton + 35% polyester) SESSION 2. TYPES OF FIBRES 120

Q3. Explain the process of making yarn from cotton wool. [Refer to TB page 81 Q5] A. i. A cotton ball is taken and seeds are removed from it by ginning. ii. This cotton is cleaned, washed and combed, and then dyed and coated with chem- icals which makes it stronger to make yarn. iii. Some of it is taken in one hand and cotton is pulled out gently with thumb and forefinger. iv. Continuous twisting of this fibre make yarn. v. This yarn made out of cotton wool is not strong enough to be used for weaving. vi. Takili is used for spinning the yarn to make it strong. vii. Charka is also used to make yarn. The process of making yarn from fibres is called spinning. Q4. Making fabric from cotton yarn is called . [Refer to TB page 81 Q7] A. Making fabric from cotton yarn is called weaving. 2.5 Asking Questions and Making Hypothesis Q1. While purchasing your dress what doubts would you want to clarify from the shop- keeper? [Refer to TB page 81 Q13] A. While purchasing our dress, we would like to clarify the following doubts: i. What is the durability of the cloth? ii. What type of washing does it need–washing in hot water, cold water or dry clean- ing? iii. Is the cloth comfortable and does it provide free air flow to the body? iv. Will it absorb sweat from the body? 2.6 Experimentation and Field Investigation Q1. What did you do to know whether artificial fibres give pungent smell while burning? Write the steps of your experiment. [Refer to TB page 81 Q14] SESSION 2. TYPES OF FIBRES 121

A. We conducted the following experiment: i. Cloth pieces of different fibres were taken and burnt one after another. ii. Wool did not burn quickly. iii. Natural fibres like Cotton, Silk, Jute burnt into ash. iv. Artificial fibres like Nylon, Polyester, Terylene, Rayon shrunk while burning and gave out a pungent smell. 2.7 Information Skills and Projects Q1. Prepare a bag using cloth. Collect pieces of fabric and make designs on your bag by using them. Display it on school display day. [Refer to TB page 81 Q9] A. Students’ Activity Note: The students can do this activity using their imagination and creativity. Q2. Make a scrap book containing pictures of different types of fabrics and name them. [Refer to TB page 81 Q10] A. Students’ Activity Note: Students can take the help of people engaged in textile business to identify the different fabrics and name them. Q3. With the help of atlas, discuss with your teacher and prepare an information chart about spinning mills in your state. [Refer to TB page 81 Q11] A. Students’ Activity (Students can collect information regarding various spinning mills within Telangana and can point them in a chart.) Hints: Following are some examples of spinning mills in our state: i. Telangana Spinning Mills Association, Secunderabad. ii. Amaravathi textiles Pvt. Ltd. Chilkalurpet. iii. Bhavanam Spinning Mills, Guntur etc. SESSION 2. TYPES OF FIBRES 122

Q4. Collect news items about handloom workers and cotton growers. Analyze one news item in your own way. [Refer to TB page 81 Q12] A. Students’ Activity Students can refer to the the given links for news updates. i. www.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/category/2198/thesaurus/ handloom – work- ers / ii. timesofindia.indiatimes.com handloom worker Q5. Observe the logos. What do this mean? Collect information about this from your school library. [Refer to TB page 82 Q15] A. APCO: Andhra Pradesh Co–operative Society Apco is the society established by government to help the handloom workers in Andhra Pradesh. Co–optex: Co–Operative Textiles Co–optex is the brand of fabric produced by the government recognised handloom workers. Government is marketing them. SESSION 2. TYPES OF FIBRES 123

2.8 Communication Through Drawing and Model Making Q1. Make a flow chart showing the process of getting a fabric (clothes) from cotton plant. [Refer to TB page 81 Q2] A. SESSION 2. TYPES OF FIBRES 124

—— CCE Based Practice Questions —— AS1-Conceptual Understanding Very Short Answer Type Questions 1. State true or false. [Refer to Session 8.1 ] (i) We use cotton in our day–to–day life. [] (ii) Jute is not a type of fabric. [] (iii) Plastic pollutes the environment around us and does not decompose fast. ] [ 2. Fill in the blanks. [Refer to Session 8.1 ] (iv) The uniform we wear is made of a fibre called . (v) bags are very harmful for the environment and should be replaced by cotton or jute bags. 3. State true or false. [Refer to Session 8.2 ] (vi) Making yarn from fibre is called spinning. [] (vii) During the freedom struggle, Mahatma Gandhi encouraged people to wear clothes made of jute. [] 4. Fill in the blanks. [Refer to Session 8.2 ] (viii) is used to make jute bags. CHAPTER 8. FIBRE TO FABRIC 125

(ix) is famous for carpet industry. (x) The looms that are worked by man power are called . Long Answer Type Questions 5. Answer the following questions in 6-8 sentences. (i) [(Session 8.2)] Describe the process of making of jute yarn. Write the uses of jute. (ii) [(Session 8.2)] Write a note on the types of fibres. AS2-Asking questions and making hypothesis Short Answer Type Questions 6. Answer the following questions in 3-4 sentences. (i) [(Session 8.1)] Your friend wants to buy a new dress. Usually she prefers cotton materials only. What questions you would like to ask her? AS3-Experimentation and field investigation Short Answer Type Questions 7. Answer the following questions in 3-4 sentences. (i) [(Session 8.1)] Observe the materials around your house and note down the fabric that they are made of. Material Fabric Eg: Boots Leather CHAPTER 8. FIBRE TO FABRIC 126

Long Answer Type Questions 8. Answer the following questions in 6-8 sentences. (i) [(Session 8.1)] How will you prepare a mat using coconut leaves? Write the steps of mat making. AS4-Information skills and projects Short Answer Type Questions 9. Answer the following questions in 3-4 sentences. (i) [(Session 8.1)] i. Collect a cotton ball from a nearby cotton field, remove the seed and observe it under a magnifying glass. What do you observe? ii. Now make a list of various things you see around you that are made of cotton. Long Answer Type Questions 10. Answer the following questions in 6-8 sentences. (i) [(Session 8.2)] Collect information about disadvantages of using plastics. AS5-Communication through drawing and model making Long Answer Type Questions 11. Answer the following questions in 6-8 sentences. (i) [(Session 8.2)] Observe the given images and label each of them. A) B) CHAPTER 8. FIBRE TO FABRIC 127

C) D) E) AS7-Application to daily life, concern to bio diversity 128 Short Answer Type Questions 12. Answer the following questions in 3-4 sentences. (i) [(Session 8.1)] How is calico fibre useful for us? CHAPTER 8. FIBRE TO FABRIC

Objective Questions AS1-Conceptual Understanding 13. Choose the correct answer. (i) is a natural fibre. (A) Jute (B) Nylon (C) Polyester (D) Rayon (ii) soil is good for cotton cultivation. (A) Red (B) Laterite (C) Black (D) Sandy (iii) The correct sequence in the following is (A) Fabric→ Fibre→ Yarn (B) Yarn→ Fibre→ Fabric (C)Fibre→ Yarn→ Fabric (D)Yarn→ Fabric→ Fibre (iv) is also called golden fibre. (A) Cotton (B) Flax (C) Nylon (D) Jute (v) The basic unit to measure time using clocks, watches and stop clocks is (A) Millisecond (B) Seconds (C) Minutes (D) Hours CHAPTER 8. FIBRE TO FABRIC 129

(vi) is difficult to decompose. (A) Jute (B) Cotton (C) Polythene (D) Wool (vii) Method for making waterproof garments was invented by (A) Waldo L Semon (B) Charles Macintosh (C)Dr Miyushi Okamato (D)Charles Babbage (viii) Jute fibre is obtained from of jute plant. (A) stem (B) root (C) leaves (D) fruit (ix) Two sets of yarn arranged together to make fabric is called . (A) spinning (B) weaving (C) knitting (D) retting (x) The process of removing seeds from cotton wool is called . (A) retting (B) spinning (C) ginning (D) extracting (xi) Warangal is famous for industry. (A) carpet (B) leather (C) plastic (D) cotton (xii) People burnt imported clothes during . (A) salt Satyagraha (B) non Co–operation Movement (C)quit India Movement (D)swadeshi Movement CHAPTER 8. FIBRE TO FABRIC 130

PROJECT BASED QUESTIONS —— Project Based Questions —— (i) Discuss with your teachers and parents and make a list of different methods used for separation of components of mixtures. Also give atleast two examples each where these methods of separation find application in our daily life. (ii) Spiders are capable of living and surviving anywhere. The spider species is among the world’s most diversified living creature and is ranked 7. They can survive in the harshest conditions such as dry climates. Collecting pictures from internet, make a scrap book on spiders available in different habitats. (iii) Prepare a food web for a Desert region on poster board or construction paper showing the connections of at least 12 organisms in that region. You can use pictures, print outs or drawings to show the connections between the organisms you selected. (iv) What happens when the water cycle doesn’t work for people. Discover how simple interventions can restore balance in the system and how you can help and make a project report on it. (v) Take a bar magnet and go around your house to see what will stick to it or feel like it is attracted to it. Keep a list of the items you tried. Check whether the attraction was strong, weak, or none. Then try to figure out why. (vi) Formulate inexpensive balanced diet from locally available food material. Collect pic- tures of the food materials from internet or magazines and make a scrap book. (vii) Make a list of the different kinds of birds available in your locality and mention the kind of food eaten by them. Make a scrap book by collecting pictures of those birds from internet or magazines. Try to mention the scientific names of those birds. (viii) Using internet, collect pictures and information on various handloom fabrics and prod- ucts. Also write a note on the importance of handloom industry in economy of our country. Project Based Questions 131

Additional AS Based Practice Questions Chapter 1: Our Food Q1. Why your mother adds salt in greater quantity while preparing pickles? Appreciate its role in food storage. (AS6) Q2. Which property of onion makes it a great food component? (AS6) Q3. What are the different ways that we commonly use to prepare non vegetarian food? (AS7) Chapter 2: Playing with magnets. Q1. Draw diagram showing attraction between two bar magnets. (AS5) Q2. With the help of diagrams represent magnets of different shapes. (AS5) Q3. “Magnetic compass was a great tool of the past”. How do you appreciate this statement? (AS6) Q4. (AS5) i. Which experiment is being carried out in the above diagram? ii. Which type of magnet is shown above? Chapter 3: Rain; Where does it come from? Q1. How can we form clouds in kitchen? Describe it experimentally. (AS3) Q2. What materials are required to study the process of condensation? (AS3) Q3. Prepare a detailed report on acid rain for elocution in your school? (AS4) Q4. What are the possible consequences of global warming on rainfall? How will it affect the water cycle? (AS7) Q5. Represent diagrammatically the three stages of water? How are they interrelated? (AS5) Q6. Ramu argues that water in gaseous state is the most important form of water out of the three forms. Write your views expressing the importance of all the forms of water in nature. (AS7) Additional AS-Based Practice Questions 132

Chapter 4. What do animals eat? Q1. Sort out the given animals as hunters and non- hunters? (AS4) Vulture, tiger, cow, duck, dog, lizard, fishes. Q2. Make a detailed report on nocturnal animals. (AS4) Q3. Collect pictures of herbivore animals and write its characteristics? (AS5) Q4. Draw a food chain consisting of fish, frog, larvae and crane? (AS5) Q5. Appreciate the structure of bird that helps them fly? (AS6) Q6. Have you seen ducks? How do they obtain their food? (AS7) Q7. Find out animals from your surroundings having different eating habits. (AS7) Chapter 6: Habitat Q1. Prepare a detailed project report on mangroves. (As4) Q2. Compare and contrast the characteristics of any water plant with land plant that you see in your daily life. (AS7) Q3. Like animals and plants do we also have a habitat? Comment. (AS7) Chapter 7: Separation of substances. Q1. While cooking food at home your mother uses various methods to clean the food item before cooking. What questions will you pose to know why she does so? (AS2) Q2. With the help of diagram show the process of decantation. (AS5) Q3. With the help of a flowchart describe various methods of separation of substances. (AS5) Q4. List out the importance of filter paper in separation of impurities. (AS6) Q5. Collect information on how we obtain salt from sea water? (AS4) Q6. (AS5) A 133 B i. Label A and B in the picture above? ii. Which experiment is being carried out in the given diagram? iii. Describe the process in brief. Additional AS-Based Practice Questions

Chapter 8: Fibre to fabric Q1 Predict what would happen if all clothes are made up of same fibre? (AS2) Q2. Draw diagram of a jute plant. (AS5) Q3. Which machine can be appreciated for weaving a fabric? (AS6) Q4. Appreciate the role of handloom workers in providing suiting for us? (AS6) Q5. What other fibres you can identify except cotton and jute in day to day life. Mention their source. (AS7) Additional AS-Based Practice Questions 134