202110185-APEX-STUDENT-WORKBOOK-SCIENCE-G06-PART1

2.5 Asking Questions and Making Hypothesis Q1. Revanth blew air from his mouth onto the mirror while he was getting ready to go to school. He observed that the image in the mirror was not clear. Do you have any doubts to raise in this situation. Prepare questions on your doubts. [Refer to TB page 29 Q14] A. i. What happened to the mirror? Why is it not giving a clear image? ii. What is there in that Revanth blow from his mouth? iii. What is the role of the mirror in becoming blurred with the air blown by Revanth? iv. Why did the dampness on the mirror make the image blur? Q2. Why does the driver of a vehicle wipe the glass inside, even if the wiper is working on the outer surface of the glass when he drives in rain? [Refer to TB page 29 Q15] A. i. Wiper on the outer surface of the glass wipes the water falling on the outer surface of the glass. ii. Due to the condensation of water vapour inside the car the surface of the glass inside the car becomes damp and the driver cannot see the objects outside the vehicle through this glass. iii. So the driver wipes the glass inside the vehicle to remove the dampness formed on it. 2.6 Appreciation and Aesthetic Sense, Values Q1. How do you feel when you see the beauty of Rainbow in the sky? Express your feelings in the form of a song or a poem. [Refer to TB page 29 Q11] A. Students’ Activity Clues : Colours of the rainbow, its shape, how the weather looks at that time. SESSION 2. CONDENSATION, CLOUDS AND RAIN 49

SESSION 3 WATER CYCLE 3.1 Mind Map 3.2 Terminology i. Water cycle – The circulation of water into water vapour by evaporation, water vapour to clouds and clouds to rain by condensation is known as “water cycle”. ii. Deforestation – Deforestation is the clearing of trees, transforming a forest into cleared land. iii. Droughts –A prolonged period of abnormally low rainfall, leading to a shortage of wa- ter. SESSION 3. WATER CYCLE 50

3.3 Key Concepts i. The circulation of water into gaseous form (water vapour) by evaporation, water vapour to clouds and clouds to liquid form (rain) by condensation is known as “water cycle”. ii. Rain water from clouds reach oceans and lakes through water cycle and this is a continuous process. iii. Now a days the atmospheric conditions are not favourable for clouds to get cooled. iv. Consequently, there is a decrease in rainfall. 3.4 Conceptual Understanding Q1. How are clouds formed? [Refer to TB page 28 Q1] A. i. On a warm day, the sun heats up the ground as well as the water in seas, oceans, rivers, ponds etc. This water converts into water vapour by the process of evaporation. ii. This water vapour rises up into the atmosphere. iii. As we move away from the surface of the earth, the air becomes cooler. Hence, when water vapour reaches higher levels it condenses due to contact with cool air and forms small drops on water droplets. iv. These tiny droplets remain floating in air at higher levels of the atmosphere and ap- pear as clouds. Q2. How does the rain water reach from clouds to rivers or oceans? [Refer to TB page 28 Q2] A. i. When it rains ponds, lakes etc., are filled with water. ii. Water from rainfall runs down as small streams. iii. These small streams join together and make bigger streams. iv. These bigger streams join the rivers. v. The rivers flow down to seas and oceans. vi. Some of these rain water seeps into the ground and becomes ground water. SESSION 3. WATER CYCLE 51

3.5 Communication Through Drawing and Model Making Q1. Draw a diagram to explain water cycle? [Refer to TB page 29 Q10] A. 3.6 Appreciation and Aesthetic Sense, Values Q1. How do you appreciate the contribution of water cycle in making water available for various needs of plants and animals? [Refer to TB page 29 Q13] A. i. The daily activities of both plants and animals require water, so water gets used up continuously. ii. Due to water cycle the used up quantity of water comes back to the earth. iii. Water cycle ensures that the ground water is always replenished. iv. Hence we can say that water cycle makes water available for the various needs of plants and animals. SESSION 3. WATER CYCLE 52

—— CCE Based Practice Questions —— AS1-Conceptual Understanding Very Short Answer Type Questions 1. Fill in the blanks. [Refer to Session 3.2 ] (i) The process of conversion of water vapour into water is called . (ii) During months of June–September, we get rains from monsoon. (iii) In winter, drops appear on the leaves of plants. (iv) North–East monsoons come in the months . of (v) Water vapour helps in the formation of . (vi) The falling of water droplets from cloud is called . (vii) Acid rain is formed by the combination of and from polluting clouds from nuclear reactor and other fossil fuels. (viii) When clouds become they descend towards earth. (ix) Sometimes big drops of water solidify into ice and fall as pieces of ice known as . (x) The colder air in the upper layers of the atmosphere the clouds. (warms/cools). CHAPTER 3. RAIN: WHERE DOES IT COME FROM? 53

2. Answer the following questions in one sentence. [Refer to Session 3.3 ] (xi) What are hailstones? (xii) What leads water droplets present in the clouds to condense and form large water drops? (xiii) What happens to the rain water which seeps into the ground? 3. Fill in the blanks. [Refer to Session 3.3 ] (xiv) During summer, large quantity of water from seas, rivers etc. from factories are (xv) and . responsible for causing global warming. takes (xvi) Floods and droughts are caused due to disturbance in (xvii) The cycle of and place continuously in nature. 4. Fill in the blanks. [Refer to Session 3.1 ] (xviii) Water is available in nature in forms. (xix) The three forms of water are . (xx) The amount of heat absorbed by water affects its (evaporation, condensation). (xxi) When water is heated, it evaporates and converts into . CHAPTER 3. RAIN: WHERE DOES IT COME FROM? 54

(xxii) Water in liquid form is present in . and (xxiii) The process of water changing into water vapour is called . (xxiv) When water vapour is cooled, it gets converted back into and if it is further cooled it becomes . (gas, water, ice). (xxv) The water vapour which enters into the air through the process of evaporation forms in the sky. (xxvi) Evaporation is a phenomenon/process. Short Answer Type Questions 5. Answer the following questions in 3-4 sentences. (i) [(Session 3.2)] Why does smoke–like vapour comes out of our mouth during winter? 6. Answer the following questions in 3-4 sentences. (i) [(Session 3.3)] What are the factors that can disturb water cycle? Long Answer Type Questions 7. Answer the following questions in 6-8 sentences. (i) [(Session 3.2)] Evaporation and condensation involve change in form of water. De- scribe both the processes. 8. Answer the following questions in 6-8 sentences. (i) [(Session 3.1)] Explain about three states of water. AS2-Asking questions and making hypothesis Short Answer Type Questions 9. Answer the following questions in 3-4 sentences. CHAPTER 3. RAIN: WHERE DOES IT COME FROM? 55

(i) [(Session 3.2)] You have observed black clouds moving in the sky. What questions would you ask to find out more about these clouds? (ii) [(Session 3.2)] One winter morning, while going for a walk you see drops of water over the grass and plants. Give reasons for this phenomenon. AS4-Information skills and projects Long Answer Type Questions 10. Answer the following questions in 6-8 sentences. (i) [(Session 3.1)] Read the following experiment and answer the questions which follow: Take two pieces of cloth, wet them and squeeze out the extra water. Put one piece of cloth in a polythene bag and seal it. Spread the other cloth out in the sun and leave it. After half an hour observe the two pieces of cloth and answer the following: i. Did both the clothes dry up? ii. Which one dried earlier? iii. Why didn’t the other one dry? iv. What conditions are essential for drying? v. What did you conclude from this experiment? AS5-Communication through drawing and model making Long Answer Type Questions 11. Answer the following questions in 6-8 sentences. (i) [(Session 3.3)] Draw and label the water cycle. AS6-Appreciation and aesthetic sense, Values Long Answer Type Questions 12. Answer the following questions in 6-8 sentences. (i) [(Session 3.2)] (i) What are hailstones? Do you think hailstones cause damage? Find out what damages are caused. CHAPTER 3. RAIN: WHERE DOES IT COME FROM? 56

(ii) How do you appreciate the role of monsoons in a farmer’s life? Will monsoons affect your life too? Objective Questions (B) Oceans AS1-Conceptual Understanding (D)All the above 13. Choose the correct answer. (i) Water is evaporated from (A) Seas (C) Rivers (ii) The process responsible for water in nature is . (A) water cycle (B) water circle (C)water way (D)all the above (iii) Which type of day is suitable for drying clothes? (A) Windy day (B) Sunny day (C)Cloudy day (D)A and B (iv) Evaporation of water from the water bodies is a (A) Seasonal process (B) Continuous process (C)Annual process (D)Temporary process (v) Three forms of water (Solid/Liquid/Gas) can be (A) Inter–converted (B) Unchangeable (C) Fused (D)A and B CHAPTER 3. RAIN: WHERE DOES IT COME FROM? 57

(vi) Condensation happens when water vapour (A) Cools down (B) Heats up (C)Remains the same (D)Is frozen (vii) When clouds cool, the size of the water droplets (A) Decreases in size (B) Increases (C)Remains unchanged (D)None of these (viii) The circulation of water into water vapour and then into clouds and then from clouds into rain is known as (A) Water circle (B) Water cycle (C)Water table (D)Water flow (ix) Clouds formed above water bodies move to other places due to (A) Heat (B) Wind (C)Ocean current (D)All of the above (x) All clouds rain (A) do not cause (C)never cause (B) cause (D)b and c CHAPTER 3. RAIN: WHERE DOES IT COME FROM? 58

4. WHAT DO ANIMALS EAT? SESSION 1 INTRODUCTION, FINDING AND TRACKING DOWN OF FOOD 1.1 Mind Map 1.2 Terminology i. Food habits –The way a person or group or any organism eats, considered in terms of what types of food are eaten, in what quantities, and when. ii. Herbivore – A herbivore is an animal that gets its energy from eating plants, and only plants. iii. Carnivore – A carnivore is an animal which eats mostly meat. iv. Omnivore – An omnivore is an animal that eats both plants and animals for their main food. 1.3 Key Concepts i. As human beings, animals also eat a wide variety of food. ii. Different animals have different eating habits. iii. For feeding animals need to locate or track the food for which they use wide range of senses like–smell, sound, hearing, taste, sight and touch. SESSION 1. INTRODUCTION, FINDING AND TRACKING DOWN OF FOOD 59

iv. Dogs use the sense of smell while vultures use vision. Bats depend more on hear- ing while some reptiles depend on taste to locate their food. v. Each group of animals has its own way of tracking and taking in food. vi. Animals are divided into three types on the basis of type of food they consume. They are carnivores, herbivores, omnivores. 1.4 Conceptual Understanding Q1. Name some animals in your house which have the same kind of food habits. [Refer to TB page 41 Q1] A. Animals which have the same kind of food habits are Dogs and Cats Q2. Compare the legs and nails of a dog and hen and say why they are different? [Refer to TB page 41 Q3] A. i. The legs of a dog are strong enough to run in case of emergency. ii. The nails of dog are sharp and straight to hold the food material like bones. iii. The legs of a hen are thin and long to move fast with longer steps and the legs are useful to stand in waste materials for searching food. iv. The nails of hen are strong and slightly curved to scratch the ground with feet and eat worms. SESSION 1. INTRODUCTION, FINDING AND TRACKING DOWN OF FOOD 60

SESSION 2 COLLECTING FOOD 2.1 Mind Map SESSION 2. COLLECTING FOOD 61

2.2 Terminology i. Sucking – To draw (liquid) into the mouth by movements of the tongue and lips that cre- ate suction. ii. Picking –To take some things and leave others. iii. Chewing – To crush or grind with the teeth. iv. Swallowing –Cause or allow (something, especially food or drink) to pass down the throat. v. Rumination – The process of rechewing the cud to further break down plant matter and stimulate digestion is called rumination. 2.3 Key Concepts i. Carnivores that eat animals or flesh have sharp pointed teeth. ii. Many animals have specialized body parts such as mouth parts, hands or feet that help them to collect food. iii. Beaks of birds differ from one another depending upon the type of food they eat. iv. Crow and vultures keep our surrounding clean by eating waste, dead and rotten food materials. And are therefore called as natural scavengers. v. Finding food is one thing, but collecting or capturing it is quite another. vi. Pond skaters detect ripples produced in water by any other insect trapped on the water surface. SESSION 2. COLLECTING FOOD 62

2.4 Conceptual Understanding Q1. Which animals in the forest depend on only plants or only animals for food? [Refer to TB page 41 Q8] A. i. Animals in the forest which depend on only plants for food deer, elephants, zebra and monkey ii. Animals in the forest which depend on only animals for food: Lion, tiger, fox, leopard. Q2. Fill up the following table [Refer to TB page 41 Q9] Examples Body parts used to collect food Beak Tongue Teeth Sucker Strong legs with claws A. Body parts used to collect food Examples Beak Hen, Parrot Tongue Frog, Lizard Teeth Dog, Cat Sucker Leeches Strong legs with claws Lion, Tiger SESSION 2. COLLECTING FOOD 63

Q3. Why do most carnivores live in forests? Give reasons. [Refer to TB page 41 Q10] A. i. Carnivores are flesh eating animals.Ex: tiger, lion, fox, wolf etc. ii. They depend on grass eating animals like deer, giraffe, etc. iii. Forest has a vast grass lands and these herbivores can depend on them for food. iv. Carnivores hunt these animals for food. They cannot live on main land as they cannot get sufficient food. v. Most of the carnivores live in forest as they are wild animals. 2.5 Experimentation and Field Investigation Q1. Observe your surroundings or go to a nearby field and write about the following. [Refer to TB page 41 Q2] a) How does the cow eat the grass? b) What tools are used while doing so? c) In what way can you justify it is an herbivore? A. a) Cow chews food very quickly and swallows and stores it in a part of its stomach. After some time it takes food material back from the stomach to the mouth and chews again. This process is called rumination. b) Cow moves its jaws and while doing so, its teeth and tongue also move. c) Cow eats only grass and plant food. It never eats animals. Hence, cow is a herbivore. 2.6 Information Skills and Projects Q1. Go to a nearby pond where cranes are usually seen. Observe how they catch fish. Write about the process of catching fish. [Refer to TB page 41 Q4] A. i. Cranes stand silently in a pond without causing any disturbance in the water. ii. Cranes eat fish and frogs. iii. When fish moves in water, the waves in water gives a signal about the availability of its food to the crane. iv. The crane could calculate the distance of the fish from it and catches it instanta- neously with its long beak giving no scope for the fish to escape. SESSION 2. COLLECTING FOOD 64

SESSION 3 HOW MUCH AND HOW LITTLE 3.1 Terminology i. Suckers – An attachment organ of parasitic worms or an organ / other structure adapted for sucking nourishment or for clinging to objects by suction. ii. Sharp teeth –Teeth with sharp edges. iii. Hunting –The activity of chasing and killing animals for food or pleasure. iv. Nocturnal –The animals which are active during the night and sleeping during the day time are known as nocturnal animals. 3.2 Key Concepts i. Different animals require different amount of food. Such as the larva of a crane fly eats a lot but an adult crane fly does not eat at all. ii. For getting food, some animals need to hunt while some others do not hunt. iii. Different organisms use different organs to capture food. For Ex: Leeches have special structures called suckers in their mouth to suck blood. iv. Animals differ in their style and ways of eating food. v. Animals eating flesh have sharp teeth. Example Dogs, Lion, Fox etc. vi. Animals that hunt have strong legs to run, sharp claws to catch, sharp teeth to tear flesh. 3.3 Conceptual Understanding Q1. Name some animals which use tongue as a tool for taking in food. [Refer to TB page 41 Q5] A. i. Tongue is used by a dog and a frog as a tool for taking in food. ii. The dog licks with it while frog captures and swallows the food with it. iii. Lizard also captures its food by using its tongue. SESSION 3. HOW MUCH AND HOW LITTLE 65

Q2. The butterfly uses –––––––––––––––to suck honey from flowers. [Refer to TB page 41 Q6] A. The butterfly uses its long hollow tongue to suck honey from flowers. 3.4 Experimentation and Field Investigation Q1. Do the following and record your observations : Collect, one or two earthworms and put them in a bottle containing wet soil. Close it with a lid which has holes. Observe how earthworms get their food. [Refer to TB page 41 Q7] A. The earthworm eats the organic material present in the wet soil. 3.5 Information Skills and Projects Q1. Write a play with dialogues between a parrot and a lion about their food habits and organs they use to get food. Act it with your friends Send it to school district children’s magazine. [Refer to TB page 42 Q15] A. Students’ Activity i. Using the Clues given here, write them as dialogues between a lion and a parrot. ii. Lion is a carnivore, it eats flesh and meat. It needs to hunt for its food, It has sharp teeth. iii. Parrot is a herbivore. It eats fruits and nuts . It uses its beak to hold the fruits and nuts. 3.6 Communication Through Drawing and Model Making Q1. Identify the given animal: i. What does it eat? ii. Which part of the body helps it in eating? [Refer to TB page 42 Q16] SESSION 3. HOW MUCH AND HOW LITTLE 66

A. The given animal is an ant eater. i. It eats ants. ii. Tongue helps it in eating. SESSION 3. HOW MUCH AND HOW LITTLE 67

SESSION 4 FOOD CHAIN 4.1 Mind Map 4.2 Terminology i. Food chains – Food chain is the connection between animals on the basis of their food habits. ii. Food web – Many food chains connected together as a web. 4.3 Key Concepts i. In Nature organisms rely on each other to live. Scientists sometimes describe this dependence using a food chain or a food web. ii. A food chain describes how different organisms eat each other, starting out with a plant and ending with an animal. iii. Each organism in a food chain is connected to the other depending upon its food habits. iv. There are many food chains and, generally, most plants and animals are part of sev- eral chains. When all the chains are drawn together we get a web of chains called as a food web. SESSION 4. FOOD CHAIN 68

4.4 Conceptual Understanding Q1. Identify which of the following statements are wrong and give reasons. [Refer to TB page 42 Q13] a) That which lives in water cannot eat animals. b) Elephants and deer are herbivores living in the forest. c) Birds’ beaks are designed to suit their food habits. d) Sharp claws are useful for hunting. e) Most of the food chains end with herbivorous animals A. (a) That which lives in water cannot eat animals. i. This statement is wrong. There are many animals living in water which eat animals. ii. For example, a blue whale in the sea eats tiny animals called krill. e) Most of the food chains end with herbivorous animals. i. This statement is wrong. Most of the herbivores animals are mild and soft. ii. The food chain normally ends with carnivores animals which are wild. 4.5 AAsskkiinngg QQuueessttiioonnss aanndd MMaakkiinngg HHyyppootthheessiiss Q1. If you want to understand more about food chains what questions would you ask? [Refer to TB page 42 Q14] A. i. What is the use of food chain? ii. What happens if food chain is disturbed? iii. Is there any food chain system in deserts? iv. How many types of food chains can we observe on earth? SESSION 4. FOOD CHAIN 69

4.6 Information Skills and Projects Q1. Prepare a scrap book of animals and separate them into carnivores, omnivores and herbivores. [Refer to TB page 41 Q12] A. Students’ Activity Clues : Collect pictures of all the different types of animals . Classify them into omni- vores, carnivores and herbivores and stick them in the appropriate page 4.7 Communication Through Drawing and Model Making Q1. Make your own food chain and display it in your class room. [Refer to TB page 41 Q11] A. Students’ Activity A reference image is given below. i. What does every food chain start with ? ii. How do we draw a food chain? iii. Is food chain a straight line or can it be branched? SESSION 4. FOOD CHAIN 70

—— CCE Based Practice Questions —— AS1-Conceptual Understanding Very Short Answer Type Questions 1. Fill in the blanks. . [Refer to Session 4.1 ] (i) Examples for herbivores are (ii) Pond skaters detect in the pond and find their food. (iii) and are major source of food in our surroundings. (iv) Animals which depend only on plants for food are called (v) Animals locate their food by using wide range of senses like . and (vi) Animals that depend on other animals for food are called (vii) Dogs find their food by . (viii) Some examples for omnivores are (ix) Animals that eat both plants and animals are called as (x) Some examples for carnivore animals . are 2. Fill in the blanks. [Refer to Session 4.3 ] (xi) Animals which hide during day time and search for their food during night are known as . CHAPTER 4. WHAT DO ANIMALS EAT? 71

(xii) Food chains cannot be represented by a . (xiii) Leeches have special structures in their mouth called . (xiv) Food chain explains the of diverse organisms in nature. (xv) Teeth of ducks act as to get food from water. (xvi) Dogs eat food by using their sharp and . (xvii) Rabbits and squirrels eat seeds and tubers by using their . (xviii) Food chain starts with and ends with . 3. Answer the following questions in one sentence. [Refer to Session 4.2 ] (xix) Which is not a scavenger among the following: Peacock, crow, vulture, all the above. 4. Fill in the blanks. [Refer to Session 4.2 ] (xx) and are called natural scavengers. (xxi) Parrot has a beak. (xxii) Hens use their beaks to pick . 5. Answer the following questions in one sentence. [Refer to Session 4.4 ] (xxiii) Give four examples of animals which have same food habits. CHAPTER 4. WHAT DO ANIMALS EAT? 72

(xxiv) Observe the following and connect them so as to form a food chain: Grass, frog, grasshopper, snake, eagle. 6. Fill in the blanks. [Refer to Session 4.4 ] (xxv) Ants are farmers. (good/bad). (xxvi) There are many animals that live in from huge elephants to tiny ants. (Colonies, groups, herds). food stock for others in (xxvii) The worker ants and the colony along with several other duties. Short Answer Type Questions 7. Answer the following questions in 3-4 sentences. (i) [(Session 4.1)] A hungry dog searching for food, found it in a black polythene bag near the garbage dump. Give reasons why the dog was able to track the food even though it could not see it. Long Answer Type Questions 8. Answer the following questions in 6-8 sentences. (i) [(Session 4.3)] Which animals use tongue as a tool for taking in food? Do their tongues have modifications? What are they? 9. Answer the following questions in 6-8 sentences. (i) [(Session 4.4)] What is a food chain and a food web? Give an example for each of them. CHAPTER 4. WHAT DO ANIMALS EAT? 73

AS2-Asking questions and making hypothesis Very Short Answer Type Questions 10. Answer the following questions in one sentence. (i) [(Session 4.1)] If you wish to find earthworm where would you go? Give reason. 11. Answer the following questions in one sentence. (i) [(Session4.2)] Rita says all organisms have mouth parts adapted to their eating habits. How can you justify this statement by taking into account curved beak of parrots? Short Answer Type Questions 12. Answer the following questions in 3-4 sentences. (i) [(Session 4.1)] You saw a pond skater move rapidly from one end of the pond to the other end to catch an insect. What questions will you ask to find out how this happened? (ii) [(Session 4.1)] Shyam observed cockroaches coming out from their kitchen sink dur- ing night time. What questions he could have asked his mother about them? AS3-Experimentation and field investigation Long Answer Type Questions 13. Answer the following questions in 6-8 sentences. (i) [(Session 4.2)] After observing a cow eating food, answer the following questions: i. What are the parts involved? ii. Do they use their teeth to chew food? iii. Do they chew the food immediately? iv. Why do they move their jaws when they relax? v. Name the process of chewing of food by cows. (ii) [(Session 4.2)] Observe and write how the frogs get their food. (iii) [(Session 4.2)] Observe different types of birds in an open field or surrounding area and write down how they use their beaks. CHAPTER 4. WHAT DO ANIMALS EAT? 74

AS4-Information skills and projects Long Answer Type Questions 14. Answer the following questions in 6-8 sentences. (i) [(Session 4.2)] Animals use their senses to track their food. In the table below, read the information given and answer the questions which follow: Senses used by animals i. Which animal uses maximum senses to track their food? 75 ii. How does the hen use its touch to find food? iii. Which sense is used by most of these organisms? iv. Which of these organisms find food in water? v. Which sense is used the least by all the animals? AS5-Communication through drawing and model making Long Answer Type Questions 15. Answer the following questions in 6-8 sentences. (i) [(Session 4.4)] Make a food web by using the following – Lizard, Grasshopper, Grass, Eagle, Hawk, Mouse, Snake, Rabbit CHAPTER 4. WHAT DO ANIMALS EAT?

AS6-Appreciation and aesthetic sense, Values Short Answer Type Questions 16. Answer the following questions in 3-4 sentences. (i) [(Session 4.2)] Appreciate the role of different types of beaks in birds. Objective Questions AS1-Conceptual Understanding 17. Choose the correct answer. (i) Colonies of ants have type of members. (A) workers (B) soldiers (C)female and male ants (D)all the above (ii) Ants grow for their food needs. (A) aphids (B) fungus (C)A & B (D) paddy (iii) Which animal’s larva eats a lot and doesn’t need to eat at all after changing to an adult? (A) Butterfly (B) Crane fly (C) Frog (D)None of these (iv) Food chains form a when one animal depends upon more than one source and type of food. (A) straight line (B) chain (C) web (D) square (v) Ruminating animals among the following are (A) Cow (B) Buffalo CHAPTER 4. WHAT DO ANIMALS EAT? 76

(C) Camel (D)All the above (vi) Animals that depend only on plants for food are called (A) Omnivores (B) Herbivores (C) Carnivores (D)None of them (vii) Bats depend upon their sense of (B) Touch (A) Hearing (C) Sight (D) Feel (viii) To collect food, hen use their (A) Beak (B) Claws (C) Tongue (D)A and B to track food (ix) To help them take in food, birds have different modifications of (A) Claws (B) Beaks (C) Feathers (D) Eyes (x) Carnivores use strong for taking in food. (A) teeth (B) claws (C) tongue (D)A and B CHAPTER 4. WHAT DO ANIMALS EAT? 77

SESSION 1 6. HABITAT 1.1 Mind Map INTRODUCTION 1.2 Terminology i. Habitat – Habitat is a dwelling place for plants and animals that gives them optimum conditions for life. ii. Aquatic Habitat – An aquatic habitat is a habitat with water. It includes areas that are permanently covered by water and surrounding areas that are occasionally covered by water. iii. Terrestrial Habitat – Land as a habitat is called a terrestrial habitat. 1.3 Key Concepts i. All organisms depend on their surroundings for their needs like food, water, air and shelter. ii. As the area increases, the type and number of organisms living there also usually increases. iii. The surrounding which meets the need of a particular organism in the best manner is the habitat of that organism. iv. Habitat is the place of dwelling of an organism best suited for its survival. For example pond is a habitat for fishes, tree is the habitat for many birds. v. The conditions that support life of organisms in a habitat are temperature, moisture, air, water and availability of food. SESSION 1. INTRODUCTION 78

vi. A habitat can be shared by several kinds of plants and animals. This makes a habitat diverse in nature. vii. Particular organisms live in the specified habitat according to its growth conditions. viii. Land, water, air all form the habitat. 1.4 Conceptual Understanding Q1. What is a habitat? [Refer to TB page 62 Q1] A. Habitat is a dwelling place for plants and animals that gives them optimum conditions for life. Q2. What happens if a habitat is disturbed or destroyed? [Refer to TB page 62 Q6] A. If the habitat is disturbed or destroyed i. Species may get extinct. ii. It may cause green house effect. iii. Wild animals like tigers and lions may attack human habitations. iv. Droughts. v. Slow seasons. Q3. Why do some animals change their habitat? [Refer to TB page 62 Q7] A. Animals change their habitat due to i. Extreme temperatures ii. Insecurity iii. Lack of food iv. Human occupation v. Deforestation vi. Cell phone tower radiation effect vii. Pollution (land,water,environment) viii. Bulging population needs more food and space SESSION 1. INTRODUCTION 79

SESSION 2 POND AS A HABITAT 2.1 Mind Map 2.2 Terminology i. Aquatic habitat – An aquatic habitat is a habitat with water. It includes areas that are permanently covered by water and surrounding areas that are occasionally covered by water. 2.3 Key Concepts i. A pond is a small area of still, fresh water that serves as a home for a variety of organisms. SESSION 2. POND AS A HABITAT 80

ii. A pond has got several layers in which different organisms are well adapted. iii. A pond is divided into three major regions. They are surface water, mid water and bottom water. iv. Organisms like snail, whirling beetle and pond skater live on the surface. v. The surface organisms are easily eaten up because they have little protection for them. vi. Leech and mosquito larva are found in mid water. vii. The bottom of the pond has plants like hydrilla and animals like mussels, flat worms and some maggots. 2.4 Conceptual Understanding Q1. Why cannot fish live on land? [Refer to TB page 62 Q3] A. i. Fishes have gills for respiration. They utilize oxygen dissolved in water and release carbon dioxide into the water. ii. Fishes cannot breathe with their gills on land, so they cannot live on land. 2.5 Asking Questions and Making Hypothesis Q1. I am a living being. I have four legs. I live in water and also on land. Who am I? And guess who are there in my habitat along with me. [Refer to TB page 62 Q11] A. Frog has four legs. It lives both in water and also on land. Turtle will also be in the habitat of frog. 2.6 Experimentation and Field Investigation Q1. Collect a hydrilla plant. Put it in a glass of water and observe for a week how it grows. [Refer to TB page 62 Q9] A. i. Hydrilla grows an inch a day. ii. It occurs in the top 0.5 m of the water column in the glass. iiii. The leaves are 5/8 –inch long, strap shaped with pointed tips and a distinct mid rib. iv. The green leaves are directly attached to the stem. SESSION 2. POND AS A HABITAT 81

SESSION 3 TREE AS A HABITAT 3.1 Mind Map 3.2 Terminology i. Mosses –A small flowerless green plant which lacks true roots, growing in low carpets or rounded cushions in damp habitats and reproducing by means of spores released from stalked capsules. ii. Trunk –The main woody stem of a tree as distinct from its branches and roots. iii. Habitat – Habitat is a dwelling place for plants and animals that gives them optimum conditions for life. SESSION 3. TREE AS A HABITAT 82

3.3 Key Concepts i. Trees provides habitat for a wide variety of organisms. ii. Trees provide shelter and food for a variety of birds and small animals, such as squir- rels and beavers. iii. Many small plants are found growing on the bark of the tree. iv. Some plants and animals are always present on the tree whereas others like birds come and go in search of better living conditions. 3.4 Appreciation and Aesthetic Sense, Values Q1. Raziya does not want to disturb squirrels that eat fruits on the guava tree at her house. Why does she do so? [Refer to TB page 62 Q13] A. i. Raziya does not want to disturb the squirrels that eat fruits on the guava tree, as she likes the squirrels. ii. She also knows that only a few fruits will be eaten by the squirrel. iii. Tree is also a natural habitat for the squirrel , so its a good gesture by her not to disturb them. SESSION 3. TREE AS A HABITAT 83

SESSION 4 OUR HOUSE AS A HABITAT 4.1 Mind Map SESSION 4. OUR HOUSE AS A HABITAT 84

4.2 Terminology i. Terrestrial Habitat – Land as a habitat is called a terrestrial habitat. ii. Voluntary organisations – Voluntary organisation is a group of individuals who enter into an agreement as volunteers to form a body (or organization) to accomplish a purpose. iii. Fodder –Food, especially dried hay or straw, for cattle and other livestock. 4.3 Key Concepts i. We live in houses that protect us from heat and cold, rain etc, and provide shelter for us. ii. Our house not only shelter us but also act as a habitat for other organisms such as pets, lizards, spiders etc. iii. In Orchards, farmers grow a single type of fruit plants; in a mango orchard there will only be mango trees. iv. Plants and animals that live in different places on land like those living on trees, in our houses, fields, forests etc., are said to belong to terrestrial habitat. v. All habitats on land are collectively known as terrestrial habitats. 4.4 Conceptual Understanding Q1. Name some plants and animals that live in terrestrial habitat. What is terrestrial habitat? [Refer to TB page 62 Q2] A. Terrestrial habitat: Plants and animals that live in different places on the land like those living on trees, in our houses, fields, forests, etc., are said to belong to terrestrial habitats. Names of some plants: 1) Mango 2) Guava 3) Sapota 4) Banana 5) Citrus 6) Coconut tree 7) Hibiscus tree 8) Jack tree 9) Lemon tree 10) Rose Names of some animals: 1) Birds 2) Monkeys 3) Squirrels 4) Snakes 5) Ants 6) Spiders 7) Caterpillars 8) Moths 9) Bees 10) Wasps. SESSION 4. OUR HOUSE AS A HABITAT 85

4.5 Communication Through Drawing and Model Making Q1. Prepare a map that represents different habitats which exist in your school. [Refer to TB page 62 Q14] A. Students’ Activity Students can take help of the given map as a reference and replace the branches as school garden, swimming pool, play ground etc. 4.6 Appreciation and Aesthetic Sense, Values Q1. Write your experiences with your pet dog/ cat/ cow.etc. that shows its affection on you. [Refer to TB page 62 Q12] A. i. These pet animals are sure of their shelter and food. ii. They are quite loyal to the person who is looking after them. iii. They welcome their master when they come back from outside. iv. The biological clock in them works and they will be anxiously waiting for the food from their master at the scheduled hours to which they are habituated. (You could add you personal experiences with your pets) SESSION 4. OUR HOUSE AS A HABITAT 86

4.7 Application to Daily Life, Concern to Bio Diversity Q1. Prepare an article to deliver a speech in literary association meeting on ‘Animals also have a right to live’. [Refer to TB page 62 Q15] A. Students’ Activity: A small note has been provided. You could elaborate the content or rewrite your own speech based on your creativity and imagination. Almost all of us grew up eating meat, wearing leather, and going to circuses and zoos. Many of us bought our beloved “pets” at pet shops, had guinea pigs, and kept beautiful birds in cages. We wear clothes made from wool and silk. We never considered the impact of these actions on the animals involved. People often ask if animals should have rights, and quite simply, the answer is “Yes!” Animals surely deserve to live their lives free from suffering and exploitation. All animals have the ability to suffer in the same way and to the same degree that humans do. They feel pain, pleasure, fear, frustration, loneliness, and motherly love. Whenever we consider doing something that would interfere with their needs, we are morally obligated to take them into account. Supporters of animal rights believe that animals have an inherent worth—a value completely separate from their usefulness to humans. We should believe that every creature with a will to live has a right to live free from pain and suffering. SESSION 4. OUR HOUSE AS A HABITAT 87

SESSION 5 DIVERSITY OF HABITATS IN ANDHRA PRADESH 5.1 Mind Map Some plants grow only in specific regions. Some plants are found in many regions. 5.2 Terminology i. Desert habitats – Desert habitats are the homes that animals have made for them- selves in deserts. ii. Coastal area – Coastal areas are commonly defined as the interface or transition areas between land and sea, including large inland lakes. 5.3 Key Concepts i. In broader sense habitats are classified as terrestrial and aquatic. ii. Desert is a type of terrestrial habitat mainly sheltering animals living in sand or desert. iii. However composition of organisms in different terrestrial habitat is different. iv. The plants that grow in coastal regions may not grow in regions of Telangana and vice versa. SESSION 5. DIVERSITY OF HABITATS IN ANDHRA PRADESH 88

v. Different kinds of birds come from long distances to Kolleru and Pullicat lake of our state. 5.4 Conceptual Understanding Q1. “Animal skin is a habitat for some organisms.” What do you understand by this state- ment? [Refer to TB page 62 Q4] A. i. We often find some insects on the skin of a buffalo. Hence, buffalo skin is the habitat for that insect. ii. We understand that depending upon the type of conditions suitable to the organism different organisms exist in different habitats. Q2. Identify the habitat in which the following live. More than one organism may be present in one habitat (use information given in the help box ) [our intestine, pond margin, kitchen, garden, tree, underground, grass] [Refer to TB page 62 Q5] A. i) Our intestine –Bacteria, hook worm. ii) Pond margin -Several green grasses, frogs, cranes, crabs etc. iii) Kitchen - Cockroach, lizards, rats, ants, flies, bacteria etc. iv) Garden- Rats, bees, butterfly, ants, flies, earthworm etc. v) Tree - Bees, wasps, moths, squirrels, blue tits, hawks, insects, larva etc. vi) Underground - Snakes, rats, earthworm, crabs vii) Grass - Bacteria, grasshopper etc. Q3. Observe a spider in its web and write how a spider shares its habitat. [Refer to TB page 62 Q8] A. Spiders are found all over the world in all sorts of habitats from the sea shore to the dessert –on the ground, under rocks, on plants, in trees, in caves, on water. Each type of spider tends to be found in a habitat to which it has become specifically adapted. SESSION 5. DIVERSITY OF HABITATS IN ANDHRA PRADESH 89

5.5 Experimentation and Field Investigation Q1. Pictures of different kinds of plants and animals which live in plants and lakes in our surroundings are given below for you. Try to know their local names with the help of your teacher and write them in your notebook. [Refer to TB page 63 Q16] A. A few names of these animals are given in the Telugu language 90 Dragon fly : Tuniga Mussel : Alchipa Pond snail : Natha King fisher : Lakhumukhi pitta Leech : Jalagaa SESSION 5. DIVERSITY OF HABITATS IN ANDHRA PRADESH

Lotus: Tamar Larva : Doma Dimbhakam 5.6 Communication Through Drawing and Model Making Q1. Take a map of Andhra Pradesh and colour the areas where mangroves grow. [Refer to TB page 62 Q10] Students’ Activity A. Take the map of AP. Colour the areas at estuary regions where mangroves grow. Estuary regions are places where the river water joins the sea. The largest mangrove community lies in the delta of the Godavari and Krishna rivers in Andhra Pradesh. [Hint: The major, medium and minor rivers, which flow through the state, are about 40. Out of these, the most important rivers are (1) The Godavari (2) The Krishna (3) The Pennar and (4) The Vamsadhara. The majority of the mangroves are present in the estuaries of these rivers. The Godavari mangroves are located in the Godavari estuary in the East Godavari district. Krishna mangroves are located in the Krishna estuary of Krishna and Guntur districts. Apart from these estuaries, mangroves are also found in small patches in the coasts of Visakhapatnam, West Godavari, Guntur and Prakasam districts. (Ref https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/073b/ee19964786ad9f86ea60ddf0b37156054206.pdf)] SESSION 5. DIVERSITY OF HABITATS IN ANDHRA PRADESH 91

—— CCE Based Practice Questions —— AS1-Conceptual Understanding Very Short Answer Type Questions 1. Answer the following questions in one sentence. [Refer to Session 6.3 ] (i) Name one animal which lives at the base of trees. Do you think it faces any danger from other animals? 2. Fill in the blanks. [Refer to Session 6.3 ] (ii) are habitats dominated by trees. 3. Fill in the blanks. [Refer to Session 6.2 ] (iii) Plants that we see in the water are called plants. (iv) Ponds, tanks, small garden pools etc. are examples of . (v) Plants like are found at the bottom of the pond. CHAPTER 6. HABITAT 92

(vi) Food is available in the form of and matter at the bottom of the pond. 4. Fill in the blanks. [Refer to Session 6.1 ] (vii) Habitat shows the of nature. (viii) The surroundings which meet the needs of a particular organism in the best manner is the of that organism. (ix) is the habitat for crow. (nest/tree). (x) As the area increases, the type and number of organisms living there usually (increases/decreases). 5. Fill in the blanks. [Refer to Session 6.5 ] (xi) Mangroves only grow in region. (xii) Cactus, aloe vera, acacia are called plants. (xiii) bird is seen in Kurnool district. (xiv) Desert plants and animals are suited to conditions and differences. (xv) Grapes are grown in region. 6. Answer the following questions in one sentence. [Refer to Session 6.4 ] CHAPTER 6. HABITAT 93

(xvi) Name a medicinal plant which you grow in your home. What is it used for? (xvii) What are all habitats on our land collectively called as? Do you think we would be able to survive without this? 7. Fill in the blanks. type of fruit plants. (single/many). [Refer to Session 6.4 ] . (xviii) In orchards, farmers grow plants are grown inside the house. (xix) All habitats on land are known as . (xx) and (xxi) Terrestrial means animals living on and . (xxii) Our house protects us from Long Answer Type Questions 8. Answer the following questions in 6-8 sentences. (i) [(Session 6.2)] Name any two terrestrial and aquatic habitats. Give two examples of animals who live in each of them. Why do these animals prefer that habitat? AS2-Asking questions and making hypothesis Very Short Answer Type Questions 9. Answer the following questions in one sentence. [Refer to Session 6.5 ] (i) Why are mangroves grown in coastal areas? Give reason. CHAPTER 6. HABITAT 94

Short Answer Type Questions 10. Answer the following questions in 3-4 sentences. (i) [(Session 6.2)] Different organisms live in different parts of the pond. Give three rea- sons to support this hypothesis with suitable examples. (ii) [(Session 6.2)] During a visit to a nearby park you saw many insects, birds and reptiles. Ask at least four questions to find out about the organisms and their habitats. AS3-Experimentation and field investigation Long Answer Type Questions 11. Answer the following questions in 6-8 sentences. (i) [(Session 6.3)] After observing ‘Tree as a habitat’ for various kinds of insects and animals based on your recording and analysis, answer the following questions. i. What are there at the base of the tree? ii. What are there on the trunk of the tree? iii. Mention the animals moving between the branches. iv. Where do you find bees and wasps? v. What are the other observations that you find in ‘Tree as a habitat’? vi. What kind of birds you saw on the tree? vii. Why do you think all these animals have made tree as habitat? 12. Answer the following questions in 6-8 sentences. (i) [(Session 6.4)] You observe that your house is a habitat for various animals and plants. Based on your observation, answer the following questions: i. Some animals are seen only at nights. Which are they? ii. Lizards are also useful to us. How? iii. Name any two decorative plants in our house. iv. Which animals do we keep as pets? CHAPTER 6. HABITAT 95

v. Do you see ants in all seasons? vi. Name some nocturnal animals which live with us in our homes. Do they disturb you at night? What will you do about it? vii. Name the animals which live with us and give us milk. How can we take good care of them? AS4-Information skills and projects Short Answer Type Questions 13. Answer the following questions in 3-4 sentences. (i) [(Session 6.5)] Collect information on ‘Pulusa Fish’ Long Answer Type Questions 14. Answer the following questions in 6-8 sentences. (i) [(Session 6.2)] Collect information on coral reefs and their habitat. AS5-Communication through drawing and model making Long Answer Type Questions 15. Answer the following questions in 6-8 sentences. (i) [(Session 6.2)] Draw the diagram of a pond and label the regions. Name any two creatures that live in each region. 16. Answer the following questions in 6-8 sentences. (i) [(Session 6.5)] Draw a diagram of the following plants and animals: (a) Flatworm (b) Lotus (c) Grass (d) Dragonfly (e) Hydrilla AS6-Appreciation and aesthetic sense, Values Short Answer Type Questions 17. Answer the following questions in 3-4 sentences. CHAPTER 6. HABITAT 96

(i) [(Session 6.3)] How do you appreciate the interdependence of different organisms? Write examples. (ii) [(Session 6.3)] “We should not cut down the trees”. Is this statement correct? How do you support this? 18. Answer the following questions in 3-4 sentences. (i) [(Session 6.4)] Do you agree that because of man, many birds and animals are falling in danger of extinction? Why do you think so? Long Answer Type Questions 19. Answer the following questions in 6-8 sentences. (i) [(Session 6.4)] Man is encroaching the habitat of many animals. Prepare a slogan or a poster to stop man from doing so. (ii) [(Session 6.4)] A pigeon made a nest on the window–side to lay eggs. But your father wants to throw it away because it will create dirt. Write your feelings about it. AS7-Application to daily life, concern to bio diversity Short Answer Type Questions 20. Answer the following questions in 3-4 sentences. (i) [(Session 6.5)] Write a note on diversity of habitat in Andhra Pradesh. Objective Questions (B) Space AS1-Conceptual Understanding (D)Both A & C 21. Choose the correct answer. (i) Example for a habitat (A) Tree (C) Pond CHAPTER 6. HABITAT 97

(ii) Aquatic means relating to (B) Sky (A) Land (C) Forest (D) Water (iii) Which of these creatures live on the ponds surface? (A) Snail (B) Pond skater (C) Fish (D)A and B (iv) Which creature live on the fringe of the pond? (A) Fish (B) Leeches (C)Flat worms (D)None of these (v) Name the organism which can swim and live in a pond habitat. (A) Prawn (B) Kingfisher (C)Dragon fly (D) Fish (vi) Organisms live in their particular habitat for this/these reason/reasons. (A) For food and water (B) For security (C)For suitable temperature (D)All the above (vii) Habitats show the diversity of (B) Human being (A) Nature (D)Non–living things (C)Dead organisms (viii) If a habitat is disturbed, a species may CHAPTER 6. HABITAT 98