202110185-APEX-STUDENT-WORKBOOK-SCIENCE-G06-PART1

Science Workbook_6_P_1.pdf 1 18-10-2019 17:14:21 Name: ___________________________________ Section: ________________ Roll No.: _________ School: __________________________________

Table of Contents 1 22 1 OUR FOOD 43 2 PLAYING WITH MAGNETS 59 3 RAIN: WHERE DOES IT COME FROM? 78 4 WHAT DO ANIMALS EAT? 100 6 HABITAT 115 7 SEPARATION OF SUBSTANCES 131 8 FIBRE TO FABRIC 132 PROJET BASED QUESTIONS ADDENDUM: ADDITIONAL AS- BASED PRACTICE QUESTIONS TABLE OF CONTENTS

SESSION 1 1. OUR FOOD 1.1 Mind Map FOOD AND FOOD INGREDIENTS SESSION 1. FOOD AND FOOD INGREDIENTS 1

1.2 Terminology i. Ingredient –Ingredient is a component or necessary part of something. ii. Asafoetida (Inguva) –A Eurasian plant of the parsley family, from which asafoetida gum is obtained. iii. Rooster –An adult male domestic chicken. 1.3 Key Concepts i. We all need food to survive. ii. Plants and animals are the two basic sources of food. iii. All or some part of plant such as stem, root, leaves etc, is used as food. iv. Any food item is made up of different ingredients. v. Food is required for being healthy and gaining energy. vi. Ingredients of a packed food item are mentioned on their packets like biscuit packets or on cold drink bottle. vii. Food habits depend upon the region and culture of an individual or community. People living in one region usually share common food habits. 1.4 Conceptual Understanding Q1. List out the names of some plants that grow in your village. Which parts of it are used as food? [Refer to TB page 10 Q6] A. No. PlanPtlaNnatmNeame ParPt aursteudseads faosofdood 1. Banana Flower, Fruit 2. Spinach Leaves SESSION 1. FOOD AND FOOD INGREDIENTS 2

No. PlanPtlaNnatmNeame ParPt aursteudseads faosofdood 3. Mango Fruit 4. Cabbage 5. Coriander Leaves 6. Potato Leaves 7. Sugarcane Stem 8. Onion Stem 9. Radish Stem 10. Turnip Root 11. Carrot Root 12. Wheat Root 13. Pea Seeds 14. Rice Seeds 15. Broccoli Seeds 16. Cauliflower Flower Flower Q2. Latha’s mother has prepared the following statements for you. Find out the wrong ones among these, don’t forget to give your reasons. [Refer to TB page 10 Q11] (a) We can get food from plants and animals only. SESSION 1. FOOD AND FOOD INGREDIENTS 3

(b) Spices, oils, salt and meat are the ingredients of a chicken curry. (c) Plants are the source of honey. A. (a) Statement ‘a’ is wrong. All the food products are not obtained from plants or animals. Eg. Salt which is required for cooking is not obtained from plants or animals. Salt is prepared by evaporation of salt water. c) Plants are a source of honey – This statement is partially true. Since nectar from flowers is used by bees to make honey. Q3. What are the common food items usually eaten by you? [Refer to TB page 9 Q1] A. The following are some common food items usually eaten by me. i. Rice, dal, milk, vegetables ii. Idly, bread, jam iii. Chutney, sambar, rasam iv. Fruits, coffee and tea 1.5 EExxppeerriimmeennttaattiioonn aanndd FFiieelldd IInnvveessttiiggaattiioonn Q1. List out the ingredients needed to make vada. Are they same for dosa? Identify the differences in your list. [Refer to TB page 10 Q10] A. i. The ingredients used to make Vada are rice, black gram, bengal gram, green chilli, coriander leaves. ii. The ingredients for Dosa are rice, black gram. iii. The main ingredients for Dosa are rice and black gram, but vada can be made from different types of ingredients (dals) depending on the individual tastes. Q2. Make a list of animals and insects from which we get food. [Refer to TB page 10 Q15] (a) Write the names of these animals on slips of paper. On the other side of the slip, write the names of food we get from the animals –milk, eggs or meat. (b) Sort the slips into groups. Write the names of the animals in the correct portions of the circles shown below. SESSION 1. FOOD AND FOOD INGREDIENTS 4

(c) Are there any portions where none of the animals fit? Explain why? A. (a) (b) c) Yes, the Venn diagram consists of a region where no animals fit. i. The animals which give birth to young ones do not lay eggs, they give milk and meat. ii. Pig also gives milk but pigs are considered difficult to milk. iii. The reason making pigs less appealing as a source of milk than other more conventional animals (such as dairy cattle), is their cleanliness and diet. iv. The flavor of pig milk has been described as “gamy”. The pig milk is not used by human as commercial product, so it is not included in the above Venn diagram. 1.6 Information Skills and Projects Q1. Collect any wrapper of packaged food. Read the information details and answer the following questions. [Refer to TB page 9 Q4] a) When was it manufactured and how long can we use it? b) What ingredients does it contain? Name them. SESSION 1. FOOD AND FOOD INGREDIENTS 5

A. a) Name of the packaged food: Whole Wheat Atta Date of manufacturing: 26th April 2012 How long can we use it: Best before four months from packaging Date of package: 1st May 2012 The above information gives the manufacturing date and information about expiry of the packaged food. b) Ingredients: Whole Wheat (bran, germ, and endosperm) Nutritional Value: i. Energy (kcal) –340 ii. Protein (g) –12 iii. Carbohydrate (g) –70 iv. Added sugar (g) –NIL v. Fat (g) –1.8 vi. Saturated fat (g) –1.8 vii. Poly unsaturated fat (g) –0.8 viii. Mono unsaturated fat (g) –0.2 ix. Trans fat (g) –NIL x. Cholesterol (mg) –NIL Q2. Collect information about the main food habits of different states of India. Refer to the Atlas, library books and discuss with your teacher. [Refer to TB page 10 Q13] A. Students’ Activity Examples have been given for your reference. Generally people living in one region share common food habits. State: Andhra Pradesh i. In our state, geographical and climatic conditions are more suitable for growing rice. ii. Though farmers grow various types of food crops, we generally use paddy. iii. We eat more rice as compared to other cereals like wheat or maize. SESSION 1. FOOD AND FOOD INGREDIENTS 6

State: Rajasthan i. In Rajasthan, maize, bajra and wheat is produced more than rice. ii. The main food in Rajasthan is chapatti or roti, made from wheat, bajra or maize. Q3. Find out the ingredients of the given food items. Pachipulusu, coconut chutney, jilebi, onion pakodi. [Refer to TB page 9 Q2] A. S.No Food items Ingredients 1. Pachipulusu Roasted brinjal, Onion, Green chillies, Coriander, Curry leaf, Tamarind, Salt. 2. Coconut Coconut pieces, Bengal gram dal, chutney Black gram dal, Chillies, Mustard, Tamarind, Salt, Turmeric and Asafoetida. 3. Jilebi Rice powder, Black gram powder, Jaggery, Sunflower oil (for preparation). 4. Onion pakodi Chillies, Onions, Besan, Rice powder, Salt, Sunflower oil (for preparation). SESSION 1. FOOD AND FOOD INGREDIENTS 7

SESSION 2 METHODS OF PREPARATION OF FOOD 2.1 Mind Map 2.2 Terminology i. Boiling –refers to cooking of food by immersion in water that has been heated to near its boiling point (100°C). ii. Steaming –is the cooking of food by steam (Moist heat) under varying degrees of pressure. iii. Fermenting –is the process in which microorganisms like yeast and bacteria cause organic substances to break down into simpler substances. SESSION 2. METHODS OF PREPARATION OF FOOD 8

2.3 Key Concepts i. Foods are prepared in different ways using different procedures. ii. Common practice for food preparation includes boiling, steaming, frying, fermenting etc. iii. The method of food preparation and types of ingredients provide taste to food. iv. Apart from it taste of food also depend on cultural practices of the region. v. Different ingredients not only provide taste but also act as a source of important body building components. vi. Onions are an excellent antioxidant, and they contain anti–allergy, antiviral and anti- histamine properties. vii. Sweet potatoes are an excellent source of carotenoid antioxidants. 2.4 Asking Questions and Making Hypothesis Q1. Shahina’s mother always cooks plain rice! If the same rice is used to make khichdi, payasam or biryani, how would you feel eating those? [Refer to TB page 10 Q5] A. i. I would be eager to eat khichdi, payasam or biryani because they all have different tastes and would be a change from eating plain rice regularly. ii. Though khichdi, payasam and biryani have the same main component, i.e., rice, they differ in taste due to difference in other ingredients used in their preparation. iii. Moreover, all three are prepared using different methods of preparation, which impart a characteristic and distinct taste to all of them. iv. So, I would feel good and would appreciate eating the spicy khichdi and biryani, and the sweet payasam. Q2. Some food materials are given below. What are the different possible ways of cooking them? Find out and write them. [Refer to TB page 10 Q7] Meat, Groundnuts, Potatoes, Spinach SESSION 2. METHODS OF PREPARATION OF FOOD 9

A. Food Ways of Cooking Material Meat Frying, Roasting, Pickling, in Biryani and Curries etc. Groundnuts Frying, Boiling, Roasting, in Chutney etc. Potatoes Boiling, Roasting, in Curries, Frying to make chips, french fries etc. Spinach In Palak Paneer, Palak roti, in Curry etc. Q3. Ask your friend to think of the name of any food item. Now you have to guess its name. For this you can ask some questions. Your friend can only answer Yes or No. How many questions did you ask before you could guess the name? [Refer to TB page 10 Q9] A. Students’ Activity You can follow the following clues while asking questions: i. Is the food item he likes, sweet to taste or is it spicy? ii. Does it contain vegetables or meat? 2.5 Experimentation and Field Investigation Q1. Write down the process of making upma or any other snack of your choice. [Refer to TB page 9 Q3] A. i. Required ingredients : Upma rava, Bengal gram dal, Black gram dal, Mustard, Onions, Chillies, Oil. ii. Preparation : SESSION 2. METHODS OF PREPARATION OF FOOD 10

a) Place a pan on the flame and pour a little oil in it. b) When the oil becomes hot, put adequate quantities of black gram dal (two spoonful), Bengal gram dal (two spoonful) and mustard (one–fourth spoonful). c) Then, add suitable quantity of chopped onion pieces, chillies and curry leaf and fry them till they turn golden brown, and then add salt to taste. d) Now, put three glasses of water in the pan and allow it to boil. e) When the water in the pan starts boiling, add one glass full of rava and stir for a few minutes till it is cooked and the upma gets ready. 2.6 Information Skills and Projects Q1. With the help of your teacher, form groups of 5 or 6 students of your class. Make a fruit chat or vegetable salad and eat it. How do you feel? Write few lines about your experience. [Refer to TB page 10 Q8] A. I have always admired my mother who cooks so many delicious food items for us. i. The opportunity to prepare a fruit chat or vegetable salad with my friends made me very excited. ii. Our group made vegetable salad. Through this activity, we got a chance to taste different kinds of ingredients and observed which vegetables can be eaten raw and which one’s cannot be used in a salad. iii. It also made us aware that people belonging to different regions prefer certain tastes more over others and use different methods of cooking. iv. Different groups of students used different ingredients for preparing their chaats or salads, and this imparted different tastes to them. v. We liked the taste of our vegetable salad a lot and this made me feel very proud of myself. (This answer has been provided for your reference. You can share your own experience.) SESSION 2. METHODS OF PREPARATION OF FOOD 11

SESSION 3 PRESERVATION OF FOOD 3.1 Mind Map 3.2 Terminology i. Food preservation – is the process of treating and handling food to stop or slow down food spoilage, loss of quality, edibility or nutritional value and thus allow for longer food storage. ii. Preservative – is a substance that is added to products such as foods, pharmaceu- ticals, paints, biological samples, cosmetics, tires, wood, beverages, and many other products to prevent decomposition by microbial growth or by undesirable chemical changes. SESSION 3. PRESERVATION OF FOOD 12

iii. Drying – is one of the most ancient food preservation techniques, which reduces water activity sufficiently to prevent bacterial growth. 3.3 Key Concepts i. Food preservation is important to avoid food spoilage. ii. For preserving certain food items, they are salted and dried. iii. Salt and turmeric powder are used as preservative for making pickles. iv. Preservatives increase the shelf life of the plants. v. Sugar syrup or honey is good preservative. 3.4 Conceptual Understanding Q1. Find out from your parents the various methods of preserving food and write a note on them. [Refer to TB page 10 Q12] A. PRESERVATION : Food preservation refers to techniques used to prevent food from spoiling. It includes methods such as canning, pickling, drying and freeze–drying, irradiation, pasteurization, smoking, and the addition of chemical additives. i. For preserving certain food items, they need to be salted and dried. ii. Salt and turmeric powder are used as preservatives while making pickles. iii. Fruits are often preserved in sugar syrup or honey. iv. Vegetables and meat are dried up and pickled. Q2. Suppose, if fish/raw mango/lemons are given to you, how would you preserve them? [Refer to TB page 10 Q14] A. i. Fishes are preserved by putting them in a mixture of ice and salt, known as freezing mixture. ii. Raw mango is preserved for few days by putting it in a refrigerator. Mango is cut into pieces and the pieces are salted and dried. These can be stored without damage. iii. Lemons are also preserved by cutting them into pieces and then salting and drying. These dried pieces can be stored without getting spoiled. SESSION 3. PRESERVATION OF FOOD 13

—— CCE Based Practice Questions —— AS1-Conceptual Understanding Very Short Answer Type Questions 1. Answer the following questions in one sentence. [Refer to Session 1.1 ] (i) What is the common ingredient of biryani and dosa? (ii) What is dried grape called as? (iii) Why banana is useful to us? 2. Fill in the blanks. [Refer to Session 1.1 ] (iv) Materials required for preparing food or any item are known as . (v) In English, name of “inguva” is . (vi) Table salt is obtained from source. 3. Fill in the blanks. . [Refer to Session 1.2 ] followed (vii) The taste of the food depends on its and (viii) are excellent anti–oxidants. (ix) For making idly, rice and dal are by . CHAPTER 1. OUR FOOD 14

(x) To prepare rice, the method to be used is . (xi) Vegetable carving is an . 4. Fill in the blanks. and are good preservatives used for [Refer to Session 1.3 ] (xii) preparation of jam. (xiii) and are used as preservatives while making pickles. (xiv) Making different types of designs and decoration with vegetables is called as . (xv) are used to preserve food for some time. Short Answer Type Questions 5. Answer the following questions in 3-4 sentences. (i) [(Session 1.1)] What do you understand by term “ingredients”? What is the use of it? 6. Answer the following questions in 3-4 sentences. (i) [(Session 1.2)] While making curry your mother adds tomatoes. What are the benefit of tomatoes? Long Answer Type Questions 7. Answer the following questions in 6-8 sentences. (i) [(Session 1.2)] What is fermentation? Give few examples of food items prepared by fer- -mentation? CHAPTER 1. OUR FOOD 15

8. Answer the following questions in 6-8 sentences. (i) [(Session 1.3)] Discuss the following methods that are used to preserve food. i. Salting ii. Drying iii. Adding preservatives AS2-Asking questions and making hypothesis Very Short Answer Type Questions 9. Answer the following questions in one sentence. (i) [Session1.1] Why food habits differ from one region to other region? Give hypothetical reason. 10. Answer the following questions in one sentence. (i) [Session 1.3] What will be the consequence of eating a packaged food without noticing its date of manufacturing? Short Answer Type Questions 11. Answer the following questions in 3-4 sentences. (i) [(Session 1.1)] Rice is the staple food of Andhra Pradesh. Is this hypothesis true? Give reasons to support your hypothesis. (ii) [(Session 1.1)] During lunch break, you see your classmates bring different kinds of food in their tiffin–boxes. Frame at least three questions which you will ask your class- mates to know if they are consuming a balanced diet. 12. Answer the following questions in 3-4 sentences. (i) [(Session 1.2)] Rice is the main ingredient of payasam and biryani, but they taste differently. Why do you think this is so? Give two reasons for your hypothesis. (ii) [(Session 1.2)] Your mother served chapatti, dal, vegetable curry and chutney for lunch. What questions would you ask her to find out about the different ingredients and methods of preparation she used to make the meal? CHAPTER 1. OUR FOOD 16

AS3-Experimentation and field investigation Short Answer Type Questions 13. Answer the following questions in 3-4 sentences. (i) [(Session 1.2)] Pickles do not get spoilt for a long time. Find out the preservatives which are added to it to ensure it doesn’t get spoilt. Long Answer Type Questions 14. Answer the following questions in 6-8 sentences. (i) [(Session 1.1)] Write the procedure used to prepare tomato curry. [Refer to TB page 7] (ii) [(Session 1.1)] Write down the process of making idly or any one of your favourite food? 15. Answer the following questions in 6-8 sentences. (i) [(Session 1.2)] What are the ingredients used to make biryani? List the ingredients used to make payasam. How do the two dishes differ? AS4-Information skills and projects Very Short Answer Type Questions 16. Answer the following questions in one sentence. (i) [(Session 1.2)] Which of the given items do not serve as a food ingredient? Potatoes, Chilli, laddu, sugar, flour, salt. 17. Answer the following questions in one sentence. (i) [(Session 1.3)] Out of the given items sort out the one that cannot be used as a preservative. Sugar syrup, salt, tomato, turmeric,oil. CHAPTER 1. OUR FOOD 17

Short Answer Type Questions 18. Answer the following questions in 3-4 sentences. (i) [(Session 1.1)] Ravi had weak eyesight. He had difficulty in reading and writing. He went to a doctor. The doctor asked him to increase the intake of green vegetables. Find out why doctor suggested him this? (ii) [(Session 1.1)] Prepare a report on why most fruits taste sweet but most vegetables do not? Long Answer Type Questions 19. Answer the following questions in 6-8 sentences. (i) [(Session 1.1)] Read the table given below carefully and answer the questions that follow. Parts of the plant used as food i. Which plant has the maximum utility value? 18 ii. What are the uses of coconut? iii. Is cabbage a leafy vegetable or a flower? iv. Name two foods from the list which produce sweet juices. v. Which of these foods is rich in iron? CHAPTER 1. OUR FOOD

AS5-Communication through drawing and model making Very Short Answer Type Questions 20. Answer the following questions in one sentence. [Refer to Session 1.2 ] (i) The above picture is showing ‘Jeera’ which is one of the main ingredients we use in our daily life. What is the use of it? Long Answer Type Questions 21. Answer the following questions in 6-8 sentences. (i) [(Session 1.2)] Make a flow chart on steps involved in the preparation of puri. AS6-Appreciation and aesthetic sense, Values Short Answer Type Questions 22. Answer the following questions in 3-4 sentences. (i) [(Session 1.1)] How do you appreciate vegetarian food? AS7-Application to daily life, concern to bio diversity Long Answer Type Questions 23. Answer the following questions in 6-8 sentences. (i) [(Session 1.2)] What role does “cooking food in a proper way” plays in maintaining the nutritional value of food? What care we should take to maintain the value of food? CHAPTER 1. OUR FOOD 19

Objective Questions AS1-Conceptual Understanding 24. Choose the correct answer. (i) The leaves of plants are useful to us. (A) Spinach (B) Coriander (C) Both A and B (D) Acacia (ii) People of Rajasthan produce mostly crops. (A) wheat (B) bajra (C) maize (D)all the above (iii) Which type of food is common in Andhra Pradesh? (A) Rice (B) Dal (C) Pulka (D)A & B only (iv) Meat can be cooked by which of the following ways? (A) Roasting (B) Frying (C) Curry (D)All the above. (v) Idly is prepared by , followed by steaming. (A) boiling (B) fermenting (C) roasting (D)deep frying (vi) Item which is not required for preparation of biryani is (A) rice (B) tamarind (C) mutton (D) spices CHAPTER 1. OUR FOOD 20

(vii) Which one of these is a cereal? (A) Maize (B) Potato (D) Jeera (C) Idly (viii) Wheat flour is an of biscuits. (A) part (B) share (C) ingredient (D) none (ix) Tomatoes are an excellent source of vitamin ? (A) B (B) A (C) D (D) C (x) While buying packaged foods, we should see . (A) list of Ingredients (B) manufacturing date (C)expiry date (D)all the above CHAPTER 1. OUR FOOD 21

2. PLAYING WITH MAGNETS SESSION 1 MAGNETS AND DIFFERENT SHAPES OF MAGNETS 1.1 Mind Map SESSION 1. MAGNETS AND DIFFERENT SHAPES OF MAGNETS 22

1.2 Terminology i. Magnet – An object that is surrounded by a magnetic field and that has the property, either natural or induced, of attracting iron. ii. Magnetic material – The materials that are attracted by magnets are called magnetic materials. iii. Non–magnetic material – The materials that are not attracted by magnets are called as non–magnetic materials. iv. Lodestone –A natural magnet. 1.3 Key Concepts i. Any materials that attracts certain substances such as iron nails, iron pins etc., are called magnets. ii. Magnets are of varying shapes and sizes such as horse shoe magnet, bar magnet etc. iii. Magnets are made up of steel, iron and even alloys of iron, nickel, cobalt, aluminium etc. iv. Materials that get attracted towards magnets are called magnetic materials such as iron nails. v. Materials which are not attracted by magnets are termed as non –magnetic material such as plastics. vi. Poles of the bar magnet are stronger than its other parts. vii. Neodymium is the strongest magnet currently known. 1.4 Conceptual Understanding Q1. List out the magnetic and non magnetic material in your class room. [Refer to TB page 20 Q2] A. Magnetic Material : Nails, Window panes, Fan, Geometry box, Paper clips, Door hinges. Non Magnetic Material : Paper, Duster, Chalk, Table, Pencil , Eraser , Desk , Bench. Q2. If you have two similar bars, one a magnet and another a piece of iron, can you find out which one of these is a magnet? Explain the process. [Refer to TB page 21 Q12] SESSION 1. MAGNETS AND DIFFERENT SHAPES OF MAGNETS 23

A. i. We will take a bar magnet. We have to identify two identical bars A and B. One as magnet and other as a simple bar. ii. To identify, we have to bring our magnet to both the ends of each bars A and B one after another. iii. It is easy to locate the magnet. It attracts the bar magnet when pointed to its one end and repels if pointed to the other end. iv. The iron bar will be attracted by the magnet in both the situations. 1.5 Experimentation and Field Investigation Q1. Predict which of the following materials are magnetic and non–magnetic material. Test with a bar magnet and check your predictions. What do you say after testing all materi- als? [Refer to TB page 20 Q1] Plastic, Iron, Stainless steel, Wood, Aluminium, Gold, Silver, Copper, Paper, Cloth. A. My predictions and tests are recorded in the table given below. S. Name of the Attraction to Nature No. Material Magnet Magnetic 1 Iron Attracted Non Not attracted magnetic 2 Stainless steel Not attracted Non 3 Wood magnetic Not attracted 4 Aluminium Non Not attracted magnetic 5 Gold Not attracted Non 6 Silver magnetic Non magnetic SESSION 1. MAGNETS AND DIFFERENT SHAPES OF MAGNETS 24

7 Copper Not attracted Non 8 Paper Not attracted magnetic 9 Cloth Not attracted Non magnetic Non magnetic We observed that all of the above tested materials accept iron are non magnetic in nature hence not attracted to magnet. Q2. For which purposes do people use magnets in their daily life? Ask your family members and other elders and collect the information and prepare a list of uses of magnets? [Refer to TB page 20 Q3] A. i. People use magnets for different purposes in their daily life. The following is the list of uses of the magnets. I have collected this information from my friends, family members and elders. ii. A magnet finds its use at a number of places. iii. In addition, magnets are used in audio and video tapes and computer hard disks to store information. Magnets are also used for magnotherapy. S.No Uses S.No Uses 1 Refrigerator doors 6 Pin stand 2 Some pencil boxes 7 Fans 3 Many toys 8 Automobile dynamos 4 Magnetic stickers 9 Loud speaker 5 Soap stand 10 Microphones SESSION 1. MAGNETS AND DIFFERENT SHAPES OF MAGNETS 25

SESSION 2 POLES OF MAGNET 2.1 Mind Map 2.2 Terminology i. North Pole – One end of any bar magnet will always want to point north if it is freely suspended. This is called the north–seeking pole of the magnet, or simply the north pole. ii. South Pole – One end of any bar magnet will always want to point south if it is freely suspended. This is called south pole. iii. Magnetic compass – A compass containing a magnetic needle pivoted in a horizontal plane, that indicates the direction of magnetic north at points on the earth’s surface. SESSION 2. POLES OF MAGNET 26

iv. Repulsion –A force under the influence of which objects tend to move away from each other. 2.3 Key Concepts i. One of the two ends of a magnet is referred to as magnetic pole. ii. At magnetic poles the attracting power of magnets is strongest. iii. A magnet has two poles. They are North pole and South pole. iv. A magnet if freely suspended, always points in north –south direction. v. Two magnets are attracted to each other if their unlike poles are brought closer, whereas if like poles are brought closer the magnets repel each other. 2.4 Conceptual Understanding Q1. Observe and locate North and South poles for the second bar magnet shown in the figure given below. [Refer to TB page 21 Q5] A. 2.5 Asking Questions and Making Hypothesis Q1. Sometimes people use magnets to keep the doors open and sometimes to close the doors firmly. Think and say how is it possible and how we should arrange the magnets in each case. [Refer to TB page 21 Q10] SESSION 2. POLES OF MAGNET 27

A. i. Disc magnets with opposite poles are fixed at the backside of the door and on the wall at the same height. ii. When the door is opened the door sticks to the wall because of the force of attraction between the opposite poles of the magnets fixed. iii. Similar arrangement is made with magnets for firm closing of doors. 2.6 Experimentation and Field Investigation Q1. Think and say, in which direction your house is facing. Use the compass and find out the exact direction of your house and compare it with your prediction. Similarly predict and find out in which direction you keep your head while sleeping at night, the directions you face while you are reading, eating etc. [Refer to TB page 21 Q6] A. Predicting the direction i. Stand facing towards the direction from which sun rises. You are facing east and west is behind you. North is to your left and south is to your right. ii. Using the above method, predict and write in which direction your house is facing . Finding exact direction i. Stand in front of your house and hold the compass in your hand. facing ii. After the pointer stops, rotate the compass to match N with the pointer. iii. Now, check and write the direction in which your house is . Use the above mentioned method to find out in which direction you keep your head while sleeping at night, the direction you face while you are reading , eating etc. (You can also use compass application in Android phones instead of a compass.) Q2. Think and say where the poles will be located in a ring magnet? Try to find out its poles using a bar magnet and check your predictions. [Refer to TB page 21 Q8] A. A ring magnet has two poles. Its exterior and interior parts act like different poles. SESSION 2. POLES OF MAGNET 28

Let us say we know the poles of the bar magnet used for this experiment. We try to push the north pole of the bar magnet into the ring magnet. Two things might happen – i. If the push of the bar magnet s north pole into the ring magnet is facilitated by a sense of attraction, then the interior of the ring magnet is south and the exterior is north. ii. If the push of the bar magnet s north pole into the ring magnet is difficult due to a sense of repulsion, then the interior too is a north pole and the exterior of the ring magnet is south. In this case, the bar magnet s north pole will likely be attracted by the exterior and get stuck with it. 2.7 Information Skills and Projects Q1. Prepare a toy using magnets and write the procedure of preparation briefly. [Refer to TB page 21 Q7] A. Step 1–Take a big sheet of white paper, magnet, flat iron piece, tape and colour papers. Step 2 – Make any shape like car, butterfly, snake, caterpillar etc. using the colour paper. Step 3 – Stick the iron piece behind the car shaped paper using the tape in such a way that a little portion of the iron sheet will be left free and open in front. Step 4 – Now ask your friend to hold the big iron sheet along with the car shaped paper on one side and the magnet on the other side so that both face each other. Magnet will attract the car because of the iron. Step 5 – Now move the magnet on the one side and the car will also move. 2.8 Communication Through Drawing and Model Making Q1. Draw a bar magnet and locate its poles. [Refer to TB page 21 Q4] SESSION 2. POLES OF MAGNET 29

A. 2.9 Application to Daily Life, Concern to Bio Diversity Q1. Kiran wants to prepare a toy using some magnets to make people understand the slogan “Reject bad food and accept only good food”. Can you help him to prepare the toy? If yes how? [Refer to TB page 21 Q15] A. Step 1 – Take two bar magnets. Step 2 – Make face magnet. Make two faces of cardboard and attach it to the two poles of the magnet. Write North Pole as healthy and South Pole as unhealthy. SESSION 2. POLES OF MAGNET 30

Step 3 – Make food magnet Take another magnet; now stick healthy foods on the South Pole and unhealthy food on the north pole. When you take the food magnets near the healthy foods will attract on the healthy side of the magnet and repel on the unhealthy side. SESSION 2. POLES OF MAGNET 31

SESSION 3 EARTH AS A MAGNET 3.1 Mind Map SESSION 3. EARTH AS A MAGNET 32

3.2 Terminology i. Magnetic induction – Magnetic property possessed by a magnetic substance due to the presence of a magnet near it, is called magnetic induction. ii. Magnetizing –To cause (something) to become magnetic. 3.3 Key Concepts i. The property of freely suspended magnet to point in north–south direction depends upon earth’s magnetic property. ii. The Earth’s magnetic field is like a bar magnet at the center. iii. Magnetic property of a magnet can be induced into the magnetic substance placed in close contact with the magnet. This phenomenon is called as magnetic induction. 3.4 Conceptual Understanding Q1. Does the Earth behave as a magnet? How do you prove it? [Refer to TB page 21 Q11] A. i. Put a bar magnet on a table in any direction. ii. Suspend another bar magnet over the magnet on the table. iii. The suspended magnet should be fairly close to the one kept on the table. iv. The suspended bar magnet always comes to rest in the direction of the bar magnet placed on the table though its direction is changed. v. When the bar magnet placed on the table is removed, the suspended bar magnet comes to rest in the North-South direction. vi. It means that there is some magnet below the suspended bar magnet which compels it to come to rest in that particular direction. vii. The earth possesses magnetic property which acts upon the suspended bar magnet. 3.5 Asking Questions and Making Hypothesis Q1. Teacher said that the Earth is a magnet. But Sreevidya has some doubts and she asked her teacher some questions. What may be the questions? [Refer to TB page 21 Q13] A. The questions that are likely to be asked by Sree Vidya are: SESSION 3. EARTH AS A MAGNET 33

i. Is there any big magnet present inside the Earth? ii. Who has put that magnet inside the Earth? iii. Where are South and North poles of Earth’s magnet? iv. How do we know what’s in the Earth’s core? v. Is the magnet inside the earth there from the time of the beginning of the earth? 3.6 Information Skills and Projects Q1. Magnetize a needle using a bar magnet. Make a compass with that needle by following the process explained in activity 10. [Refer to TB page 21 Q9] A. i. Take a needle and place it on a table. ii. Take a bar magnet and place one of its poles near its sharp edge. iii. Without lifting the bar magnet, move it along the length of the needle till we reach the other end. iv. Now lift the magnet and bring it to the first end of the needle and move along the length. v. Always move the magnet along the length of the needle in one direction. vi. The needle becomes magnetized after 20 or 30 movements of the magnet. SESSION 3. EARTH AS A MAGNET 34

vii. Take this magnetized needle. Tape the needle to a light cork. viii. Float the cork in a glass of water as shown in the following fig. ix. Add a little detergent to water to help the cork float freely. x. The needle points in North-South direction. xi. Thus, it acts as a magnetic compass. 3.7 Appreciation and Aesthetic Sense, Values Q1. Surya was wonderstruck to know that Earth is a big magnet and appreciated the efforts of scientists to discover this ? Do you notice any such things in magnets to appreciate? Explain [Refer to TB page 21 Q14] A. i. I understand that every molecule of a magnetic substance behaves as a tiny magnet called molecular magnet. ii. In an un-magnetized bar the molecular magnets are randomly distributed with their N and S poles pointing in all possible directions. iii. When an iron bar is magnetized with the help of a magnet, the molecular magnets arrange themselves in an orderly way. SESSION 3. EARTH AS A MAGNET 35

—— CCE Based Practice Questions —— AS1-Conceptual Understanding Very Short Answer Type Questions 1. Answer the following questions in one sentence. [Refer to Session 2.3 ] (i) Which substances do magnets attract? (ii) Name some of the non–magnetic materials. (iii) What are electromagnets made of? (iv) By how many times is the earth’s magnet powerful than a fridge magnet? 2. Fill in the blanks. [Refer to Session 2.3 ] (v) The earth possesses property which acts upon the suspended bar magnet. (vi) Magnetism induced in a substance is . called (vii) To convert iron object into a magnet, we have to rub it in direction. (two/one). (viii) The force exerted by the earth on other objects is known as . (ix) Magnets attract only objects. (magnetic/non–magnetic). 3. State true or false. [Refer to Session 2.2 ] (x) State whether the following statement is correct. If wrong, correct the statement and re–write it. “When we cut a bar magnet into two halves, we will have two magnets.” [] CHAPTER 2. PLAYING WITH MAGNETS 36

(xi) State whether the given statement is true or false. ”Compass needle is made of magnet.”. [] 4. Fill in the blanks. [Refer to Session 2.2 ] (xii) Every bar magnet has ends whose attracting capacity is more than its other parts. (xiii) Army people use to find direction. (xiv) The ends of the magnet are called . (xv) Attraction is more at and in magnet. (xvi) The property of attracting iron filings is for all parts of a bar magnet. (xvii) of magnet is used to make compass. (xviii) are a type of magnets which are made up of an arrangement of wire coils. (xix) Magnet has two poles namely and . (xx) By using a bar magnet we can detect the and of the earth. (xxi) Like poles each other and unlike poles each other. 5. Fill in the blanks. [Refer to Session 2.1 ] (xxii) Materials that are attracted by magnets are called as . CHAPTER 2. PLAYING WITH MAGNETS 37

(xxiii) Materials that are not attracted by magnets are called . as (xxiv) Natural magnet is called . (xxv) have the property of attracting other materials like iron. (xxvi) Special alloys of and can be made into powerful magnets. Short Answer Type Questions 6. Answer the following questions in 3-4 sentences. (i) [(Session 2.1)] How were magnets discovered? Who discovered it? (ii) [(Session 2.1)] Define magnetic and non–magnetic materials giving suitable exam- ples. Long Answer Type Questions 7. Answer the following questions in 6-8 sentences. (i) [(Session 2.3)] Why does a suspended bar magnet always comes to rest in North–South direction? 8. Answer the following questions in 6-8 sentences. (i) [(Session 2.1)] Mention the properties of a magnet. AS2-Asking questions and making hypothesis Very Short Answer Type Questions 9. Answer the following questions in one sentence. (i) [(Session 2.3)] Your friend has a magnet that doesnot have N–S marking on it. While placing north of your bar magnet near to your friend’s magnet, you experienced a force of repulsion. State the possible reason for this. 10. Answer the following questions in one sentence. (i) [(Session 2.1)] Ramu says paper is not a magnetic material. What reasons will you provide in support of his hypothesis? CHAPTER 2. PLAYING WITH MAGNETS 38

Short Answer Type Questions 11. Answer the following questions in 3-4 sentences. (i) [(Session 2.3)] Your sister bought a sticker for the new fridge. It stuck to the fridge even without any glue. What questions will you ask her to understand how this happened? 12. Answer the following questions in 3-4 sentences. (i) [(Session 2.2)] You observe that iron fillings in the presence of magnet, concentrate at two points in the sheet. What doubts arise in your mind? What are the questions you will ask to clarify? AS3-Experimentation and field investigation Long Answer Type Questions 13. Answer the following questions in 6-8 sentences. (i) [(Session 2.3)] How can you test strength of magnet? Prove it with experiment 14. Answer the following questions in 6-8 sentences. (i) [(Session 2.2)] Write an experiment to show directional property of a bar magnet. (ii) [(Session 2.2)] Write a procedure to prove that a pin holder contains a magnet? AS4-Information skills and projects Very Short Answer Type Questions 15. Answer the following questions in one sentence. [Refer to Session 2.1 ] (i) It was observed that a pencil sharpener gets attracted by both the poles of a magnet although its body is made of plastic. Name a material that might have been used to make some part of it. (ii) Identify two objects in your house where you can stick a magnetic sticker. Short Answer Type Questions 16. Answer the following questions in 3-4 sentences. (i) [(Session 2.3)] Write a brief report on how can we store magnets? CHAPTER 2. PLAYING WITH MAGNETS 39

Long Answer Type Questions 17. Answer the following questions in 6-8 sentences. (i) [(Session 2.3)] Collect information to know how a compass is used by sailors and army personnel ? 18. Answer the following questions in 6-8 sentences. (i) [(Session 2.2)] The table has information about some of the materials that are seen around us. Indicate what happens when you bring a magnet near each of them. The first one is done for you. From the above information, what do you conclude about the important property of magnets? CHAPTER 2. PLAYING WITH MAGNETS 40

AS6-Appreciation and aesthetic sense, Values Long Answer Type Questions 19. Answer the following questions in 6-8 sentences. (i) [(Session 2.2)] Describe your feelings when you are able to create your own magnet. How do you appreciate the role of scientists who have discovered this ? AS7-Application to daily life, concern to bio diversity Short Answer Type Questions 20. Answer the following questions in 3-4 sentences. (i) [(Session 2.3)] Write suitable examples to show the importance of magnets in daily life ? (ii) [(Session 2.3)] List out the importance of earth’s magnetic field. Objective Questions AS1-Conceptual Understanding 21. Choose the correct answer. (i) The north pole of a freely suspended magnet shows geographical (A) east (B) south (C) west (D) north (ii) Natural magnet that has the property of attracting iron is (A) Lodestone (B) Alloys (C) Steel (D) Gold (iii) The parts of the bar magnet which have more attracting power are its (A) Sides (B) Poles (C) Middle (D) Inside CHAPTER 2. PLAYING WITH MAGNETS 41

(iv) Which of these materials are non–magnetic? (A) Cloth (B) Gold (C) Wood (D)All of them (v) Magnet can be used in which of these? (A) Refrigerator doors (B) Paper bag (C)Pin stand (D)A and C (vi) If you bring 2 magnets together, the north and south pole will each other (A) repel (B) attract (C)no reaction (D)none of them (vii) The poles of a freely suspended bar magnet will point in the (A) North–south direction (B) East–west direction (C)North–east direction (D)South–west direction (viii) A ring magnet has pole on its (B) Exterior and interior part (A) Left and right side (C)Curved part (D)None of these (ix) If we put a bar magnet close to a safety pin but not touching it, the safety pin will be (A) Remain in place (B) Attracted to it (C)Repel it (D)None of these (x) Two similar poles will (A) Repel each other (B) Attract each other (C)Have no change (D)None of these CHAPTER 2. PLAYING WITH MAGNETS 42

3. RAIN: WHERE DOES IT COME FROM? SESSION 1 FORMS OF WATER 1.1 Mind Map SESSION 1. FORMS OF WATER 43

1.2 Terminology i. Evaporation – The process of water changing into water vapour is called evaporation. ii. Solid form – The dense substance formed by the freezing of water to the solid state is known as the solid form of water. iii. Liquid form – Water (chemical formula: H2O ) is a transparent liquid form which forms the world’s streams, lakes, oceans and rain, and is the major constituent of the fluids of organisms. iv. Gaseous form – The gaseous form of water is water vapour which is present in the air around us. 1.3 Key Concepts i. Rain is a natural phenomenon occurring in our daily life. ii. Water falling in drops from atmosphere is generally termed as rain. iii. Water is present in three states i.e. solid, liquid and gas. These three forms are inter–convertible. iv. When sunlight falls on water or when water is heated, it gets vaporized and mixes with the air. v. This process of conversion of liquid water to gaseous form (water vapor) is called as evaporation. SESSION 1. FORMS OF WATER 44

1.4 Conceptual Understanding Q1. Explain the relationship between heat of the sun and evaporation. [Refer to TB page 28 Q4] A. i. Evaporation is a natural process which takes place on the Earth. ii. Water evaporates continuously from the surfaces of water bodies like seas, oceans, rivers, ponds etc., and changes into water vapour due to the heat supplied by sunlight. iii. If the sun’s heat is more, water evaporates more. Q2. Which of the following days is more suitable for drying of washed clothes? Explain why? [Refer to TB page 29 Q7] a) Windy day b) Cloudy day A. A Windy day is more suitable for drying of washed clothes than a cloudy day as rate of evaporation increases with wind and clothes dry up faster. 1.5 Information Skills and Projects Q1. Visit your school library or Internet, collect information about (Kashmir) Dal Lake regard- ing in which season water in the lake becomes ice and snow fall is very high and why the place attracts more tourists? [Refer to TB page 29 Q9] A. i. During winter season, the temperature sometimes reaches less than 1°C, freezing the lake. ii. Heavy snow fall may occur during the latter part of winter. iii. A thick blanket of snow over Srinagar is giving it a wonderful look attracting more tourists. SESSION 1. FORMS OF WATER 45

SESSION 2 CONDENSATION, CLOUDS AND RAIN 2.1 Mind Map 2.2 Terminology i. Cloud –A visible mass of condensed watery vapour floating in the atmosphere, typi- cally high above the general level of the ground. ii. Condensation – The process of conversion of water vapour into water is called condensation. iii. Atmosphere –The envelope of gases surrounding the earth or another planet. SESSION 2. CONDENSATION, CLOUDS AND RAIN 46

iv. Stream –A small narrow river. v. Droplets –A very small drop of a liquid. vi. Rain – Rain is condensed moisture from the atmosphere that drops on the Earth as water. vii. Hailstones – Sometimes big drops of water solidify into ice and fall as pieces of ice known as hailstones. viii. Breeze – A light current of air; a gentle wind. ix. Wind –A natural movement of air of any velocity 2.3 Key Concepts i. Clouds are formed by natural heating up of water in ponds, lakes, rivers by sun through a process called evaporation. ii. The clouds thus formed may cause rain by a process called condensation. iii. Condensation can be defined as a process of conversion of water vapour to liquid water. iv. When the size of the water drops increases further it becomes difficult for the cloud to hold them and water drops begin to fall. This is called ‘Rain’ 2.4 Conceptual Understanding Q1. When do clouds become cool? [Refer to TB page 28 Q3] A. i. The clouds formed on the surface of the different water bodies do not stay there. ii. They start to move from one place to another in the direction of winds. iii. As more clouds come together they become loaded with water vapour. iv. Winds bring the clouds from the sea to the land. v. The colder air in the upper layers of the atmosphere cools the clouds. Q2. Why do we experience cloud like smoke near our mouth while we speak during the winter season? [Refer to TB page 28 Q5] A. i. In winter, the air in our atmosphere is very cool as compared to the air coming out from our mouth. ii. Water vapour present in the air coming out from our mouth gets cooled suddenly to form very tiny droplets. SESSION 2. CONDENSATION, CLOUDS AND RAIN 47

iii. These tiny droplets concentrated in a limited area, appear like smoke or a small cloud near our mouth. Q3. Correct the given sentence if necessary “If the size of the water drops decreases in the clouds, they can no longer hold the water drops.” [Refer to TB page 28 Q6] A. The sentence should be like this: “ If the size of the water drops increases in the clouds, they can no longer hold the water drops”. Q4. Which of the following statements are right or wrong [Refer to TB page 29 Q8] a) Evaporation takes place quickly when more heat is supplied. b) For condensation of water, it should be cooled. c) Water vapour is obtained from water by evaporation. A. All the statements are right a) Evaporation takes place quickly when more heat is supplied. b) For condensation of water, it should be cooled. c) Water vapour is obtained from water by evaporation. Q5. Why do clouds, once seen at a particular point, may not be there after some time? [Refer to TB page 29 Q12] A. i. The clouds formed on the surface of the different water bodies do not stay there. ii. They start to move from one place to another in the direction of the wind iii. As more clouds come together they become loaded with water vapour. iv. Winds bring the clouds from the sea to the land. v. That is why clouds once seen at a particular point, may not be there after some time. SESSION 2. CONDENSATION, CLOUDS AND RAIN 48