202110191-APEX-STUDENT-WORKBOOK-SOCIAL_STUDIES-G07-PART1

CHAPTER 9-PRODUCTION IN A FACTORY: A PAPER MILL Reading the Text, Understanding and Interpretation Q1. Read the third para of page 91. Do you think that the factories are taking care of their workers health? Why? [Refer to TB page 92 Q12] A. Factories are not talking care of workers health. Factory owners usually addicted to profits. They try to reduce costs. They bring casual workers who work for low wage rate instead of regular workers. The casual workers will not have any benefits like hospital facility, medicines at low cost in ESI etc. Due to increase in pollution and employing less number of workers in heavy works. Workers are not in a position to do that. They fall ill because of high work load and pollution. Management does not take care of them and their families. Owners pay high salary to employees who came from their families with all benefits. Thus neglecting health of workers. Reflection on Contemporary Issues and Questioning Q1. Imagine a world without paper. What alternatives will you use instead of paper? [Refer to TB page 92 Q5] A. i. In olden days, rocks, leaves, leather, tree barks and slabs of clay were used. ii. We cannot imagine a world without paper. We use paper right from morning till night, paper to communicate our views. However, as demand of wood for manufacturing paper is becoming scarce, we have to think of alternatives. Now a days many people are using internet, mobiles and computers systems in the place of paper. It saves time as well as forests in Andhra Pradesh because some of the village people not only in A.P but also in other states are interested to work in the paper mill for their survival. The particular reason is paper mill works for 24 hours. It provides employment to a large number of workers of different kinds. Mapping Skills Q1. Locate the following countries in the world map. [Refer to TB page 92 Q11] a) Sri Lanka b) Singapore c) Nigeria d) South Africa e) Nepal f) Malaysia g) Bangladesh A. SESSION 1. SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC LIFE OF FISHING COMMUNITIES 99

CHAPTER 9-PRODUCTION IN A FACTORY: A PAPER MILL Appreciation and Sensitivity Q1. Organize a debate in the classroom on the pros and cons of the paper mill. [Refer to TB page 92 Q7] A. Cons Pros Deforestation Employment Need of paper Pollution Temporary employee – 8000/ per month Climate changes Casual worker – 100–150/day or 2500/month Health hazards of employees 1.4 Key Concepts i. Soft woods like bamboo, eucalyptus, babul etc., are used as the raw material, for paper making. Recycling is another source. ii. Due to extensive and over–harvesting of bamboo trees, their numbers are getting reduced. iii. There are five stages in paper production. iv. In Andhra Pradesh, we have two major paper mills. a) Rajahmundry(East Godavari district) b) Kurnool. v. Raw material means the basic material to make the product or commodity. SESSION 1. SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC LIFE OF FISHING COMMUNITIES 100

SESSION 2 PRODUCTION IN A FACTORY: A PAPER MILL – OWNERSHIP AND LIFE IN PAPER MILLS 2.1 Mind Map 2.2 Terminology 1. Allowance : An amount or sum allowed to person, regularly for stated purpose. 2. Bonus : An unsought or unexpected extra benefit. 3. Accountant : One who keeps accounts. SESSION 2. OWNERSHIP AND LIFE IN PAPER MILLS 101

CHAPTER 9-PRODUCTION IN A FACTORY: A PAPER MILL 2.3 Improve Your Learning Conceptual Understanding Q1. List the benefits and income received by a regular employee of the paper mill. Contrast them with that of a temporary employee and a casual worker. [Refer to TB page 92 Q8] A. i. PF (Provident Fund) ii. Life insurance iii. Medical insurance iv. Increments v. D.A. Reflection on Contemporary Issues and Questioning Q1. Do you think this paper mill will stop working one day? If it does, what will be the impact on the laborers’ lives? [Refer to TB page 92 Q3] A. All the workers will lose their job. i. Permanent workers are entitled to get some benefits, under these circumstances. ii. The temporary workers won’t get any such benefits. But the contractor, who got them the job there, could find some other jobs for them. iii. Casual laborers will be affected. They won’t get any help. 2.4 Key Concepts i. Production is done in batches, as the inputs used are same and the outputs will have the same quality. ii. The paper mill works 24 hours a day. So, the work is done in shifts –usually 3 in number with 8 hours each. iii. The paper thus produced is sold in different parts in and out of the country. iv. There are two kinds of workers: v. Permanent workers: workers who work all throughout the year. vi. Casual workers: They are employed, based on the need. vii. The mills cause severe environmental pollution. viii. Andhra Pradesh exports paper to Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bangladesh, Malaysia, Singapore, Nigeria and South Africa. ix. In our state and country there are a large number of factories which produce diverse useful articles. They produce them in a short time in large volumes. SESSION 2. OWNERSHIP AND LIFE IN PAPER MILLS 102

CHAPTER 9-PRODUCTION IN A FACTORY: A PAPER MILL —— CCE Based Practice Questions —— AS1-Conceptual Understanding Very Short Answer Type Questions 1. Answer the following questions in one sentence. (i) Name the paper mills in Andhra Pradesh. (ii) Which raw material is supplied by the contractors to the paper mill? (iii) Name the chemicals used in paper mills. (iv) Which is the most widely used raw material in paper mill? (v) Whaere is Handicraft production is done. (vi) Which tree is the alternative for bamboo trees? (vii) What are the workers employed on and off called? (viii) In how many stages is paper made? (ix) What were the problems faced by the workers in paper mill? (x) What is the timing for general shift? (xi) What are the challenges of a paper mill? 2. Fill in the blanks. (xii) Material required to produce a commodity is called (xiii) wood is most widely used in paper mills. AS2-Reading the Text, Understanding and Interpretation Long Answer Type Questions 3. Answer the following questions in 6-8 sentences. (i) Government is encouraging people to grow subabul trees on farmland for paper mills. Comment on it. CHAPTER 9. PRODUCTION IN A FACTORY: A PAPER MILL 103

CHAPTER 9-PRODUCTION IN A FACTORY: A PAPER MILL AS3-Information Skills Long Answer Type Questions 4. Answer the following questions in 6-8 sentences. (i) Read the given information and answer the following questions: This paper mill runs 24 hours a day. The workers work in three shifts of eight hours each. They are ‘A’, ‘B’, ‘C’ shifts. In each shift about 800–900 workers are at work. A shift: 6 a.m. to 2 p.m. B shift: 2 p.m. to 10 p.m. C shift: 10 p.m. to 6 a.m.(Night shift) Night shift workers get a special allowance. Workers change their shift cyclically. i) How many hours do the paper mills run in a day? ii) How many shifts do the workers work in paper mills? iii) Which one is the night shift? iv) Why do the night shift workers get a special allowance? AS4-Reflection on Contemporary Issues and Questioning Short Answer Type Questions 5. Answer the following questions in 3-4 sentences. (i) What are the problems of the workers who are not permanent? (ii) What is the use of paper in schools? Long Answer Type Questions 6. Answer the following questions in 6-8 sentences. (i) What are the environmental problems caused by the paper mills? CHAPTER 9. PRODUCTION IN A FACTORY: A PAPER MILL 104

CHAPTER 9-PRODUCTION IN A FACTORY: A PAPER MILL AS5-Mapping Skills Long Answer Type Questions 7. Answer the following questions in 6-8 sentences. (i) Locate the following on a given world map: (i) Sri Lanka (ii)Bangladesh (iii) Nepal (iv) South Africa (v) Nigeria AS6-Appreciation and Sensitivity Short Answer Type Questions 8. Answer the following questions in 3-4 sentences. (i) How is the batch number helpful in paper mills? Long Answer Type Questions 9. Answer the following questions in 6-8 sentences. (i) Describe the challenges before the factory system of production. CHAPTER 9. PRODUCTION IN A FACTORY: A PAPER MILL 105

CHAPTER 9-PRODUCTION IN A FACTORY: A PAPER MILL Objective Questions AS1-Conceptual Understanding 10. Choose the correct answer. (i) The first stage of paper production is__________. (A) Cutting (B) Chipping (C) Making pulp (D) Pressing (ii) Workers who are employed on and off are called (A) Casual workers (B) Permanent workers (C) Contract labourers (D) Construction workers (iii) Paper is actually made in __________stages. (B) Five (A) Four (C) Three (D) Six (iv) The liquid pulp is spread on the screens over a _____________. (A) Cylinder (B) Cube (C) Ball (D) Table (v) Bhadrachalam is in __________district. (B) Adilabad (A) Bhadradri (C) Warangal (D) Hyderabad (vi) The number of paper mills in A.P is ________. (B) Four (A) Two (C) Six (D) Eight (vii) Kagaznagar is in ____________. (B) Warangal (A) Hyderabad (C) Komrambheem district (D) Karimnagar CHAPTER 9. PRODUCTION IN A FACTORY: A PAPER MILL 106

CHAPTER 9-PRODUCTION IN A FACTORY: A PAPER MILL (viii) _____________ paper is recycled in paper mills. (A) News (B) Blank (C) Scrap (D) Hand-made (ix) Paper factories use heavy machinery that runs on_________ . (A) Petrol (B) Coal (C) Electricity (D) Solar energy (x) A paper mill requires electricity of around _________ every year. (A) 25 MW (B) 30 MW (C) 100 MW (D) 125 MW CHAPTER 9. PRODUCTION IN A FACTORY: A PAPER MILL 107

PROJECT BASED QUESTIONS —— Project Based Questions —— (i) Choose a village from India and a place from Europe. Find out and compare about their landforms, soils, rainfall, agricultural activities, non–agricultural activities, crops, markets etc. you can take the help of your elders, teachers and internet. (ii) Write a script of a small play with a message that slave trade is illegal, a punishable offence and against humanity. (iii) Conduct a debate in your class on the topic “handicraft industry is losing its ground due to industrial development”. (iv) You have read about the uniqueness of ikkat sarees. Collect information about different kind of sarees which are unique and famous. For example; Banarasi sarees (v) Make a poster on child labour which depicts that child labour is a punishable offence. Project Based Questions 108

Additional Map Based Practice Questions CHAPTER 1-READING MAPS OF DIFFERENT KINDS Q1. Look at the map given below and answer the following questions. Map-1 : States and Capitals Srinagar Ladakh N Scale Leh 1 centimeter = 200 kilometers Jammu & Kashmir Shimla Chandigarh Dehra Dun New Delhi Itanagar Gangtok Jaipur Dispur Kohima Shillong Lucknow Gandhinagar Patna Agartala Imphal Ranchi Aizawal Bhopal Kolkata Raipur Bhuvaneswar Mumbai Hyderabad Panaji Amaravati Bangalore Index Chennai The external boundary of India Lakshadweep Thiruvananthapuram Boundary of States Capital of States (i) How is Amravati marked on the map? 109 (ii) What do blue lines denote on the map above? (iii) What is the scale of the map given above? Additional Map Based Practice Questions

CHAPTER 2-RAIN AND RIVERS Q1. Look at the map given below and answer the following questions. (i) Which southern and western states receive the most rainfall? (ii) From which direction do the monsoon winds come? (iii) Does Andhra Pradesh receive very heavy rainfall? Additional Map Based Practice Questions 110

CHAPTER 5-EUROPE Q1. Look at the map below and answer the following questions. Arctic Ocean Atlantic Ocean Asia Ural Pacific Mountains Ocean Europe Africa Equator Indian Ocean Australia (i) Which mountain range separates Europe from Asia? (ii) In which hemisphere does Europe lie? (iii) Which ocean lies to the west of Europe? Q2. On an outline map of the world, mark the following. (i) Old land route to India from Europe (ii) The route that Columbus took in search of India Additional Map Based Practice Questions 111

CHAPTER 6-AFRICA Q1. Look at the map given below and answer the following questions. Atlas Mediterranean ASIA mountains Sea SAHARA DESERT River Nile River Niger River Chad River Volta River CongoLake Victoria Kilimanjaro Park Lake Tanganyika ZRaimvebrezie Lake Nyasa Plain 0 -200 Mts Plateau 200-1000 Mts. Hills 1000 Mts and Kalahari Desert above THE ATLANTIC THE INDIAN OCEAN OCEAN (i) Name the deserts which lie in Africa. (ii) Which are the mountains in the north of Africa? (iii) Name the oceans that surround Africa. Additional Map Based Practice Questions 112

Q2. On a political map of Africa, mark the following countries. (i) Egypt (ii) Nigeria (iii) South Africa (iv) Kenya (v) Zimbabwe Additional Map Based Practice Questions 113

Q3. Look at the map given below and answer the following questions. Equatorial forests Broad leaved trees and grass Savanna Soft grass of high plateau Mountainous vegetation Desert vegetation (i) Which type of vegetation is commonly found in west Africa? (ii) Why do north Africa and south-west Africa have desert vegetation? (iii) Which type of vegetation is commonly found in areas that receive high rainfall? CHAPTER 8-INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION Q1. Look at the map given below and answer the following questions. United Kingdom France Portugal Spain Netherlands (Dutch) Turkey Independent Kingdoms & Countries Additional Map Based Practice Questions 114