Active English Coursebook 4

Grammar 1. How beautiful the rain is! 3. (You) Give me two tickets please. 2. That is my school. 4. What is the teacher saying? 1. A sentence that expresses strong feelings and ends with an exclamation mark ( ! ) is called an exclamatory sentence. An exclamatory sentence usually begins with what or how. 2. A sentence that makes a statement is called an assertive sentence. It ends with a full stop ( . ). 3. A sentence that gives advice or an order, or makes a request is called an imperative sentence. The subject you is not usually mentioned in an imperative sentence. 4. A sentence that asks a question is called an interrogative sentence. An interrogative sentence may begin with words such as what, when, which, who, whom, whose, where, why or how. It ends with a question mark ( ? ). © 2017 Scholastic Education International (S) Pte Ltd ISBN 978-981-47-8114-5 49

Read the sentences below. Write E for Exclamatory, A for Assertive, Im for Imperative and In for Interrogative. 1. How lovely the room looks! 2. The planets move around the sun. 3. Clean your room. 4. Which is the highest peak in the world? 5. Please close the door. W B Unit 4, pages 20–22 Try it out Pair up with a classmate. Write a sentence on a strip of paper. Cut out each word of the sentence. Jumble the pieces and ask your partner to frame the sentence. Take turns to do this activity. Wow! Fantastic! An exclamatory sentence is sometimes made up of just one or two words that express a strong feeling. These words are called interjections. Fill in the blanks with interjections from the box. Sorry! Hi! Ssh! Good luck! Thank you! 1. You meet your friend in the market. 2. You break your friend’s pencil. 3. Your brother has a test. 4. Someone is talking in the library. 5. The policeman helps you cross the road. W B Unit 4, page 22 50 © 2017 Scholastic Education International (S) Pte Ltd ISBN 978-981-47-8114-5

Spelling A. Read the words below. They have the long vowel igh sound. sunlight sight sigh flight high right bright delight night slight thigh tight fright might mighty B. Fill in the blanks with words from the word list above. 1. I can’t fit into these pants any more. They are too . 2. There was a increase in petrol prices recently. 3. Leopards mostly hunt at . 4. She suffered a cut on her when she fell off her bicycle. 5. You gave me a when you suddenly shouted like that! 6. The student who gives the answer will win a prize. 7. Eagles build nests on top of mountains. 8. Plants need air, water and to grow. © 2017 Scholastic Education International (S) Pte Ltd ISBN 978-981-47-8114-5 51

Listening Listen to the announcement made at the railway station. Tick the correct answers. 1. Where is the train arriving from? a. Tokyo b. Kyoto c. Osaka 2. Where is the train going? a. Kyoto b. Osaka c. Tokyo 3. What time was the train scheduled to arrive? a. 11:45 b. 09:00 c. 10:00 4. Why is the train late? a. The tracks are flooded. b. The driver is unwell. c. The tracks are being repaired. 5. What platform is the train arriving at? a. 1 b. 12 c. 4 52 © 2017 Scholastic Education International (S) Pte Ltd ISBN 978-981-47-8114-5

Speaking When we meet someone, we often talk about the weather. We also read about, listen to or watch the weather forecast to plan our activities. A weather forecast tells us what the weather will be like on a particular day. Alec and Maya are talking about the weather in Alec’s city. What’s the weather like there? It’s raining heavily. It rained all night. Here are some phrases you can use when you talk about the weather. partly cloudy very windy freezing cold humid day raining heavily very sunny awful weather pleasant day snowing heavily Try it out Pair up with a classmate. Talk about what kind of weather you like and why you like it. © 2017 Scholastic Education International (S) Pte Ltd ISBN 978-981-47-8114-5 53

Writing A paragraph is a group of sentences that talks about the same idea or topic. Given below are the main features of a paragraph. It begins with a topic sentence that states what the paragraph is about. It contains sentences that explain the main idea or topic. It contains words related to the topic. It has a concluding sentence that is a comment on the main idea. It has a title or heading. A. Read the paragraph and tick the best topic sentence below. The Olympic Games The Olympic Games are said to have started in the year 776 BCE in Olympia, Greece. They were held in honour of Zeus, the king of the gods in Greek mythology. Every four years, people gathered to watch and take part in the games. Though the games started with only a few events, more events such as running, wrestling and boxing were added later. Athletes took part to become famous and to earn honour for their city. The Olympic Games were the biggest sporting event in ancient times. The Olympic Games had many events. B. Use the outline given below to write a paragraph. Start the paragraph with an appropriate topic sentence. Remember to give your paragraph a suitable title. see snow—first time in your life—snow-covered cars, branches and roofs—snowman—snowballs—take photographs W B Unit 4, page 23 54 © 2017 Scholastic Education International (S) Pte Ltd ISBN 978-981-47-8114-5

Review What did you learn? Tick. A sentence that expresses strong feelings and ends with an exclamation mark ( ! ) is called an exclamatory sentence. A sentence that makes a statement is called an assertive sentence. It ends with a full stop ( . ). A sentence that gives advice or an order, or makes a request is called an imperative sentence. The subject you is not usually mentioned in an imperative sentence. A sentence that asks a question is called an interrogative sentence. It ends with a question mark ( ? ). An exclamatory sentence is sometimes made up of just one or two words that express a strong feeling. These words are called interjections. Some words have the long vowel igh sound. Project Work Get into groups of five. Find out the symbols used to indicate the different types of weather. Draw and colour these weather symbols on a sheet of paper and cut each one out. Make a weekly weather chart for your city and record the weather each day. Paste the symbols according to the weather. © 2017 Scholastic Education International (S) Pte Ltd ISBN 978-981-47-8114-5 55

5Houses and Homes Before you read How are the houses in a rainy area different from the ones in a desert? In what kind of a place would you find houses built on poles high above the ground? The Prize-winning Design Why was Elephant pleased with Long, long ago, Elephant was the king of the forest. himself? One day, he had a very important meeting with his subjects. To prepare for the meeting, he had a long bath in the river. His skin gleamed and his tusks flashed white. He was very pleased with himself. Bear was Elephant’s subject. He was scruffy and clumsy. He decided to go to the meeting with Elephant. As he shuffled along, he bumped into a subjects: people who live in a place ruled by a scruffy: untidy king or queen shuffled: walked without fully gleamed: shone lifting the feet from the ground 56 © 2017 Scholastic Education International (S) Pte Ltd ISBN 978-981-47-8114-5

big tree, making its branches swing with great force. As a result, several nests full of eggs came crashing down onto Elephant’s head. Trying to avoid it, he jumped to one side, straight onto a bees’ hive by the edge of the path. The Why did the bees angry bees rushed out and attacked him. attack Elephant? “Ow! Ouch!” yelled Elephant as he burst into the venue of the meeting. All gasped in astonishment. Elephant had red bumps all over his face and was Why did Elephant covered with broken eggs, leaves and twigs. have red bumps all over his face? Elephant shouted, “Something has to be done! The forest is a mess!” Owl was a wise bird. “Your Majesty, let’s organise a competition. The birds must design a nest where the eggs do not fall out, and the bees must design a strong hive. One year from now, we will decide the winner.” The eagles set off in pairs. They built circular nests with thick high sides so that their round eggs would not roll over and fall. The geese and the ducks built their nests among the rushes on the banks of the river. Birds like the parrots and hornbills chose holes in trees and built their nests there. venue: the place where something happens circular: in the shape of a circle gasped: breathed in suddenly rushes: plants that grow near water astonishment: great surprise © 2017 Scholastic Education International (S) Pte Ltd ISBN 978-981-47-8114-5 57

However, all this while, the gulls couldn’t agree on a Why did the gulls plan. Finally, one gull said, “There is no place left for have no place left us. We have to make our nests here, on this steep for them? cliff. We should also change the shape of our eggs. We should produce eggs that are pear-shaped. If they roll, they will go around in circles and not fall off. This way, we can lay three to four eggs at a time.” The bees first made a hive with cylindrical cells, but the space between the tubes soon got dirty. The bees tried several other shapes, including cells shaped like a cube, but nothing worked. One day, a bee had an amazing idea. She made a model of her idea and showed it to the Queen. “I think it will work,” she said. The Queen ordered everyone to start making the hive. The hexagonal shape allowed cells to be built without any wastage of space. It also made the structure strong. Even when Bear tried to knock down the hive, most of the cells remained stuck together. After a year, everyone gathered again. There was great Who do you think excitement. Owl announced, “Parrot, Goose and Duck, will win the prize? like many of the other birds, have only changed the location of their nests. Eagle, you have changed the shape of your nest. Gull, you have changed the shape of your eggs, but they can still get stolen from your nests. Bee has designed a hive with hexagonal cells. It can keep all steep: rising sharply cube: a shape like a box with six square sides, all equal in size cliff: a bare, tall and steep side of land, especially at the edge of the sea hexagonal: a figure with six straight sides cylindrical: having a circular top and bottom knock down: to strike to the ground and straight sides location: place or position 58 © 2017 Scholastic Education International (S) Pte Ltd ISBN 978-981-47-8114-5

its grubs and store all its honey in the cleverly designed Why did Gull not cells. Therefore, the hive is the prize-winning design!” win the prize? Everyone cheered. Elephant said, “The prize for you, Bee, is that you may build your hive anywhere in the forest. Eagle must remain in the high trees and Goose and Duck must stay near the water. Gull can continue to nest on the cliffs.” And to this day, things remain as they were. After you read If you were the judge, which design would you have given the second prize to? Why? Reading Comprehension A. Fill in the blanks with the correct words from the story. 1. Bear bumped into a tree because he was . 2. The built circular nests with thick high sides to stop their round eggs from rolling over. 3. The hornbills chose in trees to build their nests. 4. The gulls decided to lay only eggs which would roll around in circles but not fall off. 5. The bees first made a hive with cells, but it did not work out. grubs: the young of certain insects that look like worms © 2017 Scholastic Education International (S) Pte Ltd ISBN 978-981-47-8114-5 59

6. Then they built a hive with cells. 7. announced the name of the prize-winning design. 8. and were told to stay near the water. B. Answer the following questions. 1. What was the result of the little mess in the forest? 2. Do you think Owl’s judgement was correct? Give reasons for your answer. 3. Do you think the other animals were happy with Owl’s decision? Give reasons for your answer. 4. The bees were angry because Elephant banged into their hive. What would you do if someone tried to harm you or damaged your home? 5. The wise owl found a way to sort out the mess in the forest without any fighting among the animals. Write about an incident in your life when you solved a problem or prevented a fight by suggesting a peaceful solution. C. Check your understanding of Making Predictions. 1. Imagine that Elephant had gone alone to the meeting. Predict three things that would not have happened. 2. If Elephant decided to retire, who would be the next king of the forest? Why do you think so? 60 © 2017 Scholastic Education International (S) Pte Ltd ISBN 978-981-47-8114-5

Vocabulary Elephant had a very important meeting with his subjects. Maths and English are my favourite subjects. The ducks built their nests on the banks of the river. Banks lend money to those who need it. Homonyms are words that have the same spelling and pronunciation, but different meanings. Fill in the blanks in each pair of sentences with a homonym The pictures will help you. 1. The boy is wearing a helmet on his . We always straight home after school. 2. The children play at the every Saturday. The bus drivers the buses at the depot every evening. 3. The garbage truck makes a of the neighbourhood every morning. The baby has a , chubby face. W B Unit 5, pages 24–25 Try it out Pair up with a classmate. Think of another homonym (you may use a dictionary). Make two sentences using the homonym. Then, ask your partner to read your sentences and guess the two meanings of the homonym. © 2017 Scholastic Education International (S) Pte Ltd ISBN 978-981-47-8114-5 61

Grammar Our school tennis champion is winning against theirs. (verb) The hive is the winning design! (adjective) Pam was rushing to work when she fell and twisted her ankle. (verb) The rushing water swept away the trees. (adjective) The -ing form of a verb is called the present participle. We use a helping verb with the present participle to form a continuous tense. The present participle can also be used as an adjective. A. Fill in the blanks with the -ing form of the verbs given in the brackets. 1. The car was damaged by a (fall) tree. 2. Please give this toy to that (wail) baby. 3. I was (listen) to the radio. 4. They are (sleep). 5. That was a very (bore) film. B. Circle the present participles used as adjectives and underline the present participles used in the continuous tense. 1. This is an interesting book. 2. Cameron is studying for his exams. 62 © 2017 Scholastic Education International (S) Pte Ltd ISBN 978-981-47-8114-5

3. It was an exciting trip! 4. The children were drinking juice. 5. The twins wore matching clothes. W B Unit 5, page 26 Since the accident, he has become a changed man. (adjective) The birds have changed the location of their nests. (verb) The -ed, -en or -t forms of a verb are called past participles. They can be used as verbs or adjectives. When used as verbs, they are often used with have, has or had. A. Complete the table. Simple present Simple past Past participle play played eaten eat go hit hit catch B. Fill in the blanks with the past participles of the verbs given in the brackets. 1. Derek tried to mend the (break) vase before his parents got home. 2. They had (write) many letters to the secretary but there was no reply. 3. The children helped the old lady look for her (lose) pet. © 2017 Scholastic Education International (S) Pte Ltd ISBN 978-981-47-8114-5 63

4. I have (forget) my password! 5. The dog slept in the newly (dig) flower bed. W B Unit 5, page 26 Spelling A. Read the words below. The letters ou make the short oo sound. would wouldn’t should shouldn’t could couldn’t B. Fill in the blanks with words from the word list above. 1. The frog wished it sing as well as the bird. 2. The gulls find a good place to build their nests. 3. “It would be lovely to have the forest in order again, it?” asked Elephant. 4. The bees be the winners of the contest because their design is practical and useful. 5. What have happened if Bear had not bumped into a tree? Listening Listen to the sentences. Tick the correct meaning of the homonym in each sentence. 1. bright smart, clever strong light 2. bark the short, loud cry of a dog the tough material that covers the outside of a tree 64 © 2017 Scholastic Education International (S) Pte Ltd ISBN 978-981-47-8114-5

3. arm the part between the shoulder and the wrist 4. watch to provide with weapons to pay attention to what is happening a small clock with a strap that is worn on the wrist Speaking Owl is encouraging the animals while Elephant is congratulating the bees on winning the contest. The birds must design a Congratulations! You have won nest where the eggs do the contest with your design. not fall out. Good luck! Here are some expressions you can use when you encourage someone or congratulate him or her on winning a prize. Encouraging someone Congratulating someone Good luck! That’s great! Keep up the good work! That is really good news. Do the best you can. That’s wonderful! Try it out Pair up with a classmate. Take turns to pretend you are taking part in a contest. What would you say to your partner? How would you congratulate him or her on winning? © 2017 Scholastic Education International (S) Pte Ltd ISBN 978-981-47-8114-5 65

Writing A story web helps us organise the information we get from a story. Here is a story web of The Prize-winning Design. 1. Setting 2. Characters Bee Eagle In the forest Elephant Owl Parrot and Bear Gull Hornbill Goose and Duck 5. Ending The 3. Problem The bees were Prize-winning The forest was in a declared the winners mess because eggs of the competition and Design kept falling out of their were allowed to build nests and hives broke their hives anywhere easily. in the forest. Owl proposed to holding a competition. It was held to solve these problems. 4. Solution The eagles, geese, ducks and other birds changed the location of their nests. Gull changed the shape of its eggs. The bees designed hexagonal cells that made their hive strong. Now, make a story web like the one above to write a story on The House Next Door in your notebook. W B Unit 5, pages 27–28 66 © 2017 Scholastic Education International (S) Pte Ltd ISBN 978-981-47-8114-5

Review What did you learn? Tick. Homonyms are words that have the same spelling and pronunciation but different meanings. The -ing form of a verb is called the present participle. We use a helping verb with the present participle to form a continuous tense. The present participle can also be used as an adjective. The -ed, -en or -t forms of a verb are called past participles. They can be used as verbs or adjectives. In some words, the letters ou make the short oo sound. Project Work Get into groups of three. Each group chooses the home of one animal, one bird and one home built by humans such as an igloo or an apartment. Make a chart with pictures of these homes. List the special features of each home and explain why it is suitable for the creature who lives in it. © 2017 Scholastic Education International (S) Pte Ltd ISBN 978-981-47-8114-5 67

6Helping Others Before you read Have you ever helped someone? What did you do? How did you feel after that? Project Lucy Who or what is Lucy? My name is Sam Bolder. I am eight years old and I live in the state of New Jersey, USA. Each year, many people visit the town where I live. One popular attraction is called Lucy the Elephant. Lucy is a huge wooden structure in the shape of an elephant. Children can climb up a winding staircase in one of Lucy’s legs and “ride” her by sitting on the seats at the top. From there, they can enjoy a beautiful view! Many people also buy mementos at the gift shop. One weekend, my cousin Victor came to stay with us. We decided that we would spend a day visiting Lucy. Victor is almost blind and popular: liked by many people winding: twisting and turning structure: a building or an object that is made mementos: objects that remind us of someone from many parts or something 68 © 2017 Scholastic Education International (S) Pte Ltd ISBN 978-981-47-8114-5

needs someone to be his “eyes” and help him along. I What did Sam was delighted to be Victor’s guide. decide to do? The next day, when we were about to enter Lucy, I suddenly felt sick and had to rush to a toilet nearby. Poor Victor was left alone outside Lucy. He couldn’t go into Lucy and climb the winding staircase by himself. I felt very bad about leaving him alone and helpless. So, I immediately decided that I was going to do something to make a difference to the lives of children like Victor, who can’t explore places like I can. I discussed the matter with my parents. Dad came up with the idea of Project Lucy. We held a poster-making contest to get other children interested in making places accessible to handicapped people. The theme of the poster-making contest was “Making a Difference”. You had to think of ways to make life easier for anyone with any kind of physical or learning disability, and present it in a poster. The response was incredible and we thanked the children for their entries. Some of my parents’ friends judged the entries. The winning posters were displayed at the gift shop. delighted: very happy incredible: hard to believe accessible: able to be entered or reached entries: people or things taking part in a competition disability: a physical or mental condition that does not allow people to do things that others can do © 2017 Scholastic Education International (S) Pte Ltd ISBN 978-981-47-8114-5 69

We managed to sell about one thousand posters at What do you one dollar each! think Sam will do with the We also had an auction. We collected nice items from money? our family and friends and put them up for bidding. The auction was a great success. Dad also persuaded a local restaurant to donate a dollar to Project Lucy for every person who ate at the restaurant on one special day. This event raised US$ 500 for Project Lucy. Since then, we have entered Project Lucy in the national “Make a Difference Day” award competition. If we win, we will receive a sum of US$ 10,000. We have been working very hard to make sure that Project Lucy has a chance of winning the award. Part of this money will go towards making it possible for everyone to enjoy visiting Lucy. We hope to spend the money on a few things to make Lucy accessible: a ramp with special guide ropes so everyone can get to the top of Lucy; an information leaflet about tourist attractions printed in Braille for blind and partially- sighted people; decorations with different materials and textures for disabled people to touch and feel. After you read Imagine that you see Victor standing alone and helpless. What would you do to help him? auction: a public sale where persuaded: made someone agree to do something something is sold to the person who is Braille: a written language used by blind people willing to pay the highest price for it partially-sighted: someone who can only see very little textures: the feel of a surface bidding: the offering of prices for things at an auction 70 © 2017 Scholastic Education International (S) Pte Ltd ISBN 978-981-47-8114-5

Reading Comprehension A. Read the sentences below. Write T for True and F for False. 1. Sam was partially-sighted, so he could not climb the winding staircase. 2. Lucy was not a popular attraction. 3. Sam was unhappy because he had to take Victor to see Lucy. 4. Nobody participated in the poster-making competition. 5. Sam was able to raise a lot of money for Project Lucy. 6. Sam auctioned off all his old belongings to raise money. 7. Sam’s father convinced the restaurant owner to contribute a portion of his earnings to Project Lucy. 8. Project Lucy won the “Make a Difference Day” competition. B. Answer the following questions. 1. What did Sam hope to do during Victor’s visit? 2. Why did Sam want to start Project Lucy? 3. How did Sam raise money for Project Lucy? © 2017 Scholastic Education International (S) Pte Ltd ISBN 978-981-47-8114-5 71

4. How did Sam’s family and friends support the project? 5. Do you think Sam is good at solving problems? Give reasons for your answer. 6. Do you think Sam was a helpful and caring boy? Why do you think so? 7. If you were Victor’s cousin, what would you have done? 8. What is the kindest thing that you have done for anybody? Did that person appreciate it? Do you think Sam expected people to thank him for his efforts? C. Check your understanding of Drawing Conclusions. Match Sam’s actions with the words that describe his character. 1. He was happy to be a. grateful Victor’s guide. 2. He thanked the children b. hard- who submitted posters. working 3. He was very upset to c. helpful see Victor so helpless. 4. He organised a d. caring poster-making competition and an auction. 72 © 2017 Scholastic Education International (S) Pte Ltd ISBN 978-981-47-8114-5

Vocabulary We would spend a day visiting Lucy. This table is made of wood. Homophones are words that have the same pronunciation but different spellings and meanings. Match each picture with the correct sentence. 1. The car was speeding a. down the road. 2. The policeman rode on b. horseback to reach the spot. 3. Jimmy heard his mother c. calling him. 4. I waited for the herd of d. cattle to cross the road. W B Unit 6, page 29 Try it out Find the homophones of the words won, by, too and bee from the first two paragraphs of the text. © 2017 Scholastic Education International (S) Pte Ltd ISBN 978-981-47-8114-5 73

Grammar We have entered Project Lucy in the national “Make a Difference Day” award competition. The train has just left the station. Diane has lived in London all her life. We use the present perfect tense to talk about an action that happened in the past but still affects the present or continues in the present. We form the present perfect tense by using the helping verb has or have with the past participle of the main verb. Fill in the blanks with the present perfect tense of the verbs given in the brackets. 1. Gina (win) many prizes in chess and is now preparing for the inter-school competition. 2. I can’t go to the party as I (hurt) my ankle. 3. Kim (lose) her house keys and now she can’t get in. 4. You look so different! You (cut) your hair. 5. We already (complete) our project. 6. The Internet (change) our lives in many ways. W B Unit 6, pages 30–31 74 © 2017 Scholastic Education International (S) Pte Ltd ISBN 978-981-47-8114-5

Andy has been unwell for more than a week. Andy has been unwell since last Monday. The words for and since are used with the present perfect tense. We use for to talk about a period of time. We use since to show a particular time when an action started. Fill in the blanks with for or since. 1. I haven’t eaten junk food Sunday. 2. I haven’t eaten junk food a week. 3. They have lived in this house ten years. 4. They have lived in this house his first birthday. W B Unit 6, pages 31–32 We have been working very hard to make sure that Project Lucy has a chance of winning the award. She has been waiting for the train since 6 a.m. We use the present perfect continuous tense to talk about an action which began at some time in the past and is still going on or has just stopped. We form the present perfect continuous tense by using the helping verb has or have, followed by the word been and then add -ing to the verb. Fill in the blanks with the present perfect continuous tense of the verbs in the brackets. 1. It (snow) since last Monday. 2. Grandma (look) for her cat, Tabby, but can’t find him anywhere. © 2017 Scholastic Education International (S) Pte Ltd ISBN 978-981-47-8114-5 75

3. Isabella and Jane (take) art lessons together since they were five. 4. The pilot is exhausted because he (fly) for eight hours. 5. They _______________________________________ (save) for many years to buy a car. W B Unit 6, pages 32–33 Spelling A. Read the words below. They have the double letters rr. interrupt embarrass occurrence hurry sorry carry strawberry merry quarrel sorrow borrow tomorrow mirror horrible terrific B. Read the clues and complete the crossword with words from the word list above. Across 1B 2 5. A sweet soft red fruit 3 4 with seeds on the outside 6. Day after today Down 1. Take and use something 5 belonging to somebody R else Y 2. Take from one 6T place to another 3. You see your reflection in this 4. We wish you a Christmas! 76 © 2017 Scholastic Education International (S) Pte Ltd ISBN 978-981-47-8114-5

Listening Listen to the sentences. Tick the correct homophone for each sentence. 1. allowed aloud 2. knew new 3. tail tale 4. right write 5. eight ate Speaking The old lady is requesting that the boy help her cross the road. I have been Sure, I will standing here for be glad to. a long time. Could you please help me cross the road? Here are some ways you can make requests. Can I borrow your pen? Could you help me lift these boxes? Could is considered more polite than can. Try it out Get into groups of four. Take turns to make and reply to requests such as asking for a pen or asking for help with a sum. © 2017 Scholastic Education International (S) Pte Ltd ISBN 978-981-47-8114-5 77

Writing Email or electronic mail is the system of sending and receiving messages through the Internet. Here is an example of an email. From: Sally <[email protected]> Subject line To: Kieran <[email protected]> This should refer to Subject: A small request the message. Greeting Dear Kieran, Greet the person. We have reached Miami safely. The weather Introductory paragraph is quite warm. and main body Introduce and deal with The food is amazing here. I have been eating the main topic. continuously since we arrived. Could I ask you to do me a favour, please? I have left my bicycle unlocked. Please lock it for me. I will see you on Tuesday and collect the keys. Thanks again. Closing Sign off with a Your friend, suitable ending. Sally Write an email to your friend telling him or her about what you have been doing during your summer holidays. W B Unit 6, page 34 78 © 2017 Scholastic Education International (S) Pte Ltd ISBN 978-981-47-8114-5

Review What did you learn? Tick. Homophones are words that have the same pronunciation but different spellings and meanings. We use the present perfect tense to talk about an action that happened in the past but still affects the present or continues in the present. We form the present perfect tense by using the helping verb has or have with the past participle of the main verb. The words for and since are used with the present perfect tense. We use for to talk about a period of time. We use since to show a particular time when an action started. We use the present perfect continuous tense to talk about an action which began at some time in the past and is still going on or has just stopped. We form the present perfect continuous tense by using the helping verb has or have, followed by the word been and then add -ing to the verb. Some words are spelt with the double letters rr. Project Work Make a chart about a place you visited. Paste pictures of the people, the food, the famous places and write a few sentences about each picture. Display your chart in class. © 2017 Scholastic Education International (S) Pte Ltd ISBN 978-981-47-8114-5 79

7Spades and Spoons Before you read What do you do when someone asks you to do something that you find boring or difficult? Gathering Leaves Why does the Spades take up leaves speaker “make a No better than spoons, great noise”? And bags full of leaves Are light as balloons. I make a great noise Of rustling all day Like rabbit and deer Running away. But the mountains I raise Elude my embrace, Flowing over my arms And into my face. I may load and unload Does the speaker Again and again find gathering Till I fill the whole shed, leaves easy? And what have I then? © 2017 Scholastic Education International (S) Pte Ltd ISBN 978-981-47-8114-5 elude: escape from embrace: the action of holding someone or something closely in one’s arms 80

Next to nothing for weight, And since they grew duller From contact with earth, Next to nothing for colour. Next to nothing for use. But a crop is a crop, And who’s to say where The harvest shall stop? –Robert Frost After you read Do you think the speaker enjoys gathering leaves? Why do you think so? Would you enjoy gathering leaves? Reading Comprehension A. Read the poem again. Circle the words that rhyme in each stanza. (The first one has been done for you.) What do you notice about the order of rhyming words? Spades take up leaves No better than spoons, And bags full of leaves Are light as balloons. © 2017 Scholastic Education International (S) Pte Ltd ISBN 978-981-47-8114-5 81

B. Match the sentences with their correct meanings. 1. Spades take up a. What will the leaves no better speaker have when than spoons. the whole shed is filled with leaves? 2. Bags full of b. Spades are as useless leaves are light as spoons when as balloons. picking up leaves. 3. I make a great c. The huge bags full noise of rustling all of leaves are as light day like rabbit and and airy as balloons. deer running away. 4. Till I fill the whole d. Gathering leaves is shed, and what an endless task. have I then? 5. And who’s to say e. The noise made where the harvest when gathering shall stop? leaves is like the sound of rabbits and deer running away. C. Answer the following questions. 1. What does the speaker use to gather leaves? 2. For how long does the speaker do the work? 3. Which animals is the speaker reminded of while gathering leaves? 4. Where does the speaker unload the bags of leaves? 5. Why did the leaves grow duller? 82 © 2017 Scholastic Education International (S) Pte Ltd ISBN 978-981-47-8114-5

D. The poem has many comparisons. Complete the table. The thing being compared What it is compared to spoons bags full of leaves a great noise of rustling crops E. Imagine the speaker is your friend. What advice would you give him or her about gathering leaves? Write two sentences. F. Check your understanding of Identifying the Main Idea. Which stanza does each sentence below relate to? Write the stanza number beside each. 1. The leaves are worthless because they don’t weigh a lot and are unattractive. 2. Gathering leaves is noisy and takes all day. 3. Leaves, unlike crops, are useless. 4. Gathering leaves in bags with spades is hard work. 5. The piles of leaves I gather fly all over the place. 6. I carry out this task repeatedly but what is the use? © 2017 Scholastic Education International (S) Pte Ltd ISBN 978-981-47-8114-5 83

Vocabulary I make a great noise. Please don’t make a mistake again. Some words in English usually go together. For example, we do not say I do a great noise or Please don’t do a mistake again. A. Fill in the blanks with words from the box. The first one has been done for you. big keep catch have 1. big mistake 3. a bus 2. surprise 4. a cold improvement a thief breakfast a diary fun a secret a headache a promise B. Fill in the blanks with make or do. Then, make sentences with any three groups of words in your notebook. 1. a phone call 2. yoga 3. homework 4. an appointment 84 W B Unit 7, page 35 © 2017 Scholastic Education International (S) Pte Ltd ISBN 978-981-47-8114-5

Grammar She is gathering the leaves tomorrow afternoon. I am working on a farm this summer. We use a helping verb such as am, is or are with the -ing form of another verb (present participle) to form the present continuous tense. We sometimes use the present continuous tense to talk about an action that has been planned for the future. A. Fill in the blanks with the present continuous tense of the verbs given in the brackets. 1. The farmers (go) to the vegetable market tomorrow. 2. Dan (visit) the country fair with his family next week. 3. Peter and his friends (play) football tonight. 4. The prime minister (attend) a function at the stadium on Saturday. 5. I (see) my dentist next Friday. 6. My grandparents (celebrate) their wedding anniversary soon. 7. Veronica (wash) her hair tonight. 8. I (meet) a friend for lunch this weekend. © 2017 Scholastic Education International (S) Pte Ltd ISBN 978-981-47-8114-5 85

B. Read the following sentences. Write P if the sentence is talking about the present or F if it is talking about the future. 1. We are visiting our grandmother on Friday. 2. The new market is opening next week. 3. It is raining. 4. Dad is sleeping on the lawn. 5. I am helping him wash the car this weekend. W B Unit 7, page 36 I am about to call the gardener. He should have come two hours ago! My mother is about to come home. Do you need her to buy something for you? They are about to leave the house. Do they have everything they need? We use am, is or are with about to and a verb to refer to an action that is going to happen in the immediate or near future. Look at the pictures and write about what these people are going to do. 1. 2. 3. 86 W B Unit 7, page 87 © 2017 Scholastic Education International (S) Pte Ltd ISBN 978-981-47-8114-5

The farmer used to ride a bullock cart to the market, but now he drives a truck. In the past, the farmer would take his children to the market on Sundays. The children will attend dance classes every Sunday. We use the verbs used to and would to express past habits. We use the verb will to talk about regular actions. Fill in the blanks with used to, would or will. 1. When he lived in Australia, Hugh jog every morning. 2. Dexter play the guitar, but now he plays the drums. 3. Maggie brush her teeth before going to bed. 4. When I lived in the city, I see a film once a week. 5. We walk to school every day when we lived near the school. 6. Students walk in a line to class. W B Unit 7, pages 37–38 Try it out Pair up with a classmate. Tell each other about an activity that you used to do and why you no longer do it. © 2017 Scholastic Education International (S) Pte Ltd ISBN 978-981-47-8114-5 87

Spelling A. Read the words below. They have the double letters bb. rabbit cabbage stubborn babble nibble bubbles chubby wobble pebbles ribbon cobbler shabby B. Fill in the blanks with words from the word list above. 1. My uncle makes a tasty salad with , carrots and peas. 2. There are lots of on the pathway that leads to the beach. 3. We saw a man dressed in clothes sitting at the street corner. 4. Chang tied a blue on the gift. 5. Do you want to on a biscuit while you wait for Danny to get dressed? 6. I’m looking for a to mend my torn slippers. 88 © 2017 Scholastic Education International (S) Pte Ltd ISBN 978-981-47-8114-5

Listening Listen to the conversations. Complete the tables to say what each person is doing this weekend. Sheila Saturday Sunday Tim Saturday Sunday Mr Connor Mrs Connor Speaking Jenna is talking about choral reading. Choral reading is reading aloud together with the whole class or with a group of students. Here are a few points to keep in mind while participating in choral reading. 1. Practise reading the text as a group several times. 2. Arrange a sign so that all of you can start at the same moment. 3. Agree beforehand on which words to stress. 4. Make sure you vary the volume of your voice. 5. Make sure you read fast or slow to show the changes in mood. 6. You can use sound effects to add to the drama. © 2017 Scholastic Education International (S) Pte Ltd ISBN 978-981-47-8114-5 89

Try it out Get into two groups. Read Gathering Leaves chorally. Alternate stanzas of the poem between the two groups. While one group reads, the other group could make a rustling noise. Writing An acrostic poem is one where the first letters of all the lines form a word, which usually spells out the topic of the poem. Read the acrostic poem about brownies below. Brownies Beautiful brownies on a plate Ready to be eaten. Often made by my mother When I come home from school. New and fresh it smells, It melts in my mouth, Especially with chocolate fudge Soothes all my cares. Now, write an acrostic poem based on your name. Share your poem with the class. W B Unit 7, page 39 90 © 2017 Scholastic Education International (S) Pte Ltd ISBN 978-981-47-8114-5

Review What did you learn? Tick. We use a helping verb such as am, is or are with the -ing form of another verb (present participle) to form the present continuous tense. We sometimes use the present continuous tense to talk about an action that has been planned for the future. We use am, is or are with about to and a verb to refer to an action that is going to happen in the immediate or near future. We use the verbs used to and would to express past habits. We use the verb will to talk about regular actions. Some words are spelt with the double letters bb. Project Work Make a scrapbook of leaves. Collect different kinds of leaves and stick them in your scrapbook. You can arrange them according to their shape or size. Label the leaves. © 2017 Scholastic Education International (S) Pte Ltd ISBN 978-981-47-8114-5 91

8A Well for Ugandans Before you read In which continent is Uganda? What do you know of this continent? The Daily 2 June 2016 Well Done, Ryan! He and his classmates had been working on a project Express network whose theme was water. They realised that unlike A six-year-old Canadian boy’s people in Canada, many efforts to provide clean water Africans had no access to in faraway Africa in 1998 clean water. As a result, started a movement that is they fell ill and even died still going strong today. of waterborne diseases. Ryan Hreljac was six years old when he first wished Why did many Africans to build a well in Africa. die of waterborne diseases? Ryan first put his wish into action by getting his parents to pay for the work he did for them. When he realised that it would take him an provide: give waterborne diseases: diseases going strong: continuing to be successful spread through dirty water access to: opportunity to use 92 © 2017 Scholastic Education International (S) Pte Ltd ISBN 978-981-47-8114-5

extremely long time to 2 raise sufficient money that Mrs Kristensen, another of way, he did chores for his Ryan’s neighbours. neighbours too. Impressed by his According to a neighbour, dedication, newspapers Ryan had been doing and the local TV station ran chores, such as washing a story on Ryan’s well and his car and watering his more donations came in. garden, to raise money for the well he wished What happened to build. when Ryan’s efforts “I was touched by the were published in little boy’s effort and the newspaper? determination to heIp people he did not even “I was very surprised to know. I paid him for all see some money inside an the work I would normally envelope that said Ryan’s have done myself,” said Well,” chirped Ryan. More and more money came in after the first envelope. Ryan’s father contacted an aid agency to help them manage the money they had received. As soon as they had sufficient money, Ryan and his father travelled to Angolo, a village in Uganda, where they helped build the well. sufficient: enough dedication: willingness to work hard chores: small jobs done in and around the house determination: strong desire to do something chirped: talked in a cheerful way aid agency: an organisation which provides help to people in need © 2017 Scholastic Education International (S) Pte Ltd ISBN 978-981-47-8114-5 93

Able-bodied men in Angolo 3 worked hard to build the wish to provide clean water well with the materials and for the Ugandans came true. equipment bought with the Not only that, Ryan also met money that Ryan had raised. Akana Jimmy, an orphan in “The villagers were excited the village. The boys became and overjoyed when the well great friends, united in was completed. They sang friendship by Ryan’s simple and danced in celebration wish to help others. the entire night!” exclaimed Today, Ryan’s little school Ryan’s father. project has grown to The villagers no longer had become Ryan’s Well to walk long distances in Foundation that works to search of water. For Ryan, his provide clean water to villages all over Africa. After you read A little boy achieved something big. What qualities helped him succeed? Reading Comprehension A. Read the sentences below. Write T for True and F for False. 1. Well Done, Ryan! is a newspaper report about a boy named Ryan Hreljac. 2. Many Africans died of waterborne diseases. 3. Angolo is a village in Canada. able-bodied: physically strong orphan: a child whose parents are dead 94 © 2017 Scholastic Education International (S) Pte Ltd ISBN 978-981-47-8114-5

4. Ryan and his father built the well by themselves. 5. Akana Jimmy was Ryan’s classmate in Canada. B. Answer the following questions. 1. Why was Ryan surprised to find some money in an envelope sent to him? 2. How did the building of the well change the lives of the villagers? 3. What kind of a person is Ryan? Give reasons for your answer. 4. Ryan’s Well is the result of Ryan’s determination to help other people. Write five sentences about how you would like to help others. 5. Many people suffer when there are no rains or when there is a flood or an earthquake. Make a list of things you can do to help people in such cases. C. Check your understanding of Identifying the Main Idea. 1. Do you think the newspaper headline is a good title? Why? Suggest another suitable title for the report. 2. What is the main idea of Well Done, Ryan? Tick the correct answer.  Ryan Hreljac, a young Canadian boy, fulfilled his wish of providing clean water for Africans by raising money to build a well in Angolo, Uganda.  The villagers in Angolo asked Ryan for help and were overjoyed with Ryan’s gift of clean water. © 2017 Scholastic Education International (S) Pte Ltd ISBN 978-981-47-8114-5 95

Vocabulary Mrs Kristensen was one of Ryan’s neighbours. An abbreviation is the shortened form of a word or phrase. It is formed by leaving out some letters. Complete the table with words from the box. department mistress kilometre teaspoon Abbreviation Full form Abbreviation Full form Mrs tsp dept km The children were given medicines and food by UNICEF. An acronym is an abbreviation formed from the first letters of some words. These letters are pronounced as a word. Find out the full form of these acronyms and complete the table. Acronym Full form UNESCO United Nations Children’s Fund UNICEF (originally United Nations International ASEAN Children’s Emergency Fund) SAARC Association of Southeast Asian Nations W B Unit 8, page 40 Try it out Get into groups of five. Imagine you belong to the student wing of UNICEF. Make a poster on the topic Save Water. Include specific steps on how to save water in your poster. 96 © 2017 Scholastic Education International (S) Pte Ltd ISBN 978-981-47-8114-5

Grammar With the money that Ryan had raised, he and his father bought equipment to dig a well. (first action) (second action) I was happy that I had helped him. (second action) (first action) We use the past perfect tense to refer to something that happened in the past before the time we are talking about. We form the past perfect tense by using the helping verb had with the past participle of the main verb. We use the past perfect tense to describe the action that took place first and the simple past tense to describe the action that took place later. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verbs given in the brackets. 1. We (rush) to the station but the train (leave). 2. Steve (buy) some popcorn before he (enter) the cinema hall. 3. They (eat) dinner when the guests (arrive). © 2017 Scholastic Education International (S) Pte Ltd ISBN 978-981-47-8114-5 97

4. Nico (know) the girl because he (meet) her before. 5. Helen (do) well in her test because she (study) hard for it. W B Unit 8, pages 41–42 Ryan and his classmates had been working on a project when they realised that many Africans had no access to clean water. We use the past perfect continuous tense to show an action that was going on in the past when a second action took place. We use had been and the present participle of the main verb to form the past perfect continuous tense. We use the past perfect continuous tense for the action that was going on in the past and the simple past tense for the second action. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verbs given in the brackets. 1. The boarders (sleep) soundly when the alarm clock (ring). 2. The children (do) their homework when it (begin) to rain heavily. 3. Mr Crown (teach) at the school for many years before he (become) the headmaster. 4. Mary (read) her favourite book when her cousins (interrupt) her. W B Unit 8, pages 43–44 98 © 2017 Scholastic Education International (S) Pte Ltd ISBN 978-981-47-8114-5