Gauteng lssue 2018

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DRELAEMTSYSOEUTRSAILExpand your mind and discover your world. If you’re looking to explorethe world of international trade and shipping, travel the world, and takecharge of your life, then a career in the maritime sector will put you onthe path to success. Diploma in Nautical Studies (DUD - NS - 3) Minimum Entry Requirements: English - NSC 4 Mathematics - NSC 4 Physical Science - NSC 4 Diploma in Shipping & Logistics (DUD - SL - 3) Minimum Entry Requirements: English - NSC 4 Mathematics - NSC 3 Accounting, Business Studies or Economics - NSC 4 SAMSA Accredited Short Courses: Electronic Navigation Systems at Management Level Electronic Navigation Systems at Operational Level Human Element in Leadership and Management (HELM) Electronic Chart Display and Information Systems (ECDIS) Shore-based short courses: Fundamentals of Shipping Administration of Imports and Exports Contracts of Carriage by Sea Educate - Develop - Engage www.dut.ac.zaDurbanUniversityofTechnology @dut_tweets DutCampusTv

5 REASONS that sets DUT’s Department of Maritime Studies apart: Programmes aligned to the new Higher Education Qualification Sub- Framework (HEQSF) and registered with the South African Qualifications Authority Student-centered learning environment supported by sound teaching, learning and assessment practices Opportunity to participate in international student exchange programmes Holistic development of the student through general and core modules Modules that develop and instil the DUT Graduate AttributesmDEPaArRTiMtEiNmT OeF Visit www.dut.ac.za/faculty/applied_sciences/ maritime_studies/ to find out more.studies All applications via the Central Applications Office (www.cao.ac.za). Closing date: 30 September 2018. 031 373 2144





OUR TEAMPUBLISHER: CHARLTON PETERSEDITOR IN CHIEF: LAURA CUPIDOART DIRECTOR: CHARLTON PETERSADVERTISING DESIGN: KYLE LEE PETERSACCOUNTS & ADMIN: JUDY GRATINODISTRIBUTION: SCIENCE CAREERS SAPRODUCTION: JUDY GRATINO CONTRIBUTORS: SANSA, S K A , N S FAS, DEPT. BASIC EDUCATION, WEST COAST FOSSIL PARK, J A M E S H AY E S , SCIENCE CAREERS SA • TELL 021 224 0995 • CELL 073 488 1484 • FAX: 086 605 4912 • EMAIL [email protected] • WWW. SCIENCECAREERSSA.CO.ZA No article or any part of any article may be reproduced without prior written permission of the publishers. The information provided and opinions expressed in this publication are provided in good faith but do not necessarily represent the opinions of this publication, the publisher or the editor. Neither this magazine, the publisher nor the editor can be held legally liable in any way for damages of any kind whatsoever arising directly or indirectly from any facts or information provided or omitted in these pages, or from any statements made or withheld by this publication. Science Careers SA Magazine is published by Science Careers SA (Pty) Ltd. All material contained herein, the concept, the idea and all intellectual rights are the sole ownership and under copy right of Science Careers SA (Pty) Ltd, and may not be copied or reproduced in any way. | SCIENCE CAREERS SA

BECOME ASCIENTIST Change the world! OK, too much pressure, but scientists do change the way we live and understand our world. Will you be the next leading banker? What is BIG DATA? Can we cure the big diseases? What is Materials Science? Is it possible to develop a South African solution to clean water and energy? Do you want to be a top reasearcher in the field of Astronomy and Astro-physics? Is nuclear energy safe? Can the environment be saved? Why is Mathematics important? Would you like to join a leading Actuarial Science programme? Choose from an exciting mix of cutting-edge degrees atwww.wits.ac.za/science Find out more



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InspirationalNonkululeko Radebe Polymerscience postgraduate shines oninternational stage |10 SCIENCE CAREERS SA

Proudly Sponsonsored ByNonkululeko Radebe, an MSc By her third year of study, she She says the conference in Linz student in polymer science developed an interest in polymer was an amazing experience: “By at Stellenbosch University (SU), science.“I realized that polymers are a attending this conference, I had was awarded the prestigious big part of our everyday lives but very direct access to people whose work Borealis Poster Award at an few people study them. Polymers are in I often reference. It was literally like international conference on our face creams, our cars (i.e. tires, faux having the Beyoncé, Erykah Badu, polymer analysis and leather seats, and dashboard), cellphone Hugh Masekela and Kanye West characterization (ISPAC 2017) covers, food packaging, soles of our of polymer characterization all in which took place in Linz, Austria, shoes and so much more. I took an one room for four days! It was also recently. interest and subsequently worked night motivating to know that the research and day to get a place in the honors done at our department is some of Ms Radebe, who matriculated group.” In her honours year, she the most advanced and unique in from Brescia House School in approached her current study leader, the world,” she adds. Johannesburg,says she landed Prof Harald Pasch, about the possibility up studying polymer science of doing an MSc in his research group. She explains: “Polymeric materials completely by chance: “When I “Fortunately, he had a project for me are used in many industries and was in Grade 9, my Natural and I did not hesitate in taking the understanding the structural Sciences teacher advised me not properties of these materials is to pursue science. I ignored her opportunity,” she continues. imperative to the development and advice and took science anyway. production of products. It turned out that I had a knack for For her MSc project, Ms Radebe calculating bond energies. I wanted combined two highly specialized She plans to complete her MSc to o know and understand periodic thesis by the end of the year and table of elements and I was techniques, namely thermal then to pursue a PhD in the same interested in finding out ‘nerdy’ stuff field-flow fractionation (ThFFF) field. But she also wants to inspire like why the sky is blue and why and Fourier Transform infrared young people to use science to salt melts ice.” spectroscopy (FTIR), to determine explore the challenges facing society today: “One day I want to After matriculating in 2011, she the structural properties of be in a position where I can put applied at several universities for complex polymers in terms of more effort into investing in women programmes ranging from law to their molecular weight distribution to study science and influence Accounting and Engineering. “I did deliberate systematic changes that this because I was only 17 and very and chemical composition will allow racial and gender diversity few people at that age can decide distribution. in science.” what they want to do for the rest of their lives. So I took a gamble. Furthermore, the data can be \"Being a graduate was the only thing used for quality control purposes, I was 100% sure of\" When she was comparison of supplier materials, accepted for a BSc in Chemistry and and design of production lines. Polymer Science at SU, she had no The above-mentioned techniques idea what polymer science was, “but it sounded like something cool to say are also used to characterize I was studying!” unknown materials and polymer mixtures.”The title of her poster was Multidimensional analysis of polymers using thermal field-flow fractionation and Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy’. |SCIENCE CAREERS SA 11

Choosing a Qualifications gi i 11 e r v e 11 t i o 11 scareer Whatever your choice of SASSETA l earni ng education is or will be, alwaysYour choice of career will shape your life, make sure that the service programmesso it is important that you take time to provider, university, college orconsider your options. Many young South private educational provider is There are a number of different ways thatAfricans have limited access to reliable accredited, and offers recognised those who want to enter the Safety and Securityinformation on their options for education training (you can verify with the Sector can get the skills they need.The followingand training after school, as well as careers Department of H i g h e r Education are different learning programmes offered byand career pathways. and Training). SASSETA.To guide you in making the perfect choice Recognised qualifications tearnershiesof study, there are certain steps that you available in South Africa:may want to follow to find out what type Learnerships are structured trainingof career suits you best. three or four years programmes that combine theoretical learning of h i g h e r education offered provided by an accredited training institution Step 1: Self-assessment by universities. These are with practical work experience gained with an referred to as undergraduate employer. This learning experience is designedTake time to understand what you are all degrees and may be followed to enable learners to achieve a nationalabout. What are you good at? What do by postgraduate qualifications qualification.The awarding of the qualificationyou enjoy doing? What would give you such as Honours, Masters or is both theoretically and practically based.career satisfaction? What type of person P h D of which the duration is aare you? What subjects have you studied m i n i m u m of one year e a c h . A learnership is not a qualification, but aat school? learning route towards achieving a A nationally-recognised qualification. The idea is Step 2: U n d e r s t a n d i n g t h e w o r l d of three-year q u a l i f i c a t i o n , offered that people learn the details of an occupation by U n i v e r s i ti e s of Technology by practicing all its aspects under the work that offers both theoretical guidance of an experienced and qualified and practical t r a i n i n g . After person (normally referred to as a mentor) and Gather as much information as possible obtaining a National Diploma, are designed to promote the transfer of about options available to you. l e a r n e r s may enroll for BTech learning to the workplace. degree. Understand what qualifications options Learnerships are based on legally binding are available to you (for example degree, Qua I ification agreements between the employer, the learner, diploma, certificate or learnership). offered by an accredited provider and the training provider. The agreement spells at higher education level, out the tasks and duties of each party to the Utilise every possible source including both theoretical and learnership agreement and what happens in available to you to research careers practical aspects. The duration case of disputes. that you are interested in. Contact of the courses may vary. educational institutions. Speak to Anyone can apply for a learnership. your life orientation teachers at One-year Learnerships are available for both employed school. Attend career expos. or less at Further or H i g h e r and unemployed learners and are not restricted Education level offered by to any occupation or age group. There is no fee Find out where you can study what an accredited provider which charged for a person to be on a learnership. The interest you. University of Technology, includes both practical and skill employer must pay a learner allowance to Technical Vocational Education and orientated training. unemployed learners selected for a learnership. Training (TVET) College and a private Employed learners who already have a salary training provider. do not qualify for a learner's allowance. The duration of a learnership takes a minimum of Get as much information as possible one year. on important issues such as admission requirements, deadlines for application, If you are unemployed when the learnership fees, bursary schemes or loans begins, there is no guarantee of a job on available and duration of study. successful completion of the learnership. The employer who offers you workplace learning is not obliged to offer you a job. But with a qualification and a minimum one year workplace experience, you will be in a better position to get a job than before.

Bursaries Recosnition of Prior L e a r n i n sA BURSARY is financial assistance to study Recognition of Prior Learning (RPL) refers to the assessment of the skills, knowledge and capabilitytowards a registered and/or recognized held by a person, regardless of how, when and where the learning occurred. The assessment is donequalification with a registered and accredited outside of a formal learning programme, and may draw on experiential and other forms of evidence.institution. The purpose of the SASSETA bursaryis to assist students in greatest need, to RPL allows a person to obtain a qualification, based on an assessment of the person's past trainingcontinue to study and to relieve the financial and work experience, whether obtained formally or informally. Any person who believes that theypressure for them. Students who have already have extensive experience in a particular occupation can follow the RPL path. In thisregistered with a public institution in a field of instance, you would identify the qualification that best suits your experience, then you would bestudy which is regarded as a scarce skill in the assessed by an accredited education and training provider according to the requirements of theSafety and Security Seta qualify qualification. This will identify where there are gaps in your experience, which you can addressto apply for SASSETA bursary. through credit-bearing skills programmes to acquire the qualification.Internships What is Work tnresrared tearntnsInternships are programmes designed to give fWILJ?university graduates an opportunity to extendtheir academic qualifications with structured WIL refers to a departure point of applied learning that focuses on work experienceworkplace exposure and specialized training. (i.e. acquiring work-related skills) under supervision and/or mentorship in the workplace.Candidates are placed in stakeholder companies It is a learning programme that focuses on the application of theory in an authentic, work-basedand government organizations on a full-time context.basis for eight to 12 months. The purpose is toprovide the learner with workplace experience Aims of WILthat builds on the qualification. Internships are To expose students to the real workplace while still studying.ideal for graduates or for those with tertiary To assist students to gain general work experience in a professional work environment.qualifications who lack practical experience. To help students develop a range of valuable generic skills.Skills ercarammes To make the transition from student to employee easier.Skills programmes are shorter learning SASSETA REGISTERED LEARNERSHIPS ANDprogrammes that are a stepping stone to QUALIFICATIONSa full qualification. They are job-focusedtraining interventions and are often Title of qualification/learnership NQFintroduced in response to a skills need in a - ��-�� levelparticular industry where an urgent job isrequired but employees do not have the skills Law Enforcement Sheriffing 5to do it. Skills programmes are important as 6they are building blocks towards a full National Diploma: Joint and Multi-operationsqualification - all credits gained make up thebuilding blocks for a full qualification. National Diploma: Legal Interpreting 5 National Certificate: Multi-national Safety and Security Operations Management 5APPrenticeshiPs National Certificate: Paralegal Practice 5An apprenticeship is a technical trainingsystem that includes practical and theoretical National Certificate: Resolving of Crime 5training. Apprenticeships are offered in Basic Policing Training 5particular trades such as diesel mechanics,bricklaying and electricians. After passing a National Certificate: Road Safety Development 5trade test, the learner or employee isrecognized as an artisan. Apprenticeships Attorneys Practice 7are different from learnerships in that theyare job-oriented rather than career-oriented Corrections Science 4and relate to a specific trade. Diploma in Court Services Management 5 Electronic Security Technician 4 FETC: Road Traffic Law Enforcement 4 General Security Officer's Learnership 3 Post-graduate Certificate: Trade Mark Practise 7 Further Education and Training Certificate: Use of Firearms 4 Further Education and Training Certificate: Firearms Maintenance 4 National Certificate: Family Law 5 National Certificate: Criminology 5 Human Resources Management and Practices Support 4 Human Resources Management and Practices 5 National Certificate: Forensic Science 5 FETC: Road Traffic Law Enforcement 4 Aviation Security Specialist 4 Further Education and Training Certificate: Sp@cialist S@curity Practices 4 Close Protection Specialist 4 -

SCARCE AND CRITICAL SKILLS IN THE SAFETY SECURITY SECTORS c a r c e s k i l l s is when there are not e n o u g h s k i l l e d p e o p l e to do a p a r t i c u l a r job w i t h i n an i n d u s t r y .C r i t i c a l s k i l l s refers to p a r t i c u l a r c a p a b i l i t i e s n e e d e d w i t h i n an o c c u p a t i o n , for e x a m p l e , f o r e n s i c s c i e n c e ( P o l i c e Officer - n e g o t i a t i o n s k i l l s ) .Scarce and critical s k i l l s list for the Safety and Security Sector OCCUPATION DEFINITION M I N I M U M SUBJECTS ENTRY INSTITUTION REQUIREMENTProfessionalCivil Design, construct, supervise, M i n i m u m of 50% or more in both Maths and Nelson MandelaEngineer operate, and maintain large Physical Science. Metropolitan University.Criminologist c o n s t r u c t i o n projects and Every a p p l i c a n t m u s t write a n a s s e s s m e n t systems, including roads, test. b u i l d i n g s , airports, tunnels, dams, bridges, and systems for water s u p p l y a n d s e w a g e treatment. iA criminologist studies crime Be a h i g h - s c h o o l g r a d u a t e . U n i v e r s i t y of S o u t h H o l d a b a c h e l o r ' s d e g r e e from a c c r e d i t e d Africa ( U N I S A ) . and law. I t is a s o c i o l o g i s t or s o c i a l scientist who c o l l e g e or u n i v e r s i t y . specialises in c r i m i n o l o g y Pass a t h o r o u g h background check. studies social behaviours.Interpreter Interpretation involves Good language s k i l l s in E n g l i s h (spoken a n d Short Learning P r o g r a m m e at U N I S A® t r a n s l a t i n g oral speech into written). another l a n g u a g e . Court G o o d l a n g u a g e p r o f i c i e n c y ( s p o k e n ) i n at and Wits L a n g u a g e S c h o o l a n d is SASSETA i n t e r p r e t e r s work w i t h i n the l e a s t o n e o t h e r l a n g u a g e from a n y of the accredited. j u d i c i a l system. official South African languages, South African S i g n Language, French, Portuguese, Spanish, Italian, German, Mandarin, Arabic, S h o n a or S w a h i l i . Other foreign African l a n g u a g e s on request A National S e n i o r Certificate (Grade 1 2 ) or equivalent. B a s i c c o m p u t e r literacy (Word, internet, YouTube a n d e m a i l ) . �- -Technical and Associate Professional ·Air Space Air Space Control Operators South African citizens between 1 8 and 21 1 8 m o n t h s t r a i n i n g at A i rController operate the radar, man the years (inclusive) when starting Basic Military S p a c e C o n t r o l S c h o o l atl n te r n a l operations room a n d make Training. AFB Waterkloof,Auditor meteorological observations. C l a s s i f i e d m e d i c a l l y fit for d u t y by the including Basic Military@ I n s t i t u t e for A v i a t i o n Medicine. T r a i n i n g at A i r Force Completed Grade 1 2 with E n g l i s h as a Gymnasium. passed subject, M a t h e m a t i c s ( N S C level 4) and Geography essential. The i n t e r n a l a u d i t o r assists For candidates who matriculated in 2007 U n i v e r s i t y of m a n a g e m e n t to h e l p a c h i e v e or before: Technologies. the a i m s a n d o b j e c t i v e s of N a t i o n a l S e n i o r C e r t i f i c a t e or e q u i v a l e n t the o r g a n i s a t i o n , e s p e c i a l l y qualification. regarding risk m a n a g e m e n t , 50% H i g h e r G r a d e or 60% Standard Grade i n t e r n a l control a n d corporate in A c c o u n t i n g . governance. For candidates who completed the NSC in 2008 and thereafter: N a t i o n a l S e n i o r C e r t i f i c a t e or e q u i v a l e n t qualification. M i n i m u m of 5 0 % in A c c o u n t i n g .

OCCUPATION DEFINITION M I N I M U M SUBJECTS ENTRY INSTITUTION REQUIREMENTServices and sales Traffic officers enforce the South African citizen. Metro Police road rules and signs. Ensure Grade 1 2 or equivalent. Department Academy:Traffic a safe passage in traffic and No criminal record.Officer that all road users, including Code B driving Licence (manual JHB, Durban, pedestrians, use our roads in transmission). Tshwane. an orderly and safe manner. Medical certificate confirming that a person The m a i n purpose of traffic may do strenuous exercises. Traffic Training officers is to ensure the safe Not older than 35 years of age. Colleges: and free flow of traffic to prevent road crashes and Boekenhoutkloof, deaths on our roads. Limpopo, KZN, Mangaung, Gene Lauw.Security A security officer secures No academic qualifications. Accredited ServiceOfficer premises and personnel by Good standard of general education will be Providers. patrolling property; helpful. monitoring surveillance Security Industry Authority licence. equipment; inspecting buildings, equipment, and access points; permitting entry. Obtains h e l p by sounding alarms.S k i l l e d agricultural, forestry, fishery, craft and related trades workersElectrician An electrician p l a n s , i n s t a l l s, A pass in Mathematics, Physical Science Registered TVET and maintains wiring from® private homes to power and a language. College for further stations. University entry requires a good pass in four studies: University of subjects including Mathematics, Geometry, Technology. Science and a language.Locksmith Losksmith is a professional Grade 1 1 with no specific subjects. School of Advanced who works with locks on Be 1 8 years of age. Locksmith (SASSETA8 doors, windows, safes, etc. Accredited). install, repair, and adjust locks in everything from cars to office b u i l d i n g s , and they also offer services to people who are locked out or i n d i v i d u a l s who want to consult with someone about I their security systems.Diesel Diesel mechanics diagnose Be at least 1 6 years old. SETA registered TVETMechanic and repair the mechanical Possess a Grade 1 0 Certificate. Colleges. and electrical faults of diesel@) vehicles and machinery. Diagnose engine trouble, dismantle the engine when necessary, and replace or repair defective parts. They reassemble the engine and repair mechanical and electrical faults in construction machinery.Bricklayer Bricklayers build and Mathematics and English. SETA registered TVET m a i n t a i n a range of Colleges.Ci) structures including internal and external walls on b u i l d i n g s etc. They also deal with the repair and refurbishment of existing brickwork.

Above: SKA SA Managing Director, Dr Rob Adam and MeerKATMinister of Science and Technology Naledi Pandor onthe SKA site outside Carnarvon in the Northern Cape joins the ranks of the world’s great scientific instruments through its First Light image A montage of the MeerKAT First Light radio image and four zoomed-in insets. The two panels to the right show distant galaxies with massive black holes at their centres. At lower left is a galaxy approximately 200 million light years away, where hydrogen gas is being used up to form stars in large numbers.|16 SCIENCE CAREERS SA

MeerKAT FIRST LIGHT IMAGE OF THE SKY with the sKAThe MeerKAT First Light image of the Through MeerKAT, South Africa is MeerKAT is a precursor to the Squaresky, released by Minister of Science playing a key role in the design and Kilometre Array (SKA) and follows theand Technology, Naledi Pandor, development of technology for the KAT-7 telescope which was anshows unambiguously that MeerKAT SKA. The South African team of engineering test-bed for MeerKAT.is already the best radio telescope of more than 200 young scientists, MeerKAT is funded by the Southits kind in the Southern Hemisphere. engineers and technicians, in African Government and is a South collaboration with industry, local and African designed telescope with 75%Array Release 1 (AR1) provides 16 of foreign universities and institutions, of its value sourced locally. MeerKATan eventual 64 dishes integrated into has developed the technologies and will be an integral part of SKA Phasea working telescope array. It is the systems for MeerKAT. These 1. An important aspect of the SKA sitefirst significant scientific milestone include cutting edge telescope decision in 2012 was that MeerKATachieved by MeerKAT, the radio antennas and receivers, signal would be part of the sensitive SKAtelescope under construction in the processing, timing, telescope Phase 1 array, which will be the mostKaroo that will eventually be management, computing and data sensitive radio telescope in the world.integrated into the Square Kilometer storage systems, and algorithms for Upon completion at the end of 2017,Array (SKA). data processing.” MeerKAT will consist of 64 dishes and associated instrumentation. SKA1In a small patch of sky covering less In May 2016, more than 150 MID,will include an additional 133than 0.01 percent of the entire researchers and students, two-thirds dishes, bringing the total number forcelestial sphere, the MeerKAT First from South Africa, met in Stellenbosch SKA1 MID to 197.Light image shows more than 1300 to discuss and update the MeerKATgalaxies in the distant Universe, science programme. This will consist The SKA is an international effort tocompared to 70 known in this location of already approved “large survey build the world’s largest radioprior to MeerKAT. “Based on the projects”, plus “open time” available telescope – one hundred times moreresults being shown, we are confident for new projects. An engineering test sensitive than any current radiothat after all 64 dishes are in place, image, produced with only 4 dishes, telescope. The scale of the SKAMeerKAT will be the world’s leading was made available just before that represents a huge leap forward in bothtelescope of its kind until the advent of meeting. engineering, and research andSKA,” says Professor Justin Jonas, development towards building andSKA South Africa Chief Technologist. “The scientists gathered at the May delivering a unique instrument. meeting were impressed to see whatMeerKAT will consist of 64 receptors, four MeerKAT dishes could do,” As one of the largest scientificeach comprising a 13.5-meter says Dr Fernando Camilo, SKA endeavours in history, the SKA willdiameter dish antenna, cryogenic South Africa Chief Scientist. “They bring together a wealth of the world’scoolers, receivers, digitizer, and other are astonished at these finest scientists, engineers and policyelectronics. The commissioning of exceptionally beautiful images, which makers to bring the project to fruition.MeerKAT is done in phases to allow demonstrate that MeerKAT has SKA will be built in two phases –for verification of the system, early joined the big leagues of world radio SKA1 and SKA2 – starting in 2018.resolution of any technical issues, astronomy”. SKA1 will include two components –and initial science exploitation. Early SKA1 MID (to be built in South Africa)science can be done with parts of the Minister Pandor says: “South and SKA1 LOW (to be built inarray as they are commissioned, Africa has already demonstrated its Australia); they will observe theeven as construction continues. AR1 excellent science and engineering Universe at different radioconsists of 16 receptors, AR2 of 32 skills by designing and building frequencies.and AR3 of 64, expected to be in MeerKAT. This telescope, which isplace by late 2017. predominantly a locally designed For more information, contact us: and built instrument, shows the SKA SADr Rob Adam, Square Kilometre world that South Africa can compete 3rd Floor, The Park, Park RoadArray South Africa (SKA SA) in international research, Pinelands, Cape TownManaging Director, says: “The engineering, technology and 7405launch of MeerKAT AR1 and its first science.Government is proud of our www.ska.ac.zaresults is a significant milestone scientists and engineers forfor South Africa. pioneering a radio telescope that will lead to groundbreaking research.” SCIENCE CAREERS SA | 17

studentfunding|18 SCIENCE CAREERS SA

CAN’T AFFORD TO STUDY AFTER TVET College. Applications may also be done onlineSCHOOL? APPLY FOR FINANCIAL at selected higher education Institutions.ASSISTANCE FROM NSFAS. You may qualify for funding if you are:Are you in need of financial assistance to study • A South African citizen with financial need asat a University or Technical Vocational Education determined by NSFAS means test. You will haveand Training (TVET) College? The National to provide proof of your family’s household income.Student Financial Aid Scheme (NSFAS) can helpon the road towards your dream job. NSFAS is • Accepted for admission to study your first highera government student loan and bursary scheme. education qualification at a public university orNSFAS provides loans and bursaries to eligible TVET College.needy and academically deserving students. NSFAS loans have a really low interest rate and areNSFAS has funded over 1.5 Million South Africans repayable once you start working. Depending onfrom 1999. The Scheme continues to grow from your results, up to 40% of your NSFAS loan may beR441 million in 1999 to R8,5 billion in 2013. converted into a bursary, and that amount does not need to be repaid.Apply for a NSFAS study loan or bursary through For more information please visita Financial Aid Office at a public University or Call: 086 00 67 327 Email: [email protected] Website: www.nsfas.org.za NSFAS is a registered credit provider in terms of the national credit act 34 of 2005 (NCRCP 2655) |SCIENCE CAREERS SA 19

WHY YOU SHOULD STUDYScience is Here are our top reasons in order to sustain the growing global amazing! It is for getting your nerd on: population. We are running out of fossilalso one of the fuels which are critical to the efficiency oftoughest subjects 1Be a modern-day hero: The single our industry, farming and supply chains.at school. greatest reason why we should Fresh water is becoming increasinglyScience-y careers study Science, is to ensure humanity’s scarce, with many of the world’s greatestare diverse and sustainable survival on earth! Ecosystems rivers no longer running into the sea.exciting, but are in crisis mode, the planetary weather Diseases are becoming increasinglyrequire years system is changing rapidly, and humanity resistant to antibiotics. The air in manyof vigorous is failing to coexist in harmony with Indian and Chinese cities are verging onacademic other species. World food production unbreathable. The Great Pacific Garbagecommitment. If has to double in the next thirty years,it’s so hard toget somewherewith Science,why should youstudy it?|20 SCIENCE CAREERS SA

Patch has become an unfathomable 3Be adventurous: Science gets Visit online crowd funding platformsmass of floating junk that is destroying you places! I can only speak from such as Kickstarter and Indiegogo,our oceans. The use of fossil fuels my experience - my engineering and appraise the exciting Science-yis polluting our air and adding to the background, which is firmly rooted in inventions that are being funded.Greenhouse effect. Science, has opened a door to great The tech scene is mushrooming with adventure and exploration. I have skunkworks and hackathons that areBefore you despair, there is a silver worked on four continents and have creating radical innovations. It is anlining: every one of these problems can been exposed to a diversity of incredible exciting time to be part of Science andbe improved, and even solved, through experiences that a ‘normal’ office job Technology, and if you want to be at theScience! If you are passionately would never allow. Would you like to cusp of making cool things that make aconcerned about this Planet and about work in jungles? Study Natural Sciences. big difference, study Science!a healthy future for Humanity, get stuck A life of studying volcanoes or auroras,into your Science studies and aim for a perhaps? Study geosciences. Would you 6Be a modern-day hero (#2): SouthScience-y career that will equip you to like to ply you mind to solving massive Africa has a growing deficit of expertmake a difference! problems and driving innovation? Study Science teachers. If you are passionate engineering! Would you like to work with about Science, and passionate about2Be smart: The study of Science killer whales? Study zoology! making a difference, teaching is a encourages problem-solving massively rewarding career path thattenacity that helps you to understand Science-y careers and research is becoming increasingly lucrative.the world around you. I have always allow you visit places that would not Remember, supply and demand dictateexplained to my students that Science be accessible through other fields going rates - if there are fewer expertilluminates one’s path, and that going of study. Whether you want to go to Science teachers around, the demandthrough life without Science is similar Antarctica or to outer space, Science for expertise leads to increased fees.to driving your car along dark roads - is the way to get there. Become a Science teacher, a thoughtyour headlights might light your way leader and a role model!forward, but they don’t illuminate the 4Diversity and flexibility: Fromworld around you. You travel onwards dentistry to plasma physics, 7Wealth: More than a fifth of thewithout ever understanding the context Science-y careers offer vast planet’s wealthiest people on theof your journey. opportunities for professional career Forbes 2015 list studied an engineering development and diversification. degree, according to a recent survey byStudying Science makes you Engineers are welcomed into the the Approved Index platform. A quartercomfortable with the unknown, and financial sector, due to their problem- of the Forbes top-hundred have Sciencegives you the confidence to say: “I solving ability and analytical way of as a foundation for their work.don’t know the answers, but I will find thinking. Many academic physicistsout!” Science is gracious to naivety teach, perform ground-breaking 8Discovery: Science research isbut does not condone the apathy of research and consult private clients a field that allows you to discoverindifference: it allows you to say “I in the same work week. Medical the unknown. The deep oceans aredon’t know, but I want to find out”, but professionals diversify into the legal field unexplored, nanotechnology anddoes not tolerate the attitude of “I don’t to become patent attorneys or medical photonic crystals have so many secrets,know and I don’t care”. lawyers. However on the flip side, it’s and we’re still not sure whether there is rare for a professional with a ‘non- any form of life outside near-earth space.Science is highly structured, but Science-y’ background to bridge into the Imagine being the person that publisheswelcomes change - it constantly Science-based career fields. a peer-reviewed article to tell the worldadjusts its views based on what is about a brand new discovery, or a newobserved. This approach teaches you 5Inventions: Science-y careers revelation in our understanding, or a life-to evolve your thinking by constantly create an intellectual and business altering breakthrough in technology.testing and investigating information, environment that is conducive towhich makes you a well-rounded problem solving and invention. Look This is a call to action for young history-human being and empowers you at all the exciting inventions of the last makers, and for a new wave of heroes towith an ethical approach to others: it twenty years that have completely save this world and make a difference. Ienables you to discern the difference transformed our lifestyles. The Internet,between your opinions, facts, and the everyday use of GPS, mobile encourage you to become part of it! ■to acknowledge the opinions and phone technology, PC’ and touch-beliefs of others without immediately screen displays are but a few. This James Hayes Founder – Science Clinicaccepting or rejecting them. technological progress was made possible due to Science. |SCIENCE CAREERS SA 21

matheHemxoacwetlitcoins|22 SCIENCE CAREERS SA

Generally learners develop a negative hOW DOES ThEattitude towards mathematics due to MATHEMATICS WEBSITESthe lack of general basic mathematical HELP LEARNERS TOknowledge and also due to the lack of ADDRESS THESEa solid foundation in this subject. PROBLEMS?There are various So, in order to excel On the Maths Excellencereasons for this, in mathematics, all website –some of which are: learners have to go www.mathsX.com through the process of: learners in Grades• Learners do not do their homework 10, 11 and 12 who lack• Learners do not catch up on work • Paying careful attention and the basic background learning the content in class. knowledge have access to missed due to absence 364 comprehensive video • Attempting the homework with lessons, notes and tests with• Learners misunderstand work due all its variations. full solutions where they can to lack of concentration or focus fill the gaps on topics missed • Making mistakes and learning out on or misunderstood• Learners lack practice – this is the from their mistakes when the in class. Parents can also most important reason solutions to the homework are monitor their children’s provided . progress online as a progressWHY PRACTISING MATHS report is available of all theIS ESSENTIAL • Re-doing all sums that were test scores. These tests can be incorrect while doing the repeated until a mark close• Learners will come across homework until mastered by to or above 80% is reached. variations in certain topics that using the teacher’s answers won’t necessarily be dealt with in as reference. On this website learners the initial lessons in class. also have access to past The above process must be an exam papers with full• Most variations will only be everyday practice. solutions from 2008 to encountered while attempting the 2015 not only in maths homework and working through Instead of the above process, learners but for all other matric past exam papers. generally leave their ‘studying’ for the subjects as well. last minute and ‘glance over’ their• Variations give the brighter learner work the night before a test or exam the opportunity to express their instead of sitting with pen and paper creativity. and re-doing all the sums especially those they got incorrect while• The average or weaker learner will attempting their homework. encounter the difficulty at home and not face it in the exam room In conclusion, in order to succeed in for the first time. Maths learners need to spend at least 45 minutes everyday attempting MathsThus, when the solutions to the homework and 45 minutes practisingvariations are provided – learning work done earlier in the year ortakes place after the struggle with theexercises at home. However, if the working through past exam papers. ■learner does not attempt the homeworkthen the learning that takes place thefollowing day won’t be embedded andremembered for tests and exams. |SCIENCE CAREERS SA 23

21stArtisanWhy STuDy AT A puBlIC situated, providing accessibility to Annually prospective students fromTVET COllEgE? satisfy the immediate need for skills and further training. Artisan skills various provinces flood the gates of“It definitely is cool to be a 21st training are one of the ways that these colleges to experience all theCentury Artisan” – These words were can improve the socio-economic different courses the TVET Collegesspoken by the Deputy Minister environment of the community that have to offer.Mduduzi Manana of the Department the potential students are a part of.of Higher Education and Training Students, who are not able to study(DHET) during the opening ceremony There are 50 Public TVET Colleges due to financial constraints, now haveof the WorldSkills SA National in South Africa and six in the the opportunity to apply for financialCompetition which was held in early Western Cape that assist with the assistance, if they meet the criteria2017 in Durban. The Technical development of skills. The DHET’s as set out by DHET and the bursaryVocational Education and Training announcement of the “Decade of funder. Those who wish to apply for(TVET) Colleges are seen as the the Artisan” has been an initiative a bursary must also adhere to alllive-blood of artisan skills training, not that gives prospective students the criteria to be successful. Onceonly in South Africa, but the world at the opportunity to discover what the application has been approved,large. These higher education the TVET sector is all about. students can enjoy peace of mindinstitutions are part and parcel of the and focus on their studies withoutcommunities in which they are having any fear of financial concerns.|24 SCIENCE CAREERS SA

The Public TVET Colleges offer cosmetology, the world truly is their The studentsqualifications such as National oyster. who study at theDiplomas, National Certificatesas well as National Certificate The students who study at the TVET Colleges(Vocational) (NC (V)). To obtain an PublicTVET Colleges also have also have accessNC (V) qualification, a grade nine access to student support servicespass is required and after three that look after the health / wellness to studentyears this qualification will be of the students, as well as any support servicesequivalent to a grade 12 senior academic support they might need. that look aftercertificate / N3. NC (V) courses are Should the student experience anyvocationally driven in a specialised personal challenges they can make the health /field and can give the student use of a student support officer ’s wellness of theaccess to study other National service.Certificate courses. students.Some of the Colleges in the “Education is the core business at Apply now at any of the 50 Nationalcountry, have accredited trade PublicTVET Colleges and with TVET Colleges todaytest centres that will allow any that comes other responsibilities or visit the TVET College website onstudent who wishes to become to help support the students to www.fetcolleges.co.zaa qualified artisan to attempt become the best at what they settheir trade test. Once they out to become,completed their trade testsuccessfully, they will then be So what more do you need?awarded a red seal as an Students have a variety of courses toindication of their training and choose from, many qualifications thatexpertise in the artisan trade. will suit their level of education, as well as the opportunity to be placedWith so many Colleges and courses in the industry. Also they have anto choose from prospective students opportunity to adjust to College lifecan realise their dreams. Amongst with the support of people that areother courses in the fields of design, centred around their academic andeducation, information technology,business, hospitality, tourism, safety, personal well-being. ■health, engineering, hair care and SCIENCE CAREERS SA | 25

With Khululwe Twala@ TVET COLLEGES Why did you choose to study Quality at a Public TVET College? education and training Firstly, the trade of my choice was is offered at Public offered at the Public TVET College and TVET Colleges, further to that it wasn’t a difficult choice which the to go to a Public TVET College because youth of they have been known to produce South Africa excellent artisans throughout the country strongly need. for many years. Now I am employed at Elinem Construction which is in \"Most TVET College Newcastle. have a dedicated (WIL) Work IntegratedKhululwe Twala Learning Unit, which places their top 26| SCIENCE CAREERS SA achieving students into Internships and Apprenticeships at host companies. \"

What course/courses What are some of the NC(V) Are there any relationshipsdid you choose to study? Programmes offered at between Public TVET Colleges and Public TVET Colleges? Universities or Universities ofEngineering and Related Technology in South Africa? • Civil Engineering and BuildingDesign (Boilermaking) course Construction (Plumbing, Yes, I have seen some students beenin the National Certificate Bricklaying and Carpentry);(Vocational) Programme. accepted at Higher Institutions, if they have • Electrical Infrastructure excelled in their studies at a Public TVETWhat exactly is the National Construction; College.Certificate (Vocational)? • Engineering and Related Design Upon completion of your course /The NC (V) Qualification is a (Boilermaking, Welder, Fitting studies, where can your further and Turning, Motor Mechanics); studies lead?programme designed to provideboth theory and practice, thus • Primary Agriculture; I see myself next moving in the directiongranting students an opportunityto gain work experience during • Safety in Society; of studying at a University. I would like tothe period of study. Practical take up the Metallurgy Engineeringexperience may be gained in • Finance, Economics and programme because I have a strongeither a simulated or real Accounting; background, knowledge and first-handworkshop environment. experience within steel fabrication. • Tourism;Describe an average day Is the job market easily accessibleat a Public TVET College? • Hospitality; with a qualification achieved at a Public TVET College?An average day would entail • Information Technology.attending classes for the 7 different Yes it is very accessible. There are manysubjects offered in the NC (V) For list of all courses offeredProgramme. On an average day, we at Public TVET Colleges, opportunities. Our country requires morewould spend most of our time in the please visit: artisans, especially with the current shortageworkshop doing practicals. We get to of skilled people within South Africa.work on state-of-the-art machinery http://www.fetcolleges.co.za/and equipment in our field of study. Site_C ollegeCourses.aspx What advice would you give to grade 11 and 12 learners,What do you enjoy most? How many subjects are considering further education at required in each level of the a Public TVET College?As challenging as it is, what I enjoy National Certificate (Vocational) qualification? Quality education and training is offeredmost is fusing metals together usingtools that produce high temperatures. 7subjects. at Public TVET Colleges, which we the youthBoilermaking can be a lot of fun. of South Africa strongly need. The practical (3 Fundamental Subjects and training and exposure within the workshops isDo students have the opportunity 4 Vocational Subjects). something that cannot compare. I firmlyto experience work situations believe that you will not acquire as muchduring the period of study? Are study bursaries at practical training at University, as you would at Public TVET Colleges easily a Public TVET College.The school learnersYes, they do because we are attainable and do they have would be making a good choice because they to be repaid? will gain first-hand experience and do theaccommodated with workshops that have same work, as is done wthin industry. My finalall the necessary tools. All the workshops NSFAS Bursaries Schemes are advice is: “Never fail to reach your dreams”.are workplace simulated environmentsThis means that the equipment and available at Public TVET Colleges SCIENCE CAREERS SA | 27machines we have in our workshops, and most students take this routeare similar to those found in within the and apply for these bursaries.industry. Yes, they do because we are According to my experience youaccommodated with workshops that have don’t have to pay back the fundsall the necessary tools. All the workshops after completing your studies.are workplace simulated environmentsThis means that the equipment andmachines we have in our workshops,are similar to those found in within theindustry.

CAREER JUNCTION

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with Shaun HartINFORMATION & COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGYWHY DID YOU CHOOSE WHAT YOU LEAST WHAT CHALLENGES HAVETHIS CAREER? ENJOY? YOU HAD TO OVERCOME?For as long as I can remember, I love my job its really cool! One of the biggest challengesI have always had an interest in So it’s difficult to even come an IT manager faces is totechnology and so my career up with a list of things I accept all kinds of complaintspath in Information technology don’t really enjoy. But, if I about systems, staff, networkswas thelogical path to follow. had to name one it would etc. and get them sorted out be having to investigate without taking any of theWHAT FORMAL QUALIFICATION connectivity issues on the complaints personally orDID YOU HAVE TO ATTAIN? service provider’s side. to heart. When this part of theI completed a computer technician system fails, I am EXPERIENCE VS TRAINING?certificate and Boston City Campus hounded by the staff!and have since completed a number Both experience and training areof short learning programs from a 3 IMPORTANT QUALITIES equally important. You requirenumber of resources (online, THAT YOUR POSITION the training of a particular systemseminars, etc.). Be warned – A REQUIRES? to understand how it works, butcareer in IT means lifelong learning. experience with it to know how itYou always need to update and Important qualities needs to work for the company.upgrade your skills in order to to have as an The same goes for the technicalremain relevant. I am currently IT Manager skills. The Boston Diploma instudying towards the Boston would be Network Systems and the Bostondiploma in Systems Development. people skills, Diploma in Systems Development multi-tasking cover managerial as well as ITWHAT DOES YOUR JOB abilities and skills so they provide an excellentENTAIL? leadership skills. entrance to ICT positions.I oversee the entire network of These are oftenBoston (that has over 45 support learned on thecentres nationwide) as well as all job, which isinformation technology systems why it isto ensure our business and important toacademic systems run smoothly start at awithout error. I work closely with technical levela number of service providers day using yourto day, investigating new systems skills and learnand improving on current systems. managerialI oversee the IT staff members’ skills on the job.tasks to ensure resources and I would alsotime are used optimally. recommend leadership and managerial coursesWHAT DO YOU ENJOY MOST? such as the Boston BCom, Diploma inThe tasks I enjoy most about Business Managementmy career is investigating and or the Higher Certificateconfiguring new systems. There in Business Management.is nothing better than sourcingand implementing a new systemthat helps make everyone’s livesin the company a little easier.32 | SCIENCE CAREERS SA

Proudly Sponsored by DrSPhaauulnFHraanrktlyn National ICT Manager: Boston City Campus & Business CollegeIN 1 SENTENCE, DESCRIBE TYPE OF PERSONALITYYOUR JOB? THAT WOULD ENJOY THIS KIND OF CAREER?Working under pressure toensure all networks and systems The best personality traits to haverun optimally without fail. for this position would be a positive attitude, prioritisation abilities,TYPE OF PERSONALITY accountability, honesty and patience.THAT WOULD ENJOYTHIS KIND OF CAREER? DOES THE INDUSTRY (AND YOUR TYPE OF POSITION)If you are considering a career THAT YOU ARE IN, FACEas an IT Manager, then you GENDER BIAS?will need to learn how totake responsibility for I would like to think not, but thesomeone else’s actions. In the ratio of men to woman in the ITend, you will be the one industry is much higher. I wouldeveryone looks at when like to think that a companysomething goes wrong with employs the best candidate forinfrastructure or systems, the position and not base theeven if it is not your fault or a decisions on gender.fault of the I.T. department youwill ultimately need to accept IS CONTINUING EDUCATIONresponsibility and sort out the AND FURTHER STUDIESissue. And the best advice? IMPORTANT IN YOUR TYPEGet started with your studies! OF CAREER? It is always important to study further to improve your skills in IT and to learn new systems ■ SCIENCE CAREERS SA | 33

THIS IS THE MOST IMPORTANT DECISION YOU WILLEVER MAKE IN YOUR LIFE.Choosing a university is a huge decision, in what makes or breaks your future. Choose a university that boasts a world-class reputation as a member of the International Association of Universities and the Commonwealth Universities. ADUT qualification is internationally recognised, putting you immediately ahead of the pack in the working world.YOUR FIRST YEAR COULD BE 100% FREE.If you’re a top National Senior Certificate matriculant who has obtained an aggregate of 80% or higher. Or if you arethe number one matriculant in your school, you could qualify for a 100% remission of tuition fees for the first year ofstudy. Furthermore, we offer a 50% remission of tuition fees for B aggregate students for the first year of their study.The NSFAS financial aid package is also available to students who qualify for funding assistance.Contact 0860 067 327 for more information on how to obtain a NSFAS loan.DUT GRADUATES ARE IMMEDIATELY EMPLOYABLE.Graduates are readily employable in a competitive working environment thanks to both a theoretical and experientialcomponents in our qualifications, unique to DUT.We attract top students with the ability to be forward thinkers, progressively challenging accepted trends and carvinginternational niches for themselves in the technological world of today.The Faculties of Sciences offer a wide range of programmes, with qualifications ranging from the healthcare sector toPure and Applied Sciences.Our qualifications range from the under graduate three year National Diploma to post graduate, Bachelor’s, Masters’and Doctoral Degrees in Technology.

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with Obed Novhe \"I am the savior of the environment from mining related impacts\"EnvironmentalGeoscientist |38 SCIENCE CAREERS SA

Obed Novhe Environmental GeoscientistWhy DID yOu ChOOSE ThIS WhAT IS ThE lEASTCAREER? ENjOyABlE pART Of yOuR jOB?I am very interested in how theEarth works. I love figuring out The exploring and pilotingthe intricacies of an (field-trials) of treatment solutionsever-changing planet and how it for contaminated mine water sites.affects life and how life affects it. CAREER hIghlIghTS?WhAT TRAININg DID yOuuNDERgO, AND WhERE? Involved in a national mine water management project aimed at• Honours (Mining and Environmental identification and assessment of Geology) – University of Venda. mine water pollution, as well as development of sustainable mine• Msc (Environmental Geology) – water management solutions. University of Venda. 3 IMpORTANT quAlITIES• Post Graduate Diploma (Mining and ThAT yOuR pOSITION the Environment) – Ecole des Mine REquIRES: D’Ales (Ales School of Mine) (France). Patience, creativity and a love for outdoor environment orWhAT DOES yOuR jOB nature.ENTAIl? IN 1 SENTENCE,Geochemical assessment of DESCRIBE yOuR jOB?environmental impacts associatedwith mining activities (both active I am the savior of the environmentand abandoned mines), such as from mining related impacts.contamination of water resources asa result of acid mine drainage. The ADVICE fOR gRADE 11job entails lots of fieldwork, involving AND 12 lEARNERSmine pollution site visits, on-site CONSIDERINg ThISanalyses of mine water or receiving CAREER?streams and sample collection forboth water and solid samples (such They must have passion andas rocks, soil, mine residues). excel in physical science (especially chemistry).The samples collected are analysedfor geochemical and mineralogical TypE Of pERSON ThAT WhAT ARE yOuR CAREER gOAlS?composition (for solid samples), as WOulD ENjOy ThISwell as their potential to generate kIND Of CAREER? Contribute towards sustainable mine wateracid mine drainage or leach pollutants. management solutions in a South AfricanThe data obtained from both fieldwork An outdoor enthusiast. context by developing optimised passiveand laboratory are interpreted with treatment systems to remediatethe aid of computer programs, such pOTENTIAl fOR gROWTh - contaminated mine water and also toas geochemical modelling codes, GIS, WhERE CAN yOuR CuRRENT complete my PhD.excel, multivariate statistical analysis pOSITION lEAD?tools, to understand distribution, DOES ThE INDuSTRy (ANDtransport and fate of pollutants in the Specialist Environmental Geoscientist. yOuR TypE Of pOSITION) ThATenvironment. My job also entails yOu ARE IN, fACE gENDERrecommendation and implementation WhAT ChAllENgES hAVE BIAS?of measures to mitigate or manage yOu hAD TO OVERCOME?mine water pollution, such as passivetreatment of contaminated mine water. Vandalism of pilot (field) Yes experimental sites. IS CONTINuINg EDuCATION AND WhAT quAlIfICATIONS DO fuRThER STuDIES IMpORTANT IN I NEED? yOuR TypE Of CAREER? At least Honour in Geology Yes, it is very much important in or Geochemistry. the research environment.. ■ |SCIENCE CAREERS SA 39

with Major Rian VenterWHY DID YOU CHOOSE THIS members and thereafter One of those reminders happen duringCAREER? a morning meeting will takeoff, when you are kicked in the backI was fortunate enough to have been take place where the by a lit afterburner, accelerating youexposed to fighter aviation from a very day's flying programme, furiously down the runway.young age. My father was a fighter pilot for weather conditions, 3 IMPORTANT QUALITIES THAT26 years, so I grew up in this environment. aircraft availability and YOUR POSITION REQUIRES?At around 5 years old, I decided that this is general administration The most important quality is Passion.what I wanted to do and proceeded to align issues are discussed. If you have a passion for aviation andmy lifestyle and education to ensure that I From there, copious fighter flying, the rest of the desiredwas equipped to take on such a challenge amounts of caffeine is qualities will follow naturally such as consumed before flying attitude and work ethic. This environmentWHAT FORMAL QUALIFICATION for the day commences. is very demanding and highly competitiveDID YOU HAVE TO ATTAIN? Typically the average and requires one to have high self - fighter pilot will fly confidence and a burning desire toWhat you are not told about becoming a anywhere be the best.fighter pilot, is the long road that lies ahead from oncebefore setting foot in a fighter cockpit. From to thrice daily Major Rian Venterarriving as a fresh civilian to strapping into with pre-flighta Gripen fighter jet cockpit takes briefings and EXPERIENCE VS TRAINING?approximately 8-10 years. All training takes post-flight As in most fields, experience willplace in-house, through the South African debriefs for trump training every time.Air Force (SAAF) and consists of a variety of each event Unfortunately 10 years’ experiencecourses designed to not only turn you into a (sortie) to takes 10 years. It cannot be givensoldier but to build you into a military ensure to someone in a shorter period, noaviator. The military training related to maximum matter how advanced the trainingsoldier ship and officer ship took place in training value or the candidate is. This is veryPretoria at the SAAF Gymnasium and the is gained from true in aviation and more specificallySAAF College. The flying related training the day's flying. fighter flying. Learning comes fromtook place at the Military Academy in The day usually making mistakes, which as a fighterSaldanha and Central Flying School in ends off in the pilot trainee happen fast and often.Langebaanweg, both located in the Western bar where mostCape. tactics are discussed or in the gym forWHAT DOES YOUR JOB ENTAIL? anaerobic training.As a fighter pilot, my job is simple... WHAT DO YOU ENJOYDefend the skies of South Africa MOST?against any airborne threats and tostrike fear in the hearts of enemy The dynamics of operatingtroops on the ground in support of a fighter aircraft are such thatour own Forces. there are many moments which remind you of whyDESCRIBE AN AVERAGE DAY? you chose this career.The average day at a fightersquadron begins with roll call for all|40 SCIENCE CAREERS SA

\"INDESCRIBABLY MIND - BLOWINGLY AWESOME!\"IN 1 SENTENCE, DESCRIBE Major Rian VenterYOUR JOB? WHAT CHALLENGES HAVE DOES THE INDUSTRY (& YOURIndescribably mind-blowingly YOU HAD TO OVERCOME? TYPE OF POSITION) THAT YOUawesome! ARE IN, FACE GENDER BIAS? In this career specifically,WHAT ARE THE LEAST everything is a challenge. Fighter Statistically speaking, yes. A lack ofENJOYABLE ASPECTS OF pilots are not born, they are built exposure and stigmas have largelyYOUR POSITION? and this building process is slow, kept women out of fighter cockpits. brutal and potentially deadly. For Times have changed however andUnlike Airline pilots, our job is not me, the biggest challenge was as gone are the days of the militarypurely just to fly. As soldiers and a student. The pressure to being \"a man's world. “Today theremilitary officers, we have many perform is extremely high and all are many female fighter pilotsover and above tasks which must that stands between you and around the world and the SMF evenbe done to allow a military unit to ticket out of the fighter line is has its own female Gripen pilot.function on a daily basis. So in two consecutive sub-par sorties. These ladies are in no way inferiorshort, paperwork is plentiful and I never failed a sortie but had to to their male counterparts and havethe least enjoyable aspect. overcome my own stress, doubt had to overcome monumental and fear of failure, which is why pressure to prove themselvesADVICE FOR GRADE 11 AND self-confidence is so important in worthy. I would definitely12 LEARNERS CONSIDERING fighter flying. encourage more ladies to followTHIS CAREER? this career path. WHAT QUALIFICATIONSTo put things in perspective, more DO I NEED? IS CONTINUING EDUCATIONthan ten thousand people apply for AND FURTHER STUDIESAir Force selection every year. Only Although a tertiary qualification is IMPORTANT IN YOUR TYPEaround a thousand are invited for the desired, the only qualification OF CAREER?battery of tests and interviews. From required to enroll as a pupil pilotthere only thirty or so are selected for or navigator in the SAAF is a matric Definitely! This is a continuouspilot /navigator training in the SAAF. pass on higher grade with a C learning game. The technologicalOf those thirty, only around eighteen aggregate in Mathematics, Physical environment is constantly changingwill receive their wings. Of those Science and English. However, and weapon systems are evereighteen newly qualified SAAF pilots, achieving a higher average will give improving. As a fighter pilot oneonly around five will get the opportunity you a better chance to be selected has to stay ahead of the game andto undergo fighter pilot training. Of during the selection process. develop new tactics to counterthose five, only one or two will newer threats ■eventually strap into a Gripen fighterjet. Therefore, I cannot emphasizehard work enough. Achieve the bestpossible grades at school or universityand strive to stay healthy and fit.Lastly NEVER GIVE UP.TYPE OF PERSONALITYTHATWOULD ENJOY THISKIND OF CAREER?Anyone with a competitive spirit,who enjoys teamwork will findflying fighters extremely rewarding. |SCIENCE CAREERS SA 41

with Nina Parry WHY DID YOU WHAT TRAINING DID YOU DESCRIBE AN AVERAGE DAY? CHOOSE THIS CAREER? UNDERGO, AND WHERE? An average day starts off with colony maintenance, Insects have always been I completed my three year checking that my flies have everything they need, a source of great fascination Bachelor of Science degree in that they are laying eggs and have enough water. to me, along with biology and Entomology at the University After that I collect the eggs and any hatchlings and science and realising that I of Pretoria. After that, I went put them onto a formulated diet. I then check on thecould make a career out of learning more on to complete my honours older larvae that have been feeding for a few days and master's in Entomology, to a few weeks to see how they are doing I makeabout and working with insects on a daily with a focus on flies and sure my team is doing everything they need to be nutrient recycling, also at Tuks. doing, including waste collection, waste processingbasis sounded very exciting. I had no idea and so on. After that it is all about data collection, data capture and data interpretation.when I decided to study entomology justhow exciting and interesting it would be. tre|42 SCIENCE CAREERS SA

WHAT DO YOU ENjOY MOST? IN 1 SENTENCE, DESCRIBE YOUR JOB? I enjoy being the lead researcher in I research and make use of flies, my team as well as learning new and fly larvae to reduce and recycle organic waste that would, things about my insects on a daily otherwise be problematic to the environment, and I produce. basis. Working directly with the value-added products from the fly larvae (like protein feed for pigsd insects and seeing them thrive and and chickens and compost for farmers) to create a completelye exceed my expectations is also circular economy. thrilling. EXPERIENCE VS TRAINING:e 3 IMPORTANT QUALITIES THAT Training needs to come first ande YOUR POSITION REQUIRES? foremost, but experience makesg the big difference., Diligence, patience and never ADVICE FOR GRADE 11 AND 12 LEARNERS ending curiosity. CONSIDERING THIS CAREER? to give you the training and experience Go in with an open mind and a to use the knowledge you learn in your passion for science. After that, undergraduate studies. remember that biology, science, mathematics and English gives IS CONTINUING EDUCATION AND you the best foundations for FURTHER STUDIES IMPORTANT IN knowledge, understanding the YOUR TYPE OF CAREER? world around you, problem solving and communication and Yes, it is of the utmost importance. you cannot go wrong with doing your best in those subjects. DOES THE INDUSTRY (AND YOUR TYPE OF POSITION) THAT YOU ARE IN, FACE WHAT CHALLENGES HAVE GENDER BIAS? YOU HAD TO OVERCOME? There are more women in science now than Every step forward for any career ever before and we are making great strides in science has its own unique in our work. That being said, I have not challenges. One of the greatest experienced or seen any of my peers challenges has been finding a job experience any kind of gender bias. We are after I graduated that specifically all passionate about science and that is all suited my interests and gave me room to pursue them. Not that counts to us. ■ everyone is quite so lucky. WHAT QUALIFICATIONS DO I NEED? An undergraduate degree in science is a must; with at least an honours, but preferably a master’s degree in Entomology, |SCIENCE CAREERS SA 43

with Gina SwartQA& Why did you choose this career? What are the least enjoyable aspects? At certain times of the year, there are a lotThe career chose me actually. I wanted to get into of varied activities going on concurrently, andMedical School, but looked at other options after my it can be tricky to juggle everything and not dropapplication was not successful. I initially enrolled for a any balls!BSc (Agric) in Microbiology, thinking I could get into the 3 important qualities thatmedical field as a medical microbiologist. I quickly your position requires?realised that this was not what I wanted to do, and Tenacity, resilience and lots of energy!doing vacation work with the Plant Pathology groupopened a window to a fascinating world that I never In 1 sentence, describe your job?knew existed but wanted to be a part of! Playing an active role in providing sustainableWhat training did you undergo, disease control solutions to growers therebyand Where? helping to ensure people have access to safe, high quality food.I have a PhD (Agric) majoring in Plant Pathology.I did all my formal training in the Department of Experience vs. Training?Microbiology and Plant Pathology at the Universityof Pretoria. Both. Training is very important to ensure you have the technical knowledge needed to do thisWhat does your job entail? job well. That is just the first layer, time on the job and in the field cement this knowledge andI am responsible for leading Global Disease Control then add lots of additional components that areProduct Biology team in close partnership with not possible to learn in a classroom or lab.several functions to efficiently deliver chemical andbiological solutions that fit the company’s portfolio Advice for grade 11 and 12requirements to ensure innovative and sustainable learners considering this career?offers to growers. I also provide strategic direction tomanage efficient and timely development of new Focus on your studies and try to do the best youactive ingredients from research through can. Science (Physics and Chemistry are important as well as Biology of course) are key. Every little bitDescribe an average day? that you do in school, will help make the transition to university easier. A culture of hard work andI have two types of average days – one in the office, commitment will pay off later.where I would attend meetings that would cover anytopic related to our research and development What are the most enjoyableactivities and projects. I also have face to face aspects of your position?meetings with my team to catch up with what theyare doing, and support with any issues they may One day, I could be having a discussion on thehave. If I am travelling, then my typical day would molecular mechanism of resistance of a particularinvolve spending a fair amount of time on an pathogen to a type of chemistry,then to havingaeroplane, train or bus and then visiting field trials discussions to understand activity relationships of newand having in depth discussions about what we have chemical classes in the research labs, and finallyobserved in the plots. I would also meet with local meeting with growers and showing them field trials atcolleagues, and visit growers and customers. our research facility.What do you enjoy most?I enjoy the technical challenges that the constantlyevolving market presents. I also enjoy the diversityof the various activities with which I am involved.|44 SCIENCE CAREERS SA

Type of personality that would enjoy Mandlakazi Ntoyithis kind of career? Gina SwartSomebody who is focused, detail oriented but able to Head: Global Product Biology Fungicidesstep back and see the bigger picture, flexible, resilientand should like working with people.What challenges have you had to overcome ?The biggest challenges I have had to overcome was toget growers to accept that I was not the secretary,but somebody who understood their business and couldhave a technical conversation with them and adapting toworking in the global headquarters of a company.What qualifications do I need?To be a Global Technical Manager, you need at least aMaster’s degree in Plant Pathology/Agronomy, althougha PhD is preferable. To lead such a team and researchand development activities, a PhD is a must.Does the industry (and your type ofposition) that you are in, face gender bias?While there have been significant improvements in theindustry in general, with some women now in keypositions, women are still underrepresented, and thisbecomes more evident, the higher you move through theranks.Is continuing education and further studiesimportant in your type of career?Absolutely! Being at the cutting edge of researchand development means that things move very quicklyand it is important to keep abreast of developments. |SCIENCE CAREERS SA 45



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with Lesiba Collence Mphepya Broiler Breeder & Production ManagerWHY DID YOU CHOOSE THIS CAREER? WHAT DO YOU ENJOY MOST? Walking into a chicken house and allWhen I was growing up, I had a passion for the birds flocking or moving towardsfarming. I was a herd man for my father’s me as a sign of happiness. Every daycattle and I also used my father’s tractor is different and can’t wait for newto plough and transport wood. When I challenges. Doing post mortems of theattended high school, my sister got married birds is the most exciting part as I learnto a Veterinarian and then my passion for different causes of birds mortality.farming became more intense as I drovearound with him vaccinating Community WHAT DO YOU ENJOY MOST?cattle. I manage a team of 20 Supervisors together with the wellbeing of theWHAT FORMAL QUALIFICATION DID chickens.YOU HAVE TO ATTAIN, AND WHERE? EXPERIENCE VS TRAINING? Unfortunately, no one is born withI applied at TUT (Pta) for Animal Science as my experience and you need theoreticalfirst choice and Nature Conservation was my knowledge to be well trained. Trainingoptional course in case I do not get admitted on and qualifications are prerequisites tomy first choice. To complete my National be successful.Diploma, I had to undergo a two years theory aswell as experiential training for my last year (3rd ADVICE FOR GRADE 11 AND 12year). After completing my National Diploma, I LEARNERS CONSIDERING THIS CAREER?then continued with my B.Tech in AnimalScience at TUT as well. It is not only the qualification that will take you up the ladder, hard work matters.WHAT DOES YOUR JOB ENTAIL? TYPE OF PERSONALITY THAT WOULDI had a passion for farming chickens and I did ENJOY THIS KIND OF CAREER?well in all my Poultry modules. I then followedthe Poultry stream after completing my Degree. Open minded person willing to researchI manage a Poultry farm which consists of 45 more on the latest technology in farming.poultry houses with the carrying capacity of10 000 birds/chickens per house.|48 SCIENCE CAREERS SA

3 IMPORTANT QUALITIES THAT Mark CohenYOUR POSITION REQUIRES?Good managerial Skills. Lesiba Collence MphepyaGood background of Human resources.Technical farming background.WHAT QUALIFICATIONS DO I NEED?At least a degree in Animal Science withgood farming background and passion forfarming.DOES THE INDUSTRY (AND YOUR TYPEOF POSITION) THAT YOU ARE IN, FACEGENDER BIAS?60% yes (Men), most daily duties are toophysical and women do not last….due tothe bending and carrying of heavy feed bags.IS CONTINUING EDUCATION AND FURTHERSTUDIES IMPORTANT IN YOUR TYPE OFCAREER?Very much, I am currently completing myMasters in Animal Science and I still havethe eager for Doctorate. The I will considerstudying MBA or MBL.Describe an average day?Very busy, running the business asusual. Managing different teams atthe workplace and checkingproduction figures at the end of theday. Doing my utmost best to solveevery employee’s problem orchallenge. |SCIENCE CAREERS SA 49

with Thandiwe LithekoWHY DID YOU CHOOSE THIS CAREER? WHAT DOES YOUR JOB ENTAIL?I chose this career because of the passion I’m current employed as a Quality Assuranceand love I have for food. I’ve always been Manager at a company that manufacturesintrigued by how things are produced & flavors and colorants. My job entails day towhere they originate from and not just day running of the food safety system,from the manufacturing point of view but approving manufactured products throughmore so, on a scientific level. organoleptic testing, auditing suppliers to ensure quality standards are maintained,WHAT TRAINING DID YOU UNDERGO, liaising with customers and problem solvingAND WHERE? when products are rejected.I obtained my Food Technology diploma from WHAT DO YOU ENJOY MOST?Tshwane University of Technology, I havealso furthered my studies with the University I’m constantly faced with challengesof South Africa through which I obtained a which leaves no room for boredom andcertificate in Total Quality Management and being at the forefront of creating newother accredited institutions to increase my & exciting products.knowledge.|50 SCIENCE CAREERS SA

DESCRIBE AN AVERAGE DAY? WHAT QUALIFICATIONS DO I NEED?My average day would include day Minimum requirements are Food Technologyto day running of the food safety diploma and experiencemanagement system and tacklingnon-conformances as they arise to TYPE OF PERSONALITY THAT WOULDensure quality standards are ENJOY THIS KIND OF CAREER?maintained throughout the company. Any type of personality would enjoy this career, there is a lot of different opportunities in our industry3 IMPORTANT QUALITIES THAT whether you are an introvert or an extrovert. You canYOUR POSITION REQUIRES? work in manufacturing/production, quality lab, product development, regulatory, be a sales representative orThe ability to articulate yourself well, be an auditor (which involves a lot of travelling).delegate and communicate effectivelywith personnel which requires technical WHAT CHALLENGES HAVE YOU HAD TO OVERCOME?competency and problem-solving skills. Being a woman of seniority as well as supervisingIN 1 SENTENCE, DESCRIBE YOUR JOB? men who are my subordinates and people mindImplementation and management of the food set change.safety system and product quality assurance. DOES THE INDUSTRY (AND YOUR TYPEEXPERIENCE VS TRAINING? OF POSITION) THAT YOU ARE IN,Both, our industry requires you to have FACE GENDER BIAS?knowledge and also experience. In my opinion no, if you are hardworkingADVICE FOR GRADE 11 AND 12 dedicated individual the sky is the limit.LEARNERS CONSIDERING THIS CAREER? IS CONTINUING EDUCATION AND FURTHERThe food industry is the second biggest STUDIES IMPORTANT IN YOUR TYPE OFemployer in SA and also the largest on CAREER?the planet. People are always eating,which means they can work anywhere In order to be successful at what you do, onehave a job. needs to continuously learn new things . Standards and regulation are always improving and new food products are constantly being developed. One needs to enrich their knowledge whether its via training, reading or furthering their studies. SCIENCE CAREERS SA | 51