Berita Shell 1989

Ahli arkeologi Jepun, diketuai oleh kurator Muzium Negara Malah, penemuan tapak-tapak peninggalan masyarakat Sejarah Jepun, Encik Higero Okada, telah menunjukkan pra-lslam di Pulau Kalumpang juga telah turut memberikan minatnya yang mendalam sehinggakan beliau telah iatu dimensi baru kepada pertumbuhan tempat tersebut - mencadangkan satu projek usaha sama di antara Malaysia pariwisata atau pelancongan - untuk kawasan perse- dengan Jepun. Seorang pakar Amerika, Encik Peter Francis Jr, Presiden kitarannya. Terdapat juga banyak pemintaan daripada berbagai-bagai Persatuan Penyelidikan Manik di New York, teiah menvatakan agensi swasta dan kumpulan tertentu yang ingin mengetahui minatnya terhadap tapak arkeologi di mana terdapatnya bahan dengan lebih lanjut tentang tapak kuno itu, kawasan larangan kaca dan manik kuarza. menangkap burung, dan Muzium Matang, yang banyak Manik-manik yang ditemui di tapak tersebut mungkin telah menghasilkan penemuan arkeologi dihasilkan semenjak 2,000 tahun dahulu. Beliau berharap untuk frpak Kuala Selingsing agak unik memandangkan tapak itu mendapatkan bantuan kewangan dari Institut Smithsonian untuk menjalankan kajiannya tentang sejarah manik proto yang terletik dalam satu kawasan yang dihutani oleh beribu-ribu ditemui di Malaysia. Salah satu minat kajian beliau ialah hektar hutan paya bakau. tentang sama ada Pulau Kalumpang menjadi pusat pembuat Pulau Bulih -di Kuaia Kalumpang, juga turut mengambil kaca ataupun hanya tempat pekerjaan kaca. Jika pulau itu sempena tempatnya yang banyak dipenuhi dengan hutan merupakan tempat kilang kaca, maka sudah pastilah ia buluh. merupakan pelabuhan yang maju pada waktu dahulu. Salah satu lokasi yang agak menarik ialah di perkampungan \"Pusat pekerjaan kaca merupakan hanya tempat nelayan yang terkenal di Kuala Sepetang (dahulu Port Weld). Di sini, menangkap ikan masih tetap merupakan punca utama persinggahan barangan kaca dan kemudiannya kaca-kaca tersebut dicairkan semula untuk membuat manik, sedangkan pendapatan pendudukan di situ. pusat pembuat kaca melibatkan pengeluaran kaca dirripada pasir dan banyak bahan bakar drperlukan untuk tujuan Satu keunikan yang tidak pernah dapat dilihat di mana- tersebut,\" kata beliau. mana sahaja di Malaysia ini - kawasan larangan menangkap Minat Dr. Nik Hassan secara mendalam tentang Pulau burung di Kuala Selingsing. Mengikut cerita rakyat Matang, Kalumpang ini bermula apabila beliau membaca sebuah kawasin larangan menangkap brlrung itu pernah menjadi tempat tinggalberbagai-bagai spesies burung pada hampir 20 laporan Malavan Branch of Roval Asiatic Society tatkala beliau tahun dahulu, Kinikawasan tersebut menjadi tempat larangan di bawah kawalan jabatan hidupan liar yang beribu peiabat di masih mahasiswa lagi. Kuala Gula. Laporan yang ditulis oleh seorang Inggeris bernama Encik I.H.N. Evans pada tahun 1932 banyak membincangkan tentang Terpulang pada keadaannya, sama ada tempat-tempat tersebut menjadi daya penarik para pelancong ataupun tidak, penemuan di sekitar pulau tersebut. Artifak-artifak yang namun tanah Matang, Kuala Selingsing dan kawasan larangan menangkap burung itu tetap menjadi sebahagian daripada ditemui di pulau tersebut kini disimpan di Muzium Taiping. warisan Malaysia yang berharga. Walau apapun situasinya, Selepas tinjauan Encik Evans, terdapat juga beberapa orang tanah-tanah tersebut perlu dijaga dan diwarisi supaya kelak ahli yang menjalankan penyelidikan di pulau tersebuU dan $kekal nilai sejarahnya dan nilai saintifiknya. rekod terakhir vang pernah dilakukan ialah pada hampir 20 Salah seorang ahli arkeologi dari Jepun merenung tulang- tahun dahulu. Kini pulau itu tinggal kesepian. tulang rangka manusia yang dipercayai telah meninggal Dr. Nik Hassan, dalam usahanya itu, menghadapi banyak Pada usia 23 tahun' rintangan apabila beliau mencuba untuk mengenal pasti tapak yang dituiui. Dengan berbekalkan laporan jurnal sebagai pan- 33 duan, Dr. Nik Hassan terpaksa mengupah nelayan-nelayan di situ untuk membantunya mengharungi hutan paya bakau itu. Dengan kecekalan dan ketabahan yang ada padanya, akhirnya kebuntuan terpecah jua apabila pada suatu hari beliau melihat sepohon kayu yang amat besar muncul daripada celah-celah hutan paya bakau yang terbentang luas itu. \"Saya begitu yakin bahawa di sini pernah pada suatu waktu merupakan sebuah pulau, jika terdapatnya banyak spesies lain yang turut menghutani paya bakau. Dan inilah kepastian saya yang tidak berbelah bahagi.\" kata Dr. Nik Hassan. Keesokan harinya, selepas merintasi beberapa batang tali air yang tidak pernah tercatat di dalam mana-mana lakaran peta di hutan bakau tersebut, beliau menemui pohon Nireh Bntu, perdu-perdu buluh, rotan, dan banyak lagi pokok daripada berbagai-bagai spesies yang tumbuh merata-rata di tanah Pulau Kalumpang, \"Keindahan tanah dan tumbuhannya begitu menawan saya dan impian yang selama ini pernah saya baca daripada tulisan Evan semenjak tahun 1932 kini terbukti sudah,\" tambah beliau. BERITA SHEIt, luly 1989

Acoro budoyo Shell Seorang pengkritik drama, Leow Puay Tin, penulis 'Three Children'- lakonan yang Kee Thuan Chye, meninjau acara budaya wakfu makan telah diuji persembahannya di dalam acara budaya makan tengah hari anjuran Shell, n*, Shell, sebelum dipersembahkan kepada sambil menilai sumbangannya :T:H terhadap kehidupan budaya masih berada di dalam bangunan, menunggu penuh harapan di Kuala Lumpur. semoga api kebakaran dapat dipadamkan dan pementasan A.uru budaya waktu makan tengah hari anjuran Shell dapat diteruskan semula. Harapan mereka termakbul kerana 20 minit kemudian, suatu pengumuman berkumandang melalui mendapat sambutan yang cukup baik ketika dilancarkan tiga sistem siaraya, memberitahu bahawa keadaan terkawal dan tahun yang lalu. Bagi para peminat kebudayaan, acara ini suatu pementasan akan disambung. Tidak kami menyangka lebih sumbangan yang menggalakkan daripada sebuah syarikat kurang tiga perempat daripada bilangan penonton asal masuk multinasional untuk bidang kesenian. semula ke dalam panggung. Ini menaikkan semangat kami, Di Shell Singapura, sambutan terhadap gagasan ini begitu hebat sekali. Seminggu sekali, acara budaya waktu makan bahkan kami bertambah ghairah untuk memberi persembahan tengah hari anjuran Shell diikuti dengan cukup ghairah oleh yang jauh lebih baik. begitu ramai peminat. Saya berkata demikian berdasarkan pengalaman sendiri sewaktu mempersembahkan pementasan Itulah yang menjadi idaman setiap seniman pentas: bukan di situ. saja mendapat ruang untuk membuat pementasan, ada Pada bulan |anuari 1986, Shell Sin gapvra telah mengundang penganjur yang bermurah hati mendukung pementasan suatu kumpulan teater Kuala Lumpur yang saya anggotai untuk mementaskan drama The Cord karya penulis lakon K.S. tersebut dan menghulurkan segenap bantuan, tetapi juga ada Maniam, iaitu dalam bentuk yang disingkatkan. Hari Jumaat penonton yang memang mahu menyaksikan pementasan itu. hari persembahan itu semua kerusi penuh, dan ini mendorong kami menampilkan sebaik-baik pementasan. Baru sekerat jalan, Tidak hairanlah jikalau Singapura kini beransur-ansur sistem penggera kebakaran berbunyi - lantas semua orang memupuk tradisi minat terhadap kesenian di kalangan terpaksa meninggalkan panggung. Tentu saja para pelakon masyarakatnya. Sejak lima atau enam tahun yang lalu, masyarakat di sana semakin terdedah kepada pendidikan berasa kecewa. Bertungkus-lumus kami berlatih untuk budaya sehingga berkeinginan besar untuk menyaksikan pementasan ini dan telah datang dari jauh pula. Sekarang pementasan bercorak kesenian. Persembahan lakon, tarian dan nampaknya pementasan terpaksa dibatalkan kerana penonton muzik menarik minat penonton yang begitu ramai dewasa ini, tiada lagi. Pesta Kesenian Singapura telah menjadi suatu peristiwa Tetapi sebenarnya penonton masih ada. Memang mereka yang sentiasa dinanti-nantikan, dan acara-acaranya awai-awal telah meninggalkan panggung tetapi sebahagian besarnya lagi mendapat sambutan besar, Kumpulan-kumpulan teater di 34 BERITA SHELL, July 1989

situ mendapat dukugan korporat berupa bantuan kewangan Pengarah pentas Chin San Sooi membicarakan soal yang bukan sedikit. pendisiplinan seorang pelakon dan selepas itu Pujian harus ditujukan kepada kerajaan Singapura kerana memberi dorongan pada permulaannya. Namun tanpa mempersembahkanThree Children, suatu lakonan karya Leow sokongan kewangan daripada syarikat-syarikat besat, niat yang Puay Tin. baik tidak mungkin membuahkan hasil yang baik. Peminat-peminat filem Dr. Anuar Nur Arai dan Mansor Shell Singapura telah membuat sumbangan yang cukup Puteh mengadakan dialog tentang pembikinan filem di Ma- bererti melalui teater waktu makan tengah hari dan menerusi bantuan kepada projek-projek seperti Pesta Drama yang Iaysia, yang telah menimbulkan banyak perdebatan. menjadi wadah kumpulan-kumpulan teater Singapura Semua contoh ini menunjukkan dengan jelas bahawa acara mementaskan karya-karya baru. persembahan budaya Shell Malaysia setakat ini begitu beraneka Dapatkah halyang sama berlaku di Kuala Lumpur? ragam, bercorak berbilang bangsa dan berbilang budaya, Acara budaya waktu makan tengah hari anjuran Shell itu mencerminkan luasnya corak bidang kegiatan kesenian merupakan suatu permulaan. Pada 21 April, 1986, pelancaran acara bermula dengan ceramah mengenai senifoto oleh Eric tanahair, Peris, dan sejak itu seniman-seniman lain telah mengisi acara- acara yang lain. Ini bukan saja terbatas kepada bentuk-bentuk moden Redza Piyadasa membincangkan perihal seni lukis moden Malaysia mencari-cari konteks dan identiti budaya, tetapi juga menjangkau bentuk tradisional, seperti Pelukis potret yang tidak asing lagi June Mendoza, yang bermastautin di London, bercakap tentang perkembangan diri persembahan Mak Yong yang tidak ternilai mutunya dan jarang si seniman, sewaktu dia mengunjungi Malaysia tahun ini. Penari terkenal Ramli Ibrahim memperkenalkan prinsip- dilihat oleh Kumpulan Sri Terengganu, satu daripada prinsip tarian klasik India dan memberikan demonstrasi beberapa badan yang masih meneruskan seni yang kian pupus, demonstrasi sitar oleh Jayasree Arumugam, diiringi permainan Bhar ata N aty am dan 0 disi. tabla oleh Mohd. Kasim dan persembahan Ghazal oleh Orkes Sri Maharani Ghazal. Baritone Eddy Chin mempersembahkan lieder gubahan Schubert dan Wolf, diiringi perrnainan piano oleh Herman Agar acaranya lebih menarik lagi dan serba sesuai, konsep kebudayaan menurut takrif Shell adalah luas sekali, Oleh itu Sausen. Shell telah memasukkan ceramah mengenai Feng Shui,iaitu seni Satu babak persembahan Mak Yong, seni tradisional yang geomansi Cina, dan ceramah mengenai teknik pembuatan pasu. mendapat sambutan gemuruh. Azah Aziz telah diundang memberikan pendapatnya mengenai pakaian tradisional Melayu. Bahkan suatu ceramah mengenai bahaya penyalahgunaan dadah telah disampaikan oleh seorang penguasa polis, lengkap dengan pameran bergerak mengenai masalah itu. Keanekaragaman ini telah dapat menarik para peminat, ramainya berbeza-beza antara 40 hingga 200 orang. Walaupun sebahagian besar adalah kakitangan Shell sendiri, namun orang ramai telah datang berduyun-duyun apabila acara berupa pementasan diadakan. Ini sesuai dengan hasrat Shellmemberi peluang kepada kakitangannya menyaksikan pementasan budaya yang mungkin tidak mereka saksikan di luar pejabat, di samping membolehkan mereka mengisi masa dengan cara yang berguna pada waktu makan tengah hari. Hasilnya dapat dilihat sedikit sebanyak apabila Kumpulan Drama Shell lahir pada lewat tahun 1986. Beberapa orang kakitangan, didorong oleh dayausaha syarikat, telah berpakat menubuhkan kumpulan itu, Di bawah asuhan Chin San Sooi, mereka mempelajari asas lontaran suara dan teknik lakonan, dan sebagai kemuncaknya mereka mementaskan Three Children dan Babak 2 Arms and the Man karya Shaw. Menurut Hanim Hassan, salah soerang ahli Kumpulan Drama Shell: \"Sungguh menyeronokkan. Banyak yang telah kami timba dan pelajari daripada kursus itu. Latihannya telah membina keyakinan kami, Sekarang tahulah kami bagaimana bersuara secara berkesan,\" Bagi Leow Puay Tin, penulis Three Childrer, usaha ini ternyata bermanfaat kerana lakon ciptaannya diuji pertama kali dalam acara makan tengah hari Shell sebelum dipertontonkan secara yang lebih meluas. Suatu cara yang berguna mengukur sejauh mana sambutan orang ramai. Bukan itu saja. Bagi beliau, acara itu menjadi 'tanda kesungguhan' mencerminkan perhatian berat Shell terhadap alam seni. Kata Puay Tin: \"Setahu saya, Shell ialah satu-satunya syarikat yang mengusahakannya secara berterusan, tanpa BERITA SHELL, July 1989 35

Kumpulan ghazal Sri Maharani dari Muar, Johor, ini telah memikat hati penunton. mengambil kesempatan dengan cara mengaitkan diri dengan Wartawan Tan Gim Ean berpendapat waktu mula 12.15 tengah hari kurang sesuai. Katanya: \"Orang luar tidak dapat sesuatu badan nasional. Suafu sikap yang sungguh murni.\" datang kerana waktu rehat untuk makan biasanya pukul 1 petang. Lagipun, pergi berkereta ke sana, meletakkan kereta Penari / koreografer Marion D'Cruz, yang dan mendapatkan pas pelawat mengambil masa. Waktu yang lebih sesuai ialah 1.15.\" mempersembahkan New Directions di Shell sebelum Pihak Shell memang sedar akan masalah waktu ini, namun mementaskannya untuk orang ramai, turut menyuarakan begitu pihaknya perlu juga memperhitungkan kepentingan kakitangannya yang waktu makan tengah hari diatur secara pendapat yang sama: \"Saya rapa hasrat Shell yang bukan saja berperingkat-peringkat antara 12 tengah hari dan i.30 petang. hendak menyumbangkan pementasan tetapi juga pendidikan Shell mempunyai pegangan bahawa pendidikan budaya harus amatlah baik kerana ini membolehkan para seniman bercakap bermula di tempat sendiri. Dengan demikian waktunya disusun mengenai kerja mereka, bukan setakat mementaskannya saja, untuk kemudahan kakitangan. Jika usaha ini berterusan, nescaya akan lahirnya penonton yang Iuas alam pemikirannya.\" Walau bagaimanapun, acara budaya waktu makan tengah hari anjuran Shell tetap merupakan suatu peristiwa yang Tetapi adakah acara Shell ini sudah cukup kerap? dipandang tinggi oleh masyarakat umum, Memandangkan Kuala Lumpur masih belum dapat menghampiri Singapura Eric Peris berpendapat: \"Elok sekiranya acara itu dalam usaha merangsang alam seni, maka acara waktu tengah berlangsung dua minggu sekali, kalau tidak dapat seminggu hari anjuran Shell haruslah terus diberi galakan dan sekali. Orang ramai nanti akan menentukan mereka hadir dan mendalamkan pengetahuan mereka tentang budaya tempatan. ditingkatkan secara beransur-ansur. Mungkin tidak keterlaluan mengharapkan semoga acara itu ,A,kan terdapat kesinambungan.\" lama-kelamaan dapat menjadi contoh untuk syarikat-syarikat Marion bersetuju: \"Jika acara ini berlangsung lebih kerap, besar lain ikut berusaha mendukung dan memajukan kesenian, orang ramai tahu acara itu pasti berjalan, oleh itu siang-siang Itu nanti menjadi peringkat seterusnya ke arah usaha membina kotaraya yang memiliki kesedaran budaya. merancang hendak pergi.\" Tidak syak lagi bahawa minat terhadap acara budaya waktu Thuan Chye, seorang wartawan yang terkenal di kalangan masyarakat seni pentas sebagai pengkritik drama dan penulis makan tengah hari agak besar juga. Menurut John Wang Gen- lakon. Di antara hasil karya beliau: 1984llere and Now: sie, Penasihat Hal-Ehwal Awam Syarikat-syarikat Shell di Eyeballs, Lepers and aVery Dead Spider; danThe Situation of Malaysia, ada orang yang terlepas apabila sebulan berlalu the Man Who Stabbed a Dummy or A Woman and Was tanpa ada apa-apa acara berlangsung. Ada yang menelefon Disarmed by the Members of the Club for a Reason Yet untuk mengetahui sebabnya. Tidak kurang pula pengikut setia yang tidak jemu-jemu muncul. $Obscure,if ThereWas }ne, Apa yang perlu dilakukan sekarang ialah merancang awal- BERITA SHELL, July 1989 awal supaya acara tersebut boleh berlangsung secara kerap tanpa gangguan. Kata Wang, suatu jawatankuasa telah dibentuk untuk menentukan satu sistem mendapatkan para peserta acara. Dengan cara begini dapatlah suatu jadual aturcara yang kemas dan lebih kerap disusun. 36



BERITASHELL CONTENTS Number 10 o 411989 ...BUTASKWHATCOMPUTERS CANDOFORYOU 2 Although Shell operations are almost completely computerised, the success ofthe various computer programmes is, however, determined byusers' input andcommitment.. SUCCESSSHORT-CUTS 11 Two skills are importantalong the road to success: the ability to overcome procrastination and handle criticisms. TAKINGGOODSTOCKOFPRESENTAND 14 FUTURE OIt RESERVES With technological advances and careful planning, the Petroleum Engineering function can prolong the life ofoil reserves. WORLDINBRIEF 21, A summary of Shell news around the world. SCALLoPSoFINSPIRATIoN 22 Fascinatedwith sea-shells, man has used them as currency and amulets. Sea-shells have inspired artists and even the design ofthe famous pecten of Shell oil companies. QUARTERTYHIGHLIGHTS 28 A selection of important Shellnews in Malaysia over the last three months. ... TETAPI TANYA APA KOMPUTER BOTEH BUAT 30 UNTUKANDA? Walaupun hampir semua operasi Shell menggunakan komputer, kejayaan berbagai-bagai program komputer adalah ditentukan oleh masukan dan tanggungjawab Peng8una-Pengguna. KEUNIKANKERANGLAUT 35 Tertarik dengan k enng-kerang )aut, manusia menggunakannya sebagai mata wang dan azimat. Kerang-kerang laut memberikan inspirasi kepada artis dan juga rekabentuk'pecten' syarikat-syarikat minyak Shell yang masyur itu. MENGAMBIT STOK SIMPANAN MIMAK MASA 38 SEKAMNG DAN HADAPAN Dengan adanya kemajuan-kemajuan teknologi dan perancangan berhati-hati, fu ngsi Kejuruteraan Petroleum boleh melanjutkan keupayaan pengeluaran simpanan-simpanan minyak dan menambah keuntungan. Cover: A picfure of inspiration, the JALAN.IALAN SINGKAT UNTUK 43 MENCAPAI KEJAYAAN Painted scallop (Cryptopecten paillium) Dua kemahiran adalah pentinguntuk minyak comes in varied patterns and colours. ke arah kejayaan: kecerdasan melawan sifat suka berlengah dan menangani kritikan. Editor: Phang Sow Yoong Editorial Office: Bangunan Shell, u O Lumpur. Telephone: 03-255e144 Telex MA30414/1I4A31813 Hlr,tlo,iJ,;g111lrr, Beita SheU is the corporate magazine of Shell Companies in Malaysia and is published quarterly. Opinions expressed in the articles do not necessariiyreflect tlose of any Shell coinpany. Editori ngryspapers or magazines are welcome to reproduce any 9f artihe but a piior written approval should be obtained from the editor, except for editors in other Shell Cohpanircs who need only to acknowledge the source. This magazine is printed by Ling Wah Press Sdn Bhd at 1 Lorong SS 13/3D, Subang Jaya Induskial Estate, 47500 Petaling Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.

MD.?OO I l l l I l l l ll I ll'l ll tl l'l I I I I I I I l l I llll,ll lll il lilJ I I I I I I I tlil ,'-..rffi1

Visions of you Scene One: Holding the hotel telephone with one hand, you steady your laptop computer with the other hand. When the call is through, you leave an electronic message for your secretary: \"Please fill in the figures and return the document to my electronic mail in-traybefore my meeting at9 am.\" Scene Two: You are drafting a very important agreement. You need the information fiom earlier documents filed in a branch off- ice, hundreds of miles away. You punch a few keys on your com- puter. Hey presto! Within seconds, the document you want ap- pears on your computer screen. Frontiers of technology These are no longer examples of wishful thinking. Thanks to computer innovations, yesterday's dreams are becoming today's realities and tomonow's opportunities. The accountant's abacus or calculator. The artist's pen-knife and cow gum. The secretary's typewriter and stencil machine. In Shell, -these are being rapidly replaced by more powerful tools com- -puters. Shell operations are extensive, both in Malaysia and throughout the world. Moreover, the oil industry relies on high technology. As such, there is an overwhelming need to acquire information and manage it well. In this Information Age, the competitive edge belongs tothe company with quick access to the right information which is vital in making the right decision. As a market leader in the oil business, Shell is always on a look out for computer innovations to enable it to run its business more profitably. Although computerisation has not always been smooth sailing, there is, nevertheless, no fuming back. Behind the'magic'- blood, sweat and tears With the spotlight on information technology, one can be easily deceived into believing that the 'mighty' computer makes life a breeze for its users. Vendors' advertisements promise quick solutions for business problems without $ving the other side of the story. The truth is: there's often a heavy price for the convenience that computers bring. Tlie success of the programme depends not only on the technical staff but also on the users. Changes are rarely welcomed with open arms. And computerisation often requires users to change their working styles ind attitudes. That demands efforts on the part of users who have to master new skills whenever programmes are up-Agraded. work, time and money go into developing a Prog- lot of hard ramme which has to be repeatedly tested until it works smoothly. Many things can go wrong and this can be a frustrating process. Lef!: Even thoughthe power of the computer is undisputed, it is still a tool in tJre hands of man who should use it intelligently.

This is why users' commitment is of paramount importance from the begrnning till the end of the project. Users muit define how computers can contribute to their business goals and must give their input during the planning, development and implemen- tation stages. Even after programme acceptance, users must be willing to undergo training and practise their skills until they can master the packages. Business effectiveness It is possible to check updeted accounts of customers via the Sales However, despite the odds against creating an efficient, prob- lem-free progammes, computerisation is an on-going process in Ledger. Shell because, if properly managed, its benefits far outweigh the costs incuned, Another reason that has catapulted computers to its present Computers are really a means to an end: to succeed in one's busi- popularity is the bluning division between computers and tele- ness. As such, computers must make a measurable contribution to communications. This means that computers can be connected to profitability, a yardstick often used to justify computer invest- telephone via modems, making it possible to transmit files or data ment. to any part of the world. Speed is aninvaluable asset of the computerwhich canalso store huge volumes of data, analyse them and simulate options. Changes can be made in a matter of seconds. Technological uptake Thanks to the never-ending quest for technological break- throughs, bulky obsclete computers have given way to desktop and laptop computers. Now, computers not only occupy less space and cost less, they are many times more powerful than be- fore. It is little wonder that personal computers or PCs have been gaining popularity in Shell since the late'70s. The advent of PCs Before the advent of PCs, data compilation was a tedious job which took months to finish. The data might be outdated even be- fore completion. But now, with the introduction of PCs, it is possi- ble to produce spread-sheets within a few hours and make changes within seconds. The same applies to other areas taken over by computers. The technological uptake has placed on the desks of Shell staff an increasing number of PCs which now stand at 1,100 company- wide. PCs are used for economic and financial evaluation, taxation and insurance modelling, corporate planning, word-processing, data management and for simulating options for the optimum running of the refinery. Also available in Shell are computer-aided design packages used for graphic lay-out, draughting and for producing in-houie publi- cations and presentation materials. The increase in hardware and software as well as user demands, have necessitated the establishment of an Information Cenhe to provide in-house services to computer users in Shell. \"The Information function first hies to understand the Workstations and mainframes company's business goals. To do this, we need to know in lCs qe usually operated 'stand-alone' or linked to larger com- whatways information technology can supportthe require- puters like mainframes and mini computers to emulate worksta- ments of upsheam users such as explorationists, peholeum tions or terminals. Altematively, PCs can also be connected to one engineers and operators. another via the Local Area Network. - Inlonnation Manager lmp Njndas, Sarawak Shell Berhad/Sabah Main{rame computers and workstations are powerful tools used for more demanding work. These systems create an integrated Shell Pelroleun Conpny Linitd. computer environment whereby users can gain access to a wide variety of programmes. BERITA SHEIL October 1989

Distinct difference There is a distinct difference in computer usage in Shell's Up- stream and Downstream companies due to the different nature bf work. Generally, Upstream computers cater more to technical and scientific work while downstream computers are used for marke! ing needs and worksite automation. However, both streams have found computers efficient in com- mon areas of work like accounting, office administration, economic evaluation and business communication. Demanding projects, made more complex by communication problems posed by geographical distance, make it necessary to build powerful computer networks comprising micro-computers, mainframes and telecommunication facilities. The following are examples of some major integrated systems used in Shell. Upsheam: the race against time In Upstream operations, geologists, explorers, drillers and pet- roleum engineers are heavily dependent on computers to store and retrieve technical data, As computers are ideal for simulation work, they are often used as a tool for making technical decisions. Ever since the signing of the Production Sharing Contract (PSC) whereby Shell became a contractor to PETRONAS, the company has faced an additional challenge: to find oilwithin limited time periods. Help for explorers \"Information planning must be business driven. It is the To aid the exploration staff work faster, Sarawak Shell Berhad role of the computing department to help users be more (SSB) has installed two SIDIS and three LANDMARK worksta- aware of what can and can't be done by computers. 0n the tions which help to intrepret 2-D and 3-D seismic data more effi- other hand, users must know what they want. They must ciently and accurately. ask themselves whether the cost of implementing the com- puting programme is worth the business refurn.\" State-of-the-art computer for peholeum engineers Two years ago, SSB introduced a programme called ICEPE (ln- - Alan Mawdsley, Int'ormation and Computing Services Manager of tegrated Computer Environment for Petroleum Engineers). Shell Companies in Malaysia. Among other things, ICEPE is a speedy tool for simulating wells New tool for drillers and calculating oil reserves. Drillers, too, are equipped with a new tool: the AZIMUTH cur- rently installed on a workstation for a pilot test to help simulate well drilling in order to avoid collisions. Communication link for offshore and onshore Equally vital in upstueam operations is the development of a communication network to link offshore operations to one another and to the onshore offices. Downsheam: survival of the fastest -Business is competitive and that includes oil business. Often, the success of a business depends on making the right decisions. -And to do that, you must have all the relevant information fast! Colorful three dimensional diagrams can be speedily conslructed Marketing information at the finger tips a great help to the planning At the press of a button, a Marketing executive in Shell can ac- using the Harward Graphics package - cess vital information on all customers'records such as daily sales, credit position and sales proceeds. and Supply staff. Computers not only store technical data bases, but can be used to monitor materials and complaints on services or products, They can also retrieve information stored in the computers in the Lon- don Cenhal Office. BERITA SHELL October 1989

MICROSTATION, a computer software to facilitate mapping work. The MIDAS touch for Marketing First installed in Kuching in 1989, MIDAS is an improvement over the former programme MOTAS as ithas the additionalfacility to monitor stock controland check a customels credit position be- fore orders are accepted. Better credit conhol Last year, the Sales Ledg-er: Millennium (SL:M)was introduced to facilitate credit control and to give updated credit standing of customers to both the depots and marketing department. Keeping the accounts The operations staff at work. Clockwise: Lee Eng Chee (Head of Fary Both the Upstream and Downstream Finance functions are (Computer Operator), Sally Lee (Shift Leader) and Merwin Ong (Cog heavily dependent on computers for keeping accounts. An interesting feature of downstream accounting is the project The pertinent question is: how can an organisation keep control called DCRIS (Downstream Cost Reporting Information System). of the ever-growing volume of office papers floating around? Established to overhaul the entire downstream financial informa- tion systems, the project has implemented the Sales Ledger, Ac- If properly maniged, the electronic mail package may form a counts Payable and Fixed Assets, Only the General Ledger re- partiil airsw'er as computers can be used to store and retrieve infor- mains to be completed. DCRIS was also responsible for imple- mation, thus reducing the volume of paper flow. menting MARS, a new marketing statistics system. Installation of communication hardware will allow the area off- ces and worksites to access information stored at the Kuala Lum- pur head-office. Joint personnel project to maximise tesources LAN, WAN and MAN to build an integrated environment ' To optimise the use of resources, the Upstream and ofHowever, in order for that to happen company-wide, a common Downstieam Personnel functions are exploring the feasibility of infrastructure must be built. Sheflplans to establish three types developing a common personnel records system. It has been iden- network which will provide the foundation for users from various tified that their requirements are similar. The search is now on to locations to have on-line access to the mainframe computers. find a package that can meet these requirements. Local Area Network \"Paper Chase\" and a L4'kilometre paper trail One is the LAN (Local Area Network)whichisinstalledinan Sarawak Shell Berhad estimated that if all its filed documents office building. This makes it possible for PCs to be connected to were to be lined up, it will form a 14-kilometre trail while the Shell one or more mainframe computers. The building of the new House in Kuala Lumpur calculated, during a recent'Paper Chase' exercise, that superfluous paper add up to almost 20 tons a year! Lutong office presents a unique opportunity for SSB to syn- chronise the network development with construction phases. 6 BERITA SHELL October 1989

Installed on the VAX Station 31OO, the AZIMUTH application helps to simulate weU drilling to prevent collision. SEBAR (Shell Electronic Bulletin and Retrieval system). The vid- eotex. will provide users with information on airline flight schedules, emergency telephone numbers, management diiry, basic production figures, company statistics and progress reporis on various projects. Elechonic mail: Forget about stamps, post-men and the post-off- ice. Conespondence can be directly typed and sent from computer to computer in a matter of seconds! erations), Lim Sow Lin (Computer Operations Supervisor), Stephen Lai Computer conference: The electronic equivalent to faceto-face meetings aTglg users all over the world. This has proven ex- rator). tremely useful for exchanging ideas within the Shell Gioup. Wide Area Network Optical filing: This is a feasibility studyundertakenby Kuala Lum- pur head office and Lutong office. Optical filing enables users to Complementing LAN is the proposed WAN (Wide Area Net retrieve the relevant document images via their computers. work)which will link the computers in offshore platforms and re- mote locations to the onshore offices. WAN will also establish the Shell Global Village link between Kuala Lumpur headquarters and Lutong office. In Taking advantage of the integrated systems, all personal com- Peninsular Malaysia, WAN has already been installed to link the puters in Shell will be ultimately linked so that uiers can share software and gain access to cenhally stored information. head-office, area offices and worksites. . Computer integration, once achieved country-wide, will lay the Mobile Area Network That leaves one more problem to be solved. How will computer foundation for the next step: integration with Shell's international users on moving vessels access the WAN? That's where MAN network. (Mobile Area Network) comes in. It is a radio-based communica- tion system linking Shell offshore operations to the computer ser- Shell Cenhal Office is now in the midst of implementing SINS vices in_Lutong. (Shell IntemationalNetwork Service$ which willink Shell operat- ing_companies around the world. i{hen that happens, Shell opcos will get instant news from one another. Shell global village will Isoon become a reality. Coming soon! Elechonic newspaper: A fully integrated computer environment in Shell offers users many exciting possibilities. One example is BERITA SHETL October 1989

fmC-omments \"Computers help to enhance efficiency and productivity in the Finance department. They help to eliminate the mundane and repetitive elements in the work so that staff can have more time for interpretative and review work. Almost all aspects of our work have been computerised. We value the work done by the Information department, especially over the last two years when they worked very hard to meet the dead- lines. We are confident they will continue to support us in our drive to enhance work practices through automation in one way or another. However, it must be recognised that the success of such projects also depend very much on the commitment of the users. - Financial Controller Chan Kwok Mow, user focal point for Finance function (Downstrcam). \"The Chief Executive Group is a particularly heavy user of PCs. They are vital tools in economic evaluation, for example. Much use is also made of graphics and desktop publishing packages. We are now starting to use elechonic mail especially with the Cenhal Offices. In all these activities we rely very much on technical assistance from the Information Centre and they provide an excellent ser- vice.\" - Corporate Finance Adviser Tim Morrison, user t'ocal point for the Chief Executive Group (Shell Companies in Malaysn) \"With ICEPE, petroleum engineers are able to :. : :\\ttr' make various calculations relating to reservoir performance. Using these results we can also I }:lirl$7:.-: simulate mathematical models of oil and gas :' :{:- reservoirs in order to predict their fufure behaviour and optimise development and shategies. We =:-:l:llrii appreciate the speed with which ICEPE provides us with the necessary answers to allow us to proceed to the next step of our work. It is definitely a great help to peholeum engineers.\" - Leslie Peterkin, Reservoir Engineer, user t'ocal point t'or Petroleum En gineering (Upstrean). BERITA SHELL 0ctober 1-c!c

compater asers \"The Materials and Supplies departments are responsible for ensuring that materials are always available to meet the company's requirements. This is achieved by stocking some materials and by buying others directly to meet users' needs. The buying decision is, of course, based on economic considerations. The computer we use, EMA or Elechonic Materials Adminishation system, is a useful tool in this respect. It assists us in almost the entire spechum of materials activities. EMA is a cenhally supported system and is being continuously reviewed and upgraded to increase its functionalities and make it more user-friendly.\" - Gamam Singh, user focal point and Head of Systems/ Administration, Mateials department (Upstream). -\"Two departments Supply Trading and Planning and Supply- are totally dependent on Linear Programming as a decision-making tool to evaluate supply options. Another area of computerisation we are looking into is a software to help programmers in scheduling coastal vessels.\" - Shipping Operations Manager Mohaned bin Abdullah (Downrtream). l ffir re,-$;e.,.=+E: .{ ,,.1,, \"With the increase in on-line computing, and the need for access to information in other locations, communications and computing technologies will become highly interdependent, and will merge into one. We are working towards an integrated computing environment which will link offshore and onshore operations. This development offers -exciting possibilities for Shell improved, speedy communication such as elechonic mail, computer conferencing and videotex will soon become a real- ity.' - Rob Prpeme, user focal point and Head of Telecommunica- tions (Upstream). BERITA SHETL October 1989

W*%ffiffi ffiffi3pdKffiK_Twffiffiffi l i ..,1 r==] 1 =. The DownsEe.rm computing team (ftom leftto right): Tan Hua Han (Facilities Manager), Chuah Hooi Moh (Head of Quality Assur- ance), Alan Mawdsley (Inforrnation and Computing Serwices Manager), Siaw Poon Im (Head of Information Centre), Greg Spence (Applications Manager) and B. Selvadurai (Project Manager, Facilities Planning). % f,ou have succumbed to a myth if you think that the computer is a genius. In actual fact, the computer has no intelligence at all whereas the average IQ of man is 100. Wffi Remember, powerful as the computer may sound, it is only a tool in the hands of man. Although computers seem t0 work in a very intelligent manner, they can only carry out progammes written by man. In Shell, computers are made to serve the business needs of the company. In Upsheam, the computing needs of the com- pany are taken care of by the Information function. The Information and Computer Services department (MFI) is responsible for downstream computing. Basically, both the computing departments will sfudy Shell's business goals and recommend strategic computing plans to help the company meet them. User focal points, representing the various departments of Shell, present their requests to their respective Computer Steer- ing Committees which prioritize the projects for the year. Priority is often given to the bread-and-butter aspect of the business. Once a project has been approved, the computing de- partment will carry out a feasibility study. If the project is viable they will develop a programme for it, test it and finally im- plement it. Once the programme is running, the computing staff will also maintain and support the programme. Quality is the guiding factor in the whole process: from information planning and system development to computer opera- tions. Both the Upstream and Downstream information departments have their respective Quality Assurance sections t0 monitor the departrnents' proiects. ISo it is people who make computers work for other people! l0 BERITA SHELL October 1989

The reason why so many people never accomplish what they could is simply because they are 'non-starters'. SSreCESUST$ Developing uccess goes to the activist. The person who makes things happen. The difference between people who ShiIIS make it to the top and those who don't is that the suc- to mahe cessful ones practise some essential skills. things happen - -These skills which I like to describe as 'success shortcuts' by Felix Abisheganaden, AMN may be implemented immediately by anyone either in business or in private life. In this article, I will elaborate on two important skills: how to beat procrastination and how to handle criticisms. PROCRASTINATION: BEAT IT Of these 'success shortcuts', I believe the most important is the need to beat procrastination and get started. The reason why so many people never accomplish what they could is simply because they are'non-starters'. There are a variety of reasons for it. One is, people are put off by seemingly overwhelming, unpleasant tasks. They may also hope that by adopting delay tactics they may be able to get someone else to do the job. Fear of failure is another reas0n, -The result of procrastination, however, is always the same an- xiety, frustration and too many missed deadlines. BERITA SHELL October 1989 il

Get.started 'a project' to be completed. Instead you'll be talking of a small sec- Psychologists say procrastination is a problem more of percep- tion of the task at hand. Completing the project step by step will be easier than you ever thought possible. tion than reality and the key to overcoming it is simply to get Be realistic started. Another point to remember is that before you take on a job, Many of us would have noticed that after working on a project make sure you have the tools, expertise and time needed. Under- estimating the time or effort of a task is one way of missing a dead- for a short while we generally get our 'second wind'. The fust line. So, be realistic. length is always more difficult to swim than the second. The ultimate objective is, of course, to get you to change your way of thinking from \"This is difficult, I'd rather not do it,\" to \"This Overwhelming procrastination is nothing but breaking the sec- ond-wind barrier. When this happens you are warmed up. You've is difficult, I'd better do it now and get it over with.\" found your rhythm and you're operating at top efficienry. In this state, working, like swimming or running, becomes a pleasure. Commit yourself publicly Another tactic is to commit yourself publicly. By doing so you'll Start with the most unpleasant task be putting yourself in an embarrassing position if you quit. There If you are a chronic procrastinator, start your day with your most is, therefore, a reason to keep you going. For instance, if you've unpleasant job. If you have to apologise to an angry customer, pick been putting off learning to play the piano, announce to three coll- up the phone the moment you sit down at your desk. By doing this eagues that you are starting and ask them to monitor your prog- you'll be proving to yourself that you can take distasteful tasks in ress. Their support will keep you going! your stride. Bribe yourself Splitiob into sections One more suggestion: reward or bribe yourself. When you have When you begin any project, plan your course of action 0n paper an unpleasant job to tackle, promise yourself a reward for complet- because if you begin anything with an unfocused mind, you will ing it before a certain deadline. This will enable you to focus on almost surely see there's a lot more to it than you had originally your goals. thought ... and this will lead you to procrastinate. But when you split up a job into a number of sections, you'll find the task less frightening or challengrng. You won't be talking about They hope ttrat by adopting delay tactics they may be able to get someone else to do ttre job. t2 IDBERITA SHELL October

People are put olf by seemingly overwhelming, unpleasant tasks. CRITICISMS:LEARN FROM THEM Receiving end Sooner or later, everybody makes a mistake. So what do you do abolfi It is true that most of us resent criticism. We take it personally it? and sometimes react like a mule stung by a wasp. Our immediate -reaction is to hit back even when the criticism is justified which it often is. Sometimes it becomes obvious that the criticism is unjustified. That it is intended to wound rather than help. But why accept the challenge and become embroiled in bitter recriminafions? Accept criticism thoughtfully. Without resentment. Some of it may be true. So try to get some good out of it. - -If the critic no matter how unfriendly points out some weakness you aren't conscious of and you take action to correct it, you will then turn the intended injury into a genuine benefit. Giving end THOUGHTS TO IIVE BY While working on a project, if you have to pull up one of your One of the unfortunate truths about human beings is that it people, remember that the reason you have to do this is because takes most of us a lifetime to grow up. Neverthelesi, complete you've made it to management, and one reason why you made it maturity is a goal we keep striving for. According to some students of human nature, mature people are: to the top is because you're good with people. Patienh They are able to pass up immediate pleasures when need You know how to criticise people in a positive way. You've be to achieve long-range goals. Calm: They are able to hold their temper and control their anger. earned your position because you are an expert at it. Remember Empathetic: They respond to the needs and feelings of others. Positive: They retain a zest for life and are enthusiastic about their this because when you're facing the tough parts of your job the work and goals. Courageous: They are able to conquer the fear of failure and to de- - -things you are most tempted to postpone you will need all the feat any inclination to always play it safe. Dependable: They can work with others for the common good of self confidence you can get. all and tolerate differences. When someone'goofs' I've listed a rather big order. Few of us will ever be so perfect. It is Always bear in mind that there's no such thing as a perfect $to our credit, however, that we keep t4nng. employee. Sooner or later, everybody makes a misiake. So what Felix Abishenagaden had been conbibuting a regulu column, 'Productivity', do you do about it? in the New Shaits Times until the middle of this year. Felix was formerly a news editor for over 25 years and then chiefexecutive of an intemational public Don't lose your temper rclations counsultancy. He is currently a senior partner of Prcstige Communi- . Do not lose your temper. Instead, investigate carefully and thoroughly without trying to blame anyone, First, try to under- cations. stand what happened. If anything was done that was wrong, you want to know what it was and how to prevent a similar misfake from happening again, Then make sure that everyone involved gets the same information. Don't harp on the mistake The person who 'goofed'probably is embarrassed enough any- way. Rubbing it in causes resentment. So, stop harping on the mis- take! BERJTA SHELL October 1989 l3

TAKING GOOD STOCK OF PRESENT AND FUTURE OIL RESERUES by Pang Ngan Yue The peholeum Engineering function plays a leading role in the development planning and management of the company's oil and gas reserves. The challenges to thatrole are underpinned by two principal forces, one nafural, and the other, man-made. Like all nafural resources, oil and gas are depletable. While their demand and prices are governed by prevailing market forces, Shell's high professional standards and technological advances have enabled the function to enhance the life of profitable reserves. withil prices scaled the heights in the early 1980's per cent of world (excluding communist areas) energy demand bar-an all time high that was in excess of US$35 per presently, that status can only be sustained by ensuring that oil can '86\"rel, and hit the lows in the infamous \"Crash of continue to present itself as an attractive option in the face of com- at around US$10 per barrel. Such uncertainties petition from a mature alternative-energy market. have precipitated a wary outlook on the oil business. Within such A parallel strategy has been developing better usages of gas an environment, major (which is found either in E&P oilcompanies have to association with oil, or on its own) for oil recovery contend with the need to purposes and as a product sustain and perpetuate their business whilst juggl- for the market (gas is an en- ing with costly operations; vironmentally clean fuel). particularly with the trend In fact, Shell Middle Distil- towards smaller and more late Synthesis process now complex fields, including enables natural gas to be deeper water operation, converted to high quality While technological ad- oilproducts on a commer- -vancements which are cial scale. also stimulated in the di- The success of both strategies is reliant on rection of cost effective- sound field development -ness have provided plans and optimal reser- voir management policies some measure of relief, the pressure on increasingly more competitive produc- in many ways. This applies tion costs is an on-going to both new discoveries one. Although the demand Petroleum Engineering Manager Megat Zaharuddin is a firm believer of getting and existing fields. tJle best out of the union bscween ttre professionalism of employees and for oil is still relatively Field development plans technological advancements. high, accounting for 45.5 entail studies that are t4 BERITA SHEtt October 1989

aimed at predicting the size of oil or gas accumulations in a field, Head of Production Geology/Seismology, Howard Johnson: \"Cor- expected production rates over the life of a field and development rectly estimating ttre location, amount and distribution of potential oil costs. Meanwhile, studies are being made into the most favourable and gas reserves is the rock bottom cornerstone of any Exploration 6 recovery method that will result in maximum yields at economi- cally viable rates and with minimal waste. Production company.\" Such plans and policies, in turn, evolve from, and are developed gathering tools and computer technology have increased the scope around, initial subsurface studies of the field that are conducted by of oilfield knowledge and enhanced the accuracy o{ estimations or the petroleum engineers. These studies, which are both qualitative predictions, Since oil and gas are located in often complex and sub- and quantitative in nature, involve a multitude of complex data tle geologicalstructures and formations, the estimation of reserves analysis, interpretation and calculation processes, has to begin with obtaining an accurate geological description, or picture, of the oilfield. Initially, this is largely identified from sub- Said Petroleum Engineering Manager of Sarawak Shell Berhad/ surface structural maps obtained from seismic data which allows Sabah Shell Petroleum Company Limited (SSB/SSPC), Megat the depth and shape of different geological layers to be measured. Zaharuddin, \"Whereas in the past, data on the subsurface could only be accumulated over time from the wells that were drilled, re- The accuracy of subsurface maps has been visibly heightened by cent technological advancements together with more efficient use of skilled manpower resources have enabled Shell to better quan- the development of three dimensional (3-D) seismic suruey tiff the subsurface situations earlier on, thus enabling us to seek techniques which began in the 1970's. Due to their dense data greater opportunities in new and maturing oilfields.\" coverage, 3-D seismic surveys can capture more clearly, and accu- This achievement is manifested through enhanced accurary of rately, details related to the size and shape ofgeological shuctures, This ultimately leads to a better delineation of hydrocarbon dis- subsurface studies and estimates of hydrocarbon reserves; more tribution. realistic predictions of reservoir performance or behaviour; and last but not least, improved chances of successful economic re- Said Howard |ohnson, \"Consequently, there is a growing trend within SSB/SSPC to acquire more and larger 3-D seismic surveys, -turns from field developments including those which may have This practice is apparent in some cases for exploration purposes, but particularly in the early field appraisal stage before expensive been previously categorised as unattractive or marginal fields. In certain cases, a quantitative enhancement of reserves has been re- vealed as well. Head of Resenzoir Engineering, Wong Shau Yee: \"In practice, a field can only be produced once. Now with computerised reservoir simu- lation, a field can be theoretically produced several times!\" Enhanced accuracy of subsurface sfudies Head of Petrophysical Engineering, Sirat Othman, has to review lit- erally miles of well log data in his work each day. As reserves are the source of the E&P business, the impetus of preliminary studies is to know where the accumulations-of hyd- rocarbons are found, their sizes (to determine if they will be de- veloped or not), and their distribution. Reserves are estimated an- nually, at all stages of an E&P cycle (sometimes lasting over 20 years for each individual field). Head of Production Geology/Seismology, Howard Johnson said, \"As development costs are astronomical, accurary in estimat- ing the location, amount and distribution of potential oil or gas re- serves is of fundamental importance: it constitutes the 'rock bo! tom cornerstone' of any E&P company.\" Within the obscure realm of the subsurface, advances in data BERITA SHELT October 1989

2 D SEISMIC SECTION .S_E sEc. 0.0 IKM The following charts, representing ttre same cross-section of a field, show how 3-D seismic surveys produce higher qgaEl development decisions are made.\" Sirat Othman. ?hysical properties such as porosity and permeabil- The first 3-D seismic surveys in SSB/SSpC were obtained in 19g4 ity are key indicators of reservoir potential. Porosity determines for the.Samarang, D-18 and D-35 fields, and by the end of this year, the hydrocarbon storage capacity of the formation roik (since oil is around 18. surveys should have been shot, iovering so*.5,200 held in the pole-9 of the rock, behaving effectively like a sponge) while permeability (related to the siie of the inter-connectrtg square kilomehes. Altematively, measured in ufuts of party channels between the pores) determines the rate at which hyd- rocarbons will flow. months of field surveys in 1988 and 1989, SSB/SSPC wouldhav-e acquired nearly six times as much 3-D seismic data as it did 2-D At the same time, otherproperties such as reservoir temperafure and pressure are also surveyed as these affect the properties of the seismic data. reservoir fluid. The clarity of 3-D seismic maps has important bearings on the As the petrophysical parameters to be measured are numerous -next stage designing the geological model. This is an appropri- and inhicate, new developments in well log$ng devices have ately scaled, three dimensional image of the subsurface that de- proven to be most significant in improving the quality of downhole scribes some of the principal geological and pehophysical attri- butes of an oilfield such as the eiternll geometry or shape of reser- data in terms of increased resolution, and maximising the cir- voir bodies; the intemal distribution of porosity and peimeability; and the distribution of baniers to fluid-flow such as shale breais cumferential view or measurement of the well bore form\"ation, and sealing faults. Sirat Othman explained, \"Presently, for example, a formation Knoqledge of these attributes is important as they influence re- microscanning tool which gives indications of geological features, servoir flow performance, or productivity. Along with that, judg- ment of the size of production facilities iequired for the develop- is able to provide detailed measurements down to two-inch thick ment stage, assessment of number of wells needed, and optimum units of the formation; previously, measurements in units of two location of production and infillwells, is infened from the model. to three feet thick were only possible. This improved vertical resol- The geologicalmodel thus acts virtually as the 'blueprint' for other ution of the tool helps pehophysicists to dete-rmine reservoir data Petroleum Engineering activities related to oil and gis field apprai- sal and development plans. more acfllrately. This in turn, aids volume calculations of re- As the geological model is constructed from structural details SETVES.,, identified from the seismic maps (together with information ob- tained of the oil well), clearer indications from 3-D seismic maps In fact, a wide range of resistivity, radiocative, acoustic and nuc- will result in a more accurate and realistic design of the geologiial lear logging devices are currently applied to obtain data on produc- model. tivity parameters. In addition, new developments in cable com- munication systems have facilitated logging efficiency. They ena- .To.complete the model, pehophysical data pertaining to the ble a voluminous amount of data from downhole to be transmitted to the surface by allowing the different loggrng tools (which are re- physical properties of the reiervoir iock and fluii type arE contri- quired for measuring different parameters) to be combined to- gether in one run: traditionally, various tools had to be run one at a buted by the Petrophysical Engineering Department, headed by time. t6 BERITA SHELL October 1989

3 D SEISMIC SECTION sEc. 0.0 sEc. 0.0= t.0 2.0 0 il(il datathan 2-D surveys. 3-D seismic charts give clearer and more definite indications of various geological srucnrres. In SSB/SSPC, a combination of up to nine di{ferent tools can be sure (normally created by natural energy mechanisms within the run at one go, where the total length of all the tools can add up to reservoir and are determined by such features as the gravity force, over 100 feet. The time required to do all the logging operations is and the size of the aquifer or gascap) acts like a lever, or piston, for subsequently reduced by some 60-70 per cent. This is equivalent to the flow or displacement of the oil. savings of one to two rig-days per well. Where the natural drive energy is shong enough to displace the Complementing the advancements in logging devices are those oil in the reservoir towards the producing wells and subsequently in laboratory measurement techniques which allow various 'exo- to the surface, the process is called primary recovery. However, tic' pehophysical parameters of the formation samples to be mea- where the nafural energy is limited, and has to be supplemented sured more accurately and rapidly. Besides enhancing productiv- by injection of water or gas to maintain the reservoir pressure, the term secondary recovery applies. ity evaluation, laboratory measurements are used as counter- In aniving at a reasonably accurate prediction of the reservoir checks for the log responses. performance (or oil flow rates), it is essential for the reservoir en- Once the necessary log data are obtained, they have to be inter- gineer to know the extent of the presence of natural drive preted before productivity estimates can be calculated. These esti- mates are derived mathematically using certain equations which mechanisms, so that the most appropriate reservoir management are formulated to reflect the actual or local operational environ- policy can be formulated to stimulate maximum recovery of the oil. ment. Meanwhile, log interpretation techniques are continuously re=defined to facilitate accurate calculations. |ust how is reservoir performance predicted? Conventionally, reservoir performance prediction is done using In conjunction with this, modern computer technology now en- a variety of simple reservoir engineering calculations and a qualita- ables the petrophysical engineer to develop a 'semi-intelligent' log tive understanding of the geological model. However, an increas- evaluation programme that can 'think', having the interactive ing practice is the use of reservoir simulation computer models, capacity to consider all the data and knowledge of a field which where simulation broadly means the use of calculations to predict have been'fed'into the programme dunhg its evaluation process. reservoir performance, or flow. Since the 1960's, however, the Accuracy is thus further enhanced. term 'simulation' has come to be synonymous with the use of large scale, high speed, digital computers to model the flow of fluids Indeed, accuracy is mandatory. Quality improvement in seis- through the reservoir (whidr has been hanslated from the earlier geological model into a network of grid blocks). mic, geological and pehophysical data contributes to the achieve- According to Head of Reservoir Engineering, Wong Shau Yee, mentof the mandate. the computerised simulation model is a breakthrough: \"ln prac- Realistic reservoir performance predictions tice, a field can only be produced once. Now, with simulation For the reservoir engineer, one of the foremost applications of the geological model is as a framework for calculating or predicting models, a field can be 'produced' many times against different de- reservoir performance and the amount of oil that can be recovered. velopment scenarios! Oil recovery works on the principle of displacement where pres- t7 BERITA SHELI October 1989

\"A few production polices or recovery techniques can be applied Senior Reserwoir Engineer for the Sabah waters, Paul Raj Dominic, at to produce the field theoretically so that we can arrive at the most work with the reservoir simulation model for the St. Joseph pressure optimum policy for actual production. In this way, and within de- Maintenance project. finite limits, reservoir computer models make performance predic- tion a somewhat more'forgiving' process.\" reservoir geological model. In SSB/SSPC, the application of large scale simulation computer Following this, the historical performance of the field was model is increasing. Its use, however, will have to be carefully cho- matched by varying certain reservoir properties in the geological model until the observed production and pressure behaviour of sen because while the oilfields in this region are relatively compli- the reservoir was duplicated by the model. This process of history cated geologically compared to those in the North Sea, for in- matching provides a check (or calibration) on the accuracy of pre- dictions of the models. stance, Nature has her own way of making compensations: most The reliability of reservoir performance predictions using simu- oilfields here yield or produce satisfactorily with natural water drive or primary recovery technique thus obviating the need for lation models is generally higher that other conventional secondary methods. techniques. This is because it takes into account all the variables that have an impact on the fluid flow processes in the reservoir, However, some fields or reservoirs do need 'help' in their recov- ery process and the first large scale field simulation model of its kind for the company, is being applied to investigate the feasibility of secondary recovery methods in a development project for the St. Joseph oilfield, offshore Sabah. Known as the 'St. Joseph Pressure Maintenance Scheme', it is a development project for the North-West Flank of the St. ]oseph- main field where cognizance was taken of the lack of natural reser- vorr energy which would lead to a low primary recovery factor. Thus, explained Senior Reservoir Engineer for the Sabah opera- tions, Paul Raj Dominic, a simulation model was set up with the objectives of evaluating the feasibility of pressure maintenance in the North-West Flank of the field and to quantify the number and Iocation of production and injection wells and the injection vol- umes. The simulation model was constructed and run locally in Sarawak, based on a detailed reservoir geological study that was carried out in 1987, The simulation model consists of a three-di- mensional network of grid blocks, about 8,000 in all. Each grid block was assigned porosity and permeability values based on the RESERVOIR DISTRIBUTION. CRESTALAREA l-_l eooo REsEBtlorR I noonBEsERYtltR I iloil-BESERUotR/sHArE RESERVOIR DISTRIBUTION - DOWNDIPAREA A 3-D geological model of tJ:e crestal and down-dip sections of a field, displaying different geological layers can vary acnoss a field.

such as the reservoir geometry, lateral and vertical variations in re- This minimization of 'unknown variables', coupled with corres- servoir quality, hydrocarbon distribution, reservoir fluid proper- ties and the fluid flow characteristics, In short, a realistic flow can ponding advancements in production-related technology are be simulated which leads to more accurate predictions. bound to increase the company's confidence in assessing the For the St. Joseph North-West Flank reservoir simulation study, economies of potential development projects. The chances of de- a number of prediction runs were made to evaluate the reservoir's veloping more reserves are thus improved, leading to an increase performance under three different recovery mechanisms: natural in production. depletion or primary recovery, water injection, and gas injection. In the midst of these, a lateral development of improved subsur- On the basis of these runs, gas injection was found to be the face insight has been an increase in reserves. most favourable recovery technique, yielding some 20 per cent more oil from the reservoir than the other two processes. Another This is a global trend. Worldwide, proven reserves of crude oil winning point for gas injection was its cheaper cost when com- have been re-appraised to a new total of some 900 billion banels at pared with water injection. 1 January, 1989. This increase comes on top of a very significant Other reservoir simulation computer modelling, in even more -rise 190 billion barrels or 27 .3 per cent in worldwide reserves re- geologically complex fields like D-35 (which is likely to involve over 10,000 grid blocks!), is currently being undertaken locally by corded last year. the Reservoir Engineering unit under Wong Shau Yee. For SSB/SSPC, oil reserves that have been produced are continu- Improved chances for development of more reserves ally being 'replenished'. Wong Shau Yee explained that between Indeed, technological advancements in Petroleum Engineering have put peholeum engineers in a more advantageous position to 1985 to 1988, expected recoveries from the SSB/SSPC and the manage the company's reserves. Insight has been extended through the creation of more avenues for the expansion of subsur- Baram Delta Joint Venture fields have increased by an amount that face knowledge and understanding. And this increased know- is 77 per cent higher than the volume of oil that was produced over ledge has been well applied to devising field development plans the same period. and reservoir management policies that are aimed at bringing out A combination of factors which include better than expected the best in terms of both recovery and profitability of costly field performances, identification of potential infill drilling and offshore developments. secondary recovery projects, field extensions via appraisal dril- Simultaneously, greater accuracy and speed in processing the ling, and continual exploration drilling, have contributed to the 'replenishment' or enhancement of reserves. increasing volumes of data have enabled uncertainties to be iden- tified and hence quantified, very early on. This inaeases the timel- The use of 3-D seismic techniques in exploration and field revisit iness factor in responding to anticipated problems. Additionally, a certain amount of flexibility is afforded by the computing speed exercises, for example, has stimulated the discovery of smaller and which allows alternatives to be quickly evaluated. more complex accumulations previously undetected by conven- tional 2-D seismic techniques, resulting in a poSitive redefinition of reserves. Moreover, as a field is developed, each additional well that is drilled provides more information on the true size and nature of the field. This leads to a continuous re-assessment of the volumes of oil or gas it contains and an extension of the field in some cases. However, reserves, being defined as the volumetric difference PRIOR TO START OF GAS INJECTION FIVE YEARS AFTER GAS INJECTION Computerised reserwoir simulation models of the St. Joseph North-west Flank field, showing its reservoir performance before and after gas injection. BERJTA SHELL October 1989

ST. JOSEPH GOMPARISI|N OF UARIIIUS PRIIIIUGIIOII SGHEMES a rel zc., F H = H E' Ct t(tJJ a=uc,. -+ Gas Inject ion TL u, + INatura Ilep t et i on H <I ===CJ >YEAR This chart shows ttre differences in recovery rates resulting from the application of different recovery techniques. In this case it shows ttrat gas injection produces higher yields than natural depletion. between what can ultimately be recovered from the reservoir (ulti- present and future reserves. It is a dynamic process. mate recovery) and that which have been produced (cumulative \"But the dynamism will be nullified, in spite of all the advances production), refer to 'producible' hydrocarbons. The acid test on reserves thus lies in their production performance, and cones- in technology, without the human elements: the professionalism, ponding advances must be made in recovery techniques and pro- duction equipment. skills, and commitment to quality which characterise Shell Initial assqmptions too, have to be frequently revised through- employees everywhere. Indeed, the union of technological ad- vancements with the commitment of employees to qualityis a vital -out the field's life and plans amended accordingly and this, sub- one. And to be at the forefront of the industry, it has to be a suc- stantially, is the job of the petroleum engineer. cessful union. \"This is one of Petroleum Engineering's main challenges,\" said \"ln Shell, the success of this union is forged through schemes for Howard Johnson. \"From a starting point of relatively minor infor- training its employees and broadening their exposure to differing mation, one's knowledge of a field increases gradually throughout environments around the world, complemented by the timely its life. Today's impretation is quickly tested by tomorrow's results adoption of modem analytical tools and techniques. It is upon the -it is a very dynamic situationrightup to the abandonment of the shength of this unionthat SSB/SSPC is able to demonshateitself as a responsible and worthy partner to Malaysia's development of oil field,\" he added. and gas reserves for the continued growth of the industry,\" c9!- Seen from that perspective, the wider concept and objective of IdudJd Petroleum Engineering Maniger Megat Zaharuddin, reservoir management is not confined to maximising recovery alone. It is also aimed at increasing the knowledge and under- standing of both new and existing fields so that their respective production lives may be prolonged or extended in a responsible and safe manner. Underlying the entire process are efforts made to reduce de- velopment costs and to minimise wastage while studies are con- tinuously being made into the possibility of developing more re- serves. In these ways, the company is able to take good stock of its 20 BERITA SHELL Ocbber 19tt

THE UNITED KING. ject at Fort Saskatchewan. Qantas' decision to attempt a Corporate Planning and DOM However, these agreements are reeccoordrd-breaking flight pre- Economics, Shell Australia subject to the signing of docu- Limited, presented a paper at Safety guide-lines on the use of ments and regulatory approval. asented their fuel deopartment the \"Seminar on World En- chemicals DENMARK wwitihth problem. Despite vironmental and Energy Issues: The Chemical Industries Ass- Seven new horizontal wells in maximum fuel load, their new Their Impact on the Australian ociation (CIA) has issued a set the Dan field. of guideJines on the safe use, Boeing 747-400 didnot have the inEconomy\" Sydney, Aus- necessary range of conven- tralia. \"lndustry can expect that the tional fuels. Their conhacted suppliers at Heathrow declined handling and disposal of chem- to produce a 'one-time' batch of community's standards con- icals for exporting countries. Denmark's oldest oil-fields special high density fuel. cerning the environment will The document is enfitled 5a1e will be further developed when drilling begins on seven addi- Qantas then approached keep on rising. The need to bal- Exportation of Chemicals: An tional horizontal production Shell who had the resburces to ance environmental concerns Industry Approach to the Issue. lt is produced under wells. evaluate the possibilities. Des- with the desire for economic growth is not new, but the pite technical and logistical CIA's Responsible Care Prog- This was the proposal sent to problems, Shell saw the project hade-offs are becoming more ramme to help UK chemical the Ministry of Energy by through successfully. complex. This is particularly companies maintain acceptable Maersk Olie & Gas AS on behalf true where the major environ- ethics in intemational trade. It of Dansk Undergrunds Consor- HEALTH, SAFETY & EN- mental issues transcend na- tium (Shell 46 per cent) on 24 VIRONMENT tional borders. also aims at improving the August. \"While industry's responsi- chemical industry's concern for health, safety and environ- Drilling will begin in the first Emergency response plan for bility in the case oilocalis'ed en- oil installations vironmental issues is obvious ment. quarter of 1990.It is expected to and recognised, industry also The new publication is based progress over the next two on Guides for Manufacturers years. The new horizontal wells Guide lines for designing an has a shared responsibility for emergenq/ response plan can broader global environmental and Traders Exporting Chemi- will be drilled from existing issues, including the search for cals which was published in be found in the Marketing In- solutions, \" he concluded. 1985 by the Business and Indus- platforms of Dan F and Dan D. stallation Emergency Plainng Guidance Nofe. (CONCAWE Rospa Safety Award try Advisory Committee The plan is the most exten- Report No.7/89). Shell Intemational Marine (BrAC). sive horizontal drilling prog- (SIM) has received the gold It quotes the five BIAC guide- Marketing installation vary award for occupational safety ramme so far, and is expected lines and gives practical tips on -greatly in size from large ter- and health from The Royal Soci- to cost some 800 million kroner. their interpretation, listing a minals to small dishibution de- ety for the Prevention of Acci With the proposed new well, pots. Thus, the approach taken series of points to consider. must be appropriate to the in- dents. it will be possible to maintain stallation, local resources and The guide-lines are listed manPower. The 1989 ROSPA award was the field's present rate of pro- a significant milestone for Shell under the following headings: atduction hazardevaluation, transmiss- approximately as it recognises the company's ion of information, education 25,000 bbls/day over a longer commitment to safety and acci- and training, imminent threat dent prevention, period. and advertising. The outstanding safety re- AUSTRALIA The report outlines the re- CANADA sponsibilities of the company cords of SIM over the last three years speak for themselves. Fractionation facility for Shell supplies fuel for historic and suggests the course of ac- tion to be taken during various Since Shell introduced the natural gas liquid. non-stop Qantas flight from types of emergency. Enhanced Safety Management inl984, the company has seen a Shell Canada Limited and London to Sydney. Last but not least, haining is drastic plunge in lost-time in- Dow Chemical Canada Inc. will jury frequency per million man- build and operate a fractiona- The long-standing relation- emphasised. For the plan to be hours, from 6in1982to 1.1in tion facility on Dow's site in ship between Shell Australia 1988. That means, losttime in- effective, key personnel and jury cases have been reduced Fort Saskatchewan, Alberta, and Qantas has reached a new from 233 cases in 1982 to 21 in Costing about Can$120 mill- level during the historic non- professionals must know their 1988. This is the best record ion, the facility is scheduled to stop Qantas flight from London roles during an emergency, begin operations in 1992. It is to Sydney. Shell co-ordinated both individually and as a among the major oil fleets. the production and supply of team. Regular emergency The ROSPA judges unanim- expected to process conden- simulation are recommended ously bestowed the gold sate. as the best way of testing the ef- awards to SIM for taking the Under a long-term contract, Shell will sell the ethane toDow the special density aviation tur- fectiveness of the emergency $leadinsafety. for its proposed ethylene pro- bine fuel which made the flight plan. possible. The fuel was produced at Oil indushy and the Duestche Shell refinery in Har- environment burg while Shell UK Oil ar- ranged for the fuelling of the On 15August 1989, MrRoger aircraft at Heathrow Airport. Rainbow, General Manager, BERITA SHELL October 1989

INSPI IoN by Sofiyan Yahya Throughout the ages, sea shells have inspired artists such as Rembrandt, Botticelli and Leonardo da Vinci. These marine beauties have served as charms, amulets, hibutes and even as a currency of exchange. Above all, the priceless Shell pecten was designed in honour of its founder Marcus Samuel who was an avid shell collector. CC he sells sea-shells on the sea-shore,\" so goes the tongue-twister. If that ties the tongue in knots, try saying the names of these shells: Xenophoia peroniana. Volva breviros- tris rosea. Foteila cerrosensis. Strolling along the beach, you are bound to find some sea-shells on the shore. Can such insignific- ant objects be of any significance to mankind? The fact that a stylised scallop has come to symbolise one of the world's largest companies is a tes- timony to man's fascination with these marine beauties. The scallop pecten Throughout the world, the scallop emblem stands for the high quality associated with Shell pro- ducts. Marcus Samuel, the founder of Shell, was an avid collector of sea-shells, especially those found in the Far East. His firstbusiness was built around sea-shells. Then he ventured into a highly successful transportation business and, later, oil business. After his death, his heirs built the company's first oil tanker named Murexinhonour of the founder and his love for sea-shells. The scallop eventually be- came the oilcompany's famous emblem. Right: A lateral view of ttre Horse Clam (Ilippopus hippopus) vuhich is comrnonly found in shallow waters around the reefs stretching from the Philippines to ttre Pacific Ocean. It is also knovrm by comnon names such as Bear's paw, Horse's hoof, Horse shoe, Spotted clam and Strawberry clam. - from the collection of Shell Companies in Malaysia. 22

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OCTOBER 1989 A Berita Shell Supplement ALGOHOL Drinldng to your health and safetv? {'$ae N*xxrxy rxses *S' aX* and endangers others. It has road due to alcohol abuse. Many such accidents have e$&a$X a negative effect on our resulted in deaths. From time immemorial, al- health and safety. cont'd on pg 2 cohol has been used by men for various purposes. Every year, thousands of o to add flavour to various food, accidents happen on the o to help relax guests at soc- ial functions and to encour- r'-'/ -\"' age conviviality, .--- t!* o to celebrate significant oc- n casions e.g. weddings and annlversarles, .,.1 o for medicinal purposes *-k,I-fd{#f.liiinf+\"-r*...&s*rI':t\\}' e.g. cough syrup, mild seda- tives'tonics'. Because alcohol has a property of altering the state of the mind, it can eas- ily be abused. It has been estimated that men drinking more than 7 units of alcohol and women drinking more than 5 units every day risk health dam- age. f)aNagex\"s ${' *eEc&k{}X If you drink, don't drive! Alcohol abuse means ir- responsible drinking which harms the drinker himself

cont'd from pg L o Being 'fired' from a job: No food yalue 'Monday morning' absence Grim facts due to hangover or coming One unit of whisky has 50 to work intoxicated may re- calories but no food value These are the grim facts sult in a person losing his (no vitamins, proteins and of driving under the influ- job. ence of alcohol: minerals). This is called o almost half of all injuries o Getting into trouble with empty calories. A person and deaths resulting from the police: arrests for public road accidents are due to al- disturbance may result in can get enough calories on cohol abuse. bad police records. o about 1,200 fatal crashes alcohol but if it is substi- Alcohol shortens one's annually are caused by life-span tuted for food over a period of time it will result in mal- drunk drivers. Alcohol, when abused for nutrition. o two or three drivers killed at night had a blood alcohol prolonged period, can Why do people drink? level above the legal limit (80 mg per 100 mls.) shorten one's life-span by There are many reasons Ugly side-effects of al- 10-12 years. for drinking but generally cohol Many of our systems are they can be classified into Besides death and in- affected. Alcohol abuse has two categories. often caused kidney failure. juries on our roads, alcohol The liver, stomach and pan- 1. To'tunein': to enhance creas can be inflamed, lead- social interaction and to causes: ing to failure of these or- enjoy an occasion or activ- o Violence: brawls in bars gans. Atrophy (shrinking) can happen in the brains, ity. In moderation, and and pubs. Fights with family and friends, occasionally re- nerves or muscles. The when used responsibly, al- sulting in death. cohol can be harmless and o Accidents at work: prob- heart can be damaged, thus enjoyable. resulting in heart failure. lem drinkers have three However, a few remin- times more accidents at ders: o drink along with other ac- tivities, o avoid intoxication by set- ting limits. Drink slowly and drink with food. r don't drink when you have to drive or use a machinery or when you have to make an important decision. 2. To 'tune out'. This is a very bad reason for drinking alcohol which is used: a as an escape from prob- lems with family or job. o as a 'cure' for fears or anx- iety due to lack of self confi- dence, o to block out feeling of loneliness and self-doubt or feeling of inadequacy.

'Monday morning' hangover may result in a person losing his job. .\\ few *m*:ts **r r.#- and absenteeism which o change of attitude towards authority. memlhex\" should alert the supervisor to the fact that the worker Renmimqler *$ thos* w,$ncl o one in 12 regular male may be indulging in alcohol en.ltl3.(F*e use *f iltrc*kqrI drinkers and one in 24 regu- abuse. r alcohol is a drug that acts lar female drinkers drink Look out for medical on the brain. It is potentially heavily, diagnosis such as gastritis, addicting both physically headache, enteritis, debil- . many drinkers are occa- and mentally. ity, indigestion, diarrhoea, sional drinkers, o irresponsible use of al- abdominal pain and viral in- o one in 25 drinkers became cohol has led to many acci- fection. dents especially motor vehi- alcohol dependent, losing cle accidents. Also be alert to be- o ask yourselffrequently: Is control over his or her alcohol doing more good havioural patterns such as: than harm or vice versa'? drinking habit. This leads to o absenteeism mainly on NOTE: As statistics on al- personal. iob and family cohol abuse are not avail- Monday and after pay day, problems. able in Malaysia, the above . poor time keeping. persis- o there is some evidence statistics are based on tent lateness, studies conducted in the that unborn babies can be damaged by alcohol taken o increase in unauthorised Unitcd States. by the mother. For preg- absence, nant women it is wise to abs- o apparenl moodiness, irra- tain from alcohol. tional behaviour, o At work, there are recog- o smelling of alcohol, un- nisable behaviour patterns kempt appearance, 3



FIRE.OUTBREAK How prepared are you? Three contingency only time you can act is Smoke detectors plans that may mean now! Smoke detectors should be fixed to ceilings or high the difference between CONTINGENCY Iife and death. PLAN I: Fire VYarning up on walls. They should be Prevention is always bet- System at least 100 mm from the ter than cure. And there is sidewall. However, if in- Automatic fire detectors no better precaution than stalled on side walls, they and other early warning de- regular inspection of poten- vices should be installed in should be between 100 mm homes to alert occupants of and 300 mm below the ceil- tial fire hazards in your an impending fire. ing. home. There are several types of The next thing to do is to The appropriate places to equipment to detect heat, have contingency plans in smoke, flame or gas. For install them are in rooms, case the worst happens. home use, the smoke detec- halls, storage areas, base- When a fire breaks out, tor is adequate as it picks up ments, attics and enclosed you'll have no time to think, visible or invisible combus- stairways. tion particles. let alone plan. Thus, the Smoke detectors should be installed outside each bedroom and on every floor of the house. That's the minimal requirement. Check for trouble signals When a smoke detector is activated, an alarm rings out. Household warning de- vices can be powered by dry batteries provided the foll- owing conditions are met: 1. Batteries should be used for only one year and should be tested weekly. 2. Before the battery fails, the fire warning device gives off an audible sound. Watch out for that trouble signal. 3. In a warning device with lock-in alarm feature, there is an automatic transfer from alarm to trouble signal Smoke detectors should be tixed to ceilings or high up on walk. should the battery fail. cont'd on pg 6 5

4. Warning device can prod- Family members should tricity short circuit. Use practise fire drills at home. only dry powder, carbon uce an alarm signal to indi- dioxide or BCF fire extin- cate battery failure. This In case of power failure, guishers. After switching signal, lasting for several provide the family with suff- off the power supply, notify minutes, will be replaced the authorities immediate- for the next seven days. icient torches (in good Iy. Such specifications are working condition!) which In order to protect the en- written on the battery com- are kept within easy reach. partment of the warning de- vironment, BCF extin- CONTINGENCY vice. PLAN 3: Fire-fighting guishers are generally dis- couraged in favour of car- CONTINGENCY Techniques bon dioxide or dry powder Every home should be PLAN 2: Family Es- extinguishers. equipped with at least one If a fire extinguisher is un- cape Plan fire extinguisher. Dry- available, use a garden Often, there is very little time between the detection powder extinguishers are hose, water buckets, wet of a fire and an emergency blankets, sacks or clothings situation. The interval may recommended for home to put out a small fire (this be as short as one minute. is, however, not applicable Thus, it is important to have use. Inspect your fire extin- guisher and have it serviced to fire caused by electric a family escape plan to annually. All family mem- short circuit). Wet the sur- facilitate rapid exit from a rounding areas and furni- bers must be taught how to ture to prevent the fire from burning house. use the fire extinguisher. The plan should identify spreading. Adults in the family must at least two routes by which Family members should the family can escape via the switch off the main power be instructed to do the fol- lowing in case of a fire out- doors, windows or stair- supply in the event of a fire break: case. caused by short circuit of electrical appliances or de- o Raise the alarm imm- The family should also vices. Never use water to fight a fire caused by elec- diately and evacuate if they pre-determine a safe meet- cannot fight a fire without ing point where they can Dry-powder extinguishers are assemble after evacuation. recommended fot home use. endangering themselves. In case you cannot get out o If the fire is in a room, through the door, designate certain windows as alterna- they should close the door tives for escape. Make sure to contain the smoke and, there is an opening width of thus, check the spread of 20 inches for each window. The windows should not be poisonous fumes. In a more than 44 inches above smoke-filled room, you the floor. should keep low and place a Doors or windows which wet towel around the nose are blocked or nailed shut and mouth to filter the cannot serye as exits. If you have barred windows or smoke. Keep close to the doors, ensure that you can wall so that you will not lose easily find the key to unlock your orientation. them. coolofIffsetfrraothpmeperpdoooinimnatsdrooooofmr,er-xuitnc-tuot 6 cont'd on pg 7

cont'd from pg 6 If tnpped in a room of a burning house, soak ma/r.;rtals and use them to block ofrcracks. the bathroom. Soak bed- sheets, curtains or carpets and use these wet materials to block off any cracks. Fill containers with water to prepare to fight any fire out- break in the room. Then, go to the window to attract the attention ofpassers-by. It is unlikely that you will sur- vive jumping from the sec- ond floor window. So keep calm until help arrives. RE$PIRATORY There are two common PROTECTION types of respiratory equip- ment: the air-purifying re- Some hints for the layman: spirator and the self-con- Vapour and gas remov- fore, they are not recom- tained breathing apparatus. ing respirators mended for use in atmos- Respirators can either fil- These absorb or chemi- phere where the concentra- ter particles or remove cally remove gases and vap- tion of dangerous gases or ours. Some respirators have gases and vapours from the fumes may be high. one or two cartridges at- atmosphere. Or, they can Sometimes, a combina- tached to the facepieces. In be a combination of both. another type of respirator. tion of cartridge and canis- the wearer carries a canister Air-purifying respira- on his back. There is brea- peteasirpnetr.ecIsifaplilryyaotofuorrsrmaarsepsrkausyreiendsg-, tors thing tube leading to the pirator is for emergency es- These are disposable par- facepiece. cape, you must check regu- ticle-filtering respirators larly for the following: The latter is normally which protect againsl coarse 1. Is the facepiece clean? Is particles of low toxity. Also used for emergency escape available in the market are only. However, there are there any crack or hole in respirators with replaceable limitations as the cartridge filters and those which can and canister respirators do the mask? Is there any crack be re-used after cleaning. not protect against oxygen in the lenses? Respirators have some deficiency, dangerous dusts 2. Has the filter reached its limitations, particularly as or mists. Cartridges or expiry date? Did you they do not protect against canisters only protect oxygen deficiency, gases or change it immediately after vapours. They can become against specific types of clogged with particles which use? make breathing difficult. gases or vapours. There- 3. Is there any break or crack in the hose? Are the cont'd on pg E 7

clamps in place and well into the mask whenever the atmosphere filled with I wearer inhales. However, dangerous gases. In this tightened? Are the connec- in the positive-demand res- situation, a positive-de- tors broken or about to pirator, the mask is over- mand valve mask should be used instead. break? pressured all the time. Before using the self-con- 4. Is there anY broken or Sometimes, a long-line tained breathing apparatus, check for the following: missing buckle on the head respirator is used to allow a strap? Is the head straP suff- L. Are the bottles at full iciently elastic and in good greater freedom of move- condition? working pressure? 5. Are the valves clean? Are ment for the wearer and to 2. Is the low-pressure warn- the valve covers and valve provide a larger reservoir of ing whistle working? seats in place? Is there anY air. 3. Is there any leak on the sign that the valves are air system upstream of the However, there are some cracking? demand valve? limitations in the self-con- 4. Is the mask seal tight? Self-contained breath- 5. Is the device for overpre- ing apparatus tained breathing apparatus. ssuring mask on a negative This equipment Provides It carries enough air to last demand respirator func- clean, compressed air from only twenty minutes. tioning? a back-pack cylinder or Moreover, the equipment is MOST people have not cylinders. Exhaled air is ex- bulky and heavy, causing in- heard of the stratosphere, pelled to the atmosphere. convenience to the wearer. commonly known as the ozone layer. It is an atmos- In the negative-demand With the negative-tyPe phere layer that protects liv- demand mask, there is a ing species on earth from respirator, air is introduced possibility of internal leaks highly dangerous solar rad- iations. around the face seal. Thus, it is not suitable for use in an Lately, a lot has been DUST MASKS mentioned about the ozone CHECK layer which is depleting at REGULARLY an alarming rate. Scientists FOR claim that there is an ozone hole over the Arctic region. 8 Concerned governments have met at international forums to discuss the issue. They have suggested mea- sures to be taken to slow down or mitigate the deple- tion. The ozone layer The protective layer con- sists of small concentrations of ozone (hence the name

A self-bontained breathing apparatu{*provides Sometimes, a long-line respirator is used to clean, compressed air from a back-pack cylinder. allow a greater freedom of movement for the user. l: Ihe depletion ol the ozone layer ozone layer). This layer fil- Thus, the layer is in lon gases are mainly used in ters the harmful ultra-violet fire-fighting equipment. rays from the sun. dynamic equilibrium. How- When released into the Ozone is a gas molecule ever, recent research find- atmosphere, CFCs set off comprising three oxygen ings indicate that man-made chemicals donotbreak lead to the breakdown of atoms. When an oxygen gas chemicals have hastened ozone molecules. As these molecule absorbs energy the breaking down process. chemicals do notbreak from the sun, it splits into Chlorofluorocar two oxygen atoms. These down easily, they remain in bons (CFCs) and halons combine with the other oxy- the atmosphere attacking have been identified as the gen molecules to form prime culprits. more'ozone molecules. The ozone. The ozone layer is CFCs are widely used as release of more of these found in the stratosphere, propellant in aerosol chemicals have accelerated 20-40 km above the earth. sprays, refrigerator cool- depletion of the ozone ants and air-conditioning How the ozone layer is units. CFCs are also found layer. destroyed in solvents in the electronic The filtering function Just as iotzoisnealissofobrmeiendg industry and fire extinguish- naturally, of the ozone layer ing chemicals. Blowing broken down by natural The ozone layer does not agents (used for producing block but filters the ultra- forces at similar speed. insulating and packaging materials) also produce the cont'd on pg 10 dangerous chemicals.ri Ha- I

violet rays from the sun. caps and raise the mean sea- problem. Governments of This way, it allows only the water level, causing more many countries have less intense rays to reach the flood problems and inun- ratified the Montreal Pro- earth. These are the rays tocol 1987 for the Protec- wh i c h tan thebody during dating lower regions. sunbathing. The more in- tion of the Ozone Layer. tense and harmful ones are What can be done by The main objective of the the world community absorbed by the ozone Montreal Protocol is to con- The problem of ozone trol the production and use layer, preventing them from layer depletion is a global of substances that affect the reaching the earth where one. Every year, CFCs and ozone layer. Many indus- they could cause the follow- halons are being produced trialised countries in ing problems: and used in increasingly large quantities in many Europe have now gazefted o more incidence of skin countries. As these chemi- regulations to ensure full cancer and cataracts compliance to the Protocol. o damage to the body imm- cals do not disintegrate eas- Shell's contribution in unisation system ily, they would disperse protecting the ozone o lower crop yields widely over time. Thus, the layer o harm simple organisms use of these chemicals by Since the ozone layer such as planktons which any one country will affect play an important role in the the others as well. There- problem arose, Shell Cent- food chain o faster degradation of plas- fore, an international effort ral Office in The Hague has tic and paints. is required to find a solution advised all operating com- The direct entry of sun- to the problem. panies to phase out the use light would also melt the ice The world community at of these chemicals. At the large is concerned about the same time, Shell Research is in the frontline in finding and developing suitable al- ternatives. In Malaysia, Shell has stopped using halons as propellants in some aerosols, such as Shelltox. The 20 km company has also de- veloped policies to ro r, - 9lRlJ9s-PI-ElE- eliminate the use of halons in fire extin- TROPOSPHERE ----o km (sea tevet) - - - guishers' Shell chemical are phasing out the use of CFCs and Halons in an elfort to protect the ozone layer. 10

This could hap en to OU THE ACCIDENT! Dur- 11 ing an outing, the campingin- structor accidentally threw a tin of wciathnnoethderfoeomdpt-y to- gether cans -sultoendtoinaacnaemxppl-ofisrieo.nT, hsihsorwe-- ering hot food on a number of nearby campers. The instruc- tor sustained slight burns on his back. WHY IT HAPPENED: Do not throw on to open fire. '\", The instructor should have known better than to dispose of unopened canned food on to a camp fire. LESSON: Always dispose of cans or bottles by placing them in proper receptacles provided at camp-sites. Al- ternatively, collect such rub- bish for disposal later. Pro- tect the environment for everyone to enjoy. THE ACCIDENT: A grass cutter was using a span- ner to undo the nut of the blade to his machine. During this process, the spanner slip- ped and he sustained cuts on the palm of his right hand. WHY IT HAPPENED: The spanner used was unsuit- able for the job in hand. LESSON: Always use the correct tools for the job. This applies at the work place and at home.

Failure in observing work procedures can lead to accidents, TF{E ACCIDHNT: A mately 3.9 metres, sustaining this job, that is, he was n.-: fractures of both wrists. carpenter was installing a wearing a safety belt. non-load bearing cement WE{V {T S{APPENEf,}: X-&ISS$N: Never becon\" board in a roof attic when he The carpenter failed to exer- complacent when carr\\ rr - cise sufficient safety aware- misjudged his footing and ness whilst carrying out a task out your work. Aluar. '. stepped on the cement board with known risks. He also aware of safety hazards ar.- failed to follow the written always follow the correct p: instead of a walkway. The procedures for carrying out cedures which are prepar.- carpentar tell through the cement board to the floor to protect you from ac-.- below, a height of approxi- dents. 12 Published by The Health, Salety and Environment Committee, in coniunction with the Public Affairs department, Shell Companies in Malaysia, P O Box 11027,50732 Kuala Lumpur. Printed by Ling Wah Press Sdn Bhd

I'' **t &s\":.' Right: The famous pecten of Shell oil com- panies worldwide was inspired by its founder, Marcus Samuel and his love for sea-shells, Above: Chicoreus ramosut the In many other ways, shells have been an inspiration to man. In fact, the relationship is as complex as the wondrous structures that house soft mullusks. largest Indo-Pacific murex, is usually found along the east Charms and amulets In primitive times, man used shells as food, simple tools and jewelry. Even today there are tribal coast of Peninsular Malaysia. groups who believe in the magical powers of certain shells used as charms, amulets and religious sym- bols. Shells have been found in many ancient graves, indicating their symbolic power in the world The aperture has a pinkishtinge beyond. while the rest of the shell is Goddess of love and beauty There is a famous Greek myth relating to the birth of Venus, the goddess of love and beauty, who white in colour. emerged miraculously from a shell. Shells, when used as mysticalsymbolism, hide some sexualovertones. Some ritual dances require -Comftpoamnietstrein collection of Shell the female dancers to wear cowries to enhance their sensual charm. Malaysia. Currency Shells also played an important role in the economic history of mankind. There were many civilisa- tions that used shells as a currency of exchange. Some famous currencies are the sapisapi in New Guinea, the diwara androngointhe Melanesian islands, and the wampum used by the North Amer- ican Indians of the east coast. They may be rare shelis, carved shells or cowries loosely strung t0- gether. 24 BERITA SHELL October 1989

.'.i,,r.'tli,l -,,r,', 'ta-\"= .:#..,\":.= ;;#i:'r.i*,€-rtl Tributes and treasures Rare shells are also used as tributes, precious gifts and heasures. In the 15th century BC, a species oi murexbecame big business for the people of Tyre and Sidon after they discovered a technique to ex- tract purple dye from a mullusk. They used the dye to colour the robes of the Romans who can afford the high prices they commanded. The same can be said today of those who deal in pearls which are in demand. The higher the quality, the higher the prices, Shell art 1. Carrier shell Even more visible is the use o{ shells in art. Throughout the ages, shells have inspired artists and 2. Architectonica perspectiva craftsmen. One famous example is The Birth of Venus, a painting by Botticelli circa 1485, depicting 3. Conus aulicus Venus on a scallop shell. 4. Olive shell Apparently, Leonardo da Vinci modelled France's famous Chateau de Blois staircase after the spiral 5. Harpa articularis structure of a univalve mollusk. 6. Scallops Rembrandt made a detailed etching of Conus marmoreus (Marble Cone)in 1650. However, he for- 7. Cerithium nodulasum got to reverse the drawing of the shell, resulting in a left-handed image when printed. 8. Cypraea argus 9. Vasum ceramicum A worthwhile hobby 1O. Turbo petholatus Man's involvement with shells is as extensive as the variety of shapes, colours and structures of 11. Mitramitra shells. As a hobby, collecting sea-shelis is gaining popularity. Once engaged in the absorbing pas- ,< BERITA SHETL October 1989

time, shell collectors become more aware of the beauty of shells and, more importantly, of their ecological value. It h'as been estimated that there are about 50,000 to 100,000 living species of shells in the world. Some species are found all over the world, and others in some regions only. Malaysia, a paradise for shells The Malaysian seas offer ideal living conditions for shells. However, where shells are concetned, Malaysia can be divided into the east zone and the west zone. Sabah, which belongs to the east zone, has a large variety of shells which are characteristic of that area. On the other harid, there are less shells alonf the weit coast of Peninsular Malaysia which be- longs to the west zone, Where to find shells in MalaYsia Shells can be found in the north, around the Langkawi islands, the meeting point of the Indian Ocean, the Andaman Sea and the Straits of Malacca. Further south, the beachcomber should visit the Bunting islands where there are still well-pre- served oatches of coral reefs. eton'g tfre Straits of Malacca, from Penang to Singapore, there are some shells common to the area: Turban-shells, Indian volutes and Voluta nobilis, Frog shells and Top shells. Snorklers would be interested in the patches ofbeautiful corals found around Pulau Pangkor, Pulau Sembilan and Port Dickson. Some enchanted islands On the east coast of the Peninsula, there are long stretches of sandy coastline and a few islands with magnificent coral reefs. These islands are a must for the lover of marine life:Pulau Tioman, Pulau Aur, Puliu Redang and Pulau Kapas. Interesting corals can also be found around the rocky outcrops along the coast such as the rocks off Kijal in Terengganu. Compared to the west coast, there are certiinly more variety of shells found in the east coast where cowries and cones abound. Crossing the South China Sea, we come to Sarawakwhere there are either sandy coastlines.or.man- groue sr\"amps. There are very few islands or coral reefs in Sarawak and the variety of shells found -[ere is uery na,ro*. Howevel the spectacular long-spiked shells Tibia fusus -can be seen on the beach, depending on the season. Reputedly, the world's best marine life But the lack of shells in Sarawik is made up by Sabah which has, reputedly, the best underwater scenery and marine life in the world. Spectaculai coral reefs can be found around themany islands shetching, offshore, from the Federai Tenitory of Labuan to Kudat. The famous Tunku Abdul Rahman Marine Park is found along this stretch of waters. The region around the Sulu Sea fias the most variety of shells, some of which are exclusive to this area. Thiabundance of shells fourid here has given rise to a shell handicraft industry which is an im- portant revenue earner for Sabahans. Pearls are also cultivated in Sabah for export to Japan. Endangered or getting extinct? -It is ironical that shells are gradually being destroyed by the very ones who admire them human beings. Coral reefs, the natural habitat of marine life, are depleting due to man's activities. While shells and corals are attractive decorations for display shelves, they are far more beautiful to behold underwater. So if you are picking shells or corals, don't take everything. Leave some for your children and your children's children. IHappy collecting! - By profession, Sofiyan Yahya is a mechanical engineu who manages a consultancy in oil and gas, His hobbies ate as variei as his taleng. tiaidu doing research on sea-ihells, Sofiyan also paints and writes poems duting his free time . He is the cartoonist of Tok Glntpuilished in the New Straits Times and Selok Belok rh Utusan Melayu. 26



OIU 'At R OT OEOROL'Y O 10 MILLION N SAFE,TYACI Minister of Trade and Indusrry Y.B. Dato' Seri Rafidah Aziz launch- 4 October was a red-lettered SarawaldSabah ! ing the Shell SMDS project. the Grou day for Sarawak Shell Berhad FIRST and Sabah Shell Petroleum more than 52 million ringgit Company when they achieved annually on safety measures IN THE WORLD 10 million man-hours without a and education. Shell im- Costing 1.8 billion ringgit, the Shell lost-time accident. Middle Distillate Synthesis plant will This was a new safety record for the Shell Group of explora- convert gas into peholeum products. tion and production companies The Shell Middle Distillate unique catalyst developed by worldwide. Synthesis (SMDS) project was Ten million man-hours are officially launched by the toequivalent about 3,000 Minister of Trade and Industry, employees working for more Y.B. Dato' Seri Rafidah Aziz on than 634 days (nearly two 22 August 1989. years) without an accident in- volving the loss of working The launch took place simul- time. taneously with the signing of Given the high risk nature of the Shareholders' Agreement of the project company, Shell upstream operations, espe- MDS (Malaysia) Sdn Bhd, cially at offshore locations, this record was no mean achieve- which will operate a Shell MDS ment for Shell employees. plant in Bintulu. The companies have spent The first gas conversion plant Shell, it will process natural gas A boost is a pictorial presentation of of its kind in the world, the into high-quality liquid hyd- Kuala Lumpur. It haces the Shell MDS will open up new market for Malaysia's natural rocarbons and wax. Although hansformation of Kuala Lum- pur from its humble beginnings gas. The project is shategically the main products will be mid- to CHOGM important as Malaysia's natural dle distillates such as kerosine, as a tin-mining settlement to gas reserues are approximately the plant's products will range Shell Companies in Malaysia the bustling, cosmopolitan city three times as large as its oilre- from low-molecular weight serues. paraffin to waxes. presented the Foreign Ministry The MDS process is an adap- Shell MDS (Malaysia) Sdn. with 2,000 copiesof KualaLum- tation of the classical Fischer- Tropsch technology. Using a Bhd. holds 60 per cent of the pur: Minarets of Old, Visions ol shares. The other three New for distribution as shareholders are Mitsubishi souvenirs to delegates and offi- Corporation of ]apan (20 per cials of the Commonwealth cent), PETRONAS (10 per cent) Heads of Government Meeting and the Sarawak State Govern- which was held in Kuala Lum- ment (10 per cent). pur from October 18-24. The Shell MDS project is ex- Executive Director of Corpo- pected to come onsheam by rate Affairs Mohd. Nizar Idris end 1992. Site preparation work presented the books to Foreign at Bintulu has atlhreead'yoffciocmia-l Minister Y.B. Dato'Abu Has- menced and san Haji Omar at a ceremony ground-breaking ceremony held at the Ming CourtHotel on 17August. took place on 3 November. Foreign Minister Y.B. Dato'Abu Sponsored by Shell, the book rector of Corporate Affairs Mohd. Niza'l book. 2E BERITA SHELL October 1989

HTIOGTHOLOI'GOH'TOS YIAN.HOURS Enters the new Advanced TIEVEMENT Shelltox ... ihell breaks world record among Safety cap and spray system are its unique feafures rp's upstream companies. \"We've made it!\" man-days for all employees, Strong and powerful...Malek Tiram Kimia launched the new Advanced Shelltox Safety plemented exhaustive safety onshore and offshore. Noor reflecting the attributes of Pack at Shell House in Kuala education programmes which the Advanced Shelltox. amounted to more than 11,000 Lumpur on 13 October. it is today. Refinery's safety Launched simultaneously was milestone The hard-cover book was a new advertising campaign produced by the late Peter featuring Malaysian strong Chay and published by Foto man Malek Noor, a personality Teknik Sdn Bhd. who reflects the attributes of More than one thousand 4,44 million man-hours and six the new product. people gathered at the Shell calendar years without lost- Introduced without any price Sports Club in Port Dickson on time injury. increase, the aerosol pack 15 |uly to celebrate an import- ant achievement: The refinery The crowd, comprising Shell comes with a safety cap, the clocked one million man-hours first of its kind in the pesticide of work without a single losl employees and their families as industry. It was developed by time injury. well as contractstafl celebrated the joyous occasion with food, Tiram Kimia after a two-yearre- The record, which was games and entertainment. search and development prog- achieved on 4 April this year, In conjunction with the was the result of concerted ef- ramme. fort from all employees. If not celebrations, Manufacfuring for a losttime accident which Incorporated into the new Manager Alex Holst launched a happened on 17 September, the road safety campaign with the cap is a specially designed theme \"Road Safety Begins at refinery would have worked Home\". spray system. It has an on-off safety lock device to prevent ac- cidental spraying, especially by children. The Advanced Shelltox does not contain any chlorof- lourocarbons and is thus not harmful to the environment. The new Advanced Shelltox and other consumer products of Tiram Kimia will be distri- buted by the recently-formed Tiram Marketing (Malaysia) Sdn Bhd, a specialist consumer products marketing company. lii Omar (left) and Shell Executive Di- bis with an enlarged version of the BERITA SHELL October 1989 29

Yang patut ditanya bukan apa yang boleh anda buat untuk komputer ... TETAPI APAYANG MPTJTERBOLEH BWUI{TUK AI{NA peristiwa satu: sambil trftlil'J:ilh memegang telefon hotel, Sebagai pemimpin pasaran dalam perniagaan minyak, Shell sentiasa memberi perhatian kepada inovasi komputer, supaya tangan anda yang sebelah lagi sedang membetulkan komputer perniagaannya dapat dijalankan dengan lebih menguntungkan' riba. Apabila panggilan disambungkan, anda meninggalkan pesa- Sungguhpun proses pengkomputeran tidak selalunya berialan nan elektronik untuk setiausaha anda : \"Tolong penuhkan angka- lancar, namun be$tu Shell tidak akan mundur ke belakang. angkanya dan kembalikan dokumen itu ke rak masuk mel elektron saya sebelum mesyuarat pukul9 pagi.\" Kepayahan dan pengorbanan Dengan begitu besarnya tumpuan yang diberi kepada teknologi Peristiwa Dua: Anda sedang merangka suatu perianjian yang amat penting. Anda memerlukan maklumat daripada dokumen- maklumat, seseorang mungkin mempercayai bahawa kom dokumen terdahulu yang dibuat di sebuah pejabat cawangan, be- ratus-ratus batu jauhnya. Anda menekan beberapa kekunci pada puter 'perkasa' itu menjadikan kerla penggunanya sungguh komputer. Dalam sekejap masa saja, dokumen yang anda mahu itu muncul di kaca komputer. senang. Iklan-iklan penjual menjaniikan penyelesaian segera kepada Sempadan teknologi Contoh-contoh ini bukanlah lagi khayalan semata-mata. Hasil masalah perniagaan tanpa membentangkan gambaran penuh. inovasi komputer, maka impian masa lalu sudah menjadi kenya- Hakikatnya ialah: kemudahan yang dibawa oleh komputer itu taan masa kini dan peluang masa depan. Dekak-dekak atau mesin kira akauntan. Pisau lipat dan'cow mahal harganya, gum'pelukis. Mesin taip dan mesin stensil setiausaha. Di Shell, Kejayaan aturcara bukan saja bergantung kepada kakitangan semua ini sedang pesat digantikan dengan alatalat yang lebih teknikal tetapi juga kepada penggunanya. ]arang perubahan itu . disambut dengan tangan terbuka. Proses pengkomputeran sering -handal komputer. menghendaki pengguna mengubah cara dan sikap kerja. Kenalah Operasi Shell sungguh luas, meliputi Malaysia dan seluruh pengguna itu berusaha menguasai kemahiran baru setiap kali dunia. Lagi pun, perusahaan minyak bergantung kepada tek- aturcara ditingkatkan. nologi tinggr. Maka keperluan untuk memperoleh maklumat dan menguruskannya denfan baik begitu besar sekali. Dalam zaman Banyak kerja, masa dan wang perlu dicurahkan dalam usaha maklumat kini, syarikat yang berupaya memPerolehi maklumat tepat, yang penting bagi membuat keputusan yang betul, mem mencipta sesuatu aturcara yang mesti diuji berkali-kali punyai kelebihan dari segi persaingan. sehinggalah kelancarannya terbukti. Kesilapan boleh berlaku dan akibatnya menjengkelkan hati. Itulah sebabnya komitmen pengguna sangat-sangat mustahak dari mula hingga tamatnya projek. Pengguna mesti menetapkan bagaimanakah komputer boleh membanfu mencapai matlamat peiniagaan dan mesti memberi input mereka di peringkat Peran- cangan, pombangunan dan perlaksanaan. Walaupun aturcara 30 BERITA SHEtt Okbber 1989

telah diterima, tetapi pengguna mestilah sanggup menjalani lati- han dan mengamalkan kemahiran mereka sehingga dapat men- guasai aturcara kemas siap itu. Keberkesanan perniagaan Untuj< menghasilkan aturcara cekap tanpa masalah amatlah rumit. Namun begitu pengkomputeran merupakan suatu proses yang berterusan di Shell kerana, jika diuruskan dengan sem- purna, manfaatnya jauh mengatasi kos yang terlibat. Sesungguhnya komputer suatu ikhtiar unfuk mencapai sesuatu tujua1: untuk kejayaan perniagaan. Oleh itu komputer mestilah memberi sumbangan yang bererti kepada keuntungin. Ukuran ini sentiasa digunakan untuk mewajarkan pelaburan dalam kompu- ter. . Keljyqn menjadi aset yang tidak ternilai bagi komputer yang juga boleh menyimpan jumlah.data yang banyak, menganilisil data ini serta menyelaku (simulasi) pilihan, Peiubahan 6oleh di- buat dalam masa beberapa saat. Peningkatan teknologi Stesen kerja LANDMARK membantu kakitangan operasi pencariga- Hasil usaha yang tidak pernah mengenalpenat lelah, komputer lian mentafsirkan data sismik 2-D dan 3-D dengan Iebih cepat dan tepat. meja dan komputer riba telah mengambil tempat komputer antik yang berat. Kini.komputer bukan saja menggunakan ruang yang Stesen keria dan kerangka utama kurang dan berharga kurang, tetapi juga 6erganda-gandi iebifr Biasanya komputer peribadi digunakan secara'bersendirian' handal. Maka tidak hairanlah jika komputer peribadi semakin atau dihubungkan kepada komputer yang lebih besar seperti popular di Shell sejak lewat tahuntahun 70-an. kerangka utama dan minikomputer supaya menjadi seperti stesen Satu lagr sebab yang telah melonjak kedudukan komputer ke kerja. atau pangkalan. Komputer peribadi juga boieh disam- tahapnya sekarang ialah garis kabui di antara komputeidengan bungkan antara satu sama lain melalui Rangkaian l(hwasan Tem- telekomunikasi. Ini bermakna komputer boleh disambunglan patan (LAN). \\.pu4q telefon melalui modem, lantas memungkinkan fail\"atau Komputer kerangka utama dan stesen kerja adalah alatalat data dihantar ke segenap pelusok dunia. yang handal untuk kerja yang lebih mencabar. Sistem ini melahir- kan persekitaran komputer bersepadu di mana pengguna boleh Kedatangan komputer peribadi mencapai pelbagai rupa afurcara. .Sebelum kedatangan komputer peribadi, kerja menyusun data Perbezaan yang nyata adalah menjemukan dan mengambil masa berbulan-bulan untuk siap. Data itu mungkin saja usang sebelum kerja penyusunan ter- Penggunaan komputer dalam syarikat sektor Huluan dan syarikat sektor Hiliran nyata berbeia lantaran berbezanya jenis sebut selesai. Tetapi kini dengan adanya kompuier peribadi, helaian paparan dapat dihasilkan dalam masa bebirapa jlm man- fuja. pmyrynya komputer sektor Huluan lebih menimpung akalaperubahan boleh dibuat dalam masa beberapa^sait. Begrtu kerja teknikal dan saintifik, manakala komputer sektor Hilirin dil juga dengan bidang-bidang lain yang diambil alih oleh kompu\"ter. gunakan unfuk keperluan pemasaran dan pengautomatan tempat Hasil peningkgtan teknologi, semakin banyak komputer kerja, peribadi mengamlil tempat di meja kakitangan Shell. Bilangannya Bagaimanapun, kedua-dua jurusan itu telah mendapati kompu- kini 1,100 buah di seluruh syarikat. ter tekap dalam bidang-bidang kerla yang sana se'pdearnti Hasil. pening$tan teknologi, semakin banyak komputer perakaunan, pentadbiran pejabat, penilaian p:l!u9it.rg.ambil tempat di mija kakitangan Shell. Bilangannya ekonomi kini 1,100 buah di seluruh syarikat. komunikasi pemiagaan. . Komputer peribadi digunakan untuk penilaian ekonomi dan . Projek-projek yang mencabar, dirumitkan lagi oleh masalah kewangani pemodelan insurans dan pencukaian, perancangan komunikasi berpunca daripada jarak alam, menimbulkan keper- korporat pemprosesan kata, pengurusan data' dan fug -luan untuk membina rangkaian komputer yang handal terdiri _ daripada mikrokomputer, kerangka utama' dari kemudahan tele- menyelaku (simulasi) pilihan bagr menjalankan kilang penapis komunikasi. Berikut ialah contoh beberapa sistem bersepadu secara optimum. utama yang digunakan di Shell. Di Shelljuga boleh didapati pakej rekabentuk terbantu kompu- Sektor Huluan: mengeiar masa ter yang digunakan untuk membuat bentangan grafik, melukis pelan dan unfuk menghasilkan penerbitan syari[at dan bahan- . Dalam.op.erasi sektor Huluan pakar geologi, pencarigali, bahan penyampaian, jurugerudi dan_ jurutera petroleum sangaf berglntung kepada Memandangkan permintaan perkakasan, perisian dan juga J<oppr1t9r untuk menyimpan dan mendapatkembali dita tekni- pengguna semakin bertambah, maka Pusat Maklumat telafi d'i- kal. Oleh sebab komputer sangat sesuai untuk kerja penyelakuan tubuhhkan untuk memberikan perkhidmatan kepada pengguna komputer di Shell. (simulasi), ia sering digunakan sebagai alat untuk membuat keputusan teknikal. BERITA SHEtt Oktober 1989

Sejak Kontrak Perkongsian Pengeluaran, ditandatangani, di manu Sh.ll *eniadi kontriktor kepada PETRONAS, syarikat men- ghadapi satu ligi cabaran, menimukan minyak dalam jangka masa yang terhad. Banfuan unfuk Pencarigali Untuk membantu kakitangan carigali bekerja lebih pantas, Sarawak Shell Berhad (SSB)1elah memasang dua stesen kerja SIDIS dan tiga stesen kerja LANDMARK-yang menolong mentaf- sir data seisirik 2-D dan a-O teUin cepat dan cekap' Komputer canggih unfuk iurutera peholeum Dua tahun lilu, SSB memperkenalkan aturcara diberi nama ICEPE (Persekitaran Komputir Bersepadu untuk Jurutera Pet- roleum). ICEPE mempercepat kerja penyelakuan (simulasi) telaga dan pengiraan simpanan minYak. Alat baru untuk iurugerudi IrCaaEnPEsim- paalnaat nyamnginymaekm. percepatkan penYelakuan telaga dan pengi- )urugerudi turut mempunyai alat baru: iaitu AZIMUIH yang ryl]ini(Fungsi Maklumat mula-mula berusaha memahami mat' tetitca'ini dipasang di sleseir kerja sebaga! ujian Palqu .uniuk hma[ perniagaan syarikat. Untuk kita menolong menyelaiu penggerudian telaga demi menghindarkan pelanggaran. meneetahui biqaimanakah teknologi maklumat boleh menlokong keierluan pengguna sektor huluan seperti Hubungan komunikasi tengah laut dan atas darat )ahli-ahli caiigali, iurutera peholeum dan operator' Tidak kuran[ ^pesnutiangtunyraandgaklaamiaonpekroamsiuHnuikluaasni ialah usaha _ pengurus Maklumat Joop Rlnders, sarawak shell Berhad/sabah shell Pet- membangunkair bagi . men- roleum Company Limited. ghubungian operasi tengah laut antara satu sama lain dan dengan Maklumat Pemasaran di huiung iati pejabat di darat. Dengan hanya menekan butang, seorang eksekutif pemasaran Sektor Hiliran: perlunya tindakan pantas di Sheflboleh mencapai maklumat penting mengenaisegala rekod pelanggan, seperti iualan harian, kedudukan kredit dan hasil Perniagaan, termasuk perniagaan minyak sentiasa bersaing' Ser- jualan. ingkalikeiayaan sesuaiu pemiagaan bergantung kepada.keputu- Komputer bukan sekadar menyimpan dan mencapai pangkalan tui yung iepat. Unruk membuat keputusan ini anda perlu mem- data tefnikal, tetapi jugp mengawas bahan dan aduan mengenai -punyai segala maklumat berkaitan dengan cepatl perkhidmatan atau ba-iangan. Komputu juga boleh mencapai inaklumat yang tersimpan dalam komputer di Pejabat Pusat Lon- don. MIDAS unfuk Pemasaran MIDAS, pertama kali dipasang di-Kuching pada tahun 1989, *u,opukrn pembaruan aiurcara sebelumnya iaitu MOTAS' D ,r*ping ituia mempunyai keupayaan mengawas kawalan stok dan'meiyemak kedudukin kredit felanggan sebelum pesanan di- terima. Program MOTAS yang digunakan oleh depoh Shell di Brickfields ('Perancangan Maklumat haruslah digerakkan oleh pernia- tidak lama lagi akan diganti dengan MIDAS yang mempunyai kemudahan tambahan untuk mengawasi pengawalan stok dan gaan. fabitan komputer mempunyai petanan untuk menyemak kedudukan kredit pelanggan sebelum pesanan diterima' irenolong pengguna iedar apa kerjayang boleh dan tidak 32 boleh diiuat olih komputer. Sebaliknya pula, pengguna harus tahu apa yang mereka hendak. Mereka perlu ber' tanya sama ada belania melaksanakan afurcara komputer setimpal dengan pulangan perniagaan.) - Alan Mawdsley, Pengurus Petkhidmatan MaHumat dan Komputer, Syarikat'syaikat Kumpulan Shell di Malaysia. BERITA SHETL Okbber 19E9

Kawalan kredit lebih mantap WAN (Rangkaian Kawasan Luar) Tahun.lalu, Lejar ]ualan: Millenium (SL:M) diperkenalkan bagi memudahkan kawalan kredit dan menyampaikan keduduka\"n . Pelengkap kepada LAN ialah WAN, yang akan menyam- kredit pelanggan yang kemaskini kepadadepbt dan juga jabatan pemasaran. bungkan_komputr di pelantar tengah laut dan lokasi terpeniil ke pejabat di darat. WAN juga akan mewujudkan hubungin antara Menyimpan akaun ibu pelabat Kuala Lumpur dengan pejabat Lutong. Di Semenan- Jabatan-jabatan Kewangan sektor Huluan dan juga Hiliran san- jung Malaysiu, ryAry tehh pun dipasang untuk menghubungkan gat bergantung kepada komputer untuk menyimpan akaun. ibu pejabat, pejabat kawasan dan iapak kerja. ..Suatu ciri istimewa perakaunan sektor Hiliran iilah projek yang diberi nama DCRIS (Sistem Maklumat Melapor Kos Settoi Hitiran) MAN (Rangkaian Kawasan Bergerak) Diadakan untuk membaikpulih keseluruhan sistem maklumat Tinggal satu lagi masalah untuk diselesaikan. Bagaimanakah kewangan sektor Hiliran, projek tersebut telah melaksanakan pengguna komputer di atas kapal bergerak dapat meniapai WAN? Lejar ]ualan, Hutang Belum Bayar dan Aset Tetap, Hanya Lejar Di sinilah peranan MAN, yakni sistem komunikasi berasaskan radio yang menghubungkan operasi tengah laut Shell dengan per- Am saja yang tinggal untuk disiapkan. DCRIS juga ber^ khidmatan komputer di Lutong. tanggungjawab melaksanakan MARS iaitu suatu sistem statistik ,.-#;l#ffi*,Akhbar etekkonik bersepadu penuh di pemasaran yang baru. Shell menawarkan banyak kemungkinan menarik kepida peng- - Dengari pemasangan perkakasan komunikasi, maka pejabat gunl Sgtu contoh ialali SEBIR (Siitem Buletin dan Dapat-keri- kawasan dan tapak kerja boleh mencapai maklumat yangieisim- pan di ibu pejabat di Kuala Lumpur. bali Elekhonik Shell). Videoteks akan memberi pengguna mak- Projek perjawatan bersama unfuk memaksimumkan sumber lumat mengenai jadual penerbangan, nombor telelon-kicemasan, .Satu bidang berpotensi bagi penggunaan komputer sepunya ialah di jabatan Perjawatan Huluan dan Hiliran. Untuk mengop- diari pengurusan, angka pengeluaran asas, stafistik syarikat dan timumkan- penggunaan sumber, kedua-dua jabatan itu sedang laporan kemajuan mengenai pelbagai projek. meninjau kemungkinan membangunkan suatu sistem rekod per- Mel elekhon: Pedulikan setem, posmen dan pejabat pos, Surat- jawatan sepunya. menyurat boleh ditaip dan dihantar dari komputer kepada kom- puter terus, dalam beberapa saat saja! Telah dikenalpasti bahawa kehendak-kehendak mereka adalah Sidang cara komputer: Persamaan elektronik bagi mesyuarat ber- serupa. ?encarian telah bermula urtuk mendapatkan safu pekej semuka di kalangan pengguna seluruh dunia, Ini terbukti sangat yang boleh memenuhi kehendak-kehendak ini. berguna dalam pertukaran buah fikiran di dalam Kumpulan Shell. \"Kejaran Kertas\" dan rintisan kertas seiauh 14 km Pemfailan optik: Kajian kemungkinan ini dijalankan oleh ibu Menurut anggaran Sarawak Shell Berhad, jika semua dokumen pejabat di Kuala Lumpur dan pejabat di tutong. Melalui pem- failan optik, pengguna boleh mendapat-kembali imej dokumen {ailnya diatur ia akan menjadi rintisan sejauh 14 kilometer. Menurut perhitungan Bangunan Shell di Kuala Lumpur pula, berkenaan melalui komputer masing-masing. dalam suatu urusan 'Kejaran Kertas'baru-baru ini, kerias-kirtas Perkampungan Sejagat Shell berlebihan mencapai hampir 20 tan setahun! Sebagai memanfaatkan sistem bersepadu, semua komputer peribadi akhirnya akan dihubungkan supaya pengguna boleh ber- Jadi wajar dipersoal: bagaimanakah sesebuah organisasi dapat kongsi perisian dan mencapai maklumai simpanan pusat. mengawaljumlah kertas pejabat yang semakin bertambah? Persepaduan komputer, apabila saja tercapai di seluruh negara, iika diuruskan dengan sempurna, pekaj mel elektron boleh akan menjadi asas untuk peringkat seterusnya: persepaduan de- menjadi sebahagian jawapan oleh sebab komputer boleh diguna- ngan rangkaian antarabangsa Shell. kan untuk menyimpan dan mendapat-kembali maklumat. Ini Pejabat Pusat Shell sekarang sedang melaksanakan SINS (Per- mengurangkan jumlah aliran kertas. khidmatan Rangkaian Antarabangsa Shell) yang akan men- LAN, WAN dan MAN ke arah persekitaran bersepadu ghubungkan syarikat-syarikat operasi Shell di serata dunia. Akan tetapi sebelum perlaksanaan seluruh negara boleh ber- laku, suatu infrastruktur sepunya mestilah dibina. Shell meran- Apabila hubungan ini terbentuk, 'opcos' Shell syarikatsyarikat cang hendak mengadakan tiga jenis rangkaian yang akan menjadi asas bagi pengguna dari pelbagai lokasi mempunyai capaian operasi Shell di seluruh dunia akan saling menerima berita segera. dalam talian kepada komputer kerangka utama. Perkampungan sejagat Shell akan menjadi kenyataan tidak LAN (Rangkaian Kawasan Tempatan) lama lagi, Satu jenis ialah LAN yang dipasang di bangunan pejabat. De- ngan ini komputer peribadi boleh dihubungkan kepada satu kom- puter kerangka utama atau lebih. Pembinaan pejabat baru di Lutong memberikan kesempatan kepada SSB untuk menyegerak pembangunan rangkaian dengan peringkatperingkat pembi- naan. BERIA SHEtt Oktober 1989 33