Bản Án Chế Độ Thực Dân Pháp – Hồ Chí Minh

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Thue\u00e1 ma\u00f9 na\u00ebng ne\u00e0 kho\u00e2ng pha\u00fbi ch\u00e6 \u00f1a\u00f9nh va\u00f8o ruo\u00e4ng \u00f1a\u00e1t, va\u00f8o su\u00f9c va\u00e4t va\u00f8 va\u00f8o nam gi\u00f4\u00f9i ma\u00f8 tho\u00e2i, ma\u00f8 ca\u00f9i \u00f4n m\u00f6a mo\u00f9c (!) a\u00e1y co\u00f8n t\u00f6\u00f4\u00f9i ro\u00e4ng ra cho ca\u00fb n\u00f6\u00f5 gi\u00f4\u00f9i n\u00f6\u00f5a: \u201cNhie\u00e0u phu\u00ef n\u00f6\u00f5 ba\u00fbn x\u00f6\u00f9 kho\u00e1n kho\u00e5, pha\u00fbi mang na\u00ebng go\u00e2ng xie\u00e0ng \u00f1i que\u00f9t \u00f1\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8ng ch\u00e6 v\u00ec mo\u00e4t to\u00e4i la\u00f8 kho\u00e2ng no\u00e4p no\u00e5i thue\u00e1\u201d. Trong ta\u00e1t ca\u00fb nh\u00f6\u00f5ng co\u00e1 ga\u00e9ng cu\u00fba ca\u00f9c nha\u00f8 khai ho\u00f9a nha\u00e8m la\u00f8m cho no\u00f8i gio\u00e1ng An Nam la\u00f8nh ma\u00efnh h\u00f4n va\u00f8 \u00f1\u00f6a ho\u00ef le\u00e2n con \u00f1\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8ng tie\u00e1n bo\u00e4 (?), pha\u00fbi ke\u00e5 \u00f1e\u00e1n vie\u00e4c c\u00f6\u00f4\u00f5ng b\u00f6\u00f9c mua r\u00f6\u00f4\u00efu ty. Kho\u00e2ng sao ke\u00e5 xie\u00e1t ta\u00e1t ca\u00fb s\u00f6\u00ef nhu\u00f5ng la\u00efm chung quanh vie\u00e4c ba\u00f9n r\u00f6\u00f4\u00efu, mo\u00e4t th\u00f6\u00f9 thuo\u00e1c \u00f1o\u00e4c du\u00f8ng \u00f1e\u00e5 pha che\u00e1 the\u00e1 na\u00f8o cho ng\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8i ta nuo\u00e1t tro\u00e2i \u00f1\u00f6\u00f4\u00efc ca\u00f9i mo\u00f9n \u201cda\u00e2n chu\u00fb\u201d. Tre\u00e2n kia chu\u00f9ng to\u00e2i \u00f1a\u00f5 no\u00f9i ro\u00f5 ra\u00e8ng \u00f1e\u00e5 nuo\u00e2i be\u00f9o bo\u00efn ca\u00f9 ma\u00e4p \u00f4\u00fb ch\u00ednh quo\u00e1c, ca\u00f9i ch\u00ednh phu\u00fb \u00f1a\u00e0y to\u00e4i a\u00f9c \u00f4\u00fb \u00d1o\u00e2ng D\u00f6\u00f4ng \u00f1a\u00f5 cho phe\u00f9p bo\u00efn to\u00e2i t\u00f4\u00f9 cu\u00fba no\u00f9 ba\u00e9t \u00f1a\u00f8n ba\u00f8, tre\u00fb con kho\u00e2ng uo\u00e1ng r\u00f6\u00f4\u00efu cu\u00f5ng pha\u00fbi mua r\u00f6\u00f4\u00efu. Muo\u00e1n la\u00f8m v\u00f6\u00f8a y\u00f9 bo\u00efn \u00f1o\u00e4c quye\u00e0n, ng\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8i ta \u00f1a\u00ebt ra nh\u00f6\u00f5ng lua\u00e4t le\u00e4 \u00f1e\u00e5 tr\u00f6\u00f8ng tr\u00f2 vie\u00e4c na\u00e1u va\u00f8 buo\u00e2n r\u00f6\u00f4\u00efu la\u00e4u; ng\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8i ta \u00f1a\u00ebt le\u00e2n \u00f1a\u00e0u ng\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8i da\u00e2n ba\u00fbn x\u00f6\u00f9 ca\u00fb mo\u00e4t lo\u00e2 \u00f1u\u00fb th\u00f6\u00f9 h\u00ecnh pha\u00eft; ng\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8i ta ca\u00e1p vu\u00f5 kh\u00ed cho nha\u00e2n vie\u00e2n nha\u00f8 \u00f1oan. 153","Bo\u00efn na\u00f8y co\u00f9 quye\u00e0n xo\u00e2ng xa\u00f9o va\u00f8o nha\u00f8 c\u00f6\u00fba, ruo\u00e4ng v\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8n cu\u00fba t\u00f6 nha\u00e2n. Chu\u00f9ng ta h\u00f4i la\u00e1y la\u00f8m nga\u00efc nhie\u00e2n \u2013 ma\u00f8 ke\u00e5 cu\u00f5ng \u00f1u\u00f9ng nga\u00efc nhie\u00e2n tha\u00e4t \u2013 khi tha\u00e1y ca\u00fbnh binh gia\u00fbi ve\u00e0 Ha\u00f8 No\u00e4i hay Ha\u00fbi Pho\u00f8ng t\u00f6\u00f8ng \u00f1oa\u00f8n o\u00e2ng gia\u00f8, phu\u00ef n\u00f6\u00f5 co\u00f9 mang, tre\u00fb con, c\u00f6\u00f9 hai ng\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8i tro\u00f9i chung mo\u00e4t da\u00e2y, \u00f1e\u00e5 tra\u00fb l\u00f4\u00f8i ve\u00e0 to\u00e4i vi pha\u00efm lua\u00e4t le\u00e4 th\u00f6\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh. \u201cNh\u00f6ng the\u00e1 cu\u00f5ng ch\u00f6a tha\u00e1m g\u00ec so v\u00f4\u00f9i nh\u00f6\u00f5ng vie\u00e4c xa\u00fby ra \u00f4\u00fb ca\u00f9c t\u00e6nh, nha\u00e1t la\u00f8 \u00f4\u00fb Trung Ky\u00f8; \u00f4\u00fb \u00f1a\u00e1y vie\u00e2n co\u00e2ng s\u00f6\u00f9 ke\u00e1t a\u00f9n va\u00f8 bo\u00fb tu\u00f8 ha\u00f8ng loa\u00eft, gia\u00f8 tre\u00fb, \u00f1a\u00f8n o\u00e2ng, \u00f1a\u00f8n ba\u00f8\u201d. Ta\u00f9c gia\u00fb \u00f1oa\u00efn va\u00ean tre\u00e2n ta\u00fb \u00f1a\u00f9m tha\u00e2n quye\u00e1n cu\u00fba ho\u00ef \u00f4\u00fb co\u00e5ng nha\u00f8 lao nh\u00f6 sau: \u201cO\u00c2ng gia\u00f8, \u00f1a\u00f8n ba\u00f8, tre\u00fb con, ta\u00e1t ca\u00fb \u00f1a\u00f9m ng\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8i a\u00e1y \u00f1e\u00e0u ba\u00e5n th\u00e6u, ra\u00f9ch r\u00f6\u00f4\u00f9i, ma\u00ebt mu\u00f5i ho\u00e1c ha\u00f9c, ma\u00e9t \u00f1o\u00fb nga\u00e0u le\u00e2n v\u00ec so\u00e1t; tre\u00fb con b\u00f2 lo\u00e2i theo v\u00ec nga\u00e9n cha\u00e2n b\u00f6\u00f4\u00f9c kho\u00e2ng k\u00f2p. Ta\u00e1t ca\u00fb ca\u00f9i \u00f1a\u00f9m ng\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8i \u00f1a\u00f5 kie\u00e4t s\u00f6\u00f9c a\u00e1y mang theo \u00f1u\u00fb mo\u00efi th\u00f6\u00f9: no\u00f9n, qua\u00e0n a\u00f9o ra\u00f9ch, c\u00f4m na\u00e9m, \u00f1u\u00fb th\u00f6\u00f9 th\u00f6\u00f9c a\u00ean, \u00f1e\u00e5 le\u00f9n trao cho ng\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8i b\u00f2 can, la\u00f8 cha, la\u00f8 cho\u00e0ng, la\u00f8 tru\u00ef co\u00e4t cu\u00fba gia \u00f1\u00ecnh, va\u00f8 ha\u00e0u nh\u00f6 luo\u00e2n luo\u00e2n la\u00f8 chu\u00fb gia \u00f1\u00ecnh\u201d. Ta\u00e1t ca\u00fb nh\u00f6\u00f5ng \u00f1ie\u00e0u ma\u00f8 ng\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8i ta \u00f1a\u00f5 co\u00f9 the\u00e5 no\u00f9i ra va\u00e3n co\u00f8n \u00f4\u00fb d\u00f6\u00f4\u00f9i m\u00f6\u00f9c s\u00f6\u00ef tha\u00e4t. Ch\u00f6a co\u00f9 bao gi\u00f4\u00f8, \u00f4\u00fb mo\u00e4t n\u00f6\u00f4\u00f9c na\u00f8o ma\u00f8 ng\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8i ta la\u00efi vi pha\u00efm mo\u00efi quye\u00e0n la\u00f8m ng\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8i mo\u00e4t ca\u00f9ch da\u00f5 man, \u00f1o\u00e4c a\u00f9c tra\u00e9ng tr\u00f4\u00efn \u00f1e\u00e1n the\u00e1. Kho\u00e2ng pha\u00fbi ch\u00e6 co\u00f9 nh\u00f6\u00f5ng cuo\u00e4c kha\u00f9m nha\u00f8 ha\u00f8ng loa\u00eft, lie\u00e2n tu\u00efc, ma\u00f8 co\u00f8n co\u00f9 nh\u00f6\u00f5ng cuo\u00e4c kha\u00f9m xe\u00f9t tha\u00e2n the\u00e5 ng\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8i ba\u00fbn x\u00f6\u00f9 ba\u00e1t ke\u00e5 \u00f4\u00fb cho\u00e3 na\u00f8o, ba\u00e1t ke\u00e5 la\u00f8 nam hay n\u00f6\u00f5! Nha\u00e2n vie\u00e2n nha\u00f8 \u00f1oan va\u00f8o nha\u00f8 ng\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8i ba\u00fbn x\u00f6\u00f9, ba\u00e9t \u00f1a\u00f8n ba\u00f8, con ga\u00f9i c\u00f4\u00fbi he\u00e1t a\u00f9o qua\u00e0n tr\u00f6\u00f4\u00f9c ma\u00ebt chu\u00f9ng, va\u00f8 khi ho\u00ef \u00f1a\u00f5 tra\u00e0n truo\u00e0ng nh\u00f6 154","nho\u00e4ng th\u00ec chu\u00f9ng gi\u00f4\u00fb tro\u00f8 da\u00e2m \u00f1a\u00f5ng ky\u00f8 qua\u00ebc \u00f1e\u00e1n m\u00f6\u00f9c \u00f1em ca\u00fb con da\u00e1u nha\u00f8 \u00f1oan \u00f1o\u00f9ng le\u00e2n ng\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8i ho\u00ef. O\u00c2i! H\u00f4\u00f5i nh\u00f6\u00f5ng ng\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8i me\u00ef, nh\u00f6\u00f5ng ng\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8i v\u00f4\u00ef, nh\u00f6\u00f5ng ng\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8i phu\u00ef n\u00f6\u00f5 Pha\u00f9p, ch\u00f2 em ngh\u00f3 g\u00ec ve\u00e0 t\u00ecnh tra\u00efng \u00f1o\u00f9? Va\u00f8 ca\u00f9c ba\u00efn, nh\u00f6\u00f5ng ng\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8i con, nh\u00f6\u00f5ng ng\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8i cho\u00e0ng, nh\u00f6\u00f5ng anh em ng\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8i Pha\u00f9p n\u00f6\u00f5a? Co\u00f9 pha\u00fbi \u00f1o\u00f9 la\u00f8 phe\u00f9p l\u00f2ch s\u00f6\u00ef cu\u00fba ng\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8i Pha\u00f9p \u00f1a\u00f5 b\u00f2 \u201cth\u00f6\u00efc da\u00e2n ho\u00f9a\u201d \u00f1i kho\u00e2ng nh\u00e6? Nhie\u00e4t t\u00ecnh cu\u00fba ng\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8i An Nam \u00f1o\u00e1i v\u00f4\u00f9i ne\u00e0n gia\u00f9o du\u00efc hie\u00e4n \u00f1a\u00efi la\u00f8m cho ch\u00ednh phu\u00fb ba\u00fbo ho\u00e4 lo s\u00f4\u00ef. B\u00f4\u00fbi the\u00e1, ch\u00ednh phu\u00fb \u00f1o\u00f9ng c\u00f6\u00fba ca\u00f9c tr\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8ng la\u00f8ng, bie\u00e1n tr\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8ng ho\u00efc tha\u00f8nh chuo\u00e0ng ng\u00f6\u00efa cho ca\u00f9c quan nha\u00f8 binh, \u00f1uo\u00e5i ho\u00efc tro\u00f8 va\u00f8 bo\u00fb tu\u00f8 tha\u00e0y gia\u00f9o. Mo\u00e4t co\u00e2 gia\u00f9o ba\u00fbn x\u00f6\u00f9 \u00f1a\u00f5 b\u00f2 ba\u00e9t gia\u00fbi ve\u00e0 t\u00e6nh l\u00ee, co\u00e5 \u00f1eo go\u00e2ng, \u00f1a\u00e0u ph\u00f4i tra\u00e0n d\u00f6\u00f4\u00f9i a\u00f9nh na\u00e9ng nh\u00f6 thie\u00e2u \u00f1o\u00e1t. Mo\u00e4t vie\u00e2n cha\u00f9nh qua\u00fbn pha\u00f9o binh, \u00f1a\u00f5 \u00f1o\u00e1t nha\u00f8 mo\u00e4t phu\u00ef n\u00f6\u00f5 An Nam, v\u00ec ng\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8i a\u00e1y kho\u00e2ng ch\u00f2u tie\u00e1p ha\u00e9n va\u00f8o lu\u00f9c n\u00f6\u00fba \u00f1e\u00e2m. Mo\u00e4t vie\u00e2n quan hai co\u00f9 nhie\u00e0u v\u00f4\u00ef \u00f1a\u00f5 qua\u00e4t nga\u00f5 mo\u00e4t thie\u00e1u phu\u00ef An Nam va\u00f8 du\u00f8ng ga\u00e4y song \u00f1a\u00f9nh ch\u00f2 \u00f1e\u00e1n che\u00e1t ch\u00e6 v\u00ec ch\u00f2 kho\u00e2ng ch\u00f2u la\u00f8m v\u00f4\u00ef le\u00f5 ha\u00e9n. Mo\u00e4t s\u00f3 quan kha\u00f9c hie\u00e1p mo\u00e4t em be\u00f9 ga\u00f9i ba\u00e8ng nh\u00f6\u00f5ng ca\u00f9ch da\u00e2m ba\u00efo vo\u00e2 cu\u00f8ng ghe\u00e2 t\u00f4\u00fbm. B\u00f2 truy to\u00e1 tr\u00f6\u00f4\u00f9c to\u00f8a \u00f1a\u00efi h\u00ecnh, ha\u00e9n \u00f1\u00f6\u00f4\u00efc tra\u00e9ng a\u00f9n, ch\u00e6 v\u00ec na\u00efn nha\u00e2n la\u00f8 ng\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8i An Nam. Trong ta\u00e1t ca\u00fb ca\u00f9c ba\u00f8i die\u00e3n va\u00ean, ta\u00e1t ca\u00fb ca\u00f9c ba\u00fbn ba\u00f9o ca\u00f9o \u00f4\u00fb kha\u00e9p nh\u00f6\u00f5ng n\u00f4i ma\u00f8 ca\u00f9c nha\u00f8 ca\u00e0m quye\u00e0n cu\u00fba chu\u00f9ng ta co\u00f9 d\u00f2p m\u00f4\u00fb mie\u00e4ng, va\u00f8 co\u00f9 bo\u00efn ngo\u00e1c ngo\u00e0i nghe, ho\u00ef luo\u00e2n luo\u00e2n kha\u00fang \u00f1\u00f2nh ra\u00e8ng, ch\u00e6 co\u00f9 n\u00f6\u00f4\u00f9c \u00d1\u00f6\u00f9c da\u00f5 155","man m\u00f4\u00f9i la\u00f8 \u00f1e\u00e1 quo\u00e1c, la\u00f8 qua\u00e2n phie\u00e4t, co\u00f8n n\u00f6\u00f4\u00f9c Pha\u00f9p, ca\u00f9i n\u00f6\u00f4\u00f9c Pha\u00f9p ye\u00e2u ho\u00f8a b\u00ecnh, nha\u00e2n \u00f1a\u00efo, co\u00e4ng ho\u00f8a va\u00f8 da\u00e2n chu\u00fb, ca\u00f9i n\u00f6\u00f4\u00f9c Pha\u00f9p ma\u00f8 ho\u00ef \u00f1a\u00efi die\u00e4n th\u00ec kho\u00e2ng pha\u00fbi la\u00f8 \u00f1e\u00e1 quo\u00e1c, cu\u00f5ng kho\u00e2ng pha\u00fbi la\u00f8 qua\u00e2n phie\u00e4t. O\u00c0! Hoa\u00f8n toa\u00f8n kho\u00e2ng pha\u00fbi! Ne\u00e1u ch\u00ednh ca\u00f9c nha\u00f8 ca\u00e0m quye\u00e0n a\u00e1y \u00f1\u00f6a binh l\u00ednh \u2013 la\u00f8 con em co\u00e2ng nha\u00e2n hay ch\u00ednh la\u00f8 co\u00e2ng nha\u00e2n \u2013 \u00f1i gie\u00e1t ha\u00efi nh\u00f6\u00f5ng co\u00e2ng nha\u00e2n \u00f4\u00fb ca\u00f9c n\u00f6\u00f4\u00f9c kha\u00f9c, th\u00ec \u00f1o\u00f9 cha\u00fang qua la\u00f8 \u00f1e\u00e5 da\u00efy cho nh\u00f6\u00f5ng ng\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8i na\u00f8y bie\u00e1t so\u00e1ng cho to\u00e1t ma\u00f8 tho\u00e2i! 156","CH\u00d6\u00d4NG XII NO\u00c2 LE\u00c4 TH\u00d6\u00d9C T\u00c6NH I \u2013 \u00d4\u00db \u00d1O\u00c2NG D\u00d6\u00d4NG Tha\u00f9ng 11 na\u00eam 1922, sa\u00f9u tra\u00eam th\u00f4\u00ef nhuo\u00e4m \u00f4\u00fb Ch\u00f4\u00ef L\u00f4\u00f9n (Nam Ky\u00f8) v\u00ec b\u00f2 b\u00f4\u00f9t l\u00f6\u00f4ng ne\u00e2n \u00f1a\u00f5 quye\u00e1t \u00f1\u00f2nh ba\u00f5i co\u00e2ng. Cuo\u00e4c pha\u00fbn co\u00e2ng cu\u00fba bo\u00efn chu\u00fb lie\u00e0n die\u00e3n ra \u00f4\u00fb kha\u00e9p n\u00f4i, va\u00f8 kha\u00e9p n\u00f4i giai ca\u00e1p co\u00e2ng nha\u00e2n cu\u00f5ng ba\u00e9t \u00f1a\u00e0u gia\u00f9c ngo\u00e4 ve\u00e0 l\u00f6\u00efc l\u00f6\u00f4\u00efng va\u00f8 gia\u00f9 tr\u00f2 cu\u00fba m\u00ecnh. Ne\u00e1u nh\u00f6\u00f5ng co\u00e2ng nha\u00e2n ba\u00fbn x\u00f6\u00f9 kho\u00e1n kho\u00e5 kia, th\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8ng la\u00f8 ra\u00e1t ngoan ngoa\u00f5n, de\u00e3 sai de\u00e3 ba\u00fbo, kho\u00e2ng \u00f1\u00f6\u00f4\u00efc gia\u00f9o du\u00efc va\u00f8 to\u00e5 ch\u00f6\u00f9c, \u00f1a\u00f5 \u00f1i \u00f1e\u00e1n cho\u00e3 pha\u00fbi ta\u00e4p h\u00f4\u00efp nhau la\u00efi \u2013 do ba\u00fbn na\u00eang t\u00f6\u00ef ve\u00e4, ne\u00e1u co\u00f9 the\u00e5 no\u00f9i nh\u00f6 the\u00e1 \u2013 va\u00f8 \u00f1a\u00e1u tranh cho\u00e1ng nh\u00f6\u00f5ng \u00f1o\u00f8i ho\u00fbi ta\u00f8n ba\u00efo cu\u00fba chu\u00fb, th\u00ec \u00f1o\u00f9 la\u00f8 v\u00ec t\u00ecnh ca\u00fbnh cu\u00fba ho\u00ef qua\u00f9 \u00f6 kho\u00e1n kho\u00e5, kho\u00e1n kho\u00e5 \u00f1e\u00e1n m\u00f6\u00f9c ma\u00f8 \u00f4\u00fb cha\u00e2u A\u00c2u ng\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8i ta kho\u00e2ng t\u00f6\u00f4\u00fbng t\u00f6\u00f4\u00efng \u00f1\u00f6\u00f4\u00efc. \u00d1a\u00e2y la\u00f8 la\u00e0n \u00f1a\u00e0u tie\u00e2n, mo\u00e4t phong tra\u00f8o nh\u00f6 the\u00e1 nho\u00f9m le\u00e2n 157","\u00f4\u00fb thuo\u00e4c \u00f1\u00f2a. Chu\u00f9ng ta ha\u00f5y ghi la\u00e1y da\u00e1u hie\u00e4u \u00f1o\u00f9 cu\u00fba th\u00f4\u00f8i \u00f1a\u00efi va\u00f8 chu\u00f9ng ta \u00f1\u00f6\u00f8ng que\u00e2n ra\u00e8ng bo\u00e5n pha\u00e4n cu\u00fba chu\u00f9ng ta \u2013 nh\u00f6\u00f5ng ng\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8i lao \u00f1o\u00e4ng \u00f4\u00fb ch\u00ednh quo\u00e1c \u2013 kho\u00e2ng pha\u00fbi ch\u00e6 to\u00fb t\u00ecnh \u00f1oa\u00f8n ke\u00e1t v\u00f4\u00f9i nh\u00f6\u00f5ng anh em cu\u00f8ng giai ca\u00e1p \u00f4\u00fb \u00f1a\u00e1y ba\u00e8ng l\u00f4\u00f8i no\u00f9i, ma\u00f8 co\u00f8n pha\u00fbi gia\u00f9c ngo\u00e4 ho\u00ef, gia\u00f9o du\u00efc ho\u00ef ve\u00e0 y\u00f9 th\u00f6\u00f9c to\u00e5 ch\u00f6\u00f9c va\u00f8 ve\u00e0 ph\u00f6\u00f4ng pha\u00f9p to\u00e5 ch\u00f6\u00f9c. II \u2013 \u00d4\u00db \u00d1A HO\u00c2 MA\u00c2Y Lo s\u00f4\u00ef ve\u00e0 giai ca\u00e1p co\u00e2ng nha\u00e2n \u00f4\u00fb ch\u00ednh quo\u00e1c \u00f1a\u00f5 th\u00f6\u00f9c t\u00e6nh, chu\u00fb ngh\u00f3a t\u00f6 ba\u00fbn Pha\u00f9p t\u00ecm ca\u00f9ch di chuye\u00e5n ne\u00e0n tho\u00e1ng tr\u00f2 cu\u00fba no\u00f9 qua ca\u00f9c thuo\u00e4c \u00f1\u00f2a. Ta\u00efi \u00f1o\u00f9, no\u00f9 v\u00f4 ve\u00f9t nguye\u00e2n lie\u00e4u cho ca\u00f9c nha\u00f8 ma\u00f9y va\u00f8 s\u00f6\u00fb du\u00efng nh\u00f6\u00f5ng l\u00f6\u00efc l\u00f6\u00f4\u00efng pha\u00fbn \u00f1o\u00e4ng va\u00f8 la\u00efc ha\u00e4u(1) \u00f1e\u00e5 cho\u00e1ng la\u00efi ca\u00f9ch ma\u00efng. Ba\u00f9o ch\u00ed t\u00f6 sa\u00fbn \u00f4\u00fb Pari va\u00f8 ca\u00f9c t\u00e6nh th\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8ng xuye\u00e2n da\u00f8nh ha\u00f8ng trang cho mu\u00efc thuo\u00e4c \u00f1\u00f2a. Ca\u00f9c t\u00f6\u00f4\u00f9ng ta\u00f9 va\u00f8 ngh\u00f2 s\u00f3 to\u00e5 ch\u00f6\u00f9c nh\u00f6\u00f5ng cuo\u00e4c die\u00e3n thuye\u00e1t ve\u00e0 thuo\u00e4c \u00f1\u00f2a. Nh\u00f6\u00f5ng ca\u00e2y bu\u00f9t quan lie\u00e2u va\u00f8 nh\u00f6\u00f5ng ng\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8i no\u00f9i khoa\u00f9c a\u00e1y kho\u00e2ng t\u00ecm \u00f1a\u00e2u ra \u00f1u\u00fb l\u00f4\u00f8i \u00f1e\u00e5 ca ng\u00f4\u00efi co\u00e2ng \u00f4n khai ho\u00f9a \u201ccu\u00fba ho\u00ef\u201d va\u00f8 lo\u00f8ng trung tha\u00f8nh cu\u00fba ng\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8i ba\u00fbn x\u00f6\u00f9. \u00d1o\u00e2i khi ca\u00f9c nga\u00f8i a\u00e1y tr\u00f4 tra\u00f9o \u00f1e\u00e1n m\u00f6\u00f9c \u00f1em lo\u00f8ng\u2026 nha\u00e2n t\u00f6\u00f8 cu\u00fba ho\u00ef \u00f1o\u00e1i la\u00e4p v\u00f4\u00f9i s\u00f6\u00ef c\u00f6\u00f4\u00f9p bo\u00f9c cu\u00fba th\u00f6\u00efc da\u00e2n Anh; ho\u00ef cho ch\u00ednh sa\u00f9ch cu\u00fba ng\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8i Anh la\u00f8 \u201cph\u00f6\u00f4ng pha\u00f9p ta\u00f8n nha\u00e3n\u201d hoa\u00ebc \u201ctha\u00f9i \u00f1o\u00e4 tho\u00e2 ba\u00efo\u201d va\u00f8 qua\u00fb quye\u00e1t ra\u00e8ng ca\u00f9ch la\u00f8m cu\u00fba ng\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8i Pha\u00f9p la\u00f8 \u00f1a\u00e0y co\u00e2ng ba\u00e8ng va\u00f8 t\u00f6\u00f8 thie\u00e4n! 1. Ba\u00fbn tie\u00e1ng Pha\u00f9p xua\u00e1t ba\u00fbn na\u00eam 1946: \u201c... et du mate\u00f9riel humain pour sa contre re\u00f9volution\u201d (s\u00f6\u00fb du\u00efng nha\u00e2n l\u00f6\u00efc \u00f1e\u00e5 cho\u00e1ng la\u00efi ca\u00f9ch ma\u00efng) 158","Ch\u00e6 ca\u00e0n nh\u00ecn qua ca\u00f9c thuo\u00e4c \u00f1\u00f2a Pha\u00f9p mo\u00e4t chu\u00f9t cu\u00f5ng \u00f1u\u00fb tha\u00e1y co\u00e2ng cuo\u00e4c khai ho\u00f9a \u00f1o\u00f9 la\u00f8 \u201c\u00f1e\u00efp \u00f1e\u00f5 va\u00f8 nha\u00e2n t\u00f6\u00f8\u201d bie\u00e1t ch\u00f6\u00f8ng na\u00f8o! \u00d4\u00db \u00d1aho\u00e2ma\u00e2y, ng\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8i ta ta\u00eang the\u00e2m thue\u00e1 vo\u00e1n \u00f1a\u00f5 qua\u00f9 na\u00ebng \u00f1o\u00e1i v\u00f4\u00f9i ng\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8i ba\u00fbn x\u00f6\u00f9. Ng\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8i ta ba\u00e9t thanh nie\u00e2n pha\u00fbi bo\u00fb nha\u00f8 c\u00f6\u00fba, ruo\u00e4ng n\u00f6\u00f4ng \u00f1e\u00e5 \u00f1i la\u00f8m \u201cnh\u00f6\u00f5ng ng\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8i ba\u00fbo ve\u00e4 va\u00ean minh\u201d. Ng\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8i ta ca\u00e1m ng\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8i ba\u00fbn x\u00f6\u00f9 mua sa\u00e9m va\u00f8 s\u00f6\u00fb du\u00efng vu\u00f5 kh\u00ed \u00f1e\u00e5 cho\u00e1ng thu\u00f9 d\u00f6\u00f5 th\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8ng pha\u00f9 hoa\u00efi sa\u00efch tr\u00f4n ha\u00f8ng loa\u00eft la\u00f8ng xo\u00f9m. Gia\u00f9o du\u00efc, ve\u00e4 sinh \u00f1e\u00e0u thie\u00e1u. Tra\u00f9i la\u00efi, ng\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8i ta kho\u00e2ng t\u00f6\u00f8 mo\u00e4t thu\u00fb \u00f1oa\u00efn na\u00f8o \u00f1e\u00e5 ba\u00e9t ng\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8i \u00d1aho\u00e2ma\u00e2y \u201c\u00f1\u00f6\u00f4\u00efc ba\u00fbo ho\u00e4\u201d pha\u00fbi ch\u00f2u ca\u00f9i che\u00e1 \u00f1o\u00e4 \u201cda\u00e2n ba\u00fbn x\u00f6\u00f9\u201d \u00f1a\u00f9ng ph\u00e6 nho\u00e5, mo\u00e4t che\u00e1 \u00f1o\u00e4 \u00f1a\u00f5 ha\u00ef con ng\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8i xuo\u00e1ng ha\u00f8ng con va\u00e4t va\u00f8 la\u00f8m o\u00e2 nhu\u00efc cho ca\u00f9i the\u00e1 gi\u00f4\u00f9i go\u00efi la\u00f8 va\u00ean minh. Da\u00e2n ba\u00fbn x\u00f6\u00f9 kho\u00e2ng cam ch\u00f2u nhu\u00efc \u00f1\u00f6\u00f4\u00efc ma\u00f5i, pha\u00fbi vu\u00f8ng le\u00e2n. The\u00e1 la\u00f8 \u00f1a\u00f8n a\u00f9p \u00f1a\u00e3m ma\u00f9u. Ng\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8i ta du\u00f8ng nh\u00f6\u00f5ng bie\u00e4n pha\u00f9p c\u00f6\u00f9ng ra\u00e9n. Ng\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8i ta \u00f1ie\u00e0u qua\u00e2n \u00f1o\u00e4i, su\u00f9ng lie\u00e2n thanh, su\u00f9ng co\u00e1i va\u00f8 ta\u00f8u chie\u00e1n \u00f1e\u00e1n, ng\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8i ta ra le\u00e4nh gi\u00f4\u00f9i nghie\u00e2m. Ng\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8i ta ba\u00e9t b\u00f4\u00f9 va\u00f8 bo\u00fb tu\u00f8 ha\u00f8ng loa\u00eft. \u00d1a\u00e1y! Co\u00e2ng cuo\u00e4c khai ho\u00f9a nha\u00e2n t\u00f6\u00f8 ta\u00f8 nh\u00f6 the\u00e1 \u00f1a\u00e1y! III \u2013 \u00d4\u00db XIRI Da\u00e2n Xiri la\u00e1y la\u00f8m ha\u00f8i lo\u00f8ng, ra\u00e1t ha\u00f8i lo\u00f8ng ve\u00e0 ch\u00ednh sa\u00f9ch cai tr\u00f2 cu\u00fba t\u00f6\u00f4\u00f9ng Guaro\u00e2(1), ca\u00f9c nha\u00f8 \u00f1\u00f6\u00f4ng cu\u00efc \u00f1e\u00e0u no\u00f9i nh\u00f6 the\u00e1. Nh\u00f6ng ca\u00f9c s\u00f6\u00ef vie\u00e4c sau \u00f1a\u00e2y \u00f1a\u00f5 ch\u00f6\u00f9ng minh tra\u00f9i ng\u00f6\u00f4\u00efc la\u00efi: 1. Gouraud: T\u00f6\u00f4\u00f9ng Pha\u00f9p (1867-1946) \u00f1a\u00f5 t\u00f6\u00f8ng ch\u00e6 huy qua\u00e2n \u00f1o\u00e4i Pha\u00f9p \u00f4\u00fb Xiri trong chie\u00e1n tranh the\u00e1 gi\u00f4\u00f9i th\u00f6\u00f9 nha\u00e1t. 159","Tha\u00f9ng 3 na\u00eam 1922, o\u00e2ng Muyxtapha Ke\u00e2man(1) \u00f1e\u00e1n Me\u00f9txin. \u00d1e\u00e5 \u00f1o\u00f9n tie\u00e1p o\u00e2ng, ng\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8i Ho\u00e0i gia\u00f9o Xiri d\u00f6\u00efng mo\u00e4t kha\u00fbi hoa\u00f8n mo\u00e2n co\u00f9 ca\u00e9m c\u00f4\u00f8 \u00f1en mang ca\u00f9c kha\u00e5u hie\u00e4u: \u201cTho\u00e5 va\u00f8 A\u00dbra\u00e4p la\u00f8 anh em!\u201d, \u201cXin ch\u00f4\u00f9 que\u00e2n nh\u00f6\u00f5ng ng\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8i anh em Xiri\u201d, \u201cHa\u00f5y gia\u00fbi pho\u00f9ng cho chu\u00f9ng to\u00e2i\u201d, v.v... Vie\u00e4c o\u00e2ng Muyxtapha Ke\u00e2man \u00f1e\u00e1n tha\u00eam A\u00f1ana \u00f1a\u00f5 ga\u00e2y ne\u00e2n nh\u00f6\u00f5ng cuo\u00e4c bie\u00e5u t\u00ecnh so\u00e2i no\u00e5i. Trong hai nga\u00f8y lie\u00e0n, nh\u00f6\u00f5ng ng\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8i trong phong tra\u00f8o phu\u00efc quo\u00e1c \u00f4\u00fb A\u00cangchio\u00e2s\u00f4 va\u00f8 Ale\u00e1chxa\u00eang\u00f1\u00f4re\u00f9t(2) \u00f1a\u00f5 gi\u00f6\u00f4ng c\u00f4\u00f8 \u00f1en ke\u00f9o qua ca\u00f9c pho\u00e1 va\u00f8 ho\u00e2 l\u00f4\u00f9n nh\u00f6\u00f5ng kha\u00e5u hie\u00e4u cho\u00e1ng che\u00e1 \u00f1o\u00e4 u\u00fby tr\u00f2 Pha\u00f9p. \u00d1a\u00f9p l\u00f4\u00f8i ke\u00e2u go\u00efi cu\u00fba pha\u00f9i \u00f1oa\u00f8n phu\u00efc quo\u00e1c Xiri, nghe \u00f1a\u00e2u o\u00e2ng Muyxtapha Ke\u00e2man \u00f1a\u00f5 no\u00f9i: \u201cMo\u00e4t trung ta\u00e2m va\u00ean minh \u00f1a\u00f5 to\u00e0n ta\u00efi t\u00f6\u00f8 bao the\u00e1 ky\u00fb nh\u00f6 Xiri kho\u00e2ng the\u00e5 na\u00e8m trong tay ng\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8i ngoa\u00efi quo\u00e1c \u00f1\u00f6\u00f4\u00efc\u201d. Chu\u00fb ngh\u00f3a th\u00f6\u00efc da\u00e2n Pha\u00f9p kho\u00e2ng he\u00e0 thay \u00f1o\u00e5i ca\u00f9i cha\u00e2m ngo\u00e2n \u201cchia \u00f1e\u00e5 tr\u00f2\u201d cu\u00fba no\u00f9. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec the\u00e1 ma\u00f8 n\u00f6\u00f4\u00f9c An Nam, mo\u00e4t n\u00f6\u00f4\u00f9c co\u00f9 chung mo\u00e4t da\u00e2n to\u00e4c, chung mo\u00e4t do\u00f8ng ma\u00f9u, chung mo\u00e4t phong tu\u00efc, chung mo\u00e4t l\u00f2ch s\u00f6\u00fb, chung mo\u00e4t truye\u00e0n tho\u00e1ng, chung mo\u00e4t tie\u00e1ng no\u00f9i, \u00f1a\u00f5 b\u00f2 chia na\u00eam xe\u00fb ba\u00fby. L\u00f4\u00efi du\u00efng mo\u00e4t ca\u00f9ch xa\u00fbo tra\u00f9 s\u00f6\u00ef chia 1. Mustapha Ke\u00f9mal (1881-1938): La\u00f5nh tu\u00ef \u00f1a\u00fbng Quo\u00e1c da\u00e2n \u00f4\u00fb Tho\u00e5 Nh\u00f3 Ky\u00f8, ca\u00e0m \u00f1a\u00e0u cuo\u00e4c ca\u00f9ch ma\u00efng t\u00f6 sa\u00fbn va\u00f8 \u00f1\u00f6\u00f4\u00efc ba\u00e0u la\u00f8m to\u00e5ng tho\u00e1ng Tho\u00e5 Nh\u00f3 Ky\u00f8 na\u00eam 1923. 2. Nh\u00f6\u00f5ng ng\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8i trong phong tra\u00f8o phu\u00efc quo\u00e1c \u00f4\u00fb A\u00cangchio\u00e2s\u00f4 va\u00f8 Ale\u00e1chxa\u00eang\u00f1\u00f4re\u00f9t: A\u00cangchio\u00e2s\u00f4 va\u00f8 Ale\u00e1chxa\u00eang\u00f1\u00f4re\u00f9t la\u00f8 hai tha\u00f8nh pho\u00e1 co\u00e5 no\u00e5i tie\u00e1ng cu\u00fba n\u00f6\u00f4\u00f9c Xiri, na\u00eam 1516 b\u00f2 Tho\u00e5 Nh\u00f3 Ky\u00f8 xa\u00e2m chie\u00e1m. Sau chie\u00e1n tranh the\u00e1 gi\u00f4\u00f9i th\u00f6\u00f9 nha\u00e1t (1914-1918), Tho\u00e5 Nh\u00f3 Ky\u00f8 thua tra\u00e4n, theo hie\u00e4p \u00f6\u00f4\u00f9c Xev\u00f4r\u00f4 nga\u00f8y 10-8-1920, Xiri b\u00f2 giao cho Pha\u00f9p \u201cu\u00fby tr\u00f2\u201d. Nh\u00f6\u00f5ng ng\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8i trong phong tra\u00f8o phu\u00efc quo\u00e1c (na\u00eam 1922) \u00f4\u00fb hai tha\u00f8nh pho\u00e1 na\u00f8y la\u00f8 nh\u00f6\u00f5ng nha\u00e2n da\u00e2n \u00f1a\u00e1u tranh cho\u00e1ng che\u00e1 \u00f1o\u00e4 \u201cu\u00fby tr\u00f2\u201d (th\u00f6\u00efc cha\u00e1t la\u00f8 a\u00f9ch th\u00f6\u00efc da\u00e2n) cu\u00fba Pha\u00f9p, gia\u00f8nh \u00f1o\u00e4c la\u00e4p. 160","ca\u00e9t a\u00e1y, ng\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8i ta hy vo\u00efng la\u00f8m nguo\u00e4i \u00f1\u00f6\u00f4\u00efc t\u00ecnh \u00f1oa\u00f8n ke\u00e1t, ngh\u00f3a \u00f1o\u00e0ng ba\u00f8o trong lo\u00f8ng ng\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8i An Nam va\u00f8 ta\u00efo ra nh\u00f6\u00f5ng mo\u00e1i xung kha\u00e9c gi\u00f6\u00f5a anh em ruo\u00e4t th\u00f2t v\u00f4\u00f9i nhau. Sau khi \u00f1a\u00e5y ho\u00ef cho\u00e1ng la\u00efi nhau, ng\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8i ta la\u00efi ghe\u00f9p mo\u00e4t ca\u00f9ch gia\u00fb ta\u00efo ca\u00f9c tha\u00f8nh pha\u00e0n a\u00e1y la\u00efi, la\u00e4p ne\u00e2n mo\u00e4t \u201clie\u00e2n bang\u201d go\u00efi la\u00f8 Lie\u00e2n bang \u00d1o\u00e2ng D\u00f6\u00f4ng. Trong ca\u00f9c thuo\u00e4c \u00f1\u00f2a m\u00f4\u00f9i ng\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8i ta cu\u00f5ng la\u00efi tha\u00e1y ca\u00f9i sa\u00f9ch l\u00f6\u00f4\u00efc a\u00e1y. Sau khi chia ca\u00e9t \u00f1a\u00e1t n\u00f6\u00f4\u00f9c Xiri tha\u00f8nh \u201cmo\u00e4t so\u00e1 quo\u00e1c gia\u201d, cao u\u00fby Pha\u00f9p \u00f4\u00fb Ba\u00e2yru\u00f9t la\u00efi la\u00e4p mo\u00e4t \u201cLie\u00e2n bang\u201d Xiri, go\u00e0m ca\u00f9c \u201cn\u00f6\u00f4\u00f9c\u201d Ale\u00f9p, \u00d1ama\u00f9t, va\u00f8 Alau\u00edt(1). Mo\u00e4t la\u00f9 quo\u00e1c ky\u00f8 \u00f1a\u00f5 \u00f1\u00f6\u00f4\u00efc ba\u00f8y \u00f1a\u00ebt ra nha\u00e8m mu\u00efc \u00f1\u00edch \u00f1o\u00f9. Cu\u00f5ng nh\u00f6 \u00f1o\u00e1i v\u00f4\u00f9i la\u00f9 c\u00f4\u00f8 An Nam, ng\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8i ta kho\u00e2ng que\u00e2n va\u00f9 va\u00f8o la\u00f9 c\u00f4\u00f8 lie\u00e2n bang \u00f1o\u00f9 mo\u00e4t mie\u00e1ng \u201cc\u00f4\u00f8 ba\u00fbo ho\u00e4\u201d, \u00f4\u00fb go\u00f9c tre\u00e2n, ga\u00e0n ca\u00f9n. Nga\u00f8y 11 tha\u00f9ng 12 na\u00eam 1922 la\u00f8 nga\u00f8y le\u00e3 \u201clong tro\u00efng\u201d, la\u00e0n \u00f1a\u00e0u tie\u00e2n la\u00f9 c\u00f4\u00f8 a\u00e1y \u00f1\u00f6\u00f4\u00efc ke\u00f9o le\u00e2n no\u00f9c phu\u00fb lie\u00e2n bang \u00f4\u00fb Ale\u00f9p. Trong d\u00f2p a\u00e1y, nhie\u00e0u nha\u00f8 ca\u00e0m quye\u00e0n \u00f1a\u00f5 \u00f1o\u00efc die\u00e3n t\u00f6\u00f8. O\u00c2ng Xubi Baraca Ba\u00e2y, chu\u00fb t\u00f2ch lie\u00e2n bang, \u00f1a\u00f5 no\u00f9i na\u00f8o la\u00f8 \u201cn\u00f6\u00f4\u00f9c ba\u00fbo ho\u00e4 ro\u00e4ng l\u00f6\u00f4\u00efng\u201d, na\u00f8o la\u00f8 \u201cng\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8i h\u00f6\u00f4\u00f9ng \u00f1a\u00efo cha\u00e2n tha\u00f8nh\u201d, na\u00f8o la\u00f8 \u201cnh\u00f6\u00f5ng v\u00f2 t\u00f6\u00f4\u00f9ng l\u00f3nh chie\u00e1n tha\u00e9ng\u201d, va\u00f8 ha\u00f8ng tra\u00f8ng nh\u00f6\u00f5ng \u00f1ie\u00e0u kha\u00f9c n\u00f6\u00f5a. O\u00c2ng Ro\u00e2be \u00f1\u00f4\u00f8 Ke, quye\u00e0n cao u\u00fby, cu\u00f5ng \u00f1o\u00efc \u00f1\u00edtcua ra\u00e1t da\u00f8i. Ngoa\u00f8i nh\u00f6\u00f5ng \u00f1ie\u00e0u kha\u00f9c ra, v\u00f2 quan cao ca\u00e1p a\u00e1y \u00f1a\u00f5 nha\u00e9c la\u00efi ra\u00e8ng, \u201cn\u00f6\u00f4\u00f9c Xiri \u00f1o\u00e4c la\u00e4p kho\u00e2ng pha\u00fbi la\u00f8 da\u00e2n to\u00e4c \u00f1a\u00e0u tie\u00e2n \u00f1\u00f6\u00f4\u00efc n\u00f6\u00f4\u00f9c Pha\u00f9p sa\u00ean so\u00f9c t\u00f6\u00f8 trong no\u00e2i\u201d, v.v... Nh\u00f6ng, ta\u00e1t ca\u00fb nh\u00f6\u00f5ng l\u00f4\u00f8i le\u00f5 hue\u00e2nh hoang ro\u00e3ng tue\u00e1ch a\u00e1y cha\u00fang 1. Alep, Damas, Alaouites: Alep la\u00f8 mo\u00e4t tha\u00f8nh pho\u00e1 cu\u00fba Xiri; Damas la\u00f8 thu\u00fb \u00f1o\u00e2 cu\u00fba Xiri; Alaouites la\u00f8 la\u00f5nh tho\u00e5 cu\u00fba Xiri b\u00f2 th\u00f6\u00efc da\u00e2n Pha\u00f9p ca\u00e9t ra tha\u00f8nh mo\u00e4t khu v\u00f6\u00efc t\u00f6\u00ef tr\u00f2 t\u00f6\u00f8 na\u00eam 1924 \u00f1e\u00e1n na\u00eam 1930. 161","\u00f1a\u00f9nh l\u00f6\u00f8a \u00f1\u00f6\u00f4\u00efc ai. Pha\u00f9i \u00f1oa\u00f8n Xiri \u2013 Palextin la\u00f5nh nhie\u00e4m vu\u00ef \u00f1a\u00e1u tranh cho \u00f1o\u00e4c la\u00e4p va\u00f8 tho\u00e1ng nha\u00e1t \u2013 cha\u00e2n ch\u00ednh \u2013 cu\u00fba n\u00f6\u00f4\u00f9c Xiri \u00f4\u00fb Ho\u00e4i ngh\u00f2 Lo\u00e2dann\u00f4(1) \u00f1a\u00f5 g\u00f6\u00fbi mo\u00e4t b\u00f6\u00f9c th\u00f6 pha\u00fbn kha\u00f9ng. B\u00f6\u00f9c th\u00f6 na\u00f8y \u00f1a\u00f5 \u00f1\u00f6\u00f4\u00efc \u00f1a\u00eang tre\u00e2n t\u00f4\u00f8 Die\u00e3n \u00f1a\u00f8n ph\u00f6\u00f4ng \u00d1o\u00e2ng(2), va\u00f8 chu\u00f9ng to\u00e2i ra\u00e1t sung s\u00f6\u00f4\u00f9ng \u00f1\u00f6\u00f4\u00efc sao la\u00efi d\u00f6\u00f4\u00f9i \u00f1a\u00e2y: \u201cTh\u00f6a nga\u00f8i, Gi\u00f6\u00f5a lu\u00f9c ng\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8i ta \u00f1\u00f6\u00f4ng co\u00e1 ha\u00f8n ga\u00e9n nh\u00f6\u00f5ng lo\u00e3 ho\u00e5ng ma\u00f8 Hie\u00e4p \u00f6\u00f4\u00f9c Xev\u00f4r\u00f4(3) \u00f1a\u00f5 khoe\u00f9t ra trong va\u00e1n \u00f1e\u00e0 Ca\u00e4n \u00d1o\u00e2ng va\u00f8 gi\u00f6\u00f5a lu\u00f9c da\u00e2n to\u00e4c A\u00dbra\u00e4p \u00f1ang pha\u00fbi ch\u00f2u \u00f1\u00f6\u00efng, so v\u00f4\u00f9i m\u00f6\u00f9c hy sinh t\u00f6\u00ef nguye\u00e4n cu\u00fba m\u00ecnh, nh\u00f6\u00f5ng \u00f1ie\u00e0u tai ha\u00efi tr\u00f6\u00efc tie\u00e1p nha\u00e1t do hie\u00e4p \u00f6\u00f4\u00f9c \u00f1o\u00f9 ga\u00e2y ra, th\u00ec \u00f4\u00fb ho\u00e4i ngh\u00f2 cu\u00fba ca\u00f9c nga\u00f8i, ho\u00e4i ngh\u00f2 to\u00e5 ch\u00f6\u00f9c ra v\u00f4\u00f9i mu\u00efc \u00f1\u00edch thie\u00e1t la\u00e4p mo\u00e4t ne\u00e0n ho\u00f8a b\u00ecnh v\u00f6\u00f5ng cha\u00e9c va\u00f8 la\u00e2u da\u00f8i, tie\u00e1ng no\u00f9i cu\u00fba ca\u00f9c \u00f1a\u00efi bie\u00e5u da\u00e2n to\u00e4c A\u00dbra\u00e4p \u00f4\u00fb ca\u00f9c khu v\u00f6\u00efc kha\u00f9c nhau va\u00e3n ch\u00f6a \u00f1\u00f6\u00f4\u00efc la\u00e9ng nghe. The\u00e1 ma\u00f8 ch\u00ednh lu\u00f9c na\u00f8y la\u00efi la\u00f8 lu\u00f9c ca\u00f9c nha\u00f8 ca\u00e0m quye\u00e0n Pha\u00f9p cho\u00efn \u00f1e\u00e5 kha\u00f9nh tha\u00f8nh mo\u00e4t ca\u00f9ch long tro\u00efng co\u00e2ng cuo\u00e4c th\u00f6\u00efc da\u00e2n ho\u00f9a ma\u00f8 ho\u00ef \u00f1a\u00f5 tie\u00e1n ha\u00f8nh t\u00f6\u00f8 bo\u00e1n na\u00eam nay ba\u00e8ng ca\u00f9ch ga\u00e9n ca\u00f9i t\u00f6\u00f4\u00efng tr\u00f6ng cho che\u00e1 \u00f1o\u00e4 no\u00e2 le\u00e4 1. Ho\u00e4i ngh\u00f2 Lo\u00e2dann\u00f4 (Confe\u00f9rence de Lausanne): Ho\u00e4i ngh\u00f2 gi\u00f6\u00f5a ca\u00f9c n\u00f6\u00f4\u00f9c \u00f1o\u00e0ng minh va\u00f8 Tho\u00e5 Nh\u00f3 Ky\u00f8 ho\u00efp ta\u00efi Lo\u00e2dann\u00f4 thuo\u00e4c Thu\u00efy S\u00f3 (1922-1923). Ho\u00e4i ngh\u00f2 na\u00f8y \u00f1i \u00f1e\u00e1n ky\u00f9 ho\u00f8a \u00f6\u00f4\u00f9c Lo\u00e2dann\u00f4 ve\u00e0 che\u00e1 \u00f1o\u00e4 ca\u00f9c eo bie\u00e5n \u00d1a\u00f9c\u00f1anen, che\u00e1 \u00f1o\u00e4 quye\u00e0n l\u00f4\u00efi cu\u00fba nh\u00f6\u00f5ng ng\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8i theo \u00f1a\u00efo Thie\u00e2n chu\u00f9a tre\u00e2n \u00f1a\u00e1t Ho\u00e0i gia\u00f9o va\u00f8 xe\u00f9t la\u00efi hie\u00e4p \u00f6\u00f4\u00f9c Xev\u00f4r\u00f4. 2. La Tribune d\u2019Orient. 3. Hie\u00e4p \u00f6\u00f4\u00f9c Xev\u00f4r\u00f4 (Traite\u00f9 de Se\u00f8vres): Hie\u00e4p \u00f6\u00f4\u00f9c ky\u00f9 ke\u00e1t gi\u00f6\u00f5a Tho\u00e5 Nh\u00f3 Ky\u00f8 va\u00f8 ca\u00f9c n\u00f6\u00f4\u00f9c \u00f1o\u00e0ng minh nga\u00f8y 10-8-1920 ta\u00efi Xev\u00f4r\u00f4 (Pha\u00f9p), chia ca\u00e9t \u00f1a\u00e1t Tho\u00e5 Nh\u00f3 Ky\u00f8 ra la\u00f8m nhie\u00e0u n\u00f6\u00f4\u00f9c va\u00f8 la\u00e4p che\u00e1 \u00f1o\u00e4 n\u00f6\u00fba thuo\u00e4c \u00f1\u00f2a \u00f4\u00fb \u00f1o\u00f9. Nha\u00e2n da\u00e2n Tho\u00e5 Nh\u00f3 Ky\u00f8 no\u00e5i da\u00e4y \u00f1a\u00e1u tranh cho\u00e1ng la\u00efi hie\u00e4p \u00f6\u00f4\u00f9c na\u00f8y \u00f1e\u00e5 ba\u00fbo ve\u00e4 \u00f1o\u00e4c la\u00e4p da\u00e2n to\u00e4c. Tho\u00e5 Nh\u00f3 Ky\u00f8 chie\u00e1n tha\u00e9ng, buo\u00e4c ca\u00f9c n\u00f6\u00f4\u00f9c \u00f1e\u00e1 quo\u00e1c pha\u00fbi trie\u00e4u ta\u00e4p Ho\u00e4i ngh\u00f2 Lo\u00e2dann\u00f4 \u00f1e\u00e5 xo\u00f9a bo\u00fb hie\u00e4p \u00f6\u00f4\u00f9c Xev\u00f4r\u00f4. 162","v\u00f3nh vie\u00e3n la\u00f8 nh\u00f6\u00f5ng mie\u00e1ng c\u00f4\u00f8 tam ta\u00f8i le\u00e2n la\u00f9 c\u00f4\u00f8 ma\u00f8 ng\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8i ta v\u00f6\u00f8a m\u00f4\u00f9i ga\u00f9n cho ca\u00f9i go\u00efi la\u00f8 \u201cLie\u00e2n bang Xiri\u201d. The\u00e1 la\u00f8 mo\u00e4t la\u00e0n n\u00f6\u00f5a, ng\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8i ta la\u00efi phu\u00fb nha\u00e4n nh\u00f6\u00f5ng l\u00f4\u00f8i tuye\u00e2n bo\u00e1 cu\u00fba \u00d1o\u00e0ng minh, nh\u00f6\u00f5ng \u00f1ie\u00e0u ma\u00f8 n\u00f6\u00f4\u00f9c Anh \u00f1a\u00f5 nha\u00e2n danh \u00d1o\u00e0ng minh cam ke\u00e1t v\u00f4\u00f9i ca\u00f9c da\u00e2n to\u00e4c A\u00dbra\u00e4p, va\u00f8 ngay ca\u00fb nh\u00f6\u00f5ng l\u00f4\u00f8i cu\u00fba ca\u00f9c ch\u00ednh kha\u00f9ch Pha\u00f9p h\u00f6\u00f9a ba\u00fbo \u00f1a\u00fbm ne\u00e0n \u00f1o\u00e4c la\u00e4p cho x\u00f6\u00f9 Xiri ba\u00e1t ha\u00efnh. N\u00f6\u00f4\u00f9c Xiri hie\u00e5n nhie\u00e2n co\u00f9 \u00f1u\u00fb t\u00f6 ca\u00f9ch \u00f1e\u00e5 \u00f1\u00f6\u00f4\u00efc \u00f1o\u00e4c la\u00e4p nhanh cho\u00f9ng, hoa\u00f8n toa\u00f8n, va\u00f8 x\u00f6\u00f9ng \u00f1a\u00f9ng v\u00f4\u00f9i ne\u00e0n \u00f1o\u00e4c la\u00e4p a\u00e1y kho\u00e2ng ke\u00f9m ba\u00e1t c\u00f6\u00f9 mo\u00e4t n\u00f6\u00f4\u00f9c na\u00f8o kha\u00f9c \u00f4\u00fb ph\u00f6\u00f4ng \u00d1o\u00e2ng hay \u00f4\u00fb ph\u00f6\u00f4ng Ta\u00e2y. The\u00e1 ma\u00f8 Xiri la\u00efi kho\u00e2ng \u00f1\u00f6\u00f4\u00efc phe\u00f9p co\u00f9 mo\u00e4t quo\u00e1c ky\u00f8 rie\u00e2ng cu\u00fba m\u00ecnh. Ng\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8i ta \u00f1a\u00f5 buo\u00e4c Xiri pha\u00fbi \u00f1\u00ednh va\u00f8o quo\u00e1c ky\u00f8 cu\u00fba m\u00ecnh ca\u00f9i ma\u00fbnh tam ta\u00f8i la\u00f8m da\u00e1u hie\u00e4u cho che\u00e1 \u00f1o\u00e4 u\u00fby tr\u00f2, la\u00f8 mo\u00e4t s\u00f6\u00ef tho\u00e2n t\u00ednh tra\u00f9 h\u00ecnh. Th\u00f6a o\u00e2ng chu\u00fb t\u00f2ch, t\u00f6\u00f8 tr\u00f6\u00f4\u00f9c t\u00f4\u00f9i nay chu\u00f9ng to\u00e2i luo\u00e2n luo\u00e2n pha\u00fbn \u00f1o\u00e1i che\u00e1 \u00f1o\u00e4 u\u00fby tr\u00f2, kho\u00e2ng bao gi\u00f4\u00f8 chu\u00f9ng to\u00e2i co\u00e2ng nha\u00e4n che\u00e1 \u00f1o\u00e4 a\u00e1y ca\u00fb, nga\u00f8y nay chu\u00f9ng to\u00e2i la\u00efi c\u00f6\u00efc l\u00f6\u00efc pha\u00fbn \u00f1o\u00e1i vie\u00e4c ga\u00e9n ca\u00f9i da\u00e1u hie\u00e4u t\u00f6\u00f4\u00efng tr\u00f6ng cu\u00fba che\u00e1 \u00f1o\u00e4 a\u00e1y va\u00f8o la\u00f9 c\u00f4\u00f8 cu\u00fba chu\u00f9ng to\u00e2i. Ha\u00e0u he\u00e1t ca\u00f9c c\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8ng quo\u00e1c, ke\u00e5 ca\u00fb nh\u00f6\u00f5ng n\u00f6\u00f4\u00f9c l\u00f4\u00f9n ma\u00efnh kho\u00e2ng ke\u00f9m g\u00ec n\u00f6\u00f4\u00f9c Pha\u00f9p, \u00f1e\u00e0u kho\u00e2ng bao gi\u00f4\u00f8 du\u00f8ng ph\u00f6\u00f4ng pha\u00f9p la\u00f8m nhu\u00efc a\u00e1y \u00f1o\u00e1i v\u00f4\u00f9i nh\u00f6\u00f5ng thuo\u00e4c \u00f1\u00f2a la\u00efc ha\u00e4u nha\u00e1t cu\u00fba ho\u00ef. Hie\u00e1n ch\u00f6\u00f4ng Ho\u00e4i Quo\u00e1c lie\u00e2n(1) quy \u00f1\u00f2nh ro\u00f5 t\u00ednh cha\u00e1t ta\u00efm th\u00f4\u00f8i cu\u00fba che\u00e1 \u00f1o\u00e4 u\u00fby tr\u00f2 (\u00f1ie\u00e0u 22, \u00f1oa\u00efn 4). Va\u00e4y th\u00ec 1. Ho\u00e4i Quo\u00e1c lie\u00e2n (Socie\u00f9te\u00f9 des Nation): Mo\u00e4t to\u00e5 ch\u00f6\u00f9c do ca\u00f9c n\u00f6\u00f4\u00f9c tha\u00e9ng tra\u00e4n trong chie\u00e1n tranh the\u00e1 gi\u00f4\u00f9i th\u00f6\u00f9 nha\u00e1t tha\u00f8nh la\u00e4p nga\u00f8y 10 tha\u00f9ng 1 na\u00eam 1920, theo hie\u00e4p \u00f6\u00f4\u00f9c Ve\u00f9cxa\u00e2y, v\u00f4\u00f9i mu\u00efc \u00f1\u00edch la\u00f8 pha\u00f9t trie\u00e5n s\u00f6\u00ef h\u00f4\u00efp ta\u00f9c gi\u00f6\u00f5a ca\u00f9c da\u00e2n to\u00e4c, gi\u00f6\u00f5 g\u00ecn ho\u00f8a b\u00ecnh the\u00e1 gi\u00f4\u00f9i. Th\u00f6\u00efc te\u00e1 to\u00e5 ch\u00f6\u00f9c na\u00f8y kho\u00e2ng th\u00f6\u00efc hie\u00e4n mu\u00efc \u00f1\u00edch \u00f1o\u00f9, v\u00ec b\u00f2 ca\u00f9c n\u00f6\u00f4\u00f9c \u00f1e\u00e1 quo\u00e1c tha\u00e9ng tra\u00e4n kho\u00e1ng che\u00e1. 163","nha\u00f8 ch\u00f6\u00f9c tra\u00f9ch Pha\u00f9p d\u00f6\u00efa tre\u00e2n c\u00f4 s\u00f4\u00fb na\u00f8o \u00f1e\u00e5 ga\u00f9n ghe\u00f9p ma\u00f8u c\u00f4\u00f8 cu\u00fba ho\u00ef cho mo\u00e4t n\u00f6\u00f4\u00f9c ma\u00f8 ho\u00ef \u00f1o\u00f8i d\u00ecu da\u00e9t \u00f1e\u00e1n \u00f1o\u00e4c la\u00e4p, mo\u00e4t ne\u00e0n \u00f1o\u00e4c la\u00e4p \u00f1a\u00f5 \u00f1\u00f6\u00f4\u00efc Hie\u00e1n ch\u00f6\u00f4ng Ho\u00e4i Quo\u00e1c lie\u00e2n co\u00e2ng nha\u00e4n? Th\u00f6a nga\u00f8i, chu\u00f9ng to\u00e2i tra\u00e2n tro\u00efng ye\u00e2u ca\u00e0u nga\u00f8i xe\u00f9t l\u00f4\u00f8i pha\u00fbn kha\u00f9ng cu\u00fba chu\u00f9ng to\u00e2i ve\u00e0 va\u00e1n \u00f1e\u00e0 a\u00e1y, va\u00f8 mo\u00e4t la\u00e0n n\u00f6\u00f5a, chu\u00f9ng to\u00e2i nha\u00e9c la\u00efi nguye\u00e4n vo\u00efng tha thie\u00e1t nha\u00e1t cu\u00fba chu\u00f9ng to\u00e2i la\u00f8 nh\u00f6\u00f5ng ye\u00e2u sa\u00f9ch ch\u00ednh \u00f1a\u00f9ng cu\u00fba chu\u00f9ng to\u00e2i se\u00f5 \u00f1\u00f6\u00f4\u00efc be\u00e2nh v\u00f6\u00efc ta\u00efi ho\u00e4i ngh\u00f2. K\u00ednh mong, v.v... Thay ma\u00ebt tr\u00f6\u00f4\u00fbng \u00f1oa\u00f8n \u00f1a\u00efi bie\u00e5u Xiri \u2013 Palextin To\u00e5ng th\u00f6 ky\u00f9 EMIA SEKIP ACXLAN\u201d Ngoa\u00f8i ra, nh\u00f6\u00f5ng ng\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8i \u00f4\u00fb Hama, pha\u00e0n nhie\u00e0u la\u00f8 co\u00e2ng ch\u00f6\u00f9c, lua\u00e4t s\u00f6, gia\u00f9o s\u00f6, nha\u00f8 ba\u00f9o, nha\u00f8 buo\u00e2n, \u00f1a\u00f5 g\u00f6\u00fbi cho thu\u00fb t\u00f6\u00f4\u00f9ng Pha\u00f9p mo\u00e4t b\u00f6\u00f9c th\u00f6 ma\u00f8 sau \u00f1a\u00e2y la\u00f8 nh\u00f6\u00f5ng \u00f1oa\u00efn ch\u00ednh: \u201cTh\u00f6a nga\u00f8i thu\u00fb t\u00f6\u00f4\u00f9ng, chu\u00f9ng to\u00e2i \u00f1\u00f6\u00f4\u00efc ha\u00e2n ha\u00efnh tr\u00ecnh ba\u00f8y v\u00f4\u00f9i nga\u00f8i ca\u00f9c ye\u00e2u sa\u00f9ch cu\u00fba chu\u00f9ng to\u00e2i, \u00f1o\u00e0ng th\u00f4\u00f8i chu\u00f9ng to\u00e2i pha\u00fbn \u00f1o\u00e1i s\u00f6\u00ef pha\u00fbn \u00f6\u00f9ng cu\u00fba ca\u00f9i ho\u00e4i \u00f1o\u00e0ng \u00f1o\u00f9, s\u00f6\u00ef pha\u00fbn \u00f6\u00f9ng ma\u00f8 chu\u00f9ng to\u00e2i cho la\u00f8 \u00f1a\u00f5 \u00f1i ng\u00f6\u00f4\u00efc la\u00efi l\u00f4\u00efi \u00edch cu\u00fba chu\u00f9ng to\u00e2i va\u00f8 l\u00f4\u00efi \u00edch cu\u00fba ca\u00fb n\u00f6\u00f4\u00f9c Xiri no\u00f9i chung. 1. Ca\u00f9i ho\u00e4i \u00f1o\u00e0ng lie\u00e2n bang a\u00e1y kho\u00e2ng pha\u00fbi la\u00f8 do quo\u00e1c da\u00e2n ba\u00e0u ra. V\u00ec the\u00e1, ca\u00f9c u\u00fby vie\u00e2n cu\u00fba ho\u00e4i \u00f1o\u00e0ng \u00f1o\u00f9 hoa\u00f8n toa\u00f8n kho\u00e2ng co\u00f9 t\u00f6 ca\u00f9ch la\u00f8 \u00f1a\u00efi bie\u00e5u cu\u00fba quo\u00e1c da\u00e2n, cu\u00f5ng kho\u00e2ng the\u00e5 pha\u00fbn a\u00f9nh y\u00f9 ch\u00ed cu\u00fba quo\u00e1c da\u00e2n. 164","2. Ho\u00e4i \u00f1o\u00e0ng a\u00f9y kho\u00e2ng co\u00f9 quye\u00e0n ha\u00f8nh g\u00ec ca\u00fb; no\u00f9 b\u00f2 ba\u00e9t buo\u00e4c ch\u00e6 \u00f1\u00f6\u00f4\u00efc tha\u00fbo lua\u00e4n nh\u00f6\u00f5ng va\u00e1n \u00f1e\u00e0 na\u00f8o ma\u00f8 ng\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8i ta muo\u00e1n \u00f1\u00f6a ra tr\u00f6\u00f4\u00f9c no\u00f9, ne\u00e2n ngay ca\u00fb nh\u00f6\u00f5ng va\u00e1n \u00f1e\u00e0 so\u00e1ng co\u00f8n cu\u00fba \u00f1a\u00e1t n\u00f6\u00f4\u00f9c, no\u00f9 cu\u00f5ng kho\u00e2ng the\u00e5 \u00f1e\u00e0 ca\u00e4p \u00f1e\u00e1n \u00f1\u00f6\u00f4\u00efc. Sau he\u00e1t, ca\u00f9c ngh\u00f2 quye\u00e1t cu\u00fba ho\u00e4i \u00f1o\u00e0ng la\u00efi hoa\u00f8n toa\u00f8n phu\u00ef thuo\u00e4c va\u00f8o quye\u00e0n ha\u00f8nh cu\u00fba cao u\u00fby, cao u\u00fby co\u00f9 the\u00e5 tu\u00f8y tie\u00e4n thi ha\u00f8nh hay ba\u00f9c bo\u00fb. 3. Ch\u00ednh ngay c\u00f4 s\u00f4\u00fb cu\u00fba ho\u00e4i \u00f1o\u00e0ng a\u00e1y cu\u00f5ng kho\u00e2ng v\u00f6\u00f5ng, b\u00f4\u00fbi v\u00ec mo\u00e3i bang ch\u00e6 co\u00f9 mo\u00e4t \u00f1a\u00efi bie\u00e5u, ma\u00ebc da\u00e0u da\u00e2n so\u00e1 ca\u00f9c bang kho\u00e2ng ba\u00e8ng nhau. La\u00efi co\u00f8n \u00f1ie\u00e0u ky\u00f8 qua\u00ebc phi ly\u00f9 na\u00f8y n\u00f6\u00f5a la\u00f8 ho\u00e4i \u00f1o\u00e0ng kho\u00e2ng theo nguye\u00e2n ta\u00e9c \u00f1a so\u00e1, co\u00f9 mo\u00e4t y\u00f9 kie\u00e1n ba\u00e1t \u00f1o\u00e0ng la\u00f8 cuo\u00e4c bie\u00e5u quye\u00e1t coi nh\u00f6 kho\u00e2ng co\u00f9 gia\u00f9 tr\u00f2 va\u00f8 va\u00e1n \u00f1e\u00e0 pha\u00fbi \u00f1\u00f6a le\u00e2n cao u\u00fby quye\u00e1t \u00f1\u00f2nh. 4. Ng\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8i ta gi\u00f4\u00f9i thie\u00e4u ho\u00e4i \u00f1o\u00e0ng na\u00f8y nh\u00f6 la\u00f8 mo\u00e4t b\u00f6\u00f4\u00f9c tie\u00e1n tre\u00e2n con \u00f1\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8ng \u00f1i \u00f1e\u00e1n tho\u00e1ng nha\u00e1t, tha\u00e4t ra no\u00f9 la\u00f8 s\u00f6\u00ef phu\u00fb nha\u00e4n tho\u00e1ng nha\u00e1t, phu\u00fb nha\u00e4n ngay \u00f1e\u00e1n ca\u00fb t\u00f6 ca\u00f9ch cu\u00fba \u00f1a\u00e1t n\u00f6\u00f4\u00f9c n\u00f6\u00f5a, v\u00ec \u00f1a\u00f5 la\u00f8 mo\u00e4t ho\u00e4i \u00f1o\u00e0ng ch\u00e6 \u00f1\u00f2nh ra th\u00ec no\u00f9 hoa\u00f8n toa\u00f8n kho\u00e2ng pha\u00fbn a\u00f9nh \u00f1\u00f6\u00f4\u00efc y\u00f9 ch\u00ed cu\u00fba quo\u00e1c da\u00e2n; tha\u00e4m ch\u00ed no\u00f9 co\u00f8n co\u00f9 the\u00e5 \u00f1i ng\u00f6\u00f4\u00efc la\u00efi y\u00f9 ch\u00ed \u00f1o\u00f9, trong khi tr\u00f6\u00f4\u00f9c con ma\u00e9t cu\u00fba toa\u00f8n the\u00e1 gi\u00f4\u00f9i, no\u00f9 la\u00efi co\u00f9 the\u00e5 \u00f1\u00f6\u00f4\u00efc coi nh\u00f6 la\u00f8 c\u00f4 quan \u00f1e\u00e5 \u00f1a\u00eft nguye\u00e4n vo\u00efng cu\u00fba nha\u00e2n da\u00e2n Xiri, va\u00f8 do \u00f1o\u00f9 se\u00f5 cung ca\u00e1p cho ng\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8i ta nh\u00f6\u00f5ng ly\u00f9 do \u00f1e\u00e5 kh\u00f6\u00f4\u00f9c t\u00f6\u00f8 nh\u00f6\u00f5ng ye\u00e2u sa\u00f9ch ch\u00ednh \u00f1a\u00f9ng cu\u00fba quo\u00e1c da\u00e2n chu\u00f9ng to\u00e2i. ................... Co\u00f8n ve\u00e0 nguye\u00e4n vo\u00efng cu\u00fba chu\u00f9ng to\u00e2i, th\u00ec co\u00f9 the\u00e5 ne\u00e2u le\u00e2n nh\u00f6 sau: 165","a. Co\u00e2ng nha\u00e4n ne\u00e0n \u00f1o\u00e4c la\u00e4p tha\u00e4t s\u00f6\u00ef va\u00f8 s\u00f6\u00ef tho\u00e1ng nha\u00e1t cu\u00fba Xiri. b. Sau khi la\u00f8m xong cuo\u00e4c \u00f1ie\u00e0u tra da\u00e2n so\u00e1 \u00f1ang tie\u00e1n ha\u00f8nh th\u00ec se\u00f5 to\u00e5 ch\u00f6\u00f9c pho\u00e5 tho\u00e2ng \u00f1a\u00e0u phie\u00e1u \u00f1e\u00e5 ba\u00e0u ra quo\u00e1c ho\u00e4i. Quo\u00e1c ho\u00e4i se\u00f5 ban ha\u00f8nh hie\u00e1n pha\u00f9p va\u00f8 quye\u00e1t \u00f1\u00f2nh ch\u00ednh the\u00e5. Quo\u00e1c ho\u00e4i co\u00f9 the\u00e5 \u00f1\u00f6\u00f4\u00efc trie\u00e4u ta\u00e4p va\u00f8o cuo\u00e1i na\u00eam 1922, t\u00f6\u00f9c la\u00f8 lu\u00f9c ho\u00e4i \u00f1o\u00e0ng lie\u00e2n bang se\u00f5 \u00f1\u00f6\u00f4\u00efc trie\u00e4u ta\u00e4p. c. Tha\u00f8nh la\u00e4p mo\u00e4t ch\u00ednh phu\u00fb ch\u00f2u tra\u00f9ch nhie\u00e4m tr\u00f6\u00f4\u00f9c quo\u00e1c ho\u00e4i, va\u00f8 quo\u00e1c ho\u00e4i, trong nh\u00f6\u00f5ng quye\u00e0n ha\u00efn cu\u00fba no\u00f9, pha\u00fbi co\u00f9 toa\u00f8n quye\u00e0n la\u00e4p pha\u00f9p. \u00d1o\u00f9 m\u00f4\u00f9i la\u00f8 nh\u00f6\u00f5ng nguye\u00e4n vo\u00efng tha\u00e4t s\u00f6\u00ef cu\u00fba nha\u00e2n da\u00e2n Hama, ma\u00f8 cu\u00f5ng la\u00f8 nguye\u00e4n vo\u00efng cu\u00fba tuye\u00e4t \u00f1a\u00efi \u00f1a so\u00e1 nha\u00e2n da\u00e2n Xiri. * ** T\u00f6\u00f8 khi ta\u00e4p sa\u00f9ch nho\u00fb na\u00f8y vie\u00e1t xong, th\u00ec nhie\u00e0u bie\u00e1n co\u00e1 nghie\u00e2m tro\u00efng \u00f1a\u00f5 xa\u00fby ra \u00f4\u00fb nhie\u00e0u thuo\u00e4c \u00f1\u00f2a. \u00d1o\u00f9 la\u00f8 qua\u00fb bom \u00f4\u00fb Qua\u00fbng Cha\u00e2u(1) do mo\u00e4t ng\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8i An Nam ne\u00f9m, la\u00f8 nh\u00f6\u00f5ng qua\u00fb bom \u00f4\u00fb A\u00cangti, nh\u00f6\u00f5ng vu\u00ef ba\u00f5i co\u00e2ng \u00f1a\u00e3m ma\u00f9u \u00f4\u00fb Guya\u00f1\u00f4lu\u00f9p, nh\u00f6\u00f5ng cuo\u00e4c bie\u00e5u t\u00ecnh kho\u00e2ng ke\u00f9m \u00f1o\u00e5 ma\u00f9u \u00f4\u00fb \u00d1ama\u00f9t, nh\u00f6\u00f5ng vu\u00ef ba\u00f5i co\u00e2ng \u00f4\u00fb Bide\u00f9ct\u00f4(2), \u00f4\u00fb Hamma\u00eangl\u00edp(3) va\u00f8 t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh so\u00e2i su\u00efc \u00f4\u00fb Tuynidi. 1. Qua\u00fb bom \u00f4\u00fb Qua\u00fbng Cha\u00e2u: Nga\u00f8y 16-9-1924, Pha\u00efm Ho\u00e0ng Tha\u00f9i du\u00f8ng bom m\u00f6u gie\u00e1t te\u00e2n Me\u00f9clanh, toa\u00f8n quye\u00e0n \u00d1o\u00e2ng D\u00f6\u00f4ng, ta\u00efi Sa Die\u00e4n (thuo\u00e4c TP. Qua\u00fbng Cha\u00e2u, Trung Quo\u00e1c). 2. Bizerte: Qua\u00e2n ca\u00fbng cu\u00fba n\u00f6\u00f4\u00f9c Tuynidi. 3. Hammanlif: Mo\u00e4t tha\u00f8nh pho\u00e1 cu\u00fba n\u00f6\u00f4\u00f9c Angie\u00e2ri. 166","IV \u2013 CA\u00d9CH MA\u00cfNG NGA V\u00d4\u00d9I CA\u00d9C DA\u00c2N TO\u00c4C THUO\u00c4C \u00d1\u00d2A Chu\u00fb ngh\u00f3a t\u00f6 ba\u00fbn la\u00f8 mo\u00e4t con \u00f1\u00e6a co\u00f9 mo\u00e4t ca\u00f9i vo\u00f8i ba\u00f9m va\u00f8o giai ca\u00e1p vo\u00e2 sa\u00fbn \u00f4\u00fb ch\u00ednh quo\u00e1c va\u00f8 mo\u00e4t ca\u00f9i vo\u00f8i kha\u00f9c ba\u00f9m va\u00f8o giai ca\u00e1p vo\u00e2 sa\u00fbn \u00f4\u00fb thuo\u00e4c \u00f1\u00f2a. Ne\u00e1u muo\u00e1n gie\u00e1t con va\u00e4t a\u00e1y, ng\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8i ta pha\u00fbi \u00f1o\u00e0ng th\u00f4\u00f8i ca\u00e9t ca\u00fb hai vo\u00f8i. Ne\u00e1u ng\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8i ta ch\u00e6 ca\u00e9t mo\u00e4t vo\u00f8i tho\u00e2i, th\u00ec ca\u00f9i vo\u00f8i co\u00f8n la\u00efi kia va\u00e3n tie\u00e1p tu\u00efc hu\u00f9t ma\u00f9u cu\u00fba giai ca\u00e1p vo\u00e2 sa\u00fbn, con va\u00e4t va\u00e3n tie\u00e1p tu\u00efc so\u00e1ng va\u00f8 ca\u00f9i vo\u00f8i b\u00f2 ca\u00e9t \u00f1\u00f6\u00f9t la\u00efi se\u00f5 mo\u00efc ra. Ca\u00f9ch ma\u00efng Nga hie\u00e5u ra\u00e1t ro\u00f5 \u00f1ie\u00e0u \u00f1o\u00f9. Cho ne\u00e2n no\u00f9 kho\u00e2ng d\u00f6\u00f8ng la\u00efi \u00f4\u00fb vie\u00e4c \u00f1o\u00efc nh\u00f6\u00f5ng ba\u00f8i die\u00e3n va\u00ean ly\u00f9 t\u00f6\u00f4\u00fbng \u00f1e\u00efp \u00f1e\u00f5 va\u00f8 tho\u00e2ng qua nh\u00f6\u00f5ng kie\u00e1n ngh\u00f2 nha\u00e2n \u00f1a\u00efo \u00f1e\u00e5 u\u00fbng ho\u00e4 ca\u00f9c da\u00e2n to\u00e4c b\u00f2 a\u00f9p b\u00f6\u00f9c, ma\u00f8 Ca\u00f9ch ma\u00efng Nga da\u00efy cho ho\u00ef \u00f1a\u00e1u tranh. Ca\u00f9ch ma\u00efng Nga giu\u00f9p \u00f1\u00f4\u00f5 ho\u00ef ve\u00e0 tinh tha\u00e0n va\u00f8 va\u00e4t cha\u00e1t nh\u00f6 Le\u00e2nin \u00f1a\u00f5 vie\u00e1t trong lua\u00e4n c\u00f6\u00f4ng cu\u00fba Ng\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8i ve\u00e0 va\u00e1n \u00f1e\u00e0 thuo\u00e4c \u00f1\u00f2a(1). Ca\u00f9ch ma\u00efng Nga \u00f1a\u00f5 trie\u00e4u ta\u00e4p ho\u00ef \u00f1e\u00e1n \u00d1a\u00efi ho\u00e4i Bacu(2): hai m\u00f6\u00f4i mo\u00e1t da\u00e2n to\u00e4c ph\u00f6\u00f4ng \u00d1o\u00e2ng \u00f1a\u00f5 pha\u00f9i \u00f1a\u00efi bie\u00e5u t\u00f4\u00f9i d\u00f6\u00ef. Nh\u00f6\u00f5ng \u00f1a\u00efi bie\u00e5u cu\u00fba ca\u00f9c \u00f1a\u00fbng co\u00e2ng nha\u00e2n ph\u00f6\u00f4ng Ta\u00e2y cu\u00f5ng tham gia \u00d1a\u00efi ho\u00e4i. \u00d1o\u00f9 la\u00f8 la\u00e0n \u00f1a\u00e0u tie\u00e2n trong l\u00f2ch s\u00f6\u00fb, giai ca\u00e1p vo\u00e2 sa\u00fbn \u00f4\u00fb ca\u00f9c n\u00f6\u00f4\u00f9c xa\u00e2m l\u00f6\u00f4\u00efc va\u00f8 giai ca\u00e1p vo\u00e2 sa\u00fbn \u00f4\u00fb ca\u00f9c n\u00f6\u00f4\u00f9c b\u00f2 xa\u00e2m l\u00f6\u00f4\u00efc \u00f1a\u00f5 na\u00e9m tay nhau trong t\u00ecnh anh em va\u00f8 1. Lua\u00e4n c\u00f6\u00f4ng cu\u00fba Le\u00e2nin ve\u00e0 va\u00e1n \u00f1e\u00e0 da\u00e2n to\u00e4c va\u00f8 va\u00e1n \u00f1e\u00e0 thuo\u00e4c \u00f1\u00f2a: Ba\u00fbn \u00f1e\u00e0 c\u00f6\u00f4ng na\u00f8y do Le\u00e2nin vie\u00e1t nga\u00f8y 5-6-1920 va\u00f8 tr\u00ecnh ba\u00f8y ta\u00efi \u00d1a\u00efi ho\u00e4i la\u00e0n th\u00f6\u00f9 II cu\u00fba Quo\u00e1c te\u00e1 co\u00e4ng sa\u00fbn (na\u00eam 1920). Trong ba\u00fbn lua\u00e4n c\u00f6\u00f4ng na\u00f8y, Le\u00e2nin \u00f1a\u00f5 ne\u00e2u le\u00e2n nh\u00f6\u00f5ng va\u00e1n \u00f1e\u00e0 \u00f1\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8ng lo\u00e1i ca\u00f9ch ma\u00efng gia\u00fbi pho\u00f9ng da\u00e2n to\u00e4c \u00f4\u00fb ca\u00f9c n\u00f6\u00f4\u00f9c thuo\u00e4c \u00f1\u00f2a va\u00f8 phu\u00ef thuo\u00e4c. 2. \u00d1a\u00efi ho\u00e4i Bacu (Congre\u00f8s de Bakou): Tha\u00f9ng 9 na\u00eam 1920 ta\u00efi Bacu (thu\u00fb \u00f1o\u00e2 n\u00f6\u00f4\u00f9c Co\u00e4ng ho\u00f8a Ade\u00f9cbaida\u00eang, Lie\u00e2n Xo\u00e2), 21 da\u00e2n to\u00e4c ph\u00f6\u00f4ng \u00d1o\u00e2ng \u00f1a\u00f5 m\u00f4\u00fb mo\u00e4t cuo\u00e4c \u00f1a\u00efi ho\u00e4i, nha\u00e8m bie\u00e5u d\u00f6\u00f4ng va\u00f8 ta\u00eang c\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8ng t\u00ecnh \u00f1oa\u00f8n ke\u00e1t gi\u00f6\u00f5a ca\u00f9c da\u00e2n to\u00e4c ph\u00f6\u00f4ng \u00d1o\u00e2ng, va\u00f8 gi\u00f6\u00f5a ca\u00f9c da\u00e2n to\u00e4c ph\u00f6\u00f4ng \u00d1o\u00e2ng v\u00f4\u00f9i giai ca\u00e1p vo\u00e2 sa\u00fbn Nga cu\u00f8ng giai ca\u00e1p vo\u00e2 sa\u00fbn the\u00e1 gi\u00f4\u00f9i, \u00f1a\u00e1u tranh cho\u00e1ng chu\u00fb ngh\u00f3a \u00f1e\u00e1 quo\u00e1c. 167","cu\u00f8ng nhau t\u00ecm ca\u00f9ch \u00f1a\u00e1u tranh cho co\u00f9 hie\u00e4u qua\u00fb cho\u00e1ng chu\u00fb ngh\u00f3a t\u00f6 ba\u00fbn la\u00f8 ke\u00fb thu\u00f8 chung cu\u00fba ho\u00ef. Sau cuo\u00e4c \u00d1a\u00efi ho\u00e4i l\u00f2ch s\u00f6\u00fb a\u00e1y, ma\u00ebc da\u00e0u \u00f1ang pha\u00fbi \u00f1\u00f6\u00f4ng \u00f1a\u00e0u v\u00f4\u00f9i nh\u00f6\u00f5ng kho\u00f9 kha\u00ean do\u00e0n da\u00e4p trong n\u00f6\u00f4\u00f9c va\u00f8 ngoa\u00f8i n\u00f6\u00f4\u00f9c, n\u00f6\u00f4\u00f9c Nga ca\u00f9ch ma\u00efng va\u00e3n kho\u00e2ng he\u00e0 mo\u00e4t phu\u00f9t do d\u00f6\u00ef trong vie\u00e4c giu\u00f9p \u00f1\u00f4\u00f5 ca\u00f9c da\u00e2n to\u00e4c a\u00e1y, nh\u00f6\u00f5ng da\u00e2n to\u00e4c ma\u00f8 no\u00f9 \u00f1a\u00f5 th\u00f6\u00f9c t\u00e6nh ba\u00e8ng ta\u00e1m g\u00f6\u00f4ng ca\u00f9ch ma\u00efng anh du\u00f5ng va\u00f8 tha\u00e9ng l\u00f4\u00efi cu\u00fba no\u00f9. Vie\u00e4c la\u00f8m \u00f1a\u00e0u tie\u00e2n cu\u00fba no\u00f9 la\u00f8 tha\u00f8nh la\u00e4p Tr\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8ng \u00f1a\u00efi ho\u00efc ph\u00f6\u00f4ng \u00d1o\u00e2ng. Hie\u00e4n nay, Tr\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8ng \u00f1a\u00efi ho\u00efc ph\u00f6\u00f4ng \u00d1o\u00e2ng co\u00f9 1.025 sinh vie\u00e2n ma\u00f8 151 la\u00f8 n\u00f6\u00f5 sinh. Trong so\u00e1 sinh vie\u00e2n \u00f1o\u00f9, co\u00f9 895 ng\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8i la\u00f8 \u00f1a\u00fbng vie\u00e2n co\u00e4ng sa\u00fbn. Tha\u00f8nh pha\u00e0n xa\u00f5 ho\u00e4i cu\u00fba sinh vie\u00e2n nh\u00f6 sau: 547 no\u00e2ng da\u00e2n, 265 co\u00e2ng nha\u00e2n, 210 tr\u00ed th\u00f6\u00f9c. Ngoa\u00f8i ra co\u00f8n co\u00f9 75 ho\u00efc sinh thie\u00e1u nie\u00e2n t\u00f6\u00f8 10 \u00f1e\u00e1n 16 tuo\u00e5i. Co\u00f9 150 gia\u00f9o s\u00f6 phu\u00ef tra\u00f9ch gia\u00fbng da\u00efy ve\u00e0 khoa ho\u00efc xa\u00f5 ho\u00e4i, ve\u00e0 toa\u00f9n ho\u00efc, ve\u00e0 chu\u00fb ngh\u00f3a duy va\u00e4t l\u00f2ch s\u00f6\u00fb, ve\u00e0 l\u00f2ch s\u00f6\u00fb phong tra\u00f8o co\u00e2ng nha\u00e2n, ve\u00e0 khoa ho\u00efc t\u00f6\u00ef nhie\u00e2n, ve\u00e0 l\u00f2ch s\u00f6\u00fb ca\u00f9c cuo\u00e4c ca\u00f9ch ma\u00efng, ve\u00e0 khoa kinh te\u00e1 \u2013 ch\u00ednh tr\u00f2, v.v..., v.v... Trong l\u00f4\u00f9p ho\u00efc, thanh nie\u00e2n cu\u00fba sa\u00f9u m\u00f6\u00f4i hai da\u00e2n to\u00e4c sa\u00f9t ca\u00f9nh nhau nh\u00f6 anh em ruo\u00e4t th\u00f2t. Tr\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8ng co\u00f9 10 ngo\u00e2i nha\u00f8 l\u00f4\u00f9n da\u00f8nh cho sinh vie\u00e2n. La\u00efi co\u00f9 mo\u00e4t ra\u00efp chie\u00e1u bo\u00f9ng, th\u00f6\u00f9 na\u00eam va\u00f8 chu\u00fb nha\u00e4t chie\u00e1u cho sinh vie\u00e2n xem kho\u00e2ng la\u00e1y tie\u00e0n, ca\u00f9c nga\u00f8y kha\u00f9c th\u00ec cho mo\u00e4t ng\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8i tha\u00e0u thue\u00e2. Co\u00f9 hai th\u00f6 vie\u00e4n v\u00f4\u00f9i 47.000 quye\u00e5n sa\u00f9ch giu\u00f9p cho ca\u00f9c nha\u00f8 ca\u00f9ch ma\u00efng tre\u00fb tuo\u00e5i bo\u00e0i d\u00f6\u00f4\u00f5ng t\u00f6 t\u00f6\u00f4\u00fbng va\u00f8 \u00f1i sa\u00e2u va\u00f8o vie\u00e4c nghie\u00e2n c\u00f6\u00f9u. Mo\u00e3i da\u00e2n to\u00e4c hoa\u00ebc \u201cnho\u00f9m\u201d la\u00efi co\u00f9 mo\u00e4t tu\u00fb sa\u00f9ch rie\u00e2ng go\u00e0m sa\u00f9ch ba\u00f9o ba\u00e8ng tie\u00e1ng me\u00ef \u00f1e\u00fb cu\u00fba m\u00ecnh. Pho\u00f8ng \u00f1o\u00efc sa\u00f9ch \u00f1\u00f6\u00f4\u00efc 168","sinh vie\u00e2n trang tr\u00ed ra\u00e1t co\u00f9 my\u00f5 thua\u00e4t, va\u00f8 co\u00f9 \u00f1a\u00e0y \u00f1u\u00fb ca\u00f9c ba\u00f9o ha\u00f8ng nga\u00f8y va\u00f8 ta\u00efp ch\u00ed. Sinh vie\u00e2n t\u00f6\u00ef m\u00ecnh cu\u00f5ng ra mo\u00e4t t\u00f4\u00f8 ba\u00f9o co\u00f9 \u201cmo\u00e4t ba\u00fbn duy nha\u00e1t\u201d da\u00f9n va\u00f8o mo\u00e4t ca\u00f9i ba\u00fbng to \u00f1a\u00ebt tr\u00f6\u00f4\u00f9c c\u00f6\u00fba pho\u00f8ng \u00f1o\u00efc sa\u00f9ch. Nh\u00f6\u00f5ng ng\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8i \u00f1au o\u00e1m \u00f1\u00f6\u00f4\u00efc \u00f1ie\u00e0u tr\u00f2 trong be\u00e4nh vie\u00e4n cu\u00fba nha\u00f8 tr\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8ng. Mo\u00e4t tra\u00efi \u00f1ie\u00e0u d\u00f6\u00f4\u00f5ng \u00f4\u00fb C\u00f4rime\u00e2 \u00f1\u00f6\u00f4\u00efc da\u00f8nh rie\u00e2ng cho nh\u00f6\u00f5ng sinh vie\u00e2n m\u00f4\u00f9i o\u00e1m da\u00e4y. Ch\u00ednh phu\u00fb Xo\u00e2vie\u00e1t ta\u00ebng nha\u00f8 tr\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8ng hai tra\u00efi ngh\u00e6 go\u00e0m co\u00f9 ch\u00edn ngo\u00e2i nha\u00f8. Mo\u00e3i tra\u00efi co\u00f9 mo\u00e4t nha\u00f8 cha\u00ean nuo\u00e2i \u00f1e\u00e5 nghie\u00e2n c\u00f6\u00f9u vie\u00e4c cha\u00ean nuo\u00e2i. \u00d1o\u00e0ng ch\u00ed b\u00ed th\u00f6 no\u00e2ng nghie\u00e4p cu\u00fba tr\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8ng kho\u00e2ng gia\u00e1u no\u00e5i nie\u00e0m t\u00f6\u00ef ha\u00f8o khi no\u00f9i v\u00f4\u00f9i to\u00e2i: \u201cChu\u00f9ng to\u00e2i \u00f1a\u00f5 co\u00f9 30 con bo\u00f8 ca\u00f9i va\u00f8 50 con l\u00f4\u00efn\u201d. Tra\u00efi co\u00f8n co\u00f9 100 he\u00f9cta \u00f1a\u00e1t \u00f1e\u00e5 cho sinh vie\u00e2n tro\u00e0ng tro\u00eft. Trong ca\u00f9c ky\u00f8 ngh\u00e6, sau gi\u00f4\u00f8 la\u00f8m vie\u00e4c va\u00f8 ta\u00e4p luye\u00e4n, sinh vie\u00e2n \u00f1i giu\u00f9p \u00f1\u00f4\u00f5 no\u00e2ng da\u00e2n. Nha\u00e2n \u00f1a\u00e2y cu\u00f5ng no\u00f9i the\u00e2m ra\u00e8ng, mo\u00e4t trong hai tra\u00efi ngh\u00e6 a\u00e1y tr\u00f6\u00f4\u00f9c kia la\u00f8 ta\u00f8i sa\u00fbn cu\u00fba mo\u00e4t \u00f1a\u00efi co\u00e2ng t\u00f6\u00f4\u00f9c Nga(1). Tha\u00e4t la\u00f8 ngo\u00e4 ngh\u00f3nh khi tro\u00e2ng tha\u00e1y la\u00f9 c\u00f4\u00f8 \u00f1o\u00fb kie\u00e2u ha\u00f5nh pha\u00e1p ph\u00f4\u00f9i tre\u00e2n \u00f1\u00e6nh ngo\u00efn tha\u00f9p \u00f1\u00f6\u00f4\u00efc trang \u00f1ie\u00e5m ba\u00e8ng chie\u00e1c mu\u00f5 mie\u00e4n \u00f1a\u00efi co\u00e2ng t\u00f6\u00f4\u00f9c va\u00f8 tha\u00e1y nh\u00f6\u00f5ng ng\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8i no\u00e2ng da\u00e2n tre\u00fb tuo\u00e5i Trie\u00e0u Tie\u00e2n hay A\u00d9cme\u00e2ni chuye\u00e4n tro\u00f8 va\u00f8 vui \u00f1u\u00f8a kho\u00e2ng chu\u00f9t kie\u00e2ng ne\u00e5 trong pho\u00f8ng le\u00e3 cu\u00fba \u201choa\u00f8ng t\u00f6\u00fb \u00f1ie\u00e4n ha\u00ef\u201d. Sinh vie\u00e2n a\u00ean, ma\u00ebc, \u00f4\u00fb \u00f1e\u00e0u kho\u00e2ng ma\u00e1t tie\u00e0n. Mo\u00e3i tha\u00f9ng, mo\u00e3i ng\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8i co\u00f8n \u00f1\u00f6\u00f4\u00efc l\u00f3nh na\u00eam ru\u00f9p va\u00f8ng \u00f1e\u00e5 tie\u00e2u va\u00ebt. \u00d1e\u00e5 sinh vie\u00e2n co\u00f9 nh\u00f6\u00f5ng kie\u00e1n th\u00f6\u00f9c c\u00f4 ba\u00fbn ve\u00e0 khoa 1. T\u00f6\u00f4\u00f9c cu\u00fba tha\u00f9i t\u00f6\u00fb th\u00f4\u00f8i Nga hoa\u00f8ng. 169","nuo\u00e2i tre\u00fb, nha\u00f8 tr\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8ng nha\u00e4n \u00f1\u00f4\u00f5 \u00f1a\u00e0u mo\u00e4t nha\u00f8 nuo\u00e2i tre\u00fb va\u00f8 mo\u00e4t nha\u00f8 g\u00f6\u00fbi tre\u00fb kie\u00e5u ma\u00e3u go\u00e0m 60 em nho\u00fb xinh xa\u00e9n. Mo\u00e3i na\u00eam Tr\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8ng \u00f1a\u00efi ho\u00efc ph\u00f6\u00f4ng \u00d1o\u00e2ng chi tie\u00e2u \u00f1e\u00e1n 516.000 ru\u00f9p va\u00f8ng. Ca\u00f9c \u00f1a\u00efi bie\u00e5u cu\u00fba 62 da\u00e2n to\u00e4c trong Tr\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8ng \u00f1a\u00efi ho\u00efc la\u00e4p tha\u00f8nh mo\u00e4t \u201cCo\u00e2ng xa\u00f5\u201d. Chu\u00fb t\u00f2ch va\u00f8 ca\u00f9c ca\u00f9n s\u00f6\u00ef cu\u00fba Co\u00e2ng xa\u00f5 \u00f1e\u00e0u do \u00f1a\u00e0u phie\u00e1u pho\u00e5 tho\u00e2ng ba\u00e0u ra, ba tha\u00f9ng mo\u00e4t la\u00e0n. Mo\u00e4t \u00f1a\u00efi bie\u00e5u sinh vie\u00e2n tham gia vie\u00e4c qua\u00fbn ly\u00f9 kinh te\u00e1 va\u00f8 ha\u00f8nh ch\u00ednh. Ta\u00e1t ca\u00fb ca\u00f9c sinh vie\u00e2n \u00f1e\u00e0u la\u00e0n l\u00f6\u00f4\u00eft thay phie\u00e2n nhau la\u00f8m be\u00e1p, la\u00f8m co\u00e2ng ta\u00f9c th\u00f6 vie\u00e4n, ca\u00e2u la\u00efc bo\u00e4, v.v... Ta\u00e1t ca\u00fb nh\u00f6\u00f5ng vu\u00ef tranh cha\u00e1p va\u00f8 \u201cpha\u00efm pha\u00f9p\u201d \u00f1e\u00e0u do mo\u00e4t to\u00f8a a\u00f9n \u00f1\u00f6\u00f4\u00efc ba\u00e0u ra xe\u00f9t x\u00f6\u00fb tr\u00f6\u00f4\u00f9c ma\u00ebt toa\u00f8n the\u00e5 ca\u00f9c \u00f1o\u00e0ng ch\u00ed. Mo\u00e3i tua\u00e0n, Co\u00e2ng xa\u00f5 ho\u00efp mo\u00e4t la\u00e0n \u00f1e\u00e5 tha\u00fbo lua\u00e4n t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnhh ch\u00ednh tr\u00f2 va\u00f8 kinh te\u00e1 the\u00e1 gi\u00f4\u00f9i. Th\u00e6nh thoa\u00fbng la\u00efi to\u00e5 ch\u00f6\u00f9c nh\u00f6\u00f5ng cuo\u00e4c m\u00edttinh va\u00f8 nh\u00f6\u00f5ng buo\u00e5i to\u00e1i gia\u00fbi tr\u00ed, trong \u00f1o\u00f9 co\u00f9 nh\u00f6\u00f5ng nghe\u00e4 s\u00f3 ta\u00f8i t\u00f6\u00fb \u00f1o\u00e4t xua\u00e1t la\u00f8m cho anh em \u00f1\u00f6\u00f4\u00efc th\u00f6\u00f4\u00fbng th\u00f6\u00f9c nghe\u00e4 thua\u00e4t va\u00f8 va\u00ean ho\u00efc muo\u00e2n ma\u00f8u muo\u00e2n ve\u00fb cu\u00fba nh\u00f6\u00f5ng \u00f1a\u00e1t n\u00f6\u00f4\u00f9c xa xo\u00e2i. Mo\u00e4t \u00f1ie\u00e5m \u00f1a\u00ebc bie\u00e4t la\u00f8m no\u00e5i ba\u00e4t s\u00f6\u00ef \u201cda\u00f5 man\u201d cu\u00fba nh\u00f6\u00f5ng ng\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8i bo\u00e2nse\u00e2v\u00edch la\u00f8 kho\u00e2ng nh\u00f6\u00f5ng ho\u00ef coi nh\u00f6\u00f5ng ng\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8i da\u00e2n thuo\u00e4c \u00f1\u00f2a \u201ctha\u00e1p ke\u00f9m\u201d a\u00e1y nh\u00f6 anh em, ma\u00f8 co\u00f8n m\u00f4\u00f8i ho\u00ef tham gia \u00f1\u00f4\u00f8i so\u00e1ng ch\u00ednh tr\u00f2 cu\u00fba n\u00f6\u00f4\u00f9c Nga n\u00f6\u00f5a. Nh\u00f6\u00f5ng sinh vie\u00e2n khi \u00f4\u00fb que\u00e2 h\u00f6\u00f4ng m\u00ecnh ch\u00e6 la\u00f8 nh\u00f6\u00f5ng \u201cda\u00e2n thuo\u00e4c \u00f1\u00f2a\u201d, \u201cda\u00e2n b\u00f2 ba\u00fbo ho\u00e4\u201d, ngh\u00f3a la\u00f8 nh\u00f6\u00f5ng ng\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8i kho\u00e2ng co\u00f9 quye\u00e0n g\u00ec kha\u00f9c ngoa\u00f8i quye\u00e0n no\u00e4p thue\u00e1, nh\u00f6\u00f5ng ng\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8i kho\u00e2ng \u00f1\u00f6\u00f4\u00efc go\u00f9p y\u00f9 kie\u00e1n va\u00f8o co\u00e2ng vie\u00e4c cu\u00fba n\u00f6\u00f4\u00f9c m\u00ecnh, kho\u00e2ng \u00f1\u00f6\u00f4\u00efc phe\u00f9p ba\u00f8n ba\u00efc ch\u00ednh tr\u00f2, th\u00ec nay \u00f1\u00f6\u00f4\u00efc tham gia to\u00e5ng tuye\u00e5n c\u00f6\u00fb cu\u00fba nha\u00e2n da\u00e2n 170","\u00f1e\u00e5 ba\u00e0u nh\u00f6\u00f5ng \u00f1a\u00efi bie\u00e5u cu\u00fba m\u00ecnh va\u00f8o ca\u00f9c Xo\u00e2vie\u00e1t. Mong ra\u00e8ng nh\u00f6\u00f5ng anh em cu\u00fba to\u00e2i \u00f4\u00fb ca\u00f9c thuo\u00e4c \u00f1\u00f2a \u00f1ang hoa\u00f8i co\u00e2ng to\u00e1n cu\u00fba ca\u00e0u ca\u00efnh xin xo\u00fb thay \u00f1o\u00e5i quo\u00e1c t\u00f2ch ma\u00f5i ma\u00f8 kho\u00e2ng \u00f1\u00f6\u00f4\u00efc, ha\u00f5y th\u00f6\u00fb so sa\u00f9nh ne\u00e0n da\u00e2n chu\u00fb t\u00f6 sa\u00fbn v\u00f4\u00f9i ne\u00e0n da\u00e2n chu\u00fb vo\u00e2 sa\u00fbn xem!(1) Ta\u00e1t ca\u00fb nh\u00f6\u00f5ng sinh vie\u00e2n a\u00e1y \u00f1e\u00e0u \u00f1a\u00f5 t\u00f6\u00f8ng ch\u00f2u \u00f1au kho\u00e5 va\u00f8 tro\u00e2ng tha\u00e1y ca\u00fbnh \u00f1au kho\u00e5. Ta\u00e1t ca\u00fb \u00f1e\u00e0u \u00f1a\u00f5 so\u00e1ng d\u00f6\u00f4\u00f9i \u201cne\u00e0n va\u00ean minh cao \u00f1a\u00fang\u201d va\u00f8 d\u00f6\u00f4\u00f9i s\u00f6\u00ef a\u00f9p b\u00f6\u00f9c bo\u00f9c lo\u00e4t cu\u00fba chu\u00fb ngh\u00f3a t\u00f6 ba\u00fbn n\u00f6\u00f4\u00f9c ngoa\u00f8i. Cho ne\u00e2n, ta\u00e1t ca\u00fb \u00f1e\u00e0u pha\u00e1n kh\u00f4\u00fbi va\u00f8 thie\u00e1t tha ho\u00efc ho\u00fbi. Ho\u00ef ra\u00e1t ha\u00eang ha\u00f9i va\u00f8 nghie\u00e2m tu\u00f9c. Ho\u00ef hoa\u00f8n toa\u00f8n kho\u00e2ng co\u00f9 ve\u00fb co\u00e2ng t\u00f6\u00fb a\u00ean ch\u00f4i nha\u00f8n nha\u00f5(2) nh\u00f6 nh\u00f6\u00f5ng thanh nie\u00e2n ph\u00f6\u00f4ng \u00d1o\u00e2ng du ho\u00efc \u00f4\u00fb Pari, O\u00c2x\u00f4pho, hoa\u00ebc Be\u00f9clin. Ng\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8i ta co\u00f9 the\u00e5 no\u00f9i kho\u00e2ng ngoa ra\u00e8ng, Tr\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8ng \u00f1a\u00efi ho\u00efc ph\u00f6\u00f4ng \u00d1o\u00e2ng a\u00e1p u\u00fb d\u00f6\u00f4\u00f9i ma\u00f9i cu\u00fba m\u00ecnh t\u00f6\u00f4ng lai cu\u00fba ca\u00f9c da\u00e2n to\u00e4c thuo\u00e4c \u00f1\u00f2a. Mie\u00e0n Ca\u00e4n \u00d1o\u00e2ng va\u00f8 Vie\u00e3n \u00d1o\u00e2ng, ke\u00e5 t\u00f6\u00f8 Xiri \u00f1e\u00e1n Trie\u00e0u Tie\u00e2n \u2013 ch\u00e6 t\u00ednh nh\u00f6\u00f5ng n\u00f6\u00f4\u00f9c thuo\u00e4c \u00f1\u00f2a va\u00f8 n\u00f6\u00fba thuo\u00e4c \u00f1\u00f2a tho\u00e2i \u2013 co\u00f9 mo\u00e4t die\u00e4n t\u00edch ro\u00e4ng h\u00f4n 15 trie\u00e4u kilo\u00e2me\u00f9t vuo\u00e2ng, v\u00f4\u00f9i so\u00e1 da\u00e2n h\u00f4n 1.200 trie\u00e4u ng\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8i. Ta\u00e1t ca\u00fb nh\u00f6\u00f5ng n\u00f6\u00f4\u00f9c ro\u00e4ng l\u00f4\u00f9n a\u00e1y hie\u00e4n \u00f1ang \u00f4\u00fb d\u00f6\u00f4\u00f9i a\u00f9ch cu\u00fba chu\u00fb ngh\u00f3a \u00f1e\u00e1 quo\u00e1c t\u00f6 ba\u00fbn. Va\u00f8 ma\u00ebc da\u00e0u da\u00e2n so\u00e1 cu\u00fba ho\u00ef \u00f1a\u00f9ng le\u00f5 pha\u00fbi la\u00f8m cho ho\u00ef co\u00f9 s\u00f6\u00f9c ma\u00efnh, ca\u00f9c da\u00e2n to\u00e4c b\u00f2 a\u00f9p b\u00f6\u00f9c \u00f1o\u00f9 va\u00e3n ch\u00f6a bao gi\u00f4\u00f8 ra s\u00f6\u00f9c t\u00ecm to\u00f8i tha\u00e4t \u00f1e\u00e1n n\u00f4i \u00f1e\u00e1n cho\u00e1n con \u00f1\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8ng t\u00f6\u00ef gia\u00fbi pho\u00f9ng, cho ne\u00e2n ho\u00ef ch\u00f6a hie\u00e5u 1. Ba\u00fbn tie\u00e1ng Pha\u00f9p xua\u00e1t ba\u00fbn na\u00eam 1946: \u201c... la de\u00f9mocratie bourgeoise et la de\u00f9mocratie ouvrie\u00f8re!\u201d (ne\u00e0n da\u00e2n chu\u00fb t\u00f6 sa\u00fbn va\u00f8 ne\u00e0n da\u00e2n chu\u00fb cu\u00fba co\u00e2ng nha\u00e2n). 2. Nguye\u00e2n va\u00ean: Ils n\u2019ont pas du tout l\u2019air boulevardier et quartier-latiniste\u2026, co\u00f9 ngh\u00f3a la\u00f8: ho\u00ef kho\u00e2ng co\u00f9 ve\u00fb ha\u00efng ng\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8i rong ch\u00f4i tre\u00e2n ca\u00f9c \u00f1a\u00efi lo\u00e4 hoa\u00ebc \u00f4\u00fb khu pho\u00e1 latinh. 171","\u00f1\u00f6\u00f4\u00efc gia\u00f9 tr\u00f2 cu\u00fba s\u00f6\u00ef \u00f1oa\u00f8n ke\u00e1t da\u00e2n to\u00e4c va\u00f8 \u00f1oa\u00f8n ke\u00e1t quo\u00e1c te\u00e1. Ho\u00ef ch\u00f6a co\u00f9 nh\u00f6\u00f5ng mo\u00e1i lie\u00e2n he\u00e4 gi\u00f6\u00f5a ca\u00f9c lu\u00efc \u00f1\u00f2a nh\u00f6 ca\u00f9c da\u00e2n to\u00e4c cha\u00e2u A\u00c2u va\u00f8 cha\u00e2u My\u00f5. Ho\u00ef co\u00f9 sa\u00fcn trong ba\u00fbn tha\u00e2n mo\u00e4t s\u00f6\u00f9c ma\u00efnh vo\u00e2 cu\u00f8ng to l\u00f4\u00f9n ma\u00f8 ho\u00ef ch\u00f6a bie\u00e1t! Vie\u00e4c tha\u00f8nh la\u00e4p Tr\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8ng \u00f1a\u00efi ho\u00efc ph\u00f6\u00f4ng \u00d1o\u00e2ng \u00f1a\u00f9nh da\u00e1u mo\u00e4t ky\u00fb nguye\u00e2n m\u00f4\u00f9i; trong khi ta\u00e4p h\u00f4\u00efp nh\u00f6\u00f5ng ng\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8i tre\u00fb trung, hoa\u00eft ba\u00f9t, tho\u00e2ng minh cu\u00fba ca\u00f9c n\u00f6\u00f4\u00f9c thuo\u00e4c \u00f1\u00f2a la\u00efi, nha\u00f8 tr\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8ng \u00f1ang tie\u00e1n ha\u00f8nh mo\u00e4t s\u00f6\u00ef nghie\u00e4p v\u00f3 \u00f1a\u00efi la\u00f8: a. Gia\u00f9o du\u00efc cho ca\u00f9c chie\u00e1n s\u00f3 t\u00f6\u00f4ng lai a\u00e1y na\u00e9m \u00f1\u00f6\u00f4\u00efc nguye\u00e2n ly\u00f9 \u00f1a\u00e1u tranh giai ca\u00e1p la\u00f8 nguye\u00e2n ly\u00f9 ma\u00f8 mo\u00e4t ma\u00ebt, nh\u00f6\u00f5ng cuo\u00e4c \u00f1a\u00e1u tranh chu\u00fbng to\u00e4c, ma\u00ebt kha\u00f9c, nh\u00f6\u00f5ng ta\u00e4p tu\u00efc gia tr\u00f6\u00f4\u00fbng \u00f1a\u00f5 la\u00f8m cho m\u00f4 ho\u00e0, la\u00e3n lo\u00e4n trong \u00f1a\u00e0u o\u00f9c ho\u00ef. b. La\u00f8m cho \u00f1o\u00e4i tie\u00e2n phong cu\u00fba lao \u00f1o\u00e4ng thuo\u00e4c \u00f1\u00f2a tie\u00e1p xu\u00f9c ma\u00e4t thie\u00e1t v\u00f4\u00f9i giai ca\u00e1p vo\u00e2 sa\u00fbn ph\u00f6\u00f4ng Ta\u00e2y \u00f1e\u00e5 do\u00efn \u00f1\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8ng cho mo\u00e4t s\u00f6\u00ef h\u00f4\u00efp ta\u00f9c tha\u00e4t s\u00f6\u00ef sau na\u00f8y; ch\u00e6 co\u00f9 s\u00f6\u00ef h\u00f4\u00efp ta\u00f9c na\u00f8y m\u00f4\u00f9i \u00f1a\u00fbm ba\u00fbo cho giai ca\u00e1p co\u00e2ng nha\u00e2n quo\u00e1c te\u00e1 gia\u00f8nh \u00f1\u00f6\u00f4\u00efc tha\u00e9ng l\u00f4\u00efi cuo\u00e1i cu\u00f8ng. c. La\u00f8m cho ca\u00f9c da\u00e2n to\u00e4c thuo\u00e4c \u00f1\u00f2a, t\u00f6\u00f8 tr\u00f6\u00f4\u00f9c \u00f1e\u00e1n nay va\u00e3n ca\u00f9ch bie\u00e4t nhau, hie\u00e5u bie\u00e1t nhau h\u00f4n va\u00f8 \u00f1oa\u00f8n ke\u00e1t la\u00efi \u00f1e\u00e5 \u00f1a\u00ebt c\u00f4 s\u00f4\u00fb cho mo\u00e4t Lie\u00e2n minh ph\u00f6\u00f4ng \u00d1o\u00e2ng t\u00f6\u00f4ng lai, kho\u00e1i lie\u00e2n minh na\u00f8y se\u00f5 la\u00f8 mo\u00e4t trong nh\u00f6\u00f5ng ca\u00f9i ca\u00f9nh c\u00f6\u00fba ca\u00f9ch ma\u00efng vo\u00e2 sa\u00fbn. d. Ne\u00e2u le\u00e2n cho giai ca\u00e1p vo\u00e2 sa\u00fbn \u00f4\u00fb nh\u00f6\u00f5ng n\u00f6\u00f4\u00f9c ma\u00f8 giai ca\u00e1p t\u00f6 sa\u00fbn co\u00f9 thuo\u00e4c \u00f1\u00f2a, mo\u00e4t ta\u00e1m g\u00f6\u00f4ng ve\u00e0 nh\u00f6\u00f5ng \u00f1ie\u00e0u ho\u00ef co\u00f9 the\u00e5 la\u00f8m va\u00f8 pha\u00fbi la\u00f8m cho nh\u00f6\u00f5ng anh em cu\u00fba ho\u00ef \u00f1ang b\u00f2 no\u00e2 d\u00f2ch. 172","V \u2013 H\u00d4\u00d5I ANH EM VO\u00c2 SA\u00dbN VA\u00d8 NO\u00c2NG DA\u00c2N CA\u00d9C THUO\u00c4C \u00d1\u00d2A! Cuo\u00e4c che\u00f9m gie\u00e1t \u00f1a\u00e3m ma\u00f9u the\u00e1 gi\u00f4\u00f9i \u00f1a\u00f5 m\u00f4\u00fb ma\u00e9t cho ha\u00f8ng trie\u00e4u vo\u00e2 sa\u00fbn va\u00f8 no\u00e2ng da\u00e2n ca\u00f9c thuo\u00e4c \u00f1\u00f2a tha\u00e1y ro\u00f5 hoa\u00f8n ca\u00fbnh sinh so\u00e1ng kho\u00e2ng sao ch\u00f2u no\u00e5i cu\u00fba m\u00ecnh. Mo\u00e4t loa\u00eft nh\u00f6\u00f5ng cuo\u00e4c bu\u00f8ng no\u00e5 ca\u00f9ch ma\u00efng ma\u00f5nh lie\u00e4t, nh\u00f6ng ch\u00f6a \u00f1\u00f6\u00f4\u00efc to\u00e5 ch\u00f6\u00f9c, \u00f1a\u00f5 \u00f1a\u00f9nh da\u00e1u s\u00f6\u00ef ke\u00e1t thu\u00f9c cu\u00fba cuo\u00e4c chie\u00e1n tranh the\u00e1 gi\u00f4\u00f9i. L\u00f6\u00efc l\u00f6\u00f4\u00efng t\u00f6\u00ef pha\u00f9t kho\u00e2ng g\u00ec nga\u00ean no\u00e5i va\u00f8 kha\u00f9t khao chie\u00e1n \u00f1a\u00e1u cho mo\u00e4t t\u00f6\u00f4ng lai to\u00e1t \u00f1e\u00efp h\u00f4n a\u00e1y, la\u00f8 do giai ca\u00e1p t\u00f6 sa\u00fbn da\u00e2n to\u00e4c ba\u00fbn x\u00f6\u00f9 to\u00e5 ch\u00f6\u00f9c va\u00f8 la\u00f5nh \u00f1a\u00efo. L\u00f4\u00f9n ma\u00efnh le\u00e2n trong th\u00f4\u00f8i ky\u00f8 chie\u00e1n tranh, giai ca\u00e1p t\u00f6 sa\u00fbn da\u00e2n to\u00e4c \u00f1o\u00f9 kho\u00e2ng muo\u00e1n na\u00e8m ma\u00f5i trong nanh vuo\u00e1t cu\u00fba chu\u00fb ngh\u00f3a \u00f1e\u00e1 quo\u00e1c va\u00f8 \u00f1e\u00e5 cho chu\u00f9ng na\u00e9m pha\u00e0n to l\u00f4\u00f9n nha\u00e1t trong vie\u00e4c bo\u00f9c lo\u00e4t \u201cco\u00e2ng nha\u00e2n va\u00f8 no\u00e2ng da\u00e2n cu\u00fba m\u00ecnh\u201d n\u00f6\u00f5a. Kha\u00e5u hie\u00e4u \u00f1a\u00e1u tranh gia\u00fbi pho\u00f9ng da\u00e2n to\u00e4c cu\u00fba giai ca\u00e1p t\u00f6 sa\u00fbn tre\u00fb tuo\u00e5i \u00f4\u00fb thuo\u00e4c \u00f1\u00f2a \u00f1e\u00e0 ra, \u00f1\u00f6\u00f4\u00efc qua\u00e0n chu\u00f9ng lao \u00f1o\u00e4ng \u00f4\u00fb A\u00c1n \u00d1o\u00e4, Ai Ca\u00e4p, Tho\u00e5 Nh\u00f3 Ky\u00f8, v.v... hoan nghe\u00e2nh nhie\u00e4t lie\u00e4t va\u00f8 u\u00fbng ho\u00e4 ma\u00efnh me\u00f5. Quo\u00e1c te\u00e1 co\u00e4ng sa\u00fbn(1) \u00f1a\u00e1u tranh kho\u00e2ng ng\u00f6\u00f8ng cho\u00e1ng 1. Quo\u00e1c te\u00e1 co\u00e4ng sa\u00fbn (Internationale communiste): Mo\u00e4t to\u00e5 ch\u00f6\u00f9c ca\u00f9ch ma\u00efng quo\u00e1c te\u00e1, trung ta\u00e2m la\u00f5nh \u00f1a\u00efo cu\u00fba phong tra\u00f8o co\u00e2ng nha\u00e2n the\u00e1 gi\u00f4\u00f9i t\u00f6\u00f8 na\u00eam 1919 \u00f1e\u00e1n na\u00eam 1943. Trong chie\u00e1n tranh the\u00e1 gi\u00f4\u00f9i th\u00f6\u00f9 nha\u00e1t, nh\u00f6\u00f5ng ng\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8i ca\u00e0m \u00f1a\u00e0u Quo\u00e1c te\u00e1 th\u00f6\u00f9 hai pha\u00fbn bo\u00e4i chu\u00fb ngh\u00f3a Ma\u00f9c, \u00f1a\u00e0u ha\u00f8ng chu\u00fb ngh\u00f3a \u00f1e\u00e1 quo\u00e1c. Le\u00e2nin va\u00f8 nh\u00f6\u00f5ng ng\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8i co\u00e4ng sa\u00fbn cha\u00e2n ch\u00ednh \u00f1a\u00f5 tha\u00f8nh la\u00e4p mo\u00e4t to\u00e5 ch\u00f6\u00f9c co\u00e4ng sa\u00fbn quo\u00e1c te\u00e1 m\u00f4\u00f9i, trie\u00e4t \u00f1e\u00e5 ca\u00f9ch ma\u00efng: Quo\u00e1c te\u00e1 co\u00e4ng sa\u00fbn (Quo\u00e1c te\u00e1 th\u00f6\u00f9 ba). To\u00e5 ch\u00f6\u00f9c na\u00f8y \u00f1\u00f6\u00f4\u00efc tha\u00f8nh la\u00e4p ta\u00efi mo\u00e4t cuo\u00e4c \u00d1a\u00efi ho\u00e4i do Le\u00e2nin trie\u00e4u ta\u00e4p va\u00f8o tha\u00f9ng 3 na\u00eam 1919 \u00f4\u00fb Ma\u00f9txc\u00f4va. Tuye\u00e2n ngo\u00e2n cu\u00fba \u00d1a\u00efi ho\u00e4i \u00f1a\u00f5 ne\u00e2u ba\u00e4t la\u00e4p tr\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8ng ca\u00f9ch ma\u00efng trie\u00e4t \u00f1e\u00e5 \u00f1a\u00e1u tranh gia\u00f8nh chuye\u00e2n ch\u00ednh vo\u00e2 sa\u00fbn, kie\u00e2n quye\u00e1t \u00f1a\u00e1u tranh tie\u00e2u die\u00e4t chu\u00fb ngh\u00f3a t\u00f6 ba\u00fbn, xa\u00e2y d\u00f6\u00efng che\u00e1 \u00f1o\u00e4 xa\u00f5 ho\u00e4i chu\u00fb ngh\u00f3a va\u00f8 le\u00e2n a\u00f9n nh\u00f6\u00f5ng ha\u00f8nh v\u00f2 pha\u00fbn bo\u00e4i cu\u00fba Quo\u00e1c te\u00e1 th\u00f6\u00f9 hai. Tra\u00fbi qua 24 na\u00eam \u00f1a\u00e1u tranh cho\u00e1ng chu\u00fb ngh\u00f3a \u00f1e\u00e1 quo\u00e1c, chu\u00fb ngh\u00f3a pha\u00f9t x\u00edt, xa\u00e2y d\u00f6\u00efng ca\u00f9c \u00f1a\u00fbng co\u00e4ng sa\u00fbn \u00f4\u00fb ca\u00f9c n\u00f6\u00f4\u00f9c, ca\u00ean c\u00f6\u00f9 va\u00f8o hoa\u00f8n ca\u00fbnh m\u00f4\u00f9i, na\u00eam 1943 Quo\u00e1c te\u00e1 co\u00e4ng sa\u00fbn \u00f1a\u00f5 t\u00f6\u00ef gia\u00fbi ta\u00f9n. 173","bo\u00efn ca\u00f9 ma\u00e4p t\u00f6 ba\u00fbn \u00f4\u00fb ta\u00e1t ca\u00fb ca\u00f9c n\u00f6\u00f4\u00f9c tre\u00e2n the\u00e1 gi\u00f4\u00f9i. Co\u00f9 the\u00e5 na\u00f8o no\u00f9 la\u00efi gia\u00fb v\u00f4\u00f8 quay l\u00f6ng la\u00efi v\u00f4\u00f9i phong tra\u00f8o gia\u00fbi pho\u00f9ng da\u00e2n to\u00e4c \u00f4\u00fb ca\u00f9c n\u00f6\u00f4\u00f9c thuo\u00e4c \u00f1\u00f2a va\u00f8 n\u00f6\u00fba thuo\u00e4c \u00f1\u00f2a \u00f1\u00f6\u00f4\u00efc kho\u00e2ng? Kho\u00e2ng! Quo\u00e1c te\u00e1 co\u00e4ng sa\u00fbn \u00f1a\u00f5 co\u00e2ng khai tuye\u00e2n bo\u00e1 u\u00fbng ho\u00e4 va\u00f8 giu\u00f9p \u00f1\u00f4\u00f5 cuo\u00e4c \u00f1a\u00e1u tranh a\u00e1y, va\u00f8 trung tha\u00f8nh v\u00f4\u00f9i mu\u00efc tie\u00e2u cu\u00fba m\u00ecnh, Quo\u00e1c te\u00e1 co\u00e4ng sa\u00fbn va\u00e3n tie\u00e1p tu\u00efc u\u00fbng ho\u00e4 cuo\u00e4c \u00f1a\u00e1u tranh a\u00e1y. (Tr\u00edch Tuye\u00e2n ngo\u00e2n cu\u00fba Ban cha\u00e1p ha\u00f8nh Quo\u00e1c te\u00e1 th\u00f6\u00f9 ba) VI \u2013 MO\u00c4T BA\u00dbN HIE\u00c4U TRIE\u00c4U CU\u00dbA QUO\u00c1C TE\u00c1 NO\u00c2NG DA\u00c2N(*) G\u00d6\u00dbI NO\u00c2NG DA\u00c2N LAO \u00d1O\u00c4NG CA\u00d9C THUO\u00c4C \u00d1\u00d2A Quo\u00e1c te\u00e1 no\u00e2ng da\u00e2n m\u00f4\u00f9i \u00f1a\u00e2y ho\u00efp \u00d1a\u00efi ho\u00e4i la\u00e0n \u00f1a\u00e0u tie\u00e2n \u00f4\u00fb Ma\u00f9txc\u00f4va \u00f1a\u00f5 ra l\u00f4\u00f8i ke\u00e2u go\u00efi d\u00f6\u00f4\u00f9i \u00f1a\u00e2y \u00f1e\u00e5 to\u00fb ro\u00f5 s\u00f6\u00ef quan ta\u00e2m cu\u00fba m\u00ecnh \u00f1o\u00e1i v\u00f4\u00f9i no\u00e2ng da\u00e2n lao \u00f1o\u00e4ng ca\u00f9c thuo\u00e4c \u00f1\u00f2a: H\u00f4\u00f5i anh ch\u00f2 em no\u00e2ng da\u00e2n lao \u00f1o\u00e4ng ca\u00f9c thuo\u00e4c \u00f1\u00f2a! H\u00f4\u00f5i anh ch\u00f2 em no\u00e2ng da\u00e2n thuo\u00e4c \u00f1\u00f2a, anh ch\u00f2 em la\u00f8 nh\u00f6\u00f5ng ng\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8i no\u00e2 le\u00e4 hie\u00e4n \u00f1a\u00efi: ha\u00f8ng trie\u00e4u anh ch\u00f2 em \u00f4\u00fb ngoa\u00f8i \u00f1o\u00e0ng ruo\u00e4ng, tre\u00e2n tha\u00fbo nguye\u00e2n va\u00f8 trong nu\u00f9i r\u00f6\u00f8ng cu\u00fba hai lu\u00efc \u00f1\u00f2a, \u00f1ang re\u00e2n sie\u00e1t d\u00f6\u00f4\u00f9i hai ta\u00e0ng a\u00f9p b\u00f6\u00f9c cu\u00fba chu\u00fb ngh\u00f3a t\u00f6 ba\u00fbn n\u00f6\u00f4\u00f9c ngoa\u00f8i va\u00f8 bo\u00efn chu\u00fb ba\u00fbn x\u00f6\u00f9. *. Quo\u00e1c te\u00e1 no\u00e2ng da\u00e2n (Internationale Paysanne): Mo\u00e4t to\u00e5 ch\u00f6\u00f9c do Quo\u00e1c te\u00e1 co\u00e4ng sa\u00fbn tha\u00f8nh la\u00e4p nha\u00e8m ta\u00e4p h\u00f4\u00efp, va\u00e4n \u00f1o\u00e4ng no\u00e2ng da\u00e2n ca\u00f9c thuo\u00e4c \u00f1\u00f2a la\u00f8m ca\u00f9ch ma\u00efng d\u00f6\u00f4\u00f9i s\u00f6\u00ef la\u00f5nh \u00f1a\u00efo cu\u00fba ca\u00f9c \u00f1a\u00fbng co\u00e4ng sa\u00fbn. \u00d1o\u00e0ng ch\u00ed Nguye\u00e3n A\u00d9i Quo\u00e1c, v\u00f4\u00f9i t\u00f6 ca\u00f9ch la\u00f8 \u00f1a\u00efi bie\u00e5u no\u00e2ng da\u00e2n ca\u00f9c n\u00f6\u00f4\u00f9c thuo\u00e4c \u00f1\u00f2a \u00f1a\u00f5 d\u00f6\u00ef Ho\u00e4i ngh\u00f2 quo\u00e1c te\u00e1 no\u00e2ng da\u00e2n (ho\u00efp t\u00f6\u00f8 nga\u00f8y 12 \u00f1e\u00e1n nga\u00f8y 15 tha\u00f9ng 10 na\u00eam 1923) va\u00f8 \u00f1\u00f6\u00f4\u00efc ba\u00e0u va\u00f8o Ban cha\u00e1p ha\u00f8nh Quo\u00e1c te\u00e1 no\u00e2ng da\u00e2n. 174","Ho\u00efp la\u00e0n \u00f1a\u00e0u tie\u00e2n \u00f4\u00fb Ma\u00f9txc\u00f4va \u00f1e\u00e5 tha\u00f8nh la\u00e4p mo\u00e4t to\u00e5 ch\u00f6\u00f9c \u00f1a\u00e1u tranh ma\u00f8 cho \u00f1e\u00e1n nay no\u00e2ng da\u00e2n ch\u00f6a co\u00f9, \u00d1a\u00efi ho\u00e4i no\u00e2ng da\u00e2n quo\u00e1c te\u00e1 ke\u00e2u go\u00efi y\u00f9 th\u00f6\u00f9c giai ca\u00e1p cu\u00fba anh ch\u00f2 em va\u00f8 ye\u00e2u ca\u00e0u anh ch\u00f2 em ha\u00f5y gia nha\u00e4p ha\u00f8ng ngu\u00f5 to\u00e5 ch\u00f6\u00f9c \u00f1o\u00f9. Anh ch\u00f2 em co\u00f8n kho\u00e1n kho\u00e5 h\u00f4n ca\u00f9c ba\u00efn no\u00e2ng da\u00e2n \u00f4\u00fb ch\u00ednh quo\u00e1c, v\u00ec nga\u00f8y co\u00e2ng qua\u00f9 da\u00f8i, v\u00ec \u00f1o\u00f9i kho\u00e5, v\u00ec nga\u00f8y mai ba\u00e1p be\u00e2nh. Anh ch\u00f2 em th\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8ng b\u00f2 c\u00f6\u00f4\u00f5ng ba\u00f9ch lao \u00f1o\u00e4ng nh\u00f6 kho\u00e5 sai, b\u00f2 ba\u00e9t \u00f1i khua\u00e2n va\u00f9c \u00f1e\u00e1n che\u00e1t ng\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8i va\u00f8 \u00f1i lao d\u00f2ch kho\u00e2ng th\u00f4\u00f8i ha\u00efn. Anh ch\u00f2 em b\u00f2 \u00f1e\u00f8 be\u00efp d\u00f6\u00f4\u00f9i thue\u00e1 kho\u00f9a. Chu\u00fb ngh\u00f3a t\u00f6 ba\u00fbn bo\u00f9c lo\u00e4t d\u00ecm anh ch\u00f2 em trong ca\u00fbnh to\u00e1i ta\u00eam ngu do\u00e1t, a\u00f9p b\u00f6\u00f9c anh ch\u00f2 em ve\u00e0 ma\u00ebt t\u00f6 t\u00f6\u00f4\u00fbng va\u00f8 tie\u00e2u die\u00e4t no\u00f8i gio\u00e1ng cu\u00fba anh ch\u00f2 em ba\u00e8ng r\u00f6\u00f4\u00efu va\u00f8 thuo\u00e1c phie\u00e4n. Che\u00e1 \u00f1o\u00e4 ba\u00fbn x\u00f6\u00f9 b\u00e6 o\u00e5i do bo\u00efn \u00f1e\u00e1 quo\u00e1c t\u00f6 ba\u00fbn \u00f1a\u00ebt ra, t\u00f6\u00f4\u00f9c ma\u00e1t cu\u00fba anh ch\u00f2 em mo\u00efi quye\u00e0n t\u00f6\u00ef do ca\u00f9 nha\u00e2n, mo\u00efi quye\u00e0n l\u00f4\u00efi ch\u00ednh tr\u00f2 va\u00f8 xa\u00f5 ho\u00e4i, do \u00f1o\u00f9, \u00f1a\u00f5 ha\u00ef anh ch\u00f2 em xuo\u00e1ng tha\u00e2n pha\u00e4n tra\u00e2u ng\u00f6\u00efa. \u00d1a\u00e5y anh ch\u00f2 em va\u00f8o ca\u00fbnh cu\u00f8ng kho\u00e5 va\u00f8 pha\u00f9 sa\u00fbn nh\u00f6 va\u00e4y ch\u00f6a \u00f1u\u00fb, chu\u00fb ngh\u00f3a t\u00f6 ba\u00fbn co\u00f8n ba\u00e9t anh ch\u00f2 em l\u00eca bo\u00fb gia \u00f1\u00ecnh, \u00f1o\u00e0ng ruo\u00e4ng, \u00f1\u00f6a anh ch\u00f2 em ra la\u00f8m bia \u00f1\u00f4\u00f5 \u00f1a\u00efn, ne\u00f9m anh ch\u00f2 em va\u00f8o nh\u00f6\u00f5ng cuo\u00e4c chie\u00e1n tranh huynh \u00f1e\u00e4 t\u00f6\u00f4ng ta\u00f8n \u00f1a\u00f9nh la\u00efi nha\u00e2n da\u00e2n ba\u00fbn x\u00f6\u00f9 kha\u00f9c hoa\u00ebc cho\u00e1ng la\u00efi no\u00e2ng da\u00e2n, co\u00e2ng nha\u00e2n \u00f4\u00fb ch\u00ednh quo\u00e1c. H\u00f4\u00f5i anh ch\u00f2 em cu\u00f8ng kho\u00e5 \u00f4\u00fb ca\u00f9c thuo\u00e4c \u00f1\u00f2a! Ha\u00f5y \u00f1oa\u00f8n ke\u00e1t la\u00efi! 175","Ha\u00f5y to\u00e5 ch\u00f6\u00f9c la\u00efi! Ha\u00f5y pho\u00e1i h\u00f4\u00efp ha\u00f8nh \u00f1o\u00e4ng cu\u00fba anh ch\u00f2 em v\u00f4\u00f9i ha\u00f8nh \u00f1o\u00e4ng cu\u00fba chu\u00f9ng to\u00e2i, chu\u00f9ng ta cu\u00f8ng nhau \u00f1a\u00e1u tranh cho co\u00e2ng cuo\u00e4c gia\u00fbi pho\u00f9ng chung! Co\u00e2ng cuo\u00e4c gia\u00fbi pho\u00f9ng nha\u00e2n da\u00e2n thuo\u00e4c \u00f1\u00f2a tha\u00f8nh co\u00e2ng muo\u00e2n na\u00eam! Quo\u00e1c te\u00e1 lao \u00f1o\u00e4ng muo\u00e2n na\u00eam! Quo\u00e1c te\u00e1 no\u00e2ng da\u00e2n muo\u00e2n na\u00eam! VII \u2013 TO\u00c5 CH\u00d6\u00d9C CO\u00c2NG \u00d1OA\u00d8N \u00d4\u00db THUO\u00c4C \u00d1\u00d2A Tr\u00edch bie\u00e2n ba\u00fbn phie\u00e2n ho\u00efp nga\u00f8y 27 tha\u00f9ng 6 na\u00eam 1923, ky\u00f8 ho\u00efp th\u00f6\u00f9 ba cu\u00fba Ban cha\u00e1p ha\u00f8nh trung \u00f6\u00f4ng Quo\u00e1c te\u00e1 Co\u00e2ng ho\u00e4i \u00f1o\u00fb(1). \u00d1a\u00e1u tranh co\u00e2ng \u00f1oa\u00f8n \u00f4\u00fb thuo\u00e4c \u00f1\u00f2a Chu\u00fb ngh\u00f3a \u00f1e\u00e1 quo\u00e1c hie\u00e4n \u00f1a\u00efi \u00f1a\u00ebt ne\u00e0n mo\u00f9ng tre\u00e2n s\u00f6\u00ef bo\u00f9c lo\u00e4t ha\u00f8ng trie\u00e4u ng\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8i lao \u00f1o\u00e4ng \u00f4\u00fb ca\u00f9c n\u00f6\u00f4\u00f9c thuo\u00e4c \u00f1\u00f2a va\u00f8 n\u00f6\u00fba thuo\u00e4c \u00f1\u00f2a. B\u00f4\u00fbi the\u00e1, no\u00f9 ch\u00e6 tan ra\u00f5 hoa\u00f8n toa\u00f8n va\u00f8 v\u00f3nh vie\u00e3n khi na\u00f8o chu\u00f9ng ta pha\u00f9 bo\u00fb \u00f1\u00f6\u00f4\u00efc ne\u00e0n mo\u00f9ng \u00f1o\u00f9 cu\u00fba la\u00e2u \u00f1a\u00f8i \u00f1e\u00e1 quo\u00e1c chu\u00fb ngh\u00f3a. Theo quan \u00f1ie\u00e5m \u00f1o\u00f9, vie\u00e4c to\u00e5 ch\u00f6\u00f9c co\u00e2ng \u00f1oa\u00f8n \u00f4\u00fb ca\u00f9c n\u00f6\u00f4\u00f9c thuo\u00e4c \u00f1\u00f2a co\u00f9 mo\u00e4t ta\u00e0m quan tro\u00efng \u00f1a\u00ebc bie\u00e4t. The\u00e1 ma\u00f8 \u00f1oa\u00f8n vie\u00e2n cu\u00fba Quo\u00e1c 1. Quo\u00e1c te\u00e1 Co\u00e2ng ho\u00e4i \u00f1o\u00fb (Internationale Syndicale Rouge): Mo\u00e4t to\u00e5 ch\u00f6\u00f9c quo\u00e1c te\u00e1 cu\u00fba nh\u00f6\u00f5ng ng\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8i co\u00e2ng nha\u00e2n ca\u00f9ch ma\u00efng, tha\u00f8nh la\u00e4p nga\u00f8y 3 tha\u00f9ng 7 na\u00eam 1921. Quo\u00e1c te\u00e1 Co\u00e2ng ho\u00e4i \u00f1o\u00fb chu\u00fb tr\u00f6\u00f4ng \u00f1a\u00e1u tranh ca\u00f9ch ma\u00efng theo \u00f1\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8ng lo\u00e1i cu\u00fba Quo\u00e1c te\u00e1 co\u00e4ng sa\u00fbn. Na\u00eam 1925, to\u00e5 ch\u00f6\u00f9c na\u00f8y \u00f1a\u00f5 pha\u00f9t trie\u00e5n trong giai ca\u00e1p co\u00e2ng nha\u00e2n cu\u00fba ga\u00e0n 50 n\u00f6\u00f4\u00f9c, trong \u00f1o\u00f9 co\u00f9 nhie\u00e0u n\u00f6\u00f4\u00f9c cha\u00e2u A\u00d9, co\u00f9 vai tro\u00f8 l\u00f4\u00f9n trong vie\u00e4c giu\u00f9p \u00f1\u00f4\u00f5 phong tra\u00f8o ca\u00f9ch ma\u00efng \u00f4\u00fb ca\u00f9c n\u00f6\u00f4\u00f9c thuo\u00e4c \u00f1\u00f2a. 176","te\u00e1 Co\u00e2ng ho\u00e4i \u00f1o\u00fb ha\u00e0u nh\u00f6 ch\u00f6a he\u00e0 la\u00f8m \u00f1\u00f6\u00f4\u00efc g\u00ec \u00f4\u00fb Ai Ca\u00e4p, \u00f4\u00fb Tuynidi va\u00f8 \u00f4\u00fb ta\u00e1t ca\u00fb ca\u00f9c n\u00f6\u00f4\u00f9c \u00f1\u00f6\u00f4ng na\u00e8m d\u00f6\u00f4\u00f9i go\u00f9t sa\u00e9t cu\u00fba chu\u00fb ngh\u00f3a \u00f1e\u00e1 quo\u00e1c Pha\u00f9p. Mo\u00e1i lie\u00e2n he\u00e4 hie\u00e4n co\u00f9 gi\u00f6\u00f5a ca\u00f9c nho\u00f9m co\u00e2ng nha\u00e2n \u00f4\u00fb ca\u00f9c thuo\u00e4c \u00f1\u00f2a Pha\u00f9p va\u00f8 ca\u00f9c co\u00e2ng \u00f1oa\u00f8n Pha\u00f9p ch\u00e6 la\u00f8 do nga\u00e3u nhie\u00e2n. Kho\u00e2ng co\u00f9 mo\u00e4t hoa\u00eft \u00f1o\u00e4ng co\u00f9 he\u00e4 tho\u00e1ng na\u00f8o ca\u00fb, ma\u00f8 ro\u00f5 ra\u00f8ng la\u00f8 ne\u00e1u ch\u00f6a tranh thu\u00fb \u00f1\u00f6\u00f4\u00efc qua\u00e0n chu\u00f9ng \u00f4\u00fb thuo\u00e4c \u00f1\u00f2a th\u00ec chu\u00f9ng ta kho\u00e2ng \u00f1u\u00fb s\u00f6\u00f9c pha\u00f9 hu\u00fby bo\u00e4 ma\u00f9y \u00f1e\u00e1 quo\u00e1c chu\u00fb ngh\u00f3a. Vie\u00e4c ca\u00e0n thie\u00e1t hie\u00e4n nay la\u00f8 pha\u00fbi pha\u00f9t \u00f1o\u00e4ng mo\u00e4t cuo\u00e4c tuye\u00e2n truye\u00e0n ro\u00e4ng l\u00f4\u00f9n \u00f1e\u00e5 tha\u00f8nh la\u00e4p ca\u00f9c to\u00e5 ch\u00f6\u00f9c co\u00e2ng \u00f1oa\u00f8n \u00f4\u00fb ca\u00f9c n\u00f6\u00f4\u00f9c thuo\u00e4c \u00f1\u00f2a va\u00f8 pha\u00f9t trie\u00e5n ca\u00f9c co\u00e2ng \u00f1oa\u00f8n hie\u00e4n co\u00f9 d\u00f6\u00f4\u00f9i h\u00ecnh th\u00f6\u00f9c pho\u00e2i thai. Ngoa\u00f8i ra, chu\u00f9ng ta ca\u00e0n pha\u00fbi to\u00fb ro\u00f5 t\u00ecnh h\u00f6\u00f5u a\u00f9i giai ca\u00e1p th\u00f6\u00efc s\u00f6\u00ef gi\u00f6\u00f5a nh\u00f6\u00f5ng ng\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8i lao \u00f1o\u00e4ng thuo\u00e4c mo\u00efi da\u00e2n to\u00e4c, mo\u00efi chu\u00fbng to\u00e4c \u00f1e\u00e5 kha\u00e9c phu\u00efc s\u00f6\u00ef nghi k\u00ee cu\u00fba nh\u00f6\u00f5ng ng\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8i lao \u00f1o\u00e4ng thuo\u00e4c \u00f1\u00f2a \u00f1o\u00e1i v\u00f4\u00f9i nh\u00f6\u00f5ng \u00f1a\u00efi die\u00e4n cu\u00fba nh\u00f6\u00f5ng ng\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8i lao \u00f1o\u00e4ng thuo\u00e4c \u00f1\u00f2a \u00f1o\u00e1i v\u00f4\u00f9i nh\u00f6\u00f5ng \u00f1a\u00efi die\u00e4n cu\u00fba nh\u00f6\u00f5ng chu\u00fbng to\u00e4c tho\u00e1ng tr\u00f2. Mo\u00e1i lie\u00e2n he\u00e4 h\u00f6\u00f5u c\u00f4 gi\u00f6\u00f5a co\u00e2ng \u00f1oa\u00f8n thuo\u00e4c \u00f1\u00f2a va\u00f8 co\u00e2ng \u00f1oa\u00f8n ch\u00ednh quo\u00e1c ch\u00e6 co\u00f9 the\u00e5 la\u00f8 ke\u00e1t qua\u00fb cu\u00fba mo\u00e4t qua\u00f9 tr\u00ecnh co\u00e2ng ta\u00f9c la\u00e2u da\u00f8i trong ca\u00f9c thuo\u00e4c \u00f1\u00f2a. Kho\u00e2ng \u00f1\u00f6\u00f4\u00efc que\u00e2n nh\u00f6\u00f5ng ng\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8i lao \u00f1o\u00e4ng thuo\u00e4c \u00f1\u00f2a, pha\u00fbi giu\u00f9p \u00f1\u00f4\u00f5 ca\u00f9c to\u00e5 ch\u00f6\u00f9c cu\u00fba ho\u00ef, \u00f1a\u00e1u tranh be\u00e0n b\u00e6 cho\u00e1ng nh\u00f6\u00f5ng ch\u00ednh phu\u00fb cu\u00fba ch\u00ednh quo\u00e1c \u00f1ang a\u00f9p b\u00f6\u00f9c ca\u00f9c thuo\u00e4c \u00f1\u00f2a, \u00f1o\u00f9 la\u00f8 mo\u00e4t trong nh\u00f6\u00f5ng nhie\u00e4m vu\u00ef ca\u00e1p thie\u00e1t nha\u00e1t cu\u00fba ta\u00e1t ca\u00fb ca\u00f9c co\u00e2ng \u00f1oa\u00f8n ca\u00f9ch ma\u00efng, nha\u00e1t la\u00f8 \u00f4\u00fb ca\u00f9c n\u00f6\u00f4\u00f9c co\u00f9 giai ca\u00e1p t\u00f6 sa\u00fbn \u00f1i no\u00e2 d\u00f2ch va\u00f8 bo\u00f9c lo\u00e4t ca\u00f9c n\u00f6\u00f4\u00f9c thuo\u00e4c \u00f1\u00f2a va\u00f8 n\u00f6\u00fba thuo\u00e4c \u00f1\u00f2a. * ** 177","TUYE\u00c2N NGO\u00c2N CU\u00dbA \u201cHO\u00c4I LIE\u00c2N HIE\u00c4P THUO\u00c4C \u00d1\u00d2A\u201d, TO\u00c5 CH\u00d6\u00d9C CU\u00dbA NH\u00d6\u00d5NG NG\u00d6\u00d4\u00d8I DA\u00c2N BA\u00dbN X\u00d6\u00d9 \u00d4\u00db TA\u00c1T CA\u00db CA\u00d9C THUO\u00c4C \u00d1\u00d2A \u201cH\u00f4\u00f5i anh em \u00f4\u00fb ca\u00f9c thuo\u00e4c \u00f1\u00f2a! Na\u00eam 1914, v\u00ec pha\u00fbi \u00f1\u00f6\u00f4ng \u00f1a\u00e0u v\u00f4\u00f9i mo\u00e4t tai ho\u00efa ghe\u00e2 g\u00f4\u00f9m, nh\u00f6\u00f5ng ng\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8i ca\u00e0m quye\u00e0n nha\u00f8 n\u00f6\u00f4\u00f9c \u00f1a\u00f5 quay ve\u00e0 ph\u00eda anh em va\u00f8 ye\u00e2u ca\u00e0u anh em \u00f1o\u00e0ng t\u00ecnh go\u00f9p pha\u00e0n hy sinh cu\u00fba m\u00ecnh \u00f1e\u00e5 c\u00f6\u00f9u va\u00f5n mo\u00e4t to\u00e5 quo\u00e1c ma\u00f8 ng\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8i ta no\u00f9i la\u00f8 cu\u00fba anh em, nh\u00f6ng tha\u00e4t ra cho \u00f1e\u00e1n khi \u00f1o\u00f9, anh em ch\u00e6 bie\u00e1t co\u00f9 ca\u00f9i \u00f1a\u00e0u o\u00f9c tho\u00e1ng tr\u00f2 cu\u00fba no\u00f9 ma\u00f8 tho\u00e2i. \u00d1e\u00e5 la\u00f8m cho anh em kho\u00e2ng nga\u00e0n nga\u00efi, ho\u00ef kho\u00e2ng que\u00e2n la\u00f8m lo\u00f9e le\u00e2n tr\u00f6\u00f4\u00f9c ma\u00e9t anh em nh\u00f6\u00f5ng quye\u00e0n l\u00f4\u00efi ma\u00f8 s\u00f6\u00ef h\u00f4\u00efp ta\u00f9c v\u00f4\u00f9i ho\u00ef se\u00f5 \u00f1\u00f6a la\u00efi cho anh em. Nh\u00f6ng qua c\u00f4n ba\u00f5o ta\u00f9p ro\u00e0i, th\u00ec \u00f1a\u00e2u la\u00efi hoa\u00f8n \u00f1o\u00f9, anh em va\u00e3n pha\u00fbi so\u00e1ng trong che\u00e1 \u00f1o\u00e4 ba\u00fbn x\u00f6\u00f9, v\u00f4\u00f9i nh\u00f6\u00f5ng to\u00f8a a\u00f9n \u00f1a\u00ebc bie\u00e4t, thie\u00e1u ha\u00fan ca\u00f9c quye\u00e0n l\u00f4\u00efi ga\u00e9n lie\u00e0n v\u00f4\u00f9i pha\u00e5m gia\u00f9 con ng\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8i nh\u00f6 quye\u00e0n t\u00f6\u00ef do la\u00e4p ho\u00e4i, t\u00f6\u00ef do ho\u00e4i ho\u00efp, t\u00f6\u00ef do ba\u00f9o ch\u00ed, t\u00f6\u00ef do \u00f1i la\u00efi ngay ca\u00fb tre\u00e2n \u00f1a\u00e1t n\u00f6\u00f4\u00f9c cu\u00fba anh em. \u00d1o\u00f9 la\u00f8 ve\u00e0 ma\u00ebt ch\u00ednh tr\u00f2. Ve\u00e0 ma\u00ebt kinh te\u00e1, anh em va\u00e3n pha\u00fbi ch\u00f2u na\u00efn s\u00f6u d\u00f2ch na\u00ebng ne\u00e0 ma\u00f8 nha\u00e2n da\u00e2n oa\u00f9n ghe\u00f9t, va\u00e3n pha\u00fbi \u00f1o\u00f9ng thue\u00e1 muo\u00e1i, va\u00e3n b\u00f2 \u00f1a\u00e0u \u00f1o\u00e4c va\u00f8 c\u00f6\u00f4\u00f5ng ba\u00f9ch tie\u00e2u thu\u00ef r\u00f6\u00f4\u00efu va\u00f8 thuo\u00e1c phie\u00e4n nh\u00f6 \u00f4\u00fb \u00d1o\u00e2ng D\u00f6\u00f4ng, va\u00e3n b\u00f2 \u00f1i ga\u00f9c \u00f1e\u00e2m \u00f1e\u00e5 canh gi\u00f6\u00f5 ta\u00f8i sa\u00fbn cho bo\u00efn ca\u00f9 ma\u00e4p th\u00f6\u00efc da\u00e2n, nh\u00f6 \u00f4\u00fb Angie\u00e2ri. Lao \u00f1o\u00e4ng nh\u00f6 nhau, nh\u00f6ng co\u00e2ng s\u00f6\u00f9c cu\u00fba anh em la\u00efi b\u00f2 tra\u00fb tie\u00e0n \u00edt h\u00f4n ca\u00f9c ba\u00efn ng\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8i A\u00c2u cu\u00fba anh em. Cuo\u00e1i cu\u00f8ng, ng\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8i ta h\u00f6\u00f9a he\u00efn v\u00f4\u00f9i anh em \u00f1u\u00fb mo\u00efi th\u00f6\u00f9 178","tre\u00e2n tr\u00f4\u00f8i d\u00f6\u00f4\u00f9i bie\u00e5n, nh\u00f6ng gi\u00f4\u00f8 \u00f1a\u00e2y anh em tha\u00e1y toa\u00f8n la\u00f8 nh\u00f6\u00f5ng l\u00f4\u00f8i l\u00f6\u00f8a do\u00e1i ca\u00fb. Anh em pha\u00fbi la\u00f8m the\u00e1 na\u00f8o \u00f1e\u00e5 \u00f1\u00f6\u00f4\u00efc gia\u00fbi pho\u00f9ng? Va\u00e4n du\u00efng co\u00e2ng th\u00f6\u00f9c cu\u00fba Ca\u00f9c Ma\u00f9c(1), chu\u00f9ng to\u00e2i xin no\u00f9i v\u00f4\u00f9i anh em ra\u00e8ng, co\u00e2ng cuo\u00e4c gia\u00fbi pho\u00f9ng anh em ch\u00e6 co\u00f9 the\u00e5 th\u00f6\u00efc hie\u00e4n \u00f1\u00f6\u00f4\u00efc ba\u00e8ng s\u00f6\u00ef no\u00e3 l\u00f6\u00efc cu\u00fba ba\u00fbn tha\u00e2n anh em. Ho\u00e4i Lie\u00e2n hie\u00e4p thuo\u00e4c \u00f1\u00f2a tha\u00f8nh la\u00e4p ch\u00ednh la\u00f8 \u00f1e\u00e5 giu\u00f9p \u00f1\u00f4\u00f5 anh em trong co\u00e2ng cuo\u00e4c a\u00e1y. V\u00f4\u00f9i s\u00f6\u00ef giu\u00f9p \u00f1\u00f4\u00f5 cu\u00fba ca\u00f9c \u00f1o\u00e0ng ch\u00ed \u00f4\u00fb ch\u00ednh quo\u00e1c \u00f1o\u00e0ng t\u00ecnh v\u00f4\u00f9i s\u00f6\u00ef nghie\u00e4p cu\u00fba chu\u00f9ng ta, Ho\u00e4i ta\u00e4p h\u00f4\u00efp ta\u00e1t ca\u00fb nh\u00f6\u00f5ng ng\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8i que\u00e2 \u00f4\u00fb thuo\u00e4c \u00f1\u00f2a hie\u00e4n so\u00e1ng tre\u00e2n \u00f1a\u00e1t Pha\u00f9p. Bie\u00e4n pha\u00f9p hoa\u00eft \u00f1o\u00e4ng: \u00d1e\u00e5 th\u00f6\u00efc hie\u00e4n s\u00f6\u00ef nghie\u00e4p ch\u00ednh ngh\u00f3a a\u00e1y, Ho\u00e4i quye\u00e1t \u00f1\u00f2nh \u00f1\u00f6a va\u00e1n \u00f1e\u00e0 ra tr\u00f6\u00f4\u00f9c d\u00f6 lua\u00e4n ba\u00e8ng ba\u00f9o ch\u00ed va\u00f8 ngo\u00e2n lua\u00e4n (to\u00e5 ch\u00f6\u00f9c no\u00f9i chuye\u00e4n, m\u00edttinh, tho\u00e2ng qua ca\u00f9c ba\u00efn da\u00e2n bie\u00e5u ma\u00f8 \u00f1a\u00ebt va\u00e1n \u00f1e\u00e0 ra tre\u00e2n die\u00e3n \u00f1a\u00f8n ca\u00f9c ngh\u00f2 vie\u00e4n) va\u00f8 ba\u00e8ng ta\u00e1t ca\u00fb mo\u00efi bie\u00e4n pha\u00f9p ma\u00f8 chu\u00f9ng ta co\u00f9 the\u00e5 la\u00f8m. H\u00f4\u00f5i ca\u00f9c ba\u00efn b\u00f2 a\u00f9p b\u00f6\u00f9c \u00f4\u00fb ch\u00ednh quo\u00e1c! Giai ca\u00e1p t\u00f6 sa\u00fbn trong n\u00f6\u00f4\u00f9c ca\u00f9c ba\u00efn \u00f1a\u00f5 l\u00f6\u00f8a do\u00e1i ca\u00f9c ba\u00efn, du\u00f8ng ca\u00f9c ba\u00efn la\u00f8m co\u00e2ng cu\u00ef \u00f1i xa\u00e2m l\u00f6\u00f4\u00efc \u00f1a\u00e1t n\u00f6\u00f4\u00f9c chu\u00f9ng to\u00e2i. Nga\u00f8y nay, va\u00e3n du\u00f8ng ca\u00f9i ch\u00ednh sa\u00f9ch quy\u00fb quye\u00e4t a\u00e1y, giai ca\u00e1p t\u00f6 sa\u00fbn n\u00f6\u00f4\u00f9c ca\u00f9c ba\u00efn la\u00efi \u00f1\u00f2nh du\u00f8ng chu\u00f9ng to\u00e2i \u00f1e\u00e5 \u00f1a\u00f8n a\u00f9p mo\u00efi co\u00e1 ga\u00e9ng t\u00f6\u00ef gia\u00fbi pho\u00f9ng cu\u00fba ca\u00f9c ba\u00efn. 1. Nguye\u00e2n ba\u00fbn: Formule de Karl Marx. Co\u00e2ng th\u00f6\u00f9c na\u00f8y Ma\u00f9c ne\u00e2u trong \u00d1ie\u00e0u le\u00e4 cu\u00fba Ho\u00e4i Lie\u00e2n hie\u00e4p lao \u00f1o\u00e4ng quo\u00e1c te\u00e1: \u201cS\u00f6\u00ef gia\u00fbi pho\u00f9ng cu\u00fba giai ca\u00e1p co\u00e2ng nha\u00e2n pha\u00fbi la\u00f8 s\u00f6\u00ef nghie\u00e4p cu\u00fba ba\u00fbn tha\u00e2n giai ca\u00e1p co\u00e2ng nha\u00e2n\u201d. 179","\u00d1\u00f6\u00f9ng tr\u00f6\u00f4\u00f9c chu\u00fb ngh\u00f3a t\u00f6 ba\u00fbn va\u00f8 chu\u00fb ngh\u00f3a \u00f1e\u00e1 quo\u00e1c, quye\u00e0n l\u00f4\u00efi cu\u00fba chu\u00f9ng ta la\u00f8 tho\u00e1ng nha\u00e1t, ca\u00f9c ba\u00efn ha\u00f5y nh\u00f4\u00f9 l\u00f4\u00f8i ke\u00e2u go\u00efi cu\u00fba Ca\u00f9c Ma\u00f9c: \u201cVo\u00e2 sa\u00fbn ta\u00e1t ca\u00fb ca\u00f9c n\u00f6\u00f4\u00f9c, \u00f1oa\u00f8n ke\u00e1t la\u00efi!\u201d\u201d. \u201cHo\u00e4i Lie\u00e2n hie\u00e4p thuo\u00e4c \u00f1\u00f2a\u201d 180","PHU\u00cf LU\u00cfC G\u00d6\u00dbI THANH NIE\u00c2N AN NAM O\u00c2ng \u00d1ume, nguye\u00e2n toa\u00f8n quye\u00e0n \u00d1o\u00e2ng D\u00f6\u00f4ng \u00f1a\u00f5 vie\u00e1t: \u201cKhi n\u00f6\u00f4\u00f9c Pha\u00f9p \u00f1e\u00e1n \u00d1o\u00e2ng D\u00f6\u00f4ng, th\u00ec da\u00e2n to\u00e4c An Nam \u00f1a\u00f5 ch\u00edn muo\u00e0i \u00f1e\u00e5 la\u00f8m no\u00e2 le\u00e4\u201d. T\u00f6\u00f8 \u00f1o\u00f9 \u00f1e\u00e1n nay h\u00f4n mo\u00e4t n\u00f6\u00fba the\u00e1 ky\u00fb \u00f1a\u00f5 tro\u00e2i qua. Nhie\u00e0u bie\u00e1n co\u00e1 phi th\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8ng \u00f1a\u00f5 la\u00f8m \u00f1a\u00fbo lo\u00e4n the\u00e1 gi\u00f4\u00f9i. Nha\u00e4t Ba\u00fbn \u00f1a\u00f5 \u00f1\u00f6\u00f9ng va\u00f8o ha\u00f8ng \u00f1a\u00e0u ca\u00f9c c\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8ng quo\u00e1c tre\u00e2n the\u00e1 gi\u00f4\u00f9i. Trung Hoa \u00f1a\u00f5 la\u00f8m ca\u00f9ch ma\u00efng. Nga \u00f1a\u00f5 to\u00e1ng co\u00e5 lu\u00f5 ba\u00efo chu\u00f9a \u00f1i \u00f1e\u00e5 tr\u00f4\u00fb tha\u00f8nh mo\u00e4t n\u00f6\u00f4\u00f9c co\u00e4ng ho\u00f8a vo\u00e2 sa\u00fbn. Mo\u00e4t luo\u00e0ng gio\u00f9 gia\u00fbi pho\u00f9ng ma\u00efnh me\u00f5 \u00f1a\u00f5 la\u00f8m cho ca\u00f9c da\u00e2n to\u00e4c b\u00f2 a\u00f9p b\u00f6\u00f9c vu\u00f8ng le\u00e2n. Ng\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8i Air\u00f4lan, Ai Ca\u00e4p, Trie\u00e0u Tie\u00e2n, A\u00c1n \u00d1o\u00e4, ta\u00e1t ca\u00fb nh\u00f6\u00f5ng ng\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8i chie\u00e1n ba\u00efi ho\u00e2m qua va\u00f8 no\u00e2 le\u00e4 ho\u00e2m nay \u00f1o\u00f9, \u00f1\u00f6\u00f4ng \u00f1a\u00e1u tranh du\u00f5ng ca\u00fbm cho ne\u00e0n \u00f1o\u00e4c la\u00e4p nga\u00f8y mai cu\u00fba ho\u00ef. Rie\u00e2ng ng\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8i An Nam, th\u00ec va\u00e3n c\u00f6\u00f9 the\u00e1: sa\u00fcn sa\u00f8ng la\u00f8m no\u00e2 le\u00e4. Ha\u00f5y nghe \u00f1oa\u00efn va\u00ean kho\u00e1n na\u00efn na\u00f8y cu\u00fba mo\u00e4t te\u00e2n kha\u00f9ch An Nam trong mo\u00e4t b\u00f6\u00f5a tie\u00e4c hai tra\u00eam ng\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8i a\u00ean, to\u00e5 ch\u00f6\u00f9c ra \u00f1e\u00e5 chie\u00e2u \u00f1a\u00f5i bo\u00efn Ut\u00f4ra\u00e2y, Valuyd\u00f4 va\u00f8 be\u00f8 lu\u00f5 181","va\u00f8 \u00f1e\u00e5 \u00f1\u00f6\u00f4\u00efc ng\u00f6\u00fbi mu\u00f8i b\u00edt ta\u00e1t tho\u00e1i cu\u00fba bo\u00efn \u201clie\u00e2n minh da\u00e2n to\u00e4c\u201d na\u00f8y. Anh cha\u00f8ng An Nam a\u00e1y \u00f1a\u00f5 kho\u00e2ng nga\u00efi bo\u00fb ra 85 quan cho mo\u00e4t b\u00f6\u00f5a che\u00f8 che\u00f9n. Ha\u00e9n \u00f1o\u00efc die\u00e3n va\u00ean ta\u00efi b\u00f6\u00f5a tie\u00e4c: \u201cTo\u00e2i la\u00e1y la\u00f8m t\u00f6\u00ef ha\u00f8o \u00f1\u00f6\u00f4\u00efc thay ma\u00ebt cho toa\u00f8n the\u00e5 c\u00f6\u00fb to\u00efa no\u00f9i le\u00e2n ta\u00e1m lo\u00f8ng to\u00e2n k\u00ednh sa\u00e2u sa\u00e9c, nie\u00e0m vui m\u00f6\u00f8ng va\u00f8 lo\u00f8ng bie\u00e1t \u00f4n cu\u00fba chu\u00f9ng to\u00e2i \u00f1o\u00e1i v\u00f4\u00f9i ca\u00f9c v\u00f2. \u00d1o\u00e1i v\u00f4\u00f9i con ma\u00e9t kha\u00e2m phu\u00efc cu\u00fba chu\u00f9ng to\u00e2i, ca\u00f9c v\u00f2 tha\u00e4t la\u00f8 nh\u00f6\u00f5ng ng\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8i tie\u00e2u bie\u00e5u cho ch\u00ednh phu\u00fb cu\u00fba da\u00e2n to\u00e4c Pha\u00f9p vinh quang. To\u00e2i kho\u00e2ng t\u00ecm ra \u00f1\u00f6\u00f4\u00efc danh t\u00f6\u00f8 na\u00f8o \u00f1u\u00fb \u00f1e\u00efp \u00f1e\u00e5 no\u00f9i le\u00e2n cho tha\u00e4t \u00f1u\u00f9ng y\u00f9 ngh\u00f3a cu\u00fba t\u00f6 t\u00f6\u00f4\u00fbng sa\u00e2u k\u00edn trong chu\u00f9ng to\u00e2i, nh\u00f6ng th\u00f6a ca\u00f9c v\u00f2, ca\u00f9c v\u00f2 ha\u00f5y tin \u00f4\u00fb t\u00ecnh ga\u00e9n bo\u00f9 thu\u00fby chung, \u00f4\u00fb lo\u00f8ng trung tha\u00f8nh, \u00f4\u00fb s\u00f6\u00ef su\u00f8ng ba\u00f9i cu\u00fba chu\u00f9ng to\u00e2i \u00f1o\u00e1i v\u00f4\u00f9i n\u00f6\u00f4\u00f9c \u00d1a\u00efi Pha\u00f9p, la\u00f8 ng\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8i \u00f1\u00f4\u00f5 \u00f1a\u00e0u va\u00f8 ba\u00fbo ho\u00e4, \u00f1a\u00f5 coi chu\u00f9ng to\u00e2i nh\u00f6 con, kho\u00e2ng pha\u00e2n bie\u00e4t ma\u00f8u da va\u00f8 chu\u00fbng to\u00e4c. Mo\u00e3i ng\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8i chu\u00f9ng to\u00e2i \u00f1e\u00e0u \u00f1a\u00f5 t\u00f6\u00ef m\u00ecnh nha\u00e4n tha\u00e1y ta\u00e1t ca\u00fb nh\u00f6\u00f5ng a\u00e2n hue\u00e4 ma\u00f8 Nha\u00f8 n\u00f6\u00f4\u00f9c ch\u00ed to\u00e2n va\u00f8 nh\u00f6\u00f5ng v\u00f2 \u00f1a\u00efi die\u00e4n cho n\u00f6\u00f4\u00f9c \u00d1a\u00efi Pha\u00f9p \u00f1a\u00f5 ban cho chu\u00f9ng to\u00e2i ba\u00e8ng ca\u00f9ch a\u00f9p du\u00efng \u00f1u\u00f9ng \u00f1a\u00e9n va\u00f8 sa\u00f9ng suo\u00e1t nh\u00f6\u00f5ng lua\u00e4t pha\u00f9p ro\u00e4ng ra\u00f5i va\u00f8 khoan ho\u00e0ng\u201d. Trong \u00f1a\u00f9m tang vie\u00e2n toa\u00f8n quye\u00e0n Lo\u00e2ng, o\u00e2ng N.K.V, tie\u00e1n s\u00f3 lua\u00e4t, tie\u00e1n s\u00f3 khoa ch\u00ednh tr\u00f2 va\u00f8 kinh te\u00e1, la\u00f8m vie\u00e4c ta\u00efi to\u00f8a bie\u00e4n ly\u00f9 Sa\u00f8i Go\u00f8n, \u00f1a\u00f5 qua\u00fb quye\u00e1t ra\u00e8ng, ne\u00e1u co\u00f9 the\u00e5 pha\u00f9t bie\u00e5u thay toa\u00f8n the\u00e5 nha\u00e2n da\u00e2n \u00d1o\u00e2ng D\u00f6\u00f4ng, th\u00ec o\u00e2ng se\u00f5 \u00f1au \u00f1\u00f4\u00f9n no\u00f9i le\u00e2n l\u00f4\u00f8i ca\u00fbm ta\u00ef thie\u00e1t tha \u00f1o\u00e1i v\u00f4\u00f9i quan toa\u00f8n quye\u00e0n ve\u00e0 ta\u00e1t ca\u00fb nh\u00f6\u00f5ng g\u00ec ma\u00f8 Nga\u00f8i \u00f1a\u00f5 la\u00f8m cho da\u00e2n to\u00e4c An Nam. Ro\u00e0i o\u00e2ng V. ke\u00e2u to le\u00e2n ra\u00e8ng: 182","\u201cNh\u00f6\u00f5ng ng\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8i ma\u00f8 nh\u00f4\u00f8 nh\u00f6\u00f5ng bie\u00e4n pha\u00f9p bao dung cu\u00fba Nga\u00f8i, nga\u00f8y nay \u00f1ang \u00f1\u00f6\u00f4\u00efc cu\u00f8ng ca\u00f9c v\u00f2 \u00f1a\u00efi die\u00e4n cu\u00fba Nha\u00f8 n\u00f6\u00f4\u00f9c ba\u00fbo ho\u00e4 go\u00f9p pha\u00e0n va\u00f8o s\u00f6\u00ef pho\u00e0n vinh kho\u00e2ng ng\u00f6\u00f8ng ta\u00eang le\u00e2n cu\u00fba x\u00f6\u00f9 \u00d1o\u00e2ng D\u00f6\u00f4ng, nh\u00f6\u00f5ng ng\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8i a\u00e1y ca\u00fbm ta\u00ef Nga\u00f8i t\u00f6\u00ef \u00f1a\u00f9y lo\u00f8ng va\u00f8 su\u00f8ng ba\u00f9i h\u00ecnh a\u00fbnh cu\u00fba Nga\u00f8i. Kinh te\u00e1 la\u00f8 va\u00e1n \u00f1e\u00e0 ma\u00f8 Nga\u00f8i lo ngh\u00f3 \u00f1e\u00e1n nhie\u00e0u nha\u00e1t. Nga\u00f8i \u00f1a\u00f5 muo\u00e1n cho \u00d1o\u00e2ng D\u00f6\u00f4ng co\u00f9 \u00f1u\u00fb trang b\u00f2 kinh te\u00e1 \u00f1e\u00e5 tr\u00f4\u00fb tha\u00f8nh mo\u00e4t n\u00f6\u00f4\u00f9c Pha\u00f9p th\u00f6\u00f9 hai, mo\u00e4t n\u00f6\u00f4\u00f9c Pha\u00f9p hu\u00f8ng c\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8ng \u00f4\u00fb Vie\u00e3n \u00d1o\u00e2ng, mo\u00e4t chi nha\u00f9nh cu\u00fba n\u00f6\u00f4\u00f9c Pha\u00f9p Co\u00e4ng ho\u00f8a! Nga\u00f8i \u00f1a\u00f5 \u00f1em he\u00e1t ta\u00e2m ho\u00e0n, tr\u00ed na\u00f5o va\u00f8o s\u00f6\u00f9 me\u00e4nh cu\u00fba Nga\u00f8i la\u00f8 khai ho\u00f9a cho mo\u00e4t da\u00e2n to\u00e4c b\u00f2 nga\u00ean ca\u00fbn tre\u00e2n con \u00f1\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8ng tie\u00e1n bo\u00e4 v\u00ec nhie\u00e0u \u00f1ie\u00e0u kie\u00e4n l\u00f2ch s\u00f6\u00fb va\u00f8 kh\u00ed ha\u00e4u. Nga\u00f8i la\u00f8 ng\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8i chie\u00e1n s\u00f3 vo\u00e2 song cu\u00fba tie\u00e1n bo\u00e4 va\u00f8 la\u00f8 s\u00f6\u00f9 gia\u00fb cu\u00fba va\u00ean minh\u2026\u201d. Co\u00f8n o\u00e2ng Cao Va\u00ean Sen, ky\u00f5 s\u00f6, ho\u00e4i tr\u00f6\u00f4\u00fbng ho\u00e4i nh\u00f6\u00f5ng ng\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8i \u00d1o\u00e2ng D\u00f6\u00f4ng ta\u00efi Pha\u00f9p, th\u00ec no\u00f9i ra\u00e8ng vie\u00e4c o\u00e2ng Lo\u00e2ng che\u00e1t qua\u00f9 s\u00f4\u00f9m la\u00f8 mo\u00e4t ca\u00f9i tang cho \u00d1o\u00e2ng D\u00f6\u00f4ng. Ro\u00e0i o\u00e2ng ke\u00e1t thu\u00f9c ba\u00f8i \u00f1ie\u00e1u va\u00ean ba\u00e8ng nh\u00f6\u00f5ng l\u00f4\u00f8i sau \u00f1a\u00e2y: \u201cTh\u00f6a quan toa\u00f8n quye\u00e0n, chu\u00f9ng to\u00e2i cha\u00e2n tha\u00f8nh th\u00f6\u00f4ng tie\u00e1c Nga\u00f8i v\u00ec \u00f1o\u00e1i v\u00f4\u00f9i ta\u00e1t ca\u00fb chu\u00f9ng to\u00e2i, Nga\u00f8i la\u00f8 mo\u00e4t o\u00e2ng chu\u00fb bao dung, khoan th\u00f6\u00f9 nh\u00f6 mo\u00e4t ng\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8i cha\u201d. T\u00f6\u00f8 nh\u00f6\u00f5ng vie\u00e4c tre\u00e2n, to\u00e2i xin ke\u00e1t lua\u00e4n ra\u00e8ng, ne\u00e1u qua\u00fb tha\u00e4t ta\u00e1t ca\u00fb mo\u00efi ng\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8i An Nam \u00f1e\u00e0u ra\u00efp m\u00ecnh sa\u00f9t \u00f1a\u00e1t nh\u00f6 be\u00f8 lu\u00f5 tay sai a\u00e1y cu\u00fba ch\u00ednh quye\u00e0n th\u00ec ng\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8i An Nam co\u00f9 pha\u00fbi ch\u00f2u so\u00e1 kie\u00e1p no\u00e2 le\u00e4 cu\u00f5ng la\u00f8 \u00f1a\u00f9ng \u00f1\u00f4\u00f8i! * ** 183","Thanh nie\u00e2n ta cu\u00f5ng ca\u00e0n bie\u00e1t la\u00f8 hie\u00e4n nay co\u00f9 h\u00f4n hai ngh\u00ecn thanh nie\u00e2n Trung Hoa tre\u00e2n \u00f1a\u00e1t Pha\u00f9p va\u00f8 \u00f1o\u00e4 na\u00eam va\u00efn \u00f4\u00fb cha\u00e2u A\u00c2u va\u00f8 cha\u00e2u My\u00f5. Ha\u00e0u he\u00e1t nh\u00f6\u00f5ng thanh nie\u00e2n a\u00e1y \u00f1e\u00e0u \u00f1a\u00f5 to\u00e1t nghie\u00e4p Ha\u00f9n va\u00ean va\u00f8 ta\u00e1t ca\u00fb \u00f1ang la\u00f8 sinh vie\u00e2n \u2013 co\u00e2ng nha\u00e2n. Co\u00f8n chu\u00f9ng ta, th\u00ec chu\u00f9ng ta co\u00f9 nh\u00f6\u00f5ng sinh vie\u00e2n \u00f1\u00f6\u00f4\u00efc ho\u00efc bo\u00e5ng va\u00f8 nh\u00f6\u00f5ng sinh vie\u00e2n th\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8ng, nh\u00f4\u00f8 \u00f4n nha\u00f8 n\u00f6\u00f4\u00f9c hay tie\u00e0n cu\u00fba cha me\u00ef (ha\u00efi thay, hai ca\u00f9i nguo\u00e0n a\u00e1y la\u00efi kho\u00e2ng bao gi\u00f4\u00f8 ca\u00efn ca\u00fb), ma\u00f8 \u00f1ang da\u00f8nh mo\u00e4t n\u00f6\u00fba th\u00ec gi\u00f4\u00f8 va\u00f8o ca\u00f9c vie\u00e4c\u2026 ch\u00f4i bi-a, mo\u00e4t n\u00f6\u00fba cu\u00fba n\u00f6\u00fba th\u00ec gi\u00f4\u00f8 co\u00f8n la\u00efi \u00f1e\u00e5 \u00f1e\u00e1n ca\u00f9c cho\u00e1n a\u00ean ch\u00f4i; so\u00e1 th\u00ec gi\u00f4\u00f8 co\u00f8n la\u00efi, ma\u00f8 \u00edt khi co\u00f8n la\u00e9m, th\u00ec \u00f1e\u00e5 va\u00f8o tr\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8ng \u00f1a\u00efi ho\u00efc hoa\u00ebc tr\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8ng trung ho\u00efc. Nh\u00f6ng sinh vie\u00e2n \u2013 co\u00e2ng nha\u00e2n Trung Quo\u00e1c th\u00ec la\u00efi kho\u00e2ng co\u00f9 mu\u00efc \u00f1\u00edch na\u00f8o kha\u00f9c h\u00f4n la\u00f8 nha\u00e8m th\u00f6\u00efc s\u00f6\u00ef cha\u00e1n h\u00f6ng ne\u00e0n kinh te\u00e1 n\u00f6\u00f4\u00f9c nha\u00f8 va\u00f8 ho\u00ef theo cha\u00e2m ngo\u00e2n: \u201cSinh so\u00e1ng ba\u00e8ng lao \u00f1o\u00e4ng cu\u00fba ba\u00fbn tha\u00e2n va\u00f8 v\u00f6\u00f8a ho\u00efc ho\u00fbi v\u00f6\u00f8a lao \u00f1o\u00e4ng\u201d. Ho\u00ef \u00f1a\u00f5 la\u00f8m nh\u00f6 the\u00e1 na\u00f8y: v\u00f6\u00f8a \u00f1a\u00ebt cha\u00e2n le\u00e2n \u00f1a\u00e1t n\u00f6\u00f4\u00f9c ng\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8i la\u00f8 ta\u00e1t ca\u00fb nh\u00f6\u00f5ng ng\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8i co\u00f9 na\u00eang khie\u00e1u gio\u00e1ng nhau va\u00f8 cu\u00f8ng muo\u00e1n ho\u00efc mo\u00e4t nghe\u00e0 th\u00ec ta\u00e4p h\u00f4\u00efp la\u00efi tha\u00f8nh nho\u00f9m \u00f1e\u00e5 va\u00e4n \u00f1o\u00e4ng xin vie\u00e4c v\u00f4\u00f9i bo\u00efn chu\u00fb. Khi \u00f1\u00f6\u00f4\u00efc nha\u00e4n va\u00f8o x\u00f6\u00f4\u00fbng th\u00f4\u00ef hay nha\u00f8 ma\u00f9y, th\u00ec co\u00e1 nhie\u00e2n la\u00f8 ho\u00ef ba\u00e9t \u00f1a\u00e0u ba\u00e8ng ca\u00f9ch ho\u00efc vie\u00e4c, ro\u00e0i sau tr\u00f4\u00fb tha\u00f8nh th\u00f4\u00ef. \u00d1o\u00e1i v\u00f4\u00f9i nhie\u00e0u ng\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8i \u00f1a\u00f5 \u00f1\u00f6\u00f4\u00efc nuo\u00e2i d\u00f6\u00f4\u00f5ng trong ca\u00fbnh gia\u00f8u sang va\u00f8 \u00f1\u00f6\u00f4\u00efc gia \u00f1\u00ecnh chie\u00e0u chuo\u00e4ng, th\u00ec la\u00f8m nh\u00f6\u00f5ng vie\u00e4c na\u00ebng nho\u00efc la\u00f8 mo\u00e4t \u00f1ie\u00e0u gian kho\u00e5. Ne\u00e1u ho\u00ef kho\u00e2ng co\u00f9 mo\u00e4t quye\u00e1t ta\u00e2m v\u00f6\u00f5ng cha\u00e9c, kho\u00e2ng \u00f1\u00f6\u00f4\u00efc mo\u00e4t s\u00f6\u00f9c ma\u00efnh tinh tha\u00e0n phi th\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8ng thu\u00f9c \u00f1a\u00e5y th\u00ec pha\u00e0n l\u00f4\u00f9n \u00f1a\u00f5 pha\u00fbi chu\u00f8n b\u00f6\u00f4\u00f9c. Nh\u00f6ng cho t\u00f4\u00f9i nay, ta\u00e1t ca\u00fb va\u00e3n tie\u00e1p tu\u00efc la\u00f8m vie\u00e4c. Mo\u00e4t tr\u00f4\u00fb l\u00f6\u00efc th\u00f6\u00f9 hai la\u00f8 ngo\u00e2n ng\u00f6\u00f5 ba\u00e1t \u00f1o\u00e0ng, ho\u00ef \u00f1a\u00f5 kha\u00e9c phu\u00efc \u00f1\u00f6\u00f4\u00efc tr\u00f4\u00fb l\u00f6\u00efc a\u00e1y nh\u00f4\u00f8 bie\u00e1t l\u00f4\u00efi du\u00efng khie\u00e1u 184","quan sa\u00f9t, ca\u00f9i khie\u00e1u ga\u00e0n nh\u00f6 la\u00f8 mo\u00e4t ba\u00fbn na\u00eang \u00f1a\u00ebc bie\u00e4t cu\u00fba nh\u00f6\u00f5ng ng\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8i Vie\u00e3n \u00d1o\u00e2ng chu\u00f9ng ta. Ne\u00e1u ho\u00ef kho\u00e2ng hie\u00e5u \u00f1\u00f6\u00f4\u00efc hay hie\u00e5u mo\u00e4t ca\u00f9ch kho\u00f9 kha\u00ean nh\u00f6\u00f5ng l\u00f4\u00f8i chu\u00fb ho\u00ef no\u00f9i, th\u00ec ho\u00ef cha\u00eam chu\u00f9 quan sa\u00f9t nh\u00f6\u00f5ng ca\u00f9i ma\u00f8 chu\u00fb ch\u00e6 cho ho\u00ef. Ho\u00ef kie\u00e1m kho\u00e2ng \u00f1\u00f6\u00f4\u00efc bao nhie\u00e2u tie\u00e0n. V\u00f4\u00f9i so\u00e1 tie\u00e0n co\u00e2ng \u00edt o\u00fbi, tr\u00f6\u00f4\u00f9c he\u00e1t ho\u00ef pha\u00fbi t\u00ednh sao cho \u00f1u\u00fb so\u00e1ng. Va\u00f8, ho\u00ef coi vie\u00e4c kho\u00e2ng xin tie\u00e0n ch\u00ednh phu\u00fb, kho\u00e2ng xin tie\u00e0n gia \u00f1\u00ecnh la\u00f8 mo\u00e4t va\u00e1n \u00f1e\u00e0 danh d\u00f6\u00ef. Sau n\u00f6\u00f5a, tu\u00f8y theo so\u00e1 tie\u00e0n kie\u00e1m \u00f1\u00f6\u00f4\u00efc ho\u00ef tr\u00edch mo\u00e4t pha\u00e0n \u00f1e\u00e5 \u00f1o\u00f9ng va\u00f8o quy\u00f5 t\u00f6\u00f4ng te\u00e1 do ho\u00ef la\u00e4p ra. Quy\u00f5 na\u00f8y nha\u00e8m hai mu\u00efc \u00f1\u00edch: 1. giu\u00f9p \u00f1\u00f4\u00f5 nh\u00f6\u00f5ng sinh vie\u00e2n \u00f1au o\u00e1m co\u00f9 gia\u00e1y ch\u00f6\u00f9ng nha\u00e4n cu\u00fba tha\u00e0y thuo\u00e1c va\u00f8 nh\u00f6\u00f5ng sinh vie\u00e2n tha\u00e1t nghie\u00e4p co\u00f9 gia\u00e1y ch\u00f6\u00f9ng nha\u00e4n cu\u00fba chu\u00fb; 2. tr\u00f4\u00ef ca\u00e1p mo\u00e4t so\u00e1 tie\u00e0n trong mo\u00e4t na\u00eam cho ta\u00e1t ca\u00fb nh\u00f6\u00f5ng ng\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8i m\u00f4\u00f9i ho\u00efc nghe\u00e0 xong \u00f1e\u00e5 giu\u00f9p ho\u00ef bo\u00e5 tu\u00f9c nghie\u00e4p vu\u00ef. Lao \u00f1o\u00e4ng \u00f4\u00fb n\u00f6\u00f4\u00f9c na\u00f8o, ho\u00ef cu\u00f5ng xua\u00e1t ba\u00fbn \u00f4\u00fb \u00f1a\u00e1y mo\u00e4t t\u00f4\u00f8 ta\u00efp ch\u00ed (luo\u00e2n luo\u00e2n la\u00f8 do sinh vie\u00e2n \u2013 co\u00e2ng nha\u00e2n \u00f1o\u00f9ng go\u00f9p). Ta\u00efp ch\u00ed a\u00e1y vie\u00e1t ba\u00e8ng ch\u00f6\u00f5 Ha\u00f9n, cung ca\u00e1p tin t\u00f6\u00f9c cu\u00fba To\u00e5 quo\u00e1c va\u00f8 \u00f1a\u00eang nh\u00f6\u00f5ng va\u00e1n \u00f1e\u00e0 th\u00f4\u00f8i s\u00f6\u00ef l\u00f4\u00f9n tre\u00e2n the\u00e1 gi\u00f4\u00f9i, v.v... Ta\u00efp ch\u00ed da\u00f8nh mo\u00e4t mu\u00efc cho \u00f1o\u00e4c gia\u00fb trao \u00f1o\u00e5i nh\u00f6\u00f5ng \u00f1ie\u00e0u bo\u00e5 \u00edch cho vie\u00e4c ho\u00efc nghe\u00e0 cu\u00fba ho\u00ef, ba\u00f9o cho nhau bie\u00e1t s\u00f6\u00ef tie\u00e1n bo\u00e4 cu\u00fba t\u00f6\u00f8ng ng\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8i, khuye\u00e2n nhu\u00fb va\u00f8 \u00f1o\u00e4ng vie\u00e2n nhau. Ban nga\u00f8y ho\u00ef la\u00f8m vie\u00e4c, ban \u00f1e\u00e2m ho\u00ef ho\u00efc ta\u00e4p. Kie\u00e2n tr\u00ec, quye\u00e1t ta\u00e2m va\u00f8 \u00f1oa\u00f8n ke\u00e1t nh\u00f6 the\u00e1, ca\u00f9c \u201co\u00e2ng chu\u00f9 tre\u00fb tuo\u00e5i\u201d(1) cu\u00fba chu\u00f9ng ta cha\u00e9c cha\u00e9n se\u00f5 \u00f1a\u00eft mu\u00efc 1. T\u00f6\u00f8 \u201cchu\u00f9\u201d th\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8ng du\u00f8ng \u00f1e\u00e5 ch\u00e6 Hoa Kie\u00e0u \u00f4\u00fb Vie\u00e4t Nam (\u201cchu\u00f9 kha\u00f9ch\u201d hay \u201ckha\u00f9ch tru\u00f9\u201d) 185","\u00f1\u00edch. V\u00f4\u00f9i mo\u00e4t \u00f1a\u00efo qua\u00e2n 50.000 co\u00e2ng nha\u00e2n du\u00f5ng ca\u00fbm \u00f1a\u00f9ng kha\u00e2m phu\u00efc, la\u00efi \u00f1\u00f6\u00f4\u00efc \u00f1a\u00f8o ta\u00efo trong ky\u00fb lua\u00e4t va\u00f8 ky\u00f5 thua\u00e4t hie\u00e4n \u00f1a\u00efi, th\u00ec kho\u00e2ng bao la\u00e2u n\u00f6\u00f5a. Trung Quo\u00e1c se\u00f5 co\u00f9 mo\u00e4t \u00f1\u00f2a v\u00f2 trong ha\u00f8ng ca\u00f9c c\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8ng quo\u00e1c co\u00e2ng nghie\u00e4p va\u00f8 th\u00f6\u00f4ng nghie\u00e4p the\u00e1 gi\u00f4\u00f9i. \u00d4\u00db \u00d1o\u00e2ng D\u00f6\u00f4ng, chu\u00f9ng ta co\u00f9 \u00f1u\u00fb ta\u00e1t ca\u00fb nh\u00f6\u00f5ng ca\u00f9i ma\u00f8 mo\u00e4t da\u00e2n to\u00e4c co\u00f9 the\u00e5 mong muo\u00e1n nh\u00f6: ha\u00fbi ca\u00fbng, ha\u00e0m mo\u00fb, \u00f1o\u00e0ng ruo\u00e4ng me\u00e2nh mo\u00e2ng, r\u00f6\u00f8ng ru\u00f9 bao la; chu\u00f9ng ta co\u00f9 nh\u00f6\u00f5ng ng\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8i lao \u00f1o\u00e4ng khe\u00f9o le\u00f9o va\u00f8 ca\u00e0n cu\u00f8. Nh\u00f6ng chu\u00f9ng ta thie\u00e1u to\u00e5 ch\u00f6\u00f9c va\u00f8 thie\u00e1u ng\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8i to\u00e5 ch\u00f6\u00f9c! B\u00f4\u00fbi the\u00e1 co\u00e2ng nghie\u00e4p va\u00f8 th\u00f6\u00f4ng nghie\u00e4p cu\u00fba chu\u00f9ng ta la\u00f8 mo\u00e4t con so\u00e1 kho\u00e2ng. The\u00e1 th\u00ec thanh nie\u00e2n cu\u00fba ta \u00f1ang la\u00f8m g\u00ec? No\u00f9i ra th\u00ec buo\u00e0n, buo\u00e0n la\u00e9m: ho\u00ef kho\u00e2ng la\u00f8m g\u00ec ca\u00fb. Nh\u00f6\u00f5ng thanh nie\u00e2n kho\u00e2ng co\u00f9 ph\u00f6\u00f4ng tie\u00e4n th\u00ec kho\u00e2ng da\u00f9m r\u00f4\u00f8i que\u00e2 nha\u00f8; nh\u00f6\u00f5ng ng\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8i co\u00f9 ph\u00f6\u00f4ng tie\u00e4n th\u00ec la\u00efi ch\u00ecm nga\u00e4p trong s\u00f6\u00ef bie\u00e1ng nha\u00f9c; co\u00f8n nh\u00f6\u00f5ng ke\u00fb \u00f1a\u00f5 xua\u00e1t d\u00f6\u00f4ng th\u00ec ch\u00e6 ngh\u00f3 \u00f1e\u00e1n vie\u00e4c tho\u00fba ma\u00f5n t\u00ednh to\u00f8 mo\u00f8 cu\u00fba tuo\u00e5i tre\u00fb ma\u00f8 tho\u00e2i! H\u00f4\u00f5i \u00d1o\u00e2ng D\u00f6\u00f4ng \u00f1a\u00f9ng th\u00f6\u00f4ng ha\u00efi! Ng\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8i se\u00f5 che\u00e1t ma\u00e1t, ne\u00e1u \u00f1a\u00f9m Thanh nie\u00e2n gia\u00f8 co\u00f5i cu\u00fba Ng\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8i kho\u00e2ng s\u00f4\u00f9m ho\u00e0i sinh. 186","MU\u00cfC LU\u00cfC L\u00d4\u00d8I NO\u00d9I \u00d1A\u00c0U 7 L\u00d4\u00d8I GI\u00d4\u00d9I THIE\u00c4U 9 CH\u00d6\u00d4NG I: Thue\u00e1 ma\u00f9u 23 CH\u00d6\u00d4NG II: Vie\u00e4c \u00f1a\u00e0u \u00f1o\u00e4c ng\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8i ba\u00fbn x\u00f6\u00f9 42 CH\u00d6\u00d4NG III: Ca\u00f9c quan tho\u00e1ng \u00f1o\u00e1c 50 CH\u00d6\u00d4NG IV: Ca\u00f9c quan cai tr\u00f2 61 CH\u00d6\u00d4NG V: Nh\u00f6\u00f5ng nha\u00f8 khai ho\u00f9a 69 CH\u00d6\u00d4NG VI: Te\u00e4 tham nhu\u00f5ng trong bo\u00e4 ma\u00f9y cai tr\u00f2 91 CH\u00d6\u00d4NG VII: Bo\u00f9c lo\u00e4t ng\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8i ba\u00fbn x\u00f6\u00f9 99 CH\u00d6\u00d4NG VIII: Co\u00e2ng ly\u00f9 118 CH\u00d6\u00d4NG IX: Ch\u00ednh sa\u00f9ch ngu da\u00e2n 133 CH\u00d6\u00d4NG X: Chu\u00fb ngh\u00f3a gia\u00f9o ho\u00e4i 139 CH\u00d6\u00d4NG XI: No\u00e3i kho\u00e5 nhu\u00efc cu\u00fba ng\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8i phu\u00ef n\u00f6\u00f5 ba\u00fbn x\u00f6\u00f9 145 CH\u00d6\u00d4NG XII: No\u00e2 le\u00e4 th\u00f6\u00f9c t\u00e6nh 157 PHU\u00cf LU\u00cfC: G\u00f6\u00fbi thanh nie\u00e2n An Nam 181 187","BA\u00dbN A\u00d9N CHE\u00c1 \u00d1O\u00c4 TH\u00d6\u00cfC DA\u00c2N PHA\u00d9P NGUYE\u00c3N A\u00d9I QUO\u00c1C Ch\u00f2u tra\u00f9ch nhie\u00e4m xua\u00e1t ba\u00fbn: TS. QUA\u00d9CH THU NGUYE\u00c4T Bie\u00e2n ta\u00e4p: KIE\u00c1N HUY B\u00eca: BU\u00d8I NAM S\u00f6\u00fba ba\u00fbn in: KIE\u00c1N HUY Ky\u00f5 thua\u00e4t vi t\u00ednh: NGUYE\u00c2N VA\u00c2N NHA\u00d8 XUA\u00c1T BA\u00dbN TRE\u00db 161B Ly\u00f9 Ch\u00ednh Tha\u00e9ng \u2013 Qua\u00e4n 3 \u2013 Tha\u00f8nh pho\u00e1 Ho\u00e0 Ch\u00ed Minh \u00d1T: 39316289 \u2013 39350973 \u2013 39316211 \u2013 38465595 \u2013 38465596 Fax: 84.8.38437450 \u2013 E-mail: [email protected] Website: http:\/\/www.nxbtre.com.vn CHI NHA\u00d9NH NHA\u00d8 XUA\u00c1T BA\u00dbN TRE\u00db TA\u00cfI HA\u00d8 NO\u00c4I So\u00e1 20 ngo\u00f5 91 Nguye\u00e3n Ch\u00ed Thanh, Q. \u00d1o\u00e1ng \u00d1a, Ha\u00f8 No\u00e4i \u00d1T: (04) 37734544 \u2013 Fax: (04) 37734544 E-mail: [email protected]"]