Những nhà thám hiểm hăm hở

["NtgvsD\u1ee5i\u00e0ah\u00e0i\u00f9nn\u1edbgcbsh\u1ee5\u2013eait\u1eb3mo\u00e0nvmug\u1edbtn\u00e0ihhbt\u00eciem\u00e8i\u1ec1\u1ebfm.\u1ea5hucyiR\u1ec7ctn\u0169it\u1ee5on\u1ea5itgmt\u1ee5auinbyhhai\u1ea3\u1ebf\u1ec7nitt\u0111hi\u0111\u1ec1dl\u1ed3\u0111u\u1eaf\u00e2\u00e3mnng\u00ea\u1edf\u00ecten.hmR\u1ee7Tkyi\u1ea1ohh.\u00f4\u1ee7t\u0111nyhD\u01b0g\u1ee7\u1ee3\u00e2cttnhrhm\u1ee7\u1ed3a\u0111i\u1ed9m\u1ecb\u0111at\u0111o\u1ea5\u00e0dptyn\u1ef1uh.\u1ea7\u01b0\u0111vn\u01a1T\u01b0\u1edbni\u1ee3lg\u1ea5c\u1ec5thr\u1ecdmvn.\u1ea5\u00e0\u1ed9htti\u00ea\u0111tnaphnh\u00e2gaennnhst\u1eedthabhi\u1ec7\u1ead\u1ea3nn Y\u00eau em Ferdie XX T\u00e0u Trinidad, Patagonia, Nam M\u1ef9 Th\u00e1ng T\u01b0 n\u0103m 1520 Beatriz th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u1edb, V\u00e0i th\u00e1ng \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00f4i qua! T\u1ee5i anh r\u1eddi Rio v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y Gi\u00e1ng sinh \u2013 v\u00e0 m\u1eaft ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ea5y nho\u00e8 n\u01b0\u1edbc. Bi\u1ebft l\u00e0m sao \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, m\u01b0a gi\u00f3 su\u1ed1t ng\u00e0y m\u00e0. \u0110\u00e1m th\u1ee7y th\u1ee7 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00e0u nh\u00e0u, v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi chuy\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u1eefa. Em bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ea5y, h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i Rio, nh\u01b0ng anh n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng d\u00f9 mu\u1ed1n d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng th\u00ec v\u1eabn c\u1ee9 ph\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111i xu\u1ed1ng ph\u00eda nam. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00f9i n\u1eefa r\u1ed3i. \u0110\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i th\u00e1ng Ba th\u00ec anh ch\u1eb3ng bu\u1ed3n c\u00e3i c\u1ecd v\u1edbi h\u1ecd n\u1eefa. T\u1ee5i anh th\u1ea3 neo trong m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3ng nh\u1ecf g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 San Julian v\u00e0 anh quy\u1ebft d\u1ecbnh tr\u00fa \u0111\u00f4ng* \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y. Anh mu\u1ed1n m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p, nh\u01b0ng ngay khi 49","\u0110ack\u0111an\u1eaf\u1eeb\u1ebfhnhtnnh\u00f4gnb\u0111ggn\u1ea7il\u1ebf\u1eb7guotpnhghl\u0129cv\u1edd\u1eafah\u00e0mniuhg\u1ecdtyli\u1ecd\u00e0\u00ea\u1ec7csmnlnh\u1ef1,\u1ea1oilnt\u0111o\u00e0a\u0111\u00ea\u00e3\u1ea1yninnhy.xn.ca\u00eagA\u00f2nAnh\u0111ne\u1ebftnhlhnh\u1ea1r\u00ecibt\u00f9kitthn\u1ebfhhhgt\u1ebfu\u1ecf\u00ec.eylc\u0111.\u00e0A\u1ec1\u1ea3\u00e0nyncmhht\u00eclrn\u1eb3\u00eaphn\u01b0nhg\u1edfn\u1ea3n\u0111giah\u1ea3i\u01b0xocn\u1eedt\u1ee7ghhalo\u00edc\u00fd\u0111abh\u00e1nangngag.tna\u00e0Eh\u0111yu\u1edd,m.iknAcyhiahn\u00ea\u01b0\u00fahnung,g. Y\u00eau em Ferdie XX * C\u00e1c m\u00f9a \u1edf b\u00e1n c\u1ea7u nam ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi b\u00e1n c\u1ea7u b\u1eafc. v\u00ec th\u1ebf khi b\u00e1n c\u1ea7u b\u1eafc \u0111ang l\u00e0 m\u00f9a h\u00e8 th\u00ec b\u00e1n c\u1ea7u nam l\u00e0 m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng, v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i. T\u00e0u Trinidad, Eo Magellan, Nam M\u1ef9 Th\u00e1ng M\u01b0\u1eddi n\u0103m 1520 V\u1ee3 y\u00eau qu\u00fd nh\u1ea5t, Anh t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y r\u1ed3i! Anh t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y r\u1ed3i! \u00d4i m\u1eebng qu\u00e1! R\u1ea5t l\u00e0 m\u1eebng. V\u00e0i tu\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc, m\u1ed9t c\u01a1n b\u00e3o kinh kh\u1ee7ng \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ed5i gi\u1ea1t hai con t\u00e0u c\u1ee7a t\u1ee5i anh v\u00e0o \u0111\u00e1 ng\u1ea7m. Anh g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00e0ng, nh\u01b0ng r\u1ed3i \u0111i\u1ec1u k\u1ef3 di\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn. Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tin n\u1ed5i. Th\u00ecnh l\u00ecnh anh nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t con t\u00e0u \u1edf ph\u00eda xa, b\u1ecb gi\u00f3 th\u1ed5i v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t k\u00eanh 50","n\u01b0\u1edbc hai b\u00ean l\u1edfm ch\u1edfm \u0111\u00e1. Ph\u1ea3i, em y\u00eau \u01a1i, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y el paso v\u00e0 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n \u1edf ph\u00eda b\u00ean kia! Ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i l\u00e0, Beatriz y\u00eau qu\u00fd \u01a1i, anh th\u1ea5y ngh\u1eb9n c\u1ea3 h\u1ecdng (nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i cho ai bi\u1ebft). Anh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t cho n\u00f3 c\u00e1i t\u00ean c\u1ee7a anh \u2013 Eo Magellan! Nghe r\u1ea5t k\u00eau ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng em? Eo Ph\u1ea3i m\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ng tr\u1eddi t\u1ee5i anh Magellan m\u1edbi qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c eo bi\u1ec3n n\u00e0y, nh\u01b0ng Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh \u0110\u1ea1i T\u00e2y c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e1ng c\u00f4ng v\u1ea5t v\u1ea3. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc d\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1eb7t anh l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3n c\u1ea3 bao la h\u00fat t\u1ea7m m\u1eaft. V\u00e0 n\u00f3 c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t thanh b\u00ecnh y\u00ean t\u0129nh. Em \u1ea1, anh g\u1ecdi n\u00f3 l\u00e0 Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh d\u01b0\u01a1ng. Nh\u1edb em nhi\u1ec1u Y\u00eau em, Ferdie XX T\u00e0u Trinidad, \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u00f3 tr\u00ean Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh d\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u00e1ng Hai n\u0103m 1521 EAamlmcnn\u1eeb\u1ed9h\u00f2hatny\u0111t\u00eamxg\u00e3hiu\u1ea3n\u00ec,\u1ebfnl\u0111h\u00eal\u1ec3k\u1ed7nihh\u0111u\u1ea5\u00f4v\u1ed1tn\u0111\u00ecng\u00eagcnnh\u00e0bhno\u1eefig\u1ebf.ttovrT\u00e0!i\u00ea\u1ebfihntAm\u00e1ni\u1ed9bthtrib\u1ec3\u00f4\u00ecn\u00ednnbthg\u1eafhtn\u00e0nv\u01b0n\u0111h\u1edb\u1edbg\u1ea7ci\u01b0uct\u0111ghhg\u00e3\u00e0\u1ea3\u00e1hnn\u00e9btg\u1ed5t\u1edbhii.\u00e1tcvirh\u00e1A\u1eddbn\u1ed1inn\u00e8ghon!nav\u00e0yk\u00e0yShbma\u00f4r\u1ed1on\u00e0c\u1ed3gim.km\u0111\u00e0hT\u00f9\u01b0\u00f4i\u1ee3an\u1ee5cng(ihkkannhlhh\u1ea1hi\u1ecf\u00ecineuk.d\u1ed1t\u1ec5hnThg\u00f4\u1ea5bn\u1ee5y\u1ecbgi 51","c\u1ee9 ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecbt m\u0169i l\u1ea1i). V\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 \u0103n ngo\u00e0i m\u1ea5y mi\u1ebfng b\u00e1nh m\u00ec kh\u00f4 \u0111\u1ea7y c\u1ee9t gi\u00e1n. Th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng t\u1ee5i anh m\u1edbi c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat canh m\u1eb7n ch\u00e1t hay m\u1ea5y mi\u1ebfng th\u1ecbt chu\u1ed9t lu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c th\u1ee7y th\u1ee7 l\u1ea1i m\u1eafc b\u1ec7nh sco-b\u00fat* khi\u1ebfn h\u1ecd c\u00e0ng th\u00eam y\u1ebfu. Anh kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0a t\u1ee5i anh t\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2u n\u1eefa. Y\u00eau em, Ferdie XX Ch\u00fa \u00fd! Ch\u00fa \u00fd! * B\u1ea1n s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 c\u0103n b\u1ec7nh n\u00e0y sau (\u1edf trang 62) \u0110\u1eebng s\u1ed1t ru\u1ed9t... T\u00e0u Trinidad, Philippines Th\u00e1ng T\u01b0 n\u0103m 1521 Betty y\u00eau d\u1ea5u, xtcnir\u00f9ng\u00f2nhh.g\u0129\u0111Ctl\u1eb9\u1ef1\u1ee5hpci.\u00e0!akTnTihh\u1ec7toht\u00e1a\u00e0tcnhhr\u00e8\u1ed3\u0111\u1ed3o\u1eddil.it\u00e0htThuchy\u00ec\u00e1\u1ead,\u1ec1ttnrc\u01b0mhv\u1edbua\u00e0c\u1ed1yoimbvq\u1eaf\u1eddu\u00e0t,\u00e1!dhv\u1eebi\u00e0Ta\u1ec7.nr\u1ee5i\u1ed3riaa\u0111n\u00e1hmn\u1ed9ht \u0110\u00fang v\u00e0o l\u00fac anh h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi thu n\u1ed1t ch\u00fat s\u1ee9c ch\u00e9n m\u1ed9t b\u1eefa ra b\u1eefa t\u1ed1i 52","lllpBoi\u00e2h\u1ec7uau\u01b0e.\u01a1mlnn\u00e2gNgun\u00e0h\u1ebfytmu\u00e9i\u1ebf\u1ed9spte\u2013amuc\u0111ch\u00f3tk\u00f3n\u00fa\u1ee5htitr\u00f4,hna\u1ea5\u1ec3gtntrhan\u01b0nn\u1ed3\u1edbgghnchi\u01b0ge\u01a1pknhnhtg\u1ea3hiinii\u1ec7blnt\u00eatug,\u1ee9\u1ed3n\u1ee7mcv\u0111\u00eccg\u01b0th\u1edd\u00ec\u1edbtnoihcg\u1ebfP\u1ee7\u0111a\u00e3tht\u1edb\u1ee5iail\u0111ini\u1eddpQhiap.nuinht\u1ea7ehns\u00ecs.\u0111\u1ebdc\u1ea3\u0169Donng\u00e2gHhn\u1ec9\u01b0\u0111\u0111\u01a1\u1eebl\u1ecbnn\u1ea1aggi H\u1eb9n g\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i em y\u00eau Ferdie XX K\u1ebft cu\u1ed9c kh\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 \u00fd Nh\u01b0ng Beatriz kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd g\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ed3ng y\u00eau qu\u00fd n\u1eefa. Ng\u00e0y 27-4, Magellan t\u1eed tr\u1eadn trong cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn gi\u1eefa hai h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o th\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecbch. Juan Sebastian del Cano, m\u1ed9t c\u1ef1u th\u1ee7y th\u1ee7 n\u1ed5i lo\u1ea1n n\u1eafm l\u1ea5y quy\u1ec1n ch\u1ec9 huy \u0111o\u00e0n vi\u1ec5n chinh. \u00d4ng ta cho t\u00e0u ch\u1ea1y th\u1eb3ng t\u1edbi Qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o H\u01b0\u01a1ng li\u1ec7u, ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea7y c\u00e2y \u0111inh h\u01b0\u01a1ng \u2013 th\u1ee9 h\u01b0\u01a1ng li\u1ec7u qu\u00fd gi\u00e1 \u2013 r\u1ed3i l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 T\u00e2y Ban Nha. Ng\u00e0y 6-9-1522, con t\u00e0u Victoria, con t\u00e0u duy nh\u1ea5t c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i trong s\u1ed1 n\u0103m con t\u00e0u ra \u0111i ba n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ea3 t\u01a1i l\u1ebft v\u1ec1 T\u00e2y Ban Nha. V\u1edbi 280 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1o gan r\u1eddi T\u00e2y Ban Nha h\u1ed3i \u0111\u00f3, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i 18 h\u00ecnh h\u00e0i \u1ed1m qu\u1eb7t \u1ed1m qu\u1eb9o. H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua 58.000km v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00c2u ch\u00e2u \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh d\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec3m ngh\u00e8o v\u00e0 dong thuy\u1ec1n \u0111i v\u00f2ng quanh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. M\u1ed9t k\u1ef3 c\u00f4ng l\u01b0u danh mu\u00f4n thu\u1edf. Magellan th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng may. Kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 l\u00eca \u0111\u1eddi m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch l\u00e3ng nh\u00e1ch, t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 do \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng may, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n v\u00ec trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m tr\u1eddi, th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng ch\u00f3i ng\u1eddi c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng (n\u00f3i cho c\u00f9ng, to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec7n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng) \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta l\u00e3ng qu\u00ean v\u00e0 del Cano h\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1ecdn th\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee7y th\u1ee7 cao tay? C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee7y th\u1ee7 v\u00e0o th\u1eddi Magellan? Th\u1eed l\u00e0m tr\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7m n\u00e0y l\u00e0 bi\u1ebft li\u1ec1n. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n ngh\u0129 m\u00ecnh r\u1ea5t d\u1ea1n d\u00e0y s\u00f3ng gi\u00f3 th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0a n\u00f3 cho th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd th\u1eed xem. 53","54 Tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi: 1 c) D\u00e2n th\u1ee7y th\u1ee7 kh\u00f4ng quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi trang. Qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd r\u1ed9ng th\u00f9ng th\u00ecnh cho d\u1ec5 c\u1eed \u0111\u00f4\u00efng. V\u00e0 chuy\u1ec7n gi\u1eb7t gi\u0169 c\u0169ng qu\u00ean lu\u00f4n. Tr\u00ean t\u00e0u l\u00e0m g\u00ec c\u00f3 m\u00e1y gi\u1eb7t. V\u00ec th\u1ebf n\u1ebfu qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n c\u00e1u gh\u00e9t hay \u01b0\u1edbt s\u00f9ng s\u0169ng th\u00ec b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd b\u1ed1c m\u00f9i. 2 b) Xin l\u1ed7i nh\u00e9. B\u1ea1n ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean gi\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ebfu l\u00e0 s\u0129 quan ch\u1ec9 huy. V\u00e0 n\u00f3 c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng ra d\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfc gi\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00fat n\u00e0o, ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i \u1ed5 r\u01a1m m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. L\u00ednh tr\u00e1ng th\u00ec ng\u1ee7 \u1edf b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u1eb1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. M\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u0169ng \u0111\u1eebng ngh\u0129 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u1ee7 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u00e2u nh\u00e9. C\u1ee9 b\u1ed1n ti\u1ebfng l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i d\u1eady g\u00e1c. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n qu\u00ean th\u00ec c\u1ee9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eeb \u0111\u00f2n. 3 a) Ph\u1ea3i, t\u00f4i s\u1ee3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang v\u1eady \u0111\u1ea5y. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i \u201cc\u1ea7u t\u00f5m\u201d d\u00e0nh cho vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3, nh\u01b0ng s\u1ebd c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 nguy hi\u1ec3m n\u1ebfu th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft x\u1ea5u. Nh\u01b0ng ch\u1eb3ng m\u1ea5y th\u1ee7y th\u1ee7 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ebfn \u201cc\u1ea7u t\u00f5m\u201d, h\u1ecd th\u01b0\u1eddng xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e1y t\u00e0u \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft n\u1ed7i bu\u1ed3n. nh\u00e0 v\u1ec7 sinh 3 B\u1ea1n \u0111i v\u1ec7 sinh v\u00e0o... a) T\u01b0\u01a1ng qua th\u00e0nh t\u00e0u b) V\u00e0o c\u00e1i th\u00f9ng \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u00ean m\u1ea1n t\u00e0u c) Trong nh\u00e0 v\u1ec7 sinh s\u1ea1ch bong. 2 B\u1ea1n s\u1ebd ng\u1ee7 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u? a) Tr\u00ean c\u00e1i gi\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn. b) B\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o. c) Trong c\u00e1i v\u00f5ng m\u1eafc tr\u00ean boong. 1 B\u1ea1n s\u1ebd m\u1eb7c c\u00e1i g\u00ec? a) B\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed3ng ph\u1ee5c tr\u1eafng tinh. b) B\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed3 ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ea5m n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1edbi ch\u00e2n c) \u00c1o qu\u1ea7n th\u00f9ng th\u00ecnh v\u00e0 m\u0169 len","Th\u1eadt kh\u00f3 tin Chuy\u1ebfn v\u00f2ng quanh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai do m\u1ed9t h\u1ea3i t\u1eb7c \u201cn\u1eeda m\u00f9a\u201d d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u \u2013 m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng m\u1ef9 m\u00e3n m\u1edbi ch\u1ebft ch\u1ee9. Th\u00e1ng M\u01b0\u1eddi hai n\u0103m 1577, vi\u00ean th\u1ee7y th\u1ee7 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh t\u00e1o t\u1ee3n, Francis Drake (1543-1596) r\u1eddi h\u1ea3i c\u1ea3ng Plymouth n\u01b0\u1edbc Anh. Nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c do \u0111\u00edch th\u00e2n N\u1eef Ho\u00e0ng Elizabeth \u0110\u1ec7 Nh\u1ea5t giao ph\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i t\u00ecm nh\u1eefng thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba m\u1edbi cho Anh qu\u1ed1c. Nh\u01b0ng nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 t\u1ed1i m\u1eadt l\u00e0 s\u0103n l\u00f9ng c\u00e1c con t\u00e0u T\u00e2y Ban Nha ch\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7y ch\u00e2u b\u00e1u t\u1eeb Nam M\u1ef9 tr\u1edf v\u1ec1. (Th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 T\u00e2y Ban Nha v\u00e0 Anh qu\u1ed1c l\u00e0 k\u1ebb th\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed9i tr\u1eddi chung). V\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec Drake mu\u1ed1n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. Ba n\u0103m sau, \u00f4ng ta tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 c\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng con t\u00e0u n\u1eb7ng tr\u0129u \u0111\u1ed3 c\u01b0\u1edbp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c - v\u00e0ng, b\u1ea1c, ng\u1ecdc trai, l\u1ee5a l\u00e0, \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ee9 Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u01a1ng li\u1ec7u. B\u00e0 Ho\u00e0ng s\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u00ean, l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c phong th\u01b0\u1edfng cho Drake t\u01b0\u1edbc hi\u1ec7p s\u0129. Th\u1ebf l\u00e0 danh ti\u1ebfng v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a tay k\u1ebb c\u01b0\u1edbp n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o. \u0110\u00c2Y! CHO NG\u01af\u01a1I T\u01af\u1edaC HI\u1ec6P S\u0128. \u1ed0I CH\u00c0! N\u1ebfu ki\u1ec3u th\u1ee7y th\u1ee7 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0m b\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t \u1edbn, t\u1ea1i sao kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1eb7c ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c lao v\u00e0o? C\u00f2n ta h\u00e3y h\u1ecdc theo ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee7y th\u1ee7 cao qu\u00fd \u1edf ph\u1ea7n sau. \u00d4ng kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 quan t\u00e2m t\u1edbi ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1c hay bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n. Kh\u00f4ng, \u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 mu\u1ed1n \u0111i cho m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng t\u1ea7m m\u1eaft v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd ch\u00e0n ph\u00e8o n\u00e0y th\u00f4i. Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tin n\u1ed5i. Cook can tr\u01b0\u1eddng Kh\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i b\u00e0n, th\u1ee7y th\u1ee7 Anh qu\u1ed1c h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u James Cook l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u1ea5t d\u0169ng c\u1ea3m v\u00e0 can tr\u01b0\u1eddng. H\u1ed3i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XVIII \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o ba \u0111o\u00e0n th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m quan tr\u1ecdng - kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ch\u00e0ng trai xu\u1ea5t th\u00e2n t\u1eeb t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp lao \u0111\u00f4\u00efng.","Truy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 L\u1eef kh\u00e1ch Giang h\u1ed3 QU\u1ed0C T\u1ecaCH: ANH James sinh ra t\u1ea1i Anh. Cha l\u00e0 c\u1ed1 n\u00f4ng trong m\u1ed9t trang tr\u1ea1i v\u00e0 \u00f4ng ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u00e3 chi ti\u1ec1n cho c\u1eadu b\u00e9 James \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng. N\u0103m 12 tu\u1ed5i, James v\u00e0o l\u00e0m trong ti\u1ec7m t\u1ea1p h\u00f3a, nh\u01b0ng rau c\u1ecf v\u00e0 tr\u00e1i c\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m c\u1eadu th\u00edch th\u00fa. James b\u1ecf \u0111i v\u00e0 xin l\u00ean m\u1ed9t con t\u00e0u ch\u1ea1y than. Sau \u0111\u00f3 c\u1eadu gia nh\u1eadp H\u1ea3i qu\u00e2n Ho\u00e0ng gia Anh qu\u1ed1c, l\u00ean t\u1edbi ch\u1ee9c trung \u00fay. Nh\u1eefng l\u00fac r\u1ea3nh r\u1ed7i ch\u00e0ng s\u0129 quan tr\u1ebb tu\u1ed5i l\u1ea1i v\u00f9i \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 tr\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea1c. Khi\u1ebfp th\u1eadt! M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn anh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee7y th\u1ee7 t\u00e0i n\u0103ng, c\u00f3 t\u1ed1 ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ec9 huy. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf n\u0103m 1768 James \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn ch\u1ec9 huy m\u1ed9t chuy\u1ebfn vi\u1ec5n du khoa h\u1ecdc m\u1ea1o hi\u1ec3m t\u1edbi Nam Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh d\u01b0\u01a1ng. Th\u1eadt kh\u00f3 tin Cu\u1ed9c vi\u1ec5n chinh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u00ec m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch khoa h\u1ecdc ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n do nh\u00e0 to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p Louis-Antoine de Bougainville (1729-1811) l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o. N\u0103m 1766, hai n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi Cook kh\u1edfi h\u00e0nh, Bougainville r\u1eddi n\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u00e1p c\u00f9ng nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc trong chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i v\u00f2ng quanh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i k\u00e9o d\u00e0i hai n\u0103m v\u00e0 \u0111o\u00e0n \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 v\u1edbi r\u1ea5t TUY\u1ec6T V\u1edcI! nhi\u1ec1u ti\u00eau b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt m\u1edbi ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 lo\u00e0i hoa tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1eb9p v\u00f9ng Nam M\u1ef9. T\u00ean c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vinh d\u1ef1 \u0111\u1eb7t cho lo\u00e0i hoa n\u00e0y \u2013 hoa bougainvillea (hoa gi\u1ea5y). 56","Chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t (1768-1771) H\u1ea3i qu\u00e2n Ho\u00e0ng gia mu\u1ed1n James quan s\u00e1t Kim tinh khi h\u00e0nh tinh n\u00e0y ch\u1ea1y ngang qua M\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi. M\u1ed9t s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng cho vi\u1ec7c \u0111o \u0111\u1ea1c kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 M\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, v\u00e0 cho vi\u1ec7c hoa ti\u00eau h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c h\u01a1n. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0, hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng thi\u00ean v\u0103n n\u00e0y m\u1ed9t tr\u0103m n\u0103m m\u1edbi di\u1ec5n ra m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n, v\u00ec th\u1ebf c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t th\u1eadt \u0111\u00fang th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m. V\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 quan s\u00e1t l\u00e0 h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o Tahiti \u1edf Nam Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh d\u01b0\u01a1ng, n\u0103m 1769. \u00cdt ra th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a \u0111o\u00e0n... Tuy nhi\u00ean, trong t\u00fai \u00e1o kho\u00e1c c\u1ee7a James l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc phong b\u00ec \u0111\u00f3ng d\u1ea5u T\u1ed0I M\u1eacT. Trong \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Anh m\u00e0 Cook kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p \u0111\u1ecdc tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi t\u1edbi Tahiti. \u0110\u1eebng bu\u1ed3n, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd bi\u1ebft ngay \u0111\u00e2y. Ta th\u1eed gh\u00e9 m\u1eaft d\u00f2m tr\u1ed9m m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i xem sao. Nh\u01b0ng su\u00eet!... \u0111\u1eebng n\u00f3i v\u1edbi ai nh\u00e9. MGNA\u1ec6\u1eedphNnNiphki:hhh\u00ed\u1ec7hHaT\u01b0\u1ea3miprinNLhtugtv\u1ec6\u00ec\u1ea3anim\u1ee5iN\u1ebfmdgp\u00f9t\u0111H,t\u00fa\u1ed1ihtcyti\u1ea5\u1ee5Tvr\u00f3my\u1eebJ\u1ec1c\u1ed0,ta\u1eadIt\u00ecppmhmt\u00echhMmoei\u00edc\u1eb7ast\u1ee7\u1eacacnhannCT\u00f3\u1ea5thayoa\u1edb(mtnoihtChkh\u00ece\u0111aHn\u0111:oy\u01b0\u1ec3h\u00cd\u1ee3Nhktcch\u01b0\u00ecH\u1eddm\u00f4\u1edbbnng\u1eddTgk\u1eb7gHbpi,\u1ebft\u1ee8ia\u1ec3\u00e2mnCnny\u00f3h).LcN\u1ee5hecow\u0111\u0111\u1ecb\u1ebfan Zealand. \u0110\u00e3 k\u00fd ph\u1ee7 Anh qu\u1ed1c Ch\u00ednh TT.\u00e1Bi T: S.Ba:uK\u0111h\u00f3\u00f4nagnh\u0111\u01b0c\u1ee3\u00f3ct\u0111h\u1ec3\u1ec3 tr\u1edf v\u1ec1. l\u1ed9 cho b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ai bi\u1ebft. 57","V\u1eady th\u00ec c\u00e1i L\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u00eda Nam n\u00e0y l\u00e0 qu\u1ef7 g\u00ec v\u00e0 n\u00f3 n\u1eb1m \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u? V\u00e0 t\u1ea1i sao l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3i gi\u1eef b\u00ed m\u1eadt? H\u00e3y nghe Hi\u1ec3n gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch nh\u00e9. Th\u1ef1c ra n\u00f3 l\u00e0 Nam c\u1ef1c. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Hy L\u1ea1p c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba n\u00e0y d\u00f9 ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y. Theo h\u1ecd, ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t \u1edf ph\u00eda nam \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng v\u1edbi B\u1eafc c\u1ef1c. Tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng t\u1ea5m b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 x\u1eeda x\u01b0a, n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Terra Australis Incognita, hay\u201cv\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Nam v\u00f4 danh\u201d. Nh\u01b0ng do n\u1eb1m \u1edf n\u01a1i qu\u00e1 xa x\u00f4i h\u1ebbo l\u00e1nh n\u00ean su\u1ed1t nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00c2u ch\u00e2u n\u00e0o d\u00e1m t\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1. T\u1edbi l\u00fac n\u00e0y, nhi\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m (v\u00e0 c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia) li\u1ec1n h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1ea7m m\u1eaft c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd xu\u1ed1ng ph\u00eda nam.V\u00e0 gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y cu\u1ed9c \u0111ua \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 ai c\u0169ng c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng gi\u00e0nh l\u1ea5y danh hi\u1ec7u l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba b\u00ed \u1ea9n n\u00e0y. Chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i hi\u1ec3n h\u00e1ch Th\u00e1ng T\u00e1m 1768, Cook kh\u1edfi h\u00e0nh tr\u00ean con t\u00e0u Endeavour, m\u1ed9t con t\u00e0u h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn. Tr\u00ean t\u00e0u l\u00e0 97 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u0169ng c\u1ea3m, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc nhi\u1ec5u s\u1ef1. 58","Th\u1eadt kh\u00f3 tin Trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 Joseph Banks (1743-1820), m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt h\u1ecdc h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u. Khi kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb say s\u00f3ng, \u00f4ng ch\u00fai m\u0169i v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch v\u1ec1 th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt v\u00e0 thu th\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y m\u1edbi. (\u00d4ng mang theo b\u1ed1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap \u00f4ng ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i ch\u00fang). Banks c\u0169ng l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u00c2u ch\u00e2u nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y chu\u1ed9t t\u00fai (kangaroo) v\u00e0 nh\u1ea3y d\u1ef1ng l\u00ean v\u00ec kinh ng\u1ea1c. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eafn m\u1ed9t con v\u00e0 th\u1eed nh\u1ea5m nh\u00e1p m\u00f3n ragu kangaroo. Ai mu\u1ed1n \u0103n kh\u00f4ng? Sau h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea7y gian nan v\u1ea5t v\u1ea3, t\u00e1m th\u00e1ng sau t\u00e0u Endeavour c\u1eadp b\u1ebfn Tahiti. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc h\u0103ng h\u00e1i h\u1eb3n l\u00ean. H\u1ecd d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e0i quan s\u00e1t, th\u00e1o d\u1ee1 k\u00ednh thi\u00ean v\u0103n v\u00e0 d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 khoa h\u1ecdc. Sau \u0111\u00f3, v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y m\u00f9ng 3 th\u00e1ng S\u00e1u, s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n h\u1ecd ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i bao l\u00e2u nay cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn. Th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1eb9p v\u00e0 h\u1ecd h\u00e1 h\u1ed1c mi\u1ec7ng quan s\u00e1t Kim tinh ch\u1ea1y ngang qua M\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi. Ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o! N\u00f3 h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn t\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 Cook su\u00fdt n\u1eefa th\u00ec qu\u00ean b\u00e9ng m\u1ea5t c\u00e1i phong b\u00ec nh\u00e0u n\u00e1t trong t\u00fai anh. \u0110\u00f4i tay anh run run khi \u0111\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb b\u00ed m\u1eadt b\u00ean trong... Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea7n ch\u1eeb th\u00eam n\u1eefa. Th\u00e1ng B\u1ea3y t\u00e0u Endeavour l\u1ea1i l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ef1c ch\u1ec9 h\u01b0\u1edbng nam. Xa h\u01a1n n\u1eefa v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda nam. Nh\u01b0ng m\u00e3i ch\u1eb3ng th\u1ea5y b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba b\u00ed \u1ea9n. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, Cook lu\u00f4n khi\u1ebfn th\u1ee7y th\u1ee7 \u0111o\u00e0n b\u1eadn r\u1ed9n v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c v\u1ebd l\u1ea1i b\u1ea3n 59","\u0111\u1ed3 Australia v\u00e0 New Zealand. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c l\u00ea th\u00ea t\u1ebb ng\u1eaft. Th\u1ebf r\u1ed3i v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng S\u00e1u n\u0103m sau, tai h\u1ecda \u1eadp xu\u1ed1ng. T\u00e0u Endeavour \u0111\u00e2m v\u00e0o san h\u00f4 ng\u1ea7m v\u00e0 b\u1ecb th\u1ee7ng. Cook th\u00e1o v\u00e1t \u0111\u00e3 x\u1eed l\u00fd l\u1ed7 th\u1ee7ng b\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5m bu\u1ed3m d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u, r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ph\u00e2n c\u1eebu. Sau \u0111\u00f3 anh c\u1ed1 l\u00e8o l\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0a con t\u00e0u v\u1ec1 Indonesia s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa. Ng\u00e0y 12 th\u00e1ng B\u1ea3y 1771, Endeavour cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u1edbc Anh sau ba n\u0103m tr\u1eddi d\u1ecdc ngang tr\u00ean bi\u1ec3n. Qu\u1ea3 th\u1ef1c Cook kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba m\u1edbi, nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn. V\u00e0 nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 t\u00ean \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 chi\u1ebfm m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb tr\u00ed danh d\u1ef1 trong nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd. \u00d4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3n nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi anh h\u00f9ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ecdng v\u1ecdng v\u00e0 th\u0103ng ti\u1ebfn trong s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p. Chuy\u1ebfn du h\u00e0nh th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Cook CH\u00c2U \u00c2U CH\u00c2U \u00c1 ANH B\u1eaeC M\u1ef8 TAHITI CH\u00c2U PHI australia NAM M\u1ef8 NEW ZEALAND Chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i th\u1ee9 hai (1772-1775) Ch\u1eb3ng bao l\u00e2u sau Cook l\u1ea1i l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm L\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u00eda Nam c\u00f9ng hai con t\u00e0u m\u1edbi. Chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i n\u00e0y th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 nguy hi\u1ec3m. C\u00e0ng \u0111i xa xu\u1ed1ng ph\u00eda nam, th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft c\u00e0ng gi\u00e1 l\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 m\u1eb7t bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea7y nh\u1eefng t\u1ea3ng b\u0103ng tr\u00f4i ch\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Trong l\u00e0n s\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00f9 d\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c, ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t 60","h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ea5t c\u1ea9n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn con t\u00e0u b\u1ecb nghi\u1ec1n n\u00e1t. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 khi\u1ebfn Cook n\u1ea3n l\u00f2ng ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 L\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u00eda Nam n\u00e0o h\u1ebft. V\u00e0 cho d\u00f9 l\u00e0 n\u00f3 c\u00f3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i th\u00ec c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o l\u1ea1i g\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng, Cook ghi trong nh\u1eadt k\u00fd... T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 c\u00e0y n\u00e1t \u0110\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Nam..., kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eeba m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y b\u00f3ng d\u00e1ng n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e2u c\u1ea3.Tr\u1eeb phi n\u00f3 n\u1eb1m t\u00edt g\u1ea7n Nam c\u1ef1c v\u00e0 t\u00e0u b\u00e8 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o t\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Chuy\u1ebfn du h\u00e0nh th\u1ee9 hai c\u1ee7a Cook ANH B\u1eaeC M\u1ef8 CH\u00c2U \u00c2U CH\u00c2U \u00c1 CH\u00c2U PHI australia TAHITI NAM M\u1ef8 nam c\u1ef1c NEW ZEALAND \u00d4ng vi\u1ebft th\u00eam, ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 l\u00fd do g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta l\u1ea1i mu\u1ed1n l\u0103ng qu\u0103ng trong v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n gi\u00e1 l\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 nguy hi\u1ec3m n\u00e0y. Ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn L\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba Ph\u00eda Nam kh\u00f4ng n\u1eb1m trong k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ngh\u1ec9 h\u00e8 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. Tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 Anh, Cook c\u1ed1 qu\u00ean \u0111i m\u1ecdi chuy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 b\u1eaft tay v\u00e0o vi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i b\u00e1o v\u1ec1 b\u1ec7nh sco-b\u00fat... 61","Th\u1eadt kh\u00f3 tin B\u1ec7nh sco-b\u00fat l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u0103n b\u1ec7nh nguy hi\u1ec3m m\u00e0 d\u00e2n th\u1ee7y th\u1ee7 th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1eafc ph\u1ea3i. Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh l\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu ch\u1ea5t vitamin C (c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u trong rau c\u1ee7 v\u00e0 tr\u00e1i c\u00e2y t\u01b0\u01a1i). D\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng l\u1ee3i s\u01b0ng v\u00f9 l\u00ean khi\u1ebfn r\u0103ng r\u1ee5ng h\u1ebft. Ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea1n ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng m\u1ec7t l\u1ea3 v\u00e0 \u1ed1m li\u1ec7t, v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 ngh\u1ebbo c\u00f9 t\u1eeb. Cook khuy\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta n\u00ean \u0103n nhi\u1ec1u rau c\u1ecf. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 cho th\u1ee7y th\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0103n th\u1eadt nhi\u1ec1u... b\u1eafp c\u1ea3i mu\u1ed1i. (M\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u1eefa kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 s\u00fac mi\u1ec7ng b\u1eb1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ec3u \u2013 gh\u00ea qu\u00e1!). Sau n\u00e0y ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng u\u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc chanh c\u0169ng ch\u1eefa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ec7nh. N\u00e0o, c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n, \u0103n th\u1eadt nhi\u1ec1u rau v\u00e0o! Chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i th\u1ee9 ba (1776-1779) Cook d\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ecm tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3n ch\u1ea1y qua ph\u00eda tr\u00ean B\u1eafc M\u1ef9 trong chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i th\u1ee9 ba c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. M\u1ecdi chuy\u1ec7n c\u00f2n h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 d\u1ef1 t\u00ednh. Thay cho tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3n v\u1edb v\u1ea9n ch\u00e1n ng\u1eaft, \u00f4ng t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o Hawaii th\u1ea7n ti\u00ean. Chuy\u1ebfn du h\u00e0nh th\u1ee9 ba c\u1ee7a Cook CH\u00c2U \u00c2U CH\u00c2U \u00c1 ANH B\u1eaeC M\u1ef8 HAWAII CH\u00c2U PHI australia NAM M\u1ef8 62 NEW ZEALAND TAHITI","Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Hawaii r\u1ea5t th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 coi Cook nh\u01b0 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1ch. Nh\u01b0ng ngay c\u1ea3 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1ch c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3n m\u00e3i, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 khi c\u00e1i \u0103n ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f2n. Sau v\u00e0i th\u00e1ng, d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e3 ch\u00e1n ng\u1ea5y \u0111\u00e1m th\u1ee7y th\u1ee7 v\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n h\u1ecd bi\u1ebfn \u0111i cho khu\u1ea5t m\u1eaft. Ng\u00e0y 14 th\u00e1ng Hai n\u0103m 1779, m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadn h\u1ed7n chi\u1ebfn n\u1ed5 ra tr\u00ean b\u00e3i bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 Cook b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e2m ch\u1ebft. X\u00e1c \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mai t\u00e1ng theo nghi th\u1ee9c th\u1ee7y th\u1ee7 \u2013 th\u1ea3 v\u00e0o l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng. Th\u1eadt kh\u00f3 tin Th\u1eadt k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1, James Cook can tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111i v\u00f2ng quanh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi m\u00e0 v\u1eabn bi\u1ebft ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1edd m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i do nh\u00e0 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh John Harrison ph\u00e1t minh v\u00e0 n\u00f3 gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 chi\u1ebfc \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 \u0111o kinh \u0111\u1ed9 ng\u00e0y nay. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n bi\u1ebft kinh \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 v\u0129 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd t\u00ecm ra ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t. C\u00e1c th\u1ee7y th\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m sao bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd r\u00f9ng m\u00ecnh nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ed r\u1eb1ng Cook l\u00e0 th\u1ee7y th\u1ee7 can tr\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1ea5t th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3. Nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ebfn vi\u1ec5n du ti\u00ean phong c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i tr\u00ean h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n kil\u00f4met v\u00e0 khai m\u1edf nhi\u1ec1u v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t, v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n m\u1edbi. Nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 ch\u00e1n bi\u1ec3n ch\u01b0a? B\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7y n\u1eafng gi\u00f3? N\u01a1i n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 khi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1ea1n b\u1ed1c h\u1ecfa v\u00e0 kh\u00f4 h\u1ebft c\u1ea3 mi\u1ec7ng. V\u1eady th\u00ec \u0111\u1eebng qu\u00ean \u0111em theo \u0111\u1ed3 ch\u1ed1ng n\u1eafng \u0111\u1ea5y. B\u1ea1n s\u1ebd r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n ch\u00fang trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng sau. 63","64","TH\u00c1M HI\u1ec2M SA M\u1ea0C 65","Ch\u00e0o m\u1eebng b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi sa m\u1ea1c xa m\u1edd. B\u1ea1n th\u1ea5y th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? V\u1eeba \u0111\u1eb7t ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebfn sa m\u1ea1c, h\u1eb3n b\u1ea1n \u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi bi\u1ec3n xanh m\u00e1t r\u01b0\u1ee3i. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n n\u00f3ng ph\u1eebng ph\u1eebng, m\u1ec7t m\u1ecfi v\u00e0 kh\u00e1t kh\u00f4 c\u1ed5. Ngay c\u1ea3 d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n m\u1edbi ch\u1ecbu n\u1ed5i.V\u1eady th\u00ec t\u1ea1i sao m\u1ea5y \u00f4ng th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m l\u1ea1i th\u00edch \u0111\u00e1nh li\u1ec1u m\u1ea1ng m\u00ecnh trong nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf? M\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa, c\u0169ng l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 v\u00ec bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n v\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 \u0103n ch\u1ed7 \u1edf. Nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00ec nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed3n \u0111\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 sa m\u1ea1c huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i n\u00ean mu\u1ed1n t\u1edbi th\u0103m. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng ng\u1ea1i nguy hi\u1ec3m. Nguy hi\u1ec3m \u01b0? L\u00e0m ng\u01a1 coi nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3. Ch\u00fa \u00fd! Ch\u00fa \u00fd! C\u00e1i n\u00f3ng ch\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ean sa m\u1ea1c, c\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi thi\u1ebfu th\u1ee9c \u0103n v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc u\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho ngay c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m d\u1ebbo dai nh\u1ea5t c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u00ean. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 anh ch\u00e0ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p can \u0111\u1ea3m, Ren\u00e9 Cailli\u00e9 (1799-1838). N\u0103m 1827, anh ta \u0111\u00e3 b\u0103ng qua sa m\u1ea1c Sahara \u1edf ch\u00e2u Phi. Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec anh ta thu\u1eadt l\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m kinh ho\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh: T\u00f4i y\u1ebfu th\u1ea3m y\u1ebfu h\u1ea1i. C\u1eb7p m\u1eaft l\u1edd \u0111\u1edd v\u00f4 h\u1ed3n, ng\u1ef1c \u0111au th\u1eaft v\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1ee1i th\u00e8 l\u00e8 ra. T\u00f4i v\u1eabn r\u00f9ng m\u00ecnh m\u1ed7i khi nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i. T\u00f4i li\u00ean t\u1ee5c ng\u00e3 d\u00fai d\u1ee5i v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0103n... Tuy v\u1eady t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng ti\u00eau, v\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 u\u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh. 66","Ibn Battutah b\u1ea1t t\u1eed Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00e2m c\u1ee7a Ibn Battutah l\u00e0 \u201cKh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd \u0111i l\u1ea1i con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng qua\u201d. Nghe r\u1ea5t m\u1ea1o hi\u1ec3m, nh\u1ec9? Nh\u01b0ng ch\u00ednh \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y kh\u00f3 cho \u00f4ng khi t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ec1. Truy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 L\u1eef kh\u00e1ch Giang h\u1ed3 QU\u1ed0C T\u1ecaCH: MAR\u1ed0C Ibn Battutah ch\u00e0o \u0111\u1eddi t\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Tangier, Ma R\u1ed1c. \u00d4ng r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 h\u1ecdc v\u1ea5n v\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t quan t\u00f2a. Battutah l\u00e0 t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3 H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o, v\u00e0 n\u0103m 21 tu\u1ed5i, ch\u00e0ng trai kho\u00e1c t\u00fai l\u00ean vai, tr\u00e8o l\u00ean l\u01b0ng l\u1ea1c \u0111\u00e0 v\u00e0 b\u0103ng qua sa m\u1ea1c \u1ea2 R\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1edbi th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecba Mecca. Chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi anh. Tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i, Battutah g\u1eb7p m\u1ed9t \u00f4ng gi\u00e0 th\u00f4ng th\u00e1i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00ean \u0111o\u00e1n anh s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u00e0 th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i. H\u1eb3n \u00f4ng gi\u00e0 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u1ea5t gi\u1ecfi \u201ctr\u00f4ng m\u1eb7t m\u00e0 b\u1eaft h\u00ecnh dong\u201d. Th\u1eadt kh\u00f3 tin T\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a Ibn Battutah l\u00e0 Abu Abd Allah Muhammad Ibn Abd Allah Al-Lawati Attanji Ibn Battutah. \u0110\u1ecdc h\u1ebft c\u1ea3 h\u01a1i! M\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n \u00f4ng gi\u1edbi thi\u00ea\u00efu t\u00ean tu\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u1ebfp chuy\u1ec7n ph\u00e1t m\u1ec7t, v\u00e0 h\u1ecd quay sang n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. 67","T\u00ean tu\u1ed5i l\u1eaby l\u1eebng Ibn Battutah lu\u00f4n s\u00f4i s\u1ee5c kh\u00e1t khao th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m. Su\u1ed1t 30 n\u0103m tr\u1eddi, \u00f4ng hi\u1ebfm khi c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t \u1edf nh\u00e0. Trong h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh tr\u1edbi Mecca, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i qua Ai C\u1eadp v\u00e0 Syri. Sau \u0111\u00f3 b\u0103ng qua sa m\u1ea1c \u1ea2 R\u1eadp c\u00e1t b\u1ee5i t\u1edbi Ba T\u01b0 v\u00e0 Iraq. Ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00f3 \u00f4ng l\u00ean t\u00e0u \u0111i d\u1ecdc b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng Phi ch\u00e2u, t\u1edbi Zanzibar huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i. D\u1ea5u ch\u00e2n \u00f4ng in l\u00ean kh\u1eafp m\u1ecdi n\u01a1i. Ri\u00eang chuy\u1ec7n mua b\u01b0u thi\u1ebfp g\u1eedi v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 ch\u1eafc c\u0169ng l\u00e0m \u00f4ng t\u1ed1n kh\u1ed1i ti\u1ec1n. CON KH\u00d4NG, \u1ede \u0110\u00c2Y! \u1ede con \u0110ANG \u1ede \u0110\u00c2Y C\u01a0 \u0110\u00c2Y! \u1ede \u0110\u00c2Y! CH\u00c2U \u00c1 \u1ea2 R\u1eacP HI\u1ec6N con TRUNG QU\u1ed0C \u1ede \u0110\u00c2Y! CH\u00c2U PHI \u1ea4N \u0110\u1ed8 MQvC\u1eb9\u1eddKurit\u1ead\u00e3\u1ed3.y\u1ec7qh\u1edfpi\u00eaCnNiu.n\u1ec7C,ugt\u00eaIXo\u00f3prhhno\u00eaqnb,tia\u1edbnhnnncnumy\u0111\u1eddhmo\u00fdtltBra\u1ea5i\u1ed7\u00e0l.n\u00e0\u00e0a\u1eb9gintuauismgilnB!at\u00e0yn\u1eafth\u1eb9\u00eanuh\u1edfpaimut\u0129\u1ec1v,taTAru\u00ecu\u00ecqcn\u1eddh\u01b0.ytoiuhi\u1ea5\u1ec7x\u00fdnn\u0111mt\u0111xhicax\u1ec9\u1ee7?nagm\u1eb9 B\u00e0 TBGMaaoantatguRtiteHa\u1ed1rhc,il,l, 24 68","D\u00f9 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u Ibn Battutah c\u0169ng l\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch qu\u00fd v\u00e0 t\u00ean \u00f4ng lu\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn... CH\u00c0O, T\u00d4I L\u00c0 ABU ABD ALLAH MUHAMMAD IBN ABD ALLAH AL-LAWATI ATTANJI... ANH TA \u0110ANG N\u00d3I C\u00c1I QU\u1ef6 G\u00cc TH\u1ebe? Kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 1333, Battutah t\u1edbi \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9. \u00d4ng k\u1ebft b\u1ea1n v\u1edbi Ti\u1ec3u v\u01b0\u01a1ng Delhi v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1i tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh. Theo nh\u1eefng ghi ch\u00e9p c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, ta bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng Battutah r\u1ea5t th\u00edch \u1ea4n \u0110\u00f4\u00ef v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00e1n l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3 su\u1ed1t t\u00e1m n\u0103m tr\u1eddi. Ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1c r\u1ee7ng r\u1ec9nh v\u00e0 s\u1edf h\u1eefu m\u1ed9t cung \u0111i\u1ec7n nguy nga. Nh\u01b0ng r\u1ed3i v\u1eadn may c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3o chi\u1ec1u. Battutah b\u1ea5t h\u00f2a v\u1edbi ti\u1ec3u v\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 b\u1ecb t\u1ed1ng v\u00e0o ng\u1ee5c t\u1ed1i. Sau n\u00e0y, Ti\u1ec3u v\u01b0\u01a1ng ngh\u0129 l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 hai l\u00e0m h\u00f2a. Ti\u1ec3u v\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1eed Battutah l\u00e0m s\u1ee9 th\u1ea7n sang Trung Qu\u1ed1c. Chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng Nh\u01b0ng cho d\u00f9 c\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i th\u00ec c\u0169ng c\u00f3 l\u00fac nh\u1edb nh\u00e0. Sau v\u00e0i n\u0103m \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c, Battutah quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0. N\u0103m 1349, sau 24 n\u0103m tr\u1eddi l\u01b0u l\u1ea1c, Ibn Battutah v\u1ec1 t\u1edbi Tangier, Ma R\u1ed1c. N\u00e0o ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ec3 h\u1ebft nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng qua... B\u1ea1n ngh\u0129 v\u1edbi Ibn Battutah b\u1ea1t t\u1eed th\u1ebf l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7 r\u1ed3i, t\u1eeb nay \u00f4ng s\u1ebd khoanh ch\u00e2n ng\u1ed3i y\u00ean m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed7? Nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng ng\u1ed3i y\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e2u. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i \u00f4ng ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 Battutah mu\u1ed1n t\u1edbi \u0111\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. V\u1eady l\u00e0 n\u0103m 1351, Battutah l\u1ea1i g\u00f3i gh\u00e9m h\u00e0nh trang l\u00ean 69","\u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1edbi... sa m\u1ea1c Sahara c\u00e1t tr\u1eafng. Sau khi v\u01b0\u1ee3t d\u00e3y Atlas, \u00f4ng nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u00e0n kh\u00e1ch th\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u0103ng qua sa m\u1ea1c. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 v\u1ea5t v\u1ea3. C\u00e1t b\u1ee5i bay m\u00f9 m\u1ecbt, qu\u1ea5t v\u00e0o m\u1eaft, v\u00e0o m\u0169i v\u00e0 \u00f4ng kh\u00e1t kh\u00f4 c\u1ea3 c\u1ed5. TR\u00c0 KH\u00d4NG? \u1ed2 C\u00d3 CH\u1ee8, C\u00d9NG HAI MU\u1ed6NG \u0110\u01af\u1edcNG... \u00d4ng gi\u00e0 Battutah c\u00f3 gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda nhi\u1ec7t t\u00ecnh? T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean r\u1ed3i. Trong chuy\u1ebfn du h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea7y k\u1ecbch t\u00ednh n\u00e0y, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t n\u0103m t\u1ea1i V\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c Mali (m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia T\u00e2y Phi), ch\u00e8o thuy\u1ec1n xu\u00f4i d\u00f2ng Niger v\u00e0 gh\u00e9 th\u0103m th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Timbiku huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i gi\u1eefa l\u00f2ng sa m\u1ea1c Sahara. L\u1ea0I QUA CH\u1ed6 N\u00c0Y! tt\u00f4iimb\u0111u\u00e3ktthu\u1ea5y s\u00f4ng 70","Cho \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac \u00f4ng tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u0103m 1354, d\u1ea5u ch\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Battutah \u0111\u00e3 in tr\u00ean 120.000km \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea5t. \u00d4ng d\u00e0nh qu\u00e3ng \u0111\u1eddi c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft m\u00f4\u00eft cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 c\u1ed1 nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i \u00f4ng t\u1eebng qua... N\u1ebfu Ibn Battutah c\u00f3 qu\u00ean th\u00ec c\u0169ng \u0111\u1eebng lo \u2013 Hi\u1ec3n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u tr\u00ean b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng... D\u1ec4 S\u1eec D\u1ee4NG? LATAKIA MECCA B\u1eaeC KINH TANGIER BAGHDAD MARRAKESH CH\u00c2U \u00c1 H\u1ea0 M\u00d4N D\u00c3Y ATLAS TRUNG QU\u1ed0C DELHI SA M\u1ea0C SAHARA \u1ea2 R\u1eacP \u1ea4N \u0110\u1ed8 TIMBUKTU MALI CALICUT CH\u00c2U PHI MOMBASA KILWA \u0110\u1ea0I T\u00c2Y \u1ea4N \u0110\u1ed8 D\u01af\u01a0NG D\u01af\u01a0NG 71","Th\u1eadt kh\u00f3 tin Su\u1ed1t nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m tr\u1eddi, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Timbuktu nh\u01b0 tr\u00eau ng\u01b0\u1eddi du kh\u00e1ch. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a v\u00f9ng sa m\u1ea1c trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 l\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed3n \u0111\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tin n\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Nh\u01b0ng cho t\u1edbi th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 m\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00edn, kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00c2u ch\u00e2u n\u00e0o t\u1eebng \u0111\u1eb7t ch\u00e2n t\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y... M\u00e0 c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng tr\u1edf v\u1ec1. N\u0103m 1826, m\u1ed9t qu\u00e2n nh\u00e2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh t\u00ean l\u00e0 Alexander Gordon Laing (1793-1826) c\u0169ng t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch t\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Timbuktu, nh\u01b0ng l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c anh ta b\u1ecb nh\u00e0 c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n b\u1eaft gi\u1eef v\u00ec t\u1ed9i l\u00e0m gi\u00e1n \u0111i\u1ec7p v\u00e0 th\u1ee7 ti\u00eau. Nh\u00e0 th\u00e1m hi\u1ebfm ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd g\u1eb7p sau \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1edbi Timbuktu \u2013 \u00f4ng ta c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng bi\u1ebft m\u00ecnh \u0111i \u0111\u00e2u n\u1eefa. \u00d4ng c\u1ee9 \u0111i m\u00e3i, \u0111i m\u00e3i v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh c\u1edd g\u1eb7p... m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 b\u1ecb l\u00e3ng qu\u00ean t\u1eeb l\u00e2u. Burckhardt b\u00f4n ba Johann Ludwig Burckhardt kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m h\u0103m h\u1edf. Nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng \u0111ang c\u1ea1n t\u00fai v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m. Truy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 L\u1eef kh\u00e1ch Giang h\u1ed3 QU\u1ed0C T\u1ecaCH: TH\u1ee4Y S\u0128 72","Sinh ra trong m\u1ed9t gia \u0111\u00ecnh kh\u00e1 gi\u1ea3 t\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Lausanne, Th\u1ee5y S\u0129, c\u1eadu b\u00e9 Johann \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1ng trong nhung l\u1ee5a. Nh\u01b0ng tu\u1ed5i th\u01a1 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac nhanh ch\u00f3ng \u0111i qua. Cha Johann l\u00e0m \u0103n thua l\u1ed7 v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i v\u00e0o t\u00f9. Sau \u0111\u00f3 Johann v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc, nh\u01b0ng c\u1eadu ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ecdc h\u00e0nh g\u00ec, ch\u1ec9 th\u00edch ti\u1ec7c t\u00f9ng h\u1ed9i h\u00e8 v\u00e0 tham d\u1ef1 v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00e1nh nhau. C\u01a1 may N\u0103m 1806, c\u1eadu ch\u00e0ng Johann kh\u00f4ng xu d\u00ednh t\u00fai t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng sang Anh qu\u1ed1c ki\u1ebfm vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m. Su\u1ed1t nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e1ng tr\u1eddi, anh ch\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0o v\u00e0 s\u1eafp ch\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3i. Th\u1ebf r\u1ed3i v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb9p tr\u1eddi v\u1eadn may \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn... V\u00e0i n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd Anh qu\u1ed1c h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp h\u1ed9i th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m Phi ch\u00e2u. H\u1ecd c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00ecnh nguy\u1ec7n \u0111i t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ea7u ngu\u1ed3n s\u00f4ng Niger. (Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ra \u0111i nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ec1u th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecf m\u1ea1ng) V\u00e0 h\u1ecd s\u1ebd tr\u1ea3 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 1 b\u1ea3ng m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y. Johann \u0111ang c\u1ea7n ti\u1ec1n n\u00ean nh\u1eadn l\u1eddi ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c. V\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 nghe ch\u1eebng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n: l\u00ean t\u00e0u sang Cairo, th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 Ai C\u1eadp. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t sa m\u1ea1c Sahara t\u1edbi Timbuktu v\u00e0 t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ebfn s\u00f4ng Niger. Nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i chuy\u1ec7n gi\u1ee1n \u0111\u00e2u. Trong v\u00e0i th\u00e1ng k\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp, Johann b\u1eadn b\u00f9 \u0111\u1ea7u. Anh ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfng \u1ea2 R\u1eadp (th\u1ee9 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u1edf v\u00f9ng Trung \u0110\u00f4ng v\u00e0 B\u1eafc Phi), t\u1eadp s\u1ed1ng trong sa m\u1ea1c \u2013 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111i b\u1ed9 h\u00e0ng gi\u1edd d\u01b0\u1edbi n\u1eafng tr\u01b0a m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed9i m\u0169 \u2013 v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 \u0103n rau d\u01b0a v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ecdc. M\u1ecdi chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng. Ph\u1ea3i, g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ea1i Trung \u0110\u00f4ng v\u00e0 Phi ch\u00e2u ch\u1ec9 to\u00e0n nh\u1eefng l\u1eef kh\u00e1ch \u1ea2 R\u1eadp. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00c2u ch\u00e2u nh\u01b0 Johann ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ebfm tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u ng\u00f3n tay v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb c\u01b0\u1edbp b\u00f3c, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed l\u00e0 gi\u1ebft h\u1ea1i. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 duy nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 v\u1ebb an to\u00e0n \u2013 Johann ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea3i trang th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea2 R\u1eadp, v\u1edbi t\u1ea5m \u00e1o th\u1ee5ng d\u00e0i qu\u00e9t \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 t\u1ea5m kh\u0103n tr\u00f9m k\u00edn m\u1eb7t. Th\u00e1ng Ba n\u0103m 1809, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng r\u1ed3i Johann c\u0169ng l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng. 73","Johann s\u1ebd th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng? Hay ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng bi\u1ebft t\u1ecfng anh ta l\u00e0 ai? T\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t ta n\u00ean \u0111\u1ecdc nh\u1eadt k\u00fd b\u00ed m\u1eadt c\u1ee7a anh! Tuy nhi\u00ean c\u0169ng n\u00ean th\u1ec3 t\u1ea5t cho ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft nh\u01b0 g\u00e0 b\u1edbi c\u1ee7a Johann. Anh ta ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea5u gi\u1ebfm cu\u1ed1n nh\u1eadt k\u00fd n\u00e0y, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng s\u1ebd l\u1ed9 t\u1ea9y h\u1ebft. \u0110\u1ecaA TRUNG H\u1ea2I Aleppo N\u00fai Sinai Cairo Petra Isna Aqaba Yanbu Medina Sa m\u1ea1c Nubian BI\u1ec2N \u0110\u1ece Mecca Jiddah Shendi Suakin 74","NH\u1eacT K\u00dd T\u1ed0I M\u1eacT * \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1i t\u00ean \u1ea2 c\u1ee7a Ibrahim Ibn Abdullah* R\u1eadp m\u00e0 Johann ch\u1ecdn cho m\u00ecnh d\u00f9ng khi \u0111i. Th\u00e1ng Ch\u00edn 1810, Aleppo, Syri T\u01a1i t\u1edbi Syri v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng B\u1ea3y 1809, c\u0129 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t n\u0103m r\u1ed3i. M\u1ecdi chuy\u1ec7n v\u01b0\u1ee3t c\u1ea3 hy v\u1ecdng. Kh\u01a1ng m\u1ed9t ai bi\u1ebft t\u01a1i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00c2u ch\u00e2u, ch\u1ec9 duy nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n c\u0129 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng nghi ng\u1edd \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ed1 gi\u1eadt r\u00e2u t\u01a1i. Su\u00fdt toi! T\u01a1i \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ed1 h\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y c\u0129 th\u1ec3 n\u0129i tr\u01a1i ch\u1ea3y ti\u1ebfng \u1ea2 R\u1eadp \u2013 trong khi qu\u00ean m\u1ea5t \u00edt nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ebfng Th\u1ee5y S\u0129. T\u01a1i c\u0169ng ba l\u1ea7n \u0111i t\u1edbi sa m\u1ea1c \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m quen d\u1ea7n v\u00e0 g\u1eb7p m\u1ed9t chuy\u1ec7n b\u1ef1c m\u00ecnh trong chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i th\u1ee9 ba. T\u1ee5i tr\u1ed9m th\u0129 h\u1ebft ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1c v\u00e0 l\u1ea1c \u0111\u00e0 c\u1ee7a t\u01a1i, nh\u01b0ng r\u1ea5t may cu\u1ed1n nh\u1eadt k\u00fd t\u01a1i gi\u1ea5u trong t\u00fai qu\u1ea7n v\u1eabn b\u00ecnh y\u00ean! Th\u00e1ng B\u1ea3y 1812, Thung l\u0169ng Jordan V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb h\u1ed3n h\u1ea3o, t\u01a1i r\u1eddi Aleppo v\u00e0o m\u00f9a xu\u00e2n n\u0103m 1812, \u0111i d\u1ecdc Thung l\u0169ng B\u1ed9 r\u00e2u Jordan. Cairo \u01a1i, ta s\u1eafp \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e2y! T\u01a1i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111i theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ecbng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u0129 th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafm c\u1ea3nh th\u01a1n qu\u00ea. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean t\u01a1i bi\u1ebft nh\u01b0 v\u1eady h\u01a1i m\u1ea1o hi\u1ec3m. T\u01a1i b\u1eaft g\u1eb7p nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e1 b\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u2013 m\u01a1 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u1ea5u s\u1ed1 75","g\u1eb7p c\u01b0\u1edbp. \u0110\u00e1ng ng\u1ea1i th\u1eadt, nh\u01b0ng t\u01a1i th\u1ea5y c\u0169ng b\u00f5 c\u01a1ng l\u1eafm. \u0110\u00eam xu\u1ed1ng, t\u01a1i th\u01b0\u1eddng xin ng\u1ee7 nh\u1edd trong l\u00e0ng, n\u1eb1m l\u0103n d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. V\u00e0 h\u01a1n th\u1ebf n\u1eefa, ch\u1eb3ng ai bi\u1ebft t\u01a1i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00c2u ch\u00e2u. 19 th\u00e1ng T\u00e1m 1812, \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u0129 trong sa m\u1ea1c B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u kh\u0129 kh\u0103n r\u1ed3i \u0111\u00e2y, t\u01a1i c\u0129 th\u1ec3 n\u0129i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. Tr\u1eddi n\u0129ng b\u1ee9c ng\u1ed9t ng\u1ea1t, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eadp gh\u1ec1nh kh\u0129 \u0111i v\u00e0 ru\u1ed3i b\u1ecd th\u00ec th\u01a1i r\u1ed3i, \u0111\u1ee7 l\u00e0m b\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u00ean. T\u01a1i m\u1eebng v\u00ec cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u0169ng t\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n Kerek \u0111\u1ec3 ngh\u1ec9 ng\u01a1i cho l\u1ea1i s\u1ee9c. Khi \u1edf \u0111\u0129, t\u01a1i nghe \u0111\u1ed3n v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a hoang ph\u1ebf gi\u1ea5u m\u00ecnh sau nh\u1eefng c\u1ed3n c\u00e1t sa m\u1ea1c. T\u01a1i ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u0129 xem m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Nh\u01b0ng t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh c\u1ecbn l\u1ea1i th\u1eadt kh\u01a1ng d\u1ec5. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng t\u01a1i c\u0169ng thu\u00ea \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1eabn t\u01a1i t\u1edbi Cairo v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 20 piastre (1 b\u1ea3ng) v\u00e0 b\u1ed1n con d\u00ea. Th\u1eadt \u0111\u00fang l\u00e0 \u0103n c\u01b0\u1edbp gi\u1eefa ban ng\u00e0y. Nh\u01b0ng bi\u1ebft k\u00eau ai b\u00e2y gi\u1edd. 22 th\u00e1ng T\u00e1m 1812, Petra, Jordan M\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi! T\u01a1i \u0111\u00e3 quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m s\u1ebd gh\u00e9 qua th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed5 n\u00e1t nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu n\u0129i ra s\u1ebd l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb s\u1ed1c. V\u00ec th\u1ebf t\u01a1i 76","gi\u1ea3 b\u1ed9 mu\u1ed1n hi\u1ebfn t\u1ebf m\u1ed9t con d\u00ea cho nh\u00e0 ti\u00ean tri Haroun \u2013 m\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a \u01a1ng n\u1eb1m cu\u1ed1i thung l\u0169ng, mu\u1ed1n t\u1edbi \u0111\u0129 ph\u1ea3i \u0111i ngang th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1. Kh\u01a1n qu\u00e1 nh\u1ec9? Nh\u01b0ng r\u1ed3i t\u01a1i s\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ebft khi\u1ebfp. T\u01a1i theo ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i qua m\u1ed9t khe n\u00fai h\u1eb9p v\u00e0 th\u00ecnh l\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 hi\u1ec7n ra. M\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a tr\u00e1ng l\u1ec7, n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e1 sa m\u1ea1c \u0111\u1ecf r\u1ef1c! T\u01a1i c\u1ed1 l\u1ea1i g\u1ea7n c\u00e1c ng\u01a1i nh\u00e0 tinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 l\u0103ng m\u1ed9 c\u1ea7u k\u1ef3, nh\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ef1c m\u00ecnh ra m\u1eb7t n\u00ean kh\u01a1ng d\u00e1m n\u00e1n l\u1ea1i l\u00e2u. T\u01a1i ch\u1ec9 k\u1ecbp ghi ch\u00e9p th\u1eadt nhanh r\u1ed3i l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng. Johann \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecnh c\u1edd b\u1eaft g\u1eb7p ph\u1ebf t\u00edch th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Petra c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a.V\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean, Petra l\u00e0 th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c Nabatean th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nabatean l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi du m\u1ee5c mi\u1ec1n t\u00e2y \u1ea2 R\u1eadp, gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 nh\u1edd c\u01b0\u1edbp b\u00f3c c\u00e1c \u0111o\u00e0n th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u00e2n \u0111i ngang qua v\u00f9ng n\u00e0y. Sau \u0111\u00f3 Petra r\u01a1i v\u00e0o tay ng\u01b0\u1eddi La M\u00e3, nh\u01b0ng v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 7 sau C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean, n\u00f3 d\u1ea7n suy t\u00e0n. Johann l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00c2u ch\u00e2u \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u1eb7t ch\u00e2n t\u1edbi th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb l\u00e3ng qu\u00ean ng\u00f3t ngh\u00ecn n\u0103m n\u00e0y. Qu\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed7i \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. 77","\u0110i c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c l\u00e1i bu\u00f4n T\u1eeb Petra, Johann ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 t\u1edbi Cairo v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng Ch\u00edn 1812. \u00d4ng \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eadp c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u00e0n th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 b\u0103ng qua sa m\u1ea1c Sahara, t\u1edbi th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Timbuktu v\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng Niger. (N\u00f3i cho c\u00f9ng, \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng). Nh\u01b0ng h\u00e0ng tu\u1ea7n l\u1ec5 tr\u00f4i qua m\u00e0 ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 \u0111o\u00e0n kh\u00e1ch th\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0o l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng. Johann m\u1ec7t m\u1ecfi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1ef1c m\u00ecnh v\u00ec c\u1ea3nh \u0103n kh\u00f4ng ng\u1ed3i r\u1ed3i. V\u1eabn c\u1ea3i trang l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea2 R\u1eadp, \u00f4ng l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t v\u00f2ng ng\u1eafm c\u1ea3nh Ai C\u1eadp, r\u1ed3i h\u00e0nh h\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1edbi Mecca (th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecba H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o). (May m\u00e0 \u00f4ng c\u1ea3i trang kh\u00e9o \u0111\u1ea5y. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u00e0i b\u1ecb c\u1ea5m b\u00e9n m\u1ea3ng t\u1edbi g\u1ea7n Mecca \u2013 b\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng s\u1ebd ch\u1ebft ch\u1eafc). Th\u00e1ng Gi\u00eang 1815, Johann l\u00ean c\u01a1n s\u1ed1t v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i r\u00fat ng\u1eafn h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh. \u00d4ng quay l\u1ea1i Cairo... ch\u1edd \u0111o\u00e0n th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u00e2n k\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e1m c\u00e0ng \u0111i Phi ch\u00e2u. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng \u0111o\u00e0n kh\u00e1ch th\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u1eb3ng th\u1ea5y \u0111\u00e2u v\u00e0 sau hai n\u0103m m\u00f2n m\u1ecfi ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i, Johann ki\u1ec7t s\u1ee9c v\u00e0 quy ti\u00ean. \u00d4ng kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd t\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Timbuktu hay c\u1ed9i ngu\u1ed3n s\u00f4ng Niger. Nh\u01b0ng thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, Johann \u0111\u00e3 b\u00f4n ba nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u1ea5t. Th\u1eadt kh\u00f3 tin Burckhardt d\u0169ng c\u1ea3m kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u00e0 th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m duy nh\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea3i trang. N\u0103m 1853, nh\u00e0 th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh gan d\u1ea1 Richard Burton (1821-1890) c\u0169ng l\u00e0m y nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i t\u1edbi Mecca d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u1ed1t m\u1ed9t b\u00e1c s\u0129 H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o (th\u1ef1c ra \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i T\u00d4I \u0110\u00c2Y! AI? l\u00e0 b\u00e1c s\u0129 b\u00e1c si\u1ebfc g\u00ec h\u1ebft, ch\u1eb3ng qua \u00f4ng ch\u1eefa cho hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ec7nh ng\u00e1y). Burton c\u1ea3i trang kh\u00e9o \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i b\u1ea1n \u00f4ng c\u00f2n nh\u1ea7m. Khi tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i Cairo, kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t ai trong s\u1ed1 h\u1ecd nh\u1eadn ra \u00f4ng. 78","Trong l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3, \u1edf ph\u00eda b\u00ean kia c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c \u0111ang c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3 b\u00ed \u1ea9n ngay gi\u1eefa l\u00f2ng Australia. N\u1eb1m k\u1ec1 b\u00ean nh\u1eefng c\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng m\u00e0u m\u1ee1, nh\u1eefng h\u1ed3 n\u01b0\u1edbc trong xanh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t sa m\u1ea1c n\u1eafng ch\u00e1y da ch\u00e1y th\u1ecbt. T\u00d4I NGH\u0128 N\u00d3 L\u00c0 M\u1ed8T H\u1ed2 N\u01af\u1edaC C\u1ea0N KH\u00d4, TR\u01af\u1edaC \u0110\u00c2Y N\u01af\u1edaC TRONG V\u1eaeT... Stuart b\u1ea1t m\u1ea1ng John McDouall Stuart ch\u1eb3ng ra d\u00e1ng m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m h\u0103m h\u1edf t\u1eb9o n\u00e0o. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00ec nh\u1ecf th\u00f3 \u1ebbo l\u1ea3, \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ebf l\u1ea1i nh\u00e1t nh\u01b0 c\u00e1y, v\u1eady m\u00e0 d\u00e1m m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n v\u00e0o ch\u1ed1n hoang d\u00e3... Truy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 L\u1eef kh\u00e1ch Giang h\u1ed3 QU\u1ed0C T\u1ecaCH: SCOTLAND Tuy ch\u00e0o \u0111\u1eddi t\u1ea1i Scotland nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ebfn tu\u1ed5i thanh ni\u00ean, Stuart di c\u01b0 sang Australia, l\u00e0m ru\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean tr\u1eafc \u0111\u1ecba (ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111o \u0111\u1ea1c v\u00e0 v\u1ebd b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai). \u00d4ng t\u1edbi Adelaide, mi\u1ec1n nam Australia th\u00e1ng Gi\u00eang 1839. Khi \u0111\u00f3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a bi\u1ebft t\u00ed g\u00ec v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n b\u00ean trong 79","Australia. M\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n bi\u1ebft th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 duy nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u2013 b\u0103ng qua l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea5y. Ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n Nam Australia treo m\u1ed9t m\u00f3n ti\u1ec1n th\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1edbn cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00c2u ch\u00e2u \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean n\u00e0o b\u0103ng qua l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba, t\u1eeb nam l\u00ean b\u1eafc. \u0110\u1eebng t\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edf. Th\u1eadt kh\u00f3 tin M\u00ccNH \u0110\u00c3 S\u1eb4N S\u00c0NG N\u0103m 1844, nh\u00e0 th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m CHO CHUY\u1ebeN \u0110I. Charles Sturt th\u1eed b\u0103ng qua Australia \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean. \u0110\u00e1ng ti\u1ebfc l\u00e0 Sturt (1795-1869) l\u1ea1i ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u00fang m\u00f9a h\u00e8 n\u00f3ng nh\u1ea5t trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. \u00d4ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e0o h\u1ed1 d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh n\u1eafng. Tr\u1eddi n\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i Sturt ch\u1eb3ng th\u1ec3 ghi ch\u00e9p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00ec v\u00ec m\u1ef1c trong b\u00fat kh\u00f4 cong. V\u00e0 khi m\u01b0a xu\u1ed1ng, \u0111\u1ea5t nh\u00e3o ra d\u00ednh nho\u00e9t khi\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c \u0111i l\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n. Th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft oi b\u1ee9c bu\u1ed9c Sturt ph\u1ea3i quay v\u1ec1 khi ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n c\u00e1ch trung t\u00e2m c\u00f3 250 kil\u00f4met. Trong chuy\u1ebfn tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea7y th\u00ea th\u1ea3m, b\u0103ng qua sa m\u1ea1c hoang t\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t gi\u1ecdt n\u01b0\u1edbc, Sturt b\u1ecb m\u00f9, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111en ch\u00e1y nh\u01b0 b\u00e1nh m\u00ec n\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9i ph\u1ea3i c\u00e1ng \u0111i \u2013 \u00f4ng y\u1ebfu qu\u00e1 r\u1ed3i. B\u0103ng qua l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba Ch\u1edb c\u00f3 th\u1ea5y v\u1ebb ngo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a Stuart m\u00e0 nh\u1ea7m. \u00d4ng l\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 t\u00e1 c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i Sturt trong chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i kinh ho\u00e0ng tr\u00ean v\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1eef kh\u00e1ch gi\u00e0u kinh nghi\u1ec7m. Ngo\u00e0i ra v\u1edbi \u00f4ng \u0103n b\u1edd ng\u1ee7 b\u1ee5i ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec7n v\u1eb7t. Cu\u1ed9c vi\u1ec5n du c\u1ee7a Sturt \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi Stuart. \u00d4ng b\u1ecf qu\u00e1ch c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c tr\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea1c, lao v\u00e0o th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m. \u00d4ng mu\u1ed1n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng \u1edf n\u01a1i Sturt \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 b\u0103ng qua Australia r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn. 80","H\u00c0NHTR\u00ccNH C\u1ee6A STUART DARWIN NAM TH\u00c1I B\u00ccNH \u1ea4N \u0110\u1ed8 D\u01af\u01a0NG D\u01af\u01a0NG N\u01a0I B\u1eca R\u1eb6NG SAN T\u1ea4N C\u00d4NG H\u00d4 R\u00c0O CH\u1eaeN L\u1edaN N\u00daI STUART Australia H\u1ed2 EYRE PERTH KHE HANG SYDNEY ADELAIDE \uf0ea\tCu\u1ed9c vi\u1ec5n du th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t \t Th\u00e1ng T\u00e1m n\u0103m 1859, Stuart qu\u1ea3 c\u1ea3m c\u00f9ng ba ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 12 con ng\u1ef1a xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb Adelaide, quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m b\u0103ng ngang l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba. H\u1ecd \u0111i l\u00ean ph\u00eda b\u1eafc, t\u1edbi Khe Hang (Chambers Creek), r\u1ed3i h\u1ed3 Eyre. Sau \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ecd r\u1ebd sang h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00e2y b\u1eafc, b\u0103ng qua d\u00e3y Macdonnell (\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi theo t\u00ean c\u1ee7a th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1c Nam Australia). Th\u00e1ng T\u01b0 1860, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng h\u1ecd c\u0169ng t\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trung t\u00e2m Australia. V\u00e0 h\u1ecd th\u1ea5y g\u00ec \u1edf \u0111\u00f3? Ph\u1ea3i, m\u1ed9t sa m\u1ea1c b\u1ee5i b\u1eb7m \u0111\u1ecf \u0111\u1ecdc. Stuart l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00c2u ch\u00e2u \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eadn m\u1eaft nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y n\u00f3. \u00d4ng vi\u1ebft trong nh\u1eadt k\u00fd: Ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m nay, qua quan s\u00e1t... t\u00f4i bi\u1ebft m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 \u1edf ch\u00ednh gi\u1eefa Australia. 81","\u0110\u1ec3 \u0103n m\u1eebng, \u00f4ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh tr\u00e8o l\u00ean m\u1ed9t ng\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ed3i (h\u1ecd g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 n\u00fai Sturt nh\u01b0ng sau \u0111\u00f3 n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh n\u00fai Stuart) v\u00e0 c\u1eafm c\u1edd tr\u00ean \u0111\u00f3. R\u1ed3i h\u1ecd r\u00fat \u0111i. Th\u00e1ng S\u00e1u, tai h\u1ecda x\u1ea3y t\u1edbi. H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua 2.400 kil\u00f4met \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea5t, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n 500 c\u00e2y s\u1ed1 n\u1eefa l\u00e0 t\u1edbi b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n ph\u00eda b\u1eafc. Nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc u\u1ed1ng s\u1eafp c\u1ea1n c\u00f2n b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n Stuart b\u1ecb m\u1eafc b\u1ec7nh sco-b\u00fat. T\u1ec7 h\u01a1n, d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u1eb7n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng - \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 n\u01a1i Stuart g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Khe C\u01b0\u1edbp (Attack Creek) - bu\u1ed9c h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i quay lui. Ki\u1ec7t s\u1ee9c v\u00e0 g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 ch\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3i, h\u1ecd l\u1ebft v\u1ec1 t\u1edbi Adelaide v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng T\u00e1m v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3n nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi anh h\u00f9ng. \uf0ea\tCu\u1ed9c vi\u1ec5n du th\u1ee9 hai \t T\u1edbi th\u00e1ng Gi\u00eang n\u0103m sau, Stuart l\u1ea1i l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eeb c\u0103n c\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7t t\u1ea1i Khe Hang. L\u1ea7n n\u00e0y \u00f4ng \u0111em theo 12 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f9ng 49 con ng\u1ef1a. Chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i l\u1ea7n n\u00e0y c\u1ef1c v\u1ea5t v\u1ea3. Tr\u1eddi n\u1eafng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed5 l\u1eeda l\u00e0m h\u1ecd l\u1eed kh\u1eed, c\u1ed9ng v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc u\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec1u thi\u1ebfu. B\u1eeeA S\u00c1NG CH\u1ec8 C\u00d3 NHI\u00caU \u0110\u00d3 L\u00c0 B\u1eeeA S\u00c1NG, B\u1eeeA \u0110\u00c2Y TH\u00d4I \u00c0? TR\u01afA V\u00c0 B\u1eeeA T\u1ed0I \u0110\u1ea4Y. \t T\u1ea1i Khe C\u01b0\u1edbp h\u1ecd m\u1ea5t v\u00e0i ng\u00e0y c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng ph\u00e1t quang l\u1ed1i \u0111i xuy\u00ean qua c\u00e1c b\u1ee5i c\u00e2y r\u1eadm r\u1ecbt ng\u0103n c\u00e1ch h\u1ecd v\u1edbi b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n. Nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00edt l\u00e2u, v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng B\u1ea3y, Stuart \u0111\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 quay v\u1ec1 trong n\u1ed7i th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng c\u00f9ng c\u1ef1c. 82","\uf0ea\tCu\u1ed9c vi\u1ec5n du th\u1ee9 ba \t Nh\u01b0ng Stuart kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecf cu\u1ed9c. \u00d4ng c\u00e0ng th\u00eam quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau. V\u00e0 v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng M\u01b0\u1eddi n\u0103m 1861, \u00f4ng l\u1ea1i r\u1eddi Adelaide, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n chuy\u1ebfn vi\u1ec5n du th\u1ee9 ba. Nh\u01b0ng qu\u00e1 tam ba b\u1eadn hay l\u1ea7n n\u00e0y \u00f4ng s\u1ebd may m\u1eafn h\u01a1n? \u0110o\u00e0n vi\u1ec5n chinh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1i t\u00ean \u201c\u0110o\u00e0n Vi\u1ec5n chinh Th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m Mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Mi\u1ec1n Nam V\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i\u201d (The South Australian Great Northern Exploring Expedition). V\u00e0 h\u1eb3n b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd vui m\u1eebng khi bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 x\u1ee9ng danh v\u1edbi c\u00e1i t\u00ean oai h\u00f9ng \u0111\u00f3. L\u1ea7n n\u00e0y, ch\u1ec9 v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u1ecf trong h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh, Stuart v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1m b\u1ee5i r\u1eadm. V\u00e0 ng\u00e0y 24 th\u00e1ng B\u1ea3y 1862, Stuart sung s\u01b0\u1edbng vi\u1ebft v\u00e0o nh\u1eadt k\u00fd: T\u00f4i th\u1ea5y bi\u1ec3n ngay tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t m\u00ecnh. Th\u1eadt sung s\u01b0\u1edbng khi ng\u1eafm nh\u00ecn m\u1eb7t bi\u1ec3n \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 d\u01b0\u01a1ng trong v\u1ecbnh Van Diemen... T\u00f4i quay l\u1ea1i thung l\u0169ng v\u00e0 kh\u1eafc m\u1ea5y ch\u1eef c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea7u trong t\u00ean m\u00ecnh l\u00ean m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y c\u1ed5 th\u1ee5. \t Sau chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i k\u00e9o d\u00e0i ch\u00edn th\u00e1ng, Stuart \u0111\u00e3 t\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n ph\u00eda b\u1eafc, g\u1ea7n th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Darwin ng\u00e0y nay. \u00d4ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n ch\u00fac m\u1eebng nhau, r\u1ed3i nh\u1ea3y \u00e0o xu\u1ed1ng bi\u1ec3n. \u0007Stuart cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \u2013 b\u0103ng qua Australia. Nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i kh\u1ed5 c\u1ef1c \u0111\u00e3 t\u00e0n ph\u00e1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. G\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 m\u00f9 d\u1edf, n\u00f3i ph\u1ec1u ph\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh l\u1eddi, Stuart \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u1ec1 Adelaide tr\u00ean chi\u1ebfc c\u00e1ng t\u1ea1m b\u1ee3 bu\u1ed9c to\u00f2ng teng gi\u1eefa hai con 83","ng\u1ef1a. T\u1ea3 t\u01a1i nh\u01b0 \u0103n m\u00e0y, \u00f4ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9i v\u1ec1 t\u1edbi Adelaide v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng M\u01b0\u1eddi hai. D\u00e2n ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ed5 ra \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi anh h\u00f9ng. Bu\u1ed3n thay, Stuart b\u1ea1t m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ee9c c\u00f9ng l\u1ef1c ki\u1ec7t v\u00ec nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i. \u00d4ng m\u1ea5t sau \u0111\u00f3 \u00edt l\u00e2u. Chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i oai h\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng minh r\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba Australia l\u00e0 hoang m\u1ea1c c\u1eb1n c\u1ed7i. V\u00e0i n\u0103m sau, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2y \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eafc d\u1ecdc theo tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng Stuart \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i, n\u1ed1i li\u1ec1n Adelaide v\u00e0 Darwin. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed9t tuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1p ng\u1ea7m d\u01b0\u1edbi bi\u1ec3n n\u1ed1i Australia v\u1edbi to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 l\u00e0 nh\u1edd Stuart can \u0111\u1ea3m v\u00e0 b\u1ec1n ch\u00ed. Th\u1eadt kh\u00f3 tin Th\u1ef1c ra Stuart b\u1ea1t m\u1ea1ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean b\u0103ng qua l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba. M\u1ed9t \u0111o\u00e0n vi\u1ec5n chinh kh\u00e1c, do Robert O\u2019Hara Burke (1820-1861) v\u00e0 William John Wills (1834-1861) d\u1eabn d\u1eaft \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u00f4ng. Burke v\u00e0 Wills \u0111\u00e3 t\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ecbnh Carpentarria v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng Hai 1861. Nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 Stuart, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd quay v\u1ec1. Ki\u1ec7t qu\u1ec7 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3i l\u1ea3, h\u1ecd ch\u1ebft tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng quay v\u1ec1 tr\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1eb7t t\u1ea1i Khe Cooper. Bi k\u1ecbch l\u00e0 \u1edf ch\u1ed7 h\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n c\u00e1ch tr\u1ea1i c\u00f3 v\u00e0i ti\u1ebfng \u0111i b\u1ed9 \u2013 v\u00e0 s\u1ebd tho\u00e1t. Nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3i nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ec7n \u0111au l\u00f2ng r\u1edbt n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7 r\u1ed3i. Vui l\u00ean n\u00e0o, c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n ti\u1ebfp theo s\u1ebd l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m h\u0103m h\u1edf \u0111\u00e3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua ngh\u1ecbch c\u1ea3nh \u2013 nh\u1edd \u0111\u00e1m g\u00e0 v\u1ecbt! 84","Hedin - ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00f9ng Sa m\u1ea1c Taklamakan \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c l\u00e0 n\u01a1i r\u1ea5t hoang vu, \u0111\u00e1ng s\u1ee3. D\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng g\u1ecdi n\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u201cT\u1eed \u0110\u1ecba\u201d. Nghe l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7 bi\u1ebft r\u1ed3i. Nh\u01b0ng nh\u00e0 th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m Sven Hedin kh\u00f4ng v\u00ec th\u1ebf m\u00e0 run s\u1ee3. Trong \u00f4ng lu\u00f4n nung n\u1ea5u ho\u00e0i b\u00e3o chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng n\u00f3. Truy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 L\u1eef kh\u00e1ch Giang h\u1ed3 QU\u1ed0C T\u1ecaCH: TH\u1ee4Y \u0110I\u1ec2N Cha c\u1ee7a Sven l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t mu\u1ed1n con m\u00ecnh n\u1ed1i nghi\u1ec7p. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1eadu ch\u00e0ng h\u1ecdc h\u00e0nh ch\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e2u v\u00e0o \u0111\u00e2u. C\u1eadu m\u1ea3i m\u00ea v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c c\u01a1, t\u1ec9 nh\u01b0 v\u1ebd ngu\u1ec7ch ngo\u1ea1c b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 l\u00ean b\u00e0n \u0103n ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n. R\u1eddi gh\u1ebf nh\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng, anh ch\u00e0ng Sven may m\u1eafn nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t ch\u00e2n gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean \u1edf Nga. \u00c1i ch\u00e0, v\u1edbi b\u1ea1n th\u00ec c\u1ee9 nh\u01b0 b\u1ecb \u0111i \u0111\u00e0y, nh\u01b0ng Sven tr\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1edd ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng ra kh\u1ecfi Th\u1ee5y \u0110i\u1ec3n, m\u00e0 anh l\u1ea1i mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00ecn ng\u00f3 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi m\u1ed9t t\u00ed. N\u00f4m na l\u00e0 Sven kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd ch\u1ecbu ng\u1ed3i y\u00ean m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed7 \u2013 anh mu\u1ed1n \u0111i \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00f3 th\u1eadt nhi\u1ec1u. V\u00e0 r\u1ed3i v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1894, Sven l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t chuy\u1ebfn vi\u1ec5n du xa t\u00edt m\u00f9 kh\u01a1i, b\u0103ng qua sa m\u1ea1c Taklamakan \u0111\u00e1ng s\u1ee3. Chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i T\u1eed th\u1ea7n Khi tr\u1edf v\u1ec1, Sven nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 l\u1eddi m\u1eddi n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 chuy\u1ebfn v\u01b0\u1ee3t sa m\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta k\u00e9o \u0111\u1ebfn nghe \u0111\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 h\u1ed9i. \u00d4ng n\u00f3i hay \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghe c\u1ee9 t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u01b0 ch\u00ednh h\u1ecd c\u0169ng \u1edf \u0111\u00f3. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tham d\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng? 85","DI\u1ec4N \u0110\u00c0N L\u0102NG QU\u0102NG xin gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u... Nh\u00e0 th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m xu\u1ea5t ch\u00fang SVEN HEDIN H\u00e3y c\u00f9ng Sven trong \u201cCHUY\u1ebeN \u0110I T\u1eec TH\u1ea6N\u201d b\u00e0i di\u1ec5n thuy\u1ebft m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \t V\u00e9 b\u00e1n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y H\u1ebeT V\u00c9 Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u qu\u00fd kh\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng u\u1ed1ng nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1edbc bu\u1ed5i n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n Th\u01b0a c\u00e1c qu\u00fd \u00f4ng qu\u00fd b\u00e0... Ng\u00e0y m\u00f9ng 10 th\u00e1ng T\u01b0, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eeb th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n Merket n\u1eb1m ngay b\u00ean r\u00eca sa m\u1ea1c. Ph\u1ea3i m\u1ea5t m\u1ea5y tu\u1ea7n l\u1ec5 t\u00f4i m\u1edbi t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1m con l\u1ea1c \u0111\u00e0 kh\u1ecfe m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 b\u1ed1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00f4ng th\u1ea1o sa m\u1ea1c. D\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ra s\u1ee9c ng\u0103n ch\u00fang t\u00f4i. H\u1ecd s\u1ee3 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi\u201cT\u1eed \u0110\u1ecba\u201d. 86","K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i l\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng Khotan n\u1eb1m gi\u1eefa sa m\u1ea1c Taklamakan. \u0110o\u00e1n ch\u1eebng s\u1ebd m\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ng. Quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 ra. Ng\u00e0y qua ng\u00e0y, quang c\u1ea3nh c\u00e0ng hiu qu\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n. Xung quanh l\u1eb7ng ng\u1eaft nh\u01b0 t\u1edd, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfng chu\u00f4ng l\u1ea1c \u0111\u00e0 leng keng \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ec1u. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111ang ti\u1ebfn s\u00e2u v\u00e0o sa m\u1ea1c, s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng lui n\u1eefa. Sau m\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u00e0y r\u00f2ng, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i g\u1eb7p m\u1ed9t h\u1ed1 n\u01b0\u1edbc hi\u1ebfm hoi, xung quanh c\u1ecf c\u00e2y xanh ng\u1eaft. T\u00f4i ra l\u1ec7nh l\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ea7y n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o c\u00e1c b\u00ecnh, ch\u1eafc ch\u1ec9 b\u1ed1n ng\u00e0y n\u1eefa l\u00e0 t\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u00f4ng. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111i ti\u1ebfp v\u1ec1 h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u00f4ng. Gi\u1edd th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n to\u00e0n c\u00e1t l\u00e0 c\u00e1t, nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee5n c\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t cao nh\u01b0 n\u00fai, tr\u00f9ng tr\u00f9ng \u0111i\u1ec7p \u0111i\u1ec7p kh\u00f4ng d\u1ee9t. B\u1ea5t ng\u1edd m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadn b\u00e3o c\u00e1t kh\u1ee7ng khi\u1ebfp n\u1ed5i l\u00ean. C\u00e1t ch\u00edch v\u00e0o m\u1eaft, v\u00e0o mi\u1ec7ng, v\u00e0o m\u1eb7t m\u0169i qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o ch\u00fang t\u00f4i, ch\u1eb3ng ch\u1eeba ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o. SU\u1ef4T! T\u00d4I C\u0168NG T\u1eeaNG M\u1ed8T L\u1ea6N B\u1eca NH\u01af TH\u1ebe, TR\u00caN B\u00c3I BI\u1ec2N. 87","Gi\u1edd th\u00ec ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 vi\u1ec7c t\u1edbi con s\u00f4ng, nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 lo l\u1eafng.Theo suy t\u00ednh, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 n\u01b0\u1edbc cho \u00edt nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tu\u1ea7n l\u1ec5, \u0111\u00fang l\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 ngh\u0129 th\u1ebf.Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng khi ki\u1ec3m tra l\u1ea1i, t\u00f4i m\u1edbi h\u1ebft h\u1ed3n. M\u1ea5y anh ch\u00e0ng kia kh\u00f4ng l\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ea7y n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o c\u00e1c b\u00ecnh. Cho d\u00f9 c\u00f3 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ea5y th\u00ec ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ee7 n\u01b0\u1edbc cho hai ng\u00e0y th\u00f4i. Th\u1ebf l\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e0nh th\u1eed \u0111\u00e0o gi\u1ebfng, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1eb3ng thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t gi\u1ecdt n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0o. M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ebfng, kh\u1ecfi n\u00f3i h\u1eb3n t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u0169ng hi\u1ec3u. H\u1ecd l\u1ea7m b\u1ea7m ca th\u00e1n, th\u1ea7m tr\u00e1ch sa m\u1ea1c ch\u01a1i kh\u0103m ch\u00fang t\u00f4i.Tuy bi\u1ebft ch\u1eb3ng \u00edch g\u00ec nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd v\u1edbi h\u1ecd. Hai ng\u00e0y tr\u00f4i qua c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadn b\u00e3o c\u00e1t kh\u00e1c. Gi\u1ecdt n\u01b0\u1edbc cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ed1c c\u1ea1n. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00e1t ch\u00e1y h\u1ecdng, \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i \u0111\u00e0nh gi\u1ebft m\u1ea5y con g\u00e0 v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t con c\u1eebu \u0111\u1ec3 u\u1ed1ng m\u00e1u. Nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e2u.Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i u\u1ed1ng c\u1ea3 c\u1ed3n d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1t b\u1ebfp \u2013 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng kh\u00f4ng h\u1ebft kh\u00e1t m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0m ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu th\u00eam. L\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t t\u1eebng con l\u1ea1c \u0111\u00e0 g\u1ee5c xu\u1ed1ng ch\u1ebft, v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u0169ng v\u1eady. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i t\u00f4i v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u2013 anh ch\u00e0ng Kasim. C\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u00e3 ki\u1ec7t qu\u1ec7, ch\u1eafc kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ea5y h\u1ed3i. M\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y n\u1eefa tr\u00f4i qua, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i v\u1eeba l\u1ebft v\u1eeba b\u00f2 tr\u00ean c\u00e1t.V\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang v\u00e0o l\u00fac Kasim g\u1ee5c xu\u1ed1ng, \u0111i\u1ec1u k\u1ef3 di\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e3 t\u1edbi... 88","Sau \u0111\u1ee5n c\u00e1t ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc, t\u00f4i th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t h\u00e0ng c\u00e2y xanh ng\u1eaft. T\u00f4i d\u1ee5i m\u1eaft th\u1eadt l\u00e2u, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tin n\u1ed5i. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u00f4ng Khotan, v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua m\u1ecdi tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i tho\u00e1t r\u1ed3i! T\u00f4i g\u1ee5c m\u0103\u00eft xu\u1ed1ng d\u00f2ng n\u01b0\u1edbc, h\u1ed1i h\u1ea3 u\u1ed1ng cho t\u1edbi l\u00fac c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y kh\u1ecfe l\u1ea1i, r\u1ed3i l\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t \u00edt n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111em l\u1ea1i cho Kasim \u0111\u00e1ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng. Sau \u0111\u00f3 hai ch\u00fang t\u00f4i l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm s\u1ef1 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1. \u0110\u00fang l\u00e0 v\u1eadn may \u0111ang m\u1ec9m c\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1edbi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i. Ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m sau ch\u00fang t\u00f4i g\u1eb7p m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi du m\u1ee5c. H\u1ecd cho ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0103n \u1edf. B\u1ed1n ng\u00e0y sau, m\u1ed9t trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0 t\u00f4i t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n, c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t con l\u1ea1c \u0111\u00e0 c\u00f2n s\u00f3t l\u1ea1i. H\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c l\u1eef kh\u00e1ch t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y v\u00e0 c\u1ee9u s\u1ed1ng trong gang t\u1ea5c. C\u00f9ng nhau, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua sa m\u1ea1c kh\u1ee7ng khi\u1ebfp nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t Chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i T\u1eed th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1eaft. Th\u1eed th\u1ea7y ch\u00fat ch\u01a1i Th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 nghe c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Sven hay th\u1ea7y ng\u1ee7 kh\u00ec t\u1eeb l\u00fac n\u00e0o? H\u00e3y v\u1ed7 nh\u1eb9 v\u00e0o vai th\u1ea7y (nh\u1edb l\u00e0 th\u1eadt nh\u1eb9 \u0111\u1ea5y!) v\u00e0 h\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch quan t\u00e2m: TH\u01afA TH\u1ea6Y, TH\u1ea6Y NGH\u0128 TI\u1ebeP H\u1ea2, C\u00c1I G\u00cc? THEO S\u1ebc L\u00c0 G\u00cc \u1ea0? 89","Tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi: c) \u0110\u00fang th\u1ebf! Sven \u0111\u00e3 v\u1ebd ra h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh sa m\u1ea1c c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3C\u00f2n theo b\u1ea1n th\u00ec: kinh kh\u1ee7ng khi\u1ebfn cho th\u00ednh gi\u1ea3 kh\u00f4 h\u1ebft c\u1ea3 c\u1ed5. Sau khi \u00f4nga) Th\u00ednh gi\u1ea3 la \u00f3 ch\u1ebf gi\u1ec5u. k\u1ebft th\u00fac b\u00e0i n\u00f3i, h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ed5 x\u00f4 ra ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0 u\u1ed1ng l\u1ea5y u\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3.b) Th\u00ednh gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ee9ng c\u1ea3 d\u1eady hoan h\u00f4. c) Th\u00ednh gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed5 x\u00f4 ra ngo\u00e0i u\u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc. Th\u1eadt kh\u00f3 tin Sa m\u1ea1c n\u1eafng ch\u00e1y ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ea7y nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean. V\u00e0 nh\u00e0 th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m g\u1ed1c Hungary Mark Aurel Stein (1862-1943) \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn. Trong chuy\u1ebfn b\u0103ng qua sa m\u1ea1c Gobi n\u0103m 1907, \u00f4ng l\u1ea1c v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t hang \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed5 n\u00e1t. Tr\u00f4ng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i th\u00ec hang \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec th\u00fa v\u1ecb, nh\u01b0ng b\u00ean trong \u0111\u1ea7y tranh v\u1ebd, h\u00ecnh kh\u1eafc v\u00e0 ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a v\u00f4 gi\u00e1, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed kh\u00f4 rang c\u1ee7a sa m\u1ea1c. C\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y 900 n\u0103m, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 c\u01b0 ng\u1ee5 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1eef k\u00edn nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt qu\u00fd n\u00e0y. B\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 ch\u00e1n c\u00e1i n\u1eafng, c\u00e1i kh\u00e1t v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ee5n c\u00e1t ch\u1eadp tr\u00f9ng ch\u01b0a? \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1ed3i, th\u1ebf gian n\u00e0y c\u00f2n ch\u00e1n v\u1ea1n n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n chinh ph\u1ee5c c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec9nh cao, t\u1ea1i sao kh\u00f4ng th\u1eed v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec9nh n\u00fai ng\u00fat ng\u00e0n t\u1ea7ng m\u00e2y \u1edf ch\u01b0\u01a1ng sau? Ch\u00fang s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0a b\u1ea1n l\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh cao th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. 90","C\u00c1C NH\u00c0 LEO N\u00daI L\u1eaeC L\u1ebaO 91","Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 leo n\u00fai t\u1eeb \u0111\u1eddi n\u1ea3o \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0o r\u1ed3i. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i, c\u1ee9 c\u00f3 n\u00fai l\u00e0 c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi leo n\u00fai. Nh\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng leo l\u00ean n\u00fai \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u1eafm c\u1ea3nh. Leo n\u00fai c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ea7n v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua. C\u00e1c ng\u1ecdn n\u00fai th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eebng s\u1eefng ch\u1eafn ngang \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m. B\u1ea1n c\u00f2n nh\u1edb Marco Polo? \u00d4ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 leo n\u00fai. \u00d4ng ch\u1ec9 tr\u00e8o qua d\u00e3y Pamir hi\u1ec3m tr\u1edf \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. N\u00f3i th\u1ebf ch\u1ee9 nhi\u1ec1u khi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec9nh n\u00fai c\u0169ng c\u00f3 \u00edch ra ph\u1ebft. Popocatepetl (m\u1ed9t ng\u1ecdn n\u00fai l\u1eeda \u1edf M\u00eahic\u00f4) l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta tr\u00e8o l\u00ean v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 16. L\u00ednh T\u00e2y Ban Nha tr\u00e8o l\u00ean \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y l\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh* l\u00e0m thu\u1ed1c s\u00fang. *L\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh (sulphur) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong c\u00e1c kh\u00ed tho\u00e1t ra t\u1eeb n\u00fai l\u1eeda. Khi ngu\u1ed9i \u0111i, n\u00f3 k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c tinh th\u1ec3 m\u00e0u v\u00e0ng s\u00e1ng. Nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 18 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u leo n\u00fai \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c m\u1ea1nh. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec h\u1ecd ch\u1eb3ng th\u1ea5y \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u00fd th\u00fa \u1edf ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o. Henriette \u00e9p-ph\u00ea Con g\u00e1i th\u1eddi nay c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ecdi chuy\u1ec7n m\u00e0 con trai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e1 b\u00f3ng, \u0111ua xe hay \u0111\u1ea5u v\u1eadt. Nh\u01b0ng m\u00e0 v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XIX m\u1ecdi chuy\u1ec7n ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00e1c. Kh\u00e1c h\u1eb3n lu\u00f4n. Con g\u00e1i ph\u1ea3i ru r\u00fa trong nh\u00e0, l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c t\u1ebb ng\u1eaft nh\u01b0 th\u00eau th\u00f9a may v\u00e1 v\u00e0 qu\u00e9t d\u1ecdn nh\u00e0 c\u1eeda. Ch\u1eb3ng ai mong h\u1ecd leo tr\u00e8o l\u00ean nh\u1eefng v\u00e1ch n\u00fai d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ee9ng c\u1ea3. Ti\u1ebfc l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ai n\u00f3i \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 v\u1edbi Henriette d\u2019Angeville. 92","Ch\u00fa \u00fd! Ch\u00fa \u00fd! N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n leo l\u00ean m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec9nh n\u00fai v\u00e0 n\u1ed5i l\u00ean c\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f9ng kh\u1ee5c, kh\u00f4n h\u1ed3n th\u00ec leo xu\u1ed1ng ngay. TH\u1eacT NHANH. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 m\u1eafc b\u1ec7nh say n\u00fai r\u1ed3i \u0111\u00f3. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng c\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e2u. B\u1ea1n s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 b\u1ecb c\u00fam, \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111au nh\u01b0 b\u00faa b\u1ed5 v\u00e0 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c ho khan. C\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1eb1ng kh\u1eb7c l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng kh\u00e1c. N\u1ebfu may m\u1eafn th\u00ec b\u1ea1n ch\u1ec9 m\u1ec7t l\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00f4i. C\u00f2n kh\u00f4ng th\u00ec b\u1ea1n C\u1eacU C\u01af\u1edcI \u0110\u1ea4Y \u00c0? s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ee9t b\u00f3ng. Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee9ng say n\u00fai l\u00e0 do thi\u1ebfu \u00f4xy \u1edf tr\u00ean cao. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 leo n\u00fai tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y th\u01b0\u1eddng k\u1ebft t\u1ed9i cho \u0111\u00e1m ma n\u00fai, m\u00e0 theo h\u1ecd l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y nh\u00f3c tr\u00ean c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec9nh n\u00fai cao. Truy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 L\u1eef kh\u00e1ch Giang h\u1ed3 QU\u1ed0C T\u1ecaCH: PH\u00c1P Henriette ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ec1 quan t\u00e2m t\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t qu\u00fd c\u00f4. V\u00e0 c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng m\u00e0ng t\u1edbi chuy\u1ec7n may v\u00e1. Kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1. C\u00f4 h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 cao h\u01a1n k\u00eca: \u0110\u1ec9nh Mont Blanc trong d\u00e3y Alps. \u01af\u1edbc m\u01a1 c\u1ee7a Henriette l\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u1eb7t ch\u00e2n l\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh n\u00fai hi\u1ec3m tr\u1edf n\u00e0y, \u0111\u1ec9nh n\u00fai cao nh\u1ea5t ch\u00e2u \u00c2u v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 cao 4.807 m\u00e9t. Gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u00f4 h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c bu\u1ed3n phi\u1ec1n v\u00e0 t\u00ecm m\u1ecdi c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 can ng\u0103n. Nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd c\u00e0ng n\u00f3i gi\u1eddi n\u00f3i bi\u1ec3n g\u00ec \u0111i n\u1eefa th\u00ec quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m leo n\u00fai c\u1ee7a c\u00f4 c\u00e0ng m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n. 93","Cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi \u0111i m\u00e2y v\u1ec1 gi\u00f3 Henriette b\u1ecf ra nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e1ng tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch cho chuy\u1ebfn th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. V\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y 2 th\u00e1ng Ch\u00edn 1838, c\u00f4 l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng. May m\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh l\u1ec5 gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a c\u00f4 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft th\u1ee9 Henriette m\u1eb7c b\u00ean trong chi\u1ebfc v\u00e1y d\u00e0i. M\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc qu\u1ea7n ca-r\u00f4 m\u1edbi tinh. N\u1ebfu bi\u1ebft ch\u1eafc h\u1ecd s\u1ebd ng\u1ea5t x\u1ec9u. V\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 con g\u00e1i ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc v\u00e1y d\u00e0i d\u00e0y cui \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafn. Henriette thu\u00ea m\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh n\u00fai. H\u1ecd th\u1ea5y c\u00f4 c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 d\u0169ng c\u1ea3m (v\u1edbi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef th\u1ebf l\u00e0 d\u0169ng c\u1ea3m l\u1eafm r\u1ed3i). Ph\u1ea3i m\u1ea5t ba ng\u00e0y tr\u1eddi v\u1ea5t v\u1ea3, c\u00f4 m\u1edbi l\u00ean t\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec9nh n\u00fai. Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f4 c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i ng\u1ee7 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00eam trong hang \u0111\u00e1 l\u1ea1nh l\u1ebdo, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3 \u0103n hay ch\u0103n m\u00e0n g\u00ec h\u1ebft. T\u1eeb \u0111\u1ec9nh n\u00fai, c\u00f4 th\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t con b\u1ed3 c\u00e2u \u0111\u01b0a th\u01b0 th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o v\u1ec1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. V\u00e0 r\u1ed3i, thay v\u00ec c\u1ed1c tr\u00e0 n\u00f3ng ngon l\u00e0nh, c\u00f4 m\u1edf m\u1ed9t chai champagne l\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 tu m\u1ed9t h\u01a1i d\u00e0i. C\u00c1C \u00d4NG TH\u00cdCH \u01af\u1edaP L\u1ea0NH? T\u00d4I TH\u00cdCH \u01af\u1edaP L\u1ea0NH? H\u00c2M L\u00caN H\u01a0N! Th\u1eadt kh\u00f3 tin N\u00f3i cho ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c th\u00ec Henriette kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00ean t\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec9nh Mont Blanc. M\u00f4\u00eft ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, Maria Paradis, quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ki\u1ebfm \u00edt ti\u1ec1n n\u00ean d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t gian h\u00e0ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh n\u00fai \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e1n \u0111\u1ed3 \u0103n cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 leo n\u00fai. C\u00f4 ta ch\u1ec9 leo m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n, \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c k\u00e9o l\u00ean. \u00cdt ra th\u00ec Henriette c\u0169ng t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh leo t\u1eeb ch\u00e2n l\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh. 94","Nh\u1eefng ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef anh h\u00f9ng Chi\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a Henriette l\u00e0 tin t\u1ee9c t\u1ed1t l\u00e0nh cho n\u1eef gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef d\u0169ng c\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfp b\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f4. T\u1ea1i sao h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 can \u0111\u1ea3m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1i l\u1ea1nh c\u1eaft da c\u1eaft th\u1ecbt, tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng tr\u1eadn cu\u1ed3ng phong v\u1ea7n v\u0169? \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00f2n ch\u01b0a k\u1ec3 nh\u1eefng tr\u1eadn \u0111\u00e1 l\u1edf ch\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi? Ch\u00e0, h\u1ecfi hay l\u1eafm. Nh\u01b0ng d\u00f9 g\u00ec th\u00ec v\u1eabn t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n l\u00e0 may v\u00e1 hay n\u1ea5u c\u01a1m... Lucy Walker (1836-1916) sinh ra trong m\u1ed9t gia \u0111\u00ecnh leo n\u00fai. Cha v\u00e0 anh trai c\u00f4 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 leo n\u00fai h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 Lucy \u0111\u00e3 chinh ph\u1ee5c r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ec9nh n\u00fai c\u00f9ng h\u1ecd. Ng\u00e0y 20 th\u00e1ng B\u1ea3y 1871, Lucy can tr\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00ean t\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec9nh ng\u1ecdn n\u00fai hi\u1ec3m tr\u1edf Matterhorn trong d\u00e3y Alps. C\u00f4 \u0103n m\u1eebng chi\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng n\u00e0y v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t li champagne v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u00e1t b\u00e1nh x\u1ed1p. Annie Smith Peck (1850-1935) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 th\u00f4ng minh. Nh\u01b0ng v\u00e0o l\u00fac r\u1ed7i r\u00e3i b\u00e0 l\u1ea1i lao l\u00ean nh\u1eefng ng\u1ecdn n\u00fai. N\u0103m 1908, b\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean leo l\u00ean ng\u1ecdn Huascaran ng\u1ea5t ng\u01b0\u1edfng trong d\u00e3y Andes \u1edf Peru. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9 s\u00e1u c\u1ee7a Annie anh h\u00e0o, v\u00e0 b\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u201cm\u1ed9t c\u01a1n \u00e1c m\u1ed9ng kh\u1ee7ng khi\u1ebfp\u201d. Fanny Bullock Workman (1859-1925) l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u1ea5t m\u00ea xe \u0111\u1ea1p. N\u0103m 1898, b\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1p xe \u0111i chu du th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, t\u1edbi d\u00e3y Himalayas \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c1 v\u00e0 b\u1ecb ni\u1ec1m say m\u00ea leo n\u00fai \u0103n v\u00e0o m\u00e1u. S\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p leo n\u00fai c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec9nh v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1906, khi b\u00e0 l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec9nh Pinnacle c\u00f3 \u0111\u00f4\u00ef cao 95","6.930 m\u00e9t \u2013 k\u1ef7 l\u1ee5c th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i y\u1ebfu. Sau \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1912, b\u00e0 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh chinh ph\u1ee5c s\u00f4ng b\u0103ng Siachen \u0111\u00e1ng s\u1ee3, con s\u00f4ng b\u0103ng d\u00e0i nh\u1ea5t ch\u00e2u \u00c1. Nh\u1eefng tr\u1eadn cu\u1ed3ng phong su\u00fdt n\u1eefa \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ed5i bay l\u1ec1u c\u1ee7a b\u00e0, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec ng\u00e3 xu\u1ed1ng khe n\u1ee9t. Do nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn, th\u00f4ng tin t\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1o ch\u00ed \u0111\u00e3 th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o Fanny, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111\u00e3 thi\u1ec7t m\u1ea1ng. Elizabeth Burnaby (1861-1934) ph\u1ea3i \u0111i leo n\u00fai theo ch\u1ec9 l\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a b\u00e1c s\u0129. Kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed trong l\u00e0nh s\u1ebd t\u1ed1t cho c\u00f4, b\u00e1c s\u0129 n\u00f3i v\u1eady. Qu\u00fd b\u00e0 Liz m\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc v\u00e1y d\u00e0i th\u01b0\u1ee3t \u0111\u1ec3 leo n\u00fai, nh\u01b0ng b\u00ean trong m\u1eb7c qu\u1ea7n d\u00e0i. Khi leo \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 khu\u1ea5t, b\u00e0 c\u1edfi ph\u0103ng chi\u1ebfc v\u00e1y ra v\u00e0 gi\u1ea5u n\u00f3 d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e1. Gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c l\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e1m c\u01b0\u1edbi (b\u00e0 k\u1ebft h\u00f4n ba l\u1ea7n), b\u00e0 hai l\u1ea7n tr\u00e8o l\u00ean Mont Blanc v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch c\u00e2u l\u1ea1c b\u1ed9 leo n\u00fai ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 gian nan v\u1ea5t v\u1ea3, nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef gan d\u1ea1 n\u00e0y lu\u00f4n b\u1ecb n\u00fai non cu\u1ed1n h\u00fat. D\u00f9 \u0111\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111i n\u1eefa th\u00ec h\u1ecd v\u1eabn c\u1ee9 tr\u00e8o n\u00fai. Nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ecdi nh\u00e0 leo n\u00fai t\u00e0i danh \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u0103m nh\u0103m leo l\u00ean t\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec9nh. Manning c\u00e0m r\u00e0m N\u0103m 1811, nh\u00e0 th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m l\u1eadp d\u1ecb ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh Thomas Manning \u0111\u00e3 t\u1edbi Lhasa, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 b\u00ed \u1ea9n n\u1eb1m t\u00edt tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ph\u1ea3i 96","c\u1ea3i trang nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng v\u1eabn ph\u1ea3i lu\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi m\u1ea1o hi\u1ec3m. Th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3, th\u00e0nh Lhasa ng\u1ea5t ng\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ea5m c\u1eeda m\u1ecdi du kh\u00e1ch. N\u1ebfu Manning b\u1ecb ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n, ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn \u00f4ng s\u1ebd ti\u00eau \u0111\u1eddi. \u00d4ng s\u1ebd c\u1ea3m \u01a1n h\u1ed3ng ph\u00fac c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh? Hay \u00f4ng ch\u1eedi r\u1ee7a? \u00d4ng c\u00f2n b\u1eadn than van c\u00e0m r\u00e0m. Truy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 L\u1eef kh\u00e1ch Giang h\u1ed3 QU\u1ed0C T\u1ecaCH: SAO C\u1eacU V\u00c0O \u0110\u01af\u1ee2C TR\u01af\u1edcNG N\u00c0Y? ANH EM \u0110I QUA C\u1eecA! Ch\u00e0ng trai Thomas h\u1ecdc m\u00f4n g\u00ec c\u0169ng si\u00eau. Anh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u01b0u c\u00e1c m\u00f4n ti\u1ebfng La Tinh, ti\u1ebfng Hy L\u1ea1p v\u00e0 to\u00e1n, theo h\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfng T\u00e0u t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Cambridge. Th\u00f4ng minh \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf l\u00e0 c\u00f9ng. Nh\u01b0ng Tom kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i anh ch\u00e0ng n\u1ecbnh n\u1ecdt lu\u00f4n t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch l\u1ea5y l\u00f2ng c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y c\u00f4 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m cao. Anh ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng l\u00e0m chuy\u1ec7n g\u00ec nguy h\u1ea1i v\u00e0 lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u \u0111\u00f9a t\u1ebfu t\u00e1o. L\u0103ng qu\u0103ng t\u1edbi Trung Qu\u1ed1c Manning r\u1ea5t mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ebfn Trung Qu\u1ed1c coi m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i. R\u1eafc r\u1ed1i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t ch\u00e2n t\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y, v\u00ec th\u1ebf anh c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t l\u00fd do ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng. \u0110o\u00e1n th\u1eed xem anh ch\u00e0ng l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? Tom lao v\u00e0o h\u1ecdc y khoa \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh b\u00e1c s\u0129. (B\u00e1c s\u0129 v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc r\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ecdng v\u1ecdng \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c). Anh c\u0169ng m\u1eb7c \u00e1o ch\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00e0u 97","v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 r\u00e2u d\u00e0i. Tom n\u00f3i b\u1ed9 r\u00e2u l\u00e0m anh tr\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u1ebb t\u00e1o t\u1ee3n, nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea1n b\u00e8 ch\u1ec9 c\u01b0\u1eddi ru\u1ed3i. Ban \u0111\u1ea7u Manning \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1edbi Trung Qu\u1ed1c b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3n, nh\u01b0ng con t\u00e0u c\u1ee7a anh b\u1ecb bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i. Th\u1ebf l\u00e0 anh quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111i theo c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, v\u00f2ng v\u00e8o v\u00e0 m\u1ea1o hi\u1ec3m h\u01a1n. Anh kh\u1edfi h\u00e0nh t\u1eeb \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00ean T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng r\u1ed3i sau \u0111\u00f3 t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch v\u00e0o Trung Qu\u1ed1c. Th\u00f4ng minh kh\u00f4ng? Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n nho nh\u1ecf trong k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch t\u1ec9 m\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a Manning. Anh ch\u00e0ng ch\u1ea3 c\u00f3 ch\u00fat can \u0111\u1ea3m n\u00e0o. M\u1ed9t ch\u00fat x\u00edu c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3. Th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ea5y, khao kh\u00e1t \u0111\u1ebfn Trung Qu\u1ed1c, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n ph\u1ea3i cu\u1ed1c b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 anh ch\u00e0ng su\u1ed1t ng\u00e0y than v\u00e3n v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3! Sau \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec Manning t\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i trong th\u01b0 g\u1eedi b\u1ea1n. H\u00e8 1811 Calcutta, \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 Charles, b\u1ea1n th\u00e2n m\u1ebfn. nnnc5sTgg\u00e0h\u1ebd.\u1edb0ahy\u01b0dy0eavc\u1eab0\u1eeb?klh\u1eddnaTh\u1eb3ciitn\u1edb\u00e2mc\u1edbcgy\u1eadip\u1edb\u00f3\u0111uisrhta\u00e2\u1ed1r\u1ea3hm\u1eddui\u1ec3nl\u00e0i\u00e0.n\u1eefC(Nm\u00f3n\u1edfaia\u1ebf,\u1ebfnstulChucah\u00f4un\u00e0ohtithhathcl\u01b0ua\u00e0r\u1ebf\u01a1\u1eadl,etttcn\u1edb.c\u1edbsT\u00f3hlc\u1ea1s\u1ee3\u1ea1\u1ee9t\u00f2\u1ebd,ir?i,n\u1eddcsttTui\u1edb\u1edbsa\u1edbm\u1ed9i\u1ed1o\u0111Tcns,\u1edborg\u1ebdtit\u00e1u\u1ea1hbtnnci\u00e1\u1edbig\u1ed1\u1ebfsmciatlhvQ\u00farohi\u1ec9\u1ebf\u1ed3ciuct\u1ec3ti\u1edb\u1ed1\u0111\u00f2mmccn\u00f3lh\u1ea1\u1ecd.)kok.Tiihhckuc\u1ec9ohhy\u1eadg\u1ea3u\u00f4\u1ec7uinyn\u00f3tg\u1ec7gn Nh\u1edb c\u1eadu nhi\u1ec1u. Tom T.B. B\u1ed9 r\u00e2u c\u1ee7a t\u1edb b\u00e2y gi\u1edd \u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u1eafm. N\u00f3 d\u00e0i t\u1edbi g\u1ed1i r\u1ed3i. 98"]