Social Studies Book 3_2077 Edition

Approved by the Government of Nepal, Ministry of Education Curriculum Development Centre (CDC), Sanothimi, Bhaktapur, Nepal. SoNew cial Studies wi th C R E A ART TI VE Revised Edition 3Book Authors Kiran Thapa Yojana Karmacharya This book belongs to: Name : Class : Roll No.: School: Phone No.:

Published by TU Road, Kuleshwor, Kathmandu, Nepal. Phone: 4672071, 5187211, 5187226 Fax: 00977-1-4672073 E-mail: [email protected] www.readmorenp.com © Copyright: Publisher 2073 BS First Edition : 2069 BS Revised Edition : 2072 BS Reprint : 2073 BS Reprint : 2074 BS Revised Edition : 2075 BS Reprint : 2076 BS Revised Edition : 2077 BS No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted by any means, electronic, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Any breach of this condition will entail legal action and prosecution. Content Editors Special thanks to: Matrika Pd. Lamsal Ellen Dietrich Vani Rana Ashish Pradhan In the Loving Memory of Late Amir Kumar Batajoo. Layout Readmore Desktop Printed in Nepal You can exchange this book from your nearest book shop if any binding errors are found. Read to help others read ! We are pleased to inform that a certain amount from each book is allocated to the Charity Fund. The fund is provided to deserving and needy students all over Nepal. The charity always welcomes co-operation and support from all well wishers and agencies.

About the book ’s New Social Studies book is an appropriately graded series of social studies for school children. The primary level series consists of six books suitable for classes UKG to V. This series is prepared especially for the students between five to eleven years of age. It is an appropriately planned series that fulfills the needs of students and teachers and meets the changing situations of our country and the world. Salient features of the book: v The entire curriculum has been divided into seven units as specified by the Curriculum Development Centre, Government of Nepal. Similarly the second phase of the book has creative art. This lesson helps students develop various skills and creativity. For the convenience of the teachers, Audio-Visual materials are provided with the book. It is a very new trend in the field of education in Nepal. v The objectives of the lessons given at the beginning of each lesson enable teachers to clearly understand the theme of the lesson and plan accordingly. v The note to the teacher is placed at the bottom of each lesson with guidelines and some useful tips for teachers about presenting the lesson in a useful and meaningful way. v Lessons in Grade one and two have been presented in a two-page-format. The page with the content of the lesson is on the left and the page with the evaluation exercises is on the right side. v Evaluation exercises are presented in such a way; so that the students solve the problems by themselves. This also gives an idea to the teachers to understand whether students have grasped the theme of the lesson or not. There are textual questions in which the students read the text and solve the problems. v The content of the lessons are written in simple language with colourful illustrations. Social, ethnic, geographical diversities and gender equality are given special attention. v To make the text more interesting for students, the lessons contain various reading materials such as stories, dialogues, letters, etc. v At the end of every unit, one fun exercise is given. v At the end of each unit, a list of glossary and revision exercises are given for each respective unit. We would like to express our sincere thanks to the principals and teachers who have recommended ’s New Social Studies book to their students and schools. We are confident that these books will meet the objectives set forth by CDC/ Government of Nepal. We highly appreciate the opinion and constructive suggestions from the teachers and intellectuals. - Authors

Table of Contents Unit 1My Family, My Neighbours UnitOur5Earth 68 and Me 71 1. About My Village 74 1. Me And My Family 6 2. My Surroundings 77 2. Help In The Family 9 3. Our Way Of Living 80 3. Help Your Neighbour 12 4. Four Directions 83 4. Use And Care 15 5. Drawing Symbol Is Fun Let’s Revise 18 Let’s Revise Unit 2Our Traditions, Social Values UnitOur6Past and Norms 1. Me And My Friends 85 1. Good Behaviour 20 2. The Brave Warriors Of 88 2. A Stranger At My Door 23 Our Country 92 3. Lessons From Our Past 95 3. My Neighbourhood 25 Let’s Revise 4. Our Festivals 28 5. Good People 31 Unit 7Economic Activities Let’s Revise 34 1. Our Professions 2. Friend’s Advice Unit 3Social Problems And 3. Use Of Local Products 97 Solutions Let’s Revise 100 103 1. Hold Our Hands 36 106 2. Offering Help 39 3. Avoid Bad Customs 42 Let’s Stop and Think 107 Let’s Revise 45 Unit 4Civic Awareness CREATIVE ART 110/111 112 1. Helpful Stranger 47 1. Paper Folding (A & B) 113 2. Object Printing 114 2. A Kind Girl 50 3. Vegetable Printing 115 4. Spray Printing 116 3. Our Natural Resources 53 5. Music 117 6. Paper Collage 118 4. Follow The Public Rules 57 7. Clay Work 119 8. Poses Of The Hand 5. Rights Of Children 60 9. Children Songs 6. My Ward And Its Functions 63 Let’s Revise 66

1Unit MY FAMILY, MY NEIGHBOURS AND ME Me and My family Help in the Family Help Your Neighbour Use and Care

LESSON ME AND MY FAMILY 1 Objectives : After the completion of this lesson, students will be able to: n tell their date of birth and age. n tell the age of their family members. Hi! I am Manan Thapa. I study in class three. I live at Bhaisepati, Lalitpur with my family. Yesterday, i.e., 13th of Bisakha, was my birthday. I am eight year old now. Yesterday my parents had organized a birthday party for me. Everyone came for the party. We took a family photograph. This is my family photograph. My grandfather and grandmother are at the center of the group. My grandfather, Mr. Tul Bahadur Thapa is sixty-nine year old. He is a retired army man. My grandmother, Mrs. Narmaya Thapa is sixty- five year old. She is a housewife. 6 Social Studies - Book 3

Besides my grandfather, my father is standing with my sister. My father, Mr. Madhusudan Thapa is thirty-seven year old. He works in a government office. Next to him is my mother, Kajal Thapa. She is thirty-two year old. She works in a private bank. My sister, Noori is younger than me. She is only twenty months old. She does not go to school yet. Besides my grandmother, my aunty is standing with my uncle. She is my father’s elder sister. Her name is Kusum Rana. She is thirty-nine year old. She works in a school as an English teacher. Her husband, Mr. Chandra Rana is a civil engineer in a government office. He is forty year old. Behind my grandparents, my youngest uncle and aunty are standing. My uncle, Mr. Durga Thapa is thirty-two year old. His wife, Mrs. Kumud Thapa is twenty-nine year old. They both are doctors and work in a hospital. In front of my grandparents I, along with my cousin, am sitting on the floor. I am at the center. On my right is my elder cousin, Sujal Rana. He is twelve year old. He studies in class seven. On my left is my other cousin, Lali Rana. She is as old as I am. She too studies in class three. GLOSSARY Cousin : a child of your uncle or aunt Organized : arrange Retired : not working anymore Note to the Teacher: Ask the students to write their own and their family members’ ages and discuss in class. With the help of a calender ask the students to find out the month, date and day they were born. Social Studies - Book 3 7

Evaluation Exercises 1 Answer the following: a. What is your date of birth? b. Who is the eldest member in your family? c. Who is the youngest member in your family? 2 Complete the table with the date of birth of your family members. (Take the help from your elder.) Family members Month Year Day Grandfather Grandmother Father Mother Brother Sister 3 Write the name of four of your friends and their ages. Name of friends Age 4 Read the lesson and answer. a. Who is the eldest and youngest member in Manan’s family? b. How many children do Manan’s grandparents have? c. How many grandchildren do Manan’s grandparents have? Project Work Paste your family photograph in your copy. Then write few sentences on each of them. 8 Social Studies - Book 3

LESSON HELP IN THE FAMILY 2 Objectives : After the completion of this lesson, students will be able to: n help their family member according to their capability. I am Lali Rana. I am eight years old. I study in class three at Shivpuri Secondary School. Every morning I wake up at 6 o’clock. After brushing my teeth, I go to the kitchen to help my mother. I usually serve tea to my grandparents in their room. They both are old so they need our help and care. I also drink my milk with them in their room. They have taught me many good habits. Then me and my brother Sujal go to the garden to help our father. Together we water the plants and pluck fresh vegetables from the garden. Afterwards, Sujal dai and I go to our room to study. He always helps me in my study, and he also helps me in organizing my bed and cupboard. I also help him by fetching his books, pens etc for him. Social Studies - Book 3 9

We help each other while getting ready for school. I fill both our water bottles and place our tiffin box in our bags. He polishes our shoes and prepares our uniforms. Sujal dai often helps our mother in the kitchen. He washes dishes and cut vegetables if he doesn’t have much homeworks to do. Every morning he goes to grocery shop to buy things like biscuits, milk and bread for us. He even brings newspaper for my grandfather to read. Helping each other helps us to finish our work easily on time. Everyone shares the works in the family. It lessens our parents’ and seniors’ responsibility towards us and our family. We both enjoy helping our family members. Helping our family members as per our capability makes us responsible and obedient. It also helps us to learn how a thing is done. The skills that we learn now will be helpful for us in our future. This will make our life easier and comfortable in the future. We should, therefore, help our family members in our own possible ways. GLOSSARY As per : in accordance with Capability : the ability or quality necessary to do something Lessen : decrease Pluck : to pick fruit, vegetable etc from where it is growing Serve : to give somebody food or drink Uniforms : the special set of clothes worn by all members of an organization Note to the Teacher: Discuss with the students about the work done by their family inside and outside the home. Exhibit the list of works and discuss in class. Ask the students to do a role play of doing different types of work. 10 Social Studies - Book 3

Evaluation Exercises 1 Look at the picture and write ‘I can do’ and ‘I cannot do’. a. ............................. b. ........................... c. ........................... 2 Write the works that you do for your parents and friends. Inside the home Outside the home 3 What will you do if: a. somebody left the tap open? b. someone knocks at your door? c. your brother is feeling thirsty? d. the light of a room is on and no one is inside? e. the telephone rings and no one is around? 4 Read the lesson and answer. a. How does Lali help her family members? b. How does Sujal help his family members? c. Why should we help our family members? d. Are you as responsible as Lali and Sujal? How? Project Work Ask your best friend how they help their parents, brother/sister and friends. Make a list and then present it in the class. Social Studies - Book 3 11

LESSON HELP YOUR NEIGHBOUR 3 Objectives : After the completion of this lesson, students will be able to: n help their neighbours in time of need. My name is Dipu. I live in Rajbiraj. One day, my friends and I were playing football on the playground. We saw some people running towards Bhola uncle’s house. We heard people screaming for help. We also ran towards the house. We saw Bhola uncle’s house on fire. Thankfully, Bhola uncle and his family were safe. The villagers had gathered and were trying to put out the fire. We saw some empty buckets on the field. We hurriedly picked the buckets and ran towards the river to fill them. We gave the buckets of water to our elders. Some people were also running with sand to put out the fire. Finally the villagers were successful. Then the villagers swept the whole area to make it clean. We helped them to collect the ashes and throw them in the proper place. 12 Social Studies - Book 3

My mother made some tea for Bhola uncle and his family. I served it to them. They were very scared and worried. All the villagers promised to help them rebuild their house. After few months their new house was built. Everybody from the village helped them to make it happen. Today, Bhola uncle and his family are very happy. The villagers have shown a good example of a helpful neighbourhood. When you live in a community you should always be ready to help others. That way you will also be helped in time of emergencies. GLOSSARY Ashes : powdery substance left after burning something Empty : containing nothing Rebuild : build something again Scared : frightened Screaming : loud cry Swept : clean by brushing away dust Worried : feel troubled Note to the Teacher: Ask the students to make a list of the work done by their neighbours. Discuss with them how they help their neighbours in time of need and emergency. Tell any story in which the neighbours help each other in time of need. Social Studies - Book 3 13

Evaluation Exercises 1 Draw a smiley “J” for right and grumpy “L” for wrong statement. a. We should keep our neighbourhood clean. b. We should always fight with our neighbour. c. We should not help our neighbour in time of need. d. We should call the ambulance if someone gets sick in our neighbourhood. 2 How can we help our neighbour in the following conditions? a. If someone gets sick. b. Fire breaks out in the neighbourhood. c. A thief steals money and valuables in the neighbourhood. d. Functions and ceremony take place in the village. e. Celebrating festivals in the neighbourhood. 3 Read the lesson and answer. a. What happened to Bhola uncle’s house? b. What promise did the villagers make to Bhola uncle? c. Why did Bhola uncle and his family become happy? Project Work Tell your class an incident where you helped our neighbours in their need. 14 Social Studies - Book 3

LESSON USE AND CARE 4 Objectives : After the completion of this lesson, students will be able to: n name the household goods. n keep them safe in their proper places. (In the classroom of class three) Teacher : Today, we are going to play a new game called ‘Think Fast’. What comes to your mind when I say “things in the kitchen”? Anvesh : Sir, I think of utensils, plates, glasses, spoons, pressure cooker and rice cooker. Teacher : Ok, Anvesh. Can you tell me their use and how to take care of them? Anvesh : Utensils are used for cooking food. We use plates to eat food on them and glasses to drink water from. They should be washed properly with soap and clean water. They should be kept in the kitchen shelves. Teacher : Good! Now Pragya it’s your turn. “Things in the bedroom”. Pragya : I think of bed, cupboard, study table and chair. Teacher : Now tell us their use and proper care. Pragya : Beds are used for sleeping. They should be covered with a clean bed sheet. We should not jump or eat on the bed. Tables are used for writing and chairs for sitting. We should Social Studies - Book 3 15

not spill ink on the table and chair. It should be wiped from time to time to keep it clean. Teacher : Very good! Now Namgel you tell us about “Things in the farm”. Namgel : I think of Hansiya, Kuto, Kodalo. These tools can be very dangerous so they should be kept in a safe place. These things need to be sharpened from time to time. Proper care should be taken while using them. If we use them carelessly then we might cut our hands and legs. These should be kept away from children. Teacher : All of you have played the game very well. Now we know the different kinds of household things, their uses and ways to take care of them. GLOSSARY Dangerous : able to cause harm Household goods : things used at home Sharpened : make sharp Spill : allow liquid to flow from its container Utensils : dishes used for cooking Wiped : clean by rubbing with a cloth Note to the Teacher: Ask the students to tell the name of household goods in their home. Show the picture of different things and discuss the ways to take care of them. 16 Social Studies - Book 3

Evaluation Exercises 1 Look at the pictures and write what they are used for? 2 What are the proper places for the following things? Match them. Books/copies Dustbin Utensils Cupboard Bed School bag Litter Bedroom Clothes Kitchen 3 What things do you use to: a. clean your hands and take bath? .......................................... b. comb your hair? .................................................................... c. brush your teeth? .................................................................. d. clean your room? ................................................................. 4 List any four tools that are dangerous for you? Example: Knife a. ............................................... b. ............................................ c. ............................................... d. ............................................ 5 How do you take care of the things: a. in the kitchen? ...................................................................... b. in the bedroom? ................................................................... c. that are dangerous for us? .................................................... Project Work Play game “Think fast” with your classmates to learn more about the household goods. Social Studies - Book 3 17

Let’s Revise 1 Write five sentences about the family shown in the given picture. 2 a. Name these household goods. ............................... .............................. .............................. ............................... .............................. .............................. b. How would you take care of each of these household goods? 18 Social Studies - Book 3

2Unit OUR TRADITIONS, SOCIAL VALUES AND NORMS Good Behaviour A Stranger at My Door My Neighbourhood Our Festivals Good People Social Studies - Book 3 19

LESSON GOOD BEHAVIOUR 1 Objectives : After the completion of this lesson, students will be able to: n welcome the guests politely and respectfully. Today is Dashain. Asha is very excited. Her relatives are coming for tika at her home. (Some relatives have arrived.) Asha: Namaste, kaka and kaki. Happy Bijaya Dashami! It is so nice to see you. How was your journey? Kaka: The journey was quite long. We are so tired. Asha: Oh, please come in. First, I will get something for you to drink and eat, and then you can rest for a while. Kaki: Thank you, Asha, but we haven’t seen your parents since we have arrived. Where are they? 20 Social Studies - Book 3

Asha: They are upstairs preparing selroti. Please be seated, kaka and kaki. (Door bells rings) I think didi and bhinaju have arrived. I will be back soon. Didi: Hello, Asha! We are here. Asha: Hi, didi. Namaste bhinaju. Please come in and be seated. Didi: Who else has arrived? Asha: Kaka and kaki arrived a while ago. They are taking rest in the other room. I will get some tea and snacks for them. Would you like to have a cup of tea too? Bhinaju: Oh, sure! A cup of tea would be nice. Thank you, Asha. You have become a very responsible girl. Father: Oh, hello everybody. You all are just in time for tika. It is so nice to be together on this special day. Please be comfortable. Asha, did you offer them anything to eat? Kaki: Yes, she did. She really took good care of us. We really enjoyed her company. Thank you, Asha. GLOSSARY Arrived : to reach a place Company : to be with someone for friendship and enjoyment Journey : a trip Relatives : people who are related to one another Upstairs : upper floor Note to the Teacher: Ask the students individually how they welcome the guest in their home according to their culture. Discuss with them the respectful words they use with their guest. Ask them to do a role play in the class. Social Studies - Book 3 21

Evaluation Exercises 1 Think and write. a. What will you do if any of your relatives come to your house? ............................................................................................... b. Write any four respectful words you use when a guest comes to your house? i. ............................................. ii. .............................................. iii. ............................................. iv. .............................................. 2 What do you call the following people of your neighbourhood? a. An old man who is 80 years old, ........................................... b. A girl who is about five years older than you, ....................... c. An old woman who is 75 years old, ...................................... d. A lady who is about the age of your mother, ........................ e. A boy younger than you, ....................................................... f. Wife of your uncle, ................................................................ 3 Read the lesson and answer. a. Who has arrived at Asha’s house? b. Why did Asha’s relatives come to her house? c. Why did Asha’s aunt thank her? Project Work How do you welcome the guest in your home? Show this by acting it out in class with the help of your classmate. 22 Social Studies - Book 3

LESSON A STRANGER AT MY DOOR 2 Objectives : After the completion of this lesson, students will be able to: n welcome the strangers in the absence of their parents. n behave respectfully towards the strangers. A STRANGER AT MY DOOR Someone knocks at the door. Who can it be. Let’s see for sure. A man enters. I don’t know him. He is tall, smart and very slim. I am sorry sir. I don’t know you. Can you please give me a clue? My name is Nabin. Your dad’s old friend. I always remember the days we spent. Namaste, Uncle. Please come in. May I ask how have you been? I have been good and I am impressed. You are polite, and your manners are the best. Thank you, uncle for liking me. My dad’s home. He is happy I can see. Nabin, my friend, glad to see you. Stay for dinner, and we will talk, too. Note to the Teacher: Interact with the students, find out how they behave or welcome the unknown guest in their home. Tell them to show by acting in the class. Social Studies - Book 3 23

GLOSSARY Clue : a piece of information Impressed : have a strong, good effect on somebody Knocks : short sound caused by a blow on a door to attract attention Smart : clean, tidy and well dressed Slim : a thin person Evaluation Exercises Think and write. 1 What will you do if a stranger comes to your house? ..................................................................................................... 2 Have you ever met any stranger at your home? Whom did you meet, and what did you do? ..................................................................................................... 3 Read the poem carefully and answer. a. What did the girl say to the stranger? ............................................................................................... b. Who was the stranger? ............................................................................................... c. What was the name of the stranger? ............................................................................................... d. How did the stranger appreciate the girl? ............................................................................................... Project Work Act out the lesson at your school premises for your school friends. 24 Social Studies - Book 3

LESSON MY NEIGHBOURHOOD 3 Objectives : After the completion of this lesson, students will be able to: n name the different languages spoken in their village/tole. n identify customs and traditions of various castes living in their neighbourhood. My name is Shambhu Shrestha. I live with my family at Palpa. Most of the people in my neighbourhood produce handicrafts, traditional metal works and clothes made from Dhaka. Dhaka is a cloth used to make daura-suruwal and topi. There are Newar, Magar, Chettri, Brahmin, Gurung, Tamang, Limbu, etc in my neighbourhood. They all come from different caste, but they all live together peacefully. They have their own traditions, customs and languages. Some of the languages spoken in my neighbourhood are Magar, Newari, etc. Nepali is spoken as the common language in the village. All the castes celebrate rituals like Nwaran (naming ceremony), Pasni (rice feeding ceremony), Bratabandha and wedding. They celebrate these functions according to their own culture. The people of my neighbourhood organize fairs like Ridi mela on Maghe Sankranti day, Satyavati mela, Parvas mela on Shiva Ratri, Social Studies - Book 3 25

Lalpati mela on the occasion of Holi festival, Rambha Pani mela and many more. They also celebrate festivals like Gai Jatra, Ropai Jatra, Bhagwati Sindur Jatra, Khat Jatra etc. The Brahmin men wear daura-suruwal and dhaka topi. The women wear Sari, blouse and Pachyaura (Shawl). They wear ornaments like phuli on the left nostril and pote with tilahari. I belong to Newar community. We celebrate Belbibaha (ihi). It is the custom of getting our daughters married to bel fruit, which is a symbol of Lord Vishnu. The young girls are dressed up as brides. They wear red sari, taas ko cholo and ghumto. We all live happily together. We help and respect each other in my neighbourhood. GLOSSARY Brides : a woman who is getting married Handicrafts : making things by hand Nostril : one of the openings in the nose through which one breathes Phuli : a piece of jewelry worn on the nose by women Pote : traditional Nepali necklace Rituals : a religious ceremony Note to the Teacher: Show the pictures of people of different races wearing their traditional clothes. Let the students name those dresses of different ethnic communities. Tell them to ask their guardians about the social behaviours and practices of their neighbours and discuss in class. 26 Social Studies - Book 3

Evaluation Exercises 1 Which language is commonly spoken in your neighbourhood? 2 What other languages are spoken in your neighbourhood? 3 Which race do you belong to? 4 What festivals or rituals are performed at your home? Mention any four of them. 5 Name the people of different races living in your community. 6 Name any one festival, Jatra or fair (Mela) celebrated at your neighbourhood. Festival Jatra Mela 7 Read the lesson and answer. a. Where does Shambhu live? b. Name the Melas organized in Palpa. c. Name the common rituals celebrated by everyone in Palpa. Project Work Collect information about the festivals, costumes, languages, rituals of different castes living in your neighbourhood and share it in your class. Social Studies - Book 3 27

LESSON OUR FESTIVALS 4 Objectives : After the completion of this lesson, students will be able to: n name the different festivals. n be involved in different festivals observed in their community. Hi! I am Reena. I follow Hinduism. My family and I celebrate Dashain and Tihar. During Dashain we receive tikas and blessings from our elders. People enjoy playing rote-ping, linge-ping and flying kites during Dashain. We celebrate Tihar for five days. It is the festival of lights. We worship the goddess Laxmi. The last day of Tihar is bhaitika. On this day sisters put tika on their brother’s forehead. People enjoy playing deusi-bhailo during Tihar. I am Joel. I follow Christianity. I celebrate Christmas on the 25th of December. On Christmas day we go to church to pray. We decorate the Christmas tree with lights, ornaments, candy canes and so on. We wish each other “Merry Christmas”. We also exchange gifts with each other and sing Christmas carols. We believe that Santa Claus comes and surprises us with gifts. I am Salim. I follow Islam. We celebrate Eid. On this day we give alms to the poor and needy. We wear new clothes to go to the mosque to pray in the morning. We read Namaj there. We greet each other by hugging and saying “Eid Mubarak”. We eat sewai and other delicious food on that day. I am Jaspal. I follow Sikhism. We celebrate Guru Nanak Jayanti. It is the birth anniversary of Sikhism’s founder, Guru Nanak. On this 28 Social Studies - Book 3

day we go to gurudwara and sing kirtan. We eat together at langar. This is served to everyone and anyone who comes to the gurudwara irrespective of their caste or religion. I am Tara. I follow Buddhism. We celebrate Buddha Jayanti to mark the birth of Gautam Buddha on this day. We go to monastery to pray and make offerings of lights, flowers, fruits etc. We also decorate our house and prepare delicious dishes to be enjoyed with our loved ones. I am Rabin. I belong to Gurung community. We celebrate Tamu Lhosar. It is our new year. It is celebrated on the 15th of Poush. During this festival we visit the monastery to worship Lord Buddha. We exchange good wishes with our relatives, friends and neighbours. We enjoy feasting, dancing and singing on that day. I am Kalpana. I am from Mithila. Here we celebrate Chhath for the period of four days. People take holy bath and women fast during this festival. Devotees offer their prayers and argha to the rising and setting sun. GLOSSARY Argha : water offered to God/Goddess with respect Blessings : God’s favour and protection Devotees : strong believers of God Feasting : having a large meal Irrespective of : without thinking about Langar : community feast Mark : celebrate an important event Ornaments : things worn to make us look beautiful Worship : show respect to God Note to the Teacher: Let the students tell the names of various types of festivals they and their neighbours celebrate. Discuss how they celebrate their festivals and whom do they invite. Social Studies - Book 3 29

Evaluation Exercises 1 Match the following: Eid Monastery Guru Nanak Jayanti Church Buddha Jayanti Gurudwara Christmas Mosque 2 When do people celebrate the following festivals? Look at the calender and write in the given space. Festivals Month Day Dashain Eid Christmas Chhath Buddha Purnima Lhosar Udhauli-Ubhauli 3 How do people celebrate the following festivals? a. Dashain: ................................................................................ b. Lhosar: .................................................................................. c. Chhath: ................................................................................. d. Christmas: ............................................................................. e. Gaijatra: ................................................................................ f. Eid: ........................................................................................ 4 Name any four festivals you observe at your home. a. ............................................ b. ............................................ c. ............................................ d. ............................................ Project Work You might have taken part in any festival or rituals recently. Paste your photos of celebration on chart paper and display it in your class for your classmates to observe the rituals in detail. 30 Social Studies - Book 3

LESSON GOOD PEOPLE 5 Objectives : After the completion of this lesson, students will be able to: n identify the people who have done good work in their rural municipality/municipality. n respect and help such people. My name is Sujata. I study in class three. There are many public properties like school, temple, health post, police station, forest and taps in my neighbourhood. We need to take proper care of these things. There are many people who help in taking care of public properties. Mangal Das kaka lives in our neighbourhood. He is a very responsible man. He encourages people to take care of the public properties. Last month the village temple was struck by lightning. Some parts of the temple were damaged. He collected funds to renovate the temple. Now the temple is as good as new. Everybody loves and respects him for his work. He encourages people to keep the village clean. Every Saturday he organizes a cleaning programme where one member from each household participates. He also helped the villagers in the construction of a canal in a nearby river so they could irrigate their fields. Social Studies - Book 3 31

Sanu Maya didi is the principal of the school in our village. She has made everybody aware of the importance of education. So the villagers are eager to send their children to school. Now the school needs more room for all the students. Sanu Maya didi requested the villagers to help her in renovating and expanding the school. All the villagers agreed and helped her build new rooms for the school. Sanu Maya didi also organizes classes for the aged people of the village. These classes have helped to educate the older people as well. People like Mangal Das kaka and Sanu Maya didi have helped develop our village. We should always respect people like them. GLOSSARY Aware : having knowledge or knowing something Construction : to build houses, temples, etc Canal : artificial waterway made for the purpose of irrigation Eager : showing interest Expanding : to increase the size Irrigate : to supply water to dry land Renovate : repair Struck : hit with force Note to the Teacher: Ask the students to find and list the people of their rural municipality/municipality who work to repair and renovate public properties and do social welfare work. Teach the students to respect these people. 32 Social Studies - Book 3

Evaluation Exercises 1 Name the public properties around your house. a. ............................................... b. ............................................ c. ............................................... d. ............................................ 2 Which public property have you used? Name them. a. ............................... b. ............................... c........................... 3 Read the statements and write “Good work” or “Bad work”. a. Helping to prepare food for a wedding ceremony. ................. b. Throwing rubbish on the street. ............................................ c. Cleaning wells, a public tap, a chautara. ............................... d. Destroying the canal. ............................................................ e. Repairing the road. ............................................................... f. Renovating a temple, a mosque, a church and a monastery. .............................. 4 What are the uses of the following public properties? a. Chautara: ............................................................................... b. Canal: ..................................................................................... c. Police station: ........................................................................ d. Health post: ........................................................................... 5 What should be done to take care of our public properties? Write any three ways. Project Work Like Mangal Das kaka and Sanu Maya didi, name any three good people of your society and discuss their good works with your classmates. Social Studies - Book 3 33

Let’s Revise 1 Look at the pictures and write the name of the festival. ............................... .............................. .............................. ............................... .............................. .............................. 2 Who celebrates the following festivals? a. Buddha Jayanti ..................................... b. Maghe Sankranti ..................................... c. Christmas ..................................... d. Guru Nanak Jayanti ..................................... e. Chhath ..................................... f. Eid ..................................... g. Lhosar ..................................... h. Janai Purnima ..................................... 3 Draw a picture of any one good work done by you and your friends. 34 Social Studies - Book 3

Unit SOCIAL PROBLEMS AND 3 SOLUTIONS Hold Our Hands Offering Help Avoid Bad Customs Social Studies - Book 3 35

LESSON HOLD OUR HANDS 1 Objectives : After the completion of this lesson, students will be able to: n identify the problems and challenges faced by the disabled. n help and show respect to differently abled people. I am Binay Maharjan. I am visually impaired. I lost my eye sight when I was very young. I use a white cane to walk. Sometimes my neighbours help me to cross the road. I study with the help of a special script known as Braille. If you want to feel the challenges of visually impaired people like me, you can close your eyes for some time and try to walk. Now you can understand the challenges a visually impaired person has. Whenever you see people like us, you should always be ready to help them. My name is Ajit Satyal. I am deaf. I cannot hear when people talk to me. I talk with the help of sign language. Sign language is the method of exchanging messages with the help of hand and finger gesture. I will soon be getting a hearing aid with which I will be able to hear different sounds. I really appreciate those people who make the effort to learn sign language for people like us. 36 Social Studies - Book 3

We are human beings and want to be treated as ordinary people. We may appear different, move awkwardly and speak haltingly but we have the same feeling. We laugh, we cry and we have hope. We want to be loved for what we are. There are several other impairments like mental retardation, physical disability, speech impairment, etc. Teasing, ignoring and being rude to differently abled people is not a good way to behave, this might hurt their sentiments. We need to take extra care when we are around them. We should be helpful and respectful towards them. GLOSSARY Awkwardly : in an uneasy manner Haltingly : stopping often while speaking Mental retardation : developmental disability that includes below- average general intellectual function and a lack of the skills necessary for daily living Sentiments : feelings and emotions Note to the Teacher: Get some students to act as a person with various disabilities and ask others to do the role play of helping them. Guide them to use proper language and show good behaviour and respect. Social Studies - Book 3 37

Evaluation Exercises 1 Look at the pictures and write who uses the following things. a. b. c. 2 A visually impaired person finds some work easy and some difficult to do. Work in groups and list any four such activities. Can do easily Find difficult to do Example: listen to radio cannot walk easily 3 How can you help differently abled people? Write any two ways. a. ............................................................................................... b. ............................................................................................... 4 Read the lesson and answer. a. What problems do Binay and Ajit have? b. What is sign language? c. What is Braille? Project Work Pretend to be Binay or Ajit. Act out in class their life challenges for your classmates to understand their struggles in life. 38 Social Studies - Book 3

LESSON OFFERING HELP 2 Objectives : After the completion of this lesson, students will be able to: n identify differently abled and helpless people. n extend help and show affection to the needy people. Our world consists of different kinds of people. There are people who belong to huge family and there are some people who don’t have a family. A child who does not have parents is known as an orphan. They are usually raised in orphanages. These children too deserve to be educated, loved and cared. These children need support to lead a healthy and normal life. They should be provided with basic necessities like food, clothes, education and entertainment. We should contribute for their wellbeing by donating food, clothes, books, etc. These children should be given equal opportunities like other children. Social Studies - Book 3 39

It is a fact of human life that with time we all grow old. We have aged grandparents in our homes. We might also have members in our family who are unhealthy. We have to be patient and take care of them. We have to take them for regular checkups to the doctor. We have to be sensitive towards their needs. We should provide as much help as we can to make their lives easier. There also might be differently abled people in our community who might need extra care and support. We should cater to their needs. The world belongs to us and we all belong to this world. So to live in this world happily we all need to love and support each other. GLOSSARY Cater : provide with what is needed Consists : made up of Deserve : be worthy of Raised : bring up a child Sensitive : quick to detect Wellbeing : the state of being comfortable, healthy and happy Note to the Teacher: Ask the students to prepare a list of how they should behave and care for the needy people of different kinds. Ask them to list out how they speak to them and what activities they can do to help such needy people. 40 Social Studies - Book 3

Evaluation Exercises 1 Think and write. How can you help the following people? Write one activity for each of them. Old people Sick people Orphan Street children 2 Tick (ü) the activity that we should and cross (û) the one that we should not do. a. Giving medicine to the sick. b. Unequal opportunity to the orphans. c. Donate to the orphanage. d. Giving food to the beggar. e. Helping the aged people in their activities. f. Hurting the sentiments of differently abled people. 3 Read the lesson and answer. a. Who are the people who need our help? Write down any four of them. b. What do you mean by orphanage? c. What basic necessities should be given to the orphan? d. Why do sick people need help? e. How can we make the life of differently abled people comfortable? Social Studies - Book 3 41

LESSON AVOID BAD CUSTOMS 3 Objectives : After the completion of this lesson, students will be able to: n identify the bad customs that exist in our society. n be aware of social evils and superstitions practised in their village/tole. Deepak Pandit was a respected person in his village. He was a Brahmin by caste. He disliked all the people who belonged to the other castes. People belonging to other castes were not allowed to enter his home. The whole village followed his example. Hence, some people from different caste were treated very badly. One day Deepak had a road accident. He was taken to the health post. He urgently needed some fresh blood. Badri, who belonged to an underprivileged caste, donated his blood and saved Deepak’s life. When Deepak came to know about it, he then realized that “people should be judged by their work, not by their caste”. Every caste is equal and should be respected. Deepak also realized that there are many bad customs and superstitions still present in society. It is necessary to educate the villagers and make them aware of the bad effects of such practices. To start with, Deepak stopped Brijkant Mishra from taking dowry at his son’s marriage. He also stopped the marriage of Hem Kumar’s daughter who was just 12 years old. Deepak told him about the bad effect of child marriage. 42 Social Studies - Book 3

Now this village has become an example for other villages. The people of all castes are allowed to go to the temple to worship. The public taps are no longer used only by the higher caste people. Everyone has equal access. People in the neighbouring village believed in ghosts and witches. They went to the Dhami and Jhankri when they fell sick instead of the doctor. They believed in many superstitions such as: if a cat crosses somebody’s path it is considered a bad omen. If somebody sneezes just before leaving the house, that is also believed to be a bad omen. These things don’t have any scientific reason, thus they are just superstitions. We should try to stop these bad customs and superstitions. GLOSSARY : permission to use Access Dowry : money or property brought by the bride to her husband’s home during her marriage Omen : a sign or event that predicts something good or something bad Scientific : relating to science Superstitions : beliefs that have no scientific reason Underprivileged : socially and economically backward Urgently : importantly Note to the Teacher: Interact with the students about some of the bad customs practiced in their society by giving examples. Ask the students if they too have seen bad customs in their community. Warn the students to avoid bad customs and superstitions. Social Studies - Book 3 43

Evaluation Exercises 1 What do the given pictures indicate? a. b. 2 Write “True” for the correct statement and “False” for the wrong statement. a. We should discriminate against people on the basis of their caste. b. We should go to Dhami and Jhankri when we become sick. c. We should marry at an early age. d. We should not believe in superstitions. e. We should not demand dowry for marriage. 3 Tick (ü) the correct answer from the given alternatives. a. Discriminating against the people on the basis of caste is called.................. i. child marriage ii. dowry custom iii. untouchability b. Taking money or other goods during marriage is a.................. i. dowry custom ii. child marriage iii. superstition c. We should go to the...........................when we become sick. i. Dhami-Jhankri ii. doctor iii. hotel 44 Social Studies - Book 3

Let’s Revise 1 How would you help the following people? a. An orphan child (i) ........................................................... (ii) ........................................................... b. A sick person (i) ........................................................... (ii) ........................................................... c. An old person (i) ........................................................... (ii) ........................................................... d. A blind man who wants to cross the road.............................. e. A deaf woman who wants to know what the other person is speaking................................................. 2 Look at the given picture and answer the following questions. a. What do you see here? b. Which bad custom is being followed here? c. Why is it a bad custom? d. Is this custom also followed in your house? e. What can you do to stop such custom? Social Studies - Book 3 45

4Unit CIVIC AWARENESS Helpful Stranger A Kind Girl Our Natural Resources Follow the Public Rules Rights of Children My Ward and Its Functions 46 Social Studies - Book 3

LESSON HELPFUL STRANGER 1 Objectives : After the completion of this lesson, students will be able to: n get help from an unknown person in time of need. n use polite and respectful words while getting help from a stranger. My name is Sneha. Yesterday I went to the market with my uncle. It was a sunny day and was very hot. We went to buy a new bag for my brother and me. We visited many shops and finally we bought two nice bags. I was very happy. When we were on our way home, my uncle suddenly felt dizzy and fell down. He had fainted, and I could not wake him up. I felt very scared. I looked around and couldn’t see anybody. I started to cry, and I went to find some help. I saw a man and a woman walking. I hurriedly ran towards them and said, “Uncle, can you please help me? My uncle fell down and is not getting up. I am very scared”. “Calm down little girl. Where is he? Take us to him”, said the man. And they both followed me to the place where my uncle was lying. Social Studies - Book 3 47

The woman took out a bottle of water and sprinkled some of it on his face. Slowly, my uncle opened his eyes. The man helped my uncle to stand up on his feet. They also gave him some water to drink. I again requested, “Uncle, can you please help me take him to the hospital?” They agreed and we went to the hospital where the doctors treated him. I thanked the strangers for helping me in such a difficult situation. After he got his strength back we headed home. I was glad to meet such helpful people on the way. That day I learned even strangers help us when we are in need. GLOSSARY Dizzy : feeling faint Fainted : feeling weak and falling down Headed : to move towards a certain direction Situation : position or condition Sprinkled : scatter small drops of water Strength : being strong Note to the Teacher: Conduct a role play in the class involving two students to show how to get help from an unknown person in times of emergency. Encourage the students not to hesitate to ask for help with a stranger. Teach the students to use polite and respectful words. 48 Social Studies - Book 3

Evaluation Exercises 1 If you have to talk with an unknown person for the first time, how do you start? Write two sentences. ..................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................... 2 Fill in the blanks. Sneha went to the............................with her uncle. He felt ..........................and...........................while they were returning home. Sneha was very....................... She looked....................... and saw two.......................... She ran to them and requested to.........................her. The two strangers helped her to take her uncle to the.......................... She.........................the strangers for helping her in such a difficult.......................... 3 Read the lesson and answer. a. Why did Sneha go to the market with her uncle? b. What happened to Sneha’s uncle while they were returning home? c. What did Sneha do when her uncle fell down? d. How did the strangers help Sneha and her uncle? Write four sentences. Project Work If you have to introduce yourself to an unknown person, what will you do? Show by acting in class. Social Studies - Book 3 49

LESSON A KIND GIRL 2 Objectives : After the completion of this lesson, students will be able to: n provide necessary help to the people in need. n address the stranger according to their age. Kusum and Sabitri were returning home from school. On the way they saw an old woman running hurriedly. Old woman: Excuse me, nani. Can you tell me the way to Dahal sir’s house? Kusum: Sure, Aama. But he has moved to a new location. It is a bit far from here. I think it will take you about two hours to reach there. It will be night by the time you reach his house. Why do you want to meet him, Aama? Old woman: My son lives in a foreign country. After a long time he has sent me a letter. I am very excited to know about his well being. But I cannot read. So I want to request Dahal sir to read it for me. Kusum: You don’t have to go that far to read your son’s letter. If you allow me, I can read it for you. Old woman: Thank you, nani. This is so kind of you. Kusum: Let’s sit on that chautara comfortably, and I will read the letter for you. Old woman: Ok, nani. Let’s go there. Kusum started to read the letter. The letter was as follows: 50 Social Studies - Book 3