Social Studies Book 5_2078 Revised and Updated Edition

Approved by the Government of Nepal, Ministry of Education Curriculum Development Centre (CDC), Sanothimi, Bhaktapur, Nepal. New Social Studies C R E A wi th ART TI VE 5Revised Edition Book Authors Kiran Thapa Yojana Karmacharya This book belongs to: Name : Class : Roll No.: School: Phone No.:

Published by TU Road, Kuleshwor, Kathmandu, Nepal. Phone: 4672071, 5187211, 5187226 Fax: 00977-1-4672073 E-mail: [email protected] www.readmorenp.com © Copyright: Publisher 2073 BS First Edition : 2069 BS Revised Edition : 2072 BS Revised Edition : 2073 BS Updated Edition : 2074 BS Revised Edition : 2075 BS Reprint : 2076 BS Revised Edition : 2077 BS No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted by any means, electronic, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Any breach of this condition will entail legal action and prosecution. Content Editors Special thanks to: Matrika Pd. Lamsal Ellen Dietrich Ashish Pradhan Shweta Rajya Laxmi Malla In the Loving Memory of Late Amir Kumar Batajoo. Layout Readmore Desktop Printed in Nepal You can exchange this book from your nearest book shop if any binding errors are found. Read to help others read ! We are pleased to inform that a certain amount from each book is allocated to the Charity Fund. The fund is provided to deserving and needy students all over Nepal. The charity always welcomes co-operation and support from all well wishers and agencies.

About the book ’s New Social Studies book is an appropriately graded series of social studies for school children. The primary level series consists of six books suitable for classes UKG to V. This series is prepared especially for the students between five to eleven years of age. It is an appropriately planned series that fulfills the needs of students and teachers and meets the changing situations of our country and the world. Salient features of the book: v The entire curriculum has been divided into seven units as specified by the Curriculum Development Centre, Government of Nepal. Similarly the second phase of the book has creative art. This lesson helps students develop various skills and creativity. For the convenience of the teachers, Audio-Visual materials are provided with the book. It is a very new trend in the field of education in Nepal. v The objectives of the lessons given at the beginning of each lesson enable teachers to clearly understand the theme of the lesson and plan accordingly. v The note to the teacher is placed at the bottom of each lesson with guidelines and some useful tips for teachers about presenting the lesson in a useful and meaningful way. v Lessons in Grade one and two have been presented in a two-page-format. The page with the content of the lesson is on the left and the page with the evaluation exercises is on the right side. v Evaluation exercises are presented in such a way; so that the students solve the problems by themselves. This also gives an idea to the teachers to understand whether students have grasped the theme of the lesson or not. There are textual questions in which the students read the text and solve the problems. v The content of the lessons are written in simple language with colourful illustrations. Social, ethnic, geographical diversities and gender equality are given special attention. v To make the text more interesting for students, the lessons contain various reading materials such as stories, dialogues, letters, etc. v At the end of every unit, one fun exercise is given. v At the end of each unit, a list of glossary and revision exercises are given for each respective unit. We would like to express our sincere thanks to the principals and teachers who have recommended ’s New Social Studies book to their students and schools. We are confident that these books will meet the objectives set forth by CDC/ Government of Nepal. We highly appreciate the opinion and constructive suggestions from the teachers and intellectuals. - Authors

Table of Contents 1Unit My Family, My 7. Uses of a Globe and a Map 104 Neighbours And Me 1. Occupation of My Neighbours 6 8. A) Our Neighbouring Countries 108 9. B) Our Neighbouring Countries 113 2. Good Behaviour 9 Let’s Revise 117 3. Social Responsibility 12 Unit 4. Good Deeds Never Go Wasted 16 6 Our Past 5. Empathy 19 1. Historical Things of Our Let’s Revise 21 Community 119 2Unit Our Traditions, Social 2. Ancient Nepal 122 Values and Norms 1. Our Glorious Traditions 3. A) Our National Heroes 125 23 4. B) Our National Heroes 129 2. Unity in Diversity 26 5. Our Head of the State 3. Festivals of Our Country 29 And Head of the Government 134 4. Our Nation Our Pride 33 Let’s Revise 138 5. Good People of My District 36 Unit Let’s Revise 39 7 Our Economic Activities 3Unit Social Problems And 1. Economic Activities Solutions of My District 140 1. Quit Bad Habits 42 2. Learn to Take Care 143 2. Anti-Social Activities 45 3. Domestic Products 146 3. Unnecessary Imitation 48 4. Use of Domestic Products 149 4. Helpful Social Organizations 51 5. Economic Activities 5. Role of Local Bodies 54 of Our Country 152 6. Forgiveness and Reconciliation 57 Let’s Revise 155 Let’s Revise 60 Unit Let’s Stop and Think 156 4 Civic Awareness 1. Fundamental Rights 62 CREATIVE ART 159 160 2. Our Fundamental Duties 66 1. Vegetable Printing 161 2. Spray Printing 162 3. Our National Heritage 69 3. Leaf Printing 164 4. Paper Folding 165 4. Social Responsibility 73 5. Paper Collage 166 6. Paper Weaving 167 5. District Assembly and District 7. Wire Sculpture 168 8. Drawing and Colouring Co-ordination Committee 76 9. Clay Work 169 10. Drawing by Using 170 6. Equal Treatment 79 Geometrical Shapes 172 11. Colour Mixing 175 Let’s Revise 82 12. Music 176 13. Dance Unit 84 14. Class Song 87 5 Our Earth 91 1. Natural Region of Nepal 95 2. Climate And Lifestyle of Nepal 98 3. Natural Vegetation of Nepal 101 4. Soil of Our Country 5. Map of Nepal 6. Symbols Used in Map Work

UNIT MY FAMILY, MY 1 NEIGHBOURS AND ME Occupation of My Neighbours Good Behaviour Social Responsibility Good Deeds Never Go Wasted Empathy

1LESSON OCCUPATION OF MY NEIGHBOURS Objectives : After the completion of this lesson, students will be able to: n identify the occupations of their neighbours. n discuss the importance of different occupations people follow in their community. Hi! I’m Naila and I live at Nakkhu neighbourhood. All my neighbours are engaged in different occupations to earn their livelihood. Even my parents work to earn and provide basic requirements to us. My father, Mr. Harish Pun is a police officer whereas my mother, Mrs. Lekha Pun is a school teacher. People living in my neighbourhood can be found engaged in various occupations. We have a cobbler who mends our shoes, a tailor who sews our clothes, a mechanic who repairs our car, bike, bicycle etc, a blacksmith who makes tools like kuto, kodalo, hansiya, knives and utensils, a shopkeeper who sells groceries, a weaver who weaves doko, dalo, namlo etc, a potter who makes earthenware from clay, a pharmacist who sells medicine, a photographer who takes our photos, a dentist who takes care of our teeth, a barber who cuts our hair, a florist who sells flowers, a driver who drives bus, trucks etc for us. Without these neighbours of ours, we couldn’t live comfortably as they provide us services of our daily need. 6 Social Studies - Book 5

My neighbours who live close to my house are very cooperative to each other. Without each other’s support and work, our neighbourhood would not be complete. In my neighbourhood, we have a teacher who teaches at school, a doctor who treats patients, a nurse who takes care of patients, a lawyer who gives us legal advises, a health worker who awares people about hygiene and good health, a news reader who reads news in television, a farmer who grows crop, a businessmen who runs a business and a labour who works in a factory. For smooth functioning and development of our neighbourhood, all the occupations are equally essential. In the absence of any one of the occupation from our neighbourhood, we would have difficulty fulfilling our basic needs and living a comfortable life. Therefore, we must appreciate each and every one for the occupation that they are following as their contribution in their chosen field has made our life easier and comfortable. KEY WORDS Appreciate : to recognize the good qualities of somebody Blacksmith : a person who makes and repairs things made of iron by hand Contribution : an action or a service that helps to cause or increase something Earthenware : pottery made of clay Engage : to become involved with Occupation : a job Note to the Teacher: Display the pictures of different occupation and discuss with the students. Ask them about the occupation their neighbours are involved in. Make them enact the roles of people involved in various occupations. Take the students around the locality of the school to meet the people of different occupations and gather information personally. Social Studies - Book 5 7

Evaluation Exercises 1 Think and write. a) What occupation do your parents and relatives follow? Name any five of them. b) What occupation do most of your neighbours follow? Name any four of them. c) What occupation would you like to follow in future? Give reason. 2 Write these questions: a) Why do people engage in various occupations? b) Why do we need different occupations in our neighbourhood? c) Who helps us to live a comfortable life? d) Why must we appreciate our neighbours? 3 Who will you go to if: a) You need to mend your torn shoes b) You need legal advise c) You need to buy groceries d) You need your photo to be taken e) You need to sew a new dress 4 What benefits do you get from the occupations of your neighbours? Neighbour’s Occupation Benefits Project Work Dress up like a professional of your choice. Then tell your class who you are and what you do. 8 Social Studies - Book 5

2LESSON GOOD BEHAVIOUR Objectives : After the completion of this lesson, students will be able to: n respect their neighbours. n love, care and obedience towards the elderly. Sabin lives in Phalate village of Kavre district. Gyaljen and Hisila are his close friends. They are also his neighbours. They go to school together. They play different games together. They all get involved in each other’s festivals and celebrate it with joy. On Saturday there is a celebration at Sabin’s house. It is his sister’s naming ceremony. Early in the morning his father told him to invite his friends with their parents. So he went out to invite them. First, he went to Gyaljen’s home. Sabin : Namaste kaka and kaki. How are you? Kaka : We are fine but Gyaljen has gone to the market. Did you come to meet him? Sabin : I came here to invite you all for my brother’s naming ceremony. It is on this coming Saturday. Kaka : Thank you for inviting us Sabin. We will surely be there. Kaki : Wait for a while. I will bring some juice and biscuits for you. Sabin : Thank you Kaki but I have to go to many other places to invite. I will surely come next time. He then went to Hisila’s home. Social Studies - Book 5 9

Sabin : Namaste aunt. I heard uncle is not feeling well. How is he now? Aunt : He had cold and fever. He is much better now. You can go and meet him in the room. Sabin : Namaste uncle. How are you feeling today? Uncle : I am feeling better. I am glad you came to meet me. Sabin : I came to invite you for my sister’s naming ceremony this coming Saturday. Will you be able to come? Uncle : I will try my best but don’t worry your friend Hisila and her mother will surely attend. Sabin : Thank you uncle. And get well soon. On Saturday all of them came to Sabin’s house. Gyaljen and Hisila : Namaste uncle and aunt. Where is the baby? We would like to see her. Mother : Sabin, take your friends to your sister. Gyaljen and Hisila : Aunt, if you need any help please do let us know. Mother : Oh thank you. That is very thoughtful of you. I will surely let you know. Like Sabin, Gyaljen and Hisila you should also behave well towards your elders and neighbours. KEY WORDS Attend : be present at an event Naming Ceremony : a ceremony in which new born baby is named Thoughtful : showing consideration for the need of other people Note to the Teacher: Discuss with the student how they behave with their neighbours. Conduct role play in class to show different behaviours. 10 Social Studies - Book 5

Evaluation Exercises 1 Think and write. a) Suppose a guest arrives at your house in your parents’ or elders’ absence. Now how would you attend your guest? b) Suppose you need to look after your younger sibling in your parents’ absence. How would you treat him/her? 2 Write True for correct and False for wrong statement. a) We should talk politely with our neighbour. b) We should not help our neighbours when they are in need. c) We should quarrel with our closest neighbour. d) We must treat our neighbours equally. e) We should trust others easily. 3 Read the lesson and answer. a) List any four good behaviours that Sabin has shown towards his friends’ parents. b) List any two good behaviours that Gyaljen and Hisila have shown towards Sabin’s parents. 4 Read the text given below. Sabin has written this paragraph about how he behaves with his neighbours. I am Sabin and I live at Phalate village. I always greet my seniors with a Namaste and speak kindly with my juniors. I am very friendly and cooperative with my friends. I play fairly when playing with them. For me, playing with a team spirit and cooperation is more important than winning the game. I never discriminate my friends and neighbours on the bases of their caste, religion or occupation. I respect and treat them equally. I never backbite about my friends or neighbours. If possible, I am always helping the needy and younger ones. Write a similar paragraph about how you behave or deal with your neighbours. Project Work Go along with one of your friends to his/her neighbour’s house. Observe how they interact and behave with their neighbours. Take notes of their behaviour. Then comment on their behaviour next day in the class. Also give them some suggestions if needed. Social Studies - Book 5 11

3LESSON SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY Objectives : After the completion of this lesson, students will be able to: n participate and help in the community work of their society. Three friends, Purnima, Adweta and Shreya who live in a town, once were returning home from their school. On their way back, they saw a motorist being hit by the truck. No one offered any help to the motorist. He was bleeding heavily and pleading for help. The three friends rushed to the nearest phone booth and called the police at 100. Soon the help arrived and the motorist was rescued on time. Abdul, who was alone at home, suddenly heard someone shouting for help. He rushed outside and saw smoke coming out of his neighbour’s house. He immediately rushed inside and dialed 101 to call fire brigade for help. Soon after the arrival of the fire fighters, the fire was controlled. Rajaram’s sister is getting married in a week. Therefore all his friends after their school will go to his house to help the family. They will help in cleaning the surrounding, carrying the pots or utensils, buying things from the shop, collecting flowers and woods, decorating the house and compound etc. 12 Social Studies - Book 5

Ram, Bigesh, Saimon and Anjali, who live in village, every weekend with the other children of their village go to public tap, ponds, park and temples to clean them. They also clean the river bank and plant trees around it. These children also helped the villagers repair roads and their school buildings. These mentioned young children are all socially responsible children. They understand their responsibility towards their society. Being “socially responsible” means giving preference to the society before our personal gains. Without society, one cannot survive as we depend on society for our basic needs like food, shelter, education etc. It’s the society which ensures the quality of our living. Therefore, we should be conscious of the effects of our actions on our society. By taking an active participation in community works, we can directly or indirectly help everyone in our society to improve their living standard and live a comfortable live. Community work refers to the work done by a person or group of people that benefits others. It is often done near the area where you live, so that your community can benefit from your work. You do not get paid for your community works. Through your community work you can help people like children, old people, and people with disabilities, or animals. You can also provide your services for repairing, maintaining or building places like local parks, historic, tourist or religious places, local schools, ponds, taps, roads etc. Note to the Teacher: Discuss with the student through question answer method about different community work by showing pictures. Encourage and motivate them to be involved in community work. Inspire them by discussing about a person who has become renowned through his/her community work. Social Studies - Book 5 13

KEY WORDS Conscious : having knowledge of something Ensure : make certain that something will happen Fire brigade : an organized group of fire fighters trained and employed to extinguish fire Personal gain : a benefit or advantage that relates to a particular person rather than to the society Preference : a feeling of liking or wanting one person or thing more than another person or thing Rescue : save from a dangerous or difficult situation Evaluation Exercises 1 Think and write. a) Make a list of community works in which you can participate and help. b) Make a list of community work people perform in the village and city. Community works done in village Community works done in city 2 Read the lesson and answer. a) What is a community work? b) What does ‘socially responsible’ refers to? c) Who can you help through your community work? d) How can others benefit from your community work? 14 Social Studies - Book 5

3 Fill in the blanks with the appropriate words. a) Rajaram’s friends helped his family in his................................... b) Purnima, Adweta and Shreya called the police by dialing .............................. c) The..................................emergency call number is 101. d) We should be..................................of the effects of our actions on our society. e) We must understand our..........................towards our society. 4 Ask some of your friends what community works they have participated in and then fill in the following table: My Friend’s name Social work 5 Look at the given pictures. What are the people doing here? How can you help in these works? i) ii) iii) Project Work Together with your friends go to local parks, temples, stupas or any other public place and help the local people to clean them. Social Studies - Book 5 15

4LESSON GOOD DEEDS NEVER GO WASTED Objectives : After the completion of this lesson, students will be able to: n behave equally with all the people of their community irrespective of their caste, gender, religion, etc. Teacher : Students, today I am going to tell you a story about two men named Gangaram and Dayaram. Many years ago, a man named Gangaram lived in Janakinagar village in Sarlahi district. He was a very rich man. He owned a big house and a huge plot of land in his district. He kept many men and women as helpers in his house. He considered himself as the richest man in the district. He felt proud of his status. He believed that everybody else was inferior to him. His behaviour was rude and arrogant towards those whom he considered below him. Even though he had a lot of money he never helped anyone in time of need. His thoughts and ways were traditional. He had two daughters and one son. He sent his son to school but his daughters stayed at home doing the household work. He thought that daughters were not supposed to be educated. He discriminated people in terms of gender, caste and economic status. His arrogance increased day by day. On the other hand there was a man named Dayaram who also lived in the same village. He was kind and helpful. Though he was not rich, he was always ready to help others in time of need. He behaved and treated all the people equally. He believed goodness comes from the heart, not from caste, status or any other kind of material possessions. He has been blessed with one son and daughter. He sent both his son and daughter to school. Both of them were good in studies. He always advised the 16 Social Studies - Book 5

villagers to treat their sons and daughters equal. Due to his forward thinking everybody loved and respected him. One day a fire broke out at Dayaram’s house. He almost lost everything in that incident but luckily he and his family were safe. This incident didn’t break Dayaram. With full faith he started to rebuilt all that he had lost. Seeing his fighting spirit the villagers gathered together to support him except Gangaram. The villagers helped him by giving him food, shelter and clothes. They also collected fund to rebuild his house. Dayaram was very happy and thanked all the villagers for their support. Almost after one year, a flood occurred and Gangaram’s house, lands and all his property were washed away. But because of his selfish and arrogant behavior nobody was interested to help him. Dayaram was the first to lend him a helping hand. The villagers then followed Dayaram’s footsteps and come forward to help Gangaram. Gangaram had learned a hard lesson that day. The people with whom he had behaved and treated rudely were helping him and his family. He broke into tears and promised to change himself. After this incident, Gangaram thanked everyone and apologized for his previous behaviour. Now all of them are living peacefully in the village cooperating with each other. KEY WORDS : unpleasantly proud Arrogant Discriminate : differentiate on the basis of caste, class, etc Inferior : lower in rank, status or quality Material Possessions : property or belongings Plot : a piece of land used for specific purpose Status : a person’s social position Note to the Teacher: Encourage the students to treat everyone equally in their community. Also mention the consequences when people are discriminated in various ways. The lesson can also be taught by citing examples from one’s own community or by telling such stories. Social Studies - Book 5 17

Evaluation Exercises 1 Think and write. a) Do the people of your neighbourhood behave like Gangaram or Dayaram? Who do you like more? 2 What does the given picture indicate? Is it good or bad? Give reasons. 3 Write True or False. a) Gangaram and Dayaram both sent their daughters to school. b) Dayaram was respected by everyone in the village. c) Gangaram was very rude towards the poor villagers. d) The villagers helped Gangaram and his family after the flood. e) Dayaram lost his family in an accident. 4 Read the lesson and answer. a) Write the differences you find between the behaviours of Gangaram and Dayaram. Behaviour of Gangaram Behaviour of Dayaram b) What incident happened at Dayaram’s house? How did the villagers help him? c) Why did Gangaram apologize to the villagers? Project Work Share similar stories with your class. 18 Social Studies - Book 5

5LESSON EMPATHY Objectives : After the completion of this lesson, students will be able to: n show empathy to their friends when they are facing problems. n help them in time of need. Sujata and Bishnu both study in class five. They are very good friends. Sujata is very good in studies but Bishnu is weak. Sujata got high grades in the terminal exams, whereas Bishnu failed in mathematics. He was the only student who had failed in his class. All his friends laughed and teased him. But Sujata felt very sad about it. Bishnu felt embarrassed and ashamed. With a heavy heart he went home. He was very sad. From the next day he stopped talking to his friends. He even stopped playing with them. He started to stay alone and looked depressed. Sujata was worried about Bishnu’s changing behaviour. So, she talked to him. Bishnu told her that even though he studied hard in all the subjects including mathematics he still failed. And now he was not interested to study further. Sujata was well aware of her friend’s hardworking nature. So she thought of a way to help him. They planned to meet after school. They practiced and revised the lessons together. Sujata helped him to solve the problems. They did this regularly and slowly Bishnu improved in mathematics and passed the final exams with good marks. Bishnu was happy with his results. He even enjoyed the subject. Now his friends stopped teasing him. Sujata is also very happy for her friend. Like Sujata, we should always try to understand and feel other’s pain and help them. Note to the Teacher: Motivate the students not to tease and laugh on mistake and failure of others. Do a role play in class among the students helping each other. Encourage them to help others when they are in trouble. Tell the negative effects of teasing others and positive effects of helping the people in need. Social Studies - Book 5 19

KEY WORDS Depressed : a person in a state of unhappiness Embarrassed : cause someone to feel ashamed Tease : to make fun of Evaluation Exercises 1 Think and write. a) If you fail in exam like Bishnu, what will you do to become successful? b) What do you do when someone laughs or teases you in your failure? 2 Answer the following questions. a) Have you ever felt the pain of your parents? When and why? b) How do you behave towards a person when he/she is in trouble? 3 Read the lesson and answer. a) Why did Bishnu’s friend laugh and tease him? b) Why did Bishnu become sad? What changes had come in his behaviour? c) How did Sujata help Bishnu in his studies? d) What will happen when we tease and laugh at others? e) What did you learn from the lesson “Empathy”? Project Work “Practice makes a man perfect.”This saying very well describes Bishnu’s determination to succeed. Share your similar experiences with your class where you worked hard to succeed. 20 Social Studies - Book 5

Let’s Revise 1 Who is who? N......................... F........................... a. A person living close to your house P.......................... b. A person who sells flowers and plants D.......................... c. A person who sells medicine D.......................... d. A person who drives a car/truck e. A person who takes care of people’s teeth 2 In the table below, write how you behave with your friends and neighbours. My Friends My Neighbours I always treat them as my I speak politely and respectably equal. with them. 3 Correct the mistakes in the following statements. a. A socially responsible child understands his/her rights. b. Community work refers to the work done by a person or group of people that harms others. c. Being “socially responsible” means giving preference to yourself before the society. d. It’s our job and money earned which ensures the quality of our living. e. We get paid for our community works. 4 Write Yes or No. a. We should not talk politely with poor people. b. We must be proud of our wealth. c. We should help the needy people. d. We should treat our daughters and sons equally. e. We should never accept our fault. Social Studies - Book 5 21

UNIT OUR TRADITIONS, 2 SOCIAL VALUES AND NORMS Our Glorious Traditions Unity in Diversity Festivals of Our Country Our Nation Our Pride Good People of My District

1LESSON OUR GLORIOUS TRADITIONS Objectives : After the completion of this lesson, students will be able to: n differentiate between good and bad traditions of our society. n avoid bad tradition and continue the good one. Lopsang Sherpa of Namuna School writes a letter to his friend Linda, who lives in Canada and wants to know about Nepalese customs and traditions. Let’s read the letter. Dear Linda, I’m really happy to know that you want to visit my country on your next holiday. I’m very impressed that you want to know about some of our important traditions. Writing to you about my traditions is a matter of pride for me because I love my customs and traditions. Linda, our society is full of good and interesting traditions. People living in different communities have different customs and traditions. Let me tell you about some common traditions followed in our society. To respect our elders and to treat our guests kindly is a good aspect of our tradition. We have sayings like Atithi Devo Bhava, Matri Devo Bhava, Pitri Devo Bhava and Guru Devo Bhava, which teach us to have great respect for guests, parents and teachers. We celebrate festivals like Dashain, Tihar, 23 Eid, Chhatha, Christmas, Buddha Jayanti and many other festivals to strengthen the bond between the family members, relatives and the neighbours. Our tradition Social Studies - Book 5

of singing, dancing and eating together helps us forget our bad days and look up for better days as it is believed that festivals are meant to bring joy and a new beginning in our lives. However, some traditions have created problems in our society. Some people are accused of being witches and hence are harassed. Untouchability and discrimination on the basis of gender, religion and economic status are also some of the bad practices of our society. The people considered untouchable by the society are not allowed to draw water from the public well, visit the temples and sit equally with the others. We believe in ghosts and evil spirits. When people get sick, we blame it on evil spirits or see it as the curse of a divine spirit. We take the sick to the shamans (Dhami Jhakri) instead to the doctor. We must not blindly follow such traditions. We must remove such bad practices. My grandfather says that love for traditions has never weakened a society or nation; indeed it has strengthened nations in the hour of danger. Linda, I’ll tell you more about my traditions when you come to Nepal. Let me know some interesting things about your traditions too. With best regards, Lopsang KEY WORDS Accused : blame someone for a crime Curse : supernatural power to cause someone harm Divine : like a god Harassed : to annoy or trouble someone repeatedly Note to the Teacher: Discuss about the different social practices followed traditionally in our society through various pictures and compare the good and bad traditions. Tell the different stories and incidents that motivate the student not to discriminate the people on the basis of caste, religion, gender, class, etc. 24 Social Studies - Book 5

Evaluation Exercises 1 Think and write. a) Mention any two good and bad traditions practiced in your community. b) Which tradition of our society needs to be reformed? List them and write the ways to reform them. 2 Some common tradition practiced in our society are given below. Identify the good and bad tradition. Put them in the correct column and also write the ways to reform the bad traditions. Respecting the elders, drinking alcohol, gambling, welcoming the guest, participating in other’s festivals, going to Dhami-jhankri, gender discrimination, untouchability, child marriage, helping the neighbour, loving the younger. Good tradition Bad tradition Reforms needed 3 Read the lesson and answer. a) Why do we celebrate festivals? b) How are untouchable people treated in the society? c) What does the saying “Atithi Devo Bhava, Matri Devo Bhava, Pitri Devo Bhava and Guru Devo Bhava” mean? Project Work Draw pictures showing good and bad traditions practiced in your community and write their effects on our society. Social Studies - Book 5 25

2LESSON UNITY IN DIVERSITY Objectives : After the completion of this lesson, students will be able to: n list the languages and customs practice in their district. n describe the languages and customs practice in their district. Kelsang Sherpa lives at Kalimati area of Kathmandu. His best friend, Prajwal Jha has Chhath Puja at his home today. Kelsang and his other friends Hari Gurung, Bikash Rokkya, Lata Poudel are invited to his house. They are together going to celebrate Chhath Puja with Prajwal’s family. Sabin Shrestha lives at Janakpur. He belongs to the newar community. His friends belong to other ethnic communities like Gurung, Magar, Chhetri, Brahmin, Tharu, Dhimal, Chepang etc. They all have their own languages, festivals, folk songs, dance, food and costumes. Such differences never stopped them from being good friends and neighbours. Instead the variety in their culture and traditions brought them more closer. They all celebrate each other’s festivals with same enthusiasm as they celebrate theirs. This also helps them understand each other’s culture and tradition, and develop a mutual understanding and respect for each other. People of Nepal belong to different ethnic and religious groups. We all live here together in harmony. Just like a garden that looks beautiful with many different varieties of flowers so does Nepal with people of different castes, languages, costumes and religion. 26 Social Studies - Book 5

Every ethnic or religious group has their own languages, dress, food, songs, dance, religion and festivals. Their unique language, dress, food, religion and festivals give them their our identity. We recognize a person from the language that they speak or a costume that they wear or a festival that they celebrate or a religion that they follow. Different languages, festivals, costumes and food etc help us to strengthen the bonding between different ethnic and religious communities. Without the help and support of the others in the society, one can’t survive. Hence together in harmony people who belong to different ethnic and religious communities speaking different languages and following different religions live in Nepal. The saying, “Hamro Bhasa Ramro, Hamro Bhes Ramro, Hami Sabai Jat Atne Desh Ramro” tells us that the languages we speak are sweet and the dress we wear is beautiful. Similarly our country where we all live in harmony and peace despite our cultural differences is the best. So we must be proud of our languages and costumes. Nepal is a multi-racial, multi-lingual and multi-religious country. But there is unity in diversity. All the people live in peace and social harmony. We should be proud to be a Nepali. We should unite together to develop our country. KEY WORDS Diversity : showing a great deal of variety Enthusiasm : intense and eager enjoyment or interest Harmony : agreement Mutual : common Unity : state of being joined Note to the Teacher: Ask the students to find out and make a list of different languages spoken in their districts and religions followed by the people of their districts. Discuss with them by showing the different costumes worn by the people of their district. Social Studies - Book 5 27

Evaluation Exercises 1 Think about your community and complete the table: Race Language Dress Food 2 Translate the given sentence in your own mother tongue with the help of your parents and share in class. æxfdL ;a} g]kfnL Ps xf+}, gk] fn xfdf| ] ;femf 3/ xf], xfdL ldn/] a:5f}+ .Æ 3 Read the lesson and answer. a) “Nepal is a multi-ethnic, multi-lingual and multi-religious country.” Justify the statement. b) In Nepal, there is unity in diversity. Explain. c) What gives us our identity? Project Work Divide the class into smaller groups. Assign each group one ethnic community to collect information on them. Then discuss their findings in the class. 28 Social Studies - Book 5

3LESSON FESTIVALS OF OUR COUNTRY Objectives : After the completion of this lesson, students will be able to: n discuss the importance of festivals. n discuss the common ways of celebrating different festivals Sherpa people celebrate Dumji festival during the month of May or June. It is one of the great festivals in the Khumbu region. On this occasion, Sherpa people dance, drink, eat and have lots of fun. So this is a merry making festival. They also perform various Sherpa rituals with the help of monks. This festival is celebrated in Tengboche, Namche Bazaar, Khumjung, Pangboche, Junbesi and other places of Khumbu region. The festival serves as a religious and community duty. It also helps bring the Sherpa people together. Pasang Sherpa had invited his friends to celebrate Dumji with his family. His friends were excited by the invitation. Sitaram, Birman, Dibya, Rajendra, Ali and Damber were the first to reach the place of celebration. Pasang welcomed them and they enjoyed dance and food together with Pasang’s family and relatives. When they met other Social Studies - Book 5 29

friends in school next day, they shared their experience of celebrating Dumji with Pasang’s family. Like Dumji, there are numerous other festivals that are celebrated in Nepal. Festivals like Dashain, Tihar, Chhath, Christmas, Baisakh Purnima, Janai Purnima, Eid, Teej, Krishna Asthami, Gaura, etc are important from religious Bisket Jatra, Bhaktapur point of view. Udhauli, Ubhauli, Lhosar, Maghe Sankranti, Fathers’ Day, Mothers’ Day, New Year, etc are socially important. Some local festivals and jatras are celebrated according to religion, caste and region. Festivals bring people together and promote social harmony. People wear new clothes and eat varieties of food. They engage in prayer, singing and dancing. People also play different games like linge ping during these festivals. Homes are cleaned, painted and decorated. Those who are away from home travel back to meet and celebrate festivals with their relatives and friends. So festivals bring a change in our daily life. In recent years, some bad traditions have been adopted as part of festival celebration. In the name of festivals, people are getting involved in some bad activities. For examples, children begin to throw dirty water on people a week before Holi. During Dashain and Tihar, 30 Social Studies - Book 5

some people are found involved in drinking alcohol and gambling. These activities are destroying the importance of festivals and our social harmony. We should stop doing such activities. Another bad tradition that one can find in our culture is extravagance. Some people use festival celebration as a means to show off their wealth. They excessively spend money on decoration of their house, food or clothes. And soon other people start following their example. We must not try to keep up with others and show off by spending more than what we can afford. It can put the family into difficulty. Festivals of Nepal reflect Nepali culture and tradition. It plays vital roles in the lives of Nepalese people. We should respect and participate in each other’s festivals. KEY WORDS Excessively : greater than what seems reasonable Extravagance : spend more than necessary Monks : a man who is a member of brotherhood living in a monastery Promote : encourage Show off : to try to impress other people by showing how good s/he is Vital : essential, absolutely necessary Note to the Teacher: Discuss through question-answer method about mela-parba and festivals people observe in their district. Encourage and motivate them to participate and respect all festivals. Social Studies - Book 5 31

Evaluation Exercises 1 Think and write. a) Which festival do you like the most? Give reasons. b) Which festival you do not like? Give reasons. 2 Fill in the blanks. a) Dumji is celebrated by the community of.........................people. b) Festivals like Teej and Eid are important from............................ point of view. c) Festivals promote social.................................in a country. d) ..............................of Nepal reflect Nepali culture and tradition. 3 Which festivals do you celebrate at home? Make a list. Then describe any one festival in detail. 4 Read the lesson and answer. a) Why do people travel back to their home during festivals? b) Explain some of the bad traditions that are part of our festival celebration. c) Why are the festivals important for us? Project Work Look at the calendar and write the names of festivals, date of celebration, related race and religion using the table given below. Name of festival Month Day Race Religion 32 Social Studies - Book 5

4LESSON OUR NATION OUR PRIDE Objectives : After the completion of this lesson, students will be able to: n feel proud of being a Nepali. n get involved in various development activities. Nepal is our country. It is as beautiful as heaven. It’s the country of highly diverse topography, rich in culture, arts and traditions. It is famous for natural beauties and unique wonders of the world. There are different landmarks in our country. There are 14 mountains in the world having the height above 8000 meters. Among them eight mountain peaks are in Nepal including the highest Mt. Sagarmatha peak of the world Mt. Sagarmatha. Some other famous mountains are Mt. Kanchanjungha, Makalu, Lhotse, Machhapuchhre, Annapurna, Dhaulagiri, Choyu, etc. Nepal is very rich in water resources. We have water resources like rivers, lakes and waterfalls. There are about 6000 rivers in a small country like Nepal. Some major rivers of our country are Sapta Koshi, Sapta Gandaki, Karnali, Kali Gandaki, etc. Similarly, Rara, Phoksundo, Phewa, Satyavati, Begnas, etc are dazzling lakes of our country. Tilicho lake is located in the highest altitude of Nepal. Another important feature that makes us feel proud is our national parks which are full of strange animals and birds. We can see many carnivorous and herbivorous animals like one-horned rhinoceros, elephant, tiger, etc. Similarly 800 types of birds are found in Nepal. Some major national parks of Nepal are Chitwan National Park, Shey-phoksundo National Park, Bardiya Bardiya National Park Social Studies - Book 5 33

National Park, Rara National Park, etc. The national parks and forest of Nepal is rich in medicinal herbs. Nepal is the birth place of Gautam Buddha, the “Light ofAsia”. It is the matter of great pride for us because Lumbini is the peerless landmark for all the Buddhist pilgrimage of the world. Nepal is also called the country Lumbini of temples. We can see artistic temples and palaces in many parts of our country. Some famous temples of Nepal are Pashupatinath, Manakamana, Ram-Janaki, Swoyambhunath, Bouddhanath, Changunarayan, Muktinath, etc. Similarly, the beautiful palaces of Patan, Bhaktapur and Kathmandu Durbar Square reflects our ancient art and architectures. All these things depict our history, art and culture. The new generations can learn lots of things from it. They are the identity and pride of our Kathmandu Durbar Square country. So we must preserve these national heritages. KEY WORDS Artistic : having natural creative skills Dazzling : very bright Heritage : valued objects and qualities Landmarks : an object or a feature of a landscape which is recognizable Unique : being the only one of its kind Note to the Teacher: Discuss with the student by introducing important natural and historical things found in our country and make them feel proud of being a Nepali. Tell the importance and ways to preserve such things. 34 Social Studies - Book 5

Evaluation Exercises 1 Think and write. a) Is there anything in your community which makes you proud like temples, palaces, monasteries, lakes, etc? List them. 2 Look at the pictures given below. Name them and write why they are important for us. a) b) c) 3 Match the following: Gautam Buddha Tilicho Sapta Koshi River Muktinath Lake Annapurna Temple Light of Asia Palace Bouddhanath National Park Stupa Mountain 4 Read the lesson and answer. a) What is Nepal famous for? b) Why is Nepal called the country of temples? c) Why should we preserve our national heritage? Give any two reasons. Project Work River Mountain Palace Name some: Lake Social Studies - Book 5 35

5LESSON GOOD PEOPLE OF MY DISTRICT Objectives : After the completion of this lesson, students will be able to: n indicate the helpful people of their district. n get the encouragement to do good works for their district or locality. Yesterday my Social Studies teacher asked me to name some respected persons of my district. I didn’t take long time to answer his question because the three names that soon came into my mind are not only my favourites, but also the favourites of all the people living in Saptari district. I am sure you’d love to know about them. Let me first talk about Hira Devi. She is a primary school teacher as well as a social worker. She is well known for her work in the district. She has set up a women’s group in the villages. It has helped to raise income for women. She is now involved in the construction of a road that would make it easy for the things produced by women to be carried to the market. Her philosophy is- “Make your village beautiful yourself.” Her work for the district people is really praiseworthy. Another respected person of my district is Birman Singh, who lives in our neighbouring village. He works as a mediator in his district. The villagers call him Jetha Ba. Everybody knows him and trusts him. He helps to settle all minor local disputes in fairness and justice. He is respected by all as a person who promotes harmony and cooperation in the district. In my neighbourhood major disputes occur at the time of buying and selling of the land, or constructing a house. Jetha Ba has good knowledge about maps, land, measurement and house 36 Social Studies - Book 5

construction. So whenever there is a dispute, people say, “Let’s call Jetha Ba to settle the problem”. And last, but not least, we respect Jogendra Yadav, a well known farmer of Saptari district. He is a retired agriculturist. He grows rice, wheat, maize, vegetables and other grains. He has planted vegetables, fruits and ginger in his dry land. He also raises cows, buffaloes, goats and hens. He has a good knowledge about modern farming, fertilizers, good quality seeds and insecticides. Farmers from different places of the district come to him to learn about vegetable and fruit farming. He also donates some of his income from farming and animal husbandry for the welfare of his community. We are always grateful to these three people for making our district a good place for living. Many of us want to be like them in the future. Indeed, they deserve to be respected by all for their great work for the district. KEY WORDS Deserve : be worthy of Disputes : disagreement or argument Insecticides : a substance used for killing insects Mediator : a person who tries to make two people agree Praiseworthy : admirable Retired : having left/withdraw from one’s job Note to the Teacher: Encourage the students to find out the good people and their inspiring works in their districts. Motivate the students to be like them through class activities or class discussions. Social Studies - Book 5 37

Evaluation Exercises 1 Think and write. a) What will you do to be a good person of your district? Make a list. 2 List the good works done by Hira Devi, Birman Singh and Jogendra Yadav in the given table. Hira Devi Birman Singh Jogendra Yadav 3 Make a list of any three good people of your community and write their good work (take the help from your elder if needed). Name of good people Good works done by them 4 Read the lesson and answer. a) Why is Hira Devi’s work for her district people praiseworthy? b) Why is Birman Singh respected by everyone in his district? c) Who is Jogendra Yadav? Project Work Ask the students to list the good works that come to their mind within 10 minutes. Motivate them to follow these works in their day to day life. 38 Social Studies - Book 5

Let’s Revise 1 Write True for correct statements and False for incorrect statements. a. We celebrate festivals only to strengthen the bond between the family members. b. Going to Dhami Jhakri when someone is sick, is a common practice in Nepal. c. Respecting our elders is one of the good aspects of our tradition. d. Our society has only bad and boring traditions. e. Discrimination on the basis of gender is the only bad tradition that we follow in Nepal. 2 Fill in the blanks. a. Nepal is a multi-racial, ........................and.......................country. b. People of Nepal belong to different....................................and ...............................groups c. Our unique language, dress, food, religion and festivals give us our..................................... d. Our different languages, festivals and food etc help us to ................................the bonding between us. e. In Nepal, there is................................in diversity. 3 Match the following: Sherpa people Religious event Extravagance Bad tradition Festivals Social event Dumji Social harmony New Year Chhath Social Studies - Book 5 39

4 Name these national prides of ours. Write few sentences on any one of them. W.................... R...................... F.......................... G.................... B...................... N.................... H...................... 5 Why are these people considered as good people of a society? Eg:- Teacher- Helps to educate others a. Farmer b. Doctor/Nurse c. Soldier d. Police man/woman e. Journalist 40 Social Studies - Book 5

UNIT SOCIAL PROBLEMS 3 AND SOLUTIONS Quit Bad Habits Anti-Social Activities Unnecessary Imitation Helpful Social Organizations Role of Local Bodies Forgiveness and Reconciliation

1LESSON QUIT BAD HABITS Objectives : After the completion of this lesson, students will be able to: n recognize and list the bad habits like smoking, gambling, etc. n aware the people about the bad effects of these habits. A habit is any action that we do again and again. A habit may be good or bad. Good habits are useful for both individual and social progress. On the other hand, bad habits harm our progress, social life and health. Some examples of bad habits are smoking cigarettes, chewing tobacco, drinking alcohol, quarrelling, gambling, stealing, etc. Let’s talk about two families in a village of Makwanpur district to know why good habits are desirable and bad habits are undesirable. When my grandfather sees anyone with bad habits, he tells them, “You’ll suffer one day like Bimala’s family.” Her father always drinks alcohol and smokes cigarettes. This leads to a fight in the family every day. He spends most of his income on cigarettes and alcohol. As a result, Bimala and her brother are unable to go to school and study. Her father now cannot afford to pay their school fees and buy books and school uniform for them. All the family members are disturbed. The situation of Bimala’s family is getting worse day by day. My grandfather always praises Pratistha’s family. She has a happy family. No one drinks alcohol, smoke cigarettes, chew tobacco or take drugs. They do not quarrel with each other. Everyone in that 42 Social Studies - Book 5

family is healthy and free of disease. As they are not into bad habits, they also save money from their income. The children in her family go to school and eat good food. They also learn good habits from the elders. They have good relations with everyone in the community. Pratistha and Bimala are good friends. Pratistha is sad that Bimala does not come to school anymore. One day Pratistha and her grandfather went to meet Bimala’s father. They tried to convince him to give up the habit of smoking and drinking. They told him about the harmful effect of alcohol, how it has affected his health and the condition of his family. He also warned him that people who take such things may suffer from tuberculosis, hepatitis and several other diseases. Bimala’s father also realized that it was his bad habit that was the cause of disturbance in the family and of his weakening health as well. He promised in the presence of everyone that he would never drink and smoke. These days there is peace and harmony in Bimala’s family. We must not be involved in bad habits. People with bad habits can suffer a lot in their life. They suffer from various diseases. They increase their expenses unnecessarily. Their social life gets disturbed and they start losing good friends. To have good and successful life, don’t let yourself get into bad habits, and those who have bad habits must give them up. Note to the Teacher: Discuss with the students about the bad habits and its effect on the people, family and the society with examples. Tell them how they can stay away from such bad habits with the help of a story. Social Studies - Book 5 43

KEY WORDS Desirable : necessary course of action Gambling : play game of chance for money Praises : express admiration Quarrelling : fighting Evaluation Exercises 1 Think and write. a) Imagine that an elder brother of yours has started smoking. Write in a few lines describing how you would convince him to stop this bad habit. b) Mention some of the bad habits people follow in your society or community. 2 Read the lesson and answer. a) Who has a happy and peaceful family? Why? b) Why are there quarrels in Bimala’s family? c) Who convinced Bimala’s father not to drink alcohol and smoke cigarettes? What was its result? d) What are the effects of consuming alcohol? 3 Draw a poster to show the effects of using alcohol or smoking. 4 Write the effects of bad habits on an individual, family and society. An Individual A Family The Society Cannot study properly Conflict in the family No peace in society Project Work Write short slogans on placards to make people aware about bad effects of alcohol and cigarettes. Then organize a rally in your community. 44 Social Studies - Book 5

LESSON ANTI-SOCIAL ACTIVITIESObjectives : 2 n take measures to protect themselves from anti-social activities. After the completion of this lesson, students will be able to: n be aware of anti-social activities like- theft, robbery, kidnapping, etc. Look at the men in the picture. They have been arrested by the police. Why do you think they are arrested? If your answer is those men must have committed a crime, you are absolutely right. They were caught red-handed kidnapping a wealthy man’s son. Kidnapping is an example of anti-social activity. Some other anti-social activities are theft, robbery, fighting, destruction of other’s property, extortion, murder, abduction, etc. They are different types of crimes. People involved in these bad activities are called criminals. The news about anti-social activities frequently appears in daily newspapers. Here is a news story from a Nepalese newspaper. Let us read it to find out what bad activities occur in our community. The crimes that news story Theft at Janakpur talk about is increasing 2020, January 22: A thief was caught when they in our society. There are were trying to steal the jewellery and other property from Rajani Yadav’s house in Janakpur. many reasons behind Last night at 2 pm while Rajani’s family members the occurrence of these were sleeping, the thieves entered into the house. crimes. Some of these Rajani’s neighbour Dhaniklal saw the thieves entering incidents occur because the house through the window and he called the of the carelessness of police. He also informed all the neighbours. Soon the police arrived there and caught the thief. The police thanked Dhaniklal for the information. Social Studies - Book 5 45

the individuals. Some other reasons are unemployment, poverty, gambling, drinking alcohol, taking drugs, etc and unnecessary competitions. Some people want to have a luxurious life without working. They have great desire to show off unnecessarily and compete with others. Here are some safety measures to stop such anti-social activities in our society. • We should close the windows and doors well before leaving the house. • We should inform our nearest neighbour before going out. We should request to watch out the house in our absence. • We should not allow unknown persons straight into the house. We should make necessary inquiries. • We must keep valuable things of the house in a proper and safe place. We should keep our money in a bank. • We should not carry a lot of cash and valuables while travelling long distance. • We should inform the police immediately if suspicious people are seen in places like home, shop, bank, etc. • We should not eat anything given to us by a stranger while travelling. Anti-social activities cause harm to the society. They disturb social harmony. People feel insecure when they have to suffer from these activities. That’s why we have to control anti-social activities and promote social activities. Note to the Teacher: Ask the students to talk about the anti-social activity which they have seen or heard. Let them discuss the measures to avoid such ill activities. Make them aware to inform the nearby police station if any such anti-social activities occur in their community. 46 Social Studies - Book 5

KEY WORDS Abduction : an act of taking someone forcefully Arrested : take someone to custody by police Committed : to carry out a crime Extortion : obtaining money through force or threats Insecure : not sure or certain Kidnapping : abducting someone for money Luxurious : extremely comfortable Suspicious : suspect something wrong Evaluation Exercises 1 Think and write. a) Collect the news about any one anti-social activity from the newspaper and present it in the class. 2 Write True for right and False for wrong statements. a) One who commits crimes is called a social worker. b) We should eat the food offered by unknown persons while we are travelling. c) We should go to a crowded place carrying a lot of money. d) We should close the doors and windows of our house and inform the closest neighbour while we leave home. e) We should inform the police if any anti-social activity takes place in our locality. 3 Read the lesson and answer. a) What are anti-social activities? b) What are the causes of anti-social activities? c) What measures should be taken to protect ourselves from anti-social activities? d) What are those people called who commit crimes? Social Studies - Book 5 47

3LESSON UNNECESSARY IMITATION Objectives : After the completion of this lesson, students will be able to: n identify the negative impact of other culture and avoid following them blindly. n appreciate one’s own culture and preserve them. Four years ago, Hari had a simple life. He lived in a village. He liked his own rituals and festivals. He happily participated in each of them. He enjoyed wearing Daura-Suruwal, Istakot and Topi. He liked going to the fairs and festivals. He liked to sing folk songs and dance on the beat of the madal. He was the winner of dohori competition in his school. When it came to food, he liked roti, dhindo and gundruk. He often spoke about working for the development of the village. He also advised his friends to protect and preserve one’s culture. His love for his own language, dress, food and culture was praised by the villagers. Soon after Hari completed his school education, he went to a city for higher studies. City life has changed Hari a lot. He is no more the Hari of his village. He changed his name to Harry. Now his preferences on food, dress, language and culture have changed. He now prefers to sing and dance on foreign language songs. He watches foreign movies only. He prefers to wear western clothes. He no more goes to temples or participates in local festivals; instead he prefers to hang out at bars, restaurants with his city friends for drinking or gambling. He now feels ashamed to sing dohori or dress himself in daura-suruwal. 48 Social Studies - Book 5

While at village, his aim was to be a social worker. He had promised to work for the progress of the people in the village after he completed his higher education. But he has forgotten his promise. He has now found joy in movies, internet, mobile phones and friends, forgetting all about his studies and aim. What do you think about Hari? Is it good to forget our own culture and tradition? There is no harm in adopting good things from the other culture, but this does not mean that we should completely discard our culture. It is understandable that we need to change according to place and time, and be familiar with every other culture and tradition of the world. To some extent it is fine, but it is wrong to pretend and behave like others and forget our own culture. We must preserve our identity. Every community has its own festivals, rituals, folk songs, dances, clothes and food. We are proud of all these things as they reflect our culture and tradition. Unnecessary imitation of others’ culture is not good and can ruin the importance of our own culture and tradition. KEY WORDS Bars : a place where drinks are served Discard : abandon Imitation : copy from somebody else Praise : express warm approval Ruin : destroyed Note to the Teacher: Discuss with the students about the positive aspects of culture and traditions practiced in their society. Explain to them the disadvantage of following other’s culture blindly. Social Studies - Book 5 49

Evaluation Exercises 1 Think and write. a) What do you like and not like about your culture and why? b) Mention any four traditions and social practices that we should avoid and follow in the table given below. Tradition we should avoid Tradition we should follow 2 What was Hari like in the past and what changes has come over him at present? In the past At present 3 What suggestions would you like to give to Hari? Mention any four suggestions. 4 What are the things that encourage people to imitate? For example: Television Project Work List out the traditions that are originally ours and the ones that are adopted from the foreign culture. Discuss your findings in your class. 50 Social Studies - Book 5