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WEST BENGAL MY EL DORADO



WEST BENGAL MY EL DORADO Mamata Banerjee

4 West Bengal My El Dorado 4

West Bengal My El Dorado 5 PREFACE For me, in many ways, my life has been a journey: a journey into, and with, West Bengal. The journey has been for my Discovery of Bengal. I have discovered Bengal in my own way. This book is a story of that discovery. Rabindranath Tagore once famously wrote (freely translated by me): “I travelled miles, for many years, I spent a lot in far-away lands, I have gone to see the mountains, I have gone to see the oceans. Yet I failed to see with my eyes opened that which lies only two steps away from my home: Upon a corn of paddy grain, A tiny drop of dew.” It is in these tiny drops of dew on the green corn fields of my State that I have discovered Bengal over the years. That is my Bengal, my Biswa Bangla. Another great poet of my land, Jibanananda Das, went further. He said (as translated by Clinton B Seely): “I have gazed at Bengal’s face, and hence the world’s beauty, I no longer go to seek” 5

West Bengal My El Dorado 6 I do not go to that extent. Indeed, I have seen many parts of our planet, and I remain mesmerized by the beauty of the mother earth. Yet, for me, Biswa Ban- gla is the most precious part of the globe, my most favourite corner in the earth. Bengal is my home, my nest: I belong here, and I keep on discovering its face. I have trekked through the Himalayas. I have climbed innumerable peaks in the Darjeeling and the Kalimpong hills. I have crossed countless num- ber of rivers in the foothills and the Dooars. I have spent hundreds of nights in the jungles of my State. I have stayed in cottages and tents, in forests and on mountain tops, on the banks of rivers and rivulets, on seaside, in tea gardens. I have visited hundreds of temples, mosques, gurudwaras, churches and other shrines, paid my respect to countless number of adi- vasi places of worship. I have taken part in virtually all the festivals of the State and seen what amazing spectacles they are. I have mingled with craftsmen, artisans and folk artists of my State and seen the majesty of the products of our crafts guilds. And amidst all this, while I travelled from point to point, on land, by water, and by air, I realized that I was discovering the emergence of a new Bengal in front of my eyes: a Bengal that is veritably a paradise for tourists. It is with this deep personal spiritual realization that I have embarked on this project of writing a booklet on tourism in West Bengal. 6

CONTENT Sl No. Content Page No. 1. Introduction : My Vision for Tourism in Bengal 8 2. Pillar and Policies of Bengal Tourism 12 3. Our Culture Tourism 18 4. Our Crafts Tourism 26 5. Our Religious Tourism 36 6. Our Tea Tourism 62 7. Our Heritage Tourism 64 8. Our River Tourism 76 9. Homestays of Bengal 78 10. Rajbaries of Bengal 80 11. Wildlife of Bengal 84 12. Himalayas and Dooars : At a Glance 96 13. Coastal Bengal : At a Glance 106 14. Our Achievements 114 15. Our Initiatives 120

8 West Bengal My El Dorado INTRODUCTION : MY VISION FOR TOURISM IN BENGAL 8

West Bengal My El Dorado 9 The potential of West Bengal as a tourism reflect the true potential of the State as a tourism destination has always captivated me, not only destination. Considering the key role that could be because of the diversity in its natural beauty that played by tourism as an economic driver of the the state offers from the majestic Himalayas to the State, I focused on the development of tourism mystic Sundarbans , cultural heritage and the range sector with a vision – “To develop West Bengal as of tourism experiences but also due to the capability one of the most preferred tourist destinations while of tourism sector to emerge as an economic driver generating gainful employment, enhancing economic in the state’s development. I have always felt that opportunities and providing quality tourism facilities, the strength of West Bengal emanating from its services and enriched tourist experience.” Tourism natural beauty and its tangible and intangible cultural Infrastructure including Guest Houses, Hotels, heritage is a blessing and I feel proud and fortunate Motels, Industry friendly Policies, recognition in to be born in this beautiful land. Tourism as a sector domestic and International platforms as an all has the potential to uplift the life of people across weather tourism destination, attractive branding, the State and provide multiple opportunities to boost visibility on the social media platforms, improving the local economy and generate jobs for the local connectivity and provision of way side amentities youth. Moreover this part of the country has seen were emphasized upon. When I started visiting many upheavals and footprints from Europe which districts during the early days of taking over the have left their indelible imprints in the state whether reins in the state, I found the distinct lack of tourism that be of the French, British, Armenians, Dutch infrastructure across the state. There were hardly any or Portugese. The colonial influence contributed places to stay or hold meetings for officials, public toward history, heritage, cuisine, literature, art and representatives and tourists. Then began the drive to music in this land and has helped evolve a separate upgrade tourism infrastructure in the state including tourism trajectory in this state. construction of new properties across the state. I I am honored to be part of the State of West Bengal’s am happy to announce that as on today there are growth journey over the past decade. The state 35 state government tourism properties across West has not only emerged as a powerhouse in eastern Bengal which provide clean and comfortable stay India but has also established itself as a leading to all guests across the world. The budget of the state in India in the past decade. The GDP of State Tourism Department was raised 10 times to upgrade has witnessed steady growth over the past decade tourism infrastructure in the state. Our state is also boosted by development across sectors. Tourism home to UNESCO World Heritage Sites like the is one of the key sectors which has evolved over Sunderbans and the Darjeeling Himalayan Railway the past decade and has been a key contributor to and finally the recognition of Durga Puja on the the state’s GSDP, contributing 12.6% to its GSDP. Representative list of Cultural Heritage of humanity This highlights the key contribution of tourism in by the UNESCO is a testament to our rich cultural the State’s development. This achievement has been and historical heritage. made possible by the continuous effort of the State As I reflect upon some of key moments on this Government to develop the tourism sector in the journey , the book also provides an elaborate state since 2011. overview on all the developments and efforts Understanding the need to elevate the state’s undertaken for the State to reach its true potential ranking and its presence in the country and the as a tourism destination. The Homestay Sector has world’s tourism map, I realized that there are some emerged as a movement within the state. It provides areas which need to be prioritized in the tourism comfortable, personalized and budget friendly stays sector. In 2011, the State had witnessed an overall to the tourists on the one hand and boosts the rural tourist footfall of around 2.3 crore, and it did not economy on the other hand. The Homestay Policy 9

10 West Bengal My El Dorado formalized the home stay concept and enabled The Bengali heart always beats in reverence to the growth in remote locations, preservation of local worship of Shree Jagannath. I have always found skills, enterprise development at the micro level Bengalis whenever I have visited Puri and many of thereby ensuring inclusive growth and sustainable us in the state like to visit the Jagannath Mandir each environment management since the homestays year to pay our respects. You will be happy to learn are considered as the best alternative to hotel that Shree JAGANNATH DHAM SANSKRITI accommodation. The Tourist Guides Certification KENDRA planned at Digha will be a major Scheme and the Guidelines for recognition of contributor to spiritual tourism into the state . The Tourism Service Providers i.e., travel agent, tour mandir complex will be almost identical with the operators etc were introduced for the first time in West Bengal in accordance with prevalent tourism global standards to provide confidence to incoming tourists and boost local employment. To boost the State’s tourism ecosystem, key policies such as the Tourism Incentive Scheme has been revised and a new Tourism Policy for holistic development of the sector has been introduced. The policies led to development of tourism infrastructure, tourist & religious circuits and destinations. One of the key projects developed under PPP mode included the integrated tourism hub – “Bhorer Alo” at Gajaldoba which has been conceptualized during our regime to boost tourism in North Bengal. It is today one of the most iconic projects in North Bengal where you can view the majestic Kanchenjunga standing in the plains and has tourists flocking to it all year round. Cutural Tourism received a fillip during covid. At Jagannath Dham at Puri . There will be Gopuram, a time when the travelling across the country and Bhogmandap, Natmandir , Jagomohan ,Vimana, and overseas reduced considerably or came to a halt, the Prasadham hall with identical architectural finish tourism industry faced its biggest challenge. The with the original temple at puri. The campus of over others among the many who were hit were the folk 22 acres is adjacent to Digha Railway Station which artists of Bengal, the Lok Prasar Shilpis. It was at is on the main road connecting Old Digha and New this time that I felt the need to converge the two and Digha. This temple is being built by sandstone of making both the sectors stronger. The folk artists Banshipaharpur, Rajasthan over concrete shell. The started performing in tourist properties across the state and the tourists lapped up this unique display of art and culture. The folk artists, who were unable to travel to any location for their performances at this time got an opening to showcase their art and this sustained them during the bleak times. Kiosks displaying and selling handicraft items from the state have been put up in the tourism properties. 10

West Bengal My El Dorado 11 Jagannath temple at Digha is made to welcome over a spectacular success with stalls, a variety of food an average 3000 visitors daily. and programmes, with impressive footfall which is The celebration of Durga Puja, one of the important almost doubling each year. festivals in the state, has won recognition from To ensure a holistic development of the State’s UNESCO and brings in participation from all sections tourism potential, inter departmental projects such of the society. Red Road Carnival is the biggest event as Jungle and Bengal Safari, showcasing of local art in the State of West Bengal very year post the Durga and culture at tourism properties and heritage walks Puja festival and witnesses participation from all the were conceptualized. These initiatives have been a huge success leveraging the natural strengths of the major Durga Puja organizers showcasing the idols state and showcasing the rich heritage and culture of from across Kolkata and is a major tourist attraction. the State. Our efforts have led to a significant growth Christmas is celebrated each year with much gaiety in overall tourist footfall increasing five folds from 2.3 across the state and the State Government celebrates crore to XX crore from 2011. We have also won many the Festival during the last two weeks of December awards and accolades in recent years as a testimony at Park street and Allen Park with music, food, and to our efforts. lights. The Kolkata Christmas Festival has become The State Government set up the State Institute of Hotel Management at Durgapur, Aarohan to train students in the field of Hotel administration and hospitality 2018.I named it Aarohan and it presently has 120 students studying there. 122 students have since passed out of the institution and found placement in institutions in the state and overseas. A 360 degree marketing campaign was initiated to increase the visibility of the State with the tourists and the Department of Tourism rebranded the State from “Beautiful Bengal” to “Experience Bengal – Sweetest part of India”. The State government moved with an aim to promote West Bengal not only with regards to its geographical diversity, but also as an exceptional amalgamation of culture and heritage. Through this booklet, I wish to echo the beauty in diversity wherein I wish to inspire you to come and visit the State and experience our commitment in ensuring that everyone has an adventurous yet comfortable stay at West Bengal filled with the quaint mountain ranges, or the lazy walks at the beach; you can choose to opt for the diverse heritage walks, or only have a taste at the rich cuisines of Bengal, do remember to end with the popular sweets of Bengal. Come experience it yourself! Experience Bengal. The Sweetest Part of India. 11

12 West Bengal My El Dorado PILLAR AND The State of West POLICIES OF Bengal has the essence of rich tourism sector with its rich traditional and cultural heritage, a myriad of mountains and the opulence of nature’s bounties, like finest beaches in the South Bengal, serene hill stations along the Himalayas in the North Bengal, and the eco tourism opportunities with bio diversity, and the State’s native flora and fauna. BENGAL TOURISM 12

West Bengal My El Dorado 13 Over the last few years, We have seen an exponential architectural designs and European Buildings are a growth in the domestic and international sublime attraction. The state is also best known for tourists arrivals in the State, and West Bengal its cuisine, sweets and street food. emerged as one of the major tourist destinations in Today, tourism is gradually evolving as one of the the Country. most important drivers of the State’s economy. Thus, the State of West Bengal is one of the The Travel and Hospitality sector’s contribution culturally most diverse states of India. West Bengal to West Bengal GDP including spillovers to boasts of different ethnicities, cultures, religions, other sectors is estimated at around 12% as people and languages which add to its variety. against the national average of 9.6%. The secor Geographically, the State encompasses two broad is also one of the main pillars of employment natural regions; The Gangetic Plains in the South generation in the State, offering wide range of and the sub-Himalayan and Himalayan area employment across hotels, restaurants, food chain to its North. It can be termed Mini India as it has outlets, cloud kitchen and hospitality value chain. almost all the geographical features. Some of these The State Government is keen to strengthen the features are unique (e.g. UNESCO World Heritage sector which is likely to have a spillover effect by way site of Sunderbans delta, tea plantations, wetlands, of creating livelihood opportunities and boosting sea and beaches, Dooars, mountains, wildlife, river, the local economy. Each district has its own forests and what not. In the year 2021, the Durga unique tourism resource and there is immense Puja of Kolkata has been awarded by the UNESCO potential to utilize it with the help of the private Intangible Cultural Heritage. It all gives the State a sector. huge competitive advantage. The architectural heritage of West Bengal is In 2021, Durga Puja has been included in the significant; Terracotta Temples with its intricate UNESCO’s representative list of Intangible cultural heritage for humanity. It is an annual festival 13

14 West Bengal My El Dorado celebrated in September or October, most notably iv. Presence of major hotel, hospitality chains in Kolkata and also in 0ther parts of West Bengal. and restaurants with multiplying investments During the event, the divides of class, religion and in hotel infrastructure. Kolkata, the capital of ethnicities collapse as crowds of spectators walk the State has more than 4000 upscale hotel around to admire the celebration. rooms with 67% occupancy rate, the third best in the Country. As per the India Tourism statistics released by the Ministry of Tourism, Govt of India last year, v. Impressive connectivity vial International West Bengal is the 5th state in terms of the highest airports in Kolkata and Bagdogra, and the Foreign Tourist Arrival (FTA) and this is bound to country’s first private sector greenfield airport grow phenomenally with direct flight connections at Andal, the ports in Kolkata and Haldia. The with Europe and the USA, for which we would like State also has the third largest road coverage to jointly work with you. and the largest rail density among the Indian The major growth drivers of the sectors are : states. i. The only State to combine the triple travel thrills vi. The State is a major destination for high of the mountains in the North, the Gangetic end speciality and super speciality medical plains, the world’s largest mangrove islands in facilities in the eastern India and countries like the Sundarbans, and the rich coastlines along Bangladesh, Nepal and Bhutan, and is the hub the Bay of Bengal in the South. for quality education with the presence of IIT, ii. Access to diverse portfolio of niche tourism IIM, NIT and the Presidency University and products – cruises, rural and religious tourism, the private universities. culture, heritage, adventure, wellness, medical and education, homestay, eco tourism, sports, With these backdrop, the State endeavours MICE, film etc the following positioning strategy to boost the iii. The epitome of a perfect blend between Tourism in larger perspective : the traditional and modern day culture, the State’s traditional carnivals such as Durga  Cruise Outsourcing – Given the Puja, Kolkata Christmas festival, Poush Mela, number of rivers and innumerable water Ganga Sagar Mela and many more. bodies in the State, there is a huge scope for developing different water-based sports including river cruises and house- boating excursions. Private players do 14

West Bengal My El Dorado 15 have a big opportunity here. purpose.  City Based Tourism – There are a  Medical and Wellness Tourism – number of historic cities in the State of Bengal has beautiful mountains and the West Bengal where multiple layers of Dooars which serve as ideal locations our rich civilization with footprints of for wellness services. Apart from this, foreign settlers could be experienced. top class hospitals with competitive This is palpably evident in its tangible rates and lower waiting time make it and intangible heritage at these locations. a preferred destination for availing  The Department of Tourism has medical services. undertaken initiatives such as Integrated City Pass in order to facilitate online  Ease of Doing Business- As far as ease access to several prominent Tourist of doing business is concerned, the State Hot Spots of Kolkata and propose to ranked 9th in Ease of Doing Business introduce the Hop on Hop off Tourist index. For operating businesses, the Bus Service covering a fixed route State has introduced a single window surrounding the historic BBD Bag area system for fast-tracking all kinds of wherein the British had first settled in permissions required for setting up a the 17th Century. unit under travel and hospitality sector.  The Department is also undertaken illuminating the Heritage Buildings in  Incentive Scheme – The West Bengal Kolkata in collaboration with different Incentive Scheme, 2021 has been stakeholders. There is, in fact, a huge introduced for Tourism Units to be opportunity for private investment set up in the State and is applicable to in Heritage Walking Tours & Stays, eligible tourism units and projects along Heritage Cruises, Culinary Tourist with the extension plans for the existing Walks and Tourist Bus Services. The projects. Incentives such as State Department will be more than happy Capital Investment Subsidy, Interest to extend the requisite hand-holding Subsidy, Waiver of Electricity Duty, support as might be required for the Additional Incentive on Generation of Employment, and Additional Incentives for Adventure Tour Operators among 15

16 West Bengal My El Dorado others are extended for encouraging plus home stays have registered with the different tourism-related activities Department and there is ample scope across West Bengal. for new home stays and improvement of  Quantum of Project Investment infrastructure of the existing home stays in West Bengal – The state is with the help of private partnership. working towards improving the basic  Industry Status to Tourism in West infrastructure and implementing newer Bengal – The Department is exploring projects to give thrust to the sector. the possibility of providing Industry Tourism is likely to see an investment Status to the Tourism Sector which will of more than Rs 5,000 crore over the push growth and private investment in next three years from the private and the sector so as to encourage and attract public sectors. The target is to increase private sector investments and create the “number of inbound traffic from a favourable environment to leverage 100 million to 300 million per year. West private sector expertise like resources, Bengal is already at number 6 when it skills, innovativeness, flexibility, and comes to domestic tourist arrivals. capacity.  Quantum of Private Investment  Intangible Cultural Heritage - This –The State is keen on promoting narrative will protect Bengal’s rich private partnership in the sector and cultural heritage and boost livelihood has formed six Sub-Committees on generation through entrepreneurship specific sub-sectors of Tourism such as development and local community Adventure Tourism, Eco Tourism, River involvement. There is immense scope Tourism, MICE Tourism, Heritage for promoting tourism-based activities & Cultural Tourism and Rural & Tea with a focus on Bengal’s Intangible Tourism with representatives from Cultural Heritage. Examples: Patachitra the industry with a view to formulate Scroll Painters’ Village in Naya, better policy architecture through wider Pingla; Fakirs’ Village in Gorbhanga & consultations. This is beside the two Jalangi etc. tourism promotion task forces for the  Tangible Cultural Heritage – The state and North Bengal region. terracotta temples built across Bengal  Tourist Guides – A Pool of 3000+ New in the late medieval period, the historic and Existing Trained Tourist Guides Zamindari estates spread across the certified by the Department of Tourism State including Narajole, Chakdighi etc., under the Tourist Guide Certification the Heritage Buildings built during the Scheme in association with Utkarsh colonial rule in Bengal, the Buddhist Bangla in Hybrid mode is available for circuit and many more have immense utilization by all the private operators scope of private engagement in intending to engage in tourism-based promoting tourism-related activities. activities in the State.  Religious Tourism – The greatest  Home Stay – Standardization of festival Durga Puja wherein all religious Home Stay amenities and service and social barriers, folk art forms, music delivery has been initiated by the and literary excellence melt with one Tourism Department. More than 2000 another is celebrated with pomp and 16

West Bengal My El Dorado 17 grandeur, making the state a tourist’s private partnerships in this venture. delight. The Durga Puja in Kolkata has  Heritage Villas & Home Stays for recently been inscribed in UNESCO’s Representative List of the Intangible Accommodation – The Zamindar Cultural Heritage of Humanity. Apart Baris, Bonedi Baris, Heritage Tea from Durga Puja, West Bengal is known Garden Villas and Heritage Home Stays for the Shaktipeeths, Gangasagar Mela, of West Bengal can be utilized fruitfully Basanta Utsav and various other festivals with sufficient scope for private throughout the year. Private investment partnerships. Heritage stays have proved in the hospitality sector surrounding to be of high demand in the recent past. religious tourism across West Bengal  Ropeways – Investments in Cable Cars has significant opportunities. at identified Tourist Destinations of  Tea Tourism – The Tea Tourism and Purulia, Darjeeling, Kalimpong etc. are Allied Business Policy, 2019 has been worth exploring. introduced with the aim of generating enhanced investments and employment Our government has framed some important policies opportunities for sustainable and for a focused approach to various sub-sectors of inclusive economic development by way Tourism and facilitate the ease of doing business. of effective utilization of vacant and 1. West Bengal Tourism Policy 2019. surplus land in Tea Gardens without 2. Tea Tourism Policy 2019 any compromising the area under tea 3. West Bengal Homestay Tourism Policy plantation.  Art & Craft Villages – The emerging 2017 amended in 2019 arena of Tourism where people can visit/ 4. Recognition of Tourism Services stay in these villages and experience the traditional crafts along with the lifestyle Providers, 2021 of the artisans. Example- Kushmandi 5. West Bengal Tourist Guides Certification for Gambhira Masks, Nutangram for Wooden Dolls, Charida for Chhau Scheme 2021 masks, Bikna for Dhokra artwork, 6. Revised Incentive Policy for the Tourism Panchmura for Terracotta Horses etc.  Eco Tourism – The eco-tourism Industry, 2021 locations for the promotion of Some Additional Policies that are currently in sustainable eco-tourism ventures is pipeline: spread across North Bengal, Purulia, 1. Draft – WB Eco Tourism Policy Jhargram and Sunderbans. Being rich 2. Draft – Adventure Tourism Policy in Biodiversity, the State has immense 3. Draft – Heritage Tourism Policy investment potential in Eco Tourism. 4. Draft – Rural Tourism Policy  Souvenir Outlets – To promote local 5. Draft – PPP Policy traditional crafts of West Bengal, the 6. Draft – Caravan Tourism Policy State proposes to introduce Souvenir 7. Draft – River Cruise Tourism Policy Shops across prominent locations 8. Draft – Health & Wellness Tourism and there is sufficient opportunity for Policy These are the pillars and policies of Bengal Tourism, meant to implement my vision of tourism in my state. 17

18 West Bengal My El Dorado OUR CULTURE TOURISM West Bengal, with its diverse communities and traditions, is a hub for cultural tourism. From the iconic Victoria Memorial in Kolkata to the pristine Darjeeling hills, the state offers a unique blend of traditional and modern cultural experiences. In this chapter, we will delve into the cultural tourism of West Bengal and explore the various attractions and experiences that make this state a popular destination for tourists. 18

West Bengal My El Dorado 19 Cultural tourism in West Bengal is a celebration of cultivation in the region. Additionally, the hills also the diverse traditions and cultures that exist in the offer breathtaking views and a perfect escape from state. From the colourful and vibrant Durga Puja the city. The state also offers several opportunities celebrations to the traditional folk dances and music, for adventure sports and trekking, making it an the state is a melting pot of cultural experiences. The ideal destination for tourists looking for an state also boasts of a rich history, with numerous adrenaline rush. monuments and historic sites that attract a large In conclusion, the cultural tourism of West Bengal is number of visitors each year. The Victoria Memorial, a unique blend of tradition and modernity, offering built in memory of Queen Victoria, is one of the visitors a chance to experience the rich cultural most popular tourist attractions in Kolkata and heritage and history of the state. From historic showcases the rich colonial heritage of the city. monuments to scenic hills and vibrant cultural West Bengal is also renowned for its tea gardens experiences, West Bengal is a must-visit destination and scenic hills, which provide a perfect backdrop for tourists who want to immerse themselves in the for cultural tourism. Darjeeling, a popular hill culture and traditions of India. In this chapter, we will station, is home to several tea plantations and offers explore the various cultural tourism opportunities in visitors a unique opportunity to experience the West Bengal and provide an in-depth understanding tea-making process and learn about the history of tea of what makes this state a popular destination for tourists. 19

20 West Bengal My El Dorado Notable Destinations SANTINIKETAN Shantiniketan is a town in West Bengal, India, known for its Visva-Bharati University established by Nobel Laureate Rabindranath Tagore. It was previously called Bhubandanga and was owned by the Tagore family. In 1862, Tagore’s father, Maharshi Debendranath Tagore, stumbled upon a serene landscape and founded an Ashram there, naming it Shantiniketan. Today, it attracts thousands of visitors annually. POUSH MELA Poush Mela is a popular annual fair in Birbhum, India, held at the end of December to mark the foundation day of Shantiniketan. The week-long festival draws thousands of tourists from around the world to experience the diverse blend of cultures, local music and dance, and the rich heritage of Bengal countryside. Holi and other festivals like Barsha Mangal and Halakarshan Utsav are also celebrated with colour and excitement. The fair offers a unique blend of local traditions and handicrafts, making it a true showcase of Bengal’s heritage and a must-visit destination for cultural enthusiasts. BASANTA UTSAV The Dol or Holi festival is a celebrated part of Bengali and Indian culture, but the Basanta Utsav in Shantiniketan is unique with a special way of celebration. The Holi in Santiniketan is romantic, pleasant, and special, attracting visitors from all over the world. The festival is made even more delightful by the participation of students. Rabindranath Tagore started Basanta Utsav in Shantiniketan with dance, recitation, music and tibbers to add a new dimension to the festivities. It’s also known as Dol Jatra or Dol Utsav and is now celebrated as the Rabindrik Basanta Utsav. Today, the Basanta Utsav at Santiniketan is a grand fiesta, not just a local or university program. 20

West Bengal My El Dorado 21 TRIBAL DANCE Birbhum District is a blend of indigenous and alien of Vaishnavism and Sufism. Bauls, who earn a living cultures due to its diverse population. The focus through singing and collecting alms, are inclusive of of Vaishnava and Shakta Padabali poets was the all castes and creeds. Tagore was deeply influenced diverse culture and rural society of Birbhum from by bauls and his works reflect Baul philosophy. prehistoric times. However, post-independence, Birbhum is the hub of Bengal’s folk culture, with a folk culture gained prominence and was augmented confluence of Vaishnav, Shakta, and Shaiva cultures by the contribution of bauls and their philosophy and worship of Gramadevata and Dharma Thakur. and music. Baulism is a liberal philosophy and The folks of Birbhum represent the spirit of rural lifestyle that conforms to the ideals of Sahajyan and Bengal. Vajrayan movements, supplemented by influences BAUL Bauls are mystical minstrels from Bengal who use music to express their syncretic religious beliefs. The group is diverse, with members being mostly Vaishnavite Hindus and Sufi Muslims. Bauls are recognized by their unique clothing and instruments such as the ektara. Despite their small number, they have a significant impact on Bengal’s culture and were recognized as a “Masterpiece of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity” by UNESCO in 2005. 21

22 West Bengal My El Dorado JAYDEV KENDULI Jaydev Kenduli is a village by the Ajay River in Bolpur, associated with the poet Jayadev. He’s believed to have been a court poet of Raja Lakshman Sen and is famous for composing the Sanskrit Gita Govinda. The Jaydev Kenduli Baul Mela is an annual 3-day fair on Makar Sankranti (usually January 14th but on January 15th in leap years) that starts on the last day of Poush and continues through the 2nd Magh. MURSHIDABAD The last capital city of independent Bengal before British rule was named after Nawab Murshid Quli Khan, the Dewan of Bengal, Bihar and Odisha. Situated on the banks of the Bhagirathi, it is a city of splendour and is famous for its silk. It was made the capital of Bengal in 1717. The British shifted the capital to Kolkata in 1773. Plassey (Palashi), where the historic battle was fought in 1757 between Nawab Siraj-ud-Doula and Lord Clive of the East India Company, is only 40 km south of Murshidabad. BISHNUPUR Bishnupur is a town in the Bankura District of West Bengal and located at about 132 km from Kolkata. It is famous for its terracotta temples and Baluchari saris. The town has a glorious past that is reflected in its rich architecture, music and handicrafts such as pottery and weaving. It prospered in the 17th and early 18th centuries. Ruled by a line of Hindu Rajas of the Malla dynasty, Bishnupur developed a unique form of architecture and has perhaps the most brilliant and detailed terracotta work in Eastern India that has withstood the ravages of time. 22

West Bengal My El Dorado 23 BISHNUPUR ARTS The most famous art form of Bishnupur is terracotta work. Apart from the temples, terracotta pottery, artefacts and jewellery are popular. One of the most exquisite saris in India called the Baluchari saris is created by craftsmen of this place. The silk strands are dyed separately and then put into a loom. One sari may have an entire episode from the Mahabharata woven into its border and ‘pallu’. Bishnupur is also famous for the metal craft, popularly known as ‘Dokra’. BISHNUPUR MUSIC FESTIVAL Home to terracotta temples, Baluchari saris and Bengal’s only classical music gharana, Bishnupur is a delight for music and art lovers. Every February, the Department of Tourism, Govt. of West Bengal and the Musicians of Bengal proudly showcase the culture and history of one of the most prolific gharanas in the country at the Bishnupur Music Festival. ISKCON TEMPLE Also known as Sri Sri Radha Madhav Sundar Mandir, this temple was built by ISKCON, which stands for International Society for Krishna Consciousness. With a grand temple, beautiful campus and soothing ambiance, this temple is a must visit for everyone. BENGAL SAFARI - NORTH BENGAL WILD ANIMALS PARK An animal safari park has been inaugurated in Shorea, near Siliguri in north Bengal. The 700-acre park houses 15 sambar deer, 15 barking deer, 120 spotted deer, one male rhino, wild boars, jungle fowl, jungle cats, and golden and silver pheasants. The park is set to have 250 animals by the end of the year and offer elephant rides. Tourists will be taken on guided trips in covered vehicles. The park will boost tourism in north Bengal, which is already developing the Teesta Tourism Hub in Jalpaiguri and new infrastructure in Sukna near Siliguri. The park will be an added attraction for tourists, wildlife enthusiasts, and Siliguri residents. 23

24 West Bengal My El Dorado PURULIA Purulia is a land of natural beauty. The lush green landscape, verdant hills and dense forests make it a perfect tourist destination that gives a rustic ambience and peaceful surroundings to weary city dwellers. This westernmost district of West Bengal unravels her untapped mystery and wondrous beauty. The landscape is rocky and undulating. The tourism of Purulia centres round its hills, forests as well as its archeological excavations and the relics of ancient buildings and temples. Tribal ethos enriches the mystic charm and natural beauty of this land of red soil and red blooms of Palash. The region is home to different tribal communities like Santhals, Kurmis, Kherias-Sabars to name a few. Song and dance are an intrinsic part in the lives of the tribal people. JHUMUR Jhumur songs and dance are popular among artisan communities like Kurmi, Kumhaar, Rajwar, Ghatoal, Hari, Muchi, Dom etc and tribal communities like Santhal, Munda, Oraon, Kharia, Birharh tribes. Jhumur is known for its lyrical and literary significance because of the use of ancient language. Different Jhumur songs are sung at different times of the year. As for example Chaitali is sung in the month of Chaitra (spring), Bhaduria is sung in the month of Bhadra. Jhumur songs are very popular even today. MURGUMA DAM Tribal town, reachable by auto from Purulia and Jharkhand stations, offers scenic spots like Kenkechi Hill, Murguma Dam Lake, and woods. Winter is ideal for those who love cold nights, but warm clothing is necessary. After sunset, temperature drops to 5 to 6°C, with evening temperatures reaching 3°C. Visitors who can’t swim should avoid the deep dam, but visiting at full moon is a unique experience. Enjoy a jungle trek to a nearby tribal village or a hill- top walk surrounded by greenery. 24

West Bengal My El Dorado 25 DUARSINI Duarsini is a small tribal village in the Puruliya district, 13 km from Burdwan. It’s a peaceful escape from touristy places with its picturesque setting surrounded by rolling hills and lush greenery of the Dalma Hills. Wildlife enthusiasts will love the variety of animals in the Dalma Forest, including bears, wolves, boars, and birds. You may even spot elephants. Spend quiet time on the banks of the Satgurang River. Hear the rhythmic beats of madol drums at night. The area has a number of tribal villages, including Santhals, Shabaradh, Kheriya, and Munda tribes. The village has no electricity, but offers three cottages run by West Bengal Forest Department with traditional tribal design. SAHEB BANDH Saheb Bandh is a 50-acre lake in Purulia known for its mid-19th century construction by convicts under Colonel Tikley’s direction during the British Raj. It took five years to complete and is now a popular spot for birdwatchers during migratory season when birds flock from places like Balochistan, Siberia, and Europe. 25

26 West Bengal My El Dorado OUR CRAFTS TOURISM Bengal’s folk art defies easy categorization. The designs are often particular to a specific region; some pieces carry the imprint of outside influences, ancient and modern. Sometimes an entire village will specialise in a particular craft tradition, with artistic styles and techniques passed from one generation to the next. 26

West Bengal My El Dorado 27 DOKRA METAL CASTING Dokra work, also known as Cire per due or lost wax process of casting, is an ancient metal casting technique. This craft is still alive among tribal people who have settled in scattered areas of the state. The products are popular for their simple yet enchanting folk-motifs and forceful form. The name Dokra refers to nomadic craftsmen in Bengal, Orissa, and Madhya Pradesh known for their beautifully shaped and decorated metal products. The nomadic craftsmen have since settled in areas of Burdwan, and Bankura, in West Bengal, but only a few families still practise the craft. The process involves creating a replica of the desired product with wax on a clay core, adding fine clay paste and drying in the shade. SOFT DOLLS & OTHER DOLLS Bengal dolls are varied in character from primitive to realistic, from sylvan simplicity to highly decorative. These are executed in different media including clay, wood pith and soft dolls.Most of Bengal’s doll makers today reside in Kolkata and its suburbs. Their work is distinguished by dancing girls, bride and bridegrooms, Santhal girls, Baul figures, and has won great popularity among young and old. Various techniques of stuffing, structuring, limb formation, costuming and decorating with tinsel jewellery are practised. In effect, they are meant to warm the heart and gladden the eye. CERAMICS This is a tradition built up in contemporary times - several centuries of interaction with foreign craftsmen and a legacy left us by many years of British rule. The craft, however, is today flourishing in and around Kolkata and in some places in Birbhum district. New ceramic technologies have joined hands with a heritage of handicrafts to produce a range of fine, glazed ceramic products for decoration, dolls, toys, wall-hangings, household pottery and industrial application. 27

28 West Bengal My El Dorado POTTERY & TERRACOTTA Bengal boasts of its rich terracotta art heritage, evident in the beautifully decorated tiles that decorate temples and structures in Bankura, Birbhum, Hooghly, and other districts. The art of making clay tiles dates back to Harappan times, but Bengal artisans ingeniously used them for architectural purposes. The terracotta products range from the graceful Bankura horses to decorative items for modern homes. The art was at its peak in the 17th century but declined over time. However, in recent years, it has been revived and is gaining popularity for interior and exterior decoration of buildings, shops, and pavilions. HORN PRODUCT / WORK Animal horn has been used for ornamental purposes for centuries. During the two wars, craftsmen in Baishnabchak thrived in the horn comb industry. However, with the rise of cheaper plastic combs, the industry suffered. The government has since introduced measures to diversify and now the craftsmen produce a range of horn products such as walking sticks, pen stands, napkin rings, and knobs. Over 4,000 people in Baishnabchak, Joleghanashyanof, Gopiganj, Baruipur, Malda and surrounding Kolkata areas keep the tradition of Bengal horn work alive. This fascinating craft includes combs, buttons, pen-holders, door knobs and more. The roots of the horn comb industry date back to Dacca and Bakarganj in Bangladesh. The famous Jessore Comb is still remembered. SHELL CARVING / CONCH SHELL The Conch-shell industry is one of the oldest in West Bengal, with artisans scattered throughout the state, particularly in Bankura, Bishnupur, Nadia, Malda, and Murshidabad. The “Sankhakaras” are one of the nine artisan castes in Bengal and employ over 12,000 artisans. The main product is conch bangles, which are worn by married women as a symbol of their marital status. However, the tradition of wearing these bangles has declined in recent times, causing the artisans to shift to making shell jewellery, ornaments, table lamps, and utensils. Bankura’s “Shankharies” are known for their intricate conch bangles and blowing-conchs, featuring carved figures of gods and goddesses. 28

West Bengal My El Dorado 29 ARTISTIC LEATHER PRODUCTS Batik-printed leather, known as Shriniketan bags, are popular in markets including Japan, US, UK, Canada, Australia, Germany and France. These art-leather products are known for their beautiful designs and are produced in hand bags, wallets, briefcases, travel bags and more. The Bengal leather craft industry has gained popularity due to the innovative work of artists in Santiniketan, where products like handbags, wallets, key holders, seat covers, and even clothing are made. The craft uses sheepskin as the raw material and features toled leather patterns, batik work and resist-dyed colours. Cottage units and workshops in Sriniketan, Bolpur and 24 Parganas employ workers, including women, to produce Bengal leathers with wide acceptance in both national and foreign markets. SANDALWOOD CARVING Bankura Horses and elephants are also popular art objects. Once, elephant tusks were carved into intricate art by craftsmen in Khagra and Jiaganj in Murshidabad district. However, a ban on ivory was imposed to protect elephants, so the craftsmen switched to using sandalwood instead. Despite the ban, these artisans continued to create beautiful handicrafts such as Maurpankhi, decorated mounted elephants, table lamps, and more. These crafts were once highly regarded under the patronage of the Nawabs of Murshidabad and Pal Rajas of Bengal, and even in the 1980s they were still considered supreme. Today, about 50 artisan families continue this legacy. STONE CARVING Bengal craftsmen have a long history of creating beautiful stone images, particularly during the Pal period. Villages like Dainhat and Patun in Katwa became known for their stone carvings in the 16th and 17th centuries. The descendants of these master craftsmen still carry on the tradition today. The Stone Carving Artisans of Susunia in Bankura district have expanded their repertoire to include various carved products, drawing inspiration from the original temple sculptures. They use a range of stones, from sandstone to serpentine, to create stunning statues. Stone carving has a rich history, dating back to the Stone Age. 29

30 West Bengal My El Dorado METALWARE BRASS & BELL METAL Brass and Bell-Metal are ancient metals known for their use in utensils, household items, and religious artefacts. Bengal artisans have honed their skills in producing brass and bell metal products, with utensils being their main focus. The Khagra of Murshidabad district is known for the high shine and quality of their products. Bankura, Purulia and Ghatal artisans specialise in larger items, while Chandanpur artisans excel in decorative engravings. Pai-set bowls, used as measures for rice and paddy, have become popular for interior decoration. WOOD CARVING Wood is the most primitive material used by man for his needs. Ancient Sutradharas, traditional craftsmen, transformed wood carving into an art form. Their skill is evident in the superbly carved chariots, doors, frames, brackets, and thrones. Bengal continues to produce famous wooden toys and dolls, such as the one-piece owl and deities of Natungram, and sandalwood carvings of Murshidabad. Kalighat dolls of Kolkata and Natungram are renowned for their elegant simplicity and traditional flavor. Today, artisans in various districts like Burdwan, Birbhum, Bankura, Darjeeling, and North and South 24-Parganas continue the legacy of wood carving, creating modern wooden toys and decorative products. MASK & PUPPET West Bengal masks are popular for their beauty, rich colours and meaningful expressions. Originating from religious festivals, they are now sought after for decorating homes. The trend of reviving old puppet shows, in which West Bengal has a rich tradition, is evident. The artisans who create these masks are highly skilled. Most of the papier mache masks come from Purulia while wooden masks from Darjeeling are also popular. The Purulia masks are made using a unique technique where a clay model is made and then coated with scrap paper and clay solution before being painted. The masks usually depict legends or mythological characters and are used in dance performances. The Darjeeling masks, carved from soft wood and painted, represent demons and evil spirits and are used in hill dances. 30

West Bengal My El Dorado 31 CANE & BAMBOO Cane and bamboo are two essential forest products found in Bengal households. These materials are used to create various handicraft products such as baskets, trays, lampshades, tea-tables, screens, and hangings, which are popular both in the country and abroad. Bengal’s tradition of making everyday and fancy articles from cane and bamboo is rich and diverse, ranging from carved bamboo roots to woven baskets. The skilled artisans can be found in Kolkata, Jalpaiguri, Darjeeling, Birbhum, 24 Parganas, and Coochbehar. NEEDLE & EMBROIDERY The “Kantha” of Bengal is a type of embroidery found on various textiles such as saris and cushion covers. It’s a captivating world of silver needles and dexterous fingers creating intricate designs with symbolic meaning. Most notably, it is a creation of women- mothers, wives, sisters and loved ones- who infuse their emotions and skill into each piece. These works of art range from illustrations from famous epics to representations of Bengal’s folk-rituals. With a focus on the lotus flower as the central point, the results are a combination of needlework and embroidery that showcase the female’s artistic consciousness and creative aptitude. The superbly delicate Kantha and chikan embroidery are a true representation of the ladies’ passion for needlework. MAT / PATI/ TALAI The deft hands of the artisans of this state are engaged in mat-weaving and their products are noted for their cool comfort, pleasing colours and decorative designs.The products range from coarse mats to superfine and highly decorative masland mats.There is another group who make sophisticated dinner mats, wall hangings etc. “Sitalpati” (Cool Spread) are made of cane slips procured from a reed growing in marshy land. Coochbehar is worth mentioning for excellence in production of Sitalpati. 31

32 West Bengal My El Dorado ARTISTIC PAINTING The word ‘Pata’ signifies a painted feature. From the word originated the word ‘Patua’ which means one who paints a picture. The Patuas paint pictures which are mostly scenes from mythological stories. Apart from the “PataChitran” a new genre at artistic paintings depicting stylised and realistic figures have also gained popularity among connoisseurs recently. The theme of these pictures is definite and the paintings reflect maximum economy of means. These scrolls are direct in storytelling power and require no interpreter to understand. SILVER FILIGREE WORK The art of filigree work in silver is also known to Bengali artisans and their products speak of a high standard of craftsmanship.Pendants, chains, rings, broaches, ear-rings, hair-pins, bracelets are some of the items included in the wide range of products of this state. The world may not know it, but filigree and filigrain work in gold and silver thread is part of Bengal’s crafts heritage. Despite loss of their previous glory, artisans who make filigree work and silver jewellery known as ‘gazra’ in local parlance. Ornaments- necklace, pendants, bracelets, anklets, armlets, bangles, ear rings, hair pins, brooches, vanity bags etc. are some superb examples of the Bengal silversmith’s art and craft. JUTE PRODUCTS Jute, known as the “golden fibre” of West Bengal, is a versatile material used by handicrafts. From big shopper bags to intricate wall decorations, table mats, swings, and plant-pot holders, jute is utilised in various applications. Historically, Bengal women used jute to weave and knot items for domestic storage. Today, Bengal remains a major producer of jute goods, including plush carpets, tapestries, pot hangings, and bedspreads. In the villages of Kaliaganj, the process of colouring and weaving jute on simple looms continues, as the world rediscovers this natural fibre. 32

West Bengal My El Dorado 33 HILL CRAFTS In Darjeeling’s Hill Subdivisions, artists create various hill crafts that reflect the region’s cultural heritage. These include patch work paintings, bamboo paintings, metal and wood works, and Tibetan-style carpets. Known as “The Queen of Hill Stations,” Darjeeling has a rich artistic tradition, including painted tankas, colourful apron knits, repousse copper and brush utensils, carved wooden masks, decorative bamboo work, and Kalimpong bags. The blend of Indian and Tibetan cultures has resulted in unique crafts and products, widely accepted by those in the plain areas. SILK Silk weaving in Bengal dates back to ancient times and is mentioned in the Arthashastra by Kautiliya written around 300 B.C. The Bodes, a semi-tribal people from China, introduced mulberry silk cultivation in India during the early middle ages and settled in the north bank of the Brahmaputra. The Bodes in Assam still rear and weave silk, while those in Cooch Behar no longer practise the art. Silk rearing and weaving is extensively done in the plains of West Bengal, with Malda being the most important centre. KANTHA STITCH & OTHER EMBROIDERY Embroidery in West Bengal has three distinct styles: kantha with folk motifs, chikan, zari and kashida from Islamic tradition, and modern. Kantha is the most typical and creative style, traditionally worked by village women on old cloth, mainly discarded dhotis and saris. The number of layers of cloth depends on the purpose of the kantha. The main characteristic is the patterned running stitches in white thread covering the whole surface, expressing the artist’s love, thoughts, and dreams. Kanthas are unique and never repeated, made for near relatives or friends as a token of love or just for its own sake. 33

34 West Bengal My El Dorado TANGAIL SARI In Tangail and West Bengal, traditional weaving centres produce a wide range of saris with non- traditional patterns. The saris feature extra-weft designs with small, repeated motifs worked like embroidery on the loom. The most significant cotton weaving centres are Shantipur, Dhaniakhali, Bagampur, and Farasdanga, specialising in fine- textured saris and dhotis for men. Anantapur in Hooghly district is known for coarser saris and dhotis for everyday wear, and “Atpoure” means “for common wear.” Coarse count handloom cotton textiles for various uses are made by many traditional weavers throughout the state. JAMDANI SARI Jamdani is a type of dress material, which was once made for both men and women but now is only made in sari lengths. It is characterised by its intricate designs and geometrical motifs, woven on simple frame or pit looms. Jamdani was traditionally white, but now has lightly dyed backgrounds with designs in various colours like white, maroon, black, green, gold, silver, and dark golden muga silk. Jamdani designs are created by weaving extra weft decorations on fine surfaces, using link embroidery. The pattern is often drawn on paper and pinned beneath the warp threads. A master weaver can dispense with paper patterns when the pattern is continuous and regular. BALUCHARI SARI Baluchari saris from Murshidabad district are renowned for their intricate designs based on historical stories. However, high production costs have led to a decline in popularity and a migration of master weavers. As people become more fashion- conscious, Baluchari is experiencing a resurgence in demand. To help weavers improve their livelihoods, the Indian and West Bengal governments are sponsoring a Project Package Scheme for the Bishnupur area of Bankura district. The project aims to diversify products, train artisans, improve working conditions, and strengthen the handloom industry. Training, infrastructure upgrades and machine access are included in the scheme. 34

West Bengal My El Dorado 35 SHANTIPURI tribal people. The Rajbanshis weave, for their own Shantipur saris are traditional handloom items from use, inexpensive saris with very attractive designs of Nadia District. Known for fine, uniform textures, checks and stripes, on simple looms. The sarongs they use cotton or silk yarns and come in a range of of the polio women, worn over the breasts and counts from 80s to 100s. Designs in the extra warp reaching down a little below the knees, are made or side border determine the variety names, such as by joining together very compact strips, woven on Ganga-Jamuna and Nilambari. Today’s weavers use simple primitive looms made of a few short pieces dyed cotton silk, art-silk, and viscose yarns with gold of a bamboo stick and a narrow strip of wood about or silver zari. The anchal or end of the sari features 3 cm. wide and 60 cm. Long. jamdani designs and tie-and-dye designs. The borders have picturesque names like “Bhomra” and “Rajmahal.” The well-known Nilambari sari had a deep navy blue colour and sometimes fringed silver zari stars. In the past, the saris were smoother and softer due to a special sizing technique for both warp and weft, which is rarely done today. DHANIAKHALI SARI Dhaniakhali in Hooghly district, once famous for its superfine dhotis has, with falling demand for them, moved over to the production of equally superior saris in pastel shades. Farasdanga in the same district continues to make fine dhotis, perhaps the finest in Bengal. Begampur, also in Hooghly district, specialises in loosely woven, lightweight, translucent saris. In contrast to the Dhaniakhali saris, those of Bengampur have deep, bright colours. A number of large cotton weavers’ villages have been weaving handspun Khadi yarn since the sixties. In the north Bengal districts of WestDinajpur, Jalpaiguri, Malda and Cooch Behar, there are rich traditions of handloom cotton textiles among the many and semi- 35

36 West Bengal My El Dorado OUR RELIGIOUS Religious tourism is a type of travel that people undertake for TOURISM spiritual and cultural purposes. It is a form of cultural exchange and enrichment that allows people to explore different cultures, traditions, and beliefs. West Bengal, being a state rich in history, heritage and culture, has been an attractive destination for religious tourism for many years. From the towering Himalayas to the Bay of Bengal, the state offers an array of religious sites, shrines, and monuments, which are not only of great historical importance but also hold significant religious value for the people of India. 36

West Bengal My El Dorado 37 West Bengal has been a melting pot of different and a perfect opportunity for travellers to immerse religions, cultures and beliefs since ancient times. themselves in the local culture and traditions. From From Hinduism to Buddhism, Jainism, Islam, the intricate rituals and customs to the vibrant music Christianity and Sikhism, the state has a rich religious and colourful decorations, these festivals are a true legacy that attracts millions of visitors every year. showcase of the rich cultural heritage of West Religious tourism has become an important source Bengal. of income for the state, as it attracts visitors from In conclusion, religious tourism in West Bengal is across India and the world. Whether it is visiting a unique and enriching experience for travellers, the famous temples of Kolkata or exploring the offering a glimpse into the rich cultural and religious beautiful architecture of the Buddhist monasteries, heritage of the state. From the famous religious sites religious tourism in West Bengal is a unique and and monuments to the vibrant religious festivals, enriching experience for travellers. West Bengal is a must-visit destination for anyone The state is renowned for its religious festivals, which looking to explore the spiritual and cultural aspects are celebrated with great zeal and devotion. Some of India. Whether you are a spiritual seeker or just of the famous religious festivals in West Bengal are curious about different cultures and beliefs, religious the Durga Puja, Diwali, and Christmas, which attract tourism in West Bengal is sure to leave a lasting millions of visitors every year. The festivals are a true impression and leave you with memories that will reflection of the rich cultural heritage of the state, last a lifetime. 37

38 West Bengal My El Dorado Notable Destinations The festival of Durga Puja has its roots in the rural areas of West Bengal and has now evolved into a DURGA PUJA grand celebration in the cities, with hundreds of West Bengal is known for its rich cultural heritage pandals competing for attention and prizes. The and diverse festivities. One such festival that has celebration of Durga Puja in Kolkata, the capital of gained worldwide recognition is the Durga Puja, West Bengal, is considered to be one of the grandest celebrated with great fervour in the state. The festival in the world. The city transforms into a wonderland is observed during the Hindu calendar month of of lights, music, and colour, attracting millions of Ashwin and marks the victory of the Hindu goddess visitors from India and abroad. Durga over the demon king Mahishasura. Durga Puja is not only an opportunity for the people Durga Puja is not just a religious celebration, but of West Bengal to come together and celebrate their also a display of artistic excellence and cultural culture, but also a significant event for the tourism diversity in West Bengal. The state comes alive industry in the state. The festival provides a unique during the festival with elaborately decorated opportunity for tourists to witness the rich cultural pandals (temporary structures) displaying images heritage of West Bengal and to experience the of the goddess, along with her children, Ganesha, customs and traditions of the state. The tourism and Kartikeya. The festival is also accompanied by industry in West Bengal sees a boost during the music, dance, and feasting, making it a visual and festival season, with an influx of tourists eager to sensory feast for tourists. experience the magic of Durga Puja. 38

West Bengal My El Dorado 39 GANGASAGAR GANGASAGAR MELA Gangasagar is a Hindu pilgrimage site located in The Gangasagar Mela is an annual gathering of the Ganges delta in southern West Bengal, India. Hindu pilgrims on Sagardwip Island, second only The island, with an area of 224.3 km, is known for to the Kumbha Mela. Pilgrims from across the its unspoiled beach, silver sand, and clear blue sky. country flock to the confluence of the Ganges and Every year, Hindus from all over the world gather Bay of Bengal to take a holy dip and offer prayers at at Gangasagar for a sacred dip at the confluence the Kapil Muni Temple during Makar Sankranti in of the Ganges and the Bay of Bengal on Makar January-February. The temple is steeped in legends Sankranti. The island is also a popular destination for and revered by devotees. The Gangasagar Mela is the adventure lovers and tourists who seek tranquillity. largest annual gathering of devotees in India, with The Kapil Muni Temple and the lighthouse are over a million pilgrims visiting the island each year notable attractions with great views of the sunrise to take a dip in the holy Ganges. The assemblage of and sunset. Gangasagar is still relatively unknown, Naga Sadhus adds a unique identity to the fest. making it an unexploited destination. KAPIL MUNI TEMPLE The Kapil Muni Temple is located at Ganga Sagar and was established in 1437 by Swami Ramanand. It features a stone block representing Sage Kapil and holds images of Bhagirath, Ram, Sita, and Kapil holding a pot of water and rosary. The annual Ganga Sagar Mela takes place on Makar Sankranti, where pilgrims take a holy dip in the Ganges before visiting the temple. Sagar Island is 130 km from Kolkata and the original temple has been replaced by a new one featuring emblems of the Sea, Ganga Devi, Bhagiratha, and Kapil Muni. 39

40 West Bengal My El Dorado BELUR MATH Belur Math, the headquarters of the Ramakrishna Math and Mission, is located on the west bank of the Hooghly River in Belur, West Bengal. It’s a pilgrimage site for people of different religious backgrounds seeking peace and serenity. The campus houses temples dedicated to Sri Ramakrishna, Sri Sarada Devi, and Swami Vivekananda, with their relics enshrined. Swami Vivekananda and many of Sri Ramakrishna’s disciples spent time here, making it a holy place. The worldwide organisations Ramakrishna Math and Ramakrishna Mission are also located here. The Math is modern and free from bigotry, promoting equality among all castes, creeds, and classes. Belur Math is not only a place of worship but also includes an art college, industrial school, and charitable dispensary. THE SAMADHI ENCLOSURE The earthly remains of seven of the sixteen direct monastic disciples of Sri Ramakrishna were cremated here. Their names are engraved on the marble plaque which stands on this spot. BELUR MATH AND SHRINE This shrine is situated at Belur Road on the banks of the river Hooghly, in Howrah. Belur Math is the international headquarters of Ramakrishna Mission. It was founded in 1899 by Swami Vivekananda, the world famous yogi and disciple of Sri Ramakrishna Paramahamsa. This International tourist attraction is located near Belur in Howrah district. Its sprawling prayer hall with a statue of Ramakrishna is remarkable. The Belur Math shrine represents a church, mosque and temple when viewed from different angles. Its peaceful and calm atmosphere is befitting the gravity of the place. 40

West Bengal My El Dorado 41 THE OLD SHRINE It is situated to the north-east of Sri Ramakrishna Temple. This was the original shrine, where daily worship was conducted from January 1899 till the new temple was consecrated. This shrine awakens the hallowed memory of Swami Vivekananda and other direct disciples of Sri Ramakrishna who used to worship, meditate and sing. DAKSHINESWAR The Dakshineswar Kali Temple is a Hindu shrine located near Kolkata, on the eastern bank of the Hooghly River. The temple’s main deity is Bhavatarini, an aspect of Kali, and was built by philanthropist Rani Rashmoni in 1855. The temple is famous for its association with 19th century mystic Ramakrishna and contains nine spires, a large courtyard, rooms along the boundary walls, twelve shrines to Shiva, a temple to Radha-Krishna, a bathing ghat, and a shrine to Rani Rashmoni. Ramakrishna spent much of his life in the chamber called ‘Nahavat-Khana’ in the northwestern corner. KALI TEMPLE The Dakshineswar Kali Temple in Kolkata, India was built in 1847 and completed in 1855 by Queen Rashmani of Janbazar. It is located on the Ganges River and covers 25 acres. The temple is dedicated to Goddess Kali and is also associated with spiritual leader Ramakrishna Paramhansa, who worshipped Kali there and formed a deep love for her. The temple’s establishment was inspired by a dream the queen had of Kali instructing her to build the temple and install her idol there. It is one of the largest temples in Kolkata. 41

42 West Bengal My El Dorado KALIGHAT Kalighat is a sacred temple dedicated to Kali located in Calcutta on the old course of the Hooghly river. The river has since moved and the temple now stands on the banks of the Adi Ganga canal. Kalighat is considered one of India’s 51 Shakti Peethas, where parts of Sati’s body are said to have fallen during Shiva’s dance. It marks the site where Sati’s right foot’s toes fell. Legend says a devotee discovered a luminant light and upon investigation found a stone carving of a human toe. He also found a Sambhu Lingam and began worshipping Kaali in the midst of a jungle. TARAPITH Tarapith is a famous religious place in Birbhum district, known for the temples of Tara Ma and Sadhan Pith. It’s believed to be where the eyeball of Sati fell, or that Sage Basistha worshipped the goddess Sati as Tara. The temple is dedicated to the destructive form of Shiva, Kali, and requires daily goat sacrifices. The deity of Tara is enshrined in the temple, which is unique due to its nearby cremation ground and the worship that includes blood offerings. The hymns sung and strong rituals make this a special temple. The base is made of red brick and there are two Tara images in the sanctum, with a metal image covering the stone one. TARAPITH TEMPLE Ma Tara Temple is the main attraction of the temple town of Tarapith, which is located towards the town centre. Ma Tara Temple, in 1225, is a prominent tantric temple related to the Shakta sect of Hinduism. The main temple in the town is a small temple built of marble and terracotta, it has a curved roof called the ‘dochala’. All the giant doors falling in the way to the main shrine are carved and made up of engraved metal with extremely intricate designs of various religious symbols carved on them. 42

West Bengal My El Dorado 43 BAKRESHWAR TEMPLE Bakreswar is famous for its Bakreswar temple which is dedicated to Lord Bakranath (Shiva) and Goddess Kali. The temple is believed to be erected at the spot where the forehead and brows of Goddess Sati fell. The main temple of Bakreswar is surrounded by many small shrines which are dedicated to Lord Shiva. KANKALESHWARI TEMPLE Kankalitala Temple which is located about 8 kilometres northeast of Shantiniketan town in Bolpur sub-division. One of the fifty-one Shakti Peethas of the country, the Kankalitala Temple is located in Kankalitala town on the banks of River Kopai on the Bolpur-Labpur Road. NALATESWARI TEMPLE The throat of Sati, also known as Nala, is said to have fallen at Nalahati forest. The area is known for its beautiful plateaus and fine vicinity, and is home to the goddess Maa Nalateswari, also known as Devi Parvati or Kalika. According to local tradition, the larynx of Sati was discovered at this location by Kamdev in 252 Bengali year. The temple’s sanctum sanctorum is crowned with a raised pinnacle, and the deity of Maa Nalateswari is worshipped there. A few kilometres away from the temple, there are also shrines of Jogesh Bhairab, Ganesha temple, and a mysterious neem tree. 43

44 West Bengal My El Dorado TARAKESHWAR of the auspicious occasions at this temple are Sravan Taraknath Temple is the prime attraction of month, Maha Shivratri, Chaitra Sankranti, etc. Tarakeshwar village of Hooghly District. Taraknath TEMPLE OF BABA TARAKNATH Temple, dedicated to Lord Taraknath, was The Tarakeshwar Temple is one of the prime constructed in the year 1729 by Raja Bharamalla. pilgrimage destinations for the people of Bengal. The temple is built in central West Bengal style of The structure of Atchala, which consists of Nat temple architecture with features such as “atchala” Mandir in the front area, is the major attraction of and “natmandir”. The temple has four roofs above the Taraknath Temple. There are also shrines of the sanctum sanctorum and extended galleries for Lakshmi-Narayan and “Goddess Kali ‘’ Goddess the congregation of the devotees. Kali in the nearby area. There is a tank named Dudh Taraknath Temple is considered among one of the Pukur, located towards the north of the Taraknath 12 abodes of Lord Shiva or the Jyotirlinga temples in temple, which is considered to fulfil the prayers of India. This temple also has minor shrines dedicated the devotees who bathe in the holy waters of the to Goddess Kali and Lord Lakshmi-Narayan. Some tank. 44

West Bengal My El Dorado 45 CHARAK PUJA MELA The Charak Puja, a tradition within the Gajan Festival, involves worshipping the Charak tree and the penance acts performed by Charak Sanyasis around and on the tree. The Charak tree is a trunk without roots or branches, worshipped by priests and balanced by bamboo. Sanyasis perform their penance acts before the tree is immersed in a river, believed to reach the same ghat the following year. The Charak tree is believed to be the home of Ardhanarishwar, symbolising the coexistence of human life and nature. The sanyasis also perform a bloodless piercing of sharp hooks in their bodies, a spectacle made possible through years of practice. GAJAN CELEBRATION The Gajan festival is a celebration of the union of the forces of the sun and earth, signifying the marriages of male deities Siva, Nil, and Dharmaraj with their consorts. It is held for three days before and after Chaitra Sankranti and continues until the beginning of the rainy season in Asharr (Ashad). The main purpose is to worship for a good harvest and prosperity, and to be delivered from past sorrows and suffering. The festival is primarily held in open grounds at Shiva temples and is organised by Gajan Sanyasis, who are mendicants. In Bengal, it is mainly celebrated by Scheduled caste Bengalis. BUDDHA TEMPLE, DEULPARA The Buddha Temple of Deulpara is one of the main attractions of Tarakeshwar village of Hooghly District. This temple was consecrated in the year 1985 by the Dalai Lama. Known for its statue of Lord Buddha and beautiful garden, The Buddha Temple of Deulpara is the only Buddhist temple in Hooghly District. 45

46 West Bengal My El Dorado ISKCON ISKCON is a religious organisation founded by Srila Prabhupada, a Bengali born in Kolkata, who at the age of 69 embarked on a mission to spread the message of Krishna in foreign countries. It follows the Gaudiya Vaishnab Tradition of Sri Chaitanaya Mahaprabhu. The headquarters of ISKCON is located in Mayapur, considered a holy place and the birthplace of Sri Chaitanya Mahaprabhu. ISKCON devotees follow a disciplic line of Gaudiya Bhagavata Vaishnavas and worship Krishna as the highest form of God. The organisation has had a significant impact on the spread of Vedic culture and Sanatana dharma worldwide. CHAND KAZI’S SAMADHI, MAYAPUR Chand Kazi, a person with Islamic faith, was the magistrate of Navadvipa who opposed the Harinam Sankirtana movement in Mayapur and broke the mridanga of Srivash Pandit, who led the Sankritana. Later Kazi became an ardent disciple of Shree Chaitanya Prabhu and the Samadhi commemorates his transformation. MAYAPUR ISKCON Mayapur is located on the banks of the Ganges river, at the point of its confluence with the Jalangi, near Nabadwip, 130 km north of Kolkata. The headquarters of ISKCON are situated in Mayapur and it is considered a holy place by a number of other traditions within Hinduism, but is of special significance to followers of Gaudiya Vaishnavism as the birthplace of Chaitanya Mahaprabhu, regarded as a special incarnation of Krishna in the mood of Radha. It is visited by over a million pilgrims annually. 46

West Bengal My El Dorado 47 NAKHODA MASJID Nakhoda Masjid, located in Kolkata, is the largest mosque in the city. Built in 1926 with a donation from Abdar Rahim Osman, it is a popular tourist attraction due to its size and beauty. The mosque can hold up to 10,000 worshippers and features 27 minarets, two large and 25 smaller ones, as well as three domes. Its architectural style is a blend of Indian and Saracenic architecture. Inside, there is also an exhibition of ornaments and art. TIPU SULTAN MASJID The Tipu Sultan Shahi Mosque (also known as Tipu Sultan Masjid) is a famous mosque in Kolkata. Located at Dharmatala Street, the mosque is a relic of architectural and cultural heritage. This building was built in 1842 by Prince Ghulam Mohammed, the youngest son of Tipu Sultan. An identical mosque, which was earlier built in 1835 by him, is at Tollygunge. The Ghulam Mohammed Wakf Estate manages the two mosques now. At first, Gholam Mohammed purchased land in the central position of Calcutta and Built this mosque in 1842, in memory of his father Tipu Sultan. This mosque is a relic of the architectural and cultural heritage of Kolkata. FURFURA SHARIF Furfura Sharif is a holy village for Muslims in the Hooghly District of India. The Masjid built in 1375 is a site of pilgrimage, especially during the Pir mela. The region was ruled by the Bagdi king and was conquered by Hazrat Shah Kabir Halibi and Hazrat Karamuddin. Today, both Hindus and Muslims visit their tombs. The most important site within Furfura Sharif is the Mazaar Sharif (Tomb) of Hazrat Abu Bakr Siddique and his five sons, which attracts thousands of visitors from all over India every year. Hazrat Abu Bakr was a social and religious reformer, educationist, and founder of charitable institutes, orphanages, and schools. 47

48 West Bengal My El Dorado IMAMBARA The Nizamat Imambara is a Shia Muslim congregation hall located in Murshidabad, India. It was built in 1847 by Nawab Nazim Mansur Ali Khan and supervised by Sadeq Ali Khan. It is located opposite the Hazarduari Palace and cost over 6 lacs to construct. The main entrance faces south and the masons completed construction in 11 months with the help of food incentives. The Imambara is 680 feet long, with the central block (Madina) being 300 feet long. It stands opposite the Hazarduari Palace and is located on the banks of the Bhagirathi River. MOTIJHEEL Motijheel is about one km South of Lalbagh. This beautiful horseshoe shaped lake was excavated by Nawazesh Mohammad, the husband of the famous Ghasseti Begum. In the palace adjoining it (now in ruins) Lord Clive celebrated the acquisition of the Dewani of Sube Bangla (Bengal, Bihar and Orissa) in 1765. Moti Jheel was the home of Warren Hastings when he became the Political President at the Durbar of the Nawab Nazim. KATRA MASJID The Katra Masjid also known as Katra Mosque is a mosque and the tomb of Nawab Murshid Quli Khan built between 1723 and 1724. It is located in the north eastern side of the city of Murshidabad, in the Indian state of West Bengal. Its importance lies not only as a great centre of Islamic learning but also for the tomb of Murshid Quli Khan, who is buried under the entrance staircase. The most striking feature is the two large corner towers having loopholes for musketry. 48

West Bengal My El Dorado 49 HAZARDUARI PALACE The Hazarduari Palace, also known as the palace with a thousand doors, is a popular tourist destination in Murshidabad. Built in 1837 by Duncan McLeod for Nawab Najim Humaun Jah, it was once the site for important meetings of the Nawabs. The palace, which covers 41 acres and has 114 rooms and 8 galleries, is now a museum displaying paintings, portraits, and valuables of the Nawabs, including swords used by Siraj-ud-Daulla and his grandfather. Visitors can also see vintage cars used by the Nawab’s family, but access to the palace library requires special permission. MADINA MASJID In front of the palace, the Madina Masjid was built by Siraj with clay brought from Karbala, to fulfil his mother’s will. The masjid is mono-domed. There is also a high-powered Ghari Ghar (Clock Room). One could also mention the 18ft long cannon weighing 16880 pounds, made in 1647 by Janardan Karmakar. According to popular belief, due to the terrible sound of the cannon, a pregnant woman once gave birth to a child and hence the cannon were named Bachhawali Kaman. ST. PAULS CATHEDRAL St. Paul’s Cathedral is an Anglican cathedral of the Church of North India - a united Church which is part of the Anglican Communion - in Kolkata. Built between 1839 and 1847, St Pauls Cathedral is one of India’s most important Churches. Its east of the Victoria Memorial at the South end of the Maidan. Inside there’s some interesting memorials and stained glass, including the west window by Sir Edward Burne-Jones. The building was initiated by Bishop Daniel Wilson in 1839 and was completed in 1847, in Gothic Revival style with stained glass windows and two frescoes in Florentine Renaissance style. The Bishops House across the street is also architecturally notable. St. Pauls was consecrated in 1874. 49

50 West Bengal My El Dorado ST. JAMES CHURCH St. James Church in Kolkata, also known as Jora Girja or “twin church” for its twin spires, is a beautiful and elegant church built in 1862. It replaced an older church of the same name located in Nebutolla Lane, near Amherst Street. Visitors enter the church from the west-end and are greeted with a large and lofty nave, marbled aisle and gabled roofs in stained teakwood. The pews, which run from north to south, are approached from the central aisle and each contains six large and roomy chairs. The church is notable for its use of wooden plugs instead of nails in the teak wood beams. BOLLA KALI TEMPLE Bolla village is located 20km from Balurghat on the Balurghat-Malda Highway. The village is home to a famous Kali temple, named after Bolla Ma Kali. The temple’s history states that a Zamindar, unable to pay taxes, was freed by the goddess Kali and built the temple as a token of gratitude. Kali Puja is celebrated every Friday after Raas Purnima and draws a large crowd of devotees from the South Dinajpur district. A three day fair is also organized by the Puja committee. JAIN PILGRIMAGE West Bengal is home to a number of important Jain pilgrimage sites, making it a popular destination for Jain tourists. One of the most notable sites is the Digambar Jain Temple in Kolkata, which is believed to be over 800 years old and is considered one of the oldest Jain temples in the city. This temple is known for its intricate carvings and beautiful architecture, and is a must-see for anyone interested in Jain culture and history. Other important Jain pilgrimage sites in West Bengal include the Jain Temple in Bandel, the Jain Temple in Sonarpur, and the Jain Temple in Barrackpore. Whether you are a devout Jain or simply interested in learning more about this ancient religion, West Bengal is a great destination for exploring the rich heritage of Jainism. 50