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102 V. ¡¾ -¸© Áì½ ¯½À´ -°− ñ--ó− − öÁ´È -¡¾ -¡¿ ö© Íõ §º¡¹¾¥¿ ¸ -¯½-ìò-´¾ , º -©ñ® Íõ 쾨콺¼©¢º¤-£÷ -ìñ¡-¦½ ½-−−-−---− −−ñ−---−-−²ô©-ªò-¡¿£¸¾´¦¾´¾©¢º¤ ñ¡-»¼ . ¡¾ -¸ñ©-°ö -¡¾ -»¼ ´ó 3 Á®®-£õ: -----−−−−− −1. ¡¾ ¯½À´ó -°ö -¡Èº -»¼ À²ˆº-¡¸©¦º®£¸¾´-»øÉ-²œ -«¾ Áì½ êñ¡-¦½À®œº¤-ªí -¢º¤−-− −− −--−−-−-−ñ¡-»¼ . −2. ¡¾ ¯½À´ó -°ö -ì½¹¸¾¤»¼ À²ˆº-ùÉ-£ø-¦º -¯½À´ó -°ö -¡¾ -»¼ -¢º¤ ñ¡»¼ -À¯ñ -−-− −-È-−−-− −− −-− -−−Ä쨽Šª¾´-¥÷©-¯½-¦ö¤-¢º¤¡¾ -»¼ -»øÉ-êÄ©¡¿- ö©-ĸÉ-à -ÁªÈ-ì½-§˜ -»¼ À²ˆº-²ñ©-ê½-− −†-É-−−− −-−¾¡¾ -»¼ -¢º¤ ñ¡-»¼ -ùÉ-©ó-¢› . -− −-−−−3. ¡¾ ¯½À´ó -°ö -꾨²¾¡»¼ (À¦ñ¤-¥ö®-§˜ ) À²ˆº-À®…¤-°ö -¡¾ -»¼ -꾨-¯¢º¤ ñ¡-−-− −É--−−−− −Éó--−»¼ ¸È¾-Ä© »ñ®-°ö -©ó-;¨ Íõ -ꨲ¼¤Ã©? ¦¤ Í ªÔ--¡-¸ú¾-À¡ -ê†-¡¿- ö©-ĸÉ-Á ¸-é? −É-−É--øõ−−−Áì½ £¸¾´-»øÉ-¢º¤ ñ¡-»¼ -ĩįª¾´-¥÷©-¯½-¦ö¤-êÄ©¡¿ ö©-ĸ Íõ ®?. -−−É--†-É--−ÉÒ−º¡ ˜ ¡¾ ¯½À´ ° ¨¤´: −−−ó− − öñó¡¾ ¦¤À¡© : − ñŒ £¸¾´ª¤Ã¥³ñ¤£¿º½ê®¾¨ ˜òŒ ¡¾ ªº®£¿«¾´ −Œ ¡¾ À»ñ©¡©¥½¡¿¡´ −ò÷ÈŒ ¡¾ Á¡É®ñ ¹¾ −−Œ ¡¾ ¦½Á©¤®©®¾©¦´´÷© −ööŒ ¡¾ À»ñ©Â£¤¡¾−−−ɺ¨... ºº¡¢¦º® 2 Ⱦ¤: ÓμŒ ºñ©ª½Ä −Œ ¯¾ì½Ä −lts';o]y0tlyf 3fp lD;Dl

103 ;y-k rNo4ko;y-k-u[ I.95fxtlq’];, 1.fhko7;k,I6h ;y-krNo4ko;y-k-u[,u95fxtlq’rafmtokoadIPo.sh,u7;k,I6h 7;k,g0qhk.9.o0t[;o dkoIPog8ad3o3]-u8k,]kp;y-k g-aoG dkogInvoF dkodtlyde c]t dko-jk’D j.shoadIPoI6h9advtmy[kp7;k,g0Qk.90v’8qogv’8+[qfIPoF lk,kf[vd-n c]t g]nvd j.-hv5xtdvoF ;afltf5muoe,k.-h.odkovvdcI’’kofh;p7;k,gktlq, c]t ,u7;k,xvf jwrF ltcf’ s^n lkmyfdkoxt8y[af.odkovvdcI’’koD 2.fhkomadlt .shoadIPoI6h9ad;k’czoxt8y[af;Pd’kofh;p7;k,7v’c7; c]t ,usq;7yfxtfyf jjlhk’F ,umadltrnho4komu9egxao.odkofe]q’-u;yfF xtdv[vk-u[l5f9ts^yfF ,umadlt.odko j9afdko da[;Pd’komu4nd,v[kp c]t ,u]t[P[c[[czogIaf;Pd1jk’gxao]t[q[ jIj;,da[z6hvnowfhF gsaoco;mk’.odkoxtdv[vk-u[F g]nvd.-hg8ad3o3]-uwfhg|ktlq,da[ j;Pd’ko1k’4nd8hv’D j3.fhkomafltot7t8y c]t 7jkoypq, .shoadIPo,u7;k,lk,ad7uF ,u7;k,8A’.9F ,u7;k,Ia[zyf-v[F ,u75olq,[afF f5|ajoF -nj lafF xt1afF vqfmqoF oe.-hrt]a’’koF -a[rtpkdvome,t-kfF xqdxadIadlkly’c;f]hv, j1jk’d5h,7k c]t 4nd;ymuD jlts';o]y0tlyf 3fp lD;Dl

104 II.goNv.os^adl6f-Ao,afmtpq,xumu 11-qj;3,’}vkmyf×33vkmyf = 33-qj;3,’ ]}fsq;0=hgoNv.og;]klt,af4trk[! rkdmu dkogInvo I{ dkome7;k,ltvkfg7nv’.-h jrkp.ogInvo { dkome7;k,ltvkfl;o jxtdv[ 0v’gInvo { ,k]tpkfrkp.o7v[7q; { dko8afspy[ { v5xtdvo.odkox5’c8’ j{ cd’9nf c]t xuh’ { oEs;koxtgrf8Q, ! ! ! # ! ! ! ! ! { ,u7;k,I6hF7;k,g0Qk.9dP;da[;Pd jgInvo g-aoG I6h7;k,kp7;k,le7ao jxt3spfF s^addko;ymudkoF 0Ao8vo0v’ 0t[;odkogIaf;PdgInvoF dko9afdkoF lk,kfgIaf;Pd c]t xtg,uozqodko gIaf;PdD { ,u7;k,I6h.odkog]nvd.-hF lhv,c-,F faf cx’F gda[[e]5’Iadlkg7nv’,nF g7nv’.-h jj.odkogIaf;PddP;da[;PdgInvoD j{ ,umadlt0t[;odkogIaf;PdgInvo8qogv’ c]t ;Pdl;o];,fh;p7;k,xvfwrD j{ ,udkoltcs;’sk7;k,I6hF lk,kfcdhw0 [aosk.odkogIaf;PdgInvoD { lk,kfxtp5d s^n fafcx’g8ad3o3]-u 3fp 6o.-h;af45rnho4korkp.omhv’4yoD j{ lk,kfgxaoz6hoerkd5, s^n lt,k-ydd5j, j.odkogIaf;Pd1jk’,usq;7yfxtfyflhk’D { ,umadlt.odko6o.-h-a[rtpkdvo me,t-kfF rt]a’’ko c]t ly’c;f]hv, jmu,u7;k,cmfgktda[ltrk[8q;9y’D j{ ,umafltotmkmumufu7nG ,u7;k,f5aoF 0t jjjspaoF vqfmqoF xt1af c]t ,u7;k,Ia[zyf -v[D { ,u]t[P[;y.omufu7nG ,u7;k,-nlafF 8q’8+g; jj]k s^n oe.-hg;]k.shgxaoxt3spfD { ,u]adltotoy.lmufu7nG ,u7;k,]tvPf xk joufF Iv[7v[F 7;k,Ia[zyf-v[F 7;k, xvfwrF ,u9yf.9d;hk’0;k’F ,ad-;pgs^nv j6 c]t [=gsaocd8q;D jjjlts';o]y0tlyf 3fp lD;Dl

105 @ rkdmu dkox6d/a’ c]t ]hP’laf II{ rnfzadmujx6dfh;pcdo j{ dkodhkcdo j{ dkox6drnfzadfh;pcdo j{ dkogda[d6h c]t 9e|kprnfzad j{ lafxud { 7vd]hP’lafxud { dko]hP’lafxud { vksko c]t dko.shvksko lafxud { dkoxhv’daolaf86 c]t rtpkf lafxud ! @ # ! ! ! ! ! ! { ,u7;k,I6hF 7;k,g0Qk.9dP;da[dkox6d j/a’ c]t ]hP’laf g-aoG I6h7;k,kp j7;k,le7aoxt3spfF s^addko ;ymudkoF 0Ao8vo0v’0t[;odkox6d/a’ c]t ]hP’ lafF dko9afdkoF lk,kfgIaf;Pd c]t xtg,uozqodkogIaf;PdD { ,u7;k,I6h.odkog]nvd.-hF lhv,c-,F faf cx’F gda[[e]5’Iadlkg7nv’,nF g7nv’.-h jjdP;da[dkox6d/a’ c]t ]hP’lafD j{ ,umadlt0t[;odkox6d/a’ c]t ]hP’laf .o7v[7q;8qogv’ c]t l;o];, fh;p j7;k,xvfwrD { ,udkoltcs;’sk7;k,I6hF lk,kfcdhw0 [aosk.odkox6d/a’ c]t ]hP’lafD { lk,kfxtp5d s^n fafcx’g8ad3o3]-u 3fp |6o.-h;af45rnho4korkp.omhv’4yoD j{ lk,kfgxaoz6hoerkd5, s^n lt,k-ydd5j, j.odkogIaf;Pd’ko1k’,us;7yfxtfyflhk’D jq{ ,umadlt.odko6o.-h-a[rtpkdvo me,t-kfF rt]a’ko c]t ly’c;f]hv, j.sh,u7;k,cmfgktda[ltrk[8q;9y’D { ,umafltotmkmumufu7nG ,u7;k,f5aoF 0t jjjspaoF vqfmqoF xt1af c]t ,u7;k,Ia[zyf -v[D { ,u]t[P[;y.omufu7nG ,u7;k,-nlafF 8q’8+g; jj]k s^n oe.-hg;]k.shgxaoxt3spfD { ,u]adltotoy.lmufu7nG ,u7;k,]tvPf xk joufF Iv[7v[F 7;k,Ia[zyf-v[F 7;k, xvfwrF ,u9yf.9d;hk’0;k’F ,ad-;pgs^nv j6 c]t [=gsaocd8q;D jjj# rkdmuIIIdko-jk’{ w,hcxI6[ c]t g7nv’,n-k’w,h jj{ g7nv’,n c]t g7njv’;afcmd jle]a[dkod+ @ @ @ { ,u7;k,I6hF 7;k,g0Qk.9dP;da[;Pd dko j-jk’ g-aoG I6h7;k,kp7;k,le7aoF jxt3spfF s^addko c]t ;ymudkoF 0Ao8vo 0v’0t[;odko gIaf;Pddko-k’F dko jlts';o]y0tlyf 3fp lD;Dl

106 { ;afltf5w22hk c]t ;afltf58yf 8A’w22hk { v5xtdvow22hk { g7nv’;afcmdw22hk j{ ;afltf53]st @ ! # 9afdkoF lk,kfgIaf;Pd c]t xtg,uozqodko gIaf;PdD { ,u7;k,I6h.odkog]nvd.-hF lhv,c-,F faf cx’gda[[e]5’Iadlkg7nv’,nF g7njv’.-h.o jdkogIaf;PddjP;da[dko-jk’D { ,umadlt0t[;odkogIaf;PddP;da[dko j-jk’8k’M .o7v[7q;8qogv’ c]t l;o jj];,fh;p7;k,xvfwr { ,udkoltcs;’sk7;k,I6hF lk,kfcdhw0 [aosk.odkogIaf;Pddko-jk’ { lk,kfxtp5d s^n fafcx’g8ad3o3]-u 3fp 6o.-h;af45rnho4korkp.omhv’4yoD j{ lk,kfgxaoz6hoerkd5, s^n lt,k-ydd5j, j.odkome’ko1k’,usq;7yfxtfyflhk’D j{ ,umadlt.odko6o.-h-a[rtpkdvo me,t-kfF rt]a’’ko c]t ly’c;f]hv, jmu,u7;k,cmfgktda[ltrk[8q;9y’D j{ ,umafltotmkmumufu7nG ,u7;k,f5aoF 0t jjjspaoF vqfmqoF xt1af c]t ,u7;k,Ia[zyf -v[D { ,u]t[P[;y.omufu7nG ,u7;k,-nlafF 8q’8+g; jj]k s^n oe.-hg;]k.shgxaoxt 3spfD { ,u]adltotoy.lmufu7nG ,u7;k,]tvPfxk joufF Iv[7v[F 7;k,Ia[zyf-v[F 7;k, xvfwrF ,u9yf.9d;hk’0;k’F ,ad-;pgs^nv j6 c]t [=gsaocd8q;D jjjlts';o]y0tlyf 3fp lD;Dl

107 -Ao,afmtpq,xumu 21-qj;3,’}vkmyf×33vkmyf = 33-qj;3,’ ]}fsq;0=hgoNv.og;]klt,af4trk[! rkdmu dkogInvo I{ dkome7;k,ltvkfvhv,Iv[ [=]yg;ogInvo { dkode9af0UgspNv j{ ,k]tpkf c]t xtgrou.ola’ 7q, { dko8afspy[fh;p,n @) { dko0Q;-Uo { g0Qk8Q,.lkddh;p c]t 4qj; jfe ! ! ! # ! @ { ,u7;k,I6hF 7;k,g0Qk.9dP;da[;Pd gInvo jg-aoG I6h7;k,kp7;k,le7ao xt3spfF js^addko;ymudkoF 0Ao8vo0v’0t[;odko gIaf;PdgInvoF dko9afdkoF lk,kfgIaf ;Pd c]t xtg,uozqodkogIaf;PdD { ,u7;k,I6h.odkog]nvd.-hF lhv,c-,F faf cx’F gda[[e]5’Iadlkg7nv’,nF g7nv’.-h jj.odkogIaf;PddP;da[;PdgInvoD j{ ,umadlt0t[;odkogIaf;PdgInvo8qogv’ c]t ;Pdl;o];,fh;p7;k,xvfwrD j{ ,udkoltcs;’sk7;k,I6hF lk,kfcdhw0 [aosk.odkogIaf;PdgInvoD { lk,kfxtp5d s^n fafcx’g8ad3o3]-u 3fp 6o.-h;af45rnho4korkp.omhv’4yoD j{ lk,kfgxaoz6hoerkd5, s^n lt,k-ydd5j, j.odkogIaf;Pd1jk’,usq;7yfxtfyflhk’D { ,umadlt.odko6o.-h-a[rtpkdvo me,t -kfF rt]a’’ko c]t ly’c;f]hv,mu,u jj7;k,cmfgktda[ltrk[ 8q;9y’D { ,umafltotmkmumufu7nG ,u7;k,f5aoF 0t jjjspaoF vqfmqoF xt1af c]t ,u7;k,Ia[zyf -v[D { ,u]t[P[;y.omufu7nG ,u7;k,-nlafF 8q’8+g; jj]k s^n oe.-hg;]k.shgxaoxt3spfD { ,u]adltotoy.lmufu7nG ,u7;k,]tvPf xk joufF Iv[7v[F 7;k,Ia[zyf-v[F 7;k, xvfwrF ,u9yf.9d;hk’0;k’F ,ad-;pgs^nv j6 c]t [=gsaocd8q;D jjjlts';o]y0tlyf 3fp lD;Dl

108 @ rkdmu II dkox6d/a’ c]t ]hP’laf { dkox6drnfzadfh;psq; s^n |+ { dkogda[d6h c]t 9e|kprnfzad j{ raolafohvpmuoe,k]hP’ j{ lt4komuF 7vd c]t v5xtdvo jle]a[]hP’lafohvp { dko]hP’lafohvp { vksko c]t dko.shvksko lafohvp & ! ! ! ! ! { ,u7;k,I6hF 7;k,g0Qk.9dP;da[dkox6d j/a’ c]t ]hP’laf g-aoG I6h7;k,kp j7;k,le7aoxt3spfF s^addko ;ymudkoF 0Ao8vo0v’0t[;odkox6d/a’ c]t ]hP’ lafF dko9afdkoF lk,kfgIaf;Pd c]t xtg,uozqodko gIaf;PdD { ,u7;k,I6h.odkog]nvd.-hF lhv,c-,F faf cx’F gda[[e]5’Iadlkg7nv’,nF g7nv’.-h jjdP;da[dkox6d/a’ c]t ]hP’lafD j{ ,umadlt0t[;odkox6d/a’ c]t ]hP’laf .o7v[7q;8qogv’ c]t l;o];, fh;p j7;k,xvfwrD { ,udkoltcs;’sk7;k,I6hF lk,kfcdhw0 [aosk.odkox6d/a’ c]t ]hP’ lafD { lk,kfxtp5d s^n fafcx’g8ad3o3]-u 3fp|6o.-h;af45rnho4korkp.omhv’4yoD j{ lk,kfgxaoz6hoerkd5, s^n lt,k-ydd5j, j.ogIaf;Pd’ko1k’,usq;7yfxtfyflhk’D j{ ,umadlt.odko6o.-h-a[rtpkdvo me,t-kfF rt]a’ko c]t ly’c;f]hv, j.sh,u7;k,cmfgktda[ltrk[8q;9y’D { ,umafltotmkmumufu7nG ,u7;k,f5aoF 0t jjjspaoF vqfmqoF xt1af c]t ,u7;k,Ia[zyf -v[D { ,u]t[P[;y.omufu7nG ,u7;k,-nlafF 8q’8+g; jj]k s^n oe.-hg;]k.shgxaoxt 3spfD { ,u]adltotoy.lmufu7nG ,u7;k,]tvPf xk joufF Iv[7v[F 7;k,Ia[zyf-v[F 7;k, xvfwrF ,u9yf.9d;hk’0;k’F ,ad-;pgs^nv j6j c]t [=jgsaocdj8q;D lts';o]y0tlyf 3fp lD;Dl

109 # rkdmuIIIdko-jk’{ dkooe.-hg7nv’,nle]a[;Pd j’ko -k’w,h j{ ;afltf5d+lhk’ { g7nv’.=-hw22hk j{ g7nv’,nlhv,cx’w22hk j{ g7nv’;afcmdw22hk j{ dkooe.-hg7nv’,nle]a[’ko j3]st { dko[e]5’Iadlk c]t gda[,hPo g7nv’,n-jk’3]st j{ l;oxtdv[rNo4ko0v’ jg7nv’9adcvaf-a’ j{ s^addkome’ko0v’g7nv’9ad jlu9a’s;t j{ lq,mP[]adltot0v’g7nv’9ad jlv’9a’s;t @ @ @ ! ! @ ! ! ! ! { ,u7;k,I6hF 7;k,g0Qk.9dP;da[;Pddko j-jk’g-aoG I6h7;k,kp7;k,le7aoF xt j3spfF s^addko c]t ;ymudkoF 0Ao8vo 0v’0t[;odkogIaf;Pddko-k’F dko j9afdkoF lk,kfgIaf;Pd c]t xtg,uozqo dkogIaf;PdD { ,u7;k,I6h.odkog]nvd.-hF hv,c-,F faf lcx’gda[[e]5’Iadlkg7nv’,nF g7njv’.-h.o jdkogIaf;PddjP;da[dko-jk’D { ,umadlt0t[;odkogIaf;PddP;da[dko j-jk’8k’M .o7v[7q;8qogv’ c]t l;o jj];,fh;p7;k,xvfwr { ,udkoltcs;’sk7;k,I6hF lk,kfcdhw0 [aosk.odkogIaf;Pddko-jk’ { lk,kfxtp5d s^n fafcx’g8ad3o3]-u 3fp6o.-h;af45rnho4korkp.omhv’4yoD j{ lk,kfgxaoz6hoerkd5j, s^n lt,k-ydd5j, .odkome’ko1k’,usq;7yfxtfyflhk’D j{ ,umadlt.odko6o.-h-a[rtpkdvo me,t-kfF rt]a’’ko c]t ly’c;f]hv, jmu,u7;k,cmf7;k,cmfgktda[lt jrk[8q;9y’D { ,umafltotmkmumujfu7nG ,u7;k,f5ajoF 0t jspaoF vqfmqoF xt1af c]t ,u7;k,Ia[zyf -v[D { ,u]t[P[;y.omufu7nG ,u7;k,-nlafF 8q’8+g; jj]k s^n oe.-hg;]k.shgxaoxt3spfD { ,u]adltotoy.lmufu7nG ,u7;k,]tvPf xk joufF Iv[7v[F 7;k,Ia[zyf-v[F 7;k, xvfwrF ,u9yf.9d;hk’0;k’F ,ad-;pgs^nv j6 c]t [+gsaocd8q;D jjlts';o]y0tlyf 3fp lD;Dl

110 -Ao,afmtpq,xumu 3 1-qj;3,’}vkmyf×33vkmyf = 33-qj;3,’ ]}fsq;0=hgoNv.og;]klt,af4trk[! rkdmu dkogInvo I{ dkospy[f6d c]t spy[dh5o { dkocl; j{ cd’lQ, c]t gvktdtmy { g-nv,kddh;p c]t g-nv,,ao8Qo jj{ dkofv’zad c]t kdw,hD # # # ! ! ! { g/yddtdP,fhkpclj;F dkocpjfhkpclj; { [vd;ymuspy[f6dzhkc[[me,tfkF c[[ f6dg0Qk4EF c[[]Q,f6dF f6d76j c]t spy[dh5oD { vtmy[kpxt3spf0v’dko8afspy[wfhD { I6hoe.-h c]t gda[,hPoIadlkv5xtdvo.o dkocl;1jk’4nd;ymuD js^kpglAoF dko0vffhkpcl;F dkooe j.-hltfb’D { g/ydcl;[kfg7nvFj[kfw0;8uodkF j[kf3lh sn^ 8Jv’3lhD { vtmy[kpxt3spf0v’dkocl;wfhD j{ [vd-ng7nv’xtdv[Fjj;ymudkodtdP,xtgrfcd’ c]t gvktdtmyD { [vd-ng7nv’xtdv[Fjj;ymudkodtdP,xtgrfg-nv,dh;p c]t g-nv,,ao8QoD jj{ [vd;ymux5’c8j’;ymu9af;k’vkskoxtgrfg-nv,dh;p c]t g-nv,,ao8QoD jj{ [vd-ng7nv’xtdv[F ;ymudkodtdP,D jj{ [vd;ymudkox5’c8’F ;ymudko9af;k’ jvkskoxtgrfdkofv’zad c]t kd w,hD @ rkdmu dkox6d/a’ c]t ]hP’laf II{ dkodhkcdo8Qow,hdyokdD j{ dkox6d8Qow,hdyokdfh;pcdjo { dkogda[d6h c]t dko9e|kp jkdw,hD { dko]hP’laf.spjD { 7vd c]t v5xtdvo.odko]hP’ @ @ ! ! ! ! { vtmy[kp7;k,kple7ao c]t 75oxt 3spf0v’8Qow,hdyokdD { [vd-n c]t dko7afg]nvdco;rao8Qow,h jdyokdmujx6dfh;pcdoD j{ lkmyfdkoxtlq,fyo c]t dhkcdjoD { [vddko7afg]nvdlt4komu c]t 75olq, jlts';o]y0tlyf 3fp lD;Dl

111 laf.spjD { dko]hP’’q; c]t 7;kpD { vksko c]t dko.shvksko’q; c]t 7;kp { rtpkflaf c]t dkoxhv’dao !! [af0v’fyogktda[dkox6d8Qow,hdyo kdD { [vddkodtdP,v5xtdvo c]t |ko dvox6d8Qow,hdyokd j{ [vd;ymux6d c]t dko[q;]t[afIadlk 8Qow,hdyokdD { lkmyf;ymuzt]yfoE1krNog,nv’g]aj’fvd c]t kdD { [vddkogda[d6hkdw,hD { [vddko9afdkos^a’9kdgda[d6hc]tdko9e|kpD j{ [vdxts;af c]t 7;k,le7ao0v’dko ]hP’lafD { [vdlkpraolaf c]t -toyf0v’lafmuj oe,k]hP’D { [vddko7afg]nvdlt4komu c]t I6[ jc[[0v’7vd.odko]hP’laf.spD j{ [vdv5xtdvomule7ao.odko]hP’lafD j{ [vddko]hP’’q;F 7;kp c[[8k’M j{ ;ymuxt8y[af.odko.shvkskoD { [vd-toyf0v’vkskole]a[]hP’laf.spD j{ [vdcs^’ c]t ;ymugda[IadlkvkskoD j{ [vdrtpkfmuj,adgduf0Boda[laf.spD j{ [vds^addkoxhv’daortpkflaf.spD j# rkdmuIIIdko-jk’{ dko8afw,h c]t dko-vpw,h { xtmkpd+ { g7nv’.-hw22hk j{ g7nv’,nlhv,cx’ c]t g7nv’;af jjcmdw22hk { dko-;pgsn^vz6hxtlq[v5xt8ygsf j9kdw22hkD { dko;afcmdF dko8af c]t dkog]nvp3]st j{ 7;k,xvfwr.o’ko3]st { g7nv’,nlhv,cx’]qfpqo j@ @ ! ! ! ! @ ! ! @ { [vddko8afw,h4nd8hv’D { [vddko-vpw,h.sh4nd8hv’D { [vd-n;afltf5d+lhk’mujoe.-hxtlq,gIaf jxtmkpd+D { [vd;ymuxtlq,xtmkpd+fh;pcI’’ko c]t g7nv’9adD j{ [vd]adltot0v’dkooe.-h c]t dko [q;]t[afIadlkg7nv’.-hxtgrf.shlP’ jc]t rk[D { [vd]adltot0v’dkooe.-h c]t dko [q;]t[afIadlkg7nv’.-hxtgrf3,g8u jlts';o]y0tlyf 3fp lD;Dl

112 { dkooe.-hg7nv’,nlhv,cx’ j]qfpqoD { dko[qf]t[afIadlk c]t dko gda[ ,hPog7nv’,n-k’]qfpqoD jjc]t g7nv’xa[vkdkoD j{ [vddkogdufv5xt8ygsf c]t v5xtdvo xhv’daow22hkD { [vd]adltotg7nv’,nlhv,cx’w2h2hkD j{ [vd]adltotg7nv’,n;afcmdw22hkD j{ [vd]adltot0v’dkogdufv5xt8y[afgsf .ocI’faow22hkgduo c]t [+gduo *WW 3;oD { dko-;pgsn^vz6h4ndw22hkf6fD j{ [vd.shoadIPoI6hg4y’7;k,le7ao0v’ dko8af c]t dkog]nvpD j{ 7;k,kp0v’dko8af c]t dko g]nvpD j{ [vdv5xt8ygsfgduf9kddkooe.-h g7nv’,nD j{ [vddko[q;]t[afIadlkg7nv’,nD j{ [vd-toyf0v’g7njv’,nlhv,cx’]qfpqoD { [vddkooe.-hg7nv’,nlhv,cx’]qfpqoD j{ [vddkooe.-hg7nv’,nlhv,cx’]qfpqo j.sh4nds^addkoD { [vd7;k,vao8t]kpmu9tgduf 4hkoe.-h j[+4nd;ymudkoD { grnv.shoadIPolk,kf[vddko[q;]t j[afIadlk c]t dkogda[,hPog7nv’,n j-jk’]qfpqo.sh4nds^addkoD lts';o]y0tlyf 3fp lD;Dl

113 -Ao,afmtpq,xumu 41-qj;3,’}vkmyf×33vkmyf = 33-qj;3,’ ]}fsq;0=hgoNv.og;]klt,af4trk[! rkdmu dkogInvo Idkospy[G { dkospy[c9zhkg-af,nFvoc]t 4q’sU; { dkocl; jdkox5’c8’G j{ dkope-Uo c]t g0Qkzaf { g0Qkla’0tspk c]t la’0tspk kdvbgxao|;p j{ d;okdw,h { ,u7;k,I6hF 7;k,g0Qk.9djP;da[dkospy[ # # ! ! ! c]t dkox5’c8’ g-aoG I6h7;k,kp jj7;k,le7aoxt3spfF s^addko;ymudkoF 0Ao8vo0v’0t[;odkospy[ c]t dko x5’c8’F dko9afdkoF lk,kfgIaf;Pd jc]t xtg,uozqodkogIaf;PdD { ,u7;k,I6h.odkog]nvd.-hF lhv,c-,F faf cx’F gda[[e]5’Iadlkg7nv’,nF g7nv’.-h jj.odkogIaf;PddP;da[dkospy[ c]t jdkox5’c8’fh;p8qogv’D j{ ,umadlt0t[;odkogIafdkospy[ c]t dkox5’c8’jfh;p8qogv’ c]t gIaf;PdIj;,da[7qovnofh;p7;k,xvfwrD j{ ,udkoltcs;’sk7;k,I6hF lk,kfcdh w0[aosk.odkospy[ c]t dkox5’c8j’D { lk,kfxtp5d s^n fafcx’g8ad3o3]-u 3fp6o.-h;af45rnho4korkp.omhv’4yoD j{ lk,kfgxaoz6hoerkd5, s^n lt,k-yd jd5j,.o dkogIaf;Pd1k’,usq;7yfxtfyf jlhk’D { ,umadlt.odko6o.-h-a[rtpkdvo me,t-kfF rt]a’’ko c]t ly’c;f j]hv,mu,u7;k,cmfgktda[ltrk[ j8q;9y’D { ,umafltotmkmumufu7nG ,u7;k,f5ajoF 0t jjspaoF vqfmqoF xt1af c]t ,u7;k,Ia[zyf -v[D { ,u]t[P[;y.omufu7nG ,u7;k,-nlafF 8q’8+ jjg;]k s^n oe.-hg;]k.shgxaoxt3spfD { ,u]adltotoy.lmufu7nGj,u7;k,]tvPfxkoufF Iv[7v[F 7;k,Ia[zyf-v[F lts';o]y0tlyf 3fp lD;Dl

114 7;k,xvfwrF ,u9yf.9d;hk’0;k’F ,ad-j;pgs^nv6 c]t [+gsaocd8q;D jj@ rkdmu dkox6d/a’ c]t ]hP’laf IIdkox6d/a’G { dko0tspkpraow,hdyokd fh;pdko3m,dyj’ { dko3m,dy’ jdko]hP’lafG { dkolhk’|v’]hP’xk { raoxk c]t raodq[muoe,k]hP’ j{ dkoxtlq,raoxk { dko]hP’xk { dko]hP’dq[ @ # ! ! ! ! ! { ,u7;k,I6hF 7;k,g0Qk.9djP;da[dkox6d /a’ c]t ]hP’laf g-aoG I6h7;k,kp j7;k,le7aoxt3spfF s^addko ;ymudkoF 0Ao8vo0v’0t[;odkox6d/a’c]t]hP’lafF dko9afdkoF lk,kfgIaf;Pd c]t xtg,uozqodkogIaf;PdD { ,u7;k,I6h.odkog]nvd.-hF lhv,c-,F faf cx’F gda[[e]5’Iadlkg7nv’,nF g7nv’.-h jjdP;da[dkox6d/a’ c]t ]hP’lafD j{ ,umadlt0t[;odkox6d/a’ c]t ]hP’laf .o7v[7q;8qogv’ c]t l;o];, fh;p j7;k,xvfwrD { ,udkoltcs;’sk7;k,I6hFlk,kfcdhw0[aosk.odkox6d/a’ c]t ]hP’lafD { lk,kfxtp5d s^n fafcx’g8ad3o3]-u 3fp |6o.-h;af45rnho4korkp.omhv’4yoD j{ lk,kfgxaoz6hoerkd5, s^n lt,k-ydd5, jj.ogIaf;Pd’ko1k’,usq;7yfxtfyflhk’D j{ ,umadlt.odko6o.-h-a[rtpkdvome ,t-kfF rt]a’ko c]t ly’c;f]hv, .sh j,u7;k,cmfgktda[ltrk[8q;9y’D { ,umafltotmkmumufu7nG ,u7;k,f5ajoF 0t jjspaoF vqfmqoF xt1af c]t ,u7;k,Ia[zyf -v[D { ,u]t[P[;y.omufu7nG ,u7;k,-nlafF 8q’8+ jjg;]k s^n oe.-hg;]k.shgxaoxt3spfD { ,u]adltotoy.lmufu7nG ,u7;k,]tvPfxk joufF Iv[7v[F 7;k,Ia[zyf-v[F 7;k, xvfwrF ,u9yf.9d;hk’0;k’F ,ad-;p jgs^nv6 c]t [+gsaocd8q;D jjlts';o]y0tlyf 3fp lD;Dl

115 # rkdmuIIIdko-jk’-jk’w,hG { dko8+ c]t dkog0qhkw,hh -jk’d+G { dkod+/k -jk’w22hkG { dko8yf8A’w22hk { dko8=lkpw22hk j{ g7nv’,nle]a[8yf8A’w22hk j.ogInvo -jk’3]stG { dko8=F dko8af c]t dkora[ j3]st { dko0qfF dkodq’ c]t dko jg7kt3]st -jk’]qfpqoG { dkooe.-hrkstot.o-u;yf xt9e;ao { dkod;fdkg7nv’9ad j{ dko[e]5’Iadlksq;mPo c]t .lh8v’vkdkf { ,u7;k,I6hF 7;k,g0Qk.9djP;da[;Pddko @ @ ! @ ! ! @ ! ! ! -jk’ g-aoG I6h7;k,kp7;k,le7aoF xt j3spfF s^addko c]t ;ymudkoF 0Ao8vo 0v’0t[;odkogIaf;Pddko-k’F jdko9afdkoF lk,kfgIaf;Pd c]t xtg,uozqo dkogIaf;PdD { ,u7;k,I6h.odkog]nvd.-hF lhv,c-,F faf cx’gda[[e]5’Iadlkg7nv’,nF g7njv’.-h.o jdkogIaf;PddjP;da[dko-jk’D { ,umadlt0t[;odkogIaf;PddP;da[ jdko-k’8k’M .o7v[7q;8qogv’ c]t jjl;o];,fh;p7;k,xvfwr j{ ,udkoltcs;’sk7;k,I6hFlk,kfcdhw0[aosk .odkogIaf;Pddko-k’ j{ lk,kfxtp5d s^n fafcx’g8ad3o3]-u 3fp 6o.-h;af45rnho4korkp.omhv’4yo j{ lk,kfgxaoz6hoerkd5, s^n lt,k-ydd5, jj.odkome’ko 1k’,usq;7yfxtfyflhk’D j{ ,umadlt.odko6o.-h-a[rtpkdvo me,t-kfF rt]a’’ko c]t ly’c;f j]hv,mu,u7;k,cmfgktda[ltrk[ j8q;9y’D { ,umafltotmkmumufu7nG ,u7;k,f5ajoF 0t jjspaoF vqfmqoF xt1af c]t ,u7;k,Ia[zyf -v[D { ,u]t[P[;y.omufu7nG ,u7;k,-nlafF 8q’8+g; jj]k s^n oe.-hg;]k.shgxaoxt3spfD { ,u]adltotoy.lmufu7nG ,u7;k,]tvPfxk joufF Iv[7v[F 7;k,Ia[zyf-v[F 7;k, xvfwrF ,u9yf.9d;hk’0;k’F ,ad-;p jgs^nv6 c]t [=jgsaocd8q;D jjlts';o]y0tlyf 3fp lD;Dl

116 III.g8adoyddkolvo1.0aho8vog0Qkl6[qfIPo j0aho8vog0Qkl6[qfIPo,us^kp;ymu.odkooe.-h 7;og]nvd.shsq;0=hmudP;0hv’da[[qfIPomuj jjjoe,kIPog-aoG dkoltg|u95fxtlq’0v’dkoIPoI6hF m;o7no[qfIPogdqkF mqflv[7;k, jjI6hdvoIPoF .-h7em;kp s^n gd,dkolbdlkF Ihv’gr’ c]t g]qjkxtlq[dko8k’MD jj2.0Aolvo { lqomtok4k,{8v[dP;da[g]nv’muoe,kIPo s^n .shoadIPog;Qkg4y’xtlq[dko jjjmu8qog7upxt8y[afD j{ 9afd5,oadIPoc8]td5,.sh,usq;|hkd5j, s^n xtmkoF g]0ko5dko s^n z6h[aombd jjj7e7yfgsao { 769af8P,sq;0=h7Qo7;hkF [qfg/ydsafF c[[[aombdrbf8yde c]t zqodko7Qo7h;kD { c8]td5j,;k’czolbdlksk7;k,I6h9kd[qfIPo.oxB,c[[IPo c]t la’gdfI6[ jrk[ s^n g7nv’9y’c]h;[aombd.oc[[[aombdzqo’koD j{ 76la’gdfrbf8yde0v’oadIPofhko7;k,lk,ad7uF 7;k,8A’.9 c]t 7;k,Ia[ zyf -v[ .o;Pd ’ko0totoadIPomedko7Qo7;hkD { 8q;cmooadIPoc8]td5,oeltg|uzqo’kos^n]kp’ko8+|hk|676 c]t Ij;,dao jjjlts^5[ 7;k,I6hmuwfh 9kddko7Qo7;hk[qfIPo 3fpc8]td5,gvqkgoNv.o[qfIPo jjjwxxtlq,xtlkoX[6]tokdkog-nv,g0Qkjda[dkoxt8y[af;Pd’ko8q;9y’.o7v[7q;8qogv’?D { dkogda[zqo’ko.shoadIPoc8]td5j,gda[zqo’ko0v’8qow;h9toe.-hxB,0PogxaoxB, j[aombd s^n gIafgxaoc2h,zqo’koc]h;c8j7;k,gktlq,0v’3I’IPo.oc8]tmhv’ j4yoD j3.0Aolts^5[ { .shoadIPog;Qkg4y’xt3spfmuwfhIa[9kddkoIPo.oc8j]tg]nv’ c]t 76lts^5[[qf jjIPo rhv,ma’.shoadIPo9qfdkpgxao[qfIPoD j{ cotoe.shoadIPooe7;k,I6hmuwfhIPo,kwxoe.-h.o-u;yfxt9e;ao jIV.lndkoIPo{dkolvo jlndkoIPo{dkolvoxtdv[,ufaj’oUG j{ I6[rk[xtdv[dkolvo9kdxB,c[[IPo s^n xB,vnoM j{ xB,c[[IPo { g7nv’0v’8q;9y’mu,u.oc8]tmhv’4yo jjjj{ lt4komu8q;9y’ jlts';o]y0tlyf 3fp lD;Dl

117 { xB,0Po s^n c2h,zqo’kole]a[gda[zqo’kog-aoG dko8afspy[F dkolbdlk0=h,6o8q;9y’ jc]t dko gIafdyf9tdevnoMD j{ lndkoIPo{dkolvomuoe.-h8hv’.sh4ndda[goNhv.o0v’[qfIPomuoe,kIPo jjjV.dko;af c]t xtg,uozqo dko;af c]t xtg,uozqo gxao0Ao8vo|bj'mule7ao c]t 0kf[+wfh.o0t[;odko9af jdkoIPo{dkolvoD 95fxtlq'8Qo8=0v'dko;af c]t xtg,uozqoc,ogrnjv-;pgs^nvoadIPo jj.sh,uzqodkoIPofu0BoD ltoAoF .o-q;3,'lvo|b'M 767;ofegouodko;afzqo.o # w]pt7nG jj;afzqodvolvoF ;afzqo0totmude]a'lvo c]t ;afzqos^a'dkolvoD jj!Ddko;afzqodvolvo jdko;afzqodvodkolvojc,odko;afzqodvodkolvo[qf.\"jjjgxaodko;afzqogrnv1a' g[y'7;k,rhv,0v'oadIPo.oshv'IPo;k ,u7;k,I6h.og]nv'muj9tlvo0v'-q;3,' jjjjjjoAo|hvps^kpxko.fgrnjv76lvo9twfh-vdsk;ymulq'7;k,I6h.shoadIPo'kp0BoD jjdko;afzqodvolvooU lj;os^kp9t.-hdkolqomtok 4k,{8v[ .o0Ao8vooeg0qhkl6[qfIPoD jj@Ddko;afzqo]ts;jk'lvo dko;afzqo]ts;k'lvo c,odko;afzqo0totmuj76de]a'lvo s^n rkps^a'muoadIPo jjjleg]afdyf9tde.f|b'F 76medko;afzqogrnvd;fg[y';k,uoadIPo9eo;o|hvps^kpxko.f jjjjmu leg]af c]t [+leg]af gIaf4nd8hv'8k,0Ao8vomude|qf.oc8]tdyf9tde}[qfg/ydsaf mu76 jjjj;k'.shgrnv-vdsk;ymu-;pgs^nvoadIPo 1jk'4nd8hv' c]t maodkoD jj@D! dko;afzqodyf9tdedkoIPo dyf9tdemu76,v[kp.shxt8y[af.o]ts;k’IPo,ufaj’oUG jj{ 76.shoadIPo8v[7e4k,mu,u.omhkp[qfIPo j{ 76.sh[qfg/ydsafoadIPogIaf.o-q;3,’IPo s^n -q;3,’vvdcI’’ko jj{ [qfg/ydsaf s^n .[’komu76,v[.shoadIPoxt8y[afgxaod5,c8j]t[qf c,jo.sh76 jjlhk’0Bogv’ { [qfg/ydsafmu76lhk’0Bo,k8hv’,u95fxtlq’4nd8hv’8k,goNv.o0v’g]nv’muoe,kIPo jjjc]t 37’Ik’[qfg/ydsaf8k,8q;1k’D jj@D@ dko8yf8k, c]t [aombdzqodkoIPo { oadIPo[aombd.ljIjk’[aombd0v’[qfg/ydsaf s^n .[’ko0v’c8]t[qf j{ 768yf8k,F [aombddkoxt8y[afdyf9tde c]t rbf8yde s^n ]adltotoywl .o0totmuoadIPo medkoxt8y[af8q;9y’ .ljIjk’[aombdzqo’ko 3fpdko.sh7tcoo js^n 9af]tfa[7;k,I6h oadIPo8k,,kf4ko dkoxtg,uodkoxt8y[af;Pd’ko[5d7qo c]t d5,;k’w;hD jlts';o]y0tlyf 3fp lD;Dl

118 #Ddko;afzqos^a'lvoc,odko;afzqos^a'dkolvoF IPo9q[[qfIPo.f|b' s^n rkd|b'F 76fegouodko;afzqo jjjgrnv.sh76I6h;k .o-q;3,'oU oadIPolk,kf[ao]58k,95fxtlq' 0v'[qfIPo|hvps^kpxko.fD jjj,uoadIPo9ad7qomu7;o9twfhIa[dko-;pgs^nv c]t 7;o9t-j;p.ofhko.fcf3fpdko.sh jjj[qfg/ydsaf s^n [qfmqflv[c[[lAoM g-y’,uI6[c[[0v’7e4k,mjuoe,k.-h,us^kpI6[c[[7nG jc[[dkolyflvozyf c]t 4ndF c[[g]nvd8v[F c[[9a[76 c]t c[[0Po8v[lAo jX]kp]tvPf.oxB,76,n76 ;y-krNo4ko;y-k-u[ -Ao,afmtpq,lbdlk 8vo8Qo xu @W!W?D jlts';o]y0tlyf 3fp lD;Dl

119 ;y-k g8ad3o3]-u0=h,6o0jk;lko c]t dkolnlko jI.95fxtlq’];, 1.fhko7;k,I6h grnv.shoadIPoI6hG j−7;k,kp c]t lj;oxtdv[rNo4ko0v’7v,ry;g8u −7;k,kp c]t 7;k,le7ao0v’-v[c; (Software) −]t[q[g7nv0kp c]t ]t[q[vyog8ugoafD j2.fhkomadlt grnv.shoadIPolk,kfI6hG j−I6hs^addkodkogIaf;Pd0AorNo4ko0v’7v,ry;g8u −I6h7;k,kp c]t 7;k,le7ao0v’-v[c; 3.fhkomafltot7t8y c]t 7jkoypq, grnv.shoadIPoG j−,u7;k,lqo.9F ,ad-vdI6h-vdgsaodP;da[;ymtpklkf c]t 0t[;odkomk’fhko jg8ad3o3]-u 0=h,6o 0k;lko c]t dkolnlkoD jj−,u;ymudkomk’;ymtpklkfF .odkooe.-hg8ad3o3]-u0=h,6o0k;lko c]t dko jlnlko grnv7Qorq[ c]t ,usq;7yfxtfyflhk’.odkocdh[aoskD jj−,ult8y8+-kfF r6,.98+8qogv’F 8+;afmtotme c]t 8+-kf0v’8qoD −g7qk]q[ c]t pqdphv’;afmtotmevaofu’k,0v’xtgmfvnoD j−g7qk]q[8+7;k,gsao c]t lk,kfgIaf;PdI;,da[z6hvnowfhD jj−,u9t]yptme.odkooe.-hg8ad3o3]-u0=h,6o0k;lko c]t dkolnlko g0Qk.odkoxqd jjxadIadlk8qogv’ c]t xtgmf-kfD −gxufd;hk’l6co;7yf.F ,u7;k,lts^kfmk’lt8yxaopk c]t ,u7;k,g0A,’;f 8+ jj8qogv’D lts';o]y0tlyf 3fp lD;Dl

120 II.goNv.os^adl6f -Ao,afmtpq,xumu 11-qj;3,’}vkmyf×33 vkmyf = 32-qj;3,’ c]t ! -qj;3,’ Xm;o7no? ]}fsq;0=hgoNv.og;]klt,af4trk[1 [qfmu 7;k,I6hrNo4kodP;da[ 1jg8ad3o3]-u0=h,6o0k;lko c]t jdkolnlko j8 −I6h7;k,kpdP;da[g8ad3o3]-u0=h,6o j0jk;lko c]t dkolnlko j−I6h[qf[kfle7ao0v’g8ad3o3]-u0=h,6o 0jk;lko c]t dkolnlko j−I6h]adltotle7ao0v’g8ad3o3]-u0h=,6o 0jk;lko −I6hzqodtmq[0v’g8ad3o3]-u0h=,6o0k;lko j2 [qfmu @ 0=h,6o c]t 0=h,6o0k;lko j6 −I6h7;k,kp 0v’0=h,6oF 0=h,6o0k;lko jc]t ]t[q[0=h,6o0k;lko j−I6hl;oxtdv[0v’]t[q[0=h,6o0k;lko jj−I6hxtgrf0v’0=h,6oF dkoxt,;ozqo0=h,6o −I6h;ymudkoxt,;ozqo0=h,6o −I6hdko9afdko0=h,6o0k;lko c]t dko jcmo0=h,6o −I6hdkolhk’c2h,0=h,6o0k;lko j3 [qfmu # rafmtokdko 0v’7v,ry;g8u 5 −I6hg7nv’7eo;o.op5dxts;aflkf j−I6h7v,ry;g8u.op5dl6opkdkf X7Dl !_$W{!_&#? −I6h7v,ry;g8u.op5dmiko-ufltg8u X7Dl !_&#{!_*#? −I6h7v,ry;g8u.op5d;q’9vo];, −X7Dl !_*#{!_(@? −I6h7v,ry;g8u.op5d ;ucv;gvlwv (VLSI sp=h,k9kd Very Large Scale Integrated Circuit) −I6h7v,ry;g8u.op5dg7nv0kp j−I6hg8ad3o3]-ulnxtlq, j(Multimedia)lts';o]y0tlyf 3fp lD;Dl

121 4 [qfmu $ xtgrfF 7;k,lk,kf c]t I6[ c[[dkoxt,;ozqo 0v’7v,ry;g8u6 −I6hxtgrf0v’7v,ry;g8u −I6h7;k,lk,kf0v’7v,ry;g8u −I6hI6[c[[dkoxt,;ozqo0v’7v,ry;g8u 5 [qfmu & [5d7t]kdvo c]t 9t]yptme mk’fhko7v,ry;g8u7 −I6h[5d7t]kdvo.o;q’dko7v,ry;g8u−I6hvk-u[mujdP;0hv’da[7v,ry;g8u j−I6h9t]yptmemk’fhko7v,ry;g8u -Ao,afmtpq,xumu 21-qj;3,’}vkmyf× 33vkmyf = 32-qj;3,’ c]t ! -qj;3,’ Xm;o7no? ]}fsq;0=hgoNv.og;]klt,af4trk[1 [qfmu ! 7v,ry;g8u c]t v5xtdvo8k’Mj11 −I6h;k 7v,ry;g8u c,ospa’Ljj−I6hl;oxtdv[0v’7v,ry;g8uj−I6h7;k,kp c]t |hkmu0v’|;pxt jj,;ozqodk’ (Central Processing Unit)−I6h7;k,kp c]t |hkmu0v’|;p7;k, jj9es^ad(Main Memory Unit)−I6h7;k,kp c]t |hkmu0v’|;p7;k, jj9eleIv’(Permanent Memory Unit)−I6h7;k,kp c]t |hkmu0v’v5xtdvo jxhvo s^n Ia[0=h,6o(Input Devices)−I6h7;k,kp c]t |hkmuj0v’v5xtdvolt cf’zqo(Output Devices)2 [qfmu -v[c;2(Software)21 −I6h7;k,kp c]t 7;k,le7ao0v’ -v[c; −I6h-v[c; c]t rklk7v,ry;g8u −I6h-toyf0v’-v[c; −I6h|hkmu0v’-v[c; c]t ]t[q[xt8y[af jdko −I6h-v[c;oe.-h −I6hw;iaf7v,ry;g8u (Computer’s Virus)lts';o]y0tlyf 3fp lD;Dl

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138 §˜ ´ñ©ê½¨ö´-¯ê 3 −ó-ó»¼ 1§‰¸Â´¤/º¾ê©, ¯»¼ Τ´ 33 º¾ê© = 33 §‰¸-´¤/¯ −òó−‡óòó-À œº-Ã−−§/´¦½´ñ©-«½²¾® - ²¾¡-ê 1: ꩦ½©ó©ö ª óò− óóó1.1 £¸¾Ä¸ -1.2 ²¸¤¦¼¤: ²¸¤¦¾´,¹¾,¹¡ Áì½ À¥©. -Éö--ñ1.3 À£º¤Ï¾¨¯È¼ -Á¯¤¢ ¦¼¤ Ͼ¨ì , Ͼ¨ì© ˆ−˜−-ˆ−÷-Áì½ Ï¾¨À©´ -ó1.4 »¾¤¦¼¤Ã¹¨ Áì½ -¡¾´³¾Ã¹¨È È--È--( F Major ). 1.5 À£º¤Ï¾¨¥¤¹¸½, ¥ñ¤¹¸½ ˆñ1.6 ¹ñ©-ºÈ¾ § ---Á³ à “ £ ” ³¾--ù¨ ( F Major ). −−−óÈ1.7 ¹©¢¼ -긾¨ § ---Á³ à “ £ ” ñ−-−−ó³¾--ù¨ ( F Major ). È18 Œ ®º¡£¸¾´Ï¾¨¦¿£ -¢º¤£¸¾´Ä¸-à -© -ªóóó. ---ñ−--− − öŒ ®º¡£¸¾´Ï¾¨¢º¤-¥É´¦¼¤: ²¸¤¦¾´,¹É¾,¹ö¡ -Áì½ -À¥ñ© ---÷-Œ ®º¡£¸¾´Ï¾¨-¢º¤-À£ˆº¤Ï¾¨ - Ͼ¨ìˆ , Ͼ¨ì÷© --− Áì½ Ï¾¨À©´ --óŒ ®º¡Â£¤¯½¡º®-¦É¾¤¢º¤»¾¤-¦¼¤Ã¹¨È Áì½ ¡¾´ ---È--- ³¾Ã¹¨ ( , Major ). -È-Œ ®º¡£¸¾´Ï¾¨¢º¤¥¤¹¸½ -²º´-©¸¨-¸òê ---ñÉÉó -ªó-¥¤¹¸½©¤¡È¾¸. ñ„-Œ ¹ñ©-ºÈ¾ -§ ---Á³ à “ £ ” ³¾--ù¨ ( F Major ). −−−óÈŒ ¹©¢¼ -긾¨ § ---Á³ à “ £ó ” ³¾--ù¨È ñ−-−− ( F Major ). ²¾¡-ê 2: ¡¾ »º¤À²¤ ó− É-2.1 À²¤ “ ¨¾´À§í¾-ª ” -ø2.2 À²¤ “ À´º¤ì¾¸ÃÏÈ-Ï -¨õ ” õ---˜− −2.3 À²¤ “ ¦‰¤²º -¯ÃÏÈ ” -− ó-2.4 À²¤ “ ºö©-ê ” ö−4 Œ ®º¡-£¸¾´-Ͼ¨-À œº-à -¢º¤--À²¤. −−Œ »º¤À²¤-«õ¡ª¾´ì½©ñ®¦¼¤Áì½-«õ¡¥¤¹¸½ê¿ º¤. É----ñ−Œ »º¤-©¼¸ Áì½ »Éº¤ì¸´Ï. ÉÈ--øÈŒ »º¤¯½¦¾ -¦¼¤Á®®¦¼¤-ºó-¡ Áì½ ¦½Á©¤-êȾ꾤À£ˆº - É-−-------− Ÿ¯½¡º®-«õ¡-ª¾´-¥¤¹¸½ê¿ º¤¢º¤À²¤. ñ−--²¾¡ê 3: ¯½¹¸ñ© ñ¡¯½² À²¤ì¾¸ ó−ñ−3.1 êȾ ¯½-À¦© ¦ó-§¾- ö −ó−− ³¤À²¤ “ §´À§¨¡º¤¯º¤¡ º¾¡¾© ” ñöóÉñ−1 Œ ®º¡¯½¹¸ñ©-¹¨Ó-¢º¤ ñ¡-¯½² -À²¤ êȾ ¯½À¦ó© --−ñ−-−- ¦ó-§¾- ö Áì½ ®ö©À²¤-ê†-´ó-§¦¼¤¢º¤-êȾ . −−-ˆ--−²¾¡ê 4: À£ˆº¤© -ªóóó²œ À´õº¤ì¾¸ Áì½ óö−−¦¾¡ ö−4.1 ¡½-¥ñ®-¯† 4.2 ¡ó-ªÈ¾-ê¿´½©¾ ( Guitar ) ---4.3 ¡ó-ªÈ¾-ij³É¾- (Electric Guitar) -2 Œ ®º¡§, £¸¾´À¯ñ -´¾- Áì½ ®©®¾©-² «¾ ¢º¤À£º¤ ˆ-−öœ−−-ˆ ©ö ªó² À´º¤ì¾¸ ( ¡½-¥ñ®-¯† ). −œ−õ-Œ ®º¡§ Áì½ ®ö©®¾©-² «¾ ¢º¤À£º¤-© ª¦¾¡ ˆ-œ−−-ˆö− óö− ( ¡ó-ªÈ¾-ê¿-´½-©¾ Áì½ ¡ó-ªÈ¾-ij³É¾ ). --3 43 4 lts';o]y0tlyf 3fp lD;Dl

139 ²¾¡ê 5: ¾©ª½¦ó−ò−5.1 ³Éº -쿸ö¤ì¾¸-¥ñ¤¹¸½¦½Íñ®-² -¯¾. −--ñ−5.2 ¦ì½-¯½-꺤-« ì¿-ª„¤¹¸¾¨ òÉ…−- “ £¸¾´-º ª½ì¾¨¢º¤Âì¡Àº© ” -ñ−---5. 3 ³Éº ¯½¡º®¦ì½¯½êº¤« ì¿-ª„¤¹¸¾¨ −òÉ…−- “ £¸¾´-º ª½ì¾¨¢º¤Âì¡Àº© ”-ñ−---8 Œ ®º¡-§ì¿¸ö¤-쾸, ³Éº -쿸ö¤ì¾¸-«õ¡-ª¾´Á®®, ´ó-ìñ¡¦½ ˆ-−-- ½§¾© Áì½ «õ¡-ª¾´-¥ñ¤¹¸½ê¿ º¤. − ---−Œ ®º¡-§ì¿, ì¿-«õ¡-ª¾´-¥ñ¤¹¸½-ê¿ º¤¢º¤-®ö©ì¿, ì¿-©¼¸ - ˆ-−--È Á콦½Á©¤-êȾ꾤À£ˆº -Ÿ¯½¡º®-®ö©ì¿-«õ¡-ª¾´- ----−-- ¥ñ¤¹¸½ê¿ º¤. -−Œ ³Éº -©¼¸ Áì½ ì¸´Ï¯½¡º®-®ö©-ì¿-꺤-«… -«¡ªº¤ª¾´- − È-øÈ-É− õÉ- ¥ñ¤¹¸½ê¿ º¤. -−lts';o]y0tlyf 3fp lD;Dl

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