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DIMENSIONS OF HAJJ PUBLISHED BY THE COMMITTEE FOR ISLAMIC

Preface In the Name of AHah, the Compassionate, the Merciful. At a time when we witness the renaissance of Islam and re-awakening of Muslims the worldover, attempts are also being made to revive the original and true values of various aspects of Islam. This phenomenon is prevalent in the rites of Hajj too. Hajj, which is the pilgrimage to ‚Ka’ba‛, the Great Masjid in Mecca, is the only obligatory ritual that assembles together the Muslims from every nook and corner of the world. It also is the single everlargest assembly of human beings on earth. As prescribed by Allah Subhanahu wa ta’la in His Holy Quran, ‚They may come from every deep ravine. That they may witness things that are of benefit to them‛ (22:28), Muslims yet have to gain full benefit, spiritually as well as materialistically, out of this important universal obligation. Committed and concerned Muslim intellectuals and scholars are endeavouring, to bring out the true values and dimensions of Hajj and to educate the Muslims towards achieving this goal. As a contribution to this worthy cause, we present this book titled ‚DIMENSIONS OF HAJJ‛, which is a compilation of papers presented by contemporary Muslim scholars at the ‚International Seminar on Hajj‛, held between 26th and 31st July 1983, at Free Town, Sierra Leone and also the Hajj message of Imam Khomeini, the Leader of the Islamic Revolution and the Founder of the Islamic Republic of Iran. We earnestly hope that this contribution made to the best of our capacity would make its contribution towards achieving the desired benefits of Hajj. We pray almighty Allah to shower His mercy upon and guide in His path, all who strive for His cause. THE COMMITTEE FOR ISLAMIC UNITY

CONTENTS Page ISLAM HAS REMAINED 1 UNDISCOVERED 19 23 Imam Khomeini 27 PHILOSOPHY OF HAJJ Badru D. Kateregga THE TRUE IMPACT OF HAJJ Abdullah Deedat POLITICAL & ECONOMIC SIGNIFICANCE OF HAJJ Abubakar Mustapha

Imam’s Message For Hajj Pilgrims 1984 Islam Has Remained Undiscovered IN THE NAME OF GOD, THE COMPASSIONATE THE MERCIFUL Blessed be the festival of sacrifice (Eid-ul Qurban) unto you Muslims of the world, unto you noble and struggling nation of Iran which removed the hands of the predatory powers of the world from your Islamic land and extricated yourselves from the dominion of the oppressors of the West and East as was willed by the Blessed Supreme God, and unto you people who even now continue you untiring acts of self-sacrifice for the movement and your tireless struggle for the fruition of your great revolution, of the luminous precepts of Islam. But blessed indeed shall be the day when the world community of Muslims wakes up in response to the committed ulema of Islam throughout the world and make a bold move for ridding themselves of the oppressive rule of tyrants and world devourers. Such a lofty goal shall be attainable when Muslim ulema open the eyes of the oppressed peoples to the full spectrum of the unknown aspects of the Islamic disciplines. They must acquaint nations with the unexplored horizons of Islam, and avail themselves of the valuable opportunities for the fulfillment of this lofty task. What opportunity more sublime than the great congregation of the hajj, which has been decreed for Muslims by the Blessed and Supreme God? Unfortunately, the various dimensions of this great, destiny determining ceremony have been marred as a result of the perversion of tyrannical governments in Islamic nations, as a result of the behaviour of undisciplined, wicked court mullahs and of the misinterpretation of mullahs and others who feign an air of sanctity in all Muslim countries. These are the mistaken and deluded people who are opposed to the formation of an Islamic state. They regard it as being even

worse than a government which rebels against God’s commands. These are the wandering and erring minds which have denuded hajj of its lofty implications and confined it to the empty observance of the externals of the rite. These are a people who argue that any public mention of the plight of Muslims during the ceremony would be against Islam, nay, an act of covering over the truth of religion. The elements dependent on tyrannical and misguided governments denounce the call of the tyrannized and oppressed people who convene in this sacred place from throughout the world to raise their voices against oppression as atheistic and un-Islamic. They are players whose aim is to hold back Muslims and to open the way for the plunderers and those who wish to dominate Islam and keep it in the corners of masjids and shrines. They are a people who argue that attending to the affairs and plight of Muslims would be contrary to Islam to the obligations of Muslims and of the ulema of Islam. It is unfortunate that as a result of the misleading propaganda extant today, each and every act of attending to any social or political issue by Muslims, in Muslim states, is judged as being an action against the duties of the ulema and religious scholars. The exponents of this Interpretation regard attendance to and interference in political issues an unforgivable sin. They think of the daily prayers as a formal, routine religious act, which would outrage the principle of Islam if its implications are heeded and acted upon. We must confess now that Islam has as yet remained veiled and undiscovered, and that Islamic nations are isolated and uninformed about the facts of Islam. The education of Islamic nations now rests as a duty on the shoulders of members of the Muslim ulema, as well as on the shoulder of writers, philosophers, researchers, Muslim mystics, learned men and intellectuals who feel the plight of Muslims and who sympathize with them. Wherever they are and whatever their creed, they have an obligation to pool their resources for repelling this great threat which has already engulfed Islam and Muslims. They have a duty to exploit each and every forum, public or otherwise, as well as the masjids for the purpose of cautioning Muslims, disenchanting them from un-Islamic ways and preparing them for a global

Muslim movement. Then let them know that this is a feasible venture, provided that it is promoted with hard work and self-sacrifice. The Iranian people-may God dignify them-have already proven unacceptability of any excuse by any Muslim people for doing otherwise. The Iranian people have already demonstrated to the world that a nation can stand against the big powers in attaining its denied rights. Then let each and every Muslim nation trust in the power of the Supreme Omnipotent Who has promised us victory provided only that we aid the cause of God. Let them not panic and remember that: ‚You who believe. If you will aid the cause of God, he will aid you, and plant your feet firmly.‛ (the Holy Qur’an, 47:7) Let them consecrate their resources to the furtherance of Islamic goals whose opening chapter is the removal of the hand of misguided bullies and of opponents of Islam from the Muslim states and the removal of internal and external obstacles. Let them challenge the political parties, the governments and each and every group and individual who opposes the Islamic movements. These movements, thanks be to God, are fast developing. Let them give priority to this enterprise as a first goal to attain throughout the world. Let them rest assured that as is the explicit promise of the Supreme God, they shall eventually succeed in ridding themselves off the hands of tyrants. PONDER THE IMPLICATIONS OF HAJJ Now that we are at the threshold of the most auspicious hajj ceremony. In makes it all the more imperative on us to ponder its mystical, spiritual, social, political and cultural implications. May it be that such a venture would pave the way for other more significant strides to that end. Many of my associates have dealt to some extent on this topic, and I, too, would like to say something on the subject in passing, hoping that my words would be heeded as a reminder. Every single ritual of hajj, whether it is the divesting of one’s clothes and assuming the pilgrim’s garb (Thram) before entering the sacred precincts of Mecca, or the reciting of Talbiah

(the declaration of one’s readiness) has indeed a symbolic, mystic, and spiritual significance for which our limited space would not allow a detailed discussion here. I must, perforce, limit the scope of this humble reminder to just a brief explanation of some of the acts as are performed in the ceremony. The word ‘labbayk’ (here I am) as continually uttered in the ceremonies is said sincerely only if the expression is coming from the lips of a people who have heard the divine call with their inward ears and who are responding to God’s invitation. in the comprehensive sense of the word, most befitting His divine being. The idea is to feel oneself within the realm of God, and to behold with one’s eyes His manifestations. So the word must be repeated in such a way as though the speaker of the words was finding himself in rapture and as though he was also hearing and repeating the response to his call, while avowing that His divinity is one single being without partner in the absolute sense of the word to which fact the noble men of God are privy. And the expression ‘without partner’ here is not restricted in meaning to the oneness of God within the concept of His ‘divinity’. To the learned and to the en-lighted, the avowal of and profession to the oneness of God even in that sense would alone be an attestation to His oneness in every concept down to the end of the worldly life. This profession in itself is an all inclusive one, conceived with other concepts of His divinity which are to be acknowledged whether those concepts of the divinity are the basics or other qualities professed to, or primarily as formula for assuring oneself of God’s love. Among such declarations for example is the phrase ‘Praise belongs to Thee, and blessing is from Thee’ in which ‘Hamd’ is something considered as attributable only to His divine being. And such is the case also for the word ‘blessing’. Among the learned men such professions and such qualities are the sublime qualities describing the oneness of His divine being. Thus any ‘praise’ to God and is a blessing from God. And in such qualities His divine being is unaided by any other being, of whatever nature those qualities may be.

Such are the sublime qualities and any speech counter to any of those qualities would be an instance of polytheism, which is common to any benighted and illusioned person among us. But to make it short, one aspect of the hajj ceremonies which has been even more neglected than the other aspects is the political aspects of the hajj. The traitors have done a lot to overshadow this aspect of the ritual and to place it in oblivion. They will continue to do so far a long time in the future. But more than any other time the Muslims of out time—a time reminiscent of the era of the jungle—have a commitment to focus stress on that aspect of the hajj. Why? Because at this time the international wielders of power are busy with their plots for misleading Muslims and for hindering their process. On the other hand their selfish agents and mercenaries, as well as group of illusioned ones and court, religious figures and a group of other people, who are devout believers but ignorant people, are busy with their plots for gradually doing away with this significant concept of the hajj ritual. Therefore, it is the duty of committed people and sympathizers with Islam, who would not see this faith fall into obscurity, to pool their resources in order to give prominence to this aspect of the faith, making the best use of their pens and speeches, especially at the time of hajj. Once having participated in these ceremonies Muslims can then heed this implication of hajj and proceed to awaken other Muslims, as well as tyrannized people, in their own countries, as well as in other parts of the world . They can mobilize them in order to help them rid themselves of the every-increasing tyranny of the world’s despots, who incidentally claim to be patrons of peace. KAABA STANDS FOR MASS UPRISING It goes without saying that if such great congregation of Muslims in which wronged Muslims from all countries, speaking different languages with different creeds assemble in uniform attire and without any special distinction from one another, should fall to find solutions to the political problems and should they fail in their efforts for giving the world autocrats their due, then smaller regional congregations are not likely to score the slightest progress to that end.

The House of God (Beit-ul-Allah) is in the first place—a sanctuary for the masses. It is a sanctuary for all people No one person, no one government, and no one group should be permitted to enjoy any priority in their association with that sanctuary. In that sanctuary the masses are like the hermits of the Kaaba, the urban dwellers, the villagers and the people living in deserts and the statesmen. This dignified sanctuary has been erected for the masses, for the uprising of the masses, for mass uprising and for the benefit of the masses. But what greater common benefit than that vested in the cutting off of the hands of the world tyrants from tyrannized and colonized countries? This can also assure the cutting of their hands from the rich resources in those countries. Why then should we not assemble in this sanctuary in a manner which was the purpose behind its erections? A sanctuary which was erected for such lofty goals-- uprising of the masses for, the masses—must become a place for the uprising of Muslims. The interests of the Muslim masses should be fought for in this noble house and the (symbolic) act of throwing stones at the small and big satans must be performed on such occasions. The guardianship of the sanctuary and its ultimate purpose is not fulfilled by such acts as keeping its seal and giving water to the pilgrims and maintaining Masjid-ul-Haram. On the contrary, it serves better to keep the sanctuary without embellishing it any more than prescribed. It is better that the sanctuary be free from ostentations treatment and be maintained as it was maintained during the time of Abraham, Peace be upon him, and during the early day of the advent of Islam. It is far more advisable that Muslims convene in that holy place simply as messengers without any social rank or status. This attitude shall give the sanctuary a far greater nobility than would its decoration and embellishment, the preoccupation with which would serve to drive the people away from the principal goal which is to witness the uprising of the masses and to delineate the interests of the Muslim masses. ‚Do you make the giving of drink to pilgrims, or the maintenance of the sacred masjid, equal to the pious service of those who believe in God and the Last Day, and strive with might and main in the cause of God? They are not comparable in the sight of God, and God Guides not those who do wrong.‛ (Holy Qur’an, 9:19)

OSTENTATION IS NOT THE AIM It sounds as though this divine verse had been sent down to us in this very same era in which we are living, and it sounds as though it were descriptive of our own plight in this very time. We, too, are living at a time characterized by the activities of a people who are busying themselves with an ostentatious show of seeing only to the material needs of the pilgrims and to their food and lodging, or providing them with drinking water or other such acts as adorning Masjid ul-Haram in a manner bereft of the divine concepts and of the concepts of the Day of Reckoning and of struggle in the cause of God. Such acts according to the text of the Holy Qur’an are acts of injustice. A people preoccupied with such things are recognized as tyrants. Faith in the Blessed and Supreme God and in the Day of judgement serves to propel the masses towards a struggle for the cause of God and towards an uprising for the purpose of safeguarding justice and equality. God shall not lead a community which should act otherwise, Why? Because they are among the group of oppressors. The Blessed and Supreme God and the great Prophet of Muslims (Peace and the Mercy of God be upon him and his descendants), called out on the greater pilgrimage day that God and Prophet stand aloof of the pagans. ‚And an announcement from God and His Apostle, to the people assembled on the day of the great pilgrimage, that God and His Apostle dissolve treaty obligations with the polytheists…‛ (Holy Qur’an, 9:3). In that day the prevailing policy was not that of the United States, nor were there court mullahs supporting the interests of the U.S. government, or denouncing other Muslims for their opposition to the United States, or claiming that the Almighty and prophet Mohammad (SAWA) had issued sanctions against the correct ceremonies of the hajj, or that hajj must be kept free from such concerns.

Some day in the future when we shall witness the return to us of the great Imam of our time, may God speed his appearance, and of God’s elect-may the Supreme God deliver His holiness sooner to us—and when we shall hear his call for the administration of a global justice in Ka’aba, and when he should therein raise his voice against the interests of the tyrants and those who cover over the truth of religion, then also the very same mullahs such as described above shall denounce him and accuse him of heresy. They will certainly do so in support of the tyrants. May the Blessed and Supreme God delivery Islam and Muslims from the evil of all tyrants and oppressors. And now permit me to point out a few matters, however repetitive they may sound, and I hope God willing you will heed my modest reminder. SPIRITUALITY OF HAJJ AND ETERNAL LIFE 1. The spiritual aspect of hajj, which is the main key to eternal life and leads man to the horizon of monotheism and inviolability, will not be achieved unless the religious instructions of the hajj are scrupulously observed. The respected hajj pilgrims, and ulema leading hajj caravans, both have a responsibility to exert their utmost efforts—first for leaning, the latter for teaching hajj rituals. It is the duty of those acquainted with religious injunctions to instruct their companions, so that they would not violate the rules for hajj. A political and social perspective for hajj will not be gained unless its spiritual and divine aspects are realized—a feat attainable only by one’s meticulous observance of and response to God Almighty’s laws and invitation. Prepare yourselves to become confidants, to reach the threshold of Almighty God, and through your assent reject any partner with God. Thus depart from your body, which is the main source of polytheism vis-à-vis Him, may He be glorified. And there is the hope that for the speakers, death, which comes after the departure, and receive the reward which is with God. If the spiritual aspects are forgotten, do not think that you can free yourselves from the claws of the evil of the soul, and as long as you are enslaved by your soul and carnal desires, you cannot conduct the Jihad for God and defend the realm of God.

You beloved come to yourself and notice the combatants of the Islamic Republic who have achieved victories for Islam and their Islamic country, about which God is pleased, and now there are a number of their disabled among you performing the hajj rituals. And take note of the great evolution which has brought about their devotion. Muslims should know that until such an evolution occurs within them, the evil of concupiscence and other external evils will not let them think of the Muslim ummah and oppressed people in the world. I pray to Almighty God for the success of all. 2. You have come to hajj from triumphant country (Iran) which, for many years, had struggled against the tyranny of the monarchical regime, and with the blessings of God Almighty and benevolent prayers of the 12th Imam, our souls be sacrificed for him, broke the shackles, while tolerating untold hardship to reach the destination, presented thousands of martyrs and disabled for Islam. You are conveying the message of a nation which, through its revolution, saved a country which was on the verge of easttoxication, and even more, westtoxication, which was steeped in apostasy, corruption and prostitution, and established Islamic rule in place of a regime which rebelled against God’s commands. These are the same people who are determinate, by spreading the message of their Islamic Revolution, to familiarize not only the Islamic countries, but the oppressed people in the world with the Islamic rule of justice. You are representatives of the people whose new-born Islamic Revolution, despite immeasurable difficulties caused as a result of confrontation with the two superpowers, and the eastern and western blocs, and sabotage activities of terrorists belonging to them can, only though the blessings of Islam and resistance of the people, awaken Islamic countries and oppressed people throughout the world and attract them to Islam. Echo the message of Islam, even if very low, to the world and attract their attention. You respected hajj pilgrims are conveying the message of this nation (Iran) and are representatives of this country. Therefore, you hold an important position and bear a heavy responsibility. God willing, you will attract the attention of all though your exemplary manner and Islamic and revolutionary ethics, and will reveal the true profile of the Islamic Revolution to the world’s nations and attract their attention, with your fraternal and kind attitude, towards the great

revolution of Iran and in practice thwart the corrupt and biased conspiracies of the propaganda machinery. In this case your hajj is accepted, and you will be rewarded a double award. Otherwise, God forbid, some ignorant ones may act contrary to what was instructed, which is hoped will not happen, because in this case you have committed a great sin in the presence of God, in his house--the Qiblah of Muslims, and you will be excluded from the rank of hajj pilgrims of the tomb of the Prophet and the shrines of the innocent Imams in Baqi’, and will return to your house with a knapsack of sins. 3. It is very likely that a group of the misguided and enemies of the revolution and Islam may take part in this journey for the purpose of defaming the honorable pilgrims and mis- portraying the revolution and, indeed, Islam. They may join the ranks of the honorable pilgrims and commit inappropriate and un-Islamic acts. They might cause some faithful but deceived persons to follow them and create an excuse for the enemies of the revolution, who are carefully watching to find a weak point in the Iranian pilgrims and find fault in them. These enemies stand with the caravans and demonstrations and gatherings in the holy shrines. They make these issue one hundred times greater and broadcast them on the opposition mass media and weaken the revolution. In such cases it is incumbent upon all respected pilgrims, especially the honorable caravan supervisors and the ulema and vigilant persons to take extra care to watch the moves, residences and manners of the pilgrims. As soon as they see a mischievous move, they should forbid it and if a person insists on corruption, they should prevent him with gentleness and admonition. They should warn others to expel him from their ranks and be aware that when the corrupt try to make a hue and cry and create tension, they should restrain him from such matters. 4. Muslims present at the glorious shrines, regardless of whatever nation they be from, should recognize this very well—that the main enemy of Islam and the most generous Qur’an and the dignified Prophet, peace and the superpowers, especially the United States and its corrupt offspring, Israel. They have set a covetous eye upon the Islamic countries and they will not refrain from any crime or conspiracy in order to usurp the vast resources of these countries. The key to their success in this evil plot is sowing discord among Muslims by any means possible. In the hajj ceremonies, they might force individuals such as their client mullahs to create differences

between Shias and Sunnis. They might spread this satanis plot to the point where some simple hearted individuals might believe them and become a source of discord and corruption. Brothers and sisters of both sects must be vigilant and know that these blind hearted mercenaries are aiming at taking away Islam the Qur’an and the sunnah from among Muslims in the name of Islam, or at least to deviate them. Brothers and sisters must know that the United States and Israel are against the very foundation of Islam because they believe Islam, the Book and the Sunnah to be a thorn in their path that prevents them from usurpation, and because they have seen that Iran rose against them with this very Book and Sunnah and created a revolution and became victorious. Today the conspiracy against Iran and its government and the Hizbollah is in fact nothing more than an excuse. They were very much in fovour of Iran during the time of the shah, whose regime was devoted to them and had made everything in Iran dependent on them and followed the program of our country and their advisors and clients have been expelled. On the other hand, their real enemy is Islam as well, unless it is an Islam , created and prepared by some governments and mullahs who are even worse than the governments. They accept this Islam since Islam is their supporter and defender of their interests. It is this point of view of Islam which suppresses the innocent cries of the Iranian pilgrims in the center of revolution and ascension and declares them to be among those who cover the truth of religion. ‚An announcement from God and His Apostle unto the people on the day of the great pilgrimage, that God is immune from liability to polytheism.‛ (9:3) Therefore, it is a divine duty of the pilgrims to reject any issue raised which reeks of the intent to create discord among the ranks of Muslims. It is the divine duty of pilgrims to exempt themselves from those who cover over the truth of religion and their leaders in the holy shrines so that their hajj may be compared with that of Abraham, the father of the prophets, upon whom be peace, and of Mohammad, peace and the mercy of God be upon him and his descendants. Otherwise the saying, ‚many wailing, but few true pilgrims‛ would apply to them. 5. I have recommended and will recommend to the respected Iranian pilgrims, who are carrying the message of Islam, the Qur’an, and the Islamic Revolution, that they should not lose

their tolerance with Muslims in the holy shrines, whether in Mecca or Medina. They should even be peaceful towards the authorities and should not stand up and confront them in those centers, which are safe places. Treat everyone with humanitarian and Islamic manners and discourage all Muslims from violent acts with brotherly advide and admonition. Based on the dictates of the most exalted God, you should be patient with the ignorant and be very attentive to your own acts and residences as well as those of your friends. If your enemies treat you contrary to the mandates of the most generous Qur’an, do not retaliate, so that you may be reputable and obedient in the presence of God. You must know that large gatherings have an influence on man and it is possible that he may become entranced and follow a senseless slogan or saying. It is possible that during the hajj gatherings and demonstrations, which much be carried out peacefully, one or several misguided trouble-makers would raise a slogan incompatible with Islamic principles. But with their show of enthusiasm they may make an impression on the morale of the pilgrims and influence such deviations. It is necessary that the respected Iranian pilgrims be careful in such matters. Those in charge of directing peaceful demonstrations must carefully prepare all slogans. Before the start of the demonstrations those who are aware of various aspects and aware of the political and social issue should consult with my representative Hojjatoleslam Musavi Khoeiniha for the preparation of the slogans. The people should be informed and they should be told that they are obliged to follow the prepared slogans and not respond to other slogans and preserve order and peace. NEVER DISCARD ISLAMIC FRATERNITY 6. The nation and government of Iran, despite facing unwarranted opposition by many of the regional government, never intends to discard Islamic fraternity and resort to force. The regional states, instead of uniting and saving the region from the domination of the big powers, which look upon them as dependents, instead of standing against those who plunder their abundant wealth, particularly their oil, and instead of clearing the region of the filthy existence of Israel, have directed all their efforts into challenging the government and nation of Iran.

They have joined ranks with the enemy and the aggressor (Iraq) upon Iran, who, if it found the opportunity, would launch an aggression against the whole region, and co-operate comprehensively against Iran whose only crime is having Institutionalized Islamic tenets. They much know however, that the Iranian government, with the great power originating from the blessings of the Sublime God, as well as the support of a nation of some forty million, has the capability to reciprocate and this has been clearly proven. When the dependent governments are in trouble, the U.S. and other powers only extend them verbal support, or perhaps supply them with primary arms at high costs. But they never solve any of their problems. They cannot do so because a collision between the world powers would not allow them more than this. Nevertheless, we have always stretched our brotherly hands towards Islamic countries in an attempt to eliminate the influence of the superpowers. You, the governments of the region, saw what misfortune befell Saddam due to the U.S. and its allies at a time when Iran was in a state of revolution and disorder. By promising him the leadership of Qadisyah, they forced Saddam to launch an aggression upon our country from the ground, sea and air and the treachery of some of the authorities then in power, also provided him with greater opportunities. Nonetheless, despite all the unrest and troubles that the valiant navy, air and ground forces were coping with, yet along with the IRGC, Basij and other popular forces, they checked the enemy troops who had invaded vast areas of the country in a surprise attack. After not-too- long a period, despite all the support he (Saddam) was being extended, they expelled them (the Iraqi troops) from their country. Today also, you see the situation of this enemy of God and know that other regional governments are not so important when compared with Saddam. Today Saddam is flouncing about in this horrible quagmire looking for an escape route, but his cries reach nowhere. If Iran considered him a normal human being there might have been hope for him to be saved. But with the insane spirit he has, our nation would not overlook his unforgivable crimes, and leave him alone to continue his treachery, so they keep him in a state between life and death and in agonizing agitation, until an appropriate time.

And I hereby warn you, the governments of the region, to keep away from this plight through consultation with judicious persons and by contemplating your future, heedless of the promises of America and its friends, who want to get you into trouble and entrap you like Saddam Aflaqi, through whimsical imaginations in order to strengthen their presence in the region. You should be assured that it would not be to your disadvantage if you shake a brotherly hand with a government like the Iranian government, which is committed to Islam and which does not disobey divine orders. It would be then much better if the governments of the region mobilize all their forces for the eradication of Israel from the earth, a corrupt Israel which has caused the oppressed Palestinians so much pain and the heroic Lebanon so much oppression, and made so much tyranny and aggression upon the countries of the region. What would be better than a unity among the regional governments to save the region from the evil of Israel and its supporter America? I have repeatedly noted that Israel considers the area from the Nile to the Euphrates as belonging to itself, and looks upon you as usurpers of its lands, through it does not presently dare to explicitly announce this. In the same way, Saddam, the brother of Israel, too, is trying to dominate the region and would deprive everybody of place if we allow him the opportunity to attain such power. I advise you as a brother, and now it is up to you. And I warn governments like that of Egypt, not to be deceived by the U.S. conspiracy, and not to indulge in adventurist acts under the pretext of mining in the Red Sea and the Suez Canal, which they have made so much commotion about that one becomes confident that it is nothing but a conspiracy by the superpowers. As all know this, the main issue is still unknown. On the other hand, the damaging of several ships and the noise by colonialist governments like the U.S., Britain and France itself reveals their scheme for furthering their presence in that region, to the extent that the wider becomes confident of the vanity of the case. In any case, if Egypt wants to counter a government and nation like Iran then it should remember that the Muslim and revolutionary nations in the world will not remain silent and will condemn it. It would be in the interests of Egypt and the likes, not to let the U.S. and its friends

decide their fate and not to involve themselves in the conflict without reason. I pray to the Almighty for the victory of Islam, the suppression of that which covers over the truth of religion and the awareness of the Muslims and their commitment in improving Islamic objectives. May Peace and Mercy of God be upon you all. Ruhollah Musavi Khomeini, Dhul-Qa’dah 28, 1404 (August 26, 1984)

Philosophy of Hajj By Badru D. Kateregga ‚And proclaim unto mankind the pilgrimage (Hajj). They will come unto thee on foot and also on every lean camel; they will come from every deep ravine that they may witness things that are of benefit to them; and mention the name of Allah on appointed days over the beast of cattle that He has bestowed upon them. Then eat there of and feed therewith the poor and the distressed: Then let them accomplish their needful acts of cleansing and let them fulfil their vows and go round the ancient House (al Ka’abah) (Qo’ran 22:27-29) Literally the term Hajj means to have the intention of going on a pilgrimage. As a Shariah term: it implies all that which embraces worship in which a Moslem visits the Holy Ka’abah at Makkah and undertakes to perform all the laid down rites of devotion. Hajj is the Fifth and final pillar of Islam. It is also one of the finest institutions of Islam. The performance of Hajj is obligatory atleast once in a lift time of every Moslem, male or female who is mentally, financially and physically fit. The Qor’an teaches: ‚And pilgrimage to the House (al-Ka’bah) is incumbent upon men for the sake of Allah, upon everyone who is able to undertake the Journey.‛ (Qor’an 3:97) From what we have already said, Hajj is an obligatory ritual observable only once in a lift time of a Moslem as and when one is in a position of undertake it. Once the Prophet(s) was asked a question by a companion (Sahabi): “O Messenger of Allah! Is pilgrimage to be performed every year or once only” He replied, “Only once and whoever dose it more than once, it is supererogatory.” Both the Qor’an and Sunnah have explained in great detail the philosophy of Hajj, its place in religion and its significance. The Qor’an states:

‚Allah has therefore, a right on the people that the one who can afford to reach the House should perform Hajj there: and the one who disobeys (this commandment) Allah is all sufficient and dose not stand in need of any creature of the worlds‛ (Qor’an 3:97). From the above verse, we can comment that performance of Hajj is right of Allah on all Moslems who can afford it and at the same time, failure to perform Hajj inspite of possessing the means is a clear display of disbelief. The Hajj has a history and philosophy which need to be clearly understood before one can comprehend its objectives. It is however, beyond the scope of this paper to discuss the two in detail. Suffice to say that at the centre of Hajj is a true believer (Abraham), who in the midst of dominant forces of disbelief and polytheism proclaimed his strong belief in the unity and oneness of God. He made history by building up a strong everlasting and inspiring tradition, despite the ruthless falsehood that prevailed around him. He displayed the true spirit of faith and piety (Taqwa), sacrifice, sincerity, devotion, love and total submission to Allah. He lived an exemplary lift of a true servant of Allah thus bequeathing to the world the devotional worship of one Allah for all times. To commemorate the same events and revive the same spirit and faith Moslems from all over the world gather around the centre (Makkah), year after year to follow and repeat what their great leader, Prophet Ibrahim (A) had done centuries ago. In their performance of Hajj they give due thought and attention to all requirements, so that their Hajj may bear some resemblance with Prophet Abraham’s Hajj whose faith and sincerity is confirmed by the Qor’an thus: ‚And Abraham who carried out most faithfully the commands (of his Lord)‛ (Qor’an 53:37). HAJJ AS A FACTOR OF UNITY AND STRENGTH OF MOSLEMS: Hajj plays a vital role in protection of the spiritual roots of the Moslem Umma. It is the Hajj which helps to keep the Islamic faith safe from pollution, confusion and distortion. Hajj is a course of spiritual enrichment and moral re-armament; a course of interests and inspiring intensified devotion and disciplinary experience; a course of humanitarian interests and inspiring

knowledge. Hajj inspires the very ideals which were associated with Prophet Ibrahim and these are to name but a few; simplicity, profoundity, up-rightness, fidelity, tenderness, love and dedication. According to Abu Hassan Ali Nadawi; ‚Hajj is like a throbbing pulsating heart which is incessantly supplying new blood to the veins and arteries of the Ummat‛. Hajj affords an excellent opportunity of self examination to the Moslems. It helps them to confirm their commitment to Allah and their readiness to forsake the material interests while in His service. Through Hajj the Umma can safeguard its religious, cultural and intellectual identity and be enabled to ward off the challenges of the narrow nationalism and parochialism that are inimical to the fundamental spirit of Islam. It is a well known fact that Moslems all over the world live under different conditions. They face different problems and challenges. According to Imam Khomeine, ‘The Moslems’ problems are numerous, the most fundamental problem is that they have put the Qor’an aside and have followed the ideas of others‛. Apart from this fundamental challenge of turning away from the Qor’an Moslems continue to suffer from the global problems of stagnation, poverty, disease, hunger, turmoil, ignorance, affluence, etc., sometimes they are plagued with problems relating to culture, civilization, nationalism and materialism. In one country the government under which Moslems live may be progressive; and full of Islamic spirit like in the Islamic Republic of Iran, and in another it may be reactionary, despotic and anti-Islam. But that be as it is, the need is always there for the spark of faith in them to be stirred, the sentiment of love to be aroused and the practical lesson of unity and self sacrifice to be imparted. Allah has made the Hajj the spring season in which the ever green tree of the Ummah wears new blossoms and the universal fraternity of Islam reasserts itself. Hajj serves as an effective protection against sinful customs and practices. During the Hajj Moslems gather before Allah and get to know each other and benefit from each other’s company. In the same way, the pilgrims get acquainted with the spiritual and historical environment of Prophet Mohammad (s) which enables them to acquire ware inspirations and strength for their faith.

Hajj is a unique assembly. It is the largest annual convention of faith, where Moslems meet to know one another, study their common affairs and promote their general welfare, Hajj is the biggest assembly of peace and devotion, ever registered in the history of mankind. The True Impact of the Hajj By Abdullah Deedat The Hajj as we know is an assembly of masses of humanity who gather to affirm their trust in Allah and their belief in Islam as a full and total way of life. The pilgrims are able to witness the progress of their fellow Moslems, and also their shortcomings. ‚They will come from every deep ravine. That they may witness things that are of benefit to them.‛ (22:28) The Qoranic lines explicitly tell us that ideas and experiences must be exchanged to the benefit of all those who are in the common-wealth of Islam and then be passed on to the entire humanity for the Moslems are ‚the middle nation‛ extending the benefits of Islam to all around them. ‚Unto Allah belongs the East and the West. He guides to the straight path those who wish to be guided. Thus have we made you a middle nation that you may be witness against mankind and that the Apostle be a witness against you.‛ (2:142 & 143) There are so many matters of urgency facing the world of Islam. The inroads of foreign ideologies and religions. The inroads of foreign ideologies and religions. The corrupt governments in so many Moslem countries, the problems of the minorities in non-Moslem lands. The question of propagation of Islam which spread from this very Holy Land. All these matters of mutual benefit have to be on the agenda of Hajj year after year.

The man made difference existing between the people of the world have to be affected and scorned and condescending attitude have to vanish in answer to the Qoranic call. ‚O those who have accepted faith, let not one people scorn and deride another people, nor let the women deride other women folk lest those whom you scorn and deride are better than you. Nor shall you defame one another nor insult one another be the use of odious nicknames. Evil it is to undertake an unjust course after the claim of having attained faith.‛ (49:11) The brotherhood of Islam is fostered and the doubts and suspicions that men have must be removed. ‚O those who truly believe, avoid being given to suspicion in most matters for some of the suspicion is an act of criminality and do not seek out the faults of others through spying nor speak ill of anyone in their absence.‛ (49:12) Allah wants social problems to be on non existent of all founded suspicions. Suspicions lead to discord and enmity. Through Hajj one knows the stand of neighbouring Moslem countries and all disputes can be settled through the representation of every member of the international Moslem community. The Hajj is the greatest symbol of the unity of mankind. We discard all our differences of colour, wealth, status and language and hearken to the words of our Creator. ‚O members of the human race most certainly we created you from a single male and a female and distributed you into nations and tribes so that you may know, understand and cooperate with one another. Most certainly the best of you in the evalution of Allah is the most virtuous of you in his deeds and human behaviour.‛ (49:13) Again in the above verse the term ATQAA is emphasized. It means the one who possesses the most TAQWAA. The blessed Prophet Mohammad (s) during the farewell pilgrimage amplified on the verse and emphasized its importance.

He said: “There is no superiority of an Arab over a non-Arab nor a non-Arab over an Arab; just as a white is not superior to a black nor is a superior to a white, Superiority can only be through the possession of TAQWAA.” Everywhere in Islam the stress is on TAQWAA and the Hajj is to allow us to realize this divine goal. The dimensions of Hajj in the Qoran are limitless and should be dealt in a voluminous publication. What we can agree upon is that this great Divinely ordained institution is not only neglected but abused. The original goals were set down by the Patriarch Ebraheem (AS) when he said. “Make this place a region of security and shower upon its adherents abundant fruits” And again ‚Our Load: do raise up on their midst a messenger from among them who shall rehearse onto them your revelations and shall instruct them in the Scriptures and wisdom and cause them to attain prosperity, certainly you and only you are the Mighty the Wise.‛ (2:129) We must prosper but the entire institution of Hajj has to be purified and the instructions given to the Prophets Ebraheem and Ismail (AS) too still hold true: ‚And we imposed a duty upon Ebraheem and Ismail (saying): Purify my house for those who meditate therein and those who truly submit and prostrate themselves (to My will).‛ (2:125) The cleansing and purifying of the environs of the Holy House is a living Sunnah of Sayyidina Ebraheem and Ismail. It is a standing commandment of Allah. We don’t expect the Saudi regime to remove the impurities. They themselves are the impurities designed to the world of Islam and should be removed. We have to see its fulfillment.

If Hajj is purified then we will all be transfused with the purest spirit of Islam and then only can we raise our heads aloft and become true leaders of the world. We must pray as the Qoran teaches us to pray during the Hajj. ‚Our Lord and Cherisher, grant us all that is of goodly benefit in this worldly existence and all that is of goodly benefit in the world hereafter and save us from a fiery doom.‛ (2:201) Even during the most important devotion in our lives Allah wants us to be conscious of our earthly sojourn and to ask for an existence of selfrespect, independence and dignity. May Allah through the institution of Hajj allow the Ummah to take its rightful place in the world. May we learn from the Qoran the lessons of Absolute truth, Absolute justice and Absolute dauntlessness for then shall we be called upon to take up the leadership of the world for which we have been earmarked. Political & Economic Significance of Hajj By Abubakar Mustapha Hajj, which is recognized as an Annual Universal Assembly of the Moslem Ummah and as an International Moslem Trade Fair, conveys political and economic ideals in its performance which has great value and relevance upon the political and economic lift of the Moslem Ummah. But for the mere fact that the handlings of Hajj affairs has been so much localized and its performance made a private an individual affair and that the political and economic meanings and values attached to its performance is not really felt and effectively utilized by the Moslem Ummah, I will (in this paper) therefore try to analyze the political-economic meaning, values and ideals attached to the performance of Hajj and see its relevance upon the present political- economic conditions of the Moslem world. I will try to explain why these values, benefits and ideals derived from its performance are not directly felt by the Moslem Ummah and try to establish those who are presently directly enjoying the political-economic benefits attached to the

performance of Hajj apart from the generality of the Moslem Ummah. Finally, I will give some recipe as to how best the politico-economic meanings, values and ideals attached to its performance could be realized effectively for the maximum benefits of the Moslem Ummah. The institution of Hajj has been described as an Annual Universal Assembly of the Moslem people which Sayyed Qutb termed as an ‚Universal Conference for Understanding and Co-operation.‛ The Qoran Says: ‚And proclaim Hajj among men: they will come to thee on foot and (mounted) on every kind of camel, lean on account of journeys through deep and distant mountain highways: that they may witness the benefits provided for them and celebrate the name of Allah, through the Days appointed, over the cattle which He has provided for them (for sacrifice): then eat ye thereof and feed the distressed ones in want.‛ (22:27 28) Among the benefits provided for mankind in the performance of Hajj is the politico- economic benefits which rank next to the spiritual benefits. Hajj which is an annual universal assembly of the Moslem people all over the world could be considered also as the ‘United Nations General Assembly of the Moslems.’ The Period of Hajj too could be regarded as the period of the annual conference of the Moslem people which affords the most conductive atmosphere for the true understanding and effective co-operation among the Moslem countries in which quarrels, rancor and disputes are prohibited. As a conference too, its performance demonstrates the quality, brotherhood, fraternity and the unity of the people all over the world. Hajj as the annual conference of the Moslem people, has afforded the most conductive atmosphere for the conduct of any meeting either for co-operation, difference of the Moslem peoples from aggression, the adoption of a common stand against enemies and friends alike and the settlement of disputes and reconciliation among Moslems by the prohibition of rancor, disputes and quarrels. The Qoran Says:

For Hajj are the months well known, if any one undertakes that duty therein let there be no obscenity, nor wickedness, nor wrangling in the Hajj. And whatever good ye do (be sure) Allah Knoweth it. And take a provision (with you) for the journey, but the best of provisions is right conduct. So fear Me, O ye that are wise. (2:197) According to the above verse, in the conduct of the meeting, any kind of wickedness or any co-operation bound upon wickedness is prohibited. Also quarrels and rancour in the conduct of the meeting are prohibited and whatever good one dose, Allah takes account of that. If the Qoranic injunction is adhered to the performance of Hajj and any meeting thereto must be the most peaceful, most orderly, and most successful. A meeting conducted under such an atmosphere leads to firmer and well established co- operation for the promotion and welfare of world as envisaged by the Qoran when it says: And hold fast all together, by the Rope which Allah (stretches out for you) and be not divined among yourselves; and remember with gratitude Allah’s favour on you; for ye were enemies and He joined your hearts in love, so that by His Grace Ye became brethren; and ye were on the brink of the pit of fire and He saved you from it. Thus doth Allah make His signs clear to you that ye may be guided. (3:103) Again the Qoran Says: Help ye one another in righteousness and piety but help not one another in sin and rancor; Fear Allah for Allah is strict in punishment.‛ (5:2) Such type of co-operation is only possible through the institution of consultation in which people of authority representing all shades of opinion, nations or tribes consult each other on matters of common interest and co-operation which may lead to the betterment of the conditions of Moslems in particular and the world in general. The Qoran describes the affairs as: Those who hearken to their lord and establish salat; who (conduct) their affairs by mutual consultation, who spend out of what we bestow on them for sustenance; and those

who when an oppressive wrong is inflicted on them (are not cowed but) help and defend themselves.‛ (42:38-39) Hajj which afforded the coming together of a representative of all the Moslems in a conductive ground for mutual consultation and the conduct of politico-economic affairs. This consulation for the search for an effective co-operation among the Moslem affords the best opportunity for the realization of the brotherhood of Moslem Ummah all over the world. ‚The Believers, men and women are protectors one of another; they enjoin what is just and forbid what is evil; they observe salat, give out zakat and obey Allah and His Apostle. On them will Allah pour His mercy for Allah is exalted in power, Wise.‛ (9:71) The performance of Hajj also helps the Moslem in the realization and understanding of the equality existing among them. For example, all of them are dressed the same, speak the same language, do the same act and go forth to the same direction which cut across linguistic, geographical, tribal, political and economic barriers. This leads to the reflecting upon the Qoranic verse which says: O, Mankind! we created you from a single (pair) of a male and a female, and made you, into nations and tribes, that you may know each other (not that you may despise each other). Verily the most honourned of you in the sight of Allah is (he who is) the most righteous of you. And Allah has full knowledge and is well acquainted (with all things). (49:13) From the above verses, one could understand the political significance of the performance of Hajj which is regarded as the forum for consultation and a mean of co-operation. This leads to the universal unity and brotherhood of the Moslem Ummah in which all are equal in the sight of Allah and conduct their affairs with the utmost equality. The significance of Hajj in the economic field is also very great. The period of Hajj serves as an International Moslem Trade Fair and Mecca becomes the world market. Its performance also serves as a forum for the exchange of goods, experiences and ideals on production, distribution and supplies of common goods, raw materials, semi-manufactured and

manufactured goods. This hopefully leads to a firmer understanding and co-operation among all Moslem nations. According to the observation of Seyyed Qutb, Hajj is an International Moslem Trade Fair and an universal market. This is because Moslem are to take their provisions to Hajj so that they may not be forced to beg during the performance of their duties. The importance of this provision is realized effectively when the concepts of foreign exchanges and traveler’s cheques, Bank draft etc. were unknown and during that period the provisions are taken to Saudi Arabia by various pilgrims included things which they themselves made in their home countries. This made the exchange of goods and the inter-Moslem trade in favour of the Moslems. This idea led to the introduction and the development of the techniques of ‘Abba Allaji’ in Borno which later in 1950’s known as ‘Zanna Bukar’ in Kunuri and ‘Kune’ in Hausa. But this trade between inter- Moslem is disappearing in favour of non-Moslem countries and making the Moslem nations dependent. Such a flow of trade between Moslems is what the Qoran instructed, as it says: ‚O you who believe! Eat not up your property among yourselves in vanities: but let there be amongst you traffic and trade by mutual goodwill: nor kill (or destroy) yourselves; for verily Allah hath been to you Most Merciful! If any do that in rancour and injustice soon shall We cast them into the fire: and easy it is for Allah‛ (4:29 30) Such provisions taken by pilgrams could be regarded as traffic and trade by mutual good- will among the Moslems. Hajj also serve as a forum for the advertisement of such good i.e., where they are available, how cheap they are, how easy to get them, and what raw materials do they need. For the consumer it serves as a market research to determine which commodity is cheaply and easily obtained in what country. While to the producer also it serves a means through which one can determine the proximity of the product to the ‘Market’ i.e,, the place of purchase or the consumer. The implication of this is that both the producer and consumer, will come to know as who needs what and who have what? The realization of which makes the inter-Moslem traffic and trade possible.

Apart from this, Hajj leads to the exchange of ideas and experiences in the production of common goods and products among the various Moslem pilgrims. This will help greatly in benefiting from the experiences of others, for example the way they tackled the problem of drought in the production of, say cotton. This exchange of ideas and experiences may possibly lead to the establishment of co-operation based on common problems and interest. For example, if Saudi Arabia, Sudan or any other desert countries wants to produce enough tomatoes for its people, it must learn from the experiences of Lybya in the production of tomatoes or in making the desert an evergreen forest. From the above politico-economic benefits derived from the performance of Hajj one will be forced to ask if these benefits are directly or indirectly enjoyed by the Moslems presently. If one critically views the manner in which Hajj affairs are conducted and Hajj itself is performed, one may conclude that there is no politico-economic benefits enjoyed by the Moslems in the performance of Hajj. For instance, the performance of Hajj has been localized and made just a ‘ritual’. All efforts are therefore geared towards the effective performance of the rituals. Pilgrims are only enlightened on how to perform the Hajj only with rancor, obscenity, wranglings and quarrels. (For example, here in Nigeria, pilgrims start pilgrimage first with abuses, fights, wranglings etc., at the place of payment, and at the pilgrims’ camp, while boarding the plane, in performing the Tawwaf, at the place of throwing stones etc.) Added to this, those who are aware of the politico-economic significance of Hajj are not allowed to indulge in anything other than performance of the rituals. For example the Kingdom issues orders from time to time that there should not be any political discussions and no literature on politics be introduced in to the Kingdom. This therefore made the pilgrims ignorant of the political and economic conditions of other fellow Moslems. For example, many Moslems performed the Hajj, during which the Palestinians were not afforded the chance to explain their case against Israel to their fellow brothers and sisters from all over the world. Nor the Philippinoes were given the chance to explain the aggression and brutality against them. Also the Afghans were not given the chance to state their problems to their fellow brothers and sisters.

No effort has been made so far to achieve a common stand and strategy for helping the oppressed Moslems of the world. For the fact that these issues are not discussed, majority of the Moslems are not aware of their imminent dangers for the Moslems and those Moslems who are aware are ill—informed of the details. So the oppressed Moslem people all their fellow brothers and sisters, lack of which deprived them of the support of their fellow Moslems. While Allah instructs that: ‚The Believers, men and women, are protectors one of another, they enjoin what is right and forbid what is evil.‛ (9:71) Also the Prophet (S) says: “The Believers are like the organs of the body, if one organ suffers from a disease all organs feel the effect of the disease.” The Umara ul Hajj or delegations meet with heads of delegates of the Kingdom for formal introduction, good—will messages and feast. Unlike during the reign of King Hussain (1916-1924) in which he used the Hajj to convoke international conferences. In 1924 Hajj, all the delegates were made to discuss and condemn the Palestinian Mandate, the Balfour Declaration and above all to call for Moslems’ unity all over the world. It is generally believed that, the attack on the imperialist by King Hussain made his position so volatile that Abd al-Aziz Al-Sa’ud was inspired by the imperialists to invade Hejaz and defeated King Abd al-Aziz Al-Sa’ud later justified the involvement and support of the imperialists in the overthrow of King Hussain. The charge was that secular politics has entered into the performance of Hajj and that King Abd al- Aziz was determined to purge the Hajj of secular politics and administer it as a purely religious event. To the students of history and politics, there is nothing secular either in the Balfour Declaration in which the foundation of a Jewish national home in Palestine was recognized or in the Palestine Mandate in which the establishment of the Jewish National home made possible for the admittance of Jews into Palestine. This led to the consequent Arab-Israeli conflicts. Or was the call for the Moslem unity a secular cell? Also King Abd al-Aziz called and Islamic Congress

during the 1926 Hajj to discuss mainly the guardianship of the Haramain. Delegates to the conference were specifically instructed to confine their debates on Hijaz and Hajj and not to discuss inter-Moslem politics and international issue. He also in the 1937 Hajj, prohibited the supreme Arab Committee of Palestine from holding a conference in Mecca because he did not want to mix religion with politics. But this political indifference to appease the imperialists started to be curtailed during the region of King Faisal especially during the Hajj of 1966 in which he declared in the banquet for the heads of the Hajj delegations: ‚In our call for Islam, for the pursuit of God’s book and His Prophet’s sunnah, we encountered allegations, oppositions and muddling. However, as your brother, I am telling you now frankly, that what we call for is Moslem approachement, love, co-operation and mutual assistance in all their needs of life in this world and the hereafter. It is not our intention at all that Moslems commit aggression against anyone. We do not wrong believers and monotheists (i.e., Moslems, Christians and Jews) no matter what their colour, race or doctrine. We urge our Moslem brothers to be as one hand, observe the Qor’an and the Sunnah and neglect any system, ideology or positive (i.e., secular) law which contradicts the Qor’an and the Sunnah. This call, brothers, offends or displeases certain circles and some evil powers like imperialism, communism and Zionism. I am absolutely sure that Moslems will not be feeble, and will not fail to support their religion, unify their ranks and co-cooperate in righteousness and piety. ‚King Faisal also denounced the desecration of the Aqsa Moslem by Israel and insisted that the mosque belongs to all Moslems and called upon all Moslems to rise up to their responsibilities and defend their faith and their sanctuaries, during the 1968 Hajj. In that Hajj also, Ibrahim Zayd al-Kilani a Jordanian Radio Commentator was allowed during the Hajj to boardcast Denunciation of Israel and Zionism. During the 1969 Hajj, King Faisal called for a jihad to liberate Palestine and the Moslem holy places in Jerusalem by all Moslems in the world. In the same Hajj the Palestinian Commando group FATAH was permitted to propagate and justify their stand against Israel and solicit support, patronage, contributions and sympathy from the pilgrims representing the world of

islam. Also a joint Fatwa was issued by the ulama of Saudi-Arabia, Egypt, Iraq and Iran in which the support to the Commandos was declared as a religious obligation, and a justification for the jihad against Israel in Islamic perspective was agreed. This propaganda was broadcasted by the Radio and Television all over the Moslem world. The culmination of such a stand of king Faisal led to his mysterious death by a man described as a ‚madman‛ like the defeat of King Hussain in 1924. Also the charges and accusation against King Faisal were that he was too secular in his approach to the affairs of Hijaz and Hajj. Prominent among the accusation was his introduction of the Television and Radio as a media for effective propagation during the Hajj against the imperialists, Zionist and the other enemies of Islam. But during of reign of King Khalid and King Fahad, the political fervor and the call for a Jihad against the common enemies of Islam is dead. For example, the Iranian brothers who liked to revive this fervour are harassed, arrested and barred from the performance of Hajj when they called upon Moslems to realize the crime of Zionism, American Imperialism and for Moslem unity. No attempt is being made for all Moslems to meet and discuss the affairs of Hajj so that this could serve as a forum not only to discuss but also to arrive at a common stand in all issue affecting the Moslem as was done prior to their reign. The absence of such a forum at Hajj of the present time has made it a mere formality and it has made the Moslems unaware of what is happening to their other brothers and sisters in other places. Again, because of the ineffectiveness of such a meeting no efforts are geared towards the establishment of politico-economic co- operation among the Moslem countries. This further isolated the Moslems and they are unaware of the conditions of each other. In the field of economy, the trade among the Moslems is usually in goods not produced by them. For example, Saudi Arabia buys consumer goods from Japan, USA, Korea, Taiwan, China etc. and sells them to the pilgrims. Even some of the pilgrims bring into Sauda Arabia goods from countries other than their own, for example goods made in China, Taiwan etc. and re- sell them to other Moslems. Millions of Belgian-made carpets, Swiss and Japanese wrist watches are imported and sold. Most of the expensive textile materials are imported from Europe and Japan. The wheat used in Saudi Arabia, most of the cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and canned

goods, come from the United States. Also Chinese fountain-pen sets, schaeffer pens, umbrellas and large amount of canned goods are imported for the pilgrims. Due to lack of exchange control regulations in Saudi Arabia, the Banks which are mostly foreign owned and controlled do an excellent business in foreign exchange and currency exchange. But Nigerians are lucky to be taking goods manufactured in Nigeria like textile-Kaduna Textile, Bagauda Textiles, Ikeja print, Enugu print. But even in this field there is no attempt to foster any relationship between Egypt and Nigeria or Sudan and Nigeria in the field of cotton production and textile technology. In the field of transportation majority of the pilgrims are transported by aircrafts of non- Moslem countries while those of the Moslem countries’ remain virtually idle during the period of Hajj operation. For example the Saudi Airlines, Kuwait Airlines, Qatar Airlines, Libyan Airlines. Iranian Airlines etc. are virtually transporting very few compared to the British Airways, KLM, Alitalia, Sabena, Air Afrique etc. In this respect one has to appreciate and congratulate the Nigerian Pilgrim Board for inviting the Iranian Airlines to partipate in the air lifting of pilgrims to Saudi Arabia last year. Many people could not explain why the operation of last year was the most successful. It was not the Amirul Hajj which played any miracle but the efforts of the Iranian Airlines must have contributed towards the success of the operation. The meat of the sacrificed animals which is meant for the poor is wasted and buried under the ground while millions of Moslems all over the world spend months without meat. The implication of which at the international level is that, the Moslems do not take part in charitable acts but left the work for the Red Cross and other similar organizations. But the aids coming from such organizations always have strings attached, either in the politics or economics. In short I will discuss the implication of such waste in the performance of Hajj. The Moslems are not directly or indirectly reaping the politico-economic benefits in the performance of Hajj. One is therefore tempted to inquire who is reaping such benefits directly or indirectly. A simple and straight forward answer to this question is that, it is the imperialists who reap the politico-economic benefits from the performance of Hajj by Moslems. Because of the political ‚silence‛ in the performance of Hajj, there is no support and sympathy for the oppressed

Moslem people from their fellow brothers and sisters. This lack of awareness and sympathy leads to lack of unity amongst the Moslem people. The lack of unity leads to a firmer and stronger political subjugation of the Moslems as in Afghanistan in which USSR is free and undisturbed in perpetuating her aggression upon the Afghan Mujahideen, while the USA has a freest hand in the Middle East and Africa in the economic exploitation of the Moslem people. The Moslem world depend upon the US dollars, the British Pound sterling, French Franc etc. for their foreign exchange. For example, if in Nigeria, travelers cheques in dollars is bought at rate of siztyfive kobo per dollar up to sixty five million Dollars and it happens that it is devalued by 5k per Dollar when the travelers cheques are on their way to USA for settlement, there is a profit of five kobo for the USA on each dollar which is a gross profit of $5.42m from the pilgrims in Nigeria only. If we see it at the whole Moslem world the benefit is fantastically high. Apart from the use of their currencies, we use the means of their transportation, so much so that the money for transportation mainly benefit them. Also ninety percent of the consumer goods traded during the Hajj are goods made in countries other than Muslim countries. We use therefore the forum of Hajj to advertise, promote and dump their goods in the Moslem countries. Such a situation makes the Moslem world so much dependent upon the imperialist countries that we become politically and economically incapable of becoming independent, self-sufficient and self-reliance. We have seen that both the political and economic benefit derived from the performance of Hajj directly or indirectly go to the imperialist countries. We also have to understand the political and economic conditions of the Moslem world before we discuss how bests the Hajj should be performed in relation to the existing political and economic conditions of the Moslem world. This is an attempt as relating Hajj to the practical solutions of the politico-economic problems existing in the Moslem world in particular and the world in general. One of the greatest political problems in the Moslem world presently is the extent of disunity among the Moslem countries.

Sometime this disunity is accompanied by an unawareness of the political situations of the world. For example, when Iraq was instigated by the United States of America to launch a war against Iran, Iraq by implication, was unaware of the logistic dimension of the war. It was also unaware of the consequences of the war upon Islam, whether they become the vectors or the vanquished. The most disappointing and shameful thing in the whole episode between Iran and Iraq, is the attitude of the Saudi Kingdom in inviting their almighty friend America to help and protect them with the ‚AWACS‛. This attitude in the light of the Qor’an is. ‚O you who believe! Take not the Jews and the Christians for your friends and protectors. They are but friends and protectors to each other. And the amongst you that turns to them (for friendship) is of them. Verily Allah guideth not a people unjust.‛ (5:51) Here the Qor’an is very explicit in teaching us not to look to them for help, comfort and protection. The happened more than once during lift-time of the Prophet (S). As such anyone among the Moslems who associates with them and shares their counsels in seen as one of them. This is because such an association weakens the earnestness of our FAITH and make us cynical and insincere. After all ‚the trimmer loses whichever way the wheel of fortune turns.‛ Qor’an further states. ‚Never will the Jews or the Christians be satisfied with thee unless thou follow their form of religion. Say: ‚the Guidance of Allah-that is the (only) Guidance. ‚Were thou to follow their desires after the knowledge which hath reached thee, then wouldst thou find neither Protector nor Helper against Allah.‛ (2:120) As the Qor’an says and it is perfectly true that the military principles granted by the Saudi Arabian government to the government of America to station their ‚AWACS‛ at the peak of the Iran-Iraq war, will not satisfy the Americans unless the Saudis subdued themselves to America and follow their faith. This attitude of our brothers in Saudi Arabia might be due to the unawareness of the logistic implications of the AWACS in the heart of the Moslem world, when in fact the logistics gathered by the US passes to the Israelis who are the arch-enemy of Islam and Moslems.

Despite this disunity and complete unawareness of some political logistics, we are yet to have the supreme say in the choice and deposition of our leaders. This means that our governments are sometimes formed and replaced at the instance of some foreign powers and we cannot sometimes bring into office a government of our choice. In some to the Moslem countries, leaders are overthrown with foreign advice and finance. If such leaders refuse to serve the interests of these foreign countries and in their place a puppet is imposed as a leader. Such type of leaders when they come to office, remain in office as long as the interests of their sponsors are safeguarded even against the interests of the Moslem Ummah. Because of the apparent lack of unity among the Moslems coupled with the lack of awareness of political logistics and the marked inability of the Moslem Ummah to elect its leaders, an attempt to have a common stand becomes very impossible in the Moslem world. All sorts of oppression are committed against the Moslem Ummah in Afghanistan, Lebanon, Philippines, Eriteria, India, etc. but the Moslem world is yet to com out collectively to condemn these brutality committed against Moslems in these countries. What therefore could not be condemned collectively, collective action against them will be difficult to come by. Also Moslem people after some periods of so-called independence are still politically and economically subjugated by the imperialists. And attempt to become politically and economically independent is collectively sabotaged by the imperialists. This is what is now happening to our brothers and sisters in Afghanistan with a direct military involvement by the USSR. Libya and Iran are still facing this sabotage from the imperialists. Sometime these political and economic sabotage from the Moslem Ummah are done with the assistance of some other Moslem Ummah. Apart from the political problems existing in the Moslem world today, there are a lot of economic problems within the Moslem world which make self reliance and self-sufficiency very difficult indeed. The Moslem world is also characterized with grave underdevelopment with poor per capita income and Gross National Product (GNP) coupled with the threat of hunger and disease. They have little or no economic cooperation and wish little inter-Moslem trade, but the choice of trade partners was modeled after the colonial legacies of trade pattern.

S. Shahid Hussain has grouped the Moslem countries according to their level of economic development. He grouped the Islamic world as follows: (i) The Moslem Oil producing countries with high per capita incomes, good balance of payment surpluses, large capital outflows, with large international reserve, high Export-Import Ratio; with comparatively very small agriculture sectors, medium to small agriculture sectors, medium to small manufacturing sectors with a small population characterized by shortage of labour. (ii) Moslem countries that have small populations and relatively low Per capita incomes such as Afghanistan, Cameroun, Chad, Gambia, Mali, Somalia and Yemen. (iii) Large Moslem countries with relatively developed industrial and agricultural sectors like Turkey, Egypt and Pakistan. (iv) Large and densely populated Moslem countries with heavy pressure on presently developed resources such as Bangladesh, Indonesia, Pakistan and Syria. Despite the above classifications, most of the Moslem world fall under the category of (LDCs) Less Developed Countries with little or no technological know-how with a wrong concept of technology in form of TV sets and some high range of luxury items as marks of technological development. Also about 40% of the whole Moslem world is undernourished and at the verge of facing famine and starvation. Coupled with these problems is that it has very poor per capita incomes and (GNP) Gross National Products. The pattern of trade and trade partners has not radically changed from the ones left by the colonialists. One of the main defects of the Moslem world is that they produced less than they consumed, so much so that most of these countries fall under consumer nations with infavourable balance of trade. For example the Moslem world produce only 4.4% world sheep but consumed about 14% of it. The Moslem world imported in 1975 about 34.48% of the internationally traded rice. While it could only export about 6% of both milled wheat and rice. The difference between the import-export apart from the low rate of production in the Moslem countries is also reflected in comparatively low prices of raw materials and high prices of the manufactured article from the same raw materials. This double-edged disadvantage is always working against Moslem

countries’ balance of trade in favour of the imperialist countries through their multi-national corporations. The above economic problem is continuous in the Moslem countries as there is minimal or negligible commodity exchange among the Moslem countries. This is also sustained by the absence of economic co-operation and agreements among the Moslem countries in from of preferential trade agreements, pricing and buying policies and reviving of their level of production etc. The trade between the Moslem countries is very poor compared to the trade between the Moslem world and the imperialist countries. For instance in 1975 the total trade of the Moslem countries amounted to about $ 180:00 billion and trade among themselves amounted only to $ 12.00 billion about 7 %. By 1975 among the Moslem countries only Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, Mali, Qatar and Somalia imported more than 50% of their goods from the markets of other Moslem countries. Only Bahrain and Democratic Republic of Yemen among the Moslem countries. Algeria exports its natural gas to France and France export natural gas to Morocco. Much trouble could be saved if Algeria exports its natural gas direct to Morocco, and it will not have the burden of ‘extra profit’ to pay to France plus the double cost of transport i.e., Algeria-France-Morocco. Also, Egypt is the tenth major exporter of textile yarn and thread which it exports to Western Europe. While Algeria, Indonesia and Iran get all their supply of yarn and thread from Western Europe. Turkey exports livestock to Italy and France while Indonesia exports its livestock needs from Australia, Canada, France, Germany, Ireland and the Netherlands. The above picture of the inter-Moslem trade will be very explicit with the below statistical representation of the percentage of inter-Moslem trade by 1975.

Percentage of Export or Import Between Muslim Countries in 1975 NUMBER OF COUNTRIES Export Import (a) More than 50% 62 (b) 40% - 49% 20 (c) 30% - 39% 21 (d) 20% - 29% 58 (e) 10% - 19% 88 (f) Less than 10% 21 15 TOTAL 44 44 The conclusion drawn from the above statistical representation is that less than 10% of the Moslem countries by 1975 were actually having trade among themselves. It implied also that, they were paying dearly and exorbitantly for what they could easily and cheaply buy from their brother Moslems. For example Morocco could easily and cheaply buy natural gas from Algeria without France getting her middleman profit. RECOMMENDATION AND SUGGESTIONS This is an attempt to recommend some ways and suggest some means which will make possible the realization of the politico-economic benefit of the Hajj by the Moslem Ummah in Particular and the world in general. This is in a way makes the performance of Hajj to foster positive unity, solidarity and co-operation amidst a panorama of diversity of languages, races and colour. Such unity is anticipated to lead the Moslem Ummah to an ultimate freedom from exploitation of all kinds and subjugations in all members. (I) (i) As it has been seen that King Hussain was eliminated from the throne as he started to condemn the British Mandate of Palestine and the creation of the State of Israel. Also King Faisal was mysteriously eliminated as the started to amount a vigorous campaign against

imperialism, Zionism and communism after the defeat of the Arabs by Israel in 1967. They were easily eliminated because they undertaken by the Moslem Ummah in general. As such I suggest that a Hajj commission be set up to handle all affairs of Hajj. (ii) The Commission shall consist of a President/Chairman (Amiral-Umara’) from the various Heads of delegations (Amir ul-Hujjaj) for a period a four to five years. He will be assisted by various vice-President/Chairman representing at least the following regions. (a) Middle East (b) Near East (c) Far East (d) Maghrib and North Africa (e) East and South Africa (f) West and Central Africa (g) Europe (h) North and South America (iii) Membership of this Commission which will be regarded as the Majlis ‘Amm’ (General Assembly) of the Moslem Ummah of the world is to consist of: (a) All foreign ministers of the Moslem States and where Moslems are in majority any senior Minister who is a pious Moslem. (b) All the Grand Muftis of the Moslem countries where this office is already established. (c) All the Ummah ul-Hajj (Heads of Delegations) of all the Moslem countries or the Chairman of their Pilgrim Boards. (iv) The aim and objective of this Commission is to lead the Moslem Ummah all over the world towards a solid unity for the realization of their independence, progress, and social justice according to the ethics of Islam. It will also co-ordinate the affairs of the Ummah and disseminate the Knowledge of Islam in all fields. (v) The Commission is to have the following Standing Committees: (a) Finance and General Purposes Committee. (b) Political and Administration Committee.

(c) Economic and Charity Committee. (d) Public Health, Sanitation and Welfare Committee. (e) Public Enlightenment and Mass Education Committee. The above Committees may have sub-Committees and ad-hoc Committees with specific programmes relating to the area of the Committee which sets it. (vi) The Commission is to draft the Khutba to be delivered at Arafat. Make up all resolutions adopted during the various meetings conducted in the period of the Hajj. (vii) The Commission should try to resolve all disputes between Moslem countries on the basis of Islamic brotherhood without interference from any power as the Qoran states: ‚If two parties among the believers fall into a quarrel, make ye peace between them: but if one of them transgresses beyond bounds against the other, then fight ye (all) against the one that transgresses until it complies with the command of Allah, but if it complies then make peace between them with justice and be fair: for Allah loves those who are fair (and just). The Believers are but a single Brotherhood: so make peace and Reconciliation between your two (contending) brothers: and fear Allah that ye may receive Mercy‛ (49:9- 10). (2) The institution of vista is to be waived for all Moslem so as to give the chance to all without restrictions to perform either Hajj or Umra’ as much as one can afford. This is if the Commonwealth countries could waive visa among themselves. I see no reason why with common faith we cannot aspire to do so equally or even more effectively. To safeguard the interest of the general Moslems, the entry is only to last for 15 days. Nobody will be allowed into Saudi Arabia without a confirmed return ticket whose confirmation must be within the 15 days limit for Umra.’ (3) All the Moslem countries all over the world are to conferrights and privileges upon Moslems of other states, as accorded to their own citizens. (4) Hajj Fund is to be established under the supervision of the Finance and General Purposes Committee. It will have its own Hajj Bank to do all Bank transactions during Hajj. (5) The meat of the sacrificed animals must be effectively utilized, but the present condition under which the meat is buried in the ground left much to be desired as it was done

during Jahiliyya in which the meat was prohibited to be eaten. In the period of Islam the Qoran Says: ‚It is not their meat nor their blood that reaches Allah; it is your piety that reaches Him. He has thus made them subject to you, that ye may glorify Allah for his guidance to you: And proclaim the good news to all who do right. (22:37) The instruction is that, the meat if it is for Hadiya, part to be eaten and part given out as charity. But if it is Fidya the whole of the meat is to be distributed to the poor and needy. The question is what is the condition of Hajj of a person who in his Fidya did not distribute to poor and needy or his Hadiya he did neither eat or distribute it to the poor? Though one could not easily give a straight answer, two implications must be drawn: (a) Either there is the attitude of Jahiliyya of prohibiting the meat for human consumption. (b) Or there is the tendency of extravagance and those who indulge in it are described as the brothers of the devil. The Qoran says: ‚And render to the kindred their due rights, as (also) to those in want, and to the wayfarer: but squander not (your wealth) in the manner of a spendthrift. Verily spendthrifts are brothers of the evil one; and evil one in to his Rabb (Himself) ungrateful.‛ (17:26-27) As such to be out of this implication the following suggestions may help: (a) The National Pilgrims Board, must try to work out means through which the millions of rams, camels, sheep etc. slaughtered in Mecca transported to Nigeria and distributed to the poor and needy. (b) The Hajj Commission must also try to set up the machinery to process the meat, leather and the wool of those sacrificed animal so as to set up a charity organization to help the poor and needy all over the world. May the Almighty Allah guides us to the Right Path-Ameen.

มิติต่าง ๆ ของ ฮจั ญ์ จดั พิมพ์ โดย คณะกรรมการเพ่ือเอกสารอิสลาม

ด้วยพระนามของอลั ลอฮ ผู้ทรงพระกรุณาปราณี ผู้ทรงเมตตายง่ิ เสมอ ในยคุ สมยั ทเ่ี ราได้เห็นเป็ นประจักษ์พยานอย่ถู งึ การฟื้ นฟูขึน้ มาอกี คร้ังหนึ่งของอสิ ลาม และการตืน่ ตัวขนึ้ มาอกี คร้ังหนึ่งของมวลมุสลมิ ทว่ั โลกซ่ึงเป็ นความพยายามในอนั ทจ่ี ะรื้อฟื้ นคุณค่า ทแี่ ท้จริงในแง่มุมต่างๆของอิสลามตามแบบฉบับด้งั เดมิ ให้มีชีวติ ชีวาขึน้ มาอกี คร้ัง ปรากฏการณ์เช่นนีไ้ ด้แผ่คลุมให้ปรากฏอย่างเด่นชัดในพธิ ีการ ฮัจญ์ ด้วยเช่นเดียวกนั ฮัจญ์ ซ่ึงเป็นการประกอบพิธีกรรมท่ียงิ่ ใหญ่ตามหลกั ศาสนกิจขอ้ หน่ึงของอิสลามยงั สถาน อลั -กะอ บะฮ์ ในบริเวณมสั ญิด อลั หะรอม ที่ยงิ่ ใหญ่แห่งนคร มักกะฮ์ ซ่ึงเป็นศาสนกิจอนั มีผลบงั คบั ใหม้ วลมุสลิมทว่ั ทุกมุมโลกไดไ้ ปชุมนุมอยา่ งพร้อมเพียงกนั นบั เป็นการร่วมชุมนุมที่ยง่ิ ใหญท่ ่ีสุดแห่งเดียวของมนุษยชาติบนพ้ืนพิภพน้ี ดงั ท่ีไดบ้ ญั ญตั ิไวใ้ นคมั ภีร์ อลั -กรุ อาน ของอลั ลอฮวา่ “พวกเขาจะมาจากดินแดนต่าง ๆ อันไกลโพ้น เพื่อที่พวกเขาจะได้เป็นพยานยืนยนั ถึงส่ิงต่าง ๆ ท่ีจะเป็นประโยชน์เกือ้ กูลแก่พวกเขาเอง” (22:28) มวลมุสลิมไดร้ ับประโยชนเ์ ก้ือกลู อยา่ งเตม็ เป่ี ยมในการชุมชนกนั ในแต่ละปี ท้งั ทางดา้ นจิตวญิ ญาณแ ละทางดา้ นวตั ถุธรรม ซ่ึงไดร้ ับจากการร่วมผกู พนั อยา่ งเป็ นสากลอนั สาํ คญั ยงิ่ น้ี บรรดาปัญญาชนและนกั ปราชญม์ ุสลิมที่มีความยดึ มนั่ อยา่ งเหนียวแน่นตามหลกั การอิสลา มน้นั กาํ ลงั ใชค้ วามพยายามท่ีจะนาํ เอาคุณคา่ ที่แทจ้ ริง ตลอดถึงมิติดา้ นต่าง ๆ ของการ ฮจั ญ์ ออกมาใหป้ รากฏเพื่อท่ีจะให้การศึกษาแก่มวลมุสลิมทวั่ โลกที่จะใหบ้ รรลุถึงเป้ าหมายน้ี ในการแจกจ่ายสาระสาํ คญั ตา่ ง ๆ เพื่อท่ีจะใหเ้ ป็นประโยชน์ในดา้ นดงั กล่าวน้ี เราขอเสนอจุลสารเรื่อง “มิติต่าง ๆ ของฮัจญ์” ซ่ึงไดร้ วบรวมบทความที่บรรดานกั ปราชญม์ ุสลิมผรู้ ่วมยคุ สมยั ในปัจจุบนั ไดเ้ สนอไว้ ณ ท่ีประชุมสัมมนาการ ฮจั ญ์ ระหวา่ งประเทศซ่ึงไดจ้ ดั ใหม้ ีข้ึนระหวา่ งวนั ท่ี 26-31 กรกฎาคม 1983 ท่ีเมืองฟรีทาวน์ ซีรา ลิโอน ตลอดท้งั ยงั ไดร้ วมบทความอนั เป็นสาส์นของท่านอินาม โคมยั นี ที่ไดม้ ีไปถึงผบู้ าํ เพญ็ ฮจั ญ์ ในฐานะท่ีทา่ นเป็ นผนู้ าํ ของการปฏิวตั ิอิสลามและเป็นผสู้ ถาปนาสาธารณรัฐอิสลามแห่งอิหร่านเอาไ วใ้ นจุลสารเล่มน้ีดว้ ย เรามุง่ หวงั วา่

การกระทาํ ดงั กล่าวน้ีจะเป็ นสิ่งท่ีก่อใหเ้ กิดประโยชน์อยา่ งดีท่ีสุดดว้ ยความสามารถที่พอจะกระทาํ ไ ดใ้ นอนั ท่ีจะบรรลุถึงประโยชนเ์ ก้ือกลู ในดา้ นตา่ ง ๆ ตามที่ปรารถนาของการประกอบพิธี ฮัจญ์ เราวงิ วอนต่ออลั ลอฮ พระผทู รงอานาจยง่ิ ได้โปรดประทานความเมตตาปรานีและทางนาของพระองค์ให้แก่ผ้ซู ึ่งทต่ี ่อสู้เพื่ อวถิ ีทางของพระองค์พร้อมกันทกุ คนเทอญ คณะกรรมการเพอื่ เอกภาพอสิ ลาม

สารบญั อิสลามยงั อย่ใู นสภาพท่ีไม่ถกู เปิ ดเผย 53 79 อินาม โคมยั นี 87 93 ปรัชญา ฮัจญ์ บดั รุ ดี. แคเตอเรกกา อิทธิพลที่แท้จริงของ ฮัจญ์ อบั ดุลลอฮ ดีดตั ความสาคัญทางด้านการเมืองและเศรษฐกิจของ ฮัจญ์ อะบูบะกรั มศุ ฏอฟา

สาส์นของท่านอินาม โคมยั นี ถึงบรรดาฮุจญาจในมกั กะฮ์ ปี 1984 สาํ หรับ อีดิล กรุ บาน อิสลามยงั อยใู่ น สภาพท่ีไม่ถูกเปิ ดเผย ดว้ ยพระนามของอลั ลอฮ ผทู้ รงกรุณาปรานี ผทู้ รงเมตตายง่ิ เสมอ ความจาํ เริญและความโปรดปรานของอลั ลอฮเน่ืองในโอกาสเฉลิมฉลองในการพลีอุทิศ (อีดิลกรุ บาน) จงมีแก่พ่ีนอ้ งมุสลิมทวั่ โลก, จงมีแก่ทา่ นท้งั หลายผมู้ ีเกียรติอนั สูงส่ง และประชาชาติท่ีต่อสู้แห่งอิหร่าน ซ่ึงไดต้ ดั มือท้งั หลายของเหล่าอาํ นาจที่ครอบครองอยา่ งยงิ่ ทะนงแห่งโลกน้ีใหข้ าดสะบ้นั ออกไปจาก แผน่ ดินอิสลามของทา่ น และไดพ้ าตวั ทา่ นเองออกมาจากการครอบครองของบรรดาผกู้ ดข่ีแห่งตะวนั ตกและตะวนั ออก ซ่ึงเป็นไปตามเจตนารมณ์ของอลั ลอฮ พระผทู้ รงสูงส่ง และผทู้ รงใหค้ วามจาํ เริญ, และไดร้ ับการสนบั สนุนส่งเสริมโดยแรงสนบั สนุนที่มองไม่เห็นของทา่ นอินามแห่งยคุ สมยั ของเรา (ขอให้ ชี วิตของเราจงพลีอุทิศเพ่ือท่ าน) และแก่ท่านท้งั หลายผเู้ ป็นประชาชนซ่ึงแมก้ ระทงั่ บดั น้ีท่านกย็ งั ดาํ เนินการปฏิบตั ิอยา่ งพลีอุทิศตวั ต นอยา่ งไม่เหนื่อยหน่ายต่อ ๆ

ไปเพ่ือกระบวนการและการต่อสู้อยา่ งปราศจากความเหน็ดเหนื่อยของทา่ นท้งั หลายเพ่อื ผลแห่งการ ปฏิวตั ิท่ียงิ่ ใหญ่ของทา่ ท้งั หลาย อนั เป็นเป้ าหมายสูงสุด-อินชา อลั ลอฮ- ก็เพื่อท่ีจะทาํ ใหบ้ ทบญั ญตั ิแห่งอิสลามไดส้ ่องแสงรุ่งโรจนข์ ้ึน ดว้ ยการนาํ มาใชป้ ฏิบตั ิในชีวติ จริง ๆ แต่จริง ๆ แลว้ ความจาํ เริญน้นั จะเป็นในวนั หน่ึงเม่ือประชาคมแห่งโลกมุสลิม (อุมมะฮ์) ไดต้ ่ืนข้ึนและขานรับโดยการตอบสนองต่อบรรดา อุละมาอ ผยู้ นื หยดั ในอิสลามทวั่ โลก และกระทาํ การเคลื่อนไหวอยา่ งกลา้ หาญ เพ่อื ปลดปล่อยตวั พวกเขาเหล่าน้นั ใหพ้ น้ ออกไปจากการปกครองท่ีกดข่ีของบรรดาทรราชย์ และเหล่าผสู้ วาปามของโลก เป้ าหมายอนั สูงส่งเช่นน้นั จะเขา้ ถึงไดก้ ต็ อ่ เมื่อผรู้ ู้มุสลิมไดเ้ ปิ ดดวงตาของประชาชนผถู้ ูกกดข่ีใหเ้ ห็น ไปทุก ๆ ดา้ นของแง่มุมตา่ ง ๆ แห่งบทบญั ญตั ิระเบียบกฎเกณฑข์ องอิสลามที่ยงั ไมเ่ ป็นท่ีรู้ผรู้ ู้มุสลิมจะตอ้ งทาํ ใหป้ ระชาชาติมุสลิม ท้งั หลายใกลช้ ิดกบั แง่มุมต่าง ๆ ของอิสลามซ่ึงยงั ไม่เป็นท่ีรู้กนั ใหเ้ ป็ นท่ีรู้กนั อยา่ งทวั่ ถึง และไดอ้ ุทิศตวั พวกเขาเพื่อโอกาสอนั มีค่ายงิ่ น้ีในอนั ที่จะทาํ ใหง้ านอนั สูงส่งน้ีประสบผลสาํ เร็จ โอกาสไหนเล่าที่จะเจิดจา้ สูงส่งยงิ่ ไปกวา่ การร่วมชุมชนที่ยง่ิ ใหญใ่ นการ ฮจั ญ์ ซ่ึงไดถ้ ูกบญั ชาเพือ่ มวลมุสลิมโดยอลั ลอฮพระทรงสูงส่ง พระทรงยงิ่ ดว้ ยความจาํ เริญ? นบั เป็นความโชคร้ายที่แง่มุมตา่ ง ๆ อนั ยงิ่ ใหญ่น้ี ตลอดท้งั จุดมุ่งหมายของพิธีกรรมที่ไดถ้ ูกกาํ หนดไวน้ ้นั ไดถ้ ูกทาํ ใหเ้ บ่ียงเบนไปโดยการสกดั ก้นั จากบรรดารัฐบาลทรราชยท์ ี่เปลี่ยนโฉมไปแลว้ ในประเทศอิ สลามเหล่าน้นั , อนั เป็ นผลจากพฤติกรรมของบรรดาผรู้ ู้ทางศาสนาที่ไม่อยใู่ นระเบียบแบบแผนของอิสลามที่จมอยใู่ นความชวั่ ร้ายของผรู้ ู้ศาสนาฝ่ ายราชสาํ นกั เหล่าน้นั ตลอดท้งั การตีความอยา่ งผดิ พลาดในกฏเกณฑท์ างศาสนาของบรรดาเหล่าน้นั และบุคคลอ่ืน ๆ ที่ไดป้ ลอมแปลงเปลี่ยนบรรยากาศของความบริสุทธ์ิไปในหม่ปู ระเทศมุสลิม เหล่าน้ีแหละคือขอ้ ผดิ พลาดและเป็นประชาชนท่ีหลอกลวงที่ไดท้ าํ การต่อตา้ นการจดั รูปแบบของรัฐ อิสลาม บุคคลเหล่าน้นั ถือวา่ รัฐอิสลามน้นั เลวยงิ่ กวา่ รัฐบาลที่กาํ ลงั เป็นขบถตอ่ บทบญั ญตั ิของอลั ลอฮอยู่ บุคคลเหล่าน้ีกาํ ลงั ทอ่ งเที่ยวไปอยา่ งหลงทาง มีจิตใจที่หลงผดิ ซ่ึงไดก้ ลบเกล่ือนการ ฮจั ญ์