SachMoi.Net-1001-bi-an-chua-co-loi-giai

["x\u00e3 B\u1ea3n H\u1ed3, Thanh Ph\u00fa, N\u1eadm S\u00e0i. Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n mu\u1ed9n ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp d\u00e2n c\u01b0 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u01b0 d\u00e2n s\u1edbm nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi H'M\u00f4ng, \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y l\u1eadp nghi\u1ec7p ch\u1eebng 300 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc. V\u1eady x\u1ea3y ra hai gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh b\u00e3i \u0111\u00e1, m\u1ed9t thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 nh\u00f3m c\u01b0 d\u00e2n hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111a s\u1eafc t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng r\u1ea3i r\u00e1c; m\u1ed9t thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 nh\u00f3m c\u01b0 d\u00e2n c\u1ed5 m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 h\u1ecd c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u m\u01a1 h\u1ed3, song d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u1edbn, c\u00f3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 t\u1eebng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 v\u0103n minh nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. \u0110\u1ebfn nay, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbch th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a b\u00e3i \u0111\u00e1 n\u00e0y. H.T s\u01b0u t\u1ea7m B\u00ed \u1ea9n t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e1 bi\u1ebft \u0111i Tr\u00ean tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e1 b\u1ed7ng nhi\u00ean t\u1ef1 di chuy\u1ec3n kh\u1ecfi ch\u1ed7 ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 n\u1eb1m t\u1eeb l\u00e2u. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u1edf bang California (M\u1ef9), nh\u1eefng t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e1 n\u1eb7ng h\u00e0ng n\u1eeda t\u1ea5n \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c \u201cd\u1ea1o ch\u01a1i\u201d t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e1y h\u1ed3 c\u1ea1n Restrake m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 s\u1ef1 tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap n\u00e0o. H\u1ed3 Restrake n\u1eb1m trong Khu B\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean \u1edf thung l\u0169ng Ch\u1ebft, California. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i n\u00f3ng nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t. V\u00e0o n\u0103m 1917, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00ean t\u1edbi 50 \u0111\u1ed9 C trong su\u1ed1t 43 ng\u00e0y. C\u00e1c t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e1 di chuy\u1ec3n ch\u1eadm ch\u1ea1p, \u0111\u00f4i khi theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng zic- z\u1eafc, v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c m\u00e9t, \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n c\u00e1t. Ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng l\u0103n, kh\u00f4ng quay, m\u00e0 \u201ctr\u01b0\u1eddn\u201d tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 l\u1ef1c v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh k\u00e9o \u0111i. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch ghi nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 di chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng sao ch\u1ed9p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e1 \u201cdu ngo\u1ea1n\u201d. Song ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo d\u00f5i tr\u00e1nh xa m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat, l\u00e0 ch\u00fang l\u1ea1i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n - \u0111\u00f4i khi \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1eeda m\u00e9t m\u1ed7i gi\u1edd. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 theo d\u00f5i su\u1ed1t ng\u00e0y \u0111\u00eam quanh khu v\u1ef1c, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn ra b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ai ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap ch\u00fang. \u0110i\u1ec1u k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e1 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf M\u1ef9. C\u00e1ch l\u00e0ng Gorodishe (g\u1ea7n Pereslavl-Zalessk, Nga) kh\u00f4ng xa c\u00f3 t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e1 Sin. Theo truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft, trong t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e1 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n \u01b0\u1edbc m\u01a1 v\u00e0 mong mu\u1ed1n. V\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 17, nh\u00e0 th\u1edd \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tuy\u00ean chi\u1ebfn v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111a th\u1ea7n. Cha Anufri, ph\u00f3 t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 th\u1edd, \u0111\u00e3 cho \u0111\u00e0o m\u1ed9t h\u1ed1 l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00e9m t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e1 Sin xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f3. Nh\u01b0ng v\u00e0i n\u0103m sau, t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e1 l\u1ea1i b\u00ed hi\u1ec3m n\u1ed5i l\u00ean. 150 n\u0103m sau, ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 th\u1edd \u1edf Pereslavl quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1eb7t t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e1 th\u1ea7n b\u00ed d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1y m\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a th\u00e1p chu\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u1eb7t t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e1 l\u00ean xe tr\u01b0\u1ee3t v\u00e0 k\u00e9o n\u00f3 tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t b\u0103ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ed3 Plesheev. B\u0103ng b\u1ecb v\u1ee1 v\u00e0 t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e1 ch\u00ecm xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u 5 m\u00e9t. Nh\u01b0ng ch\u1eb3ng bao l\u00e2u, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e1nh c\u00e1 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e1 \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ecb tr\u00ed. N\u00f3 t\u1eeb t\u1eeb di chuy\u1ec3n \u1edf \u0111\u00e1y h\u1ed3. V\u00e0 40 n\u0103m sau, n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 b\u00f2 l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1edd \u1edf ch\u00e2n n\u00fai Iarilin r\u1ed3i n\u1eb1m \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 cho \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eadn b\u00e2y gi\u1edd. \u1ede v\u00f9ng vi\u1ec5n \u0111\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a Nga, c\u00e1ch h\u1ed3 Bolon kh\u00f4ng xa, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e1 n\u1eb7ng n\u1eeda t\u1ea5n, d\u1ea1ng g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 tr\u00f2n. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e1 ch\u1ebft. Tuy v\u1eady n\u00f3 c\u0169ng","th\u00edch \u201c\u0111i du l\u1ecbch\u201d. B\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f3 n\u1eb1m y\u00ean m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed7 trong v\u00e0i th\u00e1ng, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 khi n\u00f3 l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t di chuy\u1ec3n. Nh\u01b0ng t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e1 b\u00ed hi\u1ec3m nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00e0 \u1edf v\u00f9ng T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng, g\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t Ph\u1eadt vi\u1ec7n l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n \u201c\u0111i\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng \u201cleo\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00ean n\u00fai. V\u00ec t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e1 n\u00e0y n\u1eb7ng 1.100 kg, n\u00ean kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u201cleo n\u00fai\u201d c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 k\u1ef3 di\u1ec7u. H\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh l\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh n\u00fai c\u1ee7a t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e1 \u0111\u00e3 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i h\u01a1n 1.000 n\u0103m nay. N\u00f3 di chuy\u1ec3n theo m\u1ed9t tuy\u1ebfn x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh: Ban \u0111\u1ea7u, n\u00f3 \u201cleo\u201d l\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 cao nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, r\u1ed3i b\u00f2 xu\u1ed1ng. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, n\u00f3 di chuy\u1ec3n theo v\u00f2ng tr\u00f2n. Th\u1eddi gian l\u00ean v\u00e0 xu\u1ed1ng n\u00fai c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i ch\u1eebng 15 n\u0103m. Th\u1eddi gian \u0111i theo v\u00f2ng tr\u00f2n, 60 km, m\u1ea5t 50 n\u0103m. T\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e1 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 tu\u1ed5i kho\u1ea3ng 50 tri\u1ec7u n\u0103m. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc trong h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c n\u0103m \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u00ed \u1ea9n xung quanh nh\u1eefng t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e1. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u01b0a ra nhi\u1ec1u gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u00edt th\u1ee9 huy\u1ec1n b\u00ed. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c. H\u1ecd quan ni\u1ec7m cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb silic (ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e1). Th\u00eam v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c \u201ct\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e1 s\u1ed1ng\u201d xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean: Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ed3ng l\u00faa m\u00ec \u1edf B\u1eafc \u00c2u v\u00e0 v\u00f9ng Baltic cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay v\u1eabn tin m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nghi\u00eam t\u00fac l\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e1 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng di chuy\u1ec3n, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n m\u1ecdc l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, v\u00ec ch\u00fang th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean c\u00e1c c\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ecdn s\u1ea1ch. C\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch khoa h\u1ecdc h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e1 lang thang. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc cho r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 do \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecba t\u1eeb, v\u00ec \u0111a s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e1 lang thang th\u01b0\u1eddng \\\"c\u01b0 ng\u1ee5\\\" \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecba t\u1eeb m\u1ea1nh nh\u1ea5t. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ecba t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i l\u1edbn th\u1ebf n\u00e0o m\u1edbi ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00ea nguy\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ed9 t\u1eeb ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0y sang ch\u1ed7 kh\u00e1c. M\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft kh\u00e1c cho r\u1eb1ng, s\u1ef1 di chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e1 l\u00e0 do \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a m\u01b0a v\u00e0 gi\u00f3. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng s\u1edf d\u0129 c\u00e1c t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e1 di chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 do ch\u00fang tr\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea5t s\u00e9t khi b\u1ecb nh\u1eefng c\u01a1n gi\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea9y. Tuy nhi\u00ean trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e1 \u1edf Thung l\u0169ng Ch\u1ebft, gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y t\u1ecf ra b\u1ea5t l\u1ef1c. Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 r\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm c\u00f3 m\u01b0a. Th\u1ee9 hai, nh\u1eefng v\u1ebft m\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e1 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i th\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi h\u01b0\u1edbng gi\u00f3 th\u1ed5i. N\u0103m 1995, m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t \u1edf bang Massachussets (M\u1ef9) sau nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u k\u00e9o d\u00e0i \u1edf thung l\u0169ng Ch\u1ebft \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft kh\u00e1c. Theo \u0111\u00f3, \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e1 di chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 l\u1ef1c ma s\u00e1t gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t. \u1ede thung l\u0169ng Ch\u1ebft th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ng\u00e0y - \u0111\u00eam r\u1ea5t cao, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh, t\u00edch t\u1ee5 n\u01b0\u1edbc: C\u00e1c gi\u1ecdt n\u01b0\u1edbc ban \u0111\u00eam \u0111\u1ecdng l\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u00e1 v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh b\u0103ng. B\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t b\u0103ng r\u1ea5t tr\u01a1n, v\u00ec th\u1ebf c\u00e1c c\u01a1n gi\u00f3 gi\u1eadt m\u1ea1nh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m c\u00e1c t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e1 b\u1ee9t ra kh\u1ecfi ch\u1ed7 n\u1eb1m v\u00e0 di chuy\u1ec3n. H.T s\u01b0u t\u1ea7m B\u00ed \u1ea9n tr\u1ee5 s\u1eaft kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9","T\u1ea1i v\u00f9ng n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n mi\u1ec1n T\u00e2y \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 s\u1eebng s\u1eefng m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y c\u1ed9t s\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00fac v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 V sau C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean. C\u00e2y c\u1ed9t cao 7m, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh kho\u1ea3ng 1,37m, d\u00f9ng th\u00e9p \u0111\u00e3 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00fac th\u00e0nh, \u0111\u1eb7c, tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh trang tr\u00ed nh\u1eefng hoa v\u0103n c\u1ed5. T\u01b0\u01a1ng truy\u1ec1n c\u00e2y c\u1ed9t s\u1eaft n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00fac \u0111\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1edb nh\u00e0 Vua Chamdaro. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kinh ng\u1ea1c l\u00e0 c\u1ed9t s\u1eaft \u0111\u1ee9ng l\u1ed9 thi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 h\u01a1n 1.500 n\u0103m, tr\u1ea3i qua kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft bao m\u01b0a gi\u00f3 cho t\u1edbi t\u1eadn ng\u00e0y nay v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t v\u1ebft g\u1ec9 s\u00e9t n\u00e0o. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, s\u1eaft l\u00e0 kim lo\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 g\u1ec9 sau v\u00e0i ch\u1ee5c n\u0103m ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n n\u00f3i t\u1edbi h\u01a1n ngh\u00ecn n\u0103m. Cho t\u1edbi nay ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a t\u00ecm ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng s\u1ef1 g\u1ec9 s\u00e9t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3 l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng s\u1eaft. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 theo l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft, s\u1eaft nguy\u00ean ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb g\u1ec9 nh\u01b0ng s\u1eaft nguy\u00ean ch\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 luy\u1ec7n, gi\u00e1 th\u00e0nh l\u1ea1i c\u1ef1c cao. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9t s\u1eaft, ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u1eaft nguy\u00ean ch\u1ea5t. V\u00e0 theo l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft, c\u1ed9t s\u1eaft d\u1ec5 g\u1ec9 s\u00e9t h\u01a1n nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i s\u1eaft th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng. N\u1ebfu cho r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 s\u1edbm n\u1eafm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt luy\u1ec7n s\u1eaft kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb th\u1ea5t truy\u1ec1n th\u00ec t\u1ea1i sao h\u1ecd l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng luy\u1ec7n ra nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1eaft kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 kh\u00e1c? H\u01a1n n\u1eefa trong cu\u1ed1n ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1eaft c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 c\u1ed5 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng ghi ch\u00e9p n\u00e0o n\u00f3i t\u1edbi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y. C\u1ed9t s\u1eaft \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed9c s\u1eebng s\u1eefng d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c v\u1edbi t\u00e0i tr\u00ed th\u00f4ng minh kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1ed3ng tr\u1eddi c\u0169ng l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng cho n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 c\u1ed5. H.T s\u01b0u t\u1ea7m B\u00ed \u1ea9n v\u1ec1 b\u01a1i v\u00f2ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 h\u1ed3i (Salmon) C\u00e1 h\u1ed3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i c\u00e1 ngon n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng, ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ebb tr\u1ee9ng \u1edf d\u00f2ng n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt, c\u00f3 con ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn trong d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng r\u1ed3i b\u01a1i ra bi\u1ec3n sinh s\u1ed1ng. \u0110\u1ebfn khi tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh l\u1ea1i quay tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng c\u0169 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebb tr\u1ee9ng. Ai \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y c\u00e1 h\u1ed3i nh\u1ea3y v\u01b0\u1ee3t ng\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f2ng th\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 qu\u00ea c\u0169 \u0111\u1ec1u k\u00ednh ph\u1ee5c l\u00f2ng d\u0169ng c\u1ea3m v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh b\u1ea3n n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 h\u1ed3i. Bi\u1ec3n r\u1ed9ng, s\u00f4ng d\u00e0i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, bi\u1ebft bao nhi\u00eau d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng, l\u00e0m sao c\u00e1 h\u1ed3i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn ra d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng c\u0169 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, t\u1eeb bi\u1ec3n c\u1ea3 m\u00eanh m\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ec1 qu\u00ea c\u0169? \u0110\u00e2y th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u00ed \u1ea9n. Ch\u1ec9 g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 sinh v\u1eadt h\u1ecdc m\u1edbi \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, t\u00ecm c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc n\u00eau thuy\u1ebft m\u00f9i v\u1ecb. Nh\u00e0 sinh v\u1eadt h\u1ecdc ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 Hasler, khi c\u00f2n nh\u1ecf \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng v\u1ec1 qu\u00ea ngh\u1ec9, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i d\u1ea1o tr\u00ean \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ngan ng\u00e1t m\u00f9i hoa c\u1ecf v\u00e0 rong r\u00eau. B\u00e2y gi\u1edd m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n th\u1ea5y m\u00f9i \u0111\u00f3 \u00f4ng l\u1ea1i nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y th\u01a1 \u1ea5u. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m \u00f4ng li\u00ean t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec7n quay v\u00f2ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 h\u1ed3i. \u00d4ng b\u1eaft tay v\u00e0o nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u theo h\u01b0\u1edbng m\u00f9i v\u1ecb.","Tr\u1ea3i qua h\u01a1n 20 n\u0103m th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m, th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed7i d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t m\u00f9i v\u1ecb ri\u00eang, m\u00f9i v\u1ecb n\u00e0y g\u00e2n \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1 h\u1ed3i con. Khi l\u1edbn l\u00ean, ch\u00fang theo d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft c\u0169 c\u1ee7a m\u00f9i v\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 n\u01a1i sinh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Nh\u01b0ng \u1edf ngo\u00e0i bi\u1ec3n c\u1ea3, ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch g\u00ec, \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 n\u01a1i c\u00f3 m\u00f9i v\u1ecb quen thu\u1ed9c? \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay v\u1eabn l\u00e0 c\u00e2u \u0111\u1ed1 ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i. H.T (Theo B\u00e1ch khoa tri th\u1ee9c) B\u00ed \u1ea9n v\u1ec1 b\u1ee9c ch\u00e2n dung ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef da tr\u1eafng \u1edf ch\u00e2u Phi 7000 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc Namibia n\u1eb1m \u1edf ph\u00eda T\u00e2y Nam \u0111\u1ea1i l\u1ee5c ch\u00e2u Phi, to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 t\u1eeb T\u00e2y sang \u0110\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia l\u00e0m ba khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean: Sa m\u1ea1c Namibu, cao nguy\u00ean mi\u1ec1n Trung v\u00e0 sa m\u1ea1c Kalahari. Sa m\u1ea1c Namibu l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea3i d\u00e0i h\u1eb9p g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c c\u1ed3n c\u00e1t v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1 tr\u1ea7n b\u1ee5i, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng khu v\u1ef1c kh\u00f4 h\u1ea1n nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Do \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u01b0a, kh\u00ed h\u1eadu \u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9c d\u1ecb th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00ean b\u1ecb c\u00e1t tr\u00f4i bao ph\u1ee7. C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u1ed3n c\u00e1t cao 250m, d\u00e0i h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c km t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t hoang c\u1eb1n c\u1ed7i. N\u00fai Bolandebaica c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 cao 2.610m so v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n l\u00e0 ng\u1ecdn n\u00fai cao nh\u1ea5t sa m\u1ea1c. N\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 b\u1ee9c h\u1ecda tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e1 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u1ee9c ch\u00e2n dung ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef da tr\u1eafng qu\u00fd t\u1ed9c. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec n\u00f3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf n\u01a1i xa x\u00f4i hoang v\u1eafng n\u00ean c\u00e0ng g\u00e2y s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd, thu h\u00fat nh\u1eefng \u00e1nh m\u1eaft nghi ho\u1eb7c, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u n\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi. N\u0103m 1927, m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra tr\u00ean m\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ea5t Quxiti, n\u01a1i sinh s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh n\u00fai Bolandebaica c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1ee9c tranh v\u1ebd tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e1. Theo kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t, t\u00ednh to\u00e1n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c tranh v\u1ebd tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e1 \u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 6000 tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean. Trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c tranh mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 c\u1ea3nh c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef tham gia di\u1ec5u h\u00e0nh. \u0110i\u1ec1u khi\u1ebfn cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i n\u1ed5i l\u00e0 tr\u00ean b\u1ee9c h\u1ecda ngo\u00e0i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u1ed5 d\u00e2n da \u0111en c\u00f2n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t thi\u1ec3u th\u01b0 da tr\u1eafng, n\u00e0ng trang \u0111i\u1ec3m gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef da tr\u1eafng th\u1eddi nay. Ti\u1ec3u th\u01b0 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 l\u00e0n da tr\u1eafng m\u1ecbn m\u00e0ng, t\u01b0 th\u00e1i trang nh\u00e3, tr\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o ng\u1eafn tay r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb9p, qu\u1ea7n b\u00f3 s\u00e1t ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ki\u1ec3u t\u00f3c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n gi\u1ed1ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4 g\u00e1i th\u1eddi nay. Tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u, c\u00e1nh tay, \u0111\u00f9i v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ef1c c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang s\u1ee9c b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1t tr\u00e2n ch\u00e2u l\u1ed9ng l\u1eabu. Aibihiliuer, nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng t\u1eebng tham gia gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00e3 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1, n\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m ch\u00e2n th\u1ef1c c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y 7000 n\u0103m. Tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 \u1ea5y khi\u1ebfn cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh b\u1ecb ch\u00ecm trong m\u00e0n s\u01b0\u01a1ng bao la m\u1edd m\u1ecbt c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng gian. Ai c\u0169ng bi\u1ebft, cho \u0111\u1ebfn b\u00e2y gi\u1edd Namibia v\u1eabn c\u00f2n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u v\u00f9ng hoang v\u1eafng ti\u00eau \u0111i\u1ec1u v\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e2n th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1edbi nay l\u00e0 sa m\u1ea1c v\u00e0 b\u00e1n sa m\u1ea1c hoang vu, d\u00e2n c\u01b0 th\u01b0a th\u1edbt \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y sang \u0111\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi da \u0111en sinh s\u1ed1ng, ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c m\u00e0u da sinh s\u1ed1ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y. Ch\u1ec9 sau th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XV m\u1edbi c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi B\u1ed3 \u0110\u00e0o Nha, ng\u01b0\u1eddi H\u00e0 Lan v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u00eda B\u1eafc Namibia.","Theo truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Phoennicia c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111i qua \u0111\u00e2y b\u1eb1ng t\u00e0u thuy\u1ec1n v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng 2000 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc. V\u1eady t\u1ea1i sao l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 b\u1ee9c ch\u00e2n dung ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef da tr\u1eafng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y 7000 n\u0103m? Theo kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t ch\u1ee9ng minh, l\u1ecbch s\u1eed lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1eb7c qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o c\u0169ng ch\u01b0a qu\u00e1 4600 n\u0103m. Vi\u1ec7c m\u1eb7c qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o c\u1ee7a th\u1ed5 d\u00e2n da \u0111en ngay c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ebfn nay c\u0169ng ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u1eb9p \u0111\u1ebd v\u00e0 c\u0169ng ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1ea3o c\u1ee9u. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Namibia th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a l\u00e0m sao l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua th\u1eddi gian, kh\u00f4ng gian \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1ebd m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ph\u1ee5c s\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt - m\u1ed9t ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef c\u1ee7a t\u1ed9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c m\u1ea5y ngh\u00ecn n\u0103m? C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecd th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng gian nh\u01b0 v\u1eady? Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f3i, ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng, l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh ch\u00e2n th\u1ef1c cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng. H\u1ed9i h\u1ecda l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt, t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean n\u00f3 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c \u0111i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ngh\u0129 t\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y s\u1ed1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y 7000 n\u0103m, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd ngh\u0129 t\u1edbi c\u00e1ch \u0103n m\u1eb7c ph\u1ee5c s\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd b\u1eb1ng l\u00e1 c\u00e2y, da th\u00fa ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o ngh\u0129 h\u1ecd s\u1ebd \u0103n m\u1eb7c trang \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng c\u00f4 g\u00e1i th\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u1ea7n b\u00f3 s\u00e1t ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ch\u00e2n \u0111i \u1ee7ng, \u0111eo ch\u00e2u b\u00e1u l\u1ea5p l\u00e1nh tr\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi. L\u1ebd n\u00e0o nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u00e2n th\u1ef1c kia l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 k\u1ef3 t\u00edch? H.T s\u01b0u t\u1ea7m B\u00ed \u1ea9n v\u1ec1 b\u1ee9c h\u1ecda 500 tri\u1ec7u n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc Trong m\u1ed9t hang \u0111\u1ed9ng g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 d\u1ea5u ch\u00e2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc T\u00e2y Ban Nha, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111i\u00eau kh\u1eafc v\u00e0 h\u1ed9i h\u1ecda c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u00e1 c\u0169 c\u00e1ch ng\u00e0y nay kho\u1ea3ng 26000 - 10000 n\u0103m. H\u1ecd c\u00f2n khai qu\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y nh\u1eefng b\u1ed9 h\u00e0i c\u1ed1t d\u00e3 th\u00fa gi\u1ed1ng h\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 trong b\u1ee9c b\u00edch h\u1ecda. Theo kh\u1ea3o ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 sinh v\u1eadt h\u1ecdc, nh\u1eefng lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111a s\u1ed1 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i c\u1ea7m th\u00fa qu\u00fd hi\u1ebfm, k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1 \u1edf th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i xa x\u01b0a, c\u00f3 lo\u00e0i \u1edf Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u \u0111\u00e3 tuy\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng. Nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c b\u00edch h\u1ecda \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ebd tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh v\u00e0 b\u1ed1n v\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1ee9c b\u00edch h\u1ecda \u1edf gi\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng. V\u00ec v\u1eady, n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 \\\"Gi\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng Sistin c\u1ee7a ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt ti\u1ec1n s\u1eed\\\". M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 ch\u00e2n th\u1ef1c m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u1ea9n ch\u1ee9a s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m v\u00e0 t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt gia c\u00f3 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 uy\u00ean th\u00e2m. M\u1ed9t hang \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf Altamila c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec9nh d\u00e0i 20m, r\u1ed9ng 10m v\u00e0 v\u1ebd 16 con v\u1eadt s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1eadt, c\u00f3 con \u0111ang l\u1ea5y m\u00f3ng vu\u1ed1t c\u00e0o xu\u1ed1ng m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t, c\u00f3 con \u0111ang g\u1ea7m th\u00e9t gi\u1eadn d\u1eef, c\u00f3 con \u0111ang n\u1eb1m, c\u00f3 con b\u1ecb gi\u00e1o d\u00e0i \u0111\u00e2m tr\u1ecdng th\u01b0\u01a1ng. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb t\u00e2m tr\u1ea1ng \u0111au kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft ch\u00f3c. Xung quanh nh\u1eefng con v\u1eadt \u0111ang g\u1ea7m th\u00e9t, c\u00e1c h\u1ecda s\u1ef9 th\u1eddi \u1ea5y c\u00f2n v\u1ebd m\u1ed9t con ng\u1ef1a, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e0n l\u1ee3n \u0111\u1ef1c hoang d\u00e3, m\u1ed9t con s\u00f3i v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t con h\u01b0\u01a1u c\u00e1i. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y v\u1ebd r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt m\u00e0 ng\u00e0y nay c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u00e0i c\u00f2n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quen thu\u1ed9c nh\u01b0 ng\u1ef1a, tr\u00e2u r\u1eebng, l\u1ee3n r\u1eebng, h\u01b0\u01a1u sao... nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u00e0i ch\u00fang ta ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd g\u1eb7p. K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt h\u1ed9i h\u1ecda c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ecda s\u1ef9 v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n r\u1ea5t tinh x\u1ea3o, cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ed9i","h\u1ecda \u1ea5y v\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea1t \u1edf tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt kh\u00e1 cao. \u0110i\u1ec1u khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o, trang s\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ebd trong b\u1ee9c b\u00edch h\u1ecda r\u1ea5t gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. N\u0103m 1912, tr\u00ean ng\u1ecdn N\u00fai Brandepierg \u1edf Namibia - mi\u1ec1n T\u00e2y Nam Ch\u00e2u Phi, trong m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c b\u00edch h\u1ecda mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra b\u1ee9c h\u1ecda \u0111\u00e1 nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t qu\u00fd b\u00e0 da tr\u1eafng. Qu\u00fd b\u00e0 n\u00e0y m\u1eb7c \u00e1o s\u01a1 mi ng\u1eafn tay v\u00e0 qu\u1ea7n \u0111i ng\u1ef1a b\u00f3 s\u00e1t m\u00f4ng; \u0111eo g\u0103ng tay v\u00e0 \u0111i gi\u00e0y v\u1ea3i, bu\u1ed9c d\u00e2y n\u1ecbt t\u1ea5t. \u0110\u1ee9ng b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh qu\u00fd b\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111eo m\u1eb7t n\u1ea1 v\u00e0 m\u0169 s\u1eaft r\u1ea5t ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. Nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt m\u1eb7c \u00e1o s\u01a1 mi hoa c\u00e0 trong b\u1ee9c h\u1ecda ti\u1ec1n s\u1eed Lusajac \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ch\u00ednh hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p. C\u00f2n nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt trong b\u1ee9c h\u1ecda \u0111\u00e1 \u1edf v\u00f9ng Arnhem (Australia) th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed3 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 c\u00f3 kh\u00f3a k\u00e9o, \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed9i m\u0169 s\u1eaft c\u00f3 c\u00e1c tua gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 d\u00e2y \u0103ng ten v\u00e0 l\u1ed7 nh\u1ecf \u0111\u1ec3 quan s\u00e1t. B\u1ee9c h\u1ecda \u0111\u00e1 trong th\u1ee7 ph\u1ee7 Phang Nga \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam Th\u00e1i Lan c\u00f2n mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e1y \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed9i m\u0169 s\u1eaft, m\u1eb7c qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o, m\u00ecnh mang thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb l\u1ecdc kh\u00ed th\u1edf, b\u1ee5ng mang \u0111\u00e8n pin, ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb linh thi\u00eang m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7nh cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o nh\u1eefng b\u1ed9 y ph\u1ee5c nh\u01b0 v\u1eady? Hay c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ea7n k\u1ef3 n\u00e0o gi\u00fap t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean ch\u00fang ta v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua c\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng gian v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian? Ch\u1eb3ng l\u1ebd \u1edf th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 hoang d\u1ea1i, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f2n \u0103n l\u00f4ng \u1edf l\u1ed7 m\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00e0u tr\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o ra trang ph\u1ee5c cho h\u1eadu th\u1ebf c\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn h\u00e0ng, v\u1ea1n n\u0103m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady sao? N\u0103m 1998, m\u1ed9t h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee7ng h\u1ecdc c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u0111\u1ebfn nay nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh h\u01a1n 4 tri\u1ec7u n\u0103m, c\u00f2n Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb 4,5 t\u1ef7 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3. C\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y kho\u1ea3ng 2 t\u1ef7 n\u0103m, tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t lo\u00e0i sinh v\u1eadt c\u00f3 n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Do Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t x\u1ea3y ra \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecda v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean qua h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m tri\u1ec7u n\u0103m \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh th\u00e0nh di t\u00edch. c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi suy lu\u1eadn: Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb 500 tri\u1ec7u, 350 tri\u1ec7u, 230 tri\u1ec7u, 100 tri\u1ec7u v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 65 tri\u1ec7u n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, tr\u1ea3i qua m\u1ed9t th\u1ea3m h\u1ecda mang t\u00ednh h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t khi\u1ebfn n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. Trong m\u1ed7i n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh \u0111\u1ec1u xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 ng\u1eaft qu\u00e3ng. N\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh ng\u00e0y nay ng\u1eaft qu\u00e3ng v\u1edbi n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng t\u1eeb 12000 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 10000 tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean. N\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t t\u1eebng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i m\u1ea5y c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 v\u0103n minh nh\u01b0 v\u1eady th\u00ec k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 hi\u1ec7n nay v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Do v\u1eady, kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t cu\u1ed9c lu\u1eadn chi\u1ebfn k\u00e9o d\u00e0i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u. T\u1ea7ng t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp l\u1edbp c\u00e1c di t\u00edch ti\u1ec1n s\u1eed khi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng t\u00e0i n\u00e0o l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n d\u1ea7n t\u1eeb c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 cao c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i. Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111i l\u00ean c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c d\u00e0nh cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc. Ch\u00fang ta hy v\u1ecdng, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a khoa h\u1ecdc k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 c\u0169ng s\u1ebd ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n mang t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1edbi kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1","v\u00e0 l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf nh\u1eefng b\u00ed \u1ea9n c\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p. H.T (Theo N\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh c\u1ed5 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi) B\u00ed \u1ea9n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c \u0111o\u00e0n qu\u00e2n qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 Cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1eed h\u1ecdc, c\u1ed5 sinh v\u1eadt h\u1ecdc, m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ea7u v\u1eadt l\u00fd, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc... \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng tr\u00ean h\u00e0nh tinh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u1eabn c\u00f2n v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1 m\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc ch\u01b0a gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Nhi\u1ec1u s\u00e1ch v\u1edf t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u1eeb c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn nay \u0111\u00e3 ghi nh\u1eadn nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n l\u1ea1 k\u1ef3. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u01b0\u1eddng x\u1ea9y ra hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u00e1i l\u1ea1, b\u00ed hi\u1ec3m hi\u1ec7n v\u1eabn c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 thu h\u00fat h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ebfn nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u nh\u01b0ng l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch th\u00ec v\u1eabn c\u00f2n m\u01a1 h\u1ed3; nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1ea1 k\u1ef3 \u1edf Australia, \u1edf Ireland, \u1edf Peru, nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t huy\u1ec1n b\u00ed \u1edf Nam M\u1ef9, \u1edf Ai C\u1eadp, \u00c2\u2019n \u0110\u1ed9,... Trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u201ckh\u00f3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u0111\u00f3\u201d c\u00f3 chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c \u0111o\u00e0n qu\u00e2n \u201cma\u201d xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t Loe Bar. M\u1ed9t bu\u1ed5i tr\u01b0a th\u00e1ng 8\/1936, Stephen Jenkins, 60 tu\u1ed5i, nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t, t\u1edbi v\u00f9ng Loe Bar - m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m thu\u1ed9c v\u00f9ng b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n Cornish. Trong khi Jenkins \u0111ang ch\u0103m ch\u00fa theo d\u00f5i c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t th\u00ec b\u1ed7ng nhi\u00ean \u00f4ng ta v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng kinh ng\u1ea1c khi th\u1ea5y ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t m\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u00e2n thu\u1ed9c th\u1eddi Trung C\u1ed5 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n. Qu\u00e2n ph\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf h\u1ecd \u0111ang tr\u1ea3i qua nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c ch\u1ea1m tr\u00e1n trong tr\u1eadn m\u1ea1c. C\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn s\u0129 m\u1eb7c \u00e1o \u0111\u1ee7 m\u00e0u v\u00e0 kho\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u00e1o cho\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tay m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng, m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf v\u00e0 m\u00e0u \u0111en. Ng\u1ef1a c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd c\u00f3 t\u1ea5m che ph\u1ee7 v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 y\u00ean c\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 trang s\u1ee9c cho ng\u1ef1a. M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00ednh \u0111\u1ee9ng gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ed9i qu\u00e2n, hai tay ch\u1ed1ng ki\u1ebfm, m\u00ecnh kho\u00e1c \u00e1o cho\u00e0ng m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf t\u00eda \u0111ang qu\u1eafc m\u1eafc nh\u00ecn ch\u0103m ch\u0103m v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda Jenkins \u0111\u1ee9ng. V\u1eeba l\u1ea1 l\u00f9ng v\u1eeba kinh ng\u1ea1c, Jenkins, v\u1edbi t\u00ednh t\u00f2 m\u00f2, gan d\u1ea1 v\u00e0 th\u00edch m\u1ea1o hi\u1ec3m, \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng ng\u1ea7n ng\u1ea1i ti\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda \u0111o\u00e0n qu\u00e2n. Nh\u01b0ng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u00e2n th\u1eddi Trung C\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t t\u1ee9c th\u00ec. Jenkins gi\u1eadt m\u00ecnh ng\u01a1 ng\u00e1c v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u00ecnh v\u1eeba tr\u1ea3i qua m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea5c m\u01a1. \u00d4ng k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i chuy\u1ec7n n\u00e0y cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ee3 nghe v\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 ghi v\u00e0o nh\u1eadt k\u00fd hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1ea1 l\u00f9ng n\u00e0y. Th\u1ebf r\u1ed3i, 38 n\u0103m sau, \u00f4ng Jenkins \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u00fang v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y m\u00e0 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3 38 n\u0103m \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y \u0111i\u1ec1u k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi v\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ebfn ngay \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00e0 ng\u00e0y x\u01b0a \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ee9ng. Hai v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1edbi b\u1ee9c h\u1ecda \u0111\u1ed3 ghi \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y Jenkins \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ee9ng th\u00ec l\u1ea1 l\u00f9ng thay h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u0111o\u00e0n qu\u00e2n th\u1eddi Trung C\u1ed5 hi\u1ec7n ra l\u1ea7n n\u00e0y c\u00f2n r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng h\u01a1n l\u00fac tr\u01b0\u1edbc. M\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 b\u00e0 Jenkins kh\u00f4ng tin chuy\u1ec7n ch\u1ed3ng m\u00ecnh k\u1ec3 nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea7n n\u00e0y b\u00e0 th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 b\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u0110o\u00e0n qu\u00e2n v\u1edbi s\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c r\u1ef1c r\u1ee1, c\u1edd x\u00ed, ng\u1ef1a v\u00e0 g\u01b0\u01a1m gi\u00e1o d\u00e0n ra tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft m\u00ecnh, b\u00e0 s\u1ee3 qu\u00e1 n\u00edu ch\u1eb7t l\u1ea5y c\u00e1nh tay ch\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 c\u1ed1 d\u1ee5i m\u1eaft v\u00ec c\u1ee9 t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u00ecnh n\u1eb1m m\u01a1. Khi t\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00ecnh s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y cho m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc, \u00f4ng Stephen Jenkins \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 sau: \u201c N\u1ebfu l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong qu\u00fd v\u1ecb c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i th\u00ec c\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u1eddi tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y n\u00e0y s\u1ebd n\u1eb7ng c\u00e2n h\u01a1n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafn trung tr\u1ef1c h\u01a1n...\u201d Nhi\u1ec1u gi\u1ea3 thi\u1ebft \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00eau ra \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch cho hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y. Theo s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch","c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh Stephen Jenkins th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u00e2n ma n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n ngay n\u01a1i v\u00f9ng Cornish v\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi may m\u1eafn th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 do m\u1ed9t n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c tinh th\u1ea7n n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 ph\u00e1t ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t giao \u0111i\u1ec3m (node). Loe Bar v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0ng n\u01a1i m\u00e0 n\u0103m 1936 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 n\u0103m 1974 Jenkins \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ee9ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng th\u1ea5y l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean v\u00ec c\u00f2n t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, kh\u00ed h\u1eadu, t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 t\u00f9y v\u00e0o t\u1eebng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9ng n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m \u1ea5y. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, m\u1edbi nghe qua c\u00f3 v\u1ebb kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p l\u00fd nh\u01b0ng theo Janet v\u00e0 Collin (hai nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng si\u00eau h\u00ecnh, ma qu\u00e1i) th\u00ec th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. Hai nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 ghi nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p v\u1ec1 \u201ch\u1ed3n ma\u201d xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1904. Th\u00e1ng ba n\u0103m \u1ea5y, m\u1ed9t to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc sinh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o d\u1eabn \u0111i du kh\u1ea3o. H\u1ecd leo l\u00ean ng\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ed3i Marlpit g\u1ea7n Honiton. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc sinh h\u00f4m \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1u tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng kho\u00e1c \u00e1o cho\u00e0ng m\u00e0u n\u00e2u v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9i m\u0169 r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0nh m\u00e0u \u0111en. To\u00e0n th\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 g\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1eb7t u \u00e1m nh\u01b0 ph\u1ee7 m\u1ed9t m\u00e0n s\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00f3i. Theo t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a Collin th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 h\u1ed3n ma \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn (t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n) t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1685. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ed1n ch\u1ea1y t\u1eeb tr\u1eadn \u0111\u00e1nh \u1edf Sedgemoor v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1685 v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbch gi\u1ebft ch\u1ebft. Nh\u00e0 anh ta \u1edf ngay tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ed3i Marlpit. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111i\u1ec1u k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1 l\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc sinh trong chuy\u1ebfn du kh\u1ea3o \u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec1u th\u1ea5y (ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 \u1ea5y) nh\u01b0ng th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o d\u1eabn c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc sinh th\u00ec tuy\u1ec7t nhi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y g\u00ec c\u1ea3 Theo TTVNOL B\u00ed \u1ea9n v\u1ec1 di t\u00edch Zimbabwe C\u00e1i t\u00ean Zimbabwe g\u1ee3i cho ta s\u1ef1 li\u00ean t\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00f4ng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n. Theo ti\u1ebfng T\u00e2y Ban Nha th\u00ec Zimbabwe c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \\\"ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1 kh\u1ea3 k\u00ednh\\\", \\\"nh\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1\\\". Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho r\u1eb1ng, Zimbabwe l\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00e2m c\u1ee7a \\\"mazimbwe\\\", trong ti\u1ebfng Seichanne \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 \\\"nh\u00e0 \u1edf c\u1ee7a t\u00f9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng\\\". L\u1ea1i c\u00f3 \u00fd ki\u1ebfn cho r\u1eb1ng, n\u00f3 l\u00e0 \\\"m\u1ecf gi\u00e0u c\u00f3\\\"... T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u1ee3i m\u1edf \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ee7 l\u00ean Zimbabwe, qu\u1ed1c gia l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng di t\u00edch c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i n\u1eb1m trong \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t m\u00e0u s\u1eafc huy\u1ec1n b\u00ed. V\u00e0o n\u0103m 1868, m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u00e0n c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u \u0111i du l\u1ecbch Ch\u00e2u Phi \u0111u\u1ed5i theo m\u1ed9t con d\u00e3 th\u00fa trong r\u1eebng gi\u00e0 r\u1eadm r\u1ea1p c\u00e1ch th\u00e0nh Victoria v\u00f9ng Zimbabwe kho\u1ea3ng 30km, b\u1ed7ng nhi\u00ean h\u1ecd ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra m\u1ed9t b\u00e3i \u0111\u00e1 hoang t\u00e0n r\u1ed9ng m\u00eanh m\u00f4ng. \u0110\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \\\"\u0110\u1ea1i Zimbabwe\\\" n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi sau n\u00e0y. \\\"\u0110\u1ea1i Zimbabwe\\\" tuy ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ebb h\u00f9ng v\u1ef9 tr\u00e1ng l\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t qu\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay. Ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t khu \u0111\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng n\u1eb1m d\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u00e2n n\u00fai bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb s\u1ef1 huy ho\u00e0ng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \\\"\u0110\u1ea1i Zimbabwe\\\". B\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e2y b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh b\u1ea7u d\u1ee5c n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1eddng","v\u00e2y l\u1edbn h\u00ecnh b\u1ea7u d\u1ee5c. Tr\u00ean ba m\u1eb7t t\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00e0nh \u0110\u00f4ng, T\u00e2y, B\u1eafc tr\u1ecf ba c\u1eeda, b\u00ean tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i c\u1eeda \u0111\u1ec1u x\u00e2y v\u00f2m b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e1 hoa c\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1edbn. Ph\u00eda tr\u00ean c\u1ee7a t\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e2y c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eafp c\u00e1c hoa v\u0103n c\u1ee9ng nh\u01b0ng d\u00e0i v\u00e0 m\u1ea3nh, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f2n ch\u1ea1m kh\u1eafc chim \u0111\u00e1 h\u00ecnh th\u00f9 l\u1ea1 l\u00f9ng. Ph\u00eda \u0110\u00f4ng Nam t\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e2y c\u00f2n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t t\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e1 song song v\u1edbi t\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e2y, kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ed9 1m, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi t\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e2y h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1eb9p d\u00e0i 100m, cu\u1ed1i con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y l\u00e0 khu v\u1ef1c n\u1eeda k\u00edn gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i s\u00e2n. B\u00ean trong t\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e2y c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng th\u00e1p \u0111\u00e1 cao, c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh n\u00f3n; c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng bia \u0111\u00e1, h\u1ea7m ng\u1ea7m, gi\u1ebfng n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1 nham nh\u1edf, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 di t\u00edch cung \u0111\u00ecnh c\u1ed5. G\u1ea7n t\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e2y c\u00f2n c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 nh\u1ecf.Trong to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 qu\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac \u0110\u1ea1i Zimbabwe, \u0111i\u1ec1u th\u1ea7n b\u00ed nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u00e1p \u0111\u00e1 h\u00ecnh n\u00f3n b\u00ean trong t\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e2y h\u00ecnh b\u1ea7u d\u1ee5c. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac \u0111\u00e1 hoa c\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1eb7c ru\u1ed9t, tr\u00ean nh\u1ecf d\u01b0\u1edbi to, cao kho\u1ea3ng h\u01a1n 20m, kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t k\u00fd t\u1ef1 g\u00ec. N\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e1 hoa c\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ebdo th\u00e0nh g\u1ea1ch c\u00f3 l\u1ed7 m\u1ed9ng, x\u00e2y theo quy t\u1eafc \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e9t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed3 \u00e1n nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. Gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c vi\u00ean g\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e1 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 c\u00f3 v\u1ebft t\u00edch \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng v\u00f4i v\u1eefa ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft d\u00ednh n\u00e0o g\u1eafn l\u1ea1i, nh\u1eefng ch\u1ed7 ti\u1ebfp gi\u00e1p gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c vi\u00ean g\u1ea1ch r\u00e2t kh\u00edt nhau, mu\u1ed1n l\u00f9a m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee1i dao m\u1ecfng v\u00e0o c\u0169ng kh\u00f3. Kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i qua bao nhi\u00eau n\u0103m th\u00e1ng n\u1ebfm tr\u1ea3i, bao nhi\u00eau cu\u1ed9c b\u1ec3 d\u00e2u c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gian n\u00e0y? T\u1eeb n\u0103m 1868 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y, t\u1eebng \u0111o\u00e0n th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m ch\u00e2u \u00c2u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc h\u1eb1ng h\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ebfn mi\u1ec1n Nam ch\u00e2u Phi t\u00ecm t\u00f2i m\u1ecdi d\u1ea5u t\u00edch tr\u00ean m\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ea5t th\u1ea7n k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y. H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n, mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m r\u00f5 s\u1ef1 huy\u1ec1n b\u00ed n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i Zimbabwe. Th\u00e1p h\u00ecnh n\u00f3n, \u1edf b\u00ean trong t\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e2y c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i Zimbabwe l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean. Nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh l\u00e0 Cotlan Bethe \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng b\u1ecf ra nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a, s\u1ee9c l\u1ef1c \u0111\u00e0o m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ea7m v\u1edbi quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn xung quanh th\u00e1p h\u00ecnh n\u00f3n v\u00e0 xuy\u00ean qua th\u00e1p, h\u00f2ng t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ed1i v\u00e0o. \u00d4ng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra c\u00e1c th\u00e1p n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c ru\u1ed9t, c\u1eeda v\u00e0o cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3 v\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u1eeda. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng kh\u1ecfi kh\u00f4ng th\u1eafc m\u1eafc th\u00e1p kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 ch\u1ecdc tr\u1eddi n\u00e0y c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng g\u00ec? V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e0n th\u1ea3o v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u \u00fd ki\u1ebfn kh\u00e1c nhau. C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho r\u1eb1ng: h\u00ecnh d\u00e1ng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a th\u00e1p gi\u1ed1ng kho l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c l\u1edbn. Nh\u01b0ng to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 th\u00e1p l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ec9nh th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7c ru\u1ed9t th\u00ec l\u00e0m sao c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea5t tr\u1eef l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c? C\u0169ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho r\u1eb1ng, n\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u1eadt t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng cho b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn sinh d\u1ee5c nam, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t linh v\u1eadt m\u00e0 nghi th\u1ee9c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng, n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho tinh th\u1ea7n b\u1ed9 l\u1ea1c m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd ho\u1eb7c quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c t\u1ed1i cao c\u1ee7a t\u00f9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1ed9 l\u1ea1c. Nh\u01b0ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u00fd ki\u1ebfn n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u thi\u1ebfu ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9 thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c, th\u00eam v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1eed li\u1ec7u ghi ch\u00e9p g\u00ec. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, \u0110\u1ea1i Zimbabwe ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia th\u1eddi ho\u00e0ng kim t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft. H\u1ecd cho r\u1eb1ng, n\u00f3 r\u1ea5t gi\u1ed1ng s\u1eed s\u00e1ch ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 khu \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00f3 m\u1ecf v\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a Qu\u1ed1c v\u01b0\u01a1ng Salomon \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc t\u1edbi trong Th\u00e1nh kinh c\u1ef1u \u01b0\u1edbc. T\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 th\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng theo ki\u1ec3u m\u00e0 Vua Salomon x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng cung \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u00ean n\u00fai Molia.","Ki\u1ec3u suy lu\u1eadn ch\u1ee7 quan n\u00e0y m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1o \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea5y l\u00ean c\u01a1n s\u1ed1t t\u00ecm v\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00e2u \u00c2u. Kh\u00f4ng \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00e2u \u00c2u sau khi \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e1 n\u00e0y thu\u00ea d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n c\u01a1 gi\u1edbi ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn, ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e0o b\u1edbi to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 khu di t\u00edch, \u0111\u00e0o \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u 3m. H\u1ecd l\u1ea5y \u0111i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c v\u0103n v\u1eadt, tr\u1eeb \u0111\u00e1 hoa c\u01b0\u01a1ng. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u, bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u00f5 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u0169ng b\u1ecb l\u1ea5y \u0111i. Do v\u1eady, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng k\u1ecbp ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, khai qu\u1eadt khu v\u1ef1c th\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e1 n\u00e0y. Trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m th\u00e1ng sau n\u00e0y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh khai qu\u1eadt xung quanh Zimbabwe \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn v\u0103n v\u1eadt, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 v\u0169 kh\u00ed, c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u00edt \u0111\u1ed3 trang s\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ebf t\u00e1c r\u1ea5t tinh x\u1ea3o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb9p. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb Trung Qu\u1ed1c, \u1ea2 R\u1eadp, Ba T\u01b0 v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 t\u1eeb \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 xa x\u01b0a. T\u1eeb nh\u1eefng v\u0103n v\u1eadt t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea5t khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y, \u00edt nh\u1ea5t ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y, \u1edf n\u01a1i th\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e1 b\u1ecb ti\u00eau vong n\u00e0y t\u1eebng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 trao \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 v\u0103n h\u00f3a, m\u1eadu d\u1ecbch t\u1eeb l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi v\u1edbi Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 \u1ea2 R\u1eadp v\u00e0 Ba T\u01b0 c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a. Nh\u01b0ng trong c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch c\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c, \u1ea2 R\u1eadp, Ba T\u01b0 hi\u1ebfm th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng ghi ch\u00e9p v\u1ec1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n v\u1edbi Zimbabwe. R\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eefng di v\u1eadt n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt trung gian n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0a t\u1edbi bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n \u1edf Zimbabwe. Nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt trung gian n\u00e0y l\u00e0 ai, ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft. T\u1eeb nh\u1eefng th\u00e1p h\u00ecnh n\u00f3n h\u00f9ng v\u0129, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f2n th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng th\u1eddi b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 r\u1ea5t cao. N\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng th\u00e1p h\u00ecnh n\u00f3n n\u00e0y ngay t\u1eeb r\u1ea5t s\u1edbm \u0111\u00e3 n\u1eafm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc, ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac h\u1ecdc, l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc,... T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac \u0111\u00e1 to nh\u1ecf, xa g\u1ea7n n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m g\u00ec? C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho r\u1eb1ng, n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 Ho\u00e0ng th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t V\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t t\u1eeb r\u1ea5t s\u1edbm; c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o l\u1edbn. Nh\u01b0ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ph\u1ecfng \u0111o\u00e1n ch\u1ee7 quan b\u1edfi tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e1 n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 m\u1ed9t v\u0103n t\u1ef1 hay \u0111\u1ed3 \u00e1n ho\u1eb7c b\u00edch h\u1ecda n\u00e0o. V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t n\u00e0y n\u00f3 kh\u00e1c xa v\u1edbi Th\u00e0nh Maya c\u1ee7a Ch\u00e2u M\u1ef9, ho\u1eb7c Angkor c\u1ee7a khu v\u1ef1c \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1. Tr\u00ean Maya v\u00e0 Angkor \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c ph\u00f9 \u0111i\u00eau. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, trong n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n l\u1ea1i c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ghi ch\u00e9p g\u00ec v\u1ec1 Zimbabwe n\u00ean ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u n\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0o. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0: ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o? trong th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0o? d\u00f9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 g\u00ec? ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o ra th\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e1 \u0111\u1eb9p l\u1ea1 th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y? Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ebfn t\u1ea1o ra th\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e1 c\u00f3 quan h\u1ec7 g\u00ec v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Marshara v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Mataberlai hi\u1ec7n \u0111ang sinh s\u1ed1ng \u1edf Zimbabwe. N\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng th\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e1 t\u1eeb b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i t\u1edbi th\u00ec t\u1ea1i sao ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9t nhi\u00ean trong m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eeb b\u1ecf n\u01a1i n\u00e0y? C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i, tr\u00ean Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ngo\u00e0i Ai C\u1eadp ra th\u00ec \u0110\u1ea1i Zimbabwe c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ti\u00eau ch\u00ed c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh ch\u00e2u Phi. Nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1ea5t \u00edt H.T (Theo N\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh c\u1ed5 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi) B\u00ed \u1ea9n v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea1i l\u1ee5c Ch\u00e2u Phi v\u00e0 c\u1ed9i ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi Tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t xanh th\u1eb3m xinh t\u01b0\u01a1i n\u00e0y, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i, lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 lo\u00e0i linh tr\u01b0\u1edfng","trong v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt. C\u00f9ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a khoa h\u1ecdc, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 gen c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, kh\u1ed1ng ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt c\u1ee7a gi\u1edbi t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Nh\u01b0ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u1ebfn? V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, r\u1eafc r\u1ed1i v\u00e0 c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a n\u00e0y cho \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eadn ng\u00e0y nay c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Theo thuy\u1ebft ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a Darwin, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi do lo\u00e0i v\u01b0\u1ee3n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a th\u00e0nh, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kh\u00e2u c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a \u0111\u00f3 v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch th\u1ea5u \u0111\u00e1o. Nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n m\u1edbi trong ng\u00e0nh kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng xem x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y, v\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft m\u1edbi, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 xem ra r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 l\u00fd. Theo nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ed5 sinh v\u1eadt h\u1ecdc, t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi - v\u01b0\u1ee3n c\u1ed5 sinh s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng 400 v\u1ea1n n\u0103m \u0111\u1ebfn 800 v\u1ea1n n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, nh\u01b0ng t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean tr\u1ef1c h\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi - v\u01b0\u1ee3n c\u1ed5 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Nam s\u1ed1ng trong kho\u1ea3ng 400 v\u1ea1n n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc. T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch kho\u1ea3ng gi\u1eefa 400 v\u1ea1n n\u0103m t\u1eeb v\u01b0\u1ee3n c\u1ed5 trong r\u1eebng s\u00e2u \u0111\u1ebfn v\u01b0\u1ee3n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Nam l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng. V\u1eady, th\u1edbi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra bi\u1ebfn h\u00f3a g\u00ec khi\u1ebfn cho v\u01b0\u1ee3n c\u1ed5 \u0111\u00e3 quen v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean c\u00e2y, \u0111i l\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng b\u1ed1n ch\u00e2n thay \u0111\u1ed5i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01b0\u1edbng ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ee9ng th\u1eb3ng \u0111i b\u1eb1ng hai ch\u00e2n r\u1ed3i l\u1ea1i ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi? N\u0103m 1960, nh\u00e0 nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh, Alisthe \u0111\u01b0a ra b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ee9ng minh: 800 v\u1ea1n n\u0103m \u0111\u1ebfn 400 v\u1ea1n n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, \u1edf qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a v\u01b0\u1ee3n c\u1ed5 - mi\u1ec1n \u0110\u00f4ng Ch\u00e2u Phi, c\u00f3 v\u1ebft t\u00edch m\u1ed9t khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn, b\u1ecb n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n l\u00e0m ch\u00ecm ng\u1eadp, b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn v\u01b0\u1ee3n c\u1ed5 ph\u1ea3i xu\u1ed1ng bi\u1ec3n sinh s\u1ed1ng, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh v\u01b0\u1ee3n n\u01b0\u1edbc. M\u1ea5y tr\u0103m v\u1ea1n n\u0103m sau, n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n r\u00fat, s\u1ed1 v\u01b0\u1ee3n n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ea1i tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean c\u1ea1n, r\u1ed3i tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, giai \u0111o\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch, l\u00e0 v\u00ec t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng \u1edf bi\u1ec3n ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u1edf \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n. \u0110\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \\\"thuy\u1ebft v\u01b0\u1ee3n n\u01b0\u1edbc\\\" g\u00e2y x\u00f4n xao gi\u1edbi khoa h\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi. Alisthe c\u00f2n ch\u1ec9 ra giai \u0111o\u1ea1n h\u1ea3i d\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft tr\u00ean th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. R\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng sinh l\u00fd c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt c\u00f3 v\u00fa s\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0 b\u00e1o bi\u1ec3n, ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt c\u00f3 v\u00fa s\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean c\u1ea1n. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt lo\u00e0i linh tr\u01b0\u1edfng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp l\u00f4ng d\u00e0y, ch\u1ec9 ri\u00eang lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbp l\u00f4ng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i \u00edt d\u1ea7n r\u1ed3i m\u1ea5t h\u1eb3n. Ngo\u00e0i ra vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebft n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft lo\u1ea1i ra m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n mu\u1ed1i, d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o ti\u1ebft th\u00e2n nhi\u1ec7t ra m\u1ed3 h\u00f4i, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh vi kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt c\u00f3 v\u00fa s\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 s\u01a1 sinh c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, n\u1ebfu \u1edf d\u01b0\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ebd gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 b\u00e1o bi\u1ec3n, c\u00f3 \\\"ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng b\u01a1i l\u1eb7n\\\", h\u01a1n n\u1eefa th\u1eddi gian ngh\u1ec9 khi l\u1eb7n c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u01b0\u1ee3t xa c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt tr\u00ean c\u1ea1n kh\u00e1c. \\\"Thuy\u1ebft v\u01b0\u1ee3n n\u01b0\u1edbc\\\" \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u00edt c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb s\u1ef1 ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i, trong \u0111\u00f3","v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u0103n c\u1ee9 h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch l\u00e0m t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u. Ngo\u00e0i ra c\u00f2n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch kh\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 ra: M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt, \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef. M\u00e0 c\u00f4ng n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o t\u00e0i t\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 quan ph\u00e1t \u00e2m \u1edf con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Nh\u01b0ng, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a gi\u1ea3i ph\u1eabu h\u1ecdc l\u1ea1i ch\u1ee9ng minh, xem x\u00e9t c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o y\u1ebft h\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i linh tr\u01b0\u1edfng, n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a th\u00e0nh y\u1ebft h\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, hay n\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, y\u1ebft h\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 y\u1ebft h\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i linh tr\u01b0\u1edfng ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a th\u00e0nh, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 do di truy\u1ec1n sinh v\u1eadt c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t lo\u00e0i kh\u00e1c. V\u1eady \\\"di truy\u1ec1n sinh v\u1eadt c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i kh\u00e1c\\\" \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u? H\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0a tin, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u00e0i h\u00e0nh tinh c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y m\u1ea5y ch\u1ee5c v\u1ea1n n\u0103m \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh c\u00e2y gh\u00e9p (di th\u1ef1c) gen \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3.C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho r\u1eb1ng, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 y\u1ebft h\u1ea7u m\u00e0 trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a, \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u00e2u c\u0169ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp d\u1ea5u t\u00edch \\\"ng\u01b0\u1eddi\\\". So v\u1eady, ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, m\u00e0 n\u00f3 c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 x\u1ea3y ra s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u1ea3y v\u1ecdt \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch g\u00ec l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng k\u1ef3 t\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t sinh trong kho\u1ea3ng th\u1edbi gian r\u1ea5t ng\u1eafn ch\u1ec9 m\u1ea5y v\u1ea1n n\u0103m. M\u1ea5y n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 \u0111\u00e3 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf Ethiopian, Kenya thu\u1ed9c mi\u1ec1n Trung Ch\u00e2u Phi. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1edbm nh\u1ea5t - \\\"Luxi\\\", gi\u00fap cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc trong khi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u00eam c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb quan tr\u1ecdng. C\u00f9ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u s\u00e2u r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 l\u00fd do \u0111\u1ec3 tin t\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1eb1ng, c\u00e1nh c\u1eeda b\u00ed \u1ea9n v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 ng\u00e0y s\u1ebd m\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. H.T t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p B\u00ed \u1ea9n v\u1ec1 h\u00ecnh v\u1ebd \u0111\u1ed3ng ti\u1ec1n tr\u00ean b\u00e3i bi\u1ec3n. Tr\u00ean b\u00e3i bi\u1ec3n Minh H\u1ea3i \u1edf Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c v\u1ebd \u0111\u1ed3ng ti\u1ec1n kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3. T\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh ti\u1ec1n c\u1ed5 Trung Qu\u1ed1c cho \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng ch\u1eef r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn ra ch\u1eef g\u00ec, khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u h\u00ecnh v\u1ebd \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a g\u00ec, ai tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y n\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u1ea5y l\u00e0m l\u1ea1. H\u00ecnh v\u1ebd \u0111\u1ed3ng ti\u1ec1n t\u1ea1o c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c nh\u01b0 h\u00ecnh n\u1ed5i \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o c\u00e1t m\u00e0 \u0111\u1eafp l\u00ean. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i l\u1ea1i tr\u00ean b\u00e3i bi\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ecda, h\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1ea7m \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng r\u00e3nh c\u00e1t m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Nh\u01b0ng khi leo l\u00ean ng\u1ecdn n\u00fai tr\u00ean b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n c\u00fai nh\u00ecn xu\u1ed1ng th\u00ec r\u1ea5t ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng, c\u00e1c r\u00e3nh c\u00e1t \u0111\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ecda ti\u1ec1n c\u1ed5 r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn. T\u1ea1i n\u01a1i \u1ea5y b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn ra b\u1ee9c \\\"\u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ecda\\\" h\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n \u0111\u00f3 r\u1ea5t gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed3ng ti\u1ec1n c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c. Ch\u00ednh gi\u1eefa v\u00f2ng tr\u00f2n c\u00e1t \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ed7 4 c\u1ea1nh h\u00ecnh vu\u00f4ng. \u1ede b\u1ed1n c\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a l\u1ed7 h\u00ecnh vu\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 4 ch\u1eef \\\"V\u0129nh Khoan Th\u00f4ng B\u1ea3o\\\". B\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ecda h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed3ng ti\u1ec1n n\u00e0y l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c n\u00e0o? Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh \u0111o \u0111\u1ea1c th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecba. Khi \u0111o \u0111\u1ea1c, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n m\u1edbi. Th\u00ec ra b\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ecda ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh \u00f4-van, c\u00f3 chu vi 354 m\u00e9t,","chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i \u0110\u00f4ng T\u00e2y 122 m\u00e9t, chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng Nam B\u1eafc 90 m\u00e9t, khi \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh n\u00fai ph\u00eda \u0110\u00f4ng n\u00f3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y n\u00f3 tr\u00f2n xoe. V\u1eady b\u1ee9c h\u1ecda \u0111\u1ed3 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed3ng ti\u1ec1n kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? Theo truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft, n\u0103m V\u0129nh Khoan th\u1ee9 10, t\u1ee9c n\u0103m 1633, c\u01b0 d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e0o c\u00e1t t\u1ea1o ra n\u00f3 trong m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00eam \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1edd \u0111\u00f3n Long Ho\u00e0n Phan Ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ecb s\u00e1t, v\u00e0 n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay. M\u1ed9t truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft kh\u00e1c l\u1ea1i n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng, tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh n\u00fai C\u1ea7m \u0110\u00e0n, h\u1ed3i \u1ea5y c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1edd th\u1ea7n, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \\\"B\u00e1t Phan th\u1ea7n cung\\\". N\u0103m \\\"\u0110\u1ea1i B\u1ea3o\\\" th\u1ee9 ba, t\u1ee9c n\u0103m 703, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00eam, B\u00e1t Phan \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ea7n \u0111i tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc thuy\u1ec1n t\u1ecfa s\u00e1ng, t\u1eeb V\u0169 T\u00e1 th\u1ea7n cung bay xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea5t. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi c\u00f3 b\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ecda ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed3ng \u1ea5y. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ng\u00f4i th\u1ea7n cung \u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00fang t\u1ebf B\u00e1t Phan \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ea7n.B\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ecda b\u00ed \u1ea9n c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i \u1ea5y, khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta li\u00ean t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ecda kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng Nasca \u1edf P\u00earu. Nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh v\u1ebd kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 tr\u00ean cao nh\u00ecn xu\u1ed1ng m\u1edbi nh\u1eadn ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta cho r\u1eb1ng, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ki\u1ec7t t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi V\u0169 Tr\u1ee5. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t x\u01b0a, th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o v\u1ebd ra n\u1ed5i. V\u1eady th\u00ec b\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ecda ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed3ng, ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng c\u0169ng l\u00e0 v\u1eadt k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi V\u0169 Tr\u1ee5. Trong truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft, v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebf t\u1eeb V\u0169 T\u00e1 ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u00e0i h\u00e0nh tinh \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb V\u0169 Tr\u1ee5. Thuy\u1ec1n t\u1ecfa s\u00e1ng ch\u1edf v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u0129a bay? N\u1ebfu v\u1eady th\u00ec v\u00ec sao ng\u01b0\u1eddi V\u0169 Tr\u1ee5 l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t m\u00e0 \\\"v\u1ebd\\\" n\u00ean \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ecda ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed3ng? Ng\u1ee5 \u00fd c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 g\u00ec? M\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u00f3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m r\u00f5 v\u00e0 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i t\u1eeb t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean xa x\u01b0a th\u1eddi c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i. H\u1ecd l\u1ea1i cho r\u1eb1ng, \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ecda ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n l\u00e0 ki\u1ec7t t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 k\u1ebft tinh tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta suy lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng: Khi t\u1ea1o ra k\u1ef3 t\u00edch n\u00e0y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 huy \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ee9ng l\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh n\u00fai C\u1ea7m \u0110\u00e0n tr\u00ean b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n, d\u00f9ng c\u1edd hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 huy \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u1edf b\u00e3i bi\u1ec3n. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ch\u1ec9 huy th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea1ng m\u1ee5c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh to l\u1edbn \u0111\u00f3. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, b\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ecda h\u1ecd t\u1ea1o ra m\u1edbi c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh b\u1ea7u d\u1ee5c nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, nh\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh n\u00fai th\u00ec v\u1eabn th\u1ea5y n\u00f3 c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n, c\u00e0ng gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed3ng ti\u1ec1n. V\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch n\u00e0y c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n h\u1ee3p l\u00fd, nh\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f2n th\u1eafc m\u1eafc l\u00e0, do ai t\u1ea1o ra n\u00f3, \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m g\u00ec, v\u00e0 v\u00e0o l\u00fac n\u00e0o? V\u00ec sao n\u00f3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i l\u00e2u d\u00e0i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady tr\u00ean b\u00e3i bi\u1ec3n s\u00f3ng v\u1ed7 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb san ph\u1eb3ng m\u1ea5t \u0111i? H.T (theo K\u00ednh v\u1ea1n l\u00fd) B\u00ed \u1ea9n v\u1ec1 ki\u1ec7t t\u00e1c trong hang \u0111\u1ed9ng N\u0103m 1875, trong hang \u0111\u1ed9ng Altamira \u1edf T\u00e2y Ban Nha, De Sotura \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n th\u1ea5y nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e1 l\u1eeda, x\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u00e1 c\u0169 v\u00e0 b\u1ee9c b\u00edch h\u1ecda m\u00e0u \u0111en tr\u00ean v\u00e1ch hang \u0111\u1ed9ng. B\u1ed1n n\u0103m sau, l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 2 De Soture \u0111\u1ebfn Altamira v\u1edbi hi v\u1ecdng s\u1ebd khai qu\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ed5 v\u1eadt m\u1edbi, l\u1ea7n n\u00e0y \u00f4ng mang theo c\u1ea3 con g\u00e1i m\u1edbi l\u00ean 5. Khi \u00f4ng c\u00f2n khai qu\u1eadt trong hang \u0111\u1ed9ng Altamira, con g\u00e1i \u00f4ng t\u1ef1 ch\u01a1i m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh b\u1ed7ng ho\u1ea3ng h\u1ed1t h\u00e9t l\u00ean: \\\"Tr\u00e2u!","Tr\u00e2u\\\". C\u00e1i m\u00e0 c\u00f4 b\u00e9 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 b\u1ee9c b\u00edch h\u1ecda sau n\u00e0y n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u1edf hang \u0111\u1ed9ng Altamira. Tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh hang \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 v\u00e1ch hang \u0111\u1ed9ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta v\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea7y nh\u1eefng lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt nh\u01b0: l\u1ee3n r\u1eebng, tr\u00e2u r\u1eebng, h\u01b0\u01a1u r\u1eebng v\u00e0 ng\u1ef1a r\u1eebng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u01b0 th\u1ebf kh\u00e1c nhau. B\u1ee9c b\u00edch h\u1ecda \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. Hang \u0111\u1ed9ng Altamira r\u1ea5t to l\u1edbn c\u00f3 chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i 400m. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft, hang \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y do m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ea3y sau nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m b\u00e0o m\u00f2n \u0111\u00e1 m\u00e0 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean. B\u1ee9c b\u00edch h\u1ecda n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u00f3 n\u1eb1m b\u00ean tr\u00e1i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i 11m, r\u1ed9ng kho\u1ea3ng 5m, mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 t\u1ed5ng c\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n 170 h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u phong c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c l\u1ea1. \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e9t c\u1ee7a b\u1ee9c b\u00edch h\u1ecda r\u1ea5t s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng, b\u1ed1 c\u1ee5c h\u1ee3p l\u00fd, m\u00e0u s\u1eafc t\u01b0\u01a1i \u0111\u1eb9p. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecda s\u1ef9 t\u00e0i hoa th\u1eddi b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e3 tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng m\u1eb7t m\u1ea5p m\u00f4 l\u1ed3i l\u00f5m c\u1ee7a nham th\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u01a1 th\u1ecbt v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 x\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt. Th\u1ee7 ph\u00e1p cao si\u00eau c\u1ee7a b\u1ee9c b\u00edch h\u1ecda khi\u1ebfn m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ed3 th\u00e1n ph\u1ee5c. N\u0103m 1880, De Sotura \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 b\u1ee9c b\u00edch h\u1ecda Altamira trong cu\u1ed1n \\\"Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u s\u01a1 l\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ec1 di v\u1eadt ti\u1ec1n s\u1eed \u1edf t\u1ec9nh Santander\\\". \u00d4ng cho r\u1eb1ng, ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a b\u1ee9c b\u00edch h\u1ecda thu\u1ed9c th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u00e1 c\u0169. Vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a ra l\u1eddi ki\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3i v\u1ec1 b\u1ee9c b\u00edch h\u1ecda c\u1ee7a Sotura l\u1eadp th\u1ee9c l\u00e0m d\u1ea5y l\u00ean cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn gay g\u1eaft trong gi\u1edbi h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt. C\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn c\u1ee7a Sotura \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p - Gogriel de Mortilet v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 sinh v\u1eadt h\u1ecdc c\u1ed5 Madrit Werlannova s\u1ed1ng c\u00f9ng th\u1eddi \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111a s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc trong gi\u1edbi h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i c\u00e1ch ki\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a Sotura. H\u1ecd cho r\u1eb1ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y ch\u01b0a th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea1t ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt cao si\u00eau nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f2n ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch Sotura l\u00e0 k\u1ebb l\u1eeba \u0111\u1ea3o v\u00e0 h\u1ecd nghi ng\u1edd c\u00e1c b\u1ee9c h\u1ecda \u1ea5y l\u00e0 ng\u1ee5y t\u1ea1o. V\u00ec v\u1eady, b\u1ee9c b\u00edch h\u1ecda \u1edf hang \u0111\u1ed9ng Altamira sau khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 tuy \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea5y l\u00ean m\u1ed9t l\u00e0n s\u00f3ng tranh lu\u1eadn nh\u01b0ng r\u1ed3i nhanh ch\u00f3ng l\u1eafng xu\u1ed1ng. \u0110\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1888, khi Sotura r\u1eddi xa nh\u00e2n th\u1ebf trong l\u00f2ng v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u00f4m s\u1ef1 h\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfc v\u00ec ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn. Nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i cho th\u1ea5y, nhi\u1ec1u di ch\u1ec9 hang \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng c\u01b0 tr\u00fa \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 di t\u00edch c\u00e1c b\u1ee9c b\u00edch h\u1ecda nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y. N\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a b\u00edch h\u1ecda v\u1eabn ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt nh\u01b0: ng\u1ef1a r\u1eebng, tr\u00e2u r\u1eebng, h\u01b0\u01a1u r\u1eebng, s\u01b0 t\u1eed, g\u1ea5u, t\u00e0 ng\u01b0u... V\u00ec v\u1eady, c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho r\u1eb1ng, ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt hang \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00ecnh v\u1ebd v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u1ec1n s\u1eed v\u1ebd mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u00ec h\u1ecd quan ni\u1ec7m ch\u00fang c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ecd. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt cung c\u1ea5p cho h\u1ecd ngu\u1ed3n th\u1ee9c \u0103n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 ng\u1ef1a r\u1eebng, tr\u00e2u r\u1eebng ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng l\u00f2ai d\u00e3 th\u00fa uy hi\u1ebfp nghi\u00eam t\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng sinh t\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd nh\u01b0 s\u01b0 t\u1eed, g\u1ea5u, h\u1ed5,... v\u00e0 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt cung c\u1ea5p v\u1eadt ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed3 d\u00f9ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd nh\u01b0 ng\u00e0 voi, s\u1eebng h\u01b0\u01a1u,...","N\u1ebfu x\u00e9t t\u1eeb k\u1ef9 x\u1ea3o ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt th\u00ec tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y c\u00f2n r\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p. \u0110a s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m h\u1ed9i h\u1ecda c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e9t th\u00f4 k\u1ec7ch m\u1ea5t d\u1ea5u, m\u00e0u s\u1eafc kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p. Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed, ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt b\u00edch h\u1ecda hang \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn n\u0103m c\u0169ng c\u00f3 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ed9i h\u1ecda r\u1ea5t v\u1ee5ng v\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111em so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi b\u1ee9c b\u00edch h\u1ecda \u1edf hang \u0111\u1ed9ng Altamira. Do v\u1eady, c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y lu\u00f4n cho r\u1eb1ng, b\u1ee9c b\u00edch h\u1ecda \u1edf hang \u0111\u1ed9ng Altamira l\u00e0 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i trong nh\u1eefng th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i, b\u1ee9c b\u00edch h\u1ecda \\\"Tr\u00e2u r\u1eebng b\u1ecb th\u01b0\u01a1ng\\\" \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ebd tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh hang \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ea1t nh\u1ea5t trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c b\u00edch h\u1ecda \u1edf Altamira. Con tr\u00e2u r\u1eebng n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t hung d\u1eef, sau khi b\u1ecb th\u01b0\u01a1ng, to\u00e0n th\u00e2n cu\u1ed9n tr\u00f2n th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i, 4 ch\u00e2n co gi\u1eadt, s\u1eebng n\u00f3 cong v\u00fat, \u0111u\u00f4i vung l\u00ean, tai d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ee9ng. Th\u1ea7n th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a con tr\u00e2u r\u1eebng r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 h\u1ed3n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt cao. Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ch\u1ebft v\u1eabn c\u00f2n hung d\u1eef c\u1ee7a con tr\u00e2u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tinh t\u1ebf khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u00e0y nay ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ed3 th\u00e1n ph\u1ee5c tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt cao si\u00eau c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt gia nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y. Trong hang \u0111\u1ed9ng Altamira, ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 ch\u00e2n th\u1ef1c c\u00f2n c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u h\u00ecnh v\u1ebd tr\u00ecu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh ph\u00e1c h\u1ecda b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c n\u00e9t v\u1ebd th\u00f4 k\u1ec7ch m\u00e0u \u0111en, c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ecda b\u1eb1ng m\u00e0u s\u1eafc d\u1ecbu nh\u01b0ng r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eadm, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ch\u1ed7 khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi xem hoa c\u1ea3 m\u1eaft. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n, c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh v\u1ebd n\u00e0y mu\u1ed1n b\u00e0y t\u1ecf kh\u00e1t v\u1ecdng chinh ph\u1ee5c d\u00e3 th\u00fa c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u00fang c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o trong s\u0103n b\u1eafn c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0, c\u00e1c c\u01b0 d\u00e2n nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y c\u01b0 tr\u00fa \u1edf hang \u0111\u1ed9ng Altamira l\u00e0m sao c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt huy ho\u00e0ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady? Cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi th\u1ecfa \u0111\u00e1ng. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft, hang \u0111\u1ed9ng Altamira h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 h\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00f3n ti\u1ebfp 35 kh\u00e1ch tham quan, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1eb7t k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Ch\u00fang ta tin r\u1eb1ng, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5, nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ebd kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00ed \u1ea9n v\u1ec1 b\u1ee9c b\u00edch h\u1ecda \u1edf hang \u0111\u1ed9ng Altamira.","H.T (theo N\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh c\u1ed5 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi) B\u00ed \u1ea9n v\u1ec1 kho b\u00e1u trong s\u1eed thi Homere. S\u1eed thi Ili\u00e1t v\u00e0 O\u0111ixe (Illiade va Odyss\u00e9e) l\u00e0 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m v\u0103n h\u1ecdc v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc Hy L\u1ea1p c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft ra t\u1eeb tr\u00ed \u00f3c s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi v\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng m\u00f9 t\u00ean l\u00e0 Homere. Kho\u1ea3ng 3000 n\u0103m sau, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u01a1ng gia ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c t\u00ean l\u00e0 Heinrich Schliemann d\u1ef1a theo hai b\u1ed9 s\u1eed thi Ili\u00e1t v\u00e0 O\u0111ixe \u0111\u00e3 khai qu\u1eadt di ch\u1ec9 Th\u00e0nh Troie (T\u01a1 roa) b\u1ecb v\u00f9i s\u00e2u trong l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea5t h\u01a1n 2000 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \\\"Kho b\u00e1u Priam\\\" \u1edf ph\u00eda \u0110\u00f4ng B\u1eafc b\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea3o Xiasia. Th\u01b0\u01a1ng gia ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c n\u00e0y c\u0169ng ph\u00e1t hii\u1ec7n ra ph\u1ea7n m\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a V\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ea5t Myc\u00e8nes trong m\u1ed9t khe n\u00fai \u1edf b\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea3o Borobennisa v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t kho b\u00e1u ch\u00f4n s\u00e2u d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 3000 n\u0103m, khi\u1ebfn cho c\u00e1c b\u00e1u v\u1eadt l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y \u00e1nh M\u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi. \u1ede mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u1ee9c, t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n nh\u1ecf g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Mekhbaobang c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb m\u1ee5c s\u01b0 ngh\u00e8o. V\u00e0o m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y c\u1ee7a n\u0103m 1832, ng\u00e0i t\u1eb7ng cho ch\u00fa b\u00e9 Schliemann l\u00ean 10 tu\u1ed5i m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed1n \u0110\u1ed3 gi\u1ea3i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi do Yeleer bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n, l\u00e0m qu\u00e0 sinh nh\u1eadt. C\u1ea7u b\u00e9 r\u1ea5t th\u00edch m\u00f3n qu\u00e0 sinh nh\u1eadt n\u00e0y. Schliemann v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1eadu b\u00e9 r\u1ea5t ham h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi nh\u01b0ng do nh\u00e0 ngh\u00e8o, n\u0103m 14 tu\u1ed5i c\u1eadu ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecf h\u1ecdc \u0111i l\u00e0m thu\u00ea cho hi\u1ec7u t\u1ea1p h\u00f3a. Su\u1ed1t nh\u1eefng n\u0103m tu\u1ed5i ni\u00ean thi\u1ebfu v\u00e0 thanh ni\u00ean, c\u1eadu \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i b\u00f4n ba l\u01b0u l\u1ea1c ki\u1ebfm s\u1ed1ng. N\u0103m 1856, Heinrich Schliemann b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u h\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfng Hy L\u1ea1p hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng Hy L\u1ea1p c\u1ed5. V\u00ec c\u00f3 tr\u00ed th\u00f4ng minh tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi n\u00ean anh h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp r\u1ea5t nhanh. M\u1ed9t th\u00e1ng r\u01b0\u1ee1i anh h\u1ecdc xong ti\u1ebfng Hy L\u1ea1p hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, sau \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfp hai th\u00e1ng ti\u1ebfng Hy L\u1ea1p c\u1ed5. Khi \u0111\u00e3 tinh th\u00f4ng c\u00e1c lu\u1eadt th\u01a1 trong s\u1eed thi c\u1ee7a Homere, Schliemann c\u00f3 \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh vi\u1ec3n v\u00f4ng, quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111i khai qu\u1eadt m\u1ed9t t\u00f2a th\u00e0nh c\u1ed5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn trong s\u1eed thi. M\u00f9a Xu\u00e2n n\u0103m 1869, Schliemann th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9ng t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Theo mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 trong s\u1eed thi c\u1ee7a Homere, \u1edf g\u1ea7n Th\u00e0nh Troie c\u00f3 hai d\u00f2ng su\u1ed1i ng\u1ea7m: \\\"D\u00f2ng su\u1ed1i ng\u1ea7m n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3ng, h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ed1c l\u00ean nghi ng\u00fat, bay l\u00ean kh\u00f4ng trung gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u00e0n kh\u00f3i n\u00f3ng h\u1eebng h\u1ef1c; nh\u01b0ng d\u00f2ng su\u1ed1i ng\u1ea7m kia th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 ngay c\u1ea3 trong m\u00f9a h\u00e8 c\u0169ng r\u00e9t bu\u1ed1t nh\u01b0 b\u0103ng tuy\u1ebft\\\". Th\u00e1ng 4 n\u0103m 1870, Schliemann nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p khai qu\u1eadt khu di ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ee7a quan ch\u1ee9c Th\u1ed5 Nh\u0129 K\u1ef3. \u00d4ng b\u1eaft tay v\u00e0o khai qu\u1eadt Th\u00e0nh Troie \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb ch\u00ecm l\u1ea5p \u1edf N\u00fai Xisalihk v\u01a1i mong mu\u1ed1n s\u1ebd t\u00e1i hi\u1ec7n l\u1ea1i n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh Th\u00e0nh Troie thu\u1edf n\u00e0o. C\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh khai qu\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1edfi c\u00f4ng v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 1 n\u0103m 1871 v\u00e0 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i 3, 4 n\u0103m v\u00ec c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c li\u00ean t\u1ee5c b\u1ecb gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n. Trung tu\u1ea7n th\u00e1ng 3 n\u0103m 1873, Heinrich Schliemann l\u1ea1i ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh khai qu\u1eadt m\u1ed9t di\u1ec7n t\u00edch l\u1edbn khu \u0111\u1ea5t \u1edf ph\u00eda B\u1eafc N\u00fai Hissarlik. Nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea7n khai qu\u1eadt n\u00e0y, \u00f4ng h\u01a1i th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng, v\u00ec di ch\u1ec9 h\u01a1i nh\u1ecf, h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy m\u00f4 ho\u00e0nh tr\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a Th\u00e0nh Troie m\u00e0 \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng qua mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a Homere. Nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng c\u0169ng l\u1ea1i suy x\u00e9t, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 th\u01a1, v\u1edbi m\u1ed7i s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c, nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh Homere ph\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ea1i l\u00ean g\u1ea5p nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n. C\u00f3 l\u1ebd ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf m\u00e0 trong ba l\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e0o b\u1edbi,","\u00f4ng ch\u01b0a t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ecfi v\u00e0ng v\u00e0o ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ebf ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0ng n\u00e0o. V\u00e0o m\u1ed9t bu\u1ed5i s\u00e1ng (m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y tr\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u00e0y 15 th\u00e1ng 6) trong \u00e1nh n\u1eafng nh\u1eb9, Schliemann c\u00f9ng v\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ee9ng c\u1ea1nh m\u1ed9t b\u1edd t\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00e0nh c\u1ed5 d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u 29 th\u01b0\u1edbc Anh. \u0110\u1ed9t nhi\u00ean, \u00f4ng nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng xanh n\u1eb1m \u1edf ph\u00eda d\u01b0\u1edbi b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng. Khi b\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ea1i g\u1ea7n, \u00f4ng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra ph\u00eda sau kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ed3ng xanh \u1ea5y c\u00f2n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 ph\u00e1t ra \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng l\u1ea5p l\u00e1nh gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 v\u00e0ng. Schliemann li\u1ec1n g\u1ecdi v\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n, n\u00f3i nh\u1ecf v\u00e0o tai v\u1ee3 \\\"cho th\u1ee3 ngh\u1ec9 ngay, ch\u1ea1y nhanh l\u00ean\\\". Sau khi th\u1ee3 gi\u1ea3i t\u00e1n, Schliemann nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng d\u00f9ng dao c\u1eady l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ea5t xung quanh kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ed3ng xanh. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng trong l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea5t l\u1ed9 ra \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng l\u1ea5p l\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a v\u00e0ng, \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0 voi. V\u1ee3 \u00f4ng b\u1ecf chi\u1ebfc kh\u0103n cho\u00e0ng m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf \u0111\u1ec3 g\u00f3i t\u1eebng m\u00f3n b\u00e1u v\u1eadt. Trong nh\u1eefng b\u00e1u v\u1eadt n\u00e0y, gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 2 chi\u1ebfc m\u0169 mi\u1ec7n v\u00e0ng hoa l\u1ec7, c\u00f3 v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p m\u00ea h\u1ed3n cu\u1ed1n h\u00fat t\u1eeb \u00e1nh m\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean. Chi\u1ebfc m\u0169 mi\u1ec7n to \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gh\u00e9p t\u1eeb 1784 phi\u1ebfn v\u00e0ng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 tuy\u1ec7t m\u1ef9. Xung quanh n\u00f3 c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f3c 75 s\u1ee3i d\u00e2y ng\u1eafn, 18 s\u1ee3i d\u00e2y d\u00e0i, m\u1ed7i s\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng mi\u1ebfng v\u00e0ng hinh tr\u00e1i \u0111\u00e0o. Nh\u1eefng s\u1ee3i ng\u1eafn r\u1ee7 xu\u1ed1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00e1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed9i, nh\u1eefng s\u1ee3i d\u00e0i r\u1ee7 xu\u1ed1ng b\u1edd vai ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed9i. Khu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed9i m\u0169 mi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a v\u00e0ng l\u1ea5p l\u00e1nh bao quanh. Chi\u1ebfc m\u0169 mi\u1ec7n th\u1ee9 hai c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 chi\u1ebfc m\u0169 th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c s\u1ee3i d\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f3c v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1eefng l\u00e1 v\u00e0ng, d\u00e2y ph\u00eda sau t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i ng\u1eafn, ch\u1ec9 che \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hai b\u00fai t\u00f3c. K\u1ef9 ngh\u1ec7 ch\u1ebf t\u00e1c hai m\u0169 mi\u1ec7n n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t tinh x\u1ea3o v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n m\u1ef9. Ngo\u00e0i ra, t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y, Schliemann c\u00f2n khai qu\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 7 v\u00f2ng v\u00e0ng, 2 ly v\u00e0ng, 3 ly m\u00e3 n\u00e3o, 4 h\u1ed9p l\u1edbn b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0ng b\u00ean trong \u0111\u1ef1ng 65 v\u00f2ng \u0111eo tai, 8600 c\u1ed1c b\u1ea1c nh\u1ecf; c\u00f2n c\u00f3 l\u0103ng k\u00ednh \u0111\u1ee5c l\u1ed7, c\u00fac \u00e1o,... nh\u1eefng th\u1ecfi v\u00e0ng v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1eadt nh\u1ecf ch\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng X\u00eari, l\u1ecd hoa b\u1eb1ng b\u1ea1c, \u0111\u1ed3ng, v\u0169 kh\u00ed, qu\u1ea3 t\u1ea1. Cho \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac ch\u1ebft, Schliemann v\u1eabn cho r\u1eb1ng, c\u00e1c b\u00e1u v\u1eadt tr\u00ean l\u00e0 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a vua Priam x\u1ee9 Troie. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 Th\u00e0nh Troie, l\u00e0 cung \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Vua Priam v\u00e0 l\u00e0 kho b\u00e1u trong Th\u00e0nh Troie \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u00f2i b\u00fat c\u1ee7a Homere mi\u00eau t\u1ea3. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u00fd do g\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 lay chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a Schliemann. \u00d4ng cho r\u1eb1ng: T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed3 d\u00f9ng trong tay \u00f4ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3 trang s\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a Meilun MeliiuMa, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb9p nh\u1ea5t Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn cho Th\u00e0nh Troie b\u1ecb h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t trong ch\u1ed1c l\u00e1t. Schliemann m\u1ea5t ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 3 n\u0103m th\u00ec suy lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 ph\u00e1n \u0111o\u00e1n c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng b\u1ecb c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 b\u00e1c b\u1ecf. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a s\u1ed1 b\u00e1u v\u1eadt tr\u00ean l\u00e0 Qu\u1ed1c v\u01b0\u01a1ng Bipriamne, c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc 1.500 n\u0103m. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ph\u00e1n \u0111o\u00e1n c\u1ee7a Schliemann c\u00f3 sai l\u1ea7m, nh\u01b0ng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u1eabn mang gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn kh\u00f4ng g\u00ec so s\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, n\u00ean v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1eadu th\u1ebf h\u1ebft l\u1eddi ca ng\u1ee3i. C\u00e1c tr\u1ee3 th\u1ee7 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u1ebf th\u1eeba c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, b\u1eb1ng ni\u1ec1m tin m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng kh\u00f4ng m\u1ec7t m\u1ecfi, \u0111\u00e3 khai qu\u1eadt h\u1ebft Th\u00e0nh Troie nh\u01b0 Homere mi\u00eau t\u1ea3, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 6 th\u00e0nh. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f4ng lao \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u00e0 l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 cho Th\u00e0nh Troie l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa th\u1ea5y \u00e1nh M\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi v\u1eabn thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 Heinrich Schliemann - Ng\u01b0\u1eddi mang m\u1ed9t ni\u1ec1m tin son s\u1eaft v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 Homere v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft.","Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi khai qu\u1eadt Th\u00e0nh Troie, Schliemann \u0111\u00e3 ngh\u0129 t\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c khai qu\u1eadt Th\u00e0nh Myc\u00e8nes n\u1eb1m \u1edf ph\u00eda \u0110\u00f4ng B\u1eafc b\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea3o Borobennisa. V\u00ec l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi am hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 y\u00eau th\u00edch s\u1eed thi Homere, \u00f4ng nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c khi Homere mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 Th\u00e0nh Myc\u00e8nes \u0111\u1ec1u cho th\u00eam c\u00e1c c\u1ee5m h\u00ecnh dung t\u1eeb nh\u01b0 \\\"r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0ng\\\", \\\"l\u00e0 m\u00e0u v\u00e0ng\\\", \\\"h\u01b0ng th\u1ecbnh ph\u1ed3n vinh\\\"... D\u01b0\u1edbi ng\u00f2i b\u00fat c\u1ee7a Homere, n\u1ebfu Th\u00e0nh Troie r\u1ea5t gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 th\u00ec Th\u00e0nh Myc\u00e8nes c\u00e0ng gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 h\u01a1n. Th\u00e1ng 8 n\u0103m 1876, Schliemann \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t khe n\u00fai v\u1eafng v\u1ebb tr\u00ean b\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea3u Borobennisa. \u1ede ph\u00eda T\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec9nh n\u00fai, t\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e1 r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn, \u1edf gi\u1eefa m\u1edf ra m\u1ed9t c\u1eeda n\u00fai l\u1edbn, tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t c\u00f3 hai con s\u01b0 t\u1eed nh\u00ecn r\u1ea5t oai h\u00f9ng, \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 C\u1eeda S\u01b0 t\u1eed n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.N\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 \u0111\u00e3 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n c\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm ph\u1ea7n m\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a Vua Agamemnon. D\u1ef1a v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u1ecbnh theo \u00fd ch\u1ee7 quan, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 t\u00f9y ti\u1ec7n gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch nh\u1eefng ghi ch\u00e9p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1eed h\u1ecdc Hy L\u1ea1p Th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 II tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean. D\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u0103n c\u1ee9 n\u00e0o nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd v\u1eabn c\u1ea3 quy\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng, ph\u1ea7n m\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a Vua Agamemnon n\u1eb1m \u1edf b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i t\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00e0nh. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, Schliemann l\u1ea1i c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ghi ch\u00e9p \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra ph\u00e1n \u0111o\u00e1n r\u1eb1ng, ph\u1ea7n m\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb Vua \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 3 chi\u1ebfn h\u1eefu kh\u00e1c n\u1eb1m \u1edf ph\u00eda trong t\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00e0nh ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. Schliemann b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u khai qu\u1eadt v\u00f9ng xung quanh C\u1eeda S\u01b0 t\u1eed t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y 7 th\u00e1ng 9 n\u0103m 1876. Kh\u00f4ng l\u00e2u sau, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 s\u01a1 b\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng minh con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u00f4ng ch\u1ecdn l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. \u1ede m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i c\u00e1ch C\u1eeda S\u01b0 t\u1eed 50 th\u01b0\u1edbc Anh, c\u00e1ch t\u01b0\u1eddng Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Kh\u1ed5ng L\u1ed3 M\u1ed9t M\u1eaft kh\u00f4ng xa, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e0o m\u1ed9t h\u1ed1 s\u00e2u d\u00e0i 90 th\u01b0\u1edbc Anh, r\u1ed9ng 15 th\u01b0\u1edbc Anh. D\u01b0\u1edbi h\u1ed1 l\u1ed9 ra m\u1ed9t v\u00f2ng tr\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng t\u1ea5m \u0111\u00e1 b\u1eb1ng ph\u1eb3ng quay l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh 90 th\u01b0\u1edbc Anh. \u0110\u1ea5t trong v\u00f2ng tr\u00f2n \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb san b\u1eb1ng, trong ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m \u0111\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00f4n th\u1eb3ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 bia m\u1ed9. N\u00e9t ph\u00f9 \u0111i\u00eau tr\u00ean t\u1ea5m \u0111\u00e1 b\u1ecb h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng n\u1eb7ng, kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft ph\u00eda d\u01b0\u1edbi phi\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, khe n\u00fai c\u1ee7a b\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea3o Borobennisa tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh t\u00e2m \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00fa \u00fd c\u1ee7a To\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. V\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng Schliemann khai qu\u1eadt t\u1ed5ng c\u1ed9ng 5 ng\u00f4i m\u1ed9 v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra ng\u00f4i th\u1ee9 6 \u1edf Sitamasaji. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4i m\u1ed9 n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u n\u1eb1m trong c\u00e1c v\u00f2ng tr\u00f2n do nh\u1eefng phi\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e1 qu\u00e2y th\u00e0nh. Th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t, trong v\u00f2ng tr\u00f2n kia c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u0103ng m\u1ed9, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ecba c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y tr\u01b0\u1edbc Schliemann ch\u01b0a ai bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn. C\u00e1c ng\u00f4i m\u1ed9 h\u00ecnh vu\u00f4ng, \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u, \u0111\u1ed9 to nh\u1ecf \u0111\u1ec1u gi\u1ed1ng nhau. Trong m\u1ed9 huy\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a 6 ng\u00f4i m\u1ed9 n\u00e0y t\u00e1ng 20 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, c\u00f3 nam, n\u1eef v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 tr\u1ebb em. Tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng thi th\u1ec3 n\u00e0y ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ee7 c\u00e1c trang s\u1ee9c b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0ng. M\u1eb7t \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee5p m\u1eb7t n\u1ea1 b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0ng, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ed9i m\u0169 b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0ng. Hai tr\u1ebb em \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ecdc trong t\u1ea5m v\u00e0ng. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh thi th\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1eadt nh\u01b0: dao, ki\u1ebfm, c\u1ed1c v\u00e0ng. C\u00f2n b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh thi th\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u00e1p \u0111\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ed3 trang s\u1ee9c b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i kim, tr\u00e2m c\u00e0i \u0111\u1ea7u, tr\u00ean \u00e1o c\u0169ng c\u00f3 trang tr\u00ed nh\u1eefng m\u1ea3nh v\u00e0ng. Ngo\u00e0i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1eadt qu\u00fd b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong ng\u00f4i m\u1ed9, c\u00e1c b\u00e1u v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb, ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt ch\u1ebf t\u00e1c","tinh x\u1ea3o, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t kh\u00f4ng hai. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 hai chu\u00f4i dao g\u0103m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea1m kh\u1ea3m b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0ng, c\u00e1c c\u1ea3nh v\u1eadt s\u00f4ng n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng l\u00f9m lau s\u1eady r\u1eadm r\u1ea1p, n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f4ng trong xanh l\u1ea5p lo\u00e1ng, m\u1ed9t con m\u00e8o hoang lu\u1ed3n qua l\u00e0m kinh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng con v\u1ecbt tr\u1eddi g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang v\u1ed9i v\u1ed7 c\u00e1nh bay l\u00ean, ph\u00e1 tan kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed t\u0129nh n\u1eb7ng. C\u00e1c kho b\u00e1u t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y t\u0103ng theo s\u1ed1 l\u1ea7n khai qu\u1eadt l\u00e0m cho Schliemann r\u1ea5t vui m\u1eebng. Nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng khi\u1ebfn c\u1ea3 Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ch\u00fa \u00fd. H\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 ng\u00e0y n\u00e0o \u00f4ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng khai qu\u1eadt \u0111\u0103ng t\u1ea3i tr\u00ean c\u00e1c b\u00e1o. \u00d4ng v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng tin t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc r\u1eb1ng, nh\u1eefng thi th\u1ec3 \u00f4ng khai qu\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 di c\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c anh h\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 tham gia chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u \u1edf Th\u00e0nh Troie. L\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh Schliemann, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 ho\u00e0i nghi c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn th\u01b0\u01a1ng gia ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c \u1ea5y d\u00f9 t\u00e0i h\u00e8n h\u1ecdc th\u1ea5p nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i n\u1eafm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u1eadn m\u1ec7nh kh\u00f4ng b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng. V\u00ec sau khi ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh ki\u1ec3m tra nh\u1eefng b\u00e1u v\u1eadt t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong c\u00e1c h\u1ea7m m\u1ed9, h\u1ecd cho r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt n\u00e0y c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 r\u1ea5t chu\u1ea9n x\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng ch\u00fat nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Homere mi\u00eau t\u1ea3. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 l\u00e1 ch\u1eafn ph\u00f2ng th\u00e2n h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef b\u00e1t ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i c\u1ed1c, trong s\u1eed thi Homere vi\u1ebft: \\\"L\u00e3o m\u01b0u th\u1ea7n tham gia chi\u1ebfn tranh Th\u00e0nh Troie l\u00e0 Lanistuer r\u00f3t r\u01b0\u1ee3u Prammi v\u00e0o c\u1ed1c v\u00e0ng cho Maku v\u00e0 cho m\u00ecnh, chi\u1ebfc c\u1ed1c v\u00e0ng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 4 tay c\u1ea7m, m\u1ed7i tay c\u1ea7m \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 2 tr\u1ee5 ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ee1, m\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec9nh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i tay c\u1ea7m \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 2 con chim b\u1ed3 c\u00e2u. Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 m\u0169 l\u1ee3n l\u00f2i nhe nanh\\\". Hay \\\"Hlidlis c\u1ea7m c\u00e1i m\u0169 da \u0111\u1ed9i l\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u Edxins, b\u00ean trong chi\u1ebfc m\u0169 da c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng s\u1ee3i d\u00e2y da \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ec7n ngang d\u1ecdc r\u1ea5t ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn, b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u00f3t m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i m\u0169 m\u1ec1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng len n\u1ec9, 2 c\u1ea1nh m\u0169 ph\u00eda ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang tr\u00ed r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb9p, c\u00f3 2 h\u00e0ng r\u0103ng l\u1ee3n l\u00f2i s\u00e1ng tr\u1eafng b\u00f3ng nh\u01b0 tuy\u1ebft\\\". Schliemann \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong huy\u1ec7t m\u1ed9 60 c\u00e1i r\u0103ng l\u1ee3n l\u00f2i, to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 s\u1ed1 r\u0103ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u01b0a r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7n v\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khoan 2 l\u1ed7, nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh 2 c\u00e1i l\u1ed7 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1ed1i n\u00f3 v\u1edbi v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 d\u00f9ng c\u1eafm tr\u00ean m\u0169 l\u00e0m v\u0169 kh\u00ed ph\u00f2ng h\u1ed9 trong chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u. Schliemann lu\u00f4n t\u00e2m ni\u1ec7m, Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi m\u00e0 \u00f4ng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi trong m\u1eaft Homere - Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \\\"Illiade - Odyss\u00e9e\\\". Nh\u01b0ng th\u1eadt \u0111\u00e1ng ti\u1ebfc, ph\u00e1n \u0111o\u00e1n c\u1ee7a Schliemann l\u1ea1i b\u1ecb sai, \u00f4ng tin t\u01b0\u1edfng Homere v\u00e0 theo \u0111u\u1ed5i kh\u00f4ng m\u1ec7t m\u1ecfi, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn \u00f4ng t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea7n m\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a Agamemnon. Nh\u01b0ng tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n m\u1ed9 \u1ea5y ph\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3 500 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n \u1edf v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng gi\u1eefa n\u0103m 1.600-1.500 tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean. Sau n\u00e0y, khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ec1 n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a Myc\u00e8nes, h\u1ecd cho r\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ed9 m\u00e0 Schliemann ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u00e1ng c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac, m\u00e0 n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec5n ra trong kho\u1ea3ng h\u01a1n 1.000 n\u0103m. H\u1ecd kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a V\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f4ng Ho\u00e0ng t\u1ed9c, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean v\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i. Agamemnon r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1ng \u1edf ph\u1ea7n m\u1ed9 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec9nh h\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ong trong khe n\u00fai.","H\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0a ra ph\u00e1n \u0111o\u00e1n Agamemnon ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00ean ngh\u1ec9 trong m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n m\u1ed9 cao sang, do v\u1eady \\\"Kho b\u00e1u Aterosi\\\" \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 l\u00fac \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 m\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a Agamemnon.N\u0103m 1921, d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Vies\u01b0, trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh khai qu\u1eadt Th\u00e0nh Myc\u00e8nes c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n th\u1ea5y ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ecba c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng ti\u1ec1n s\u1eed (h\u1ea7m m\u1ed9 do Schliemann ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn trong ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ecba c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y) m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ra \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u00eda ngo\u00e0i b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng Ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 v\u00e0 ph\u00eda T\u00e2y C\u1eeda S\u01b0 t\u1eed. Trong kho\u1ea3ng t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1.600- 1.500 tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean, V\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1eed v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ch\u00faa c\u1ee7a v\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec1u t\u00e1ng \u1edf m\u1ed9 ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ecba c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng, ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3 hi\u1ec7n nay l\u1ea1i \u1edf trong t\u01b0\u1eddng. S\u1ed1 V\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 Ho\u00e0ng t\u1ed9c n\u00e0y h\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 l\u1ea1i thu\u1ed9c c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i. Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 h\u01b0ng th\u1ecbnh nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Th\u00e0nh Myc\u00e8nes thi c\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Kh\u1ed5ng L\u1ed3 M\u1ed9t M\u1eaft c\u1ee7a Andao v\u00e0 C\u1eeda s\u01b0 t\u1eed. C\u0169ng trong th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0y, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng phi\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e1 \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1eady m\u1ed9 c\u00e1c V\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u00e1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, l\u1eadp bia m\u1ed9 \u0111\u1eb7t b\u00ean tr\u1ecdng v\u00f2ng tr\u00f2n v\u00e0 thi c\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00e0i t\u1ebf tr\u00f2n gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 h\u00ecnh d\u00e1ng c\u00e1i gi\u1ebfng n\u01b0\u1edbc, m\u00e1u t\u01b0\u01a1i c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng con v\u1eadt t\u1ebf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i qua, tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0o ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea5t t\u00e1ng c\u00e1c v\u1ecb anh h\u00f9ng. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u1eebng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 v\u00ec c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat kh\u00f3 m\u00e0 ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh khi nh\u1eefng lu\u1eadn c\u1ee9 nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00fang m\u00e0 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 sai v\u1eabn \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 ph\u00e1n \u0111o\u00e1n c\u1ee7a Schliemann. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 l\u00e1 ch\u1eafn h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef \\\"b\u00e1t\\\", m\u0169 l\u1ee3n l\u00f2i nhe nanh, hay nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc c\u1ed1c v\u00e0ng t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y khi\u1ebfn cho lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 v\u1eady, trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Myc\u00e8nes v\u1eabn c\u00f2n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 Homere \u0111\u00e3 mi\u00eau t\u1ea3. V\u00ec v\u1eady, g\u1ea7n 100 n\u0103m nay c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 Ajilansi v\u00e0 Hekthuer v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c tranh c\u00e3i v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kho b\u00e1u tr\u00ean l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a ai, \u0111\u00e1p \u00e1n n\u00e0o l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c? H.T (Theo N\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh c\u1ed5 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi) B\u00ed \u1ea9n v\u1ec1 l\u1ed7 khoan \u1edf Ai C\u1eadp c\u1ed5 Abusin n\u1eb1m c\u00e1ch qu\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 Kim T\u1ef1 Th\u00e1p Giza Ai C\u1eadp 50km. Ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0y tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng c\u00f3 3 Kim T\u1ef1 Th\u00e1p, ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0o th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 V\u01b0\u01a1ng tri\u1ec1u th\u1ee9 5 trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Ai C\u1eadp, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 sau th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i Pharaon Khufu v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng 4100 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc. \u1ede Abusin, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng v\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1 nham th\u1ea1ch c\u1ee9ng h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e1 hoa c\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 khoan nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7 r\u1ea5t tr\u00f2n tr\u1ecba. Ngay t\u1eeb r\u1ea5t s\u1edbm, th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u00f2 \u0111\u00e1 m\u1edbi, lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft d\u00f9ng ch\u00e0y \u0111\u00e1 t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7 tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e1 hoa c\u01b0\u01a1ng. Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u0169ng t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7 tr\u00ean x\u01b0\u01a1ng ho\u1eb7c v\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1 nham th\u1ea1ch. Nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7 khoan \u1edf Abusin kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7 khoan b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 l\u1ed7 khoan bao t\u00e2m. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt khoan kh\u00f3, khi khoan xong ch\u00ednh gi\u1eefa h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng r\u00e3nh \u1edf t\u00e2m kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e1 h\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n xo\u1eafn. L\u00fac ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh khoan, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00f9y ti\u1ec7n th\u00edch c\u1ea7m m\u0169i khoan th\u1ebf n\u00e0o th\u00ec c\u1ea7m m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khoan v\u00e0o t\u00e2m kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e1. Kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e1 c\u1ea7n khoan v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ph\u1ea3i \u1edf m\u1ed9t t\u01b0 th\u1ebf nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. \u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng khoan th\u1eb3ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee3 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p. N\u1ebfu","ch\u1ec9 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt khoan th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng r\u00e3nh khoan th\u1eb3ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1u. Nh\u00ecn l\u1ed7 khoan, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chi\u1ec1u \u0111i c\u1ee7a m\u0169i khoan, nh\u01b0ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng m\u0169i khoan kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ec3 khoan. V\u00e0 l\u1ed7 khoan c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ee5c m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c l\u1ed7, sau \u0111\u00f3 d\u00f9ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p m\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 gia c\u00f4ng. Tr\u00ean l\u1ed7 khoan v\u1eabn \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i v\u1ebft t\u00edch xo\u00e1y tr\u00f2n, v\u1ebft \u0111\u1ee9t c\u1ee7a m\u0169i khoan. Ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n n\u00e0y c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a g\u00ec? C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0a ra \u00fd ki\u1ebfn ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i, h\u1ecd cho r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7 khoan bao t\u00e2m l\u00e0 do ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1ea1o ra. N\u1ebfu v\u1eady th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n khoan m\u1ed9t l\u1ed7 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7, v\u00ec sao t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c kh\u00f3i \u0111\u00e1 \u1edf Abusin \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 l\u1ed7 khoan? Ngo\u00e0i ra, \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e1 n\u00e0y hi\u1ec7n nay b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd hoc n\u00e0o bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, ngay t\u1eeb r\u1ea5t s\u1edbm, c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y 1000 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, ng\u00e0i Fde Lins Pater \u0111\u00e3 mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7 khoan bao t\u00e2m v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng b\u00ed \u1ea9n c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 V\u01b0\u01a1ng tri\u1ec1u th\u1ee9 5 n\u00e0y. Do v\u1eady, \u00fd ki\u1ebfn cho r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7 khoan n\u00e0y do ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1ea1o ra l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eafc. Trang b\u1ecb c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 c\u1ed5 Ai C\u1eadp, cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay ch\u00fang ta v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a bi\u1ebft ch\u00fat g\u00ec. K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt gia c\u00f4ng l\u1ed7 khoan bao t\u00e2m n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ph\u00e1t minh ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean. Ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfn d\u1ea7n c\u00f3 th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1. \u0110\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh khoan l\u1ed7, vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t minh ra m\u00e1y khoan v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 th\u00edch h\u1ee3p kh\u00e1c. nh\u01b0 m\u0169i khoan kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng. V\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng m\u0169i khoan kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 m\u00e1y khoan, ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee3 c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u th\u00edch h\u1ee3p. H.T s\u01b0u t\u1ea7m B\u00ed \u1ea9n v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a xa thuy\u1ec1n Trong cu\u1ed1n \\\"Trung H\u01b0ng ti\u1ec3u k\u00fd\\\" c\u00f3 ghi ch\u00e9p: \\\"Ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u1ed9t bu\u1ed3m l\u1edbn, d\u00e0i h\u01a1n 60 tr\u01b0\u1ee3ng, ph\u00eda tr\u00ean c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eaft \u0111\u00e1 l\u1edbn, g\u1eb7p thuy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a quan qu\u00e2n th\u00ec h\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1, \u0111\u1eadp g\u1eady tre l\u00e0m v\u1ee1 thuy\u1ec1n. Qu\u00e2n c\u1ee7a n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n g\u1ecdi n\u00f3 l\u00e0 xa thuy\u1ec1n\\\". V\u1eady \\\"xa thuy\u1ec1n\\\" do ai ph\u00e1t minh ra? Hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u00f3 2 gi\u1ea3 thi\u1ebft: - Gi\u1ea3 thi\u1ebft th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t: Do S\u01a1n Nam \u0110\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ea1o, Ti\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1ee9 L\u00fd Cao ph\u00e1t minh ra. Theo C\u1ef1u \u0110\u1ed3ng Th\u01b0 L\u00fd Cao truy\u1ec7n c\u00f3 vi\u1ebft: \\\"L\u00fd Cao \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng suy ngh\u0129 l\u00e0m chi\u1ebfn thuy\u1ec1n c\u00f3 hai b\u00e1nh xa, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i m\u00e2y v\u1ec1 gi\u00f3... g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Nh\u1ecb Lu\u00e2n chi\u1ebfn thuy\u1ec1n\\\" \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 xa thuy\u1ec1n, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng cho r\u1eb1ng xa thuy\u1ec1n l\u00e0 do L\u00fd Cao ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o ra. Tri\u1ec1u Nam T\u1ed1ng ni\u00ean hi\u1ec7u Thi\u1ec7u H\u01b0ng th\u1ee9 3, trong cu\u1ed1n T\u1ea5n Tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a L\u00fd C\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 \u0111o\u1ea1n vi\u1ebft: \\\"L\u00fd Cao \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ea5y chi\u1ebfn thuy\u1ec1n tr\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00f3 3 t\u1ea7ng, c\u00f3 b\u00e1nh xe l\u01b0\u1edbt s\u00f3ng ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn xem \u0111\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 ki\u1ebfn\\\". \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi s\u1eed s\u00e1ch c\u00f2n ghi: \\\"L\u00fd Cao t\u1eebng s\u1ed1ng \u1edf Giang Nam v\u00e0 trong th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0y \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o ra xa thuy\u1ec1n\\\". Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, L\u00fd Cao \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o ra xa thuy\u1ec1n ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng. - Gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft th\u1ee9 hai: Do Nam T\u1ed1ng \u0110\u00f4 Th\u1ee7y Gi\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4 khoa Cao Ngh\u1ecb ph\u00e1t minh ra xa thuy\u1ec1n. Trong cu\u1ed1n \\\"S\u1ef1 T\u00edch D\u01b0\u01a1ng Ma\\\" vi\u1ebft: \\\"Tr\u00ecnh S\u1ee9 b\u1ed9 g\u1eb7p m\u1ed9t to\u00e1n qu\u00e2n nh\u00e2n... \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 Cao Ngh\u1ecb - Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2ng h\u00ecnh v\u1ebd xa thuy\u1ec1n... l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t xa thuy\u1ec1n","l\u1edbn...\\\" C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng: Cao Ngh\u1ecb l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2ng h\u00ecnh v\u1ebd v\u00e0 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o ra xa thuy\u1ec1n, xa thuy\u1ec1n m\u00e0 qu\u00e2n n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n d\u00f9ng l\u00e0 do c\u01b0\u1edbp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb tay c\u1ee7a quan qu\u00e2n tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh. Trong cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y c\u00f3 vi\u1ebft: \\\"B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o, h\u1ecd l\u00e0m cho n\u01b0\u1edbc S\u00f4ng Ch\u1ec9 Giang r\u00fat d\u1ea7n, c\u1eeda S\u00f4ng Ch\u1ec9 Giang r\u1ea5t n\u00f4ng, xa thuy\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, b\u1ecdn c\u01b0\u1edbp li\u1ec1n x\u00f4ng v\u00e0o c\u1eeda \u0110\u00e0m Th\u1ed1ng Ch\u1ebf d\u00f9ng l\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed1t, nh\u01b0ng xa thuy\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng ch\u00e1y r\u01a1i v\u00e0o tay b\u1ecdn c\u01b0\u1edbp\\\". V\u1eady ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t minh ra xa thuy\u1ec1n l\u00e0 ai? \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1eed h\u1ecdc c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i d\u00e0y c\u00f4ng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, thu th\u1eadp th\u00eam t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. H.T s\u01b0u t\u1ea7m B\u00ed \u1ea9n v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c r\u1eebng r\u1eadm Sahara Sa m\u1ea1c Sahara c\u1ee7a ch\u00e2u Phi l\u00e0 sa m\u1ea1c l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ea3m th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t m\u00e0u v\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1t. M\u1ea5y ch\u1ee5c n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta lu\u00f4n cho r\u1eb1ng, th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i xa x\u01b0a \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n c\u1ea3 m\u00eanh m\u00f4ng. Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t sau m\u1ea5y tri\u1ec7u n\u0103m ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a, bi\u1ec3n c\u1ea3 bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t, n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh v\u00f9ng sa m\u1ea1c ng\u00e0y nay. Nh\u01b0ng g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, Trung t\u00e2m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0110\u1ecba l\u00fd v\u00e0 Ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean h\u1ee3p qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u1ea5t khoan th\u0103m d\u00f2 t\u1ea7ng s\u00e2u c\u1ee7a sa m\u1ea1c Sahara. Qua ph\u00e2n t\u00edch t\u1ef7 m\u1ef7 c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn: Sahara trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i xa x\u01b0a l\u00e0 khu r\u1eebng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi, ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 bi\u1ec3n c\u1ea3. K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y c\u00f3 t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1, t\u1ea1o c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 thu h\u00fat ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ebfn Sahara kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t. M\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t ng\u01b0\u1eddi Italia, n\u0103m 1982 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t v\u00f9ng l\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3o Vakibiedug \u1edf gi\u1eefa sa m\u1ea1c Sahara. H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt nh\u01b0 h\u01b0\u01a1u cao c\u1ed5, voi, t\u00ea gi\u00e1c, h\u00e0 m\u00e3, c\u00e1 s\u1ea5u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ebd tr\u00ean t\u1ea5m v\u1ea3i th\u00f4 h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1y m\u1ed9t con s\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea1n t\u1eeb l\u00e2u. T\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc c\u00f2n ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c di ch\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u00e1 c\u0169, c\u00e1c b\u1ee9c h\u1ecda v\u1ec1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt c\u00f2n nguy\u00ean v\u1eb9n. Nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho th\u1ea5y: \u0110\u00e3 t\u1eebng c\u00f3 n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ed5 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i Sahara ho\u1eb7c \u00edt ra c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111\u00e3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eadn v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00e0y. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 \u0110\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u1ef7 m\u1ef7 c\u00e1c b\u1ee9c h\u1ecda. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean: Trong b\u1ee9c h\u1ecda do m\u00e1y t\u00ednh v\u1ebd l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 hai lo\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi: m\u1ed9t da tr\u1eafng, m\u1ed9t da \u0111en. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi da tr\u1eafng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u00ecu, b\u00faa, c\u00e1c con v\u1eadt h\u1ecd nu\u00f4i l\u00e0 d\u00ea, c\u1eebu. C\u00f2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi da \u0111en s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cung t\u00ean, c\u00e1c con v\u1eadt h\u1ecd nu\u00f4i \u0111a s\u1ed1 l\u00e0 s\u00fac v\u1eadt. \u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec khi\u1ebfn lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eeb b\u1ecf qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00ecnh? V\u00e0 c\u00e1 g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt xanh? Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng x\u1ea3y ra bi\u1ebft bao s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Sahara c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7.","V\u1eady \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u00ed \u1ea9n \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 g\u00ec? H.T (Theo N\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh c\u1ed5 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi) B\u00ed \u1ea9n v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi da \u0111en \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c2u Hang \u0111\u1ed9ng Girin \u1edf mi\u1ec1n T\u00e2y Italia l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t hang \u0111\u1ed9ng r\u1ea5t n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng di t\u00edch th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 sinh t\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i t\u1eeb xa x\u01b0a. K\u1ef3 di\u1ec7u h\u01a1n khi hang \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ecba t\u1ea7ng kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5, m\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ecba t\u1ea7ng kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 sinh t\u1ed3n kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i ti\u1ec1n s\u1eed xa x\u00f4i, nh\u1eefng hang \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i l\u1ea5y l\u00e0m n\u01a1i c\u01b0 tr\u00fa sinh s\u1ed1ng. Hi\u1ec7n nay, nh\u1eefng di v\u1eadt s\u1edbm nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khai qu\u1eadt \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u00e1 c\u0169 c\u00f3 ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i kho\u1ea3ng 35.000 tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean. H\u1ed9p s\u1ecd khai qu\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n thu\u1ed9c ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c Kruma, \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00e2u \u00c2u. Trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 h\u00e0i c\u1ed1t khai qu\u1eadt, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khi ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra hai b\u1ed9 h\u00e0i c\u1ed1t ng\u01b0\u1eddi da \u0111en ti\u1ec1n s\u1eed h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch. Hai b\u1ed9 h\u00e0i c\u1ed1t h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch n\u00e0y g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t b\u00e0 l\u00e3o v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u00e9 g\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ee3p t\u00e1ng, tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f3 t\u1ea5m b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7. C\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u00ecnh d\u00e1ng h\u1ed9p s\u1ecd, k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u m\u00e0u x\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111\u1ed9 r\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a tr\u00e1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed5 d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1nh tay, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc ph\u00e1n \u0111o\u00e1n hai b\u1ed9 h\u00e0i c\u1ed1t n\u00e0y thu\u1ed9c ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c Nigro. N\u00f3i ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c h\u01a1n, h\u1ecd l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi da \u0111en \u1edf ch\u00e2u Phi. Ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n n\u00e0y khi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng kinh ng\u1ea1c. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nigro th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng \u1edf ph\u00eda Nam sa m\u1ea1c Sahara thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba l\u1ee5c ch\u00e2u Phi ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng sinh s\u1ed1ng \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c2u. Theo s\u1eed s\u00e1ch, \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1441, Antonio - m\u1ed9t s\u1ef9 quan h\u1ea3i qu\u00e2n B\u1ed3 \u0110\u00e0o Nha m\u1edbi b\u1eaft b\u1eaft m\u1ed9t c\u1eb7p nam n\u1eef da \u0111en b\u00ean b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n Nam Phi - ch\u00e2u Phi mang v\u1ec1 B\u1ed3 \u0110\u00e0o Nha. Sau \u0111\u00f3, Antonio c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9i thuy\u1ec1n kh\u00e1c l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00e2u Phi b\u1eaft 10 ng\u01b0\u1eddi da \u0111en n\u1eefa mang v\u1ec1 B\u1ed3 \u0110\u00e0o Nha b\u00e1n l\u00e0m n\u00f4 l\u1ec7. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ghi ch\u00e9p m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi da \u0111en b\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00e2u \u00c2u. Tuy nhi\u00ean, hai b\u1ed9 h\u00e0i c\u1ed1t n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u00e1 c\u0169, kho\u1ea3ng 40.000 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc. N\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 ch\u00e2u \u00c2u th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi da \u0111en sinh s\u1ed1ng th\u00ec h\u1ecd t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u1ebfn? V\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00e2u \u00c2u b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o? C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ee7a ch\u00e2u \u00c2u th\u1eddi ti\u1ec1n s\u1eed. Nh\u01b0ng t\u1ea1i sao sau n\u00e0y ng\u01b0\u1eddi da \u0111en l\u1ea1i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n m\u1ea5t d\u1ea5u t\u00edch \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c2u? H.T s\u01b0u t\u1ea7m B\u00ed \u1ea9n v\u1ec1 Sacsayhuaman v\u00e0 Tiahuanaco th\u1ea7n b\u00ed \u1ede ch\u00e2u Nam M\u1ef9 c\u00f3 2 n\u01a1i th\u1ea7n b\u00ed: Sacsayhuaman v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh Tiahuanaco h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3o c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. \u1ede Tiahuanaco th\u1ea7n b\u00ed, trong v\u0169ng b\u00f9n \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4 c\u1ea1n c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i l\u1ecbch thi\u00ean v\u0103n \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c, ch\u1ee9ng minh r\u1eb1ng: Sinh v\u1eadt l\u00e0m ra v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng lo\u1ea1i l\u1ecbch thi\u00ean v\u0103n n\u00e0y c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n v\u0103n m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a cao h\u01a1n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00fang ta ng\u00e0y nay. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 c\u00f2n c\u00f3","m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1 n\u1eefa l\u00e0 T\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ea7n. T\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1c b\u1edfi nguy\u00ean m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i nham th\u1ea1ch m\u00e0u h\u1ed3ng, d\u00e0i 8,5m n\u1eb7ng h\u01a1n 30 t\u1ea5n, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong C\u1ed5 th\u1ea7n mi\u1ebfu. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng tinh x\u1ea3o tr\u00ean \u00e1o c\u1ee7a t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ea7n r\u1ea5t nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t. Ch\u00ednh t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y c\u1ee7a k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u00e0y m\u00e0 c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 C\u1ed5 th\u1ea7n mi\u1ebfu. Belami v\u00e0 Aron trong cu\u1ed1n \\\"T\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a Tiahuanaco\\\" \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p l\u00fd \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f3. H\u1ecd cho r\u1eb1ng, nh\u1eefng k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u n\u00e0y ghi l\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c thi\u00ean v\u0103n h\u1ecdc, h\u01a1n n\u1eefa nh\u1eefng tri th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t h\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n l\u00e0m c\u01a1 s\u1edf. Nh\u1eefng quan \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Horbeca trong cu\u1ed1n \\\"H\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec7 tinh\\\". Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a Horbeca xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n n\u0103m 1930 s\u1edbm h\u01a1n 5 n\u0103m so v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ea7n. \\\"H\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec7 tinh\\\" ch\u1ec9 ra, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u1ec7 tinh \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng b\u1ecb Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t h\u00fat. Khi v\u1ec7 tinh b\u1ecb k\u00e9o v\u1ec1 ph\u00e1i Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t th\u00ec t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 quay c\u1ee7a Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t tr\u1edf n\u00ean r\u1ea5t ch\u1eadm, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng th\u00ec v\u1ec7 tinh b\u1ecb v\u1ee1 ra l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec1u m\u1ea3nh v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n sinh ra M\u1eb7t tr\u0103ng. Nh\u1eefng k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u tr\u00ean t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ea7n c\u0169ng ghi l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c l\u00fd lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng thi\u00ean v\u0103n n\u00e0y. H\u1ed3i \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed9t n\u0103m Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00f3 290 ng\u00e0y, m\u1ed7i n\u0103m v\u1ec7 tinh quay quanh Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t 427 v\u00f2ng. Do v\u1eady, t\u00ednh ra l\u1ecbch thi\u00ean v\u0103n tr\u00ean t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e3 ghi l\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng thi\u00ean v\u0103n t\u1eeb 27.000 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Belami v\u00e0 Aron \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft trong s\u00e1ch: \\\"N\u00f3i t\u00f3m l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i v\u0103n tr\u00ean t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ea7n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ghi ch\u00e9p \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i cho h\u1eadu th\u1ebf\\\". N\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt r\u1ea5t c\u1ed5. N\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng \\\"\u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ea7n c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i\\\" th\u00ec ch\u01b0a chu\u1ea9n n\u00ean c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c h\u01a1n n\u1eefa. N\u1ebfu c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u1ee7a Belami v\u00e0 Aron \u0111\u1ee7 ch\u1ee9ng th\u1ef1c th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi: Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ngay c\u1ea3 vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y nh\u00e0 c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u00edch l\u0169y nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c thi\u00ean v\u0103n \u1ea5y \u01b0? Nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c \u1ea5y h\u1ecd h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u00e0i h\u00e0nh tinh? B\u1ea5t lu\u1eadn th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 l\u1ecbch thi\u00ean v\u0103n \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n t\u00ednh ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t tri th\u1ee9c l\u00e0m cho ch\u00fang ta v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng kinh ng\u1ea1c.Th\u00e0nh Tiahuanaco n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean cao nguy\u00ean cao 5000m so v\u1edbi m\u1ef1c n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n c\u00f2n ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ea7y nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u th\u1ea7n b\u00ed. Xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb Cuzco c\u1ee7a Vicero, \u0111i m\u1ea5y ng\u00e0y t\u00e0u bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 t\u00e0u h\u1ecfa ch\u00fang ta m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m khai qu\u1eadt th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1. C\u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao nguy\u00ean n\u00e0y tr\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh tinh kh\u00e1c: V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 d\u00e2n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba th\u00ec kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1edfi \u00e1p su\u1ea5t \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y r\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p, ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng kho\u1ea3ng 1\/3 so v\u1edbi m\u1eb7t bi\u1ec3n; h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u01b0\u1ee1ng kh\u00ed trong kh\u00f4ng trung v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng \u00edt, ch\u1ec9 chi\u1ebfm 1\/3 m\u1ee9c b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng. Nh\u01b0ng tr\u00ean cao nguy\u00ean n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1. B\u00e2y gi\u1edd ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1ng ph\u1ebf t\u00edch hoang t\u00e0n, kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ea7y nh\u1eefng d\u1ea5u \u1ea5n b\u00ed m\u1eadt c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a th\u1ea7n b\u00ed kh\u00f4n l\u01b0\u1eddng. B\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a Th\u00e0nh Tiahuanaco \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng t\u1ea3ng nham th\u1ea1ch n\u1eb7ng 150 t\u1ea5n, x\u1ebfp l\u00ean nh\u1eefng t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e1 n\u1eb7ng 70 t\u1ea5n. M\u1eb7t ngo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e0i s\u00e1ng b\u00f3ng, \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c","g\u00f3c gh\u00e9p v\u1edbi nhau c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i, \u0111\u1ec1u d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9ng b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec3 li\u00ean k\u1ebft, th\u1ebf m\u00e0 ch\u00fang g\u1eafn v\u1edbi nhau r\u1ea5t ch\u1eb7t. \u1ede m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e1 n\u1eb7ng kho\u1ea3ng 10 t\u1ea5n, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u1ed7 s\u00e2u t\u1edbi 3m, nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i l\u1ed7 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m g\u00ec cho t\u1edbi nay v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a ai gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. T\u1eeb m\u1ed9t t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e1 b\u1ea3y l\u00ean, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y \u1edf d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng phi\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e1 m\u00e0i l\u1edbn d\u00e0i t\u1edbi 5m, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng v\u00f2i n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e1 d\u00e0i 2m to 1m gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ed3 ch\u01a1i r\u01a1i l\u1ea3 t\u1ea3 tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eefng di v\u1eadt n\u00e0y do m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecda n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean, nh\u1eefng \u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ebf t\u00e1c r\u1ea5t tinh x\u1ea3o so v\u1edbi \u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc xi m\u0103ng c\u1ef1c chu\u1ea9n ng\u00e0y nay c\u0169ng c\u00f2n thua k\u00e9m nhi\u1ec1u. T\u1ed5 ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Th\u00e0nh Tiahuanaco kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn, t\u1ea1i sao h\u1ecd l\u1ea1i l\u00e0m ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng \u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng tinh x\u1ea3o nh\u01b0 v\u1eady? \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 cho t\u1edbi nay ch\u01b0a ai gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Trong c\u00e1i s\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1ng l\u1ed9n x\u1ed9n v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1ea1c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e1. Nh\u01b0ng khi xem k\u1ef9 l\u1ea1i m\u1edbi th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec1u gi\u1ed1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c nhau: ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00f4i m\u1ecfng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00f4i d\u00e0y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u0169i d\u00e0i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u0169i t\u1eb9t, ng\u01b0\u1eddi tai to d\u00e0y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi tai nh\u1ecf m\u1ecfng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ed9 r\u00f5 g\u00f3c c\u1ea1nh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00f4n h\u00f2a nh\u00e3 nh\u1eb7n v\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ed9i nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i m\u0169 k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1. T\u1ea1i sao c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u gi\u1ed1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf? \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f2n c\u00f3 C\u1ed5ng M\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e1 nguy\u00ean kh\u1ed1i l\u1edbn, n\u1eb7ng t\u1edbi kho\u1ea3ng 10 t\u1ea5n. Hai b\u00ean C\u1ed5ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed3 \u00e1n h\u00ecnh vu\u00f4ng, qu\u00e2y l\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1ee3ng phi th\u1ea7n (Th\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft bay). Truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Th\u00e0nh Tiahuanaco k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i r\u1eb1ng, ng\u00e0y x\u01b0a c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t phi thuy\u1ec1n t\u1eeb tr\u00ean tr\u1eddi bay xu\u1ed1ng. T\u1eeb phi thuy\u1ec1n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef t\u00ean l\u00e0 Malianna b\u01b0\u1edbc ra v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \\\"Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i\\\" c\u1ee7a Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t. Malianna ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 4 ng\u00f3n tay, gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ng\u00f3n tay \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 m\u00e0ng. B\u00e0 m\u1eb9 v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i Malianna sinh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 70 ng\u01b0\u1eddi con cho Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t, sau \u0111\u00f3 bay v\u1ec1 tr\u1eddi. \u1ede Tiahuanaco c\u0169ng c\u00f3 b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e1 v\u1ebd m\u1ed9t sinh v\u1eadt c\u00f3 4 ng\u00f3n, tuy nhi\u00ean ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a b\u1ee9c tranh n\u00e0y ch\u01b0a th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ngo\u00e0i Th\u00e0nh Tiahuanaco ra, di t\u00edch \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta n\u00f3i t\u1edbi l\u00e0 Ph\u00e1o \u0111\u00e0i Sacsayhuaman, c\u00e1ch th\u00e0nh Inca n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea7y 900m. Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u1ed5i v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u1ea5y c\u00e1c c\u01b0 d\u00e2n \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt g\u00ec m\u00e0 t\u1eeb b\u00e3i \u0111\u00e1 h\u1ecd ch\u1ecdn ra nh\u1eefng t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e1 l\u1edbn n\u1eb7ng t\u1edbi h\u01a1n 150 t\u1ea5n, sau \u0111\u00f3 v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i r\u1ea5t xa \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh gia c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ebdo Ph\u00e1o \u0111\u00e0i ph\u00f2ng ng\u1ef1 Sacsayhuaman. Khi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ebdo \u0111\u1ee7 4 t\u1ea7ng, h\u1ecd chuy\u1ec3n ph\u00e1o \u0111\u00e0i v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eb7t trong m\u1ed9t n\u00fai l\u1eeda. T\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e1 kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u00eau kh\u1eafc tinh x\u1ea3o v\u00e0 t\u1ec9 m\u1ec9, c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh thang v\u00e0 s\u01b0\u1eddn d\u1ed1c, c\u00f3 h\u1ed1c m\u1eaft v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng hoa v\u0103n h\u00ecnh xo\u1eafn \u1ed1c trang tr\u00ed, l\u00e0m n\u00ean m\u1ed9t t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e1 l\u1edbn v\u00f4 ti\u1ec1n kho\u00e1ng h\u1eadu nh\u01b0 v\u1eady ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00e1i th\u00fa nh\u00e0n t\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Inca c\u1ed5 \u01b0? Nh\u01b0ng th\u1eadt kh\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u1ed5i ng\u01b0\u1eddi Inca c\u1ed5 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng b\u00e0n tay c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o ch\u00ednh s\u1ee9c l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 khai th\u00e1c r\u1ed3i v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ebdo nh\u1eefng t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e1 kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1o \u0111\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb9p k\u1ef9 v\u0129. Ch\u1eafc h\u1eb3n, \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh gh\u00ea g\u1edbm.","Nh\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Inca c\u1ed5 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch g\u00ec v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? Ngo\u00e0i ra, \u1edf m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i c\u00e1ch t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e1 kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 tr\u00ean 800m c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 c\u00f2n ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t t\u1ea3ng nham th\u1ea1ch d\u1ea1ng pha l\u00ea, lo\u1ea1i nham th\u1ea1ch n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e1 nung v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ef1c cao. N\u01a1i c\u1ecf d\u1ea1i um t\u00f9m c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh Tiahuanaco c\u00f2n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u1ecdn n\u00fai nh\u1ecf, nh\u1eefng ng\u1ecdn n\u00fai n\u00e0y \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c l\u00e0 do con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1o n\u00ean. \u0110\u1ec9nh n\u00fai b\u1eb1ng ph\u1eb3ng, di\u1ec7n t\u00edch r\u1ed9ng 5000m2. Kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng ng\u1ecdn n\u00fai \u1ea5y c\u00f3 t\u00e0ng tr\u1eef v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac g\u00ec kh\u00f4ng? Cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay, v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 ai t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u k\u1ef3 di\u1ec7u n\u00e0y. H.T (theo N\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh c\u1ed5 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi) B\u00ed \u1ea9n v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 h\u1ee7y duy\u1ec7t th\u00e0nh c\u1ed5 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u khai qu\u1eadt t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1922 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf, tr\u00ean l\u01b0u v\u1ef1c s\u00f4ng \u1ea4n t\u1eeb 5.000 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, t\u1eebng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f4ng vui ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ea1t b\u1ed7ng trong m\u1ed9t qu\u00e3ng th\u1eddi gian r\u1ea5t ng\u1eafn b\u1ecb s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5. Di ch\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 M\u00f4han J\u00f4\u0111ar\u00f4\\\". theo \u00e2m ti\u1ebfng \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9c c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \\\"hang ch\u1ebft ch\u00f3c\\\". R\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 ng\u00e0y nay \u0111\u00eau cho r\u1eb1ng, g\u1ecdi n\u00f3 l\u00e0 \\\"G\u00f2 ch\u1ebft h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n\\\" th\u00ec \u0111\u00fang h\u01a1n. Cu\u1ed9c khai qu\u1eadt k\u00e9o d\u00e0i nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn cho ph\u1ebf t\u00edch th\u00e0nh c\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a v\u0103n minh th\u1eddi ti\u1ec1n s\u1eed b\u1ecb ch\u00f4n v\u00f9i d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u1ea7ng \u0111\u1ea5t d\u00e0y nay l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5y m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi. T\u1ea1i n\u01a1i n\u00e0y c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ee5 n\u1ed5 m\u1ea1nh. Trung t\u00e2m v\u1ee5 n\u1ed5 v\u1edbi b\u00e1n k\u00ednh 1km, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh tro b\u1ee5i. Xa trung t\u00e2m m\u1ed9t \u00edt, ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n th\u1ea5y r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ed9 x\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi. T\u1eeb nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 x\u01b0\u01a1ng, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn ra tai n\u1ea1n ch\u1ebft ch\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed5 xu\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd v\u00e0 mau ch\u00f3ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c g\u00ec v\u1ec1 tai n\u1ea1n \u0111\u00f3. Trong nh\u1eefng x\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00f3, r\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1u h\u00e0m ch\u1ee9a nh\u1eefng ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 so v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 ch\u1ee9a trong nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eed n\u1ea1n \u1edf Hir\u00f4sima v\u00e0 Nagaxaki b\u1ecb t\u1eadp k\u00edch b\u1eb1ng v\u0169 kh\u00ed h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n. Kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng th\u1ebf, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00f2n r\u1ea5t nh\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean khi ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed5 n\u00e1t sau khi th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 b\u1ecb thi\u00eau h\u1ee7y xem ra r\u1ea5t gi\u1ed1ng quang c\u1ea3nh th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 sau v\u1ee5 n\u1ed5 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed \u1edf Hir\u00f4sima v\u00e0 Nagasaki. M\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00f2n gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft c\u1ee7a s\u00f3ng b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n. Li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1eed thi \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 c\u1ed5 \\\"Mahabharata\\\" \u0111\u00e3 mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 th\u1eddi ti\u1ec1n s\u1eed 5.000 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1eadu th\u1ebf c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o c\u1ea3nh ng\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a th\u1ea3m h\u1ecda \\\"G\u00f2 ch\u1ebft h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n\\\": \\\"B\u1ea7u tr\u1eddi vang l\u00ean ti\u1ebfng n\u1ed5 \u1ea7m \u1ea7m, ti\u1ebfp theo l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tia ch\u1edbp, b\u1ea7u tr\u1eddi ph\u00eda Nam cu\u1ed9n l\u00ean m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9t l\u1eeda b\u1ed1c l\u00ean t\u1eadn tr\u1eddi cao. \u00c1nh l\u1eeda ch\u00f3i h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi c\u1eaft b\u1ea7u tr\u1eddi l\u00e0m hai n\u1eeda... Nh\u00e0 c\u1eeda, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed1 v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi sinh v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb thi\u00eau h\u1ee7y b\u1edfi l\u1eeda tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t v\u00e0 nhanh ch\u00f3ng...\\\" \\\"Ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda \u0111\u00e1ng s\u1ee3 l\u00e0m cho \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt ng\u00e3 nh\u00e0o, n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f4ng s\u00f4i l\u00ean, c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i c\u00e1 \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1ebft b\u1ecfng h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4 nh\u01b0 c\u00e0nh c\u00e2y, l\u00f4ng t\u00f3c v\u00e0 m\u00f3ng ch\u00e2n m\u00f3ng tay r\u01a1i r\u1ee5ng ra h\u1ebft, th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m \u0111\u1ed9c,...\\\"","\\\"\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t Tr\u00e1i bom, nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t tr\u00e1i bom c\u00f3 uy l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n v\u0169 tr\u1ee5. M\u1ed9t lu\u1ed3ng kh\u00f3 m\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecf nh\u01b0 l\u01b0\u1ee1i l\u1eeda, s\u00e1ng t\u1ef1a nh\u01b0 h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, t\u1eeb t\u1eeb cu\u1ed9n l\u00ean cao, \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng ch\u00f3i m\u1eaft...\\\" Robert Oppenheimer, \u00f4ng t\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a bom nguy\u00ean t\u1eed M\u1ef9 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng, theo s\u1ef1 mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed1n s\u1eed thi c\u1ed5 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u1ec1n s\u1eed b\u1ecb bom nguy\u00ean t\u1eed t\u1eadp k\u00edch. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t di ch\u1ec9 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 \\\"G\u00f2 ch\u1ebft h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n\\\" c\u1ee7a \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 t\u1ea1i v\u00f9ng thung l\u0169ng s\u00f4ng \u01a0phr\u00e1t trong bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi Ir\u1eafc v\u00f9ng T\u00e2y \u00c1. T\u1ea1i khu v\u1ef1c di ch\u1ec9 n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t khai qu\u1eadt t\u1eebng l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh ti\u1ec1n s\u1eed kho\u1ea3ng 8.000 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y. T\u1ea1i t\u1ea7ng s\u00e2u nh\u1ea5t, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 phal\u00ea n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y. L\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u1ee9 g\u00ec, m\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn khi th\u01b0 bom nguy\u00ean t\u1eed \u1edf bang N\u00eava\u0111a n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9, h\u1ecd th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt c\u00f2n s\u00f3t l\u1ea1i gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 phal\u00ea n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y, ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi th\u1ee9 \u0111\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1edf di ch\u1ec9 thung l\u0169ng s\u1ed1ng \u01a0phrat. Th\u1ee9 \\\"Phal\u00ea n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n\\\" \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u1edf th\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u01b0u s\u00f4ng H\u1eb1ng, \u1edf v\u00f9ng r\u1eebng r\u1eadm nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y \u0110\u01a1len, \u1edf sa m\u1ea1c Sahara, sa m\u1ea1c G\u00f4bi M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5... kh\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u. T\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i \u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec1u r\u1ea3i r\u00e1c c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ea5t b\u1ecb ch\u00e1y, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ed7 t\u1eebng t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e1 l\u1edbn b\u1ecb d\u00ednh li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi nhau, b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u1ed3i l\u00f5m g\u1ed3 gh\u1ec1, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ed7 t\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00e0nh nh\u01b0 b\u1ecb n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y, nh\u1eb5n b\u00f3ng nh\u01b0 phal\u00ea. C\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed3 d\u00f9ng trong nh\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e1 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u0169ng b\u1ecb phal\u00ea h\u00f3a. M\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y \u0111\u00e1 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn kho\u1ea3ng 2.000 \u0111\u1ed9 C. C\u00e1c n\u00fai l\u1eeda phun v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00e1m ch\u00e1y l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t trong t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00f3, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c v\u1ee5 n\u1ed5 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00f3. Ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 \\\"G\u00f2 ch\u1ebft h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n\\\" th\u1eddi ti\u1ec1n s\u1eed tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a g\u00ec? cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc v\u1eabn c\u00f2n tranh lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n l\u00e0 b\u00ed \u1ea9n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi. HT S\u01b0u t\u1ea7m B\u00ed \u1ea9n v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 m\u1ea5t t\u00edch c\u1ee7a V\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c Khazalle Khazalle l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t V\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c ph\u1ed3n th\u1ecbnh n\u1eb1m b\u00ean b\u1edd S\u00f4ng Iquille v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u ngu\u1ed3n S\u00f4ng Gorgan. Qu\u1ed1c v\u01b0\u01a1ng Joseph chi\u1ebfm l\u0129nh khu v\u1ef1c ch\u00e2u th\u1ed5, ch\u1eafn gi\u1eef c\u1eeda ng\u00f5 t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng v\u00e0o ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga. R\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ed9 t\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y sinh s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 c\u1ed1ng n\u1ea1p cho tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh Joseph. Trong ba th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 b\u00ean S\u00f4ng Iquille c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 l\u00e0 qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c v\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 ho\u00e0ng h\u1eadu Joseph; m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 l\u00e0 n\u01a1i c\u01b0 tr\u00fa c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo \u0111\u1ea1o Do Th\u00e1i, C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00e2y Ban Nha v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 th\u1ee9 ba do qu\u1ed1c v\u01b0\u01a1ng Joseph th\u1ed1ng l\u0129nh. Th\u00e0nh tr\u00ec \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh b\u1ea7u d\u1ee5c, l\u00e0 n\u01a1i \u1edf c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ea7n, n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 v\u00e0 th\u1ea7n d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c v\u01b0\u01a1ng. \u1ede v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c Khazalle, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng g\u1eb7p nh\u1eefng tr\u1eadn m\u01b0a l\u1edbn nh\u01b0ng g\u1eb7p m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u00f4ng h\u1ed3 ngang d\u1ecdc, \u0111i \u0111\u00e2u c\u0169ng nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai m\u00e0u m\u1ee1 ph\u00ec nhi\u00eau, s\u1ea3n v\u1eadt phong ph\u00fa, nh\u1eefng c\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng bao la v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u01b0\u1eddn nho, v\u01b0\u1eddn hoa xanh ng\u00fat ng\u00e0n.","Cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay, nh\u1eefng d\u1eabn ch\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean l\u00e0 t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u l\u1ecbch s\u1eed duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n do ch\u00ednh ng\u01b0\u1eddi Khazalle t\u1ef1 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00ecnh. C\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 th\u01b0 c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c v\u01b0\u01a1ng Joseph vi\u1ebft cho m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ea7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea2 R\u1eadp t\u00ean l\u00e0 Hassan Sufourt. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u l\u1ecbch s\u1eed lu\u00f4n ho\u00e0i nghi v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh ch\u00e2n th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a b\u1ee9c th\u01b0 n\u00e0y. \u0110\u1ebfn th\u1ebf K\u1ef7 XX h\u1ecd m\u1edbi t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e1 th\u01b0 c\u1ee7a Hassan Sufourt g\u1eedi t\u1ea1i Cairo - Ai C\u1eadp. V\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ea7n n\u00e0y gi\u1eef ch\u1ee9c V\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f4ng t\u1ea1i T\u00e2y Ban Nha v\u00e0o Th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 X. Trong b\u1ee9c th\u01b0, Hassan \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb Ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf Bizantine c\u1ea5p cho \u00f4ng ta m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc thuy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn Khazalle. L\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 Bizantine \u0111ang giao chi\u1ebfn v\u1edbi Khazalle. C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf th\u00e0nh Koustantin - Th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 c\u1ee7a Bizantine \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft th\u01b0 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi Hassan r\u1eb1ng, t\u1eeb th\u00e0nh Koustantin \u0111\u1ebfn v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c Khazalle ph\u1ea3i m\u1ea5t kho\u1ea3ng 15 ng\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111i theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed9 ph\u1ea3i \u0111i qua nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia. L\u00e1 th\u01b0 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f2n th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o cho \u00f4ng ta bi\u1ebft t\u00ean c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c v\u01b0\u01a1ng Khazalle l\u00e0 Joseph. Nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u01b0 r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 Hassan \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft th\u01b0 cho Qu\u1ed1c v\u01b0\u01a1ng Joseph \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecfi v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c Khazalle. V\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c v\u01b0\u01a1ng Joseph \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c th\u01b0 ng\u1eafn g\u1eedi cho Hassan gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u v\u1ecb tr\u00ed v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c. \u0110\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1eed h\u1ecdc nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u1ec1 v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c Khazalle. Ngo\u00e0i ra, trong t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u v\u0103n hi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga, Bizantine, Armenia \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i r\u00f5 v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c Khazalle t\u1eebng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c h\u00f9ng m\u1ea1nh gi\u00e0u c\u00f3, th\u00e0nh tr\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00f2ng th\u1ee7 ki\u00ean c\u1ed1 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac l\u1edbn. \u0110\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y, kh\u00ed h\u1eadu \u00f4n h\u00f2a m\u00e1t m\u1ebb. L\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a Khazalle t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i h\u00f9ng m\u1ea1nh, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9i qu\u00e2n r\u1ea5t h\u00f9ng h\u1eadu t\u1eebng x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Armenia. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Gruzia n\u00f3i qu\u1ed1c v\u01b0\u01a1ng Joseph v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng l\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c C\u00f4ng ch\u00faa c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng qu\u1ed1c Gruzia l\u00e0m v\u1ee3 b\u00e8n d\u00f9ng s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y Th\u00e0nh Tbilisi. Bi\u00ean ni\u00ean s\u1eed c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea2 R\u1eadp n\u00f3i, c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c t\u1eeb s\u00f4ng Donau \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ea1n B\u1eafc s\u00f4ng Ural \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn c\u1ed1ng cho v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c Khazalle. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea2 R\u1eadp c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c Khazalle l\u00e0 n\u01a1i \u00e1n ng\u1eef con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n ch\u00ednh gi\u1eefa v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c Bizantine v\u1edbi Trung Qu\u1ed1c. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng giao chi\u1ebfn v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Khazalle, n\u0103m 965, hai b\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh kh\u1ed1c li\u1ec7t, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga \u0111\u00e3 chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 Iquille c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Khazalle. R\u1ed3i t\u1eeb v\u00f9ng ch\u00e2u th\u1ed5 s\u00f4ng Volga ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga men theo h\u1ed3 Caspian \u0111\u00e1nh th\u1eb3ng xu\u1ed1ng th\u00e0nh Siedlce c\u1ee7a v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c Khazalle. V\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c Khazalle l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1edbn, t\u1eebng x\u01b0ng b\u00e1 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, t\u1eebng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y h\u01a1n 1000 n\u0103m. Nh\u01b0ng cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay, g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 tham kh\u1ea3o n\u00ean c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a t\u00ecm ra n\u00f3 n\u1eb1m \u1edf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed n\u00e0o. Con s\u00f4ng Gorgan m\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c v\u01b0\u01a1ng Joseph \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp trong th\u01b0 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u? C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a s\u00f4ng Volga, hay m\u1ed9t con s\u00f4ng n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa? \\\"Khu v\u1ef1c ch\u00e2u th\u1ed5\\\" m\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c v\u01b0\u01a1ng Joseph vi\u1ebft trong th\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 n\u01a1i n\u00e0o? Trong th\u01b0 qu\u1ed1c v\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f2n n\u00f3i, th\u1ea7n d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \\\"nhi\u1ec1u nh\u01b0 c\u00e1t\\\". V\u1eady th\u1ea7n d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c v\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 bao nhi\u00eau ng\u01b0\u1eddi? Do kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u ghi ch\u00e9p v\u1ec1 v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c Khazalle n\u00ean c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm di ch\u1ec9. S\u1ef1 m\u1ea5t t\u00edch c\u1ee7a v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c Khazalle lu\u00f4n c\u00e1m \u1ea3nh c\u00e1c nh\u00e0","nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u s\u1eed ng\u00e0y nay. M\u1ed9t v\u00e0i h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n, v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c Khazalle \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb h\u1ed3 Caspian nu\u1ed1t ch\u1ee9ng. V\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 VII, v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c Khazalle c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng ph\u00ec nhi\u00eau m\u00e0u m\u1ee1. V\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c Khazalle kh\u1ed1ng ch\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ee7y tr\u00ean s\u00f4ng Volga v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a v\u00f9ng ch\u00e2u th\u1ed5 s\u00f4ng Volga. Nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng t\u1eeb h\u1ed3 Caspian b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u l\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n ra b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n. N\u0103m n\u00e0y qua n\u0103m kh\u00e1c, h\u1ed3 Caspian v\u00f4 t\u00ecnh nu\u1ed1t ch\u1eedng nh\u1eefng c\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng, nh\u1eefng v\u01b0\u1eddn c\u00e2y, th\u00f4n l\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Khazalle. \u0110\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XIX, c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh tr\u00ec c\u1ee7a v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c Khazalle cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u0169ng b\u1ecb h\u1ed3 Caspian nu\u1ed1t ch\u1eedng. R\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e3 cung c\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9 \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c Khazalle b\u1ecb nh\u1ea5n ch\u00ecm b\u1edfi h\u1ed3 Caspian. Tuy nhi\u00ean, l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch n\u00e0y v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a th\u1ec3 thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi. N\u1ebfu n\u00f3i v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c Khazalle b\u1ecb h\u1ed3 Caspian nh\u1ea5n ch\u00ecm theo n\u0103m th\u00e1ng th\u00ec nh\u1eefng c\u01b0 d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c n\u00e0y c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c. V\u1eady th\u00ec h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2u? H\u1eadu du\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd hi\u1ec7n s\u1ed1ng \u1edf n\u01a1i n\u00e0o? Ngo\u00e0i ra, Khazalle l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c gi\u00e0u c\u00f3, \u0111\u1ea5t r\u1ed9ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f4ng, n\u1ebfu b\u1ecb nh\u1ea5n ch\u00ecm th\u00ec tr\u00ean th\u1ec1m l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i di ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0 t\u00e0n d\u01b0 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed5 n\u00e1t. Tuy nhi\u00ean, hi\u1ec7n nay ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t v\u1ebft t\u00edch n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c n\u00e0y. Bi\u00ean ni\u00ean s\u1eed c\u1ee7a Bizantine cho bi\u1ebft, v\u00f9ng Sakiel c\u1ee7a Khazalle n\u1eb1m b\u00ean d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng Don, tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn Iquilla, \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng b\u1ecb \u0110\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng qu\u1ed1c Kifev Svuilatosarap ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y. Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc ng\u01b0\u1eddi Li\u00ean X\u00f4 (c\u0169) - Artamop \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm ra v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a Shakiel v\u00e0 khai qu\u1eadt. \u0110\u00e1ng ti\u1ebfc l\u00e0 Artamop \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 v\u0103n v\u1eadt n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Khazalle. Artamop bu\u1ed3n b\u00e3 n\u00f3i: \\\"Cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay ch\u00fang ta v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 bi\u1ebft g\u00ec v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Khazalle\\\". L\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u1ec1 v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c Khazalle \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb cu\u1ed1n m\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u00e1ng m\u00e2y khi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng t\u00e0i n\u00e0o ph\u00e1n \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. H.T (Theo N\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh c\u1ed5 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi) B\u00ed \u1ea9n s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd c\u1ee7a sinh v\u1eadt ti\u1ec1n s\u1eed Tr\u1eebng Giang V\u00e2n Nam v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t khu n\u00fai nh\u1ecf kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea5y n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng. H\u01a1n 2 t\u1ef7 n\u0103m v\u1ec1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00eanh m\u00f4ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng n\u0103m th\u00e1ng v\u1eafng l\u1eb7ng. Tr\u1eebng Giang - khu n\u00fai nh\u1ecf c\u00f3 di\u1ec7n m\u1ea1o kh\u00f4ng l\u1ea5y g\u00ec l\u00e0 n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt n\u00e0y, \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 c\u1ed5 sinh v\u1eadt h\u1ecdc coi l\u00e0 th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt. \u1ede C\u00f4n Minh, trong r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1eefng kho t\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ecdn tr\u1ebb, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y kh\u1ee7ng long \u1edf K\u1ef7 Jura, c\u00e1 \u1edf K\u1ef7 \u0110ev\u00f4n, san h\u00f4 \u1edf K\u1ef7 Kacru,... Nh\u1eefng tr\u1ebb \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc ph\u00eda T\u00e2y C\u00f4n Minh d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 trong tay m\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt bi\u1ec3n \u1edf K\u1ef7 H\u00e1n V\u0169. B\u1edfi ng\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e1y bi\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a K\u1ef7 H\u00e1n V\u0169 5 t\u1ef7 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, b\u00ed m\u1eadt l\u1ea1 l\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n h\u00e9 m\u1edf. C\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y 5,3 t\u1ef7 n\u0103m, \u1edf v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n c\u1ea1n n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec5n ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng quan tr\u1ecdng. S\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i qua m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ea1i quy m\u00f4 mang t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng.","Tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ea1i b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn ch\u1ec9 v\u1ebbn v\u1eb9n d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ed9t gi\u1edbi sinh v\u1eadt l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t ph\u00e2n ng\u00e0nh, m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt trong nh\u00e1y m\u1eaft s\u1ebd xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t. S\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9t nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u00eam cho h\u00e0nh tinh xanh m\u1ed9t m\u00e0u s\u1eafc th\u1eadt sinh \u0111\u1ed9ng. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 c\u1ed5 sinh v\u1eadt h\u1ecdc th\u1eadm ch\u00ed \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng t\u1eeb \\\"b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5\\\" \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9t nhi\u00ean n\u00e0y, h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c nhau, l\u1edbn nh\u1ecf kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u, t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng vi sinh v\u1eadt ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 v\u00e0i mm \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng qu\u00e1i v\u1eadt cao t\u1edbi 2m. C\u00e1c qu\u00e1i v\u1eadt \u1ea5y c\u00f2n mang nh\u1eefng con m\u1eaft l\u1edbn v\u00e0 m\u00f3ng vu\u1ed1t kh\u1ee7ng khi\u1ebfp. D\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 n\u00f3 kh\u1ed1ng ch\u1ebf t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c. C\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng, ng\u00e0y ngay tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt bay tr\u00ean tr\u1eddi, ch\u1ea1y d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t, b\u01a1i d\u01b0\u1edbi bi\u1ec3n,... h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ec1u xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0o th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y. R\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1eefng t\u1ebf b\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2y kh\u1edfi b\u01b0\u1edbc, m\u1edf ra m\u1ed9t l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a c\u00e1c c\u00e1 th\u1ec3. Ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho gi\u1edbi sinh v\u1eadt c\u1ed5 Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng h\u00e0o h\u1ee9ng. M\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 sinh v\u1eadt c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 uy t\u00edn nh\u1ea5t, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 g\u1ecdi ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n l\u1edbn n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \\\"Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t tin t\u1ee9c t\u1eeb tr\u00ean tr\u1eddi r\u01a1i xu\u1ed1ng\\\". Ph\u00f2ng tr\u01b0ng b\u00e0y c\u1ee7a Trung t\u00e2m Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ea7u \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c nh\u1eefng ti\u00eau b\u1ea3n h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch mang nhi\u1ec1u h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i kh\u00e1c nhau. Nh\u1eefng h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch tr\u00f9ng Naro cu\u1ed9n tr\u00f2n, ho\u1eb7c n\u1eb1m nghi\u00eang, ho\u1eb7c th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng. C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac th\u00e2n m\u1ec1m c\u1ee7a tr\u00f9ng Naro \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y c\u1ea3 th\u1ee9c \u0103n c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea7y trong ru\u1ed9t c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00fac ch\u1ebft, tr\u00f9ng Naro v\u1eabn \u0103n m\u1ed9t b\u1eefa b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng; \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 lo\u00e0i tr\u00f9ng g\u00e2n v\u1edbi m\u1ea1ng g\u00e2n x\u01b0\u01a1ng ki\u1ec3u g\u00e2n l\u00e1 c\u00e2y, khi ch\u1ebft v\u1eabn c\u00f2n gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ee9ng th\u1eb3ng, l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi xem kh\u00f4ng kh\u1ecfi kinh ng\u1ea1c. Nh\u1eefng con s\u1ee9a c\u00f3 x\u00fac tu m\u1ea3nh d\u1ebb, th\u00e2n nh\u1eb5n nh\u1ee5i, c\u00f3 c\u1ecf v\u00f2ng; nh\u1eefng thi\u00ean kh\u1ea9u tr\u00f9ng, h\u1ea3i kh\u1ea9u tr\u00f9ng b\u1ecb ch\u00f4n v\u00f9i th\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e0n ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ee5 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 c\u00f9ng ch\u1ebft trong m\u1ed9t tai n\u1ea1n b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd. Nh\u1eefng h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac th\u00e2n m\u1ec1m n\u00e0y hi\u1ec7n nay ngo\u00e0i C\u00f4n Minh - Trung Qu\u1ed1c, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u1edf n\u01a1i n\u00e0o tr\u00ean Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u00f3. N\u0103m 1985, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 sinh v\u1eadt h\u1ecdc c\u1ed5 Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u: \\\"Tr\u00f9ng Naro khai qu\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1edf M\u1ea1o Thi\u00ean Tr\u1eebng Giang, h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf ra m\u1ed9t trang quan tr\u1ecdng trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u qu\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 sinh v\u1eadt \u1edf Tr\u1eebng Giang\\\". N\u0103m 1995, t\u1ea1i Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec5n ra h\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u1ec1 \\\"\u0110\u1ea1i b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5 K\u1ef7 H\u00e1n V\u0169\\\" c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc tr\u00ean Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.T\u1eeb n\u0103m 1990 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh khai qu\u1eadt r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n \u1edf n\u01a1i c\u00f3 h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a N\u00fai M\u1ea1o Thi\u00ean. T\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea3i l\u00ean t\u1edbi h\u00e0ng v\u1ea1n m\u1eabu. D\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y v\u1ebft ch\u00e2n c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt ng\u00e0y nay \u1edf t\u1ea7ng nham th\u1ea1ch m\u00e0u da cam \u0111\u00f3. Ngo\u00e0i ra, h\u1ecd c\u00f2n ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u lo\u00e0i sinh v\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb tuy\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng. H\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n v\u1ea1n lo\u00e0i sinh v\u1eadt \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fac tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t ng\u00e0y nay quy n\u1ea1p l\u1ea1i m\u1edbi c\u00f3 35 ng\u00e0nh, trong khi \u0111\u00f3 h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch \u1edf Tr\u1eebng Giang ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5p h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng h\u01a1n 20 ng\u00e0nh. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ch\u1ee9ng minh r\u1eb1ng, \u1edf K\u1ef7 H\u00e1n V\u0169 th\u1ec3 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt mang t\u00ednh \u0111a d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp. Trong h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch sinh v\u1eadt c\u1ed5 n\u00e0y, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t m\u1eabu h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5m nh\u1eefng","\u0111i\u1ec3m h\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3ng, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a m\u1ea7m h\u1ea3i \u0111\u1eadu. M\u1ea7m h\u1ea3i \u0111\u1eadu m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y \u1edf bi\u1ec3n ng\u00e0y nay c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng y nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. C\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng, t\u1eeb c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a t\u1edbi ng\u00e0y nay n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 c\u00f3 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i. Nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a nhanh ch\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ebfn kinh ng\u1ea1c. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: T\u1ed5 ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt c\u00f3 x\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ed1ng - Tr\u00f9ng V\u00e2n Nam theo chi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u00e1c nhau ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a th\u00e0nh lo\u00e0i c\u00e1, lo\u00e0i l\u01b0\u1ee1ng th\u1ec3, lo\u00e0i b\u00f2 s\u00e1t (bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 kh\u1ee7ng long sau n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb tuy\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng), lo\u00e0i chim v\u00e0 lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt c\u00f3 v\u00fa (bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi). Tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch sinh v\u1eadt c\u00f3 h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n v\u1ea1n h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u1eb7t ra c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi: \u0110\u1ea1i b\u1ee7ng n\u1ed5 K\u1ef7 H\u00e1n V\u0169 c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng di\u1ec5n ra? Tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea1i b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5, Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec? \u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd n\u00e0y? \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t b\u00ed \u1ea9n c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a \u0111ang ch\u1edd c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 sinh v\u1eadt h\u1ecdc t\u00ecm t\u00f2i \u0111\u01b0a ra \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng. H.T (Theo n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh c\u1ed5 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi) B\u00ed \u1ea9n v\u1ec1 t\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e2y d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1y bi\u1ec3n T\u1eeb r\u1ea5t l\u00e2u, t\u1eebng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 ti\u00ean tri \u0111\u01b0a ra l\u1eddi d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n: \u0110\u1ea3o Atlantic - h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o b\u00ed \u1ea9n b\u1ecb ch\u00ecm d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1y bi\u1ec3n cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng s\u1ebd xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf g\u1ea7n qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o Bahama v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1969, l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng ai tin v\u00e0o d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n n\u00e0y. N\u0103m 1969, nh\u00e0 th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m Robert Feropormi Gran, ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea3o Bimili thu th\u1eadp t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u. Ng\u00e0y 26 th\u00e1ng 2, \u0111o\u00e0n th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m th\u1ea3 neo c\u00e1ch b\u1edd B\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea3o Bimili 1,4 h\u1ea3i l\u00fd. Khi \u0111ang \u0111\u1ee9ng h\u00edt th\u1edf l\u00e0n gi\u00f3 bi\u1ec3n m\u00e1t r\u01b0\u1ee3i v\u00e0 ng\u1eafm nh\u00ecn nh\u1eefng l\u00e0n n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n m\u00e0u xanh, h\u1ecd b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra m\u1ed9t m\u1ecfm \u0111\u00e1 trong n\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c l\u1ea1 gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh v\u1ebd do con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1o n\u00ean. H\u1ecd l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c l\u1eb7n xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e1y bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean khi nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y h\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ecfm \u0111\u00e1 d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1y bi\u1ec3n r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn, r\u1ea5t quy c\u1ee7. M\u1ed7i h\u00f2n \u0111\u00e1 l\u1edbn d\u00e0i kho\u1ea3ng 6m, cao 3m v\u00e0 r\u1ed9ng 1,2m. Nh\u1eefng h\u00f2n \u0111\u00e1 n\u00e0y gh\u00e9p li\u1ec1n nhau d\u00e0i kho\u1ea3ng 213m. Theo l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn vi\u00ean du l\u1ecbch \u0111i c\u00f9ng \u0111o\u00e0n, v\u00e0o th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 20 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX, khi x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng th\u00e0nh Maianmi, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee3 ph\u00e1 \u0111\u00e1 \u0111\u00f3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u ra, t\u1ea1i sao l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ai gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. T\u1eeb nh\u1eefng phi\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e1 ch\u00ecm d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1y bi\u1ec3n \u1ea5y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ef3 t\u00edch r\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n, nh\u1eefng h\u00f2n \u0111\u00e1 n\u00e0y ch\u00ecm trong n\u01b0\u1edbc \u00edt nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 h\u01a1n 10.000 n\u0103m. V\u1eady 10.000 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, nh\u1eefng h\u00f2n \u0111\u00e3 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec v\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng g\u00ec? C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1eb7t t\u01b0\u1eddng, nh\u01b0ng s\u1eed s\u00e1ch ch\u01b0a h\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 n\u00e0y v\u00e0o 10.000 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Do \u0111\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p nh\u1eefng phi\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e1 n\u00e0y v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea3o Atlantic trong truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft l\u1ea1i th\u00ec th\u1ea5y r\u1ea5t tr\u00f9ng h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi th\u1eddi gian m\u00e0 nh\u00e0 ti\u00ean tri n\u1ecd d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n. Kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tr\u00f9ng h\u1ee3p ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean m\u00e0 k\u1ef3 di\u1ec7u hay kh\u00f4ng? Th\u00e1ng 7 n\u0103m 1969, hai th\u1ee3 l\u1eb7n \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u1ee5 l\u1edbn d\u01b0\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng xa b\u1edd T\u00e2y \u0111\u1ea3o Bimili. Nh\u1eefng tr\u1ee5 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 c\u00e1i n\u1eb1m ngang, c\u00f3 c\u00e1i d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ee9ng d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u1edbp b\u00f9n c\u00e1t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e1y bi\u1ec3n. Sau khi ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ki\u1ec3m tra k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng minh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e1 n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u1edf \u0111\u1ea3o Bimili.","C\u00e1c th\u1ee3 l\u1eb7n c\u00f2n ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n, c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea3o Bimili kh\u00f4ng xa, c\u00f2n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5p v\u00e2y quanh \u0111\u1ea3o nh\u1ecf. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n, t\u1eeb r\u1ea5t xa x\u01b0a, tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o Bimili \u1eaft \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e2y cao l\u1edbn. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0: Ngo\u00e0i b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e2y \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c. V\u1eady v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e2y d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m g\u00ec? C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e2y n\u00e0y \u1ea9n ch\u1ee9a b\u00ed m\u1eadt n\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng? V\u1ec1 sau, v\u00ec nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u00ec khi\u1ebfn b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ecbch t\u1eeb tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o xu\u1ed1ng bi\u1ec3n? \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u00ed \u1ea9n kh\u00f3 gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p ngay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho r\u1eb1ng, do \u0111\u00e1y bi\u1ec3n kh\u00f4ng y\u00ean t\u0129nh, s\u1ef1 ch\u00ecm n\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea3o l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec7n th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00ecnh. M\u1ed9t v\u1ea1n n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian r\u1ea5t d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3o nh\u1ecf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb ch\u00ecm xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e1y bi\u1ec3n r\u1ed3i bao nhi\u00eau n\u0103m sau l\u1ea1i n\u1ed5i l\u00ean ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e2y b\u1ecb s\u00f3ng bi\u1ec3n l\u00e0m tr\u00f4i xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e1y bi\u1ec3n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c. Tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i v\u1ebft t\u00edch n\u00e0o cho th\u1ea5y t\u1eebng b\u1ecb n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n tr\u00e0n qua. C\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc cho r\u1eb1ng, b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u01b0\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc, nh\u01b0ng x\u00e2y t\u01b0\u1eddng d\u01b0\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ph\u00f2ng ng\u1ef1 \u01b0? N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t huy t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ph\u00f2ng ng\u1ef1 th\u00ec b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e2y c\u00f2n ph\u00e1t huy t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng g\u00ec? M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m li\u00ean l\u1ea1c, m\u1ed9t k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u hay l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thuy\u1ebft minh (m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch)? C\u0169ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ea1nh b\u1ea1o cho r\u1eb1ng, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 c\u00f3 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 g\u00ec v\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u00e1p \u00e1n cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a b\u00ed \u1ea9n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Nh\u1eefng h\u00f2n \u0111\u00e1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u? B\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f3 do ai x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 \u1ea9n ch\u1ee9a b\u00ed m\u1eadt g\u00ec? c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ee3i c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi x\u00e1c \u0111\u00e1ng. H.T (Theo N\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh c\u1ed5 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi) B\u00ed \u1ea9n v\u1ec1 th\u00e0nh c\u1ed5 \u1edf sa m\u1ea1c Nh\u00ecn kh\u1eafp v\u00f9ng sa m\u1ea1c r\u1ed9ng m\u00eanh m\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t m\u00e0u c\u00e1t v\u00e0ng d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y ch\u00e2n tr\u1eddi, ban ng\u00e0y nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn h\u01a1n 40 \u0111\u1ed9 C, bu\u1ed5i t\u1ed1i l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ea1 xu\u1ed1ng -40 \u0111\u1ed9 C. M\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m \u0111\u1eb7t ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eed h\u1ecfi c\u00f3 ai mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 tr\u00ean v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y? Th\u1eadt k\u1ef3 di\u1ec7u, n\u0103m 1862 nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p, Me Dawallgai l\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2u ti\u00ean ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra m\u1ea5y tr\u0103m th\u00e0nh c\u1ed5 b\u1ecb ch\u00ecm l\u1eafng su\u1ed1t h\u01a1n 1000 n\u0103m \u1edf ph\u00eda B\u1eafc sa m\u1ea1c l\u1edbn Syrian. T\u1eeb nh\u1eefng v\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p, \u0111i\u1ec7n mi\u1ebfu cao v\u00fat v\u1edbi t\u01b0\u1eddng r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 tr\u00ean l\u1edbp nham th\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e1 tr\u1eafng r\u1ea3i tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea5t ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 ph\u1ed3n vinh x\u01b0a kia c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh c\u1ed5 n\u00e0y. Ch\u1ec9 qua nh\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed1 hoang t\u00e0n t\u0129nh m\u1ecbch v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng tr\u1eadn b\u00e3o c\u00e1t bay t\u1ee9 tung v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng gian nh\u00e0 b\u1ecb c\u00e1t v\u00f9i m\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \\\"Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 ch\u1ebft\\\". Theo s\u1eed s\u00e1ch ghi ch\u00e9p, h\u01a1n 6000 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 tr\u1ee5c giao th\u00f4ng t\u1eeb Syrian \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1edf ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00f4ng, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t sinh n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i. M\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, t\u1ea1i sao nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i l\u1ea1i b\u1ecf qu\u00ean khi\u1ebfn cho n\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \\\"Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 ch\u1ebft\\\" nh\u01b0 h\u00f4m nay? M\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc cho r\u1eb1ng, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 do nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n suy tho\u00e1i kinh t\u1ebf. V\u00e0o","n\u0103m 611, vua Parsian \u0111\u00e1nh h\u1ea1 Antiosz, c\u1eaft \u0111\u1ee9t con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng giao th\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y khi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u00e2n hay \u0111i qua v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng. Th\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea9m \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u01b0u th\u00f4ng n\u00ean n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf b\u1ecb tr\u00ec tr\u1ec7, th\u00e0nh c\u1ed5 c\u0169ng v\u00ec v\u1eady m\u00e0 t\u1eeb c\u1ea3nh h\u01b0ng th\u1ecbnh \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn suy vong. C\u00f3 nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00ecnh v\u1edbi quan \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ecd cho r\u1eb1ng nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n kinh t\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 suy vong c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh c\u1ed5, m\u00e0 cho r\u1eb1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1eabn l\u00e0 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n qu\u00fd b\u00e1u nh\u1ea5t. Tuy th\u00e0nh c\u1ed5 c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u00f4ng ng\u00f2i, k\u00eanh m\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111an ch\u1eb1ng ch\u1ecbt, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu tr\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng m\u01b0a th\u00ec n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ef1 sinh t\u1ed3n hay di\u1ec7t vong \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y. Th\u00eam v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c La M\u00e3 c\u00e1ch v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng xa, \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c Bizantine c\u0169ng \u0111ang ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng ph\u1ed3n vinh, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 trong th\u00e0nh c\u1ed5 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c sinh s\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi. C\u00f9ng v\u1edbi d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y th\u1eddi gian, th\u00e0nh c\u1ed5 n\u00e0y c\u0169ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh hoang t\u00e0n. V\u1eady nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n n\u00e0o khi\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng th\u00e0nh qu\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa sa m\u1ea1c? \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t xung quanh th\u00e0nh c\u1ed5, h\u1ecd gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 sinh t\u1ed3n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ecd m\u00e0 n\u00f3i, lo cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, v\u1eady h\u1ecd l\u00e0m sao c\u00f2n s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ef3 t\u00edch x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng th\u00e0nh c\u1ed5? Nh\u1eefng nghi v\u1ea5n n\u00e0y th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i khi\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 ch\u01b0a gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e0 t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi. H.T (Theo N\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh c\u1ed5 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi) B\u00ed \u1ea9n v\u1ec1 v\u1ee5 h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t th\u00e0nh c\u1ed5 Pompeii Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Pompeii l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 c\u1ed5 c\u00f3 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi, n\u1eb1m ph\u00eda T\u00e2y Nam n\u01b0\u1edbc Italia, d\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u00e2n n\u00fai l\u1eeda Vesuvius. Theo s\u1eed s\u00e1ch, th\u00e0nh Pompeii \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 10 b\u1ed9 l\u1ea1c l\u1edbn c\u00f3 t\u00ean Aus c\u00f9ng nhau x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng. \u0110\u1ebfn n\u0103m 79, n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u00e2u l\u1ea1c b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0u. T\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp qu\u00fd t\u1ed9c th\u01b0\u01a1ng gia gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 k\u00e9o nhau \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y t\u00ecm l\u1ea1c th\u00fa, b\u1edfi v\u1eady th\u00e0nh Pompeii \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t Th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 T\u1eedu S\u1eafc. N\u00fai l\u1eeda Vesuvius l\u00e0 ng\u1ecdn n\u00fai l\u1eeda \u0111ang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. \u0110\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea7u C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean, nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd h\u1ecdc n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng Strabo c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng m\u1eabu \u0111\u1ea5t Vesuvius x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng n\u00fai l\u1eeda n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 ng\u1eebng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n Pompeii l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n tin v\u00e0o l\u1eddi suy lu\u1eadn, ph\u00e1n \u0111o\u00e1n c\u1ee7a Strabo n\u00ean r\u1ea5t an t\u00e2m sinh s\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u00e2n n\u00fai l\u1eeda Vesuvius. Hai b\u00ean s\u01b0\u1eddn ng\u1ecdn n\u00fai l\u1eeda, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta tr\u1ed3ng nh\u1eefng c\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng m\u00e0u xanh ng\u00e1t, tr\u00ean b\u00ecnh nguy\u00ean \u0111i \u0111\u00e2u c\u0169ng th\u1ea5y r\u1eebng chanh, qu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i c\u00e2y kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 nho... H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e2u ng\u1edd \\\"ng\u1ecdn n\u00fai l\u1eeda \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft\\\" kia v\u1eabn \u0111ang chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb g\u00e2y ra m\u1ed9t tai h\u1ecda l\u1edbn mang t\u00ednh h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t. V\u00e0o n\u0103m 62, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ef1c m\u1ea1nh t\u00e0n ph\u00e1 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Pompeii, nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed5 n\u00e1t. Nh\u1eefng t\u00e0n t\u00edch ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac th\u1ea5y hi\u1ec7n nay \u1edf th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Pompeii l\u00e0 k\u1ebft q\u1ee7a c\u1ee7a tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00e0y g\u00e2y ra. Sau tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Pompeii ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c b\u1eaft tay v\u00e0o x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed h\u1ecd c\u00f2n mu\u1ed1n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng","m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 h\u00e0o hoa h\u01a1n. Nh\u01b0ng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Pompeii m\u1edbi ch\u01b0a ch\u1ecbp ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i th\u00ec ng\u00e0y 24 th\u00e1ng 8 n\u0103m 79, ng\u1ecdn n\u00fai l\u1eeda Vesuvius l\u1ea1i b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd phun nham th\u1ea1ch. H\u1ed3i \u0111\u00f3 to\u00e0n th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Pompeii c\u00f3 25 ngh\u00ecn d\u00e2n. Tuy ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn ch\u1ea1y tho\u00e1t nh\u1eefng v\u1eabn c\u00f3 h\u01a1n 2000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb v\u00f9i d\u01b0\u1edbi tro b\u1ee5i v\u00e0 dung nham c\u1ee7a n\u00fai l\u1eeda. Sau khi n\u00fai l\u1eeda ng\u1eebng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t \u0111\u00e3 quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh c\u1ed5 d\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u00e2n n\u00fai Vesuvius \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n khi th\u00e1o ch\u1ea1y kh\u00f4ng k\u1ecbp mang theo; nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 g\u00ec. C\u00f9ng v\u1edbi d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi gian, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ea7n qu\u00ean l\u00e3ng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Pompeii v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 c\u0169ng m\u1ea5t t\u00edch t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3. N\u0103m 1594, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng k\u00eanh d\u1eabn n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ean v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t thu\u1ed9c th\u00e0nh c\u1ed5 Pompeii n\u0103m x\u01b0a t\u00ecnh c\u1edd ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t m\u1ea3nh \u0111\u00e1 c\u1ea9m th\u1ea1ch l\u1edbn b\u1ecb v\u1ee1 v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e1. N\u0103m 1689, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf ngo\u1ea1i \u00f4 Napoli trong khi \u0111\u00e0o gi\u1ebfng \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eb7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0i m\u1ea3nh \u0111\u00e1 kh\u1eafc ch\u1eef, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t m\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc t\u00ean Pompeii. C\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Pompeii \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng t\u1ea1i khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y. N\u0103m 1748, n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 di v\u1eadt \u1edf di ch\u1ec9 th\u00e0nh c\u1ed5 Pompeii. V\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u00e1c t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm th\u00e0nh c\u1ed5 Pompeii c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed1ng tro n\u00fai l\u1eeda ch\u1ed7 c\u00e2y c\u1ecd \u0111\u1ecf, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y b\u1ee9c h\u1ecda k\u1ef3 di\u1ec7u v\u00e0 khai qu\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed9 h\u00e0i c\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh r\u01a1i m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed3ng ti\u1ec1n v\u00e0ng, ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1c c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i. T\u1eeb d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ec3 suy \u0111o\u00e1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y \u0111ang v\u1ed9i v\u00e0ng nh\u1eb7t nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed3ng ti\u1ec1n v\u00e0ng r\u01a1i v\u00e3i kh\u00f4ng may b\u1ecb ng\u00e3 ch\u1ebft. N\u0103m 1763, John Winckeman - ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c (1717-1768) ph\u1ee5ng l\u1ec7nh l\u00e0m t\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t nh\u1eefng v\u0103n v\u1eadt trong th\u00e0nh Rome v\u00e0 khu v\u1ef1c l\u00e2n c\u1eadn. V\u1edbi ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 n\u00e0y, John Winckeman \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m Vesuvius v\u00e0 Herculaneun. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e1nh g\u00e1 r\u1ea5t cao nh\u1eefng v\u0103n v\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong th\u00e0nh c\u1ed5 Pompeii. \u00d4ng c\u00f2n b\u1ecf c\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9nh l\u00fd l\u1ea1i tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 c\u00e1c v\u0103n v\u1eadt b\u1ecb th\u1ea5t l\u1ea1c, ph\u00e1c h\u1ecda h\u00ecnh d\u00e1ng l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a Pompeii. N\u0103m 1808 - 1815, h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c khai qu\u1eadt th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 ch\u1ebft Pompeii. Nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ebfn 1860 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh khai qu\u1eadt c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. N\u0103m 1890, nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc Usepi - Fuaurouli ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0a c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c khai qu\u1eadt \u0111i v\u00e0o ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ra k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt khai qu\u1eadt m\u1edbi gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft b\u1ecb ch\u00f4n v\u00f9i, \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt, \u0111\u1ed3 d\u00f9ng gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac b\u1eb1ng g\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n m\u1ea1o v\u1ed1n s\u1eb5n c\u00f3. Du kh\u00e1ch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m t\u01b0 th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb n\u1ea1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ch\u1ebft: Hai tay \u00f4m \u0111\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi co tr\u00f2n th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u1ee5c; ho\u1eb7c tay \u00f4m m\u1eb7t g\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea7u xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea5t; ho\u1eb7c tay \u00f4m t\u00fai ti\u1ec1n th\u00e1o ch\u1ea1y ho\u1ea3ng h\u1ed1t; ho\u1eb7c ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb9 b\u1ed3ng con c\u00f9ng ch\u1ebft; ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ea5u s\u1ef9 n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch ph\u00e1 kh\u00f3a nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00ean khi ch\u1ebft v\u1eabn c\u00f2n b\u1ecb n\u1eb1m trong d\u00e2y x\u00edch... \u0110\u00e2y qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u00e0n th\u1ea3m k\u1ecbch gh\u00ea r\u1ee3n. Trong t\u01b0 dinh h\u00e0o hoa ph\u00fa qu\u00fd, c\u0103n ph\u00f2ng \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tu s\u1eeda, khi c\u1ea3 ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1m th\u1ee3 m\u1ed9c g\u1eb7p n\u1ea1n tr\u1ed1n d\u01b0\u1edbi h\u00e0nh lang \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb ch\u1ebft. M\u1ed9t bi\u1ec7t th\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c \u1edf ngo\u1ea1i \u00f4, ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 hai","m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 khi g\u1eb7p n\u1ea1n c\u00f9ng b\u1ecb ch\u1ebft khi \u0111ang tr\u1ed1n d\u01b0\u1edbi h\u1ea7m ng\u1ea7m. \u0110\u1ebfn nay, th\u00e0nh c\u1ed5 Pompeii m\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 3\/5 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khai qu\u1eadt. C\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 Herculaneun, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y v\u1eabn c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb n\u1ea1n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c kh\u00ed c\u1ee5 b\u1ecb ch\u00f4n s\u00e2u d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed5 n\u00e1t trong l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea5t. Nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 huy ho\u00e0ng tr\u00e1ng l\u1ec7 x\u01b0a kia c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh c\u1ed5 Pompeii c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e0y ra m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. Th\u00e0nh c\u1ed5 Pompeii c\u00f3 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch 1,8km2. T\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e1, t\u01b0\u1eddng bao d\u00e0i 4,8km v\u00e0 c\u00f3 7 c\u1eeda th\u00e0nh v\u1edbi 14 l\u1ea7u th\u00e1p ho\u00e0nh tr\u00e1ng; 4 con ph\u1ed1 l\u1edbn r\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1 c\u1eaft ngang, d\u1ecdc t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh 9 khu v\u1ef1c. M\u1ed7i khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 ph\u1ed1 l\u1edbn nh\u1ecf th\u00f4ng nhau, \u1edf ph\u1ed1 l\u1edbn c\u00f2n l\u01b0u l\u1ea1i v\u1ebft xe b\u1eb1ng s\u1eaft r\u1ea5t s\u00e2u tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 xe ng\u1ef1a v\u1eeba \u0111i qua. \u1ede ng\u00e3 t\u01b0 c\u00e1c ph\u1ed1 l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 m\u00e1y n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e1 cao g\u1ea7n 1m, d\u00e0i kho\u1ea3ng 2m \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p n\u01b0\u1edbc cho th\u1ecb d\u00e2n. M\u00e1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00f4ng v\u1edbi th\u00e1p n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1eabn t\u1eeb ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u1ecdn n\u00fai cao ngo\u00e0i th\u00e0nh b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y treo x\u00e2y b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e1. Sau \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c th\u00e1p n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng m\u00e1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng \u1edf c\u00e1c ng\u00e3 t\u01b0. Su\u1ed1i phun v\u00e0 ao c\u00e1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c gia \u0111\u00ecnh qu\u00fd t\u1ed9c, th\u01b0\u01a1ng gia gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng cung c\u1ea5p n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Pompeii c\u00f2n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng hai r\u1ea1p h\u00e1t. R\u1ea1p h\u00e1t l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t n\u1eb1m \u1edf ph\u00eda \u0110\u00f4ng Nam th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y n\u0103m 70 tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c ch\u1ee9a 2 v\u1ea1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi. R\u1ea1p n\u00e0y c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng l\u00e0m s\u00e2n thi \u0111\u1ea5u v\u1eadt gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1edbi d\u00e3 th\u00fa. \u1ede s\u01b0\u1eddn \u0110\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a r\u1ea1p h\u00e1t l\u1edbn c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u00e2n th\u1ec3 thao, m\u1ed7i g\u00f3c d\u00e0i kho\u1ea3ng 130m. S\u00e2n th\u1ec3 thao n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t h\u00e0o hoa tr\u00e1ng l\u1ec7, c\u00f3 b\u1ec3 b\u01a1i \u0111\u1eb7t \u1edf gi\u1eefa. Theo d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n, s\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t v\u1ea1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean di\u1ec5n ra c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kinh t\u1ebf, ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Pompeii. Ph\u00eda T\u00e2y Nam th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t qu\u1ea3ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt, xung quanh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng dinh th\u1ef1, t\u00f2a \u00e1n, mi\u1ebfu th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 ch\u1ee3. C\u00f3 \u00edt nh\u1ea5t 3 ph\u00f2ng t\u1eafm c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng g\u1ed3m ph\u00f2ng t\u1eafm n\u00f3ng l\u1ea1nh, t\u1eafm h\u01a1i v\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng trang \u0111i\u1ec3m. Tr\u00ean t\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eefng ph\u00f2ng t\u1eafm \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang tr\u00ed c\u00e1c b\u1ee9c b\u00edch h\u1ecda v\u00e0 \u0111i\u00eau kh\u1eafc b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e1. Di ch\u1ec9 th\u00e0nh c\u1ed5 Pompeii ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ef1 suy \u0111\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i La M\u00e3 c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i. Th\u1eddi b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eafm ch\u00ecm trong t\u1eedu s\u1eafc v\u1edbi l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng d\u00e2m \u00f4 \u0111\u1ed3i b\u1ea1i, xa hoa l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed. Ch\u1eb3ng th\u1ebf m\u00e0 trong th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Pompeii c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u k\u1ef9 vi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 qu\u00e1n r\u01b0\u1ee3u. Tr\u00ean t\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 vi\u1ec7n v\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea7y nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3nh d\u00e2m \u0111\u00e3ng. C\u00e1c qu\u00e1n r\u01b0\u1ee3u c\u00f3 l\u00f2 v\u00e0 qu\u1ea7y r\u01b0\u1ee3u \u0111\u1eb7t \u1edf ngay l\u1ed1i v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00e1ch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ee9ng ngo\u00e0i qu\u1ea7y m\u00e0 v\u1eabn u\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u01b0\u1ee3u. Tr\u00ean t\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 qu\u1ea7y r\u01b0\u1ee3u \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00f2n l\u01b0u l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng d\u00f2ng v\u0103n ngo\u1ec7ch ngo\u1ea1c do ch\u00ednh tay c\u00e1c b\u1ee3m r\u01b0\u1ee3u vi\u1ebft v\u00e0 t\u1ea9y x\u00f3a. Cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay, c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng ch\u1eef \u0111\u00f3 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n l\u1edd m\u1edd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Do th\u00e0nh Pompeii b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u qu\u00fd v\u00e0 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 di\u1ec7n m\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i th\u1eddi La M\u00e3 c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i n\u00ean n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh Vi\u1ec7n b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng l\u1ecbch s\u1eed t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean hi\u1ebfm th\u1ea5y tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.","H.T s\u01b0u t\u1ea7m B\u00ed m\u1eadt v\u1ec1 v\u1ee5 n\u1ed5 Tunguese N\u0103m1908, t\u1ea1i v\u00f9ng Tunguese Xibiri, x\u1ea3y ra m\u1ed9t v\u1ee5 n\u1ed5 l\u1edbn k\u1ef3 qu\u00e1i. S\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi s\u1ee9c n\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a 500 qu\u1ea3 bom nguy\u00ean t\u1eed, ho\u1eb7c m\u1ea5y qu\u1ea3 bom khinh kh\u00ed, c\u00f9ng n\u1ed5 m\u1ed9t l\u00fac. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u1ee5 n\u1ed5 kh\u1ee7ng khi\u1ebfp v\u00e0 k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1 \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc d\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh th\u0103m d\u00f2 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u kh\u00f4ng m\u1ec7t m\u1ecfi su\u1ed1t g\u1ea7n 100 n\u0103m nay. Nh\u01b0ng v\u1ec1 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n v\u1ee5 n\u1ed5 th\u00ec cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay, \u00fd ki\u1ebfn v\u1eabn b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng: c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho r\u1eb1ng, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ee5 n\u1ed5 h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n, c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thi\u00ean th\u1ea1ch hay sao ch\u1ed5i r\u01a1i xu\u1ed1ng Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t m\u00e0 g\u00e2y ra v\u1ee5 n\u1ed5, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho r\u1eb1ng do phi thuy\u1ec1n v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u00e0i h\u00e0nh tinh r\u01a1i xu\u1ed1ng Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t. Ng\u00e0y nay nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f2n g\u1eafn n\u00f3 li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t nh\u1eefng h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft khoa h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, t\u00e2n k\u1ef3 nh\u01b0 l\u00fd lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 h\u1ed1 \u0111en v\u0169 tr\u1ee5, v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea3n v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u1ea5t. Ng\u00e0y 20 th\u00e1ng 6 n\u0103m 1908, l\u00fac 7 gi\u1edd 17 ph\u00fat, b\u00ean b\u1edd s\u00f4ng Tunguese y\u00ean t\u0129nh mi\u1ec1n T\u00e2y Xibiri n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga, khi \u00e1nh b\u00ecnh minh m\u1edbi nhu\u1ed1m h\u1ed3ng nh\u1eefng t\u00e1n c\u00e2y, kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed bu\u1ed5i s\u00e1ng trong l\u00e0nh. B\u1ed7ng nhi\u00ean vang l\u00ean m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfng n\u1ed5 c\u1ef1c m\u1ea1nh, tr\u1eddi long \u0111\u1ea5t l\u1edf, r\u1ed3i m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t rung chuy\u1ec3n nh\u01b0 run l\u00ean b\u1ea7n b\u1eadt. Ti\u1ebfp theo \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee5n kh\u00f3i h\u00ecnh n\u1ea5m tr\u00f2n t\u1eeb t\u1eeb l\u00ean cao, m\u1ed9t l\u00e0n s\u00f3ng nhi\u1ec7t n\u00f3ng b\u1ecfng \u00e0o \u00e0o cu\u1ed9n t\u1edbi. Ch\u1ec9 trong ch\u1ed1c l\u00e1t, chim th\u00fa trong r\u1eebng l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh tro b\u1ee5i. Nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ee5 ch\u1ecdc tr\u1eddi, ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecb nh\u1ed5 b\u1eadt c\u1ea3 r\u1ec5, ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecb thi\u00eau ch\u00e1y th\u00e0nh than. M\u1ea5y ng\u00e0n c\u1ea5y s\u1ed1 vu\u00f4ng r\u1eebng r\u1eadm b\u1ecb thi\u00eau h\u1ee7y trong ch\u1ed1c l\u00e1t. T\u1ecda \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb tr\u00ed x\u1ea3y ra v\u1ee5 n\u1ed5 l\u00e0 60 \u0111\u1ed9 55' \u0111\u1ed9 v\u0129 B\u1eafc 101 \u0111\u1ed9 57' \u0111\u1ed9 kinh \u0110\u00f4ng. C\u00e1ch h\u1ed3 Baican 800 km. Sau v\u1ee5 n\u1ed5, d\u00e2n du m\u1ee5c quanh v\u00f9ng run l\u00ean c\u1ea7m c\u1eadp trong nh\u1eefng tr\u1eadn cu\u1ed3ng phong. L\u1ec1u v\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd b\u1ecb bay bi\u1ebfn \u0111i \u0111\u00e2u m\u1ea5t. C\u00e1ch ph\u00eda Nam trung t\u00e2m v\u1ee5 n\u1ed5 60 km c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Vanavara, v\u00e0o s\u00e1ng s\u1edbm h\u00f4m x\u1ea3y ra v\u1ee5 n\u1ed5, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi ti\u1ebfng n\u1ed5 vang tr\u1eddi, nh\u1eefng c\u1eeda k\u00ednh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 c\u1eeda, c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb v\u1ee1 tan, khung c\u1eeda, c\u00e1ch c\u1eeda s\u1ed5... b\u1ecb ch\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1eafc l\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed5 v\u1ee1 h\u1ebft. Ti\u1ebfp theo l\u00e0 s\u00f3ng kh\u00ed t\u1eeb m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t cu\u1ed9n l\u00ean, cu\u1ed3ng phong \u1eadp t\u1edbi, l\u00e0m b\u1ed1c m\u00e1i nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0. C\u00e2y c\u1ed1i tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed1 v\u00e0 trong v\u01b0\u1eddn hoa b\u1ecb b\u1eadt c\u1ea3 g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5 l\u00ean. Sau khi s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c x\u1ea3y ra, m\u1ed9t n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i: \\\"L\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd t\u00f4i \u0111ang ng\u1ed3i trong nh\u00e0, b\u1ea7u tr\u1eddi b\u1ed7ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng tr\u1eafng m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t, sau \u0111\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed n\u00f3ng l\u00ean r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t, thi\u00eau b\u1ecfng c\u1ea3 da th\u1ecbt, t\u00f4i ng\u00e3 nh\u00e0o ra \u0111\u1ea5t, \u00e1o may-\u00f4 tr\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ed1c ch\u00e1y. Ng\u1ea9ng nh\u00ecn l\u00ean, m\u1ed9t qu\u1ea3 c\u1ea7u l\u1eeda kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ecf \u1ed1i c\u1ea3 v\u00f9ng tr\u1eddi, th\u1eadt kinh kh\u1ee7ng. Ch\u1ec9 trong ch\u1ed1c l\u00e1t, qu\u1ea3 c\u1ea7u l\u1eeda t\u1eaft \u0111i, tr\u1eddi t\u1ed1i tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i. L\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 t\u00f4i m\u1edbi nghe th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfng n\u1ed5 \u0111inh tai, th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb m\u1ed9t l\u00e0n s\u00f3ng h\u01a1i b\u1ed1c l\u00ean, v\u0103ng \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ea5y th\u01b0\u1edbc Anh, t\u00f4i ng\u1ea5t x\u1ec9u. M\u1ea5y ph\u00fat sau t\u00f4i t\u1ec9nh l\u1ea1i, nghe th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfng g\u00e0o th\u00e9t \u0111inh tai. Ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 l\u1eafc l\u01b0 b\u1ea7n b\u1eadt, d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 s\u1eafp b\u1ecb nh\u1ed5 b\u1eadt l\u00ean kh\u1ecfi m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t\\\".","C\u1ea3 v\u00f9ng Tunguese, nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 c\u1eeda c\u00f2n rung l\u00ean m\u1ea5y ng\u00e0y sau \u0111\u00f3. R\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u d\u00e2n c\u01b0 \u1edf th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n Vnavara b\u1ecb nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee3t h\u01a1i n\u00f3ng x\u00f4 ng\u00e3, hoa m\u00e0u c\u00e2y c\u1ed1i b\u1ecb h\u1ee7y ho\u1ea1i trong ch\u1ed1c l\u00e1t. Ngay ph\u00eda d\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u1ed7 ph\u00e1t n\u1ed5, v\u1eeba c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e0n tu\u1ea7n l\u1ed9c \u0111i t\u1edbi, sau n\u1ed5 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n con n\u00e0o s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t. V\u1ee5 n\u1ed5 \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y ra s\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5n r\u1ea5t m\u1ea1nh. C\u00e1ch trung t\u00e2m v\u1ee5 n\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ebfn 893 km, t\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Iacuxc\u01a1, 45 ph\u00fat sau khi v\u1ee5 n\u1ed5 x\u1ea3y ra, v\u1eabn c\u00f2n ghi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5n. T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 truy\u1ec1n s\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi 330 met\/gy. S\u00f3ng xung k\u00edch c\u1ee7a v\u1ee5 n\u1ed5 truy\u1ec1n t\u1eadn sang \u0111\u1ebfn Trung \u00c2u. C\u00e1c tr\u1ea1m quan tr\u1eafc \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5n P\u00f4tx\u0111am c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c v\u00e0 Cambridge c\u1ee7a Anh, c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1u ghi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t ch\u1ecbu nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ed9ng r\u1ea5t m\u1ea1nh, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea3o Java \u1edf In\u0111\u00f4n\u00eaxia v\u00e0 b\u00ean kia Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t, t\u1ea1i th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 Oasinht\u01a1n c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 c\u0169ng ghi nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1. Sau khi v\u1ee5 n\u1ed5 l\u1edbn x\u1ea3y ra, c\u00e1c n\u01a1i tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. T\u1ea1i London, to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e8n \u0111i\u1ec7n b\u1ed7ng nhi\u00ean t\u1eaft h\u1ebft, d\u00e2n ch\u00fang b\u1ecb ch\u00ecm trong b\u00f3ng t\u1ed1i d\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c. T\u1ea1i St\u1ed1ckh\u00f4m, r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea5y m\u00e1y \u1ea3nh ra ch\u1ee5p l\u1ea5y c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u00eam k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1. T\u1ea1i H\u00e0 Lan th\u00ec ban \u0111\u00eam, m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i r\u1ef1c l\u00ean \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng tr\u1eafng nh\u01b0 ban ng\u00e0y. C\u00f2n d\u00e2n M\u1ef9 \u1edf trong bu\u1ed5i \u0111\u00eam c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t rung chuy\u1ec3n. \u0110i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i t\u1edbi t\u1eeb \u0111\u00eam 30 th\u00e1ng 6 \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y 1 th\u00e1ng 7, b\u1ea7u tr\u1eddi t\u1eeb v\u00f9ng T\u00e2y Xibiri cho \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3 ch\u00e2u \u00c2u c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 trong s\u00e1ng. M\u1ed9t d\u1ea3i t\u1eeb C\u00e1pcad\u01a1 \u0111\u1ebfn mi\u1ec1n Nam n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga, tr\u1eddi s\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i th\u1eafp \u0111\u00e8n, m\u00e0 v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc s\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. C\u00f2n v\u00f9ng Tunguese th\u00ec su\u1ed1t ba ng\u00e0y \u0111\u00eam k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb khi v\u1ee5 n\u1ed5 x\u1ea3y ra, kh\u00f4ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n b\u00f3ng \u0111\u00eam. Trong m\u1ea5y ng\u00e0y \u0111\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi l\u1ecdt qua t\u1ea7ng m\u00e2y b\u1ed7ng chi\u1ebfu ra nh\u1eefng tia s\u00e1ng k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1 m\u00e0u l\u1ee5c v\u00e0 m\u00e0u hoa h\u1ed3ng. C\u00f2n c\u00f3 l\u00fac nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y c\u0169ng ph\u00e1t ra c\u00e1c tia s\u00e1ng m\u00e0u b\u1ea1c, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y r\u1ea5t g\u1ecdn r\u00f5. Trong m\u1ea5y \u0111\u00eam sau \u0111\u00f3, b\u1ea7u tr\u1eddi c\u0169ng s\u00e1ng h\u01a1n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi l\u00fac b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng. D\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n cho \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i th\u00e1ng 8, b\u1ea7u tr\u1eddi m\u1edbi tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng. C\u0169ng th\u1eddi gian \u1ea5y, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 thi\u00ean v\u0103n quan s\u00e1t th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ed9 trong s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a lo\u1ea1i kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n gi\u1ea3m h\u1eb3n, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 quan tr\u1eafc c\u00e1c v\u00ec sao c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 thi\u00ean v\u0103n. Nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc Li\u00ean X\u00f4 Cul\u00edch, khi ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecba v\u00f9ng Tunguese, k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n nh\u1eefng c\u01b0 d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm ra nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a v\u1ee5 n\u1ed5. \u0110\u00e1p \u00e1n \u1ea5y v\u1eabn l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u00ed m\u1eadt. Khi ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 sau Cul\u00edch nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y, v\u00f9ng b\u1ecb h\u1ee7y ho\u1ea1i l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m r\u01a1i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u1ea9n th\u1ea1ch kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3. Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t v\u1eabn th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb nh\u1eefng v\u1ea9n th\u1ea1ch nh\u1ecf t\u1eadp k\u00edch. Khi Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng quay quanh M\u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i chui qua nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00e1 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 \u1ea5y. Khi \u0111\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00e1 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 \u0111i v\u00e0o b\u1ea7u kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00f3 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 r\u1ea5t nhanh, th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ed7i gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi h\u01a1n 10 v\u1ea1n d\u1eb7m Anh, nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec1u r\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf n\u00ean khi m\u1edbi v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ea7ng cao c\u1ee7a b\u1ea7u kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n do ma s\u00e1t v\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed ph\u00e1t ra nhi\u1ec7t, ban \u0111\u00eam ch\u00fang ta nh\u00ecn l\u00ean b\u1ea7u tr\u1eddi th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng v\u1ec7t s\u00e1ng ch\u00f3i di chuy\u1ec3n r\u1ea5t nhanh n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 sao b\u0103ng.","Tuy nhi\u00ean, th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t v\u1eabn g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eefng kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e1 l\u1edbn, khi \u0111i v\u00e0o b\u1ea7u tr\u1eddi Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t ch\u00e1y n\u00f3ng h\u1eebng h\u1ef1c. Ng\u00e0y 29 th\u00e1ng 9 n\u0103m 1938, t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t khu v\u01b0\u1eddn \u1edf bang Ilinoi n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9, b\u1ed7ng ph\u00e1t ra ti\u1ebfng n\u1ed5 g\u1ea7m vang, m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i v\u1ea9n th\u1ea1ch khi xuy\u00ean qua n\u00f3c nh\u00e0 l\u1ea1i r\u01a1i \u0111\u00fang v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc xe \u00f4t\u00f4. N\u0103m 1954, t\u1ea1i bang Alabama n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef c\u0169ng b\u1ecb v\u1ea9n th\u1ea1ch r\u01a1i tr\u00fang. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ghi ch\u00e9p duy nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 v\u1ea9n th\u1ea1ch g\u00e2y th\u01b0\u01a1ng vong tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. V\u1ee5 n\u1ed5 Tunguese n\u0103m 1908, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta nghe \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfng n\u1ed5 t\u1eeb kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch xa 600 d\u1eb7m Anh. D\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e2y c\u1ed1i trong v\u00f2ng 50 d\u1eb7m Anh \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb h\u1ee7y ho\u1ea1i. Trung t\u00e2m v\u1ee5 n\u1ed5 n\u00e0y c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh, b\u1edfi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c c\u00e2y c\u1ed1i b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed5 ng\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 trung t\u00e2m. Nh\u01b0ng t\u1ea1i n\u01a1i \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y v\u1eabn th\u1ea1ch, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u1ed1 v\u1eabn th\u1ea1ch m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea7m. Quanh \u0111\u1ea7m l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y kh\u00f4 nh\u1eb5n th\u00edn, nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y \u0111\u00f3 tuy kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn c\u00f2n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e0nh n\u00e0o. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed1i quan tr\u1ecdng, r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng n\u01a1i \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra v\u1ee5 n\u1ed5 m\u1ea1nh, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t v\u1ee5 ch\u00e1y l\u1edbn, nh\u01b0ng l\u1eeda kh\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac t\u1edbi m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e0 do m\u1ed9t lu\u1ed3ng h\u01a1i t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 nhanh, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ef1c n\u00f3ng, \u1eadp th\u1eb3ng t\u1eeb tr\u00ean xu\u1ed1ng, \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e0nh c\u00e2y n\u00ean l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ed5 h\u1ebft c\u00e2y v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y su\u1ed1t tr\u00ean d\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i. V\u1eady nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng v\u1ee5 n\u1ed5 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1ch g\u00ec c\u0169ng th\u1ea5y m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn. B\u1edfi v\u1eady v\u1ee5 h\u1ecfa ho\u1ea1n \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u00ed m\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ng\u00e0nh thi\u00ean v\u0103n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. N\u0103m 1965, c\u00f3 ba nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc n\u00eau ra \u00fd ki\u1ebfn: V\u1ee5 n\u1ed5 l\u1edbn Tunguese c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e0 do m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3n v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb ngo\u00e0i V\u0169 Tr\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3n v\u1ea9n th\u1ea1ch g\u00e2y ra. Nh\u01b0ng gi\u1ea3 thi\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh nghi\u1ec7m ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. N\u0103m 1945, M\u1ef9 n\u00e9m bom nguy\u00ean t\u1eed \u1edf Hir\u00f4sima v\u00e0 Nagasaki Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc M\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra quang c\u1ea3nh v\u1ee5 n\u1ed5 Tunguese r\u1ea5t gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi quang c\u1ea3nh sau v\u1ee5 n\u1ed5 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed. C\u00f9ng l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd h\u1ecdc Li\u00ean X\u00f4 Al\u00eachxan\u0111r\u01a1 Casatra\u00e9p c\u0169ng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. H\u1ecd c\u00f2n nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng, s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y \u1edf v\u00f9ng trung t\u00e2m nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi v\u00f9ng xung quanh. C\u00e2y c\u1ed1i v\u1eabn \u0111\u1ee9ng th\u1eb3ng kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed5 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00ed d\u1ee5 r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t. Ngo\u00e0i ra th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt \u1edf v\u00f9ng Tunguese c\u0169ng m\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t nhanh. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh x\u1ea3y ra sau v\u1ee5 n\u1ed5 bom nguy\u00ean t\u1eed. H\u00ecnh d\u00e1ng s\u00fac v\u1eadt b\u1ecb b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed \u1edf Hir\u00f4sima v\u00e0 Nagasaki b\u1ecb thi\u00eau b\u1ecfng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi s\u00fac v\u1eadt \u1edf v\u00f9ng Tunguese sau v\u1ee5 n\u1ed5. C\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e1m kh\u00f3i h\u00ecnh n\u1ea5m b\u1ed1c l\u00ean sau khi n\u1ed5 c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t gi\u1ed1ng nhau. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc Li\u00ean X\u00f4 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e1m kh\u00f3i h\u00ecnh n\u1ea5m sinh ra \u1edf v\u1ee5 n\u1ed5 Tunguese l\u1edbn h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1m kh\u00f3i h\u00ecnh n\u1ea5m \u1edf Hir\u00f4sima v\u00e0 Nagasaki b\u1edfi n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00ecn \u1edf kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch t\u1eeb r\u1ea5t xa. M\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t nh\u1eefng kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1958 tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 sau \u0111\u1ec1u thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf v\u1ee5 n\u1ed5 Tunguese l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ee5 n\u1ed5 h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n. Nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ea7u Li\u00ean X\u00f4 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y - X\u00f4r\u00f4t\u1ed1p v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 thi\u00ean v\u0103n Mikhaiin t\u1eebng nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t t\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng. T\u1ea1i n\u01a1i \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ecd c\u0169ng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea5u","v\u1ebft c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1. X\u00f4r\u00f4t\u1ed1p c\u00f2n d\u00f9ng th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m ch\u1ee9ng minh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e0n d\u01b0 b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 c\u1ee7a \\\"ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1eadt l\u00fd sinh v\u1eadt\\\" v\u1eabn c\u00f2n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i t\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng x\u1ea3y ra v\u1ee5 n\u1ed5; c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 trong bom nguy\u00ean t\u1eed v\u00e0 bom khinh kh\u00ed m\u1edbi c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t plu-t\u00f4-ni 235 v\u00e0 uran. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3 tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd, lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a t\u00ecm ra hai lo\u1ea1i nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 \u0111\u00f3. Cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay, v\u1ee5 n\u1ed5 Tunguese x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf mi\u1ec1n T\u00e2y Xibiri n\u0103m 1908 v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u00ed m\u1eadt th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Tuy r\u1eb1ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng suy lu\u1eadn m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra, nh\u01b0ng \u00fd ki\u1ebfn n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng th\u00ec c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i d\u00e0nh cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111i s\u00e2ukh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t th\u0103m d\u00f2 v\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u. S\u1ebd c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y, b\u00ed m\u1eadt n\u00e0y s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9 r\u00f5 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u00e1p \u00e1n h\u1ee3p l\u00fd nh\u1ea5t. H.T (theo K\u00ednh V\u1ea1n L\u00fd) B\u00ed m\u1eadt c\u1ee7a b\u00e3i \u0111\u00e1 c\u1ed5 Stonehenge \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc Anh Trong s\u1ed1 h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e1 m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh k\u1ebf th\u1eeba t\u1eeb th\u1eddi c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a, b\u00e3i \u0111\u00e1 c\u1ed5 Stonehenge chi\u1ebfm m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e1 c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 (m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kh\u1ed1i n\u1eb7ng t\u1edbi 45 t\u1ea5n) v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng b\u00ed hi\u1ec3m (t\u1eeb xa tr\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc nanh l\u1edbn)... T\u1eeb kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch v\u00e0i tr\u0103m m \u0111\u1ebfn Stonehenge, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh th\u00f9 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, tr\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 in h\u1eb1n tr\u00ean c\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng. Khi l\u1ea1i g\u1ea7n th\u00ec th\u1ea5y h\u00ecnh tr\u00ean c\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng. C\u00e1c h\u00ecnh v\u1ebd trong v\u00f9ng Stonehenge thu\u1ed9c lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t: \u0111\u1ea5t \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1edbi, nh\u01b0ng c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a c\u1ecdng c\u1ecf b\u00ean trong c\u00e1c v\u00f2ng \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i, nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 c\u1ecf t\u1ef1 \u201cn\u1eb1m\u201d theo m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. Nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh v\u1ebd xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u1eeb kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi r\u1ed1i tr\u00ed. \u00dd ngh\u0129a n\u00e0o \u1ea9n ch\u1ee9a trong c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh v\u1ebd \u0111\u00f3, ai \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i cho ch\u00fang ta, \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m g\u00ec v\u00e0 t\u1ea1i sao c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh v\u1ebd l\u1ea1i xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00fang \u1edf g\u1ea7n Stonehenge cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 ai gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Stonehenge l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i b\u00ed \u1ea9n nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean h\u00e0nh tinh. Cho t\u1edbi nay v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ai \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e1 l\u1edbn \u0111\u00f3, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m g\u00ec. Ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00f2ng g\u1ed3m 30 kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e1 \u0111\u1ee9ng th\u1eb3ng (m\u1ed7i kh\u1ed1i n\u1eb7ng 25 t\u1ea5n), n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhau b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng thanh ngang, b\u00ean trong v\u00f2ng tr\u00f2n c\u00f2n c\u00f3 5 c\u1eb7p kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e1 c\u00f3 thanh ngang \u1edf tr\u00ean. Theo \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc, Stonehenge b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19 tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t v\u00e0o v\u00e0i tr\u0103m n\u0103m sau \u0111\u00f3. \u1ede c\u00e1c m\u1ecf \u0111\u00e1, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ee5c ra nh\u1eefng kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e1 l\u1edbn, sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u0103n ch\u00fang ho\u1eb7c ch\u1edf theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng. T\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00f4n xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea5t 1 m\u00e9t. \u0110\u00e1 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 2 lo\u1ea1i: nh\u1eefng kh\u1ed1i c\u1ee9ng ch\u1eafc \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra v\u00f2ng ngo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e1 m\u1ec1m h\u01a1n l\u1ea5y t\u1eeb c\u00e1c v\u1ec9a than v\u00e0 qu\u1eb7ng (do \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1 xanh), t\u1ea1o ra v\u00f2ng trong c\u1ee7a Stonehenge. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc cho bi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e1 xanh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5y t\u1eeb n\u00fai","Prezeli, n\u1eb1m c\u00e1ch Stonehenge kho\u1ea3ng 200 km, \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a, khi ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 d\u00e2y th\u1eebng v\u00e0 g\u1eady, \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i t\u1ed1n bao nhi\u00eau n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 sinh m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ec3 di chuy\u1ec3n ch\u00fang. C\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u00ean c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh b\u00ed \u1ea9n n\u00e0y. Gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft cho r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u00e0i h\u00e0nh tinh tham gia x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u00ean Stonehenge g\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd h\u01a1n c\u1ea3. Trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 t\u1eeb 3.000 \u0111\u1ebfn 1.500 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean, \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 tr\u00ean c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea3o c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc Anh xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh b\u00ed \u1ea9n, kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng g\u00ec h\u1ebft. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 hay nh\u00e0 th\u1edd, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e1 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh v\u1ebd r\u1ea5t chu\u1ea9n (th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n). Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng b\u1eb1ng ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft n\u00e0o ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf ch\u00ednh ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u00ean ch\u00fang, c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y l\u00e0m ch\u00fang ta li\u00ean t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 bay kh\u00f4ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh (\u0111\u0129a bay). Theo Khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 \u0110\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng B\u00ed m\u1eadt c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng \u201c\u0110i\u1ec3m ch\u1ebft\u201d C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng khu v\u1ef1c tr\u00ean tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \\\"\u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u1ebft\\\". T\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ec1 tr\u1ecdng l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n. Th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc xe ch\u1ea1y ngang qua \u0111\u1ed9t nhi\u00ean b\u1ecb m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1c v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh k\u00e9o \u0111i tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n, nh\u1eefng t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u v\u00f4 tuy\u1ebfn kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng... Hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u00ean. T\u1ea1i Mexico c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t khu v\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u1ebft thu\u1ed9c v\u00f9ng Chihuahua, bang Ceballos. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t hoang m\u1ea1c r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng b\u1ee5i c\u00e2y d\u1ea1i v\u00e0 x\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1ed3ng. Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng hoang m\u1ea1c kh\u00e1c, n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u r\u1eafn \u0111\u1ed9c v\u00e0 b\u1ecd c\u1ea1p sinh s\u1ed1ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1 l\u00e0 t\u1ea1i khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y, nh\u1eefng t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u v\u00f4 tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u1eb7t gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 do ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh tinh kh\u00e1c g\u00e2y ra. Theo ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 Santiago Garcia ngay t\u1eeb gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra nh\u1eefng t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y. Khi \u1ea5y, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb9p tr\u1eddi c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng h\u00f2n \u0111\u00e1 cu\u1ed9i n\u00f3ng t\u1eeb tr\u00ean tr\u1eddi r\u01a1i xu\u1ed1ng khu v\u1ef1c \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u1ebft. V\u00e0o n\u0103m 1930, m\u1ed9t phi c\u00f4ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Mexico t\u00ean l\u00e0 Francisco Sarabia th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o r\u1eb1ng m\u00e1y bay c\u1ee7a anh kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u radio khi bay qua khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y. Tuy v\u1eady, ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1970 th\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u1ebft m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i: M\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc t\u00ean l\u1eeda Athena \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00f3ng t\u1eeb c\u0103n c\u1ee9 t\u00ean l\u1eeda White Sand c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 khi bay qua v\u00f9ng n\u00e0y b\u1ed7ng nhi\u00ean b\u1ecb l\u1ec7ch qu\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ea1o bay m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 r\u01a1i xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea5t. Hai n\u0103m sau \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n tr\u00ean c\u1ee7a t\u00ean l\u1eeda \u0111\u1ea9y Saturn s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho t\u00e0u v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 Apollo c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 c\u0169ng b\u1ecb r\u01a1i khi bay ngang qua \u0111\u00e2y. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n sau khi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tra k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng. K\u1ef9 s\u01b0 Harry de la Pena l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1 g\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5u s\u00f3ng radio c\u1ee7a khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y. Pena v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p trong nh\u00f3m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y t\u1ea1i n\u01a1i n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c m\u00e1y v\u00f4 tuy\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 li\u00ean l\u1ea1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Cho t\u1edbi nay, t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u s\u00f3ng truy\u1ec1n h\u00ecnh c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1i Ceballos v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng ph\u1ee5 c\u1eadn. D\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1c h\u00fat t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m v\u00f4 hi\u1ec7u ho\u00e1 t\u1ea5t","c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i s\u00f3ng v\u00f4 tuy\u1ebfn truy\u1ec1n thanh v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n h\u00ecnh. K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb sau ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 Pena, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed5 v\u1ec1 khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y v\u1edbi mong mu\u1ed1n t\u00ecm ra l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p cho nh\u1eefng b\u00ed \u1ea9n tr\u00ean. Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Mexico th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n cho x\u00e2y m\u1ed9t trung t\u00e2m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ngay t\u1ea1i khu v\u1ef1c. M\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1 l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd, \u0110i\u1ec3m ch\u1ebft n\u1eb1m ngay tr\u00ean h\u1ea1 ch\u00ed tuy\u1ebfn v\u00e0 nam v\u0129 tuy\u1ebfn th\u1ee9 30, c\u00f9ng tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eb3ng h\u00e0ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c khu b\u00ed \u1ea9n kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 tam gi\u00e1c qu\u1ef7 Bermuda. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eadn m\u1eaft nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y \u0111\u0129a bay v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u00e0i h\u00e0nh tinh t\u1ea1i khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y. V\u00e0o n\u0103m 1976, m\u1ed9t du kh\u00e1ch ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee5p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c b\u1ee9c \u1ea3nh \u0111\u0129a bay \u0111\u1ed7 g\u1ea7n khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ed3i nam ch\u00e2m \u1edf \u0110i\u1ec3m ch\u1ebft. C\u00e1c b\u1ee9c \u1ea3nh cho th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 gi\u1ed1ng n\u1ed3i h\u1ea7m kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh 10 m ph\u00e1t \u00e1nh b\u1ea1c. Ngo\u00e0i nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1, t\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u1ebft \u1edf Chihuahua c\u00f2n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng t\u00e0n t\u00edch kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 m\u00e0 cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e0i thi\u00ean v\u0103n c\u1ed5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ebfp l\u00ean t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e1 cao 15 m, n\u1eb7ng 20 t\u1ea5n\/kh\u1ed1i. Ch\u00fang c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh g\u1ea7n gi\u1ed1ng nh\u1eefng c\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e1 \u1edf b\u00e3i \u0111\u00e1 c\u1ed5 Stonehenge n\u01b0\u1edbc Anh. M\u1ed9t thi\u00ean th\u1ea1ch r\u01a1i t\u1ea1i Chihuahua v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1959 c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac tinh th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 h\u1ec7 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi. Theo nh\u00e0 thi\u00ean v\u0103n h\u1ecdc Luis Maeda Villalobos, thi\u00ean th\u1ea1ch n\u00e0y c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i v\u1edbi v\u0169 tr\u1ee5, kho\u1ea3ng 13 t\u1ef7 n\u0103m tu\u1ed5i, trong khi h\u1ec7 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi m\u1edbi h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y 6 t\u1ef7 n\u0103m. Cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay, nh\u1eefng b\u00ed \u1ea9n xung quanh \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u1ebft nh\u01b0 \u0111\u0129a bay v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u00e0i h\u00e0nh tinh, hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng b\u00ed \u1ea9n, v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i tho\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e1ng. V\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc v\u1eabn \u0111ang ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Theo H\u1ed9i b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 TN-MT Vi\u1ec7t Nam B\u00ed m\u1eadt C\u1eeda M\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi \u1ede g\u00f3c T\u00e2y B\u1eafc Qu\u1ea3ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng Carachacha trong Th\u00e0nh Tiahuanaco c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c \u0111i\u00eau kh\u1eafc b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e1 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng l\u1edbn v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 C\u1eeda M\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi - L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng k\u1ef3 t\u00edch c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfng nh\u1ea5t \u0110\u1ea1i l\u1ee5c Nam M\u1ef9. C\u1eeda M\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi do m\u1ed9t t\u1ea3ng nham th\u1ea1ch c\u1ef1c l\u1edbn tr\u00ean n\u00fai t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh: cao 3,1m; r\u1ed9ng 3,96m v\u00e0 n\u1eb7ng h\u01a1n 10 t\u1ea5n. S\u1edf d\u0129 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta g\u1ecdi n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 C\u1eeda M\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi v\u00ec v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 21 th\u00e1ng 9, ti\u1ebft Thu ph\u00e2n h\u00e0ng n\u0103m, nh\u1eefng tia n\u1eafng b\u00ecnh minh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean lu\u00f4n chi\u1ebfu r\u1ecdi xu\u1ed1ng m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t \u1edf gi\u1eefa c\u1eeda \u0111\u00e1 n\u00e0y. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y C\u1eeda M\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, kh\u00f4ng ai l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb khu\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5c tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p h\u00f9ng v\u0129 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Tr\u00ean C\u1eeda M\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi c\u00f3 kh\u1eafc c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh v\u1ebd r\u1ea5t tinh x\u1ea3o, trong \u0111\u00f3 n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh v\u1ebd L\u1ecbch M\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi t\u00f4 \u0111i\u1ec3m tr\u00ean mi c\u1eeda theo chi\u1ec1u ngang. Ch\u00ednh gi\u1eefa C\u1eeda M\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi kh\u1eafc t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Phi th\u1ea7n (Th\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft bay). Theo truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft, \u00f4ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 th\u00e1nh nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 du nh\u1eadp c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0o Nam M\u1ef9. \u0110\u1ea7u b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ed9i v\u01b0\u01a1ng mi\u1ec7n v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng uy nghi\u00eam, trong tay c\u1ea7m g\u1eady t\u00f4 \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1edfi chim t\u1ecda s\u01a1n \u0111i\u00eau, th\u1ea7n s\u1eafc m\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea7n nghi\u00eam t\u00fac, 2 h\u00e0ng l\u1ec7 nh\u1ecf xu\u1ed1ng t\u1eeb kh\u00f3e m\u1eaft. \u0110\u1ee9ng h\u1ea7u 2 h\u00e0ng tr\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi Phi th\u1ea7n l\u00e0 c\u00e1c d\u0169ng s\u1ef9 oai phong. Ph\u1ea7n d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1ee7a L\u1ecbch M\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi kh\u1eafc","m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed3 h\u00ecnh, ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ebfp li\u00ean t\u1ee5c th\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh Kim T\u1ef1 Th\u00e1p. Ngo\u00e0i ra, \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f2n v\u1ebd v\u00f4 v\u00e0n c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3 \u00e1n v\u00e0 v\u0103n t\u1ef1, cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00e0m ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. \u0110\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u1eeda M\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta lu\u00f4n \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi: \\\"C\u01b0 d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Th\u00e0nh Tiahuanaco c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1ea1i sao ph\u1ea3i ki\u1ebfn t\u1ea1o c\u1eeda \u0111\u00e1 l\u1edbn nh\u01b0 v\u1eady?\\\". X\u00e9t t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3m tia n\u1eafng M\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean xuy\u00ean qua C\u1eeda M\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 ti\u1ebft Thu ph\u00e2n th\u00ec r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ecbch ph\u00e1p. R\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 cho r\u1eb1ng, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eafc tr\u00ean C\u1eeda M\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ecbch ph\u00e1p. Nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u n\u00e0y bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea1t l\u1ecbch ph\u00e1p nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Tiahuanaco l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c tia n\u1eafng M\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi v\u00e0o ti\u1ebft Thu ph\u00e2n v\u1edbi v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a C\u1eeda M\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi. Trong cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch \\\"Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a Tiahuanaco\\\", hai nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc Bellermi v\u00e0 Aluan \u0111\u00e3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u1ec9 m\u1ec9 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3 \u00e1n v\u00e0 k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a C\u1eeda M\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi. H\u1ecd cho r\u1eb1ng, ph\u00eda tr\u00ean c\u1ee7a C\u1eeda M\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ghi l\u1ea1i s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c thi\u00ean v\u0103n, s\u1edbm nh\u1ea5t 2.700 n\u0103m v\u1ec1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc, m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng tri th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o n\u00ean tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa l\u00e0m cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi: \\\"Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Tiahuanaco ti\u1ec1n s\u1eed l\u1ebd n\u00e0o l\u1ea1i t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u1edf m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 cao nh\u01b0 v\u1eady?\\\". Khi kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t C\u1eeda M\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 Hanke ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n th\u1ea5y tr\u00ean mi C\u1eeda M\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi c\u00f2n kh\u1eafc nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt th\u1eddi ti\u1ec1n s\u1eed k\u1ef3 d\u1ecb n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i \u00fd mu\u1ed1n. Lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt n\u00e0y c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh th\u1ec3 b\u00e9o t\u1ed1t, b\u1ed1n ch\u00e2n h\u01a1i th\u00f4, d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 n\u00f3 l\u00e0 lo\u00e0i t\u1ea1p giao gi\u1eefa h\u00e0 m\u00e3 v\u00e0 tr\u00e2u. Trong gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt ng\u00e0y nay, d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 t\u1eeb l\u00e2u \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt n\u00e0o gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 sinh v\u1eadt c\u1ed5 v\u1eeba nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn ra ngay lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt h\u00ecnh th\u00f9 ch\u1eadm ch\u1ea1p trong h\u00ecnh v\u1ebd l\u00e0 th\u00fa r\u0103ng h\u1edf - m\u1ed9t lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt th\u1eddi ti\u1ec1n s\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5: Th\u00fa r\u0103ng h\u1edf s\u1ed1ng t\u1eeb 1.600.000 \u0111\u1ebfn 12.000 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd n\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt thu\u1ed9c lo\u1ea1i l\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u01b0, c\u00f3 t\u1eadp t\u00ednh sinh ho\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng h\u00e0 m\u00e3 ng\u00e0y nay. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt c\u00f3 m\u00f3ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t \u1edf \u0111\u1ea1i l\u1ee5c ch\u00e2u M\u1ef9 \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi. Lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt n\u00e0y d\u00e0i kho\u1ea3ng 2,8m; cao 1,4m; c\u00f3 3 ng\u00f3n ch\u00e2n gi\u1ed1ng tr\u00e2u nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1eebng, gi\u1eefa r\u0103ng c\u1eeda c\u00f3 k\u1ebd h\u1edf l\u1edbn, do v\u1eady \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u00fa r\u0103ng h\u1edf. Nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 s\u1edbm b\u1ecb tuy\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng t\u1eeb 12.000 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Ng\u00e0y nay, nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ec1 lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt n\u00e0y l\u00e0 t\u1eeb c\u00e1c h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n. V\u1eady, t\u1ea1i sao lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt th\u1eddi ti\u1ec1n s\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ebd tr\u00ean C\u1eeda M\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi? C\u00f3 h\u01a1n 47 ch\u1ed7 tr\u00ean mi C\u1eeda M\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111i\u00eau kh\u1eafc h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a th\u00fa r\u0103ng h\u1edf. Lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt x\u1ea5u x\u00ed n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean C\u1eeda M\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi m\u00e0 c\u00f2n th\u1ea5y ch\u00fang v\u1ebd \u1edf b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 n\u01a1i n\u00e0o tr\u00ean c\u00e1c m\u1ea3nh g\u1ed1m v\u1ee1 c\u00f9ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i, tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111i\u00eau kh\u1eafc v\u1eabn c\u00f2n c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh th\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.","Th\u1ef1c ra, c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh v\u1ebd \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i tr\u00ean C\u1eeda M\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 Feijin ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t lo\u00e0i th\u00fa r\u0103ng h\u1edf. Tr\u00ean c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh v\u1ebd \u1edf C\u1eeda M\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi c\u00f2n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt m\u1ecdc ng\u00e0 v\u00e0 m\u0169i d\u00e0i nh\u01b0 voi. Ng\u00e0y nay, lo\u00e0i voi l\u1edbn \u1edf Nam M\u1ef9 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb di\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng. Nh\u01b0ng theo c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, \u1edf th\u1eddi ti\u1ec1n s\u1eed, ch\u00e2u Nam M\u1ef9 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 lo\u00e0i voi c\u00f3 t\u00ean khoa h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 Juxiak. Ch\u00fang thu\u1ed9c lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt m\u0169i d\u00e0i, sinh s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t \u1edf khu v\u1ef1c Tiahuanaco, \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00eda Nam m\u1ea1ch n\u00fai Altis. Nh\u01b0ng lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt n\u00e0y c\u0169ng s\u1edbm b\u1ecb ti\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng t\u1eeb kho\u1ea3ng 1 v\u1ea1n n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean. Lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb ti\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng t\u1eeb kho\u1ea3ng h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t v\u1ea1n n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf Th\u00e0nh c\u1ed5 Tiahuanaco th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec? N\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng minh nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng th\u00e0nh Tiahuanaco th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt n\u00e0y, lo\u00e0i voi th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o tr\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1ebd n\u00ean c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u00fa r\u0103ng h\u1edf tr\u00ean C\u1eeda M\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi. Do v\u1eady, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra ph\u00e1n \u0111o\u00e1n, ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng th\u00e0nh Tiahuanaco v\u00e0 C\u1eeda M\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 mu\u1ed9n h\u01a1n t\u1eeb cu\u1ed1i th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 canh t\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1edbc 1 v\u1ea1n n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean. Nh\u01b0ng Kim T\u1ef1 Th\u00e1p Ai c\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng kho\u1ea3ng 2.600 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh Sumer s\u1edbm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb 3.300 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean. L\u1ecbch s\u1eed lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi di c\u01b0 \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00e2u M\u1ef9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1 t\u00ednh kho\u1ea3ng 1 v\u1ea1n n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean m\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00e2u M\u1ef9 l\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng mu\u1ed9n h\u01a1n. V\u1eady 12.000 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, ai l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u00ean th\u00e0nh Tiahuanaco h\u00f9ng v\u0129 v\u00e0 C\u1eeda M\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng k\u1ef3 di\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f3, trong khi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi v\u1eabn trong c\u1ea3nh m\u00f4mg mu\u1ed9i t\u1ed1i t\u0103m? \u0110i\u1ec1u c\u00e0ng l\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta nghi ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 C\u1eeda M\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi - M\u1ed9t ki\u1ec7t t\u00e1c ng\u00e0y nay kh\u00f4ng g\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u00e1nh k\u1ecbp l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 tr\u00ean mi c\u1eeda l\u1ed9 r\u00f5 nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh v\u1ebd c\u00f2n dang d\u1edf. Kh\u00f4ng l\u1ebd, \u0111\u1ed9t nhi\u00ean c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u00eau kh\u1eafc b\u1ed7ng d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i? V\u1eady n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y b\u1ed5ng x\u1ea3y ra s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec hay \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tai n\u1ea1n b\u1ed7ng nhi\u00ean \u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn? C\u1eeda M\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi (Th\u00e1i D\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00f4n) - C\u00e1nh c\u1eeda th\u1ea7n b\u00ed - C\u1eeda c\u1ee7a tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7. H.T (Theo N\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh c\u1ed5 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi) B\u00ed m\u1eadt ti\u1ebfng g\u1ecdi l\u00fac m\u1edd s\u00e1ng \u0110\u00e3 h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ng, Anna Bray, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef \u0111\u1ed9c th\u00e2n 30 tu\u1ed5i, s\u1ed1ng t\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Manchester (Anh) nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u r\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 qu\u1eb7c trong gi\u1ea5c m\u01a1 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. C\u00f4 th\u1ea5y trong m\u01a1 r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 ai \u0111\u00f3 th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng l\u1ea1i th\u00ec th\u1ea7m v\u00e0o tai c\u00f4: \\\"D\u1eady \u0111i, d\u1eady \u0111i Anna\\\". C\u00f4 li\u1ec1n tr\u1edf d\u1eady, ch\u00e2n tay c\u00f3 v\u1ebb ch\u1edbi v\u1edbi r\u1ea5t l\u1ea1. Ti\u1ebfng g\u1ecdi \u1ea5y r\u00f5 l\u1eafm. Anna kh\u00f4ng nghe nh\u1ea7m v\u00e0 d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 ti\u1ebfng th\u00ec th\u1ea7m \u1ea5y ph\u00e1t ra t\u1eeb ph\u00eda t\u01b0\u1eddng b\u00ean trong ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u1eeb ph\u00eda c\u1eeda s\u1ed5. L\u1ebd ra Anna kh\u00f4ng l\u01b0u t\u00e2m nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec7n n\u00e0y n\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 khi t\u1ec9nh d\u1eady kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec x\u1ea3y ra. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 t\u00e2m l\u00fd \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng minh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9c th\u00e2n th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 \u1ea3o gi\u00e1c v\u00e0 nghe \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c","nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfng g\u1ecdi t\u00ean m\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 v\u1eady trong m\u01a1. Nh\u01b0ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a Anna c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u1ea5y r\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 qu\u1eb7c. Khi t\u1ec9nh d\u1eady, c\u00f4 l\u1ea1i th\u1ea5y ch\u0103n m\u00e0n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ea5p l\u1ea1i g\u1ecdn g\u00e0ng; b\u00ecnh n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1 v\u00e0ng trong v\u1eaft nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 ai \u0111\u00f3 v\u1eeba thay n\u01b0\u1edbc; b\u1ed9 qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o c\u00f4ng s\u1edf \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 g\u1ecdn g\u00e0ng v\u00e0 treo tr\u00ean m\u1eafc; c\u1eeda s\u1ed5 th\u00ec m\u1edf toang ra... \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c m\u00e0 c\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m m\u1ed7i khi th\u1ee9c d\u1eady. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn Anna kh\u00f4ng kh\u1ecfi lo \u00e2u. Ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng c\u00f3 ai \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ebbn v\u00e0o ph\u00f2ng khi c\u00f4 \u0111ang ng\u1ee7 say v\u00e0 l\u00e0m h\u1ebft t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3? Th\u1eadt l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ed5 t\u00edch. Anna c\u00e0ng h\u00e3i h\u00f9ng h\u01a1n khi ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 do c\u00f4 b\u1ea1n th\u00e2n Brige tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 l\u00e0m gi\u00fap c\u00f4 nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3. Brige \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft trong m\u1ed9t tai n\u1ea1n xe h\u01a1i t\u1eeb l\u00e2u. N\u1ed7i s\u1ee3 n\u00e0y ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c \u00e1m \u1ea3nh v\u00e0o gi\u1ea5c ng\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a Anna v\u00e0 c\u00f4 nghe th\u1ea5y ch\u00ednh Brige g\u1ecdi m\u00ecnh. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng Anna t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c b\u00e1c s\u0129 t\u00e2m l\u00fd. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta cho r\u1eb1ng Anna b\u1ecb \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u1ea5t n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Brige n\u00ean t\u00e2m l\u00fd b\u1ecb r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n, tr\u00ed nh\u1edb c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m. Nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t khi Anna t\u1ec9nh d\u1eady r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 c\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m v\u00e0o bu\u1ed5i t\u1ed1i. Anna qu\u1ea3 quy\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng, c\u00f4 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd thay b\u00ecnh n\u01b0\u1edbc nu\u00f4i c\u00e1 v\u00e0ng v\u00e0o bu\u1ed5i t\u1ed1i. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f4 th\u00fa nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng m\u00ecnh c\u0169ng l\u00e0 qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111i ng\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 bu\u1ed5i s\u00e1ng c\u00f3 th\u1eddi gian ng\u1ee7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mu\u1ed9n h\u01a1n. C\u00e1c b\u00e1c s\u0129 gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh r\u1eb1ng Anna \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n tr\u00ed nh\u1edb v\u00ec c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n m\u00ecnh. Ch\u00ednh c\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i c\u00f9ng Brige tr\u00ean chi\u1ebfc xe \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0ng may m\u1eafn tho\u00e1t ch\u1ebft. \u0110\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh nh\u1eefng \u00e1m \u1ea3nh \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c b\u00e1c s\u0129 khuy\u00ean c\u00f4 kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean ng\u1ee7 m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh. Anna g\u1ecdi \u0111i\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t c\u00f4 b\u1ea1n g\u00e1i \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u1ee7 c\u00f9ng. \u0110\u00eam \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n th\u1ee9c khuya n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n. H\u00f4m \u0111\u00f3 Anna ch\u00ecm v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea5c ng\u1ee7 s\u00e2u v\u00e0 s\u00e1ng d\u1eady, c\u00f4 th\u1ea5y r\u1ea5t vui khi nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c bu\u1ed5i s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u1eabn c\u00f2n nguy\u00ean, qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o v\u1eabn v\u1eaft tr\u00ean \u0111i v\u0103ng, b\u00ecnh n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1 v\u00e0ng v\u1eabn \u0111\u1ee5c ng\u1ea7u... Nh\u01b0ng m\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c l\u1ea1i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o \u0111\u00eam th\u1ee9 ba. C\u00f4 b\u1ea1n v\u1eabn ng\u1ee7 c\u00f9ng. Anna l\u1ea1i m\u01a1 th\u1ea5y ti\u1ebfng ai \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec th\u1ea7m g\u1ecdi m\u00ecnh trong gi\u1ea5c ng\u1ee7 v\u00e0 s\u00e1ng h\u00f4m sau qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u201cai \u0111\u00f3\u201d l\u00e0 s\u1eb5n. Anna l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn b\u00e1c s\u0129. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta khuy\u00ean c\u00f4 c\u1ee9 tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 ng\u1ee7 b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch ch\u1eefa tr\u1ecb kh\u00e1c. \u0110\u00eam h\u00f4m \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c b\u00e1c s\u0129 c\u1eed ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00ed m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ebfn theo d\u00f5i ph\u00f2ng ng\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a Anna. C\u0103n ph\u00f2ng ch\u00ecm trong \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng l\u1edd m\u1edd, h\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a ng\u1ecdn \u0111\u00e8n ng\u1ee7. Anna Bray v\u00e0 c\u00f4 b\u1ea1n v\u1eabn \u0111ang ng\u1ee7 say. Tr\u00ean chi\u1ebfc gi\u01b0\u1eddng r\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u g\u1ed1i nh\u1ecf. C\u1eeda s\u1ed5 m\u1edf h\u00e9. B\u1ea7u tr\u1eddi \u0111\u00eam y\u00ean t\u0129nh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 sao. \u0110\u00e3 h\u01a1n ba gi\u1edd s\u00e1ng, c\u1eeda s\u1ed5 ph\u00f2ng Anna kh\u1ebd rung rinh. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec h\u1ebft. N\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u1ecdn gi\u00f3 bu\u1ed5i s\u00e1ng kh\u1ebd l\u00f9a v\u00e0o ph\u00f2ng. \u0110\u1ed9t nhi\u00ean Anna tr\u1edf d\u1eady. C\u00f4 kh\u1ebd kh\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f4 b\u1ea1n \u0111ang ng\u1ee7 say.","C\u00f4 b\u1eadt \u0111\u00e8n l\u00ean, u\u1ec3 o\u1ea3i v\u01b0\u01a1n vai r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ea9y r\u1ed9ng c\u00e1nh c\u1eeda s\u1ed5 ra c\u00f4 \u0111i v\u00e0o ph\u00f2ng t\u1eafm. M\u1ed9t l\u00e1t sau, Anna tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i ph\u00f2ng, c\u00f4 l\u1ea5y b\u00e0n l\u00e0 l\u00e0 qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o c\u00f4ng s\u1edf r\u1ed3i v\u1eaft ch\u00fang l\u00ean m\u1eafc, sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111i thay n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00ecnh c\u00e1 v\u00e0ng. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng Anna x\u1ebfp l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc g\u1ed1i c\u00f2n th\u1eeba tr\u00ean gi\u01b0\u1eddng, tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f4 b\u1ea1n \u0111ang ng\u1ee7. Xong vi\u1ec7c, Anna l\u1ea1i n\u1eb1m xu\u1ed1ng gi\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 ng\u1ee7 ti\u1ebfp. Ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n n\u00e0y khi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c b\u00e1c s\u0129 r\u1ea5t kinh ng\u1ea1c. H\u1ecd quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u00ed m\u1eadt c\u1eed nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn quan s\u00e1t v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn g\u1ea7n h\u01a1n n\u1eefa c\u0103n ph\u00f2ng c\u1ee7a Anna. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, sau khi \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e1o cho c\u1ea3nh s\u00e1t bi\u1ebft, m\u1ed9t b\u00e1c s\u0129 \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch l\u1ecdt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0o ph\u00f2ng ng\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a Anna v\u00e0 n\u1ea5p \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i. Anh ta nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng Anna tr\u1edf d\u1eady, m\u1eaft nh\u1eafm nghi\u1ec1n nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c c\u1eed \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. C\u00f4 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, \u0111i l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 va v\u1ea5p v\u00e0o c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1eadt trong ph\u00f2ng. Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed ngay c\u1ea3 khi t\u1eeb ph\u00f2ng t\u1eafm b\u01b0\u1edbc ra, Anna c\u0169ng v\u1eabn nh\u1eafm nghi\u1ec1n m\u1eaft. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a Anna c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n gi\u1ed1ng b\u1ec7nh m\u1ed9ng du. Nh\u01b0ng \u1edf nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ed9ng du th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ee9ng d\u1eady v\u00e0 \u0111i \u0111\u1ee9ng loanh quanh m\u1ed9t h\u1ed3i r\u1ed3i l\u1ea1i n\u1eb1m xu\u1ed1ng ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111i r\u1ea5t l\u00e2u, l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec1u vi\u1ec7c, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed l\u00e0m c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00ean th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 m\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c t\u1eafm gi\u1eb7t n\u1eefa. C\u00e1c b\u00e1c s\u0129 t\u00e2m l\u00fd x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng Anna kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p duy nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf v\u00f9ng n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n k\u1ec1 c\u1ea1nh th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 London (Anh) c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 t\u00ean l\u00e0 Merey, 34 tu\u1ed5i v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 kh\u00e1c t\u00ean l\u00e0 Dlune \u1edf New York, M\u1ef9... Kho\u1ea3ng h\u01a1n ch\u1ee5c ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 Anna xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 Anh. \u0110i\u1ec1u l\u1ea1 l\u00f9ng l\u00e0 h\u1ecd gi\u1ed1ng nhau \u1edf \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m: s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9c th\u00e2n v\u00e0 t\u1eeb ba m\u01b0\u01a1i tu\u1ed5i tr\u1edf l\u00ean. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t h\u01a1n n\u1eefa l\u00e0 m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111\u00e3 nhi\u1ec1u tu\u1ed5i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, l\u1ea1i s\u1ed1ng trong m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ea7y nh\u1eefng c\u00e1m d\u1ed7 d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i v\u1eabn gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ebfu n\u1eef. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd ng\u1ee7 v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng n\u00e0o c\u1ea3. M\u1ed9ng du hay khao kh\u00e1t t\u00ecnh y\u00eau? Theo c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eafc b\u1ec7nh m\u1ed9ng du th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9t nhi\u00ean v\u00f9ng d\u1eady, v\u1eeba \u0111i \u0111i l\u1ea1i l\u1ea1i, v\u1eeba nh\u1eafm m\u1eaft v\u00e0 l\u1ea3m nh\u1ea3m th\u00e0nh l\u1eddi nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3. Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y l\u00e0 do m\u1ed9t d\u00e2y th\u1ea7n kinh th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ecb k\u00edch \u0111\u1ed9ng, th\u1ee9c d\u1eady tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ea7n kinh \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n \u00fd th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Do v\u1eady, ch\u00e2n tay con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1eed \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u00f4 th\u1ee9c trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u00fd ki\u1ebfn tr\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 t\u00e2m l\u00fd cho","r\u1eb1ng tr\u00ed nh\u1edb c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh qu\u00e1 linh ho\u1ea1t v\u00e0 nh\u1ea1y b\u00e9n cho n\u00ean ghi nh\u1edb qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng sinh ho\u1ea1t. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 v\u1eady, m\u1ed9ng du v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh vi b\u00ed \u1ea9n, v\u00f4 \u00fd th\u1ee9c m\u00e0 gi\u1edbi khoa h\u1ecdc v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eb7n k\u1ebd r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng... C\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ed9ng du l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 r\u1ed3i n\u1eb1m xu\u1ed1ng ng\u1ee7. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111a s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1t, ho\u1eb7c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed5 ra s\u00e0n ho\u1eb7c qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o b\u1ecb l\u00e0 ch\u00e1y. Khi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u1ed9ng du, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n c\u00f4ng n\u0103ng n\u00e3o. Th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u01b0\u1eddng khi ng\u1ee7, c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t \u201ckho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng\u201d ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n c\u00e1c t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u t\u1eeb n\u00e3o truy\u1ec1n xu\u1ed1ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u01a1 b\u1eafp, gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta n\u1eb1m y\u00ean. Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o \u201ckho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng\u201d n\u00e0y b\u1ecb kh\u1ee7ng kho\u1ea3ng, r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n th\u00ec s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb m\u1ed9ng du. \u0110a s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n m\u1ed9ng du th\u01b0\u1eddng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf l\u1ee9a tu\u1ed5i d\u1eady th\u00ec, v\u00e0 sau khi tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh th\u00ec kh\u1ecfi b\u1ec7nh. Ch\u00ednh th\u1ebf m\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc kh\u00f3 chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eefng b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 qua tu\u1ed5i 30 nh\u01b0 Anna. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u l\u1eadp h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 t\u00e2m l\u00fd v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh n\u00e0y v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn ra m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t: h\u1ecd ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y th\u00edch th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi m\u00ecnh. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m y t\u1ebf cho th\u1ea5y, h\u1ecd ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u1ecfe m\u1ea1nh, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c d\u1ecb t\u1eadt b\u1ea9m sinh. Th\u1eddi gian \u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ecbnh (sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c quan s\u00e1t t\u1eeb b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i) khi h\u1ecd nghe ti\u1ebfng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng h\u01a1n ba gi\u1edd s\u00e1ng. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian gi\u1ea5c ng\u1ee7 s\u00e2u nh\u1ea5t, v\u00e0 \u201ctr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ng\u1ee7\u201d c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee9c cao nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. \u0110\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 chi\u1ebfc ch\u00eca kho\u00e1 b\u00ed \u1ea9n \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1edf c\u00e1nh c\u1eeda c\u0103n b\u1ec7nh n\u00e0y. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc cho r\u1eb1ng, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng y\u00eau, ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t khao kh\u00e1t th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c gi\u1edbi, th\u00ec trong h\u1ecd lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t n\u1ed7i lo \u00e2u c\u00f4 \u0111\u01a1n th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ef1c. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y lu\u00f4n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c mau m\u1eafn v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 s\u1ee3 h\u1ebft th\u1eddi gian. V\u00e0 c\u0169ng b\u1edfi n\u1ed7i lo \u00e2u c\u00f4i c\u00fat n\u00e0y m\u00e0 t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n h\u1ecd sinh ra m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t; h\u1ecd s\u1ee3 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c hay m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. T\u1ea1i sao l\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady? \u1ede nh\u1eefng ng\u1eddi b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng, t\u00ecnh y\u00eau l\u00e0m cho h\u1ecd c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c can \u0111\u1ea3m v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 tin k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1. S\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 tin n\u00e0y n\u1eb1m ngay trong ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng ng\u1ea7n ng\u1ea1i khi ph\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u201cphi\u00eau l\u01b0u\u201d trong m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c s\u1ed1ng n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 b\u1edfi v\u00ec h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u201cph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c\u201d r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0o ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Nh\u01b0ng \u1edf nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u00f4 \u0111\u01a1n, ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng y\u00eau th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c \u0111\u00f3. Anna n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng sau ti\u1ebfng g\u1ecdi, \\\"Anna d\u1eady \u0111i, d\u1eady \u0111i\u201d, ch\u00e2n tay c\u00f4 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c r\u1ea5t ch\u1edbi v\u1edbi. C\u00f4 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y \u0111i hay l\u00e0 bay m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee9 m\u1ec1m nh\u0169n v\u00e0 x\u00ea d\u1ecbch v\u00f4","\u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i v\u00f2ng tr\u00f2n l\u1edbn. Th\u1ebf r\u1ed3i khi g\u1ea7n ch\u1ea1m v\u00e0o c\u00e1i v\u00f2ng l\u1edbn \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec c\u00f4 gi\u1eadt m\u00ecnh, t\u1ec9nh d\u1eady. \u0110i\u1ec1u khi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc kinh ng\u1ea1c l\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n m\u1ed9ng du th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nh\u1edb nh\u1eefng g\u00ec di\u1ec5n ra trong gi\u1ea5c ng\u1ee7. \u0110\u1eb1ng n\u00e0y, Anna l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c \u201cch\u1edbi v\u1edbi\u201d. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i r\u1eb1ng, Anna v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 c\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ed3n t\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 v\u00f4 th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00ecnh \\\"\u0111i\\\" \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f9ng m\u1ecdi c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c s\u1ed1ng. Do v\u1eady, c\u00e1i ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 v\u00f4 th\u1ee9c \u1ea5y v\u1eabn \u201cth\u1ee9c\u201d ngay c\u1ea3 khi gi\u1ea5c ng\u1ee7 k\u00e9o \u0111\u1ebfn. C\u00e1i ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u201ck\u1ebb canh ch\u1eebng\u201d m\u1ecdi h\u00e0nh vi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Khi gi\u1ea5c ng\u1ee7 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ea7n v\u1ec1 s\u00e1ng, c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u201ctr\u00f4i\u201d d\u1ea7n v\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ec3m \u201cng\u1ee7\u201d vi\u00ean m\u00e3n nh\u1ea5t. \u201cK\u1ebb canh ch\u1eebng\u201d l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c ng\u0103n l\u1ea1i, kh\u00f4ng cho gi\u1ea5c ng\u1ee7 vi\u00ean m\u00e3n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u1ea1o ra ti\u1ebfng g\u1ecdi. Khi gi\u1ea5c ng\u1ee7 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean b\u1ecb ch\u1eb7n l\u1ea1i kh\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ec9nh \u0111i\u1ec3m vi\u00ean m\u00e3n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd r\u01a1i v\u00e0o tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i n\u1eeda th\u1ee9c n\u1eeda ng\u1ee7. M\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u s\u1ebd truy\u1ec1n xu\u1ed1ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u01a1 b\u1eafp. V\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u1ea5y s\u1ebd l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c quen thu\u1ed9c, \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i trong m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ch\u01b0a th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u00ean, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd r\u1eb1ng, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u1ecfi khi h\u1ecd c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng trong \u0111\u1eddi. T\u00ecnh y\u00eau hay s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng chung v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c gi\u1edbi s\u1ebd gi\u00fap cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 s\u1ed1ng t\u1ef1 tin h\u01a1n. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129a r\u1ea5t \u201cth\u1ef1c d\u1ee5ng\u201d c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh y\u00eau nh\u01b0ng r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9c th\u00e2n n\u00ean bi\u1ebft. L\u00ea T\u1ea5t \u0110\u1eafc Theo C\u00f4ng an nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n B\u00ed m\u1eadt v\u1ec1 b\u1ee9c h\u1ecda c\u1ed5 trong huy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u00e2u \u00dac Ngo\u00e0i ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, ch\u00e2u Phi v\u00e0 ch\u00e2u M\u1ef9, nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra nh\u1eefng m\u1eabu h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch, tranh v\u1ebd tr\u00ean t\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eddi ti\u1ec1n s\u1eed \u1edf Australia. C\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c b\u00edch h\u1ecda n\u00e0y c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh th\u00f9 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t k\u1ef3 qu\u00e1i, n\u00f3 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1ee9c h\u1ecda vi\u1ec5n c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a \u1edf c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 mang \u0111\u1ea7y s\u1eafc th\u00e1i th\u1ea7n b\u00ed. Trong m\u1ed9t huy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf Kimberleys n\u01b0\u1edbc Australia, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c b\u00edch h\u1ecda th\u1eddi c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i tr\u00f4ng r\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 qu\u00e1i. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng tr\u00ean b\u1ee9c h\u1ecda l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u00f4ng gi\u00e0 m\u1eb7c \u00e1o b\u00e0o d\u00e0i, \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed9i m\u0169 s\u1eaft tr\u00f2n, tr\u00ean m\u0169 s\u1eaft ch\u1ec9 l\u1ed9 ra hai con m\u1eaft tr\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u0169 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 du h\u00e0nh v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 l\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y di\u1ec7n m\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. Tr\u00ean b\u1ee9c h\u1ecda vi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng v\u0103n t\u1ef1 m\u00e0 ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 ai nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ph\u00eda tr\u00ean c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt n\u00e0y v\u1ebd 62 v\u00f2ng tr\u00f2n nh\u1ecf chia l\u00e0m 3 h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng theo quy t\u1eafc n\u00e0o c\u1ea3, h\u00e0ng g\u1ea7n b\u00ean tr\u00e1i nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 21 v\u00f2ng tr\u00f2n nh\u1ecf, h\u00e0ng gi\u1eefa c\u00f3 24 v\u00f2ng tr\u00f2n","nh\u1ecf, h\u00e0ng g\u1ea7n nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt nh\u1ea5t ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 17 v\u00f2ng tr\u00f2n nh\u1ecf.V\u1eady nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt tr\u00ean b\u1ee9c b\u00edch h\u1ecda l\u00e0 ai? C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thi\u00ean th\u1ea7n nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ee5c s\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng ta l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng thi\u00ean th\u1ea7n m\u00e0 gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t phi c\u00f4ng v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 trong ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft khoa h\u1ecdc vi\u1ec5n t\u01b0\u1edfng. Trong \u0111\u1ed9ng nham th\u1ea1ch \u1edf tr\u00ean n\u00fai Ailen, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 c\u0169ng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1ee9c h\u1ecda tr\u00ean v\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng k\u1ef3 qu\u00e1i. Di\u1ec7n t\u00edch c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c h\u1ecda n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn, m\u00e0u s\u1eafc s\u1eb7c s\u1ee1, tr\u00ean \u0111\u00f3 v\u1ebd r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh th\u00f9 k\u1ef3 qu\u00e1i, th\u00e2n cao kho\u1ea3ng 6m, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 mi\u1ec7ng nh\u01b0ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng s\u1ee3i r\u00e2u quay v\u1ec1 4 h\u01b0\u1edbng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 l\u1ebd bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng ph\u00e1t ra t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u h\u1ecd. \u1ede nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a Australia, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u0169ng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c b\u00edch h\u1ecda x\u01b0a t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u00eau kh\u1eafc b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e9t r\u1ea5t tinh t\u1ebf m\u00e0 b\u00ed \u1ea9n khi\u1ebfn cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 ph\u1ea3i m\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u tr\u00ed l\u1ef1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u. C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho r\u1eb1ng, nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y l\u00e0 ki\u1ec7t t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u00e0i h\u00e0nh tinh. C\u0169ng c\u00f3 b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn kh\u00e1c l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd v\u1edbi c\u00e1ch n\u00f3i n\u00e0y. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e1p \u00e1n s\u00e1t th\u1ef1c nh\u00e1t l\u00e0 g\u00ec? th\u00ec ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 ai tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. H.T (Theo N\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh c\u1ed5 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi) B\u00ed m\u1eadt v\u1ec1 c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 du h\u00e0nh v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 Gagarin Tr\u00ean t\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i\u1ec7n Kremli tr\u01b0\u1edbc Qu\u1ea3ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ecf, an t\u00e1ng thi h\u00e0i c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 du h\u00e0nh v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi Iuri Gagarin ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, \u00f4ng Xi\u00ear\u00eachin. T\u1ea1i n\u01a1i m\u00e1y bay h\u1ecd r\u01a1i xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea5t, c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m bia k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m to cao. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc bia \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea7y hoa t\u01b0\u01a1i. H\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1edbi \u0111\u00f3. H\u1ecd cung k\u00ednh t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1edb ng\u01b0\u1eddi chi\u1ebfn s\u0129 \u01b0u t\u00fa chinh ph\u1ee5c v\u0169 tr\u1ee5, anh h\u00f9ng Gagarin. T\u00ean tu\u1ed5i s\u00e1ng ng\u1eddi v\u1ee7a Gagarin, in \u0111\u1eadm trong t\u00e2m tr\u00ed m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n g\u00ec m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng h\u00ecnh dung \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ebb hi\u00ean ngang t\u1ef1 do c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng trong phi thuy\u1ec1n v\u0169 tr\u1ee5. Nh\u00e0 du h\u00e0nh v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 \u01b0u t\u00fa nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, trong con t\u00e0u v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 th\u00ec b\u00ecnh an v\u00f4 s\u1ef1 m\u00e0 tr\u00ean m\u00e1y bay l\u1ea1i b\u1ecb ch\u1ebft m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u. B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u th\u00e1ng ba n\u0103m 1968, Gagarin l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c vi\u1ec7c t\u1eadp luy\u1ec7n, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u bay m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh. Theo k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch, t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y 13 th\u00e1ng ba \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y 22 th\u00e1ng n\u0103m \u00f4ng s\u1ebd bay tr\u00ean m\u00e1y bay ti\u00eam k\u00edch hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n Mic-15 trong 18 l\u1ea7n, t\u1ed5ng c\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n 7 ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3. Ng\u00e0y 27 th\u00e1ng ba, Gagarin s\u1ebd bay v\u00f2ng hai l\u1ea7n, m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n 39 ph\u00fat. 9 gi\u1edd 15 ph\u00fat, \u00f4ng v\u00e0 Xi\u00ear\u00eachin ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00fac bay, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 do Xi\u00ear\u00eachin l\u00e0m, v\u00e0 do Gagarin k\u00fd t\u00ean trong nh\u1eadt k\u00fd bay h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y khi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd. C\u00f4ng t\u00e1c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb bay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh theo \u0111\u00fang y\u00eau c\u1ea7u thao t\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh. H\u1ecd nh\u1eadn b\u00e1o c\u00e1o k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb c\u1ea5t c\u00e1nh, r\u1ed3i l\u1ea1i ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh ki\u1ec3m tra k\u1ef9 m\u00e1y bay, v\u00e0 k\u00fd t\u00ean v\u00e0o s\u1ed5 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb bay. Sau \u0111\u00f3 Gagarin ng\u1ed3i v\u00e0o khoang l\u00e1i ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc Xi\u00ear\u00eachin ng\u1ed3i ph\u00eda sau \u00f4ng. 10","gi\u1edd 19 ph\u00fat, m\u00e1y bay c\u1ea5t c\u00e1nh bay v\u00e0o b\u1ea7u tr\u1eddi. M\u00e1y bay c\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng l\u00ean cao, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng bay tr\u00ean d\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng trung \u1edf t\u1ea7ng m\u00e2y th\u1ee9 hai. \u0110\u1ebfn 10 gi\u1edd 30 Gagarin b\u00e1o c\u00e1o cho tr\u1ea1m ch\u1ec9 huy bay v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong v\u00f9ng tr\u1eddi, th\u1ec9nh th\u1ecb xin ph\u00e9p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0\u1ee3n tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i 320 \u0111\u1ed9. Gagarin v\u1eabn l\u00e1i m\u00e1y bay m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb l\u01b0\u1ee3n v\u00f2ng t\u1eeb 70 \u0111\u1ed9 sang 320 \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec3 xu\u1ed1ng th\u1ea5p. M\u00e1y bay \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ed1ng t\u1ea7ng m\u00e2y ph\u00eda d\u01b0\u1edbi, g\u00f3c nghi\u00eang m\u00e1y bay \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi 70 \u0111\u1ebfn 90 \u0111\u1ed9, r\u1ed3i m\u00e1y bay d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 b\u1ed5 xu\u1ed1ng theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng. C\u00e1ch m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n 250 \u0111\u1ebfn 300 m\u00e9t n\u1eefa, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n trong th\u1eddi gian 2 gi\u00e2y \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3, hai phi c\u00f4ng v\u1eabn gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea5n t\u0129nh, kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 hoang mang r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n. H\u1ecd ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u1edbi nhau, c\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0a m\u00e1y bay ra kh\u1ecfi tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i b\u1ed5 nh\u00e0o th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng. L\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 10 gi\u1edd 31 ph\u00fat, m\u1ea5t th\u00f4ng tin v\u00f4 tuy\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 1 ph\u00fat v\u00e0 tai n\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra. V\u1ec1 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n x\u1ea3y ra tai n\u1ea1n n\u00e0y, l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng l\u1eadp ra m\u1ed9t \u1ee6y ban chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tra. Sau khi tai n\u1ea1n x\u1ea3y ra, hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u01a1i m\u00e1y bay r\u01a1i l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c C\u01a1 quan h\u1eefu quan phong t\u1ecfa, c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ch\u1ee5p \u1ea3nh \u0111o \u0111\u1ea1c, thu l\u01b0\u1ee3m to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 nh\u1eefng b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn v\u00e0 m\u1ea3nh v\u1ee5n x\u00e1c m\u00e1y bay \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, h\u1ecd c\u00f2n th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp nh\u00f3m chuy\u00ean gia gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ecbnh khoa h\u1ecdc k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt. V\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 tai n\u1ea1n \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec1u r\u1ea5t quan t\u00e2m. \u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y kinh ng\u1ea1c qu\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed7i: Gagarin l\u00e1i m\u00e1y bay m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 tai n\u1ea1n x\u1ea3y ra! Ti\u1ebfp sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y kh\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u. L\u00e0m sao l\u1ea1i th\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c? M\u1ed9t phi c\u00f4ng t\u00e0i gi\u1ecfi nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. C\u00f9ng v\u1edbi qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec1u tra, m\u1ecdi k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra: \u0110i\u1ec1u tra vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n phi c\u00f4ng, c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c an to\u00e0n bay v\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb bay, ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh theo \u0111\u00fang y\u00eau c\u1ea7u r\u1ea5t nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t. \u0110i\u1ec1u tra t\u00ednh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady c\u1ee7a trang thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u00f9ng t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh thao t\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n, k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn l\u00e0: C\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb tr\u00ean m\u00e1y bay kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 b\u1ecb h\u01b0 h\u1ea1i; Kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n th\u1ea5y tr\u1ee5c tr\u1eb7c g\u00ec trong khi bay. M\u00e1y bay kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb b\u1ed1c ch\u00e1y, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb n\u1ed5. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00f2ng ch\u00e1y khi bay tr\u00ean m\u00e1y bay ch\u01b0a s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng d\u00e2y \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u00ean m\u00e1y bay \u0111\u1ec1u th\u00f4ng su\u1ed1t, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u00f4xy tr\u00ean m\u00e1y bay v\u1eabn ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng g\u00ec. \u0110\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 m\u00e1y bay v\u1eabn l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed1t cho \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac r\u01a1i xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea5t. M\u00e1y bay b\u1ecb h\u1ecfng khi r\u01a1i xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea5t, va ch\u1ea1m v\u1edbi m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n th\u1ea5y d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft m\u00f2n c\u0169 c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean ki\u1ec7n v\u00e0 linh ki\u1ec7n m\u00e1y bay. M\u00e1y bay ti\u00eam k\u00edch hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n MIC-15 l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i m\u00e1y bay c\u00f3 t\u00ednh n\u0103ng \u01b0u vi\u1ec7t. Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat phi\u1ec1n ph\u1ee9c n\u00e0o. V\u1eady th\u00ec do nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u00ec? Ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng c\u00f3 k\u1ebb n\u00e0o c\u00f3 d\u1ef1 m\u01b0u h\u00e3m h\u1ea1i? C\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia y h\u1ecdc ph\u00e2n t\u00edch k\u1ef9 b\u0103ng ghi \u00e2m l\u1eddi n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a Gagarin m\u1ed9t ph\u00fat tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ng\u1ed9 n\u1ea1n, \u0111\u00e3 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n nghe \u0111i nghe l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a Gagarin, \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m r\u00f5","t\u01b0 th\u1ebf khi m\u00e1y bay \u0111\u00e2m xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea5t, ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh ki\u1ec3m tra thi th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a phi c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 Gagarin tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1ecb n\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 b\u1ecb tr\u00fang \u0111\u1ed9c, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb th\u00f4i mi\u00ean hay nh\u1eefng tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i g\u00ec kh\u00e1c th\u01b0\u1eddng. M\u1ed9t ph\u00fat tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00fac ch\u1ebft, \u00f4ng v\u1eabn \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng. Nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec sao \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng \u1ea5n n\u00fat b\u1eadt kh\u1ecfi m\u00e1y bay? Theo t\u00ednh to\u00e1n ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, \u00f4ng ch\u1ebft l\u00fac 10 gi\u1edd 31 ph\u00fat, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 l\u00fac m\u00e1y bay r\u01a1i xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea5t. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta mong m\u1ecfi \u1ee6y ban \u0111i\u1ec1u tra t\u00ecm ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n. Nh\u01b0ng trong m\u1ed9t b\u00e1o c\u00e1o kh\u1ea9n tr\u01b0\u01a1ng sau khi \u0111i\u1ec1u tra, vi\u1ec7c \u1ea5y d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e2u v\u00e0o \u0111\u00e2u. V\u1ee5 tai n\u1ea1n m\u00e1y bay c\u1ee7a Gagarin ng\u00e0y 27 th\u00e1ng ba n\u0103m 1968 v\u1eabn l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u00ed m\u1eadt. Nh\u01b0ng tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, \u1ee6y ban \u0111i\u1ec1u tra \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n. Gagarin trong nh\u1eefng gi\u00e2y ph\u00fat cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e1y bay tho\u00e1t ra kh\u1ecfi tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i b\u1ed5 nh\u00e0o, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 m\u00e1y bay \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e2m xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea5t. Nh\u01b0ng l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 danh d\u1ef1 cho Gagarin, cho n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. V\u00ec th\u1ebf cho n\u00ean, v\u1ec1 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n x\u1ea3y ra tai n\u1ea1n m\u00e1y bay c\u1ee7a Gagarin v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng khai. C\u00f2n c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Gagarin \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. H.T (theo K\u00ednh v\u1ea1n l\u00fd) B\u00ed m\u1eadt v\u1ec1 c\u1ed9t tr\u1ee5 xi m\u0103ng th\u1eddi ti\u1ec1n s\u1eed \u0110\u1ea3o T\u00e2n Cal\u00eadonia - Nouvelle Cal\u00e9donie \u1edf ph\u1ea7n T\u00e2y Nam Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ea3o l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Nam Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng. Theo ghi ch\u00e9p, n\u0103m 1768 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng \u0111\u1eb7t ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y, n\u0103m 1774 con t\u00e0u m\u1eabu h\u1ea1m c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh, James Cook (1729- 1779) \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng di\u1ec5u qua h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o nh\u1ecf n\u00e0y. \u00d4ng th\u1ea5y r\u1eebng r\u1eadm n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y d\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c, c\u00e2y xanh sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i, kh\u00ed h\u1eadu trong l\u00e0nh. Cook c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y c\u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00ecnh b\u00e8n l\u1ea5y t\u00ean c\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a Scotland l\u00e0 Cal\u00e9donie th\u00eam ch\u1eef T\u00e2n (Nouvelle) \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t cho h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o n\u00e0y. B\u1edfi v\u1eady, \u0111\u1ea3o \u1ea5y c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 T\u00e2n Cal\u00eadonia. \u1ede n\u01a1i c\u00e1ch T\u00e2n Cal\u00eadonia 40 h\u1ea3i l\u00fd v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda Nam c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea3o nh\u1ecf g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Baien, t\u1eeb x\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn nay ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng c\u00f3 ai c\u01b0 ng\u1ee5 \u1edf \u0111\u00f3. Nh\u01b0ng tr\u00ean hoang \u0111\u1ea3o nh\u1ecf n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 400 g\u00f2 \u0111\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 qu\u00e1i. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y n\u00ean t\u1eeb c\u00e1t v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1 cao kho\u1ea3ng 2,5-3m, m\u1eb7t nghi\u00eang kho\u1ea3ng 90m. Tr\u00ean g\u00f2 \u0111\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt n\u00e0o sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng, c\u1ea3nh v\u1eadt v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng hoang v\u1eafng. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y cho r\u1eb1ng, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c di ch\u1ec9 t\u1eeb th\u1eddi c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i. N\u0103m 1960, nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc Cheliwa \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o nh\u1ecf n\u00e0y ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh khai qu\u1eadt c\u00e1c di ch\u1ec9. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u ngo\u00e0i s\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 tr\u00ean 3 di ch\u1ec9 c\u1ed5 \u1edf gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 1 c\u1ed9t tr\u1ee5 xi m\u0103ng n\u1eb1m song song v\u1edbi nhau. Nh\u1eefng c\u1ed9t tr\u1ee5 n\u00e0y cao t\u1eeb 1m \u0111\u1ebfn 2,5m, trong xi m\u0103ng c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9t tr\u1ee5 c\u00f2n l\u1eabn v\u1ecf \u1ed1c, v\u1ecf s\u00f2 v\u1ee1. Cheliwa v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng kinh ng\u1ea1c b\u1edfi \u00f4ng bi\u1ebft xi m\u0103ng m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t minh t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XIX cho d\u00f9 l\u00e0 h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p"]