SachMoi.Net_Than-Nguoi-va-Dat-Viet

["n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ed9i n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. Cho n\u00ean \u201cth\u00e1ng 8, nh\u00e0 n\u00f4ng L\u00ed, Tr\u1ea7n gi\u1ebft con sinh \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ebf th\u1ea7n ru\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 th\u1ea7n b\u1ea3n c\u1ea3nh\u201d trong th\u1eddi gian x\u00ea x\u00edch sau th\u1eddi k\u00ec \u201cl\u00e0ng x\u00f3m \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 \u0111ua thuy\u1ec1n\u201d (18). Bia S\u00f9ng Thi\u00ean Di\u00ean Linh (1121) ghi l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eddi g\u1ea7n g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y: \u201cH\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn chi\u1ebfc thuy\u1ec1n b\u01a1i gi\u1eefa d\u00f2ng nhanh nh\u01b0 ch\u1edbp, mu\u00f4n ti\u1ebfng tr\u1ed1ng khua h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ti\u1ebfng n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0 s\u1ea5m \u0111\u1ed9ng\u2026\u201d Tuy nhi\u00ean l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng chi ti\u1ebft ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t : \u201cH\u01b0\u01a1u h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e0n \u0111i l\u1ea1i nh\u1ea3y nh\u00f3t \u2026.\u1edf gi\u1eefa s\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t con r\u00f9a v\u00e0ng n\u1ed5i, l\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed9i ba h\u00f2n n\u00fai. R\u00f9a l\u1ed9i r\u00f9 r\u1edd tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t n\u01b0\u1edbc, l\u1ed9 v\u00e2n tr\u00ean th\u00e2n v\u00e0 b\u1ed1n ch\u00e2n. Chuy\u1ec3n nh\u00ecn tr\u00ean b\u1edd, mi\u1ec7ng th\u00ec phun n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00ean b\u1ebfn. Quay \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi ngai vua m\u00e0 c\u00fai \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u00e0o\u201d (19). Kh\u00f4ng b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u00e1y (kim ngao) hay l\u00e0 tr\u00f2 r\u1ed1i n\u01b0\u1edbc, ta th\u1ea5y nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt r\u00f9a v\u00e0ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong h\u1ed9i n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 n\u1eb1m trong s\u1ee9 gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7n n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 nho gi\u00e1o, v\u01b0\u01a1ng gi\u1ea3 h\u00f3a th\u00e0nh thanh Giang S\u1ee9, s\u1ee9 gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a Long V\u01b0\u01a1ng trong truy\u1ec7n th\u1ea7n Kim Quy gi\u00fap An D\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u00e2y th\u00e0nh C\u1ed5 Loa. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh trong h\u1ed9i n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea3 l\u00e0 m\u1eabu h\u00ecnh nguy\u00ean khai c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng th\u1ea7n l\u1ed9i tr\u00ean s\u00f4ng Ho\u00e0ng Giang trong truy\u1ec7n, v\u00e0 sau n\u00e0y c\u0169ng hi\u1ec7n ra \u1edf h\u1ed3 Ho\u00e0n Ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u00f2i l\u1ea1i thanh g\u01b0\u01a1m m\u00e0 th\u1ea7n L\u00ea L\u1ee3i t\u1eebng nh\u1eadn. C\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n d\u1eabn ra cho th\u1ea5y cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e8 n\u1eb7ng d\u01b0\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a c\u00f5i linh thi\u00eang, \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh b\u1ea5t an \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3 t\u1ea7ng l\u01b0\u1edbp tr\u00ean c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. \u00d4ng Ho\u00e0ng Xu\u00e2n H\u00e3n trong khi l\u00ed gi\u1ea3i s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n L\u00ea V\u0103n Th\u1ecbnh h\u00f3a h\u1ed5 ch\u1ee5p Nh\u00e2n T\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t r\u1eb1ng \u00f4ng n\u00e0y c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c vua L\u00ed \u0111\u1eddi sau \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ea7n kinh d\u1ec5 x\u00e1c c\u1ea3m. Suy di\u1ec5n th\u00eam th\u00ec th\u1ea5y L\u00ed Hu\u1ec7 T\u00f4ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111i\u00ean kh\u00f9ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n s\u00e2u xa trong truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng d\u00f2ng d\u00f5i v\u00e0 th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c \u00f4ng vua Tr\u1ea7n \u2013 ngay c\u1ea3 \u00f4ng cu\u1ed1i \u0111\u1eddi, l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 v\u1ebb tr\u1ea7m t\u0129nh, v\u1eefng v\u00e0ng h\u01a1n. C\u00f3 v\u1ebb t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch \u201ctri th\u1ee9c\u201d c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u0103ng s\u0129 Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o n\u01a1i c\u00e1c \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u1edf v\u00e0o m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 cao h\u01a1n c\u00e1c \u00f4ng h\u1ecd L\u00ed. Nh\u1eefng \u0111e d\u1ecda c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf - ri\u00eang t\u01b0 v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng v\u1ee5 - c\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed1i tin t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u01a1i quy\u1ec1n ph\u00e9p th\u1ea7n linh, t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng \u1ea3o n\u1ed1i d\u00e0i cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng th\u1eadt h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y, l\u00e2y lan \u0111\u1eadm \u0111\u1eb7c gi\u1eefa m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ec7n \u201cm\u00ea t\u00edn\u201d c\u1ee7a VSL (c\u0169ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 nho) ghi l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi kh\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u chi ti\u1ebft, sau n\u00e0y b\u1ecb c\u00e1c s\u1eed quan T\u1ed1ng nho l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i khi\u1ebfn ta kh\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u1ea3o gi\u00e1c t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3, ch\u1eafc l\u00e0 c\u00f2n phong ph\u00fa h\u01a1n tr\u00ean t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u nhi\u1ec1u. Tuy nhi\u00ean, l\u1ea1i c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng mu\u00f4n v\u1ebb \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng th\u1ea5y to\u00e0n m\u1ed9t m\u00e0u \u1ea9m \u0111\u1ea1m. \u1ede m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 h\u00f2a nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o thi\u00eang li\u00eang, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y ni\u1ec1m vinh d\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia s\u1ebb. Trong s\u1ef1 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng thu\u1eadt, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ch\u1eebng m\u1ef1c tham d\u1ef1 v\u00e0o th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ea7n linh v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ef1 tin \u1edf ngay ch\u00ednh th\u00e2n ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng t\u1ee5c th\u1ebf. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, v\u1edbi th\u1eddi gian, th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ea7n linh \u1edf m\u1ed9t kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea9y l\u00f9i \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng t\u1ee5c th\u1ebf, nh\u01b0 ta th\u1ea5y trong l\u1ec5 sinh nh\u1eadt vua n\u0103m 1123, thay v\u00ec nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00fap trong c\u00e2y n\u00fai nh\u01b0 n\u0103m 1021 th\u00ec l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng cung n\u1eef m\u00faa tr\u00ean xe \u0111\u1ea9y \u0111i, nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t phomng c\u00e1ch h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee5 t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu chia s\u1ebb v\u1edbi th\u1ea7n linh. C\u00f2n v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda d\u00e2n ch\u00fang, ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee5 tr\u1ea7n t\u1ee5c v\u1ec1 l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i qua nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu\u1eadt l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi \u00edt nhi\u1ec1u chi ti\u1ebft trong V\u0110ULT, LNCQ, ANC, tr\u00ean c\u00e1c bia L\u00ed c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i. L\u1eddi t\u1ea3 v\u00ec mang t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi quan s\u00e1t, nh\u00ecn qua n\u1ed9i dung v\u0103n h\u00f3a th\u01b0\u1eddng mang d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft Nho Gi\u00e1o nhi\u1ec1u l\u00ed t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng l\u1ed9t h\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ef1 h\u1ed9i l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i, \u0111\u00e3 qu\u00ean cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eadt. Trong s\u1ef1 l\u00e3ng qu\u00ean c\u00e1c \u01b0u t\u01b0, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e3 h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee5 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 bu\u00f4ng th\u1ea3 tinh th\u1ea7n theo c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ee5c th\u1ebf, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n x\u00f3a b\u1ecf ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n n\u00fap v\u00e0o b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t th\u1ea7n linh n\u00e0o h\u1ebft. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, trong khi th\u1edd c\u00fang th\u1ea7n linh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u1ea7n linh theo h\u01b0\u1edbng l\u1ee3i \u00edch cho m\u00ecnh m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n \u00fd th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3. Ghi ch\u00fa: (12) \u00d4ng Ho\u00e0ng Xu\u00e2n H\u00e3n ( L\u00ed Th\u01b0\u1eddng Ki\u1ec7t, s\u0111d,tr.437-444) thu\u1eadt l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ec7n th\u1ea7n qu\u00e1i trong \u0111\u1eddi L\u00ed ghi \u1edf To\u00e0n Th\u01b0, VSL., Thi\u1ec1n uy\u1ec3n t\u1eadp anh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3, theo \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c chuy\u1ec7n th\u00e1c sinh c\u1ee7a NGuy\u1ec5n B\u00f4ng v\u00e0 T\u1eeb \u0110\u1ea1o H\u1ea1nh tuy c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch nhau h\u01a1n n\u1eefa th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t chung c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i","(13) Ngan Nan tche yuan, s\u0111d, ph\u1ea7n ch\u1eef H\u00e1n, tr.212-214 (14) Nguy\u1ec5n Kh\u1eafc X\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u201cV\u00e0i n\u00e9t v\u1ec1 h\u1ed9i l\u00e0ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t t\u1ed5 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 v\u0103n h\u00f3a H\u00f9ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng\u201d- V\u0103n h\u00f3a d\u00e2n gian 1 (1984),tr16-17 (15) Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u00e3i, \u1ee8c Trai t\u1eadp, quy\u1ec3n th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ( Ho\u00e0ng Kh\u00f4i d\u1ecbch, S\u00e0i g\u00f2n 1971),tr.276-277. Nguy\u1ec5n Phi Khanh thi \u0111\u1ed7 nh\u01b0ng b\u1ecb Tr\u1ea7n Ngh\u1ec7 T\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng dung v\u00ec t\u1ed9i d\u00e1m l\u1ea5y con g\u00e1i nh\u00e0 qu\u00ed t\u1ed9c, m\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn 1402 m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c H\u1ed3 H\u00e1n Th\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1ed5 l\u00e0m H\u00e0n l\u00e2m h\u1ecdc s\u0129 (16) Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 l\u1ea7n (\u201c Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u1edf th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 X\u201d, The Vietnam forum 5, 1985, tr239) d\u1eabn L\u00ea Qu\u00ed \u0110\u00f4n trong Ki\u1ebfn v\u0103n ti\u1ec3u l\u1ee5c cho bi\u1ebft ph\u00e9p x\u01b0\u1edbng nhi l\u00e0 di\u1ec5n tr\u00f2 \u201ccon m\u1eafng cha m\u1eb9\u201d, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t tr\u00f2 kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 tr\u00f2 t\u00f4i m\u1eafng vua. V\u1ec1 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t \u201cph\u1ea1m th\u01b0\u1ee3ng\u201d L\u00ea Qu\u00ed \u0110\u00f4n d\u1eabn ra, ta c\u0169ng th\u1ea5y \u1edf m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c: Knud Rasmussen \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng B\u1eafc c\u1ef1c, th\u1ea5y tr\u1ebb em Eskimo ch\u01a1i tr\u00f2 ch\u1eedi m\u1eafng th\u1ea7n th\u00e1nh, khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecfi th\u00ec cha m\u1eb9 ch\u00fang tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi: \u201cTh\u1ea7n c\u0169ng bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 tr\u00f2 \u0111\u00f9a\u201d (Birket Smith, Historie de la civilization, Paris,1955,tr 390) (17) Ho\u00e0ng Xu\u00e2n H\u00e3n, L\u00ed Th\u01b0\u1eddng Ki\u1ec7t, s\u0111d,tr 436 (18) Ngan Nan tche yuan, s\u0111d, ph\u1ea7n ch\u1eef H\u00e1n, tr.102 (19) \u1ee6y ban khoa h\u1ecdc x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Vi\u1ec7t Nam, L\u1ecbch s\u1eed Vi\u1ec7t Nam, t\u1eadp 1,tr166; Ho\u00e0ng Xu\u00e2n H\u00e3n, s\u0111d,tr436","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng V: H\u1ec6 TH\u1ed0NG H\u00d9NG V\u01af\u01a0NG I. S\u1ef0 B\u1ea4T TO\u00c0N C\u1ee6A T\u1eacP H\u1ee2P TH\u1ea6N LINH NH\u00c0 N\u01af\u1edaC L\u00cd TR\u1ea6N TR\u01af\u1edaC S\u1ef0 \u0110\u1ecaNH H\u00ccNH QU\u1ed0C GIA D\u00c2N T\u1ed8C T\u0102NG D\u1ea6N C\u01af\u1edcNG \u0110\u1ed8 Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y, d\u00f9 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t sau ng\u00e0y tho\u00e1t \u00e1ch B\u1eafc thu\u1ed9c c\u00f2n mang n\u1eb7ng t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n x\u1ee9 m\u00e0 d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft c\u00f2n r\u00f5 \u1edf c\u1ea3 t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp tr\u00ean, nh\u01b0ng t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u01b0\u01a1ng quy\u1ec1n L\u00ed Tr\u1ea7n v\u1eabn ph\u1ea3i h\u01b0\u1edbng theo khu\u00f4n m\u1eabu Trung Qu\u1ed1c trong \u0111\u00f3 Nho h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n v\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t quan ni\u1ec7m t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 m\u00e0 t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng vay m\u01b0\u1ee3n, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3. Nho s\u0129 \u0111i tu \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9c ph\u1eadn theo tr\u00e0o l\u01b0u \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd n\u1eafm quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i ru\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft th\u00e2n, nh\u1eefng t\u0103ng s\u0129, \u0111\u1ea1o s\u0129 b\u00e0n chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00ec qu\u00ean c\u1ea3 \u00f4ng Ph\u1eadt, \u00f4ng L\u00e3o v\u00f3i c\u00e1c l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn tri\u1ebft l\u00ed c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. T\u0103ng ph\u00f3 Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u01b0\u1eddng can vua (1202) nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t h\u1eadu th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Kh\u1ed5ng T\u1eed: \u201c Ta nghe b\u00e0i t\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a Kinh Thi n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng \u00e2m thanh c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc lo\u1ea1n th\u00ec ai o\u00e1n b\u1ef1c t\u1ee9c. Nay d\u00e2n lo\u1ea1n n\u01b0\u1edbc nguy, ch\u00faa th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u01a1i b\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed9, ch\u00ednh s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n, long d\u00e2n tr\u00e1i l\u00eca, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 tri\u1ec7u b\u1ea1i vong\u201d T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c cai tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p khi\u1ebfn cho \u0111\u00e1m n\u1ed9i th\u1ea7n cung \u0111\u00ecnh tuy v\u1eabn c\u00f2n m\u1ea1nh v\u00ec t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t t\u00f4ng t\u1ed9c tr\u1ecb n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a L\u00ed, Tr\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ecd, nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng vua c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i th\u1ea5y \u0111\u00e1m gia thu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ea3m \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u1ecdng tr\u00e1ch. V\u00e0 th\u1ebf l\u00e0 Nho s\u0129 l\u00ean ch\u00e2n. H\u00e0n l\u00e2m \u0110\u1ec9nh C\u1ee7ng Vi\u00ean ( +1294) ranh ma b\u00eau x\u1ea5u c\u00e1i d\u1ed1t n\u00e1t c\u1ee7a ho\u1ea1n quan L\u00ea T\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o thu\u1ed9c ti H\u00e0nh Khi\u1ec3n ( 1288) khi\u1ebfn cho Tr\u1ea7n Nh\u00e2n T\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i b\u1ea3o \u00f4ng l\u01b0u th\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea5t Thi\u00ean Tr\u01b0\u1eddng (qu\u00ea vua) n\u00e0y \u0111em c\u1ee7a h\u1ed1i l\u1ed9 cho \u00f4ng nho th\u1ea7n kia. R\u1ed3i kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u1ea5n l\u01b0\u1edbt ho\u1ea1n quan th\u1ea5t h\u1ecdc, c\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed1i tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i, nho th\u1ea7n n\u1eafm c\u1ea3 ch\u1ee9c h\u00e0nh khi\u1ec3n \u0111\u00e3 trao cho ho\u00e0ng t\u1ed9c c\u00f3 h\u1ecdc. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eefng n\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u00e3 t\u00e1ch m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ra ngo\u00e0i t\u1ea7m tay qu\u00ed t\u1ed9c Tr\u1ea7n, m\u00e0 c\u00e1c k\u00ec thi m\u1edf ra \u0111\u00e3 v\u1ea1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ebfn th\u00e2n cho m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u01b0a h\u1ecd \u00e0o ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n, v\u00e0o r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c m\u00e0 c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd t\u1eeb tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh ra \u0111\u1ebfn ngo\u00e0i d\u00e2n ch\u00fang. Ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi qu\u00ed t\u1ed9c c\u00f2n l\u1edbn, nh\u01b0ng t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ecdn s\u1eb5n cho Tr\u1ea7n Nguy\u00ean \u0110\u00e1n v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XIV nh\u1eadn hai th\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ed3 Nguy\u1ec5n H\u00e1n Anh, Nguy\u1ec5n Phi Khanh v\u00e0o l\u00e0m r\u1ec3 nh\u00e0 m\u00ecnh trong m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf g\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u00e9p m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ecf n\u1ed5i quy\u1ec1n uy. Nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 thu nh\u1eadn c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c cai tr\u1ecb theo m\u1eabu h\u00ecnh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u1eafc kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t, b\u1edfi v\u00ec c\u00f9ng ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n v\u00f3i n\u00f3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec3n chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0a ra s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u00e1ng \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t \u2013 Trung Qu\u1ed1c. Ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n L\u00ed \u2013 Tr\u1ea7n ch\u1ed1ng Trung Qu\u1ed1c ti\u00ean v\u00e0n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ngay ch\u00ednh b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n t\u00f4ng t\u1ed9c h\u1ecd. L\u00ed tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 - hay m\u01b0\u1ee3n l\u1eddi th\u1ea7n tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1: Nam Qu\u1ed1c s\u01a1n h\u00e0 Nam \u0110\u1ebf c\u01b0\u201d C\u00f2n Tr\u1ea7n th\u00ec kh\u0103ng kh\u0103ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu v\u00e0o \u201cch\u1ea7u\u201d Nguy\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 sa v\u00e0o c\u1ea1m b\u1eaby. L\u1eddi h\u1ecbch t\u01b0\u1edbng s\u0129 c\u1ee7a Tr\u1ea7n Qu\u1ed1c Tu\u1ea5n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i k\u00eau g\u1ecdi d\u00e2n ch\u00fang hi sinh v\u00ec \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc theo l\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u00e0y nay m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1eafng m\u1ecf t\u01b0\u1edbng s\u0129, gia th\u1ea7n qu\u00ean nh\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7, qu\u00ean c\u00e1i \u01a1n \u201ckh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00e1o th\u00ec [\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c] cho m\u1eb7c, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u01a1m th\u00ec [\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c] cho \u0103n\u201d. Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfm x\u1ec9a \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u00f4 l\u1ec7, lo\u1ea1i \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi\u201d m\u00e0 ngay c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ean c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a s\u00fac v\u1eadt: Y\u1ebft Ki\u00eau \u2013 D\u00e3 T\u01b0\u1ee3ng, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan ch\u1ee7 t\u1edb (ch\u1ee7 v\u00e0 gia th\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 Ph\u1ea1m, Ng\u0169 L\u00e3o), n\u00ean ngay trong l\u1eddi h\u1ecbch c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng d\u1eabn ch\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 g\u01b0\u01a1ng trung th\u00e0nh \u1edf ngay trong hang ng\u0169 \u0111\u1ecbch \u2013 qu\u00e2n Nguy\u00ean. Tuy nhi\u00ean, s\u1ef1 t\u1eadp trung quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c \u1edf Th\u0103ng Long, m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, c\u0169ng t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i li\u00ean k\u1ebft xuy\u00ean su\u1ed1t c\u00e1c gia t\u1ea7ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, c\u00e1c t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n ng\u01b0\u1eddi, d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c l\u1edbn nh\u1ecf tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ecba \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ecf th\u00e0nh ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 X tr\u1edf \u0111i l\u00e0m \u0111\u00e0 cho s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t c\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng","S\u1ef1 t\u1eadp trung quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c t\u1eadp trung l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t c\u00e1c th\u1ea7n trong n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ec1 kinh \u0111\u00f4 nh\u01b0 ta \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y trong tri\u1ec1u L\u00ed, r\u1ed3i h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00f3n d\u1ea7n, chen th\u00eam c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i. Tuy nhi\u00ean quan ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 si\u00eau nhi\u00ean bi\u1ec7n minh cho h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00f3 ch\u01b0a cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 v\u1eefng v\u00e0ng nh\u01b0 kinh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi. C\u00e1c \u00f4ng vua, qua ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c Nho h\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh thu nh\u1eadn hay qua c\u00e1c nho s\u0129 m\u1edbm cho, c\u0169ng bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t quan ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t \u00f4ng Thi\u00ean l\u00e0 Cha m\u00ecnh, nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng Thi\u00ean \u1ea5y c\u00f2n l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n v\u1edbi \u00f4ng TR\u1eddi \u2013 hay m\u1ed9t \u00f4ng th\u1ea7n c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c h\u01a1n h\u1ebft n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 h\u1ecd bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eadt. \u00d4ng Tr\u1eddi mang danh hi\u1ec7u tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c h\u00f3a l\u00e0 \u00f4ng Thi\u00ean v\u1eabn c\u00f2n l\u00e0 \u00f4ng Tr\u1eddi hang ng\u00e0y trong t\u00e2m tr\u00ed c\u00e1c vua, c\u00e1c tri\u1ec1u th\u1ea7n Ta h\u00e3y nh\u00ecn l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 th\u1edd c\u00fang v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n b\u1ea3o tr\u1ee3 t\u1ed1i cao c\u1ee7a L\u00ed, Tr\u1ea7n. T\u00f4 L\u1ecbch kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn d\u00f9 L\u00ed \u0111\u00e3 phong l\u00e0 Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00f4 Th\u00e0nh Ho\u00e0ng \u0110\u1ea1i V\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u00ec d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u nh\u00e2n th\u1ea7n r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t. C\u00e1c \u00f4ng th\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a Th\u0103ng Long v\u00e0 chung quanh c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 v\u00ec g\u1ed1c nh\u00e2n th\u1ea7n \u2013 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng mang t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch si\u00eau linh t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u2013 ho\u1eb7c tuy c\u0169ng l\u00e0 g\u1ed1c nhi\u00ean th\u1ea7n nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb tru\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft h\u1ea1 xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n t\u1eed, nh\u00e2n h\u00f3a. C\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ea7n T\u1ea3n Vi\u00ean s\u1eebng s\u1eefng ph\u00e1i b\u1eafc kinh th\u00e0nh c\u0169ng b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i v\u00ec theo ghi ch\u00e9p c\u1ee7a T\u0103ng C\u1ed5n ( th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 IX) \u00f4ng th\u1ea7n n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh r\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u00f4ng vua tr\u1ea7n t\u1ee5c. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ch\u1ec9 d\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb b\u1ea3o tr\u1ee3 v\u01b0\u01a1ng quy\u1ec1n cho m\u1ed9t \u00f4ng th\u1ea7n \u2013 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 th\u1ea7n n\u00fai - \u1edf ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Nam. C\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n ch\u1eafc r\u1eb1ng th\u1ea7n \u0110\u1ed3ng C\u1ed5 l\u00e0 th\u1ea7n b\u1ea3o tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a kinh \u0111\u00f4 Hoa L\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ec1 \u0111\u00f4 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 tr\u00ec ch\u1ee9ng gi\u00e1m l\u1eddi th\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong n\u01b0\u1edbc, sau khi l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee9ng gi\u00e1m th\u1ec1 b\u1ed3i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1eadp h\u1ecdp ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ean v\u00f9ng kinh \u0111\u00f4 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c vua \u0110inh, L\u00ea. Danh hi\u1ec7u \u201cthi\u00ean h\u1ea1 minh ch\u1ee7 th\u1ea7n\u201d c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u1ea1i v\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a L\u00ed Th\u00e1i T\u00f4ng phong th\u00eam ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5, vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a Th\u1ea7n \u1edf \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u0169 Ta th\u1ea5y To\u00e0n th\u01b0 ghi l\u1ea1i hai l\u1ea7n v\u1ec1 l\u1ec5 th\u1edd: l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u sau lo\u1ea1n Tam V\u01b0\u01a1ng (1028) v\u00f3i l\u1eddi th\u1ec1: \u201cl\u00e0m con b\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfu, l\u00e0m t\u00f4i b\u1ea5t trung, xin th\u1ea7n minh gi\u1ebft ch\u1ebft\u201d, l\u1ea7n 2 (1227), l\u00fac h\u1ecd Tr\u1ea7n c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c, ta ch\u1ec9 th\u1ea5y l\u1eddi th\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c quan b\u1ecb r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5: \u201cL\u00e0m t\u00f4i h\u1ebft long trung, l\u00e0m quan trong s\u1ea1ch\u2026\u201d L\u1eddi ghi c\u1ee7a L\u00ea T\u1eafc thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 k\u00ed \u1ee9c tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u0103m hang Nguy\u00ean (1285) c\u00f3 chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n tham d\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng th\u1ef1c n\u1ed9i dung l\u1eddi th\u1ec1 tr\u00ean: \u201c M\u1ed3ng 4 th\u00e1ng 4, ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong d\u00f2ng h\u1ecd, quan c\u1eadn th\u1ea7n h\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i mi\u1ebfu S\u01a1n, th\u1ea7n th\u1ec1 trung th\u00e0nh v\u1edbi vua\u2026\u201d S\u1eed k\u00ed cho bi\u1ebft, d\u00e2n ch\u00fang ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ee9ng ngo\u00e0i nh\u00ecn: \u201cNg\u00e0y h\u00f4m \u1ea5y, trai g\u00e1i b\u1ed1n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ee9ng ch\u1eadt n\u00edch \u1edf c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 xem, cho l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y h\u1ed9i l\u00f3n\u201d G\u1ed1c t\u00edch c\u1ee7a Th\u1ea7n trong th\u1ec3 th\u1ee9c ( u\u1ed1ng m\u00e1u) \u0103n th\u1ec1, ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ed9i th\u1ec1 b\u1ed9 l\u1ea1c, l\u00e0ng x\u00f3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p l\u00ean b\u1ef1c trung \u01b0\u01a1ng. Th\u1ebf m\u00e0, tuy l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y h\u1ed9i l\u1edbn, h\u1ed9i v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed9i dung cao c\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u01b0\u01a1ng quy\u1ec1n Nho Gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi v\u00ec c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn trong quan ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c thi\u00eang li\u00eang b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u01b0\u01a1ng quy\u1ec1n: Th\u1ea7n do vua phong l\u1ea1i b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ch\u00ednh nh\u00e0 vua v\u00e0 d\u00f2ng h\u1ecd. H\u1ed9i l\u1ec5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c v\u00ec m\u1ed9t th\u00f3i quen sinh ho\u1ea1t ( Tr\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfp n\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a L\u00ed \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00f3 t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t) nh\u01b0ng di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 IX nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y ra s\u1ef1 tranh ch\u1ea5p, xung kh\u1eafc c\u0169 m\u1edbi trong l\u00fac b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n Th\u1ea7n l\u1ea1i \u0111i v\u00e0o ng\u00f5 c\u1ee5t. Tuy L\u00ea T\u1eafc vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 Th\u1ea7n sau nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m l\u01b0u l\u1ea1c \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c ch\u1eafc c\u0169ng l\u00e0m phai l\u1ea1t s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n k\u00ednh l\u00fac c\u00f2n \u1edf qu\u00ea nha, nh\u01b0ng l\u00f2i ghi nh\u1ea1t nh\u1ebdo \u201cth\u1ea7n n\u00fai\u201d \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ec1u l\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh sa s\u00fat uy th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Th\u1ea7n m\u00e0 ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khi x\u00e9t \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c Th\u1ea7n \u0110\u1ed3ng C\u1ed5 \u1edf ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Nam \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sung k\u00ednh c\u0169ng l\u00e0 theo khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng b\u1ea9m sinh c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi n\u00fai non, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00ednh c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u1ecdng \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn cho Th\u1ea7n th\u1ea5t th\u1ebf \u1edf Th\u0103ng Long. Th\u1ea7n \u201cdi c\u01b0\u201d v\u1ec1 noi \u1edf m\u1edbi, nhung d\u00f9 l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eddi, c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed3n mi\u1ebfu l\u00e0m tr\u1ee5i s\u1edf, c\u00f3 qung c\u1ea3nh r\u1ed9n r\u00e0ng mang t\u00ednh nghi\u00eam t\u00fac c\u1ee7a l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 b\u00f9 \u0111\u1eafp l\u1ea1i trong l\u00f2ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ef1 sung b\u00e1i kh\u00edch \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb quang c\u1ea3nh hung v\u0129, gh\u00ea r\u1ee3n, \u00e2m u c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0y x\u01b0a, \u1edf n\u01a1i ng\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb c\u0169. Th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1eefa m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 kh\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ea7n ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i b\u1eadn t\u00e2m th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t kinh \u0111\u00f4 \u0111\u1ea7y d\u1eaby bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 thu h\u00fat m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, theo nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng g\u00e2y ch\u00fa \u00fd. N\u1ed9i dung th\u1ea7n l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 vua, ch\u1ee7 n\u01b0\u1edbc (c\u1ee7a vua) nh\u01b0 quan ni\u1ec7m c\u0169, l\u1ea1i m\u1ea5t d\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a vua sai ph\u00e1i, xem x\u00e9t h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a b\u1ea7y t\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 vua \u1edf tr\u1ea7n th\u1ebf. Cho n\u00ean, trong c\u00e1c l\u1ea7n phong t\u1eb7ng, Th\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c phong theo l\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ed3ng lo\u1ea1t, kh\u00f4ng cho th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t g\u00ec so v\u00f3i c\u00e1c th\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c trong n\u0103m 1285,1288,1313. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u00edt ra l\u00e0 theo nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u1ee7a Nho Gi\u00e1o, Tr\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn th\u00eam","m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u01a1c so v\u1edbi L\u00ed v\u00ec ph\u1ea7n l\u00f3n c\u00e1c th\u1ea7n th\u00f2 c\u00f9ng d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi L\u00ed kh\u00f4ng mang m\u1ed9t t\u00f4n hi\u1ec7u n\u00e0o h\u1ebft, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 Tr\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 th\u1ea7n linh Nh\u1eefng n\u0103m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi n\u00e0y c\u00f2n c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a quan tr\u1ecdng kh\u00e1c, v\u00ec c\u00e1c n\u0103m 1285,1288 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u0103m h\u1ecd Tr\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua s\u1ef1 th\u1eed th\u00e1ch an nguy \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 n\u0103m 1313 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u00f2ng ki\u00eau h\u00e3nh. S\u1ef1 khu bi\u1ec7t ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 khu bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 v\u0103n h\u00f3a trong ch\u1eebng m\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u00f3a nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn c\u0169, ng\u0103n tr\u1edf m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn m\u1edbi v\u00e0 khai th\u00e1c nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t \u0111i t\u1eeb l\u00e2u, d\u1ea7n d\u00e0 n\u1ed5i l\u00ean l\u1ea1i v\u00f3i nh\u1eefng d\u1ea1ng h\u00ecnh r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t h\u01a1n. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n trong tranh ch\u1ea5p, h\u00f2a ho\u00e3n, t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t s\u1eafc th\u00e1i sinh ho\u1ea1t tinh th\u1ea7n ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t m\u00e0 n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt l\u00e0 t\u00ednh t\u1ef1 t\u00f4n d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c r\u1ed3i s\u1ebd l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec9nh cao v\u00f3i nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec7n minh l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf t\u1eeb trung \u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng II. S\u1ef0 PH\u1ed2N T\u1ea0P C\u1ee6A C\u00c1C D\u00c2M T\u1eea CH\u1ecaU \u1ea8N NH\u1eaaN C\u00e1c tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp trong khi ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t \u00fd th\u1ee9c h\u1ec7 ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m m\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u01a1 nghi\u1ec7p, v\u00e0 t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch h\u00f3a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng h\u00f3a th\u1ea7n linh theo m\u1eabu h\u00ecnh g\u1ee3i n\u00ean t\u1eeb c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t , th\u00ec h\u1ecd g\u1eb7p ngay nh\u1eefng v\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00edu t\u1eeb ch\u00ednh nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng m\u00e0 h\u1ecd t\u1eebng chia s\u1ebb t\u1eeb l\u00fac ch\u01b0a l\u00ean ng\u00f4i c\u1eedu ng\u0169 v\u00e0 ngay l\u00fac ng\u1ed3i tr\u00ean ngai h\u1ecd c\u0169ng ch\u01b0a d\u1ee9t b\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c C\u00e1c th\u1ea7n linh n\u1eb1m \u1edf trong c\u01a1 s\u1edf t\u1ee5 t\u1eadp d\u00e2n c\u01b0, c\u00f3 t\u1eeb c\u0103n b\u1ea3n nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 l\u00e0m gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng, quy\u1ec1n uy \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1m d\u00e2n ch\u00fang \u1edf n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c, c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t tin t\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1edd c\u00fang. D\u00f9 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n, quy\u1ec1n ph\u00e9p c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7n th\u1eadt to l\u1edbn, \u0111\u00e1ng s\u1ee3 nh\u01b0ng th\u1ea7n c\u00e2y, \u0111\u00e1 v\u1eabn b\u1ecb gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a x\u00e1c th\u00e2n th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c gh\u00ecm gi\u1eef trong m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb tr1i c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh. C\u00e1c nh\u00e2n th\u1ea7n c\u0169ng v\u1eady: H\u1ecd hi\u1ec3n linh n\u01a1i h\u1ecd tho\u00e1t x\u00e1c ( ch\u1ebft ch\u00f4n b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng, t\u1eed n\u1ea1n, t\u1eed tr\u1eadn...) v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd l\u1eadp n\u00ean l\u00e0m ch\u1ee9ng t\u00edch c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 s\u00f9ng k\u00ednh, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u0169ng l\u00e0 v\u1eadt tr\u00f3i bu\u1ed9c ch\u00e2n th\u1ea7n. Do \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 th\u1ea7n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec1m t\u00e0ng v\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1m d\u00e2n ch\u00fang tin t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p chung quanh C\u0169ng do \u0111\u1ea5y, khi t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n ng\u01b0\u1eddi chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ecbch m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng t\u1ea7m ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c th\u00ec th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng th\u1ea7n m\u1edbi xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n th\u00eam \u2013 th\u1ea7n v\u1ed1n c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Khi ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n trung \u01b0\u01a1ng khuye61ch tr\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c th\u00ec c\u00e1c th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u0169 l\u01b0\u1ee3t \u0111i v\u00e0o trong t\u1ea7m m\u1eaft c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 ph\u1ed3n t\u1ea1p \u1ea5y s\u1ebd g\u00e2y n\u00ean m\u1ed1i lo ng\u1ea1i cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n c\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n l\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1eabn kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh an ninh. Nh\u1eefng th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a L\u00cd , Tr\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y ra c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u1ea5y. N\u0103m 1192, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00ednh \u1edf \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Thanh H\u00f3a nh\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u1ea1 hi\u1ec7n ra \u1edf gi\u00e1p m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y ra m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c qu\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ea3o ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 qu\u00e2n l\u00ednh trung \u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p m\u1edbi xong. Vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecd L\u00ed t\u1eadp trung th\u1ea7n v\u1ec1 kinh \u0111\u00f4 h\u1eb3n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 l\u00ed do \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u00f2ng bi\u1ebfn lo\u1ea1n b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t th\u00e1i d\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Nh\u00e0 Tr\u1ea7n m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00ea \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1ed1i li\u1ec1n c\u00e1c trang tr\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ti6ng t\u1ed9c, \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00eam c\u00e1c trang vi\u1ec7n c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00f4 t\u00ec \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fac r\u1ee7 nhau l\u00e0m lo\u1ea1n v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i \u0111\u1eddi l\u00fac tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i suy t\u00e0n t\u1ea1o cho h\u1ecd v\u00f9ng d\u1eady. H\u1ecd l\u00e0m lo\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec b\u1ecb \u00e1p b\u1ee9c m\u00e0 v\u00ec th\u00e2n ph\u1eadn n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb l\u00f4i cu\u1ed1n b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i tin t\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Bi\u1ebfn lo\u1ea1n 1192 k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9 v\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00ednh kia c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u201cn\u00f4\u201c . B\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng r\u00f5 r\u1eadt \u0111\u00f3 v\u1ec1 m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u201c\u0110\u1ea1o \u2013 \u0110\u1eddi\u201c l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd cho th\u1ea5y qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n ch\u00fang, gi\u1eef y\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e2n ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp n\u00f4, s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f3 nh\u1eadn ra trong \u0111\u00e0 \u0111i l\u00ean c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n Ta \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y L\u00ed, Tr\u1ea7n t\u00f4n s\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt, v\u00e0 tuy t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o n\u00e0y theo th\u00e2m nh\u1eadp th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng m\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c th\u1ea7n linh c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n ch\u00fang, nh\u01b0ng m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 tri\u1ebft l\u00ed t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ee9c uy\u00ean b\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eefng t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5p cao h\u00e3nh di\u1ec7n, ch\u01b0a k\u1ec3 s\u1ef1 ki\u00eau k\u00ec v\u1ec1 th\u1ee9 b\u1eadc x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i khi\u1ebfn h\u1ecd nh\u00ecn nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e1m d\u00e2n h\u1ecd cai tr\u1ecb nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p k\u00e9m, kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng quan t\u00e2m m\u00e0 c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i x\u00f3a b\u1ecf n\u1eefa. C\u00e1c v\u1ecb s\u01b0 ch\u00f9a Ki\u1ebfn S\u01a1 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 X tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n d\u1eb9p b\u1ecf th\u1ea7n Ph\u00f9 \u0110\u1ed5ng nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng vi\u1ec7n d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn quy\u1ec1n uy th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c.","\u0110\u1ebfn L\u00ed, Tr\u1ea7n th\u00ec t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00e1c \u0111i Danh t\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00ed Th\u01b0\u1eddng Ki\u1ec7t (1020-1105) khi l\u1eadp ch\u00f9a Ph\u1eadt \u1edf Thanh H\u00f3a, ra tay bi\u1ebfn c\u1ea3 \u201cd\u00e2m t\u1eeb\u201c, \u201ctr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t sa th\u1ea3i nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ham chu\u1ed9ng ma qu\u1ec9, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00f3ng huy\u1ec5n ho\u1eb7c d\u00e2n ch\u00fang, \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1eeb kh\u1eed nh\u1eefng phong t\u1ee5c x\u1ea5u xa\u201c(1). Hai th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 sau, l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t b\u1eb1ng c\u1edb kh\u00e1c, m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c s\u01b0 c\u1ee7a Tr\u1ea7n Anh T\u00f4ng (gi\u1eef ng\u00f4i 1293-1314), \u1edf Thanh H\u00f3a, \u201c\u0111i v\u00e2n du kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i s\u01a1n xuy\u00ean ch\u00e2u huy\u1ec7n l\u00e0ng m\u1ea1c, h\u1ec5 n\u01a1i n\u00e0o c\u00f3 d\u00e2m t\u1eeb, t\u00e0 th\u1ea7n l\u00e0m h\u1ea1i d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec1u qu\u1edf tr\u00e1ch \u0111u\u1ed5i \u0111i h\u1ebft, ch\u1eb7t ph\u00e1 c\u1ea3 mi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec1n\u201c. R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u201cc\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o\u201c tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3. Nh\u01b0ng t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean c\u0169ng c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i dung h\u00f2a khi g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, c\u00f3 kh\u00e1ng c\u1ef1. \u201c\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n linh thi\u00eang v\u00e0 d\u1eef, ph\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u hi\u1ec3n hi\u1ec7n hay b\u00e1o m\u1ed9ng ra \u0111\u00f3n t\u1eeb ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea7u xin th\u00ec s\u01b0 th\u1ee5 gi\u1edbi cho, b\u1eaft ph\u1ea3i gi\u00e1m b\u1edbt c\u00fang t\u1ebf v\u00e0 b\u1eaft ph\u1ea3i b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 d\u00e2n, kh\u00f4ng ai d\u00e1m x\u00fac ph\u1ea1m\u201c(2). V\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o, Tr\u1ea7n Nh\u00e2n T\u00f4ng (gi\u1eef ng\u00f4i 1279 \u2013 1293) c\u0169ng t\u1eebng chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a c\u00e1ch th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u d\u00e2m t\u1eeb, n\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 v\u1ec1 sau, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta k\u1ec3 \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u1edf \u0111\u1ec1n \u0110o\u00e0n Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng(3), nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt b\u1ea1i tr\u1eadn trong cu\u1ed9c tranh ch\u1ea5p gi\u00e0nh quy\u1ec1n h\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ec9. L\u1ea1i c\u0169ng ng\u1edd r\u1eb1ng Tr\u1ea7n Th\u1eeba b\u1eaft c\u00e1c \u0111\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1m th\u1edd Ph\u1eadt (1231) l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf c\u00e1c \u00f4ng th\u1ea7n \u201cngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o\u201c nh\u1ea3y v\u00e0o, khi\u1ebfn \u0111\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1m kh\u1ecfi c\u00f3 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng d\u00e2m t\u1eeb m\u1edbi Nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o d\u00e2m t\u1eeb nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf c\u00f2n c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf h\u01a1n, l\u00e0 \u0111em l\u1ea1i an ninh cho ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n, trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Qua nh\u1eefng \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u1ea9n gi\u1ea5u b\u00ean trong c\u00e1c l\u1eddi l\u1ebd v\u1ec1 sau, ta th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c th\u1ea7n \u1edf d\u00e2m t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ec1u l\u1ea5y quy\u1ec1n uy \u1edf s\u1ef1 \u0111e d\u1ecda d\u00e2n ch\u00fang, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eebng c\u00f2n \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ebfn sinh ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 \u1edf chuy\u1ec7n M\u1ed9t tinh cho th\u1ea5y d\u01b0 \u00e2m. Nh\u00e2n T\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p cho th\u1ea7n \u0110o\u00e0n Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng nghe v\u1ec1 thuy\u1ebft nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c hi\u1ebfu sinh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111em th\u1ea7n d\u1eef v\u00e0o khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. V\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp theo \u0111\u00f3 h\u1eb3n l\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t th\u1edd c\u00fang (t\u00e0i v\u1eadt, ru\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t, n\u00f4 t\u00ec) c\u0169ng theo qui c\u1ee7 m\u1edbi m\u00e0 ch\u1ecbu s\u1ef1 c\u00e2u th\u00fac c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi S\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a d\u00e2m t\u1eeb l\u00e0 do \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n, nh\u01b0ng h\u01b0\u1edbng thay \u0111\u1ed5i l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a quan ni\u1ec7m Nho Gi\u00e1o v\u1ec1 ph\u00fac th\u1ea7n: Th\u1ea7n ng\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb \u1edf c\u00f5i linh thi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111e d\u1ecda m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 d\u00e2n ch\u00fang. \u0110\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u00fd ni\u1ec7m m\u1edbi, n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 s\u1eb3n khi \u0111i theo c\u00e1c nghi l\u1ec5 c\u1ea7u an, c\u1ea7u m\u01b0a, nh\u01b0ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y t\u00ednh to\u00e1n h\u00f2a nh\u1ecbp v\u1edbi \u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ea5n \u00e1t t\u00ednh b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7n, v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00e0 th\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e3 thu\u1ea7n h\u00f3a tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 mang quy\u1ec1n ph\u00e9p \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u s\u1ef1 dung h\u00f2a trong c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o s\u1edf d\u0129 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 b\u1edfi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ecbu ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t ranh gi\u1edbi co gi\u00e3n. Ai c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y. Ng\u00f4n t\u1eeb v\u0103n h\u00f3a x\u00f3a s\u1ef1 c\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t \u1edf b\u1ec1 ngo\u00e0i, kh\u1ecfi l\u00e0m h\u1ea1 gi\u00e1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n khi ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t tin t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n ngu d\u1ea1i, c\u00f2n d\u00e2n ch\u00fang th\u00ec th\u1ea5y \u00f4ng th\u1ea7n t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ed1i tho\u00e1t trong khi ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn t\u01b0\u1edbc phong c\u1ee7a tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh, v\u1eabn l\u00e0 \u00f4ng th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u01a1c nh\u00ecn v\u1edbi con m\u1eaft x\u01b0a c\u0169 h\u01a1n l\u00e0 m\u1edbi m\u1ebb. \u00d4ng th\u1ea7n c\u1eeda s\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u1ecd v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 L\u00ed \u0110\u00f4 \u00fay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i may m\u1eafn n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean s\u00f4ng Thi\u00ean M\u1ea1c, con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ea1y gi\u1eb7c tho\u00e1t hi\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a vua Tr\u1ea7n, n\u00ean t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n uy v\u1edbi d\u00e2n ch\u00fang tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ngu7oo72i b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 cho vua, cho n\u01b0\u1edbc. C\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1edbc phong, ng\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1n g\u1ed1c d\u00e2m t\u1eeb tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec1n v\u1ecb ph\u00fac th\u1ea7n. B\u1edfi v\u00ec d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft nh\u00e2n th\u1ea7n mu\u1ed9n th\u1eadt ra c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng che gi\u1ea5u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c nhi\u00ean th\u1ea7n n\u01a1i s\u1eafc phong \u201cth\u1ea7n c\u1eeda s\u00f4ng\u201c c\u1ee7a Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0110\u1ebf v\u00e0 n\u01a1i h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y r\u1eb1m, con r\u1eafn m\u00e3o v\u00e0ng t\u1eeb d\u01b0\u1edbi v\u1ef1c b\u00f2 l\u00ean khoanh tr\u00f2n h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ec5. Con r\u1eafn c\u1ee7a s\u00f4ng n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e0 n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n t\u00f4n th\u1edd ch\u1ee7 tr\u00ec vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1n x\u00e9t, th\u1ec1 b\u1ed3i trong v\u00f9ng(\u201cminh ph\u00fac ch\u1ee7 th\u1ea7n\u201c) (4) M\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 th\u1edd c\u00fang Ph\u1ea1m Nhan v\u00e0 Tr\u1ea7n H\u01b0ng \u0110\u1ea1o ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u201cm\u1ed9t th\u1ea7n nh\u1ea3m nh\u00ed... gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn 500 n\u0103m\u201c kXVIII than th\u1edf(5) m\u00e0 v\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch l\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u truy\u1ec7n t\u00edch dung h\u00f2a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1edbi v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1i ph\u00fac th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd Tr\u1ea7n. X\u00e9t truy\u1ec7n t\u00edch th\u00ec ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n c\u00f3 t\u00ean kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n B\u00e1 Linh, nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 (th\u1ea7n) \u201clinh \u1ee9ng v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng\u201c , v\u00e0 Ph\u1ea1m Nhan l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u201cnhan b\u1ecb t\u1ed9i\u201c. T\u1eeb nhan h\u1eb3n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t danh x\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7n n\u00f3i chung \u1edf v\u00f9ng n\u00e0y, v\u00f9ng s\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a x\u1ea3 An B\u00e0i m\u00e0 Th\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng s\u1ef1 th\u1edd c\u00fang c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e1m d\u00e2n ch\u00e0i l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00f3. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ea5u th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a Th\u1ea7n kh\u00e1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec3m trung t\u00e2m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt c\u00f3 v\u1ebb l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u201cth\u1ea7n \u0111i kh\u1eafp","n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm h\u00fat m\u00e1u\u201c(\u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0): Th\u1ea7n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 ma lai r\u00fat ru\u1ed9t m\u00e0 ANC ghi \u1edf v\u00f9ng r\u1eebng T\u00e2y B\u1eafc, hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XV, kh\u00f4ng xa Tr\u1ea7n, H\u1ed3. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd l\u00e0 \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng Tri\u1ec1u x\u01b0a c\u00f3 x\u00e3 An B\u00e0i, c\u0169ng bao g\u1ed3m x\u00e3 An sinh, \u0111\u1ea5t phong cho cha Tr\u1ea7n Qu\u1ed1c Tu\u1ea5n, Tr\u1ea7n Li\u1ec5u, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00f9 v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c m\u1ea5t v\u1ee3 m\u00e0 nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 v\u1edbi t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch tr\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ed9c, v\u00ec \u0111\u1ea5t An Sinh l\u00e0 qu\u00ea c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd Tr\u1ea7n(6) r\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng sang \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ti\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 nam \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5t T\u1ee9c M\u1eb7c (Nam \u0110\u1ecbnh). V\u00e0 h\u1ecd Tr\u1ea7n g\u1ed1c d\u00e2n ch\u00e0i h\u1eb3n c\u00f3 l\u00fac c\u0169ng th\u1edd th\u1ea7n Nhan. \u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt n\u00e2ng h\u1ecd Tr\u1ea7n l\u00ean cao h\u01a1n t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u0169 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd - hay \u00edt ra c\u0169ng l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n ch\u00e0i c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i n\u01a1i qu\u00ea An Sinh. Uy th\u1ebf l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng c\u1ee7a Tr\u1ea7n Qu\u1ed1c Tu\u1ea5n, con c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea5t An Sinh, l\u00e0m cho \u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u01b0 th\u1ebf cao h\u01a1n n\u1eefa, x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng l\u00e0 ph\u00fac th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t \u201ch\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ecfa\u201c , \u0111\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n \u00e1p \u0111\u1ea3o c\u00e1c th\u1ea7n nh\u1ea3m nh\u00ed \u1edf \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, trong \u0111\u00f3 co th\u1ea7n Nhan(7). V\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 th\u1ea7n Nhan t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i theo v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 th\u1edd c\u00fang th\u1ea7n V\u1ea1n Ki\u1ebfp trong m\u1ed9t truy\u1ec7n t\u00edch mang k\u1ecbch t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfn tranh h\u01a1n l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed S\u1ef1 t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a quan ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea7n khi\u1ebfn cho c\u00f3 khi \u2013 \u00edt ra l\u00e0 d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1eaft d\u00e2n ch\u00fang \u2013 v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 vua ( c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i: ph\u1ea7n th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 vua) kh\u00f4ng ki\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7u, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 uy l\u1ef1c b\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea7n th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n ch\u00fang. Nh\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac n\u00e0y th\u00ec l\u1ea1i v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i s\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi c\u1ea3 th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh l\u1eabn v\u1edbi c\u1ee7a vua, v\u1edbi k\u1ec9 c\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh, v\u1eeba v\u1edbi c\u1ea3 t\u1eadp t\u1ee5c k\u1ebft th\u00e0nh trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 v\u00e0 quan ni\u1ec7m m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 v\u1ec1 th\u1ea7n. Cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed1i vo71icoi4 linh thi\u00eang do d\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecb chia s\u1ebb l\u00e0m hai: th\u1edd th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a vua \u2013 c\u0169ng m\u1ed9t \u00f4ng th\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3! C\u00fang l\u1ec5 th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a vua th\u00ec theo c\u00e1c qui t\u1eafc \u2013 hay \u00edt ra l\u00e0 theo c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u01b0\u1edbng, d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc qui \u0111\u1ecbnh, c\u00f2n c\u00fang th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh th\u00ec theo c\u00e1c t\u1eadp t\u1ee5c c\u0169 \u2013 m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea5u gi\u1ebfm v\u00ec t\u00ednh b\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a t\u1eadp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u00f3. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c c\u00fang h\u00e8m c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n theo v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o d\u00e2m t\u1eeb. D\u00f5i theo \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a mang quan ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ed9i l\u1ec5 x\u01b0ng t\u1ee5ng th\u1ea7n linh th\u00ec h\u00e8m c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ea5m k\u1ecb. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 suy ra t\u1eeb nguy\u00ean c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef h\u00e8m t\u1eeb c\u00e1c di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn h\u1ed9i l\u1ec5 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u0103m 1945 tr\u00ean v\u00f9ng B\u1eafc B\u1ed9. Kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian n\u0103m, b\u1ea3y th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ee7 cho m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u1edd c\u00fang b\u00ean l\u1ec1 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf chuy\u1ec3n bi\u1ebfn, ch\u1eadm ch\u1ea1p, ngo\u1eaft ngo\u00e9o, \u0111\u1ec3 thu nh\u1eadn nhi\u1ec1u y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 mang t\u00ednh b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd, c\u1ea7n s\u1ef1 \u1ee9ng bi\u1ebfn trong th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi quan s\u00e1t c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng linh \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u1eafm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t l\u1ec7ch l\u1ea1c \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn Nh\u00ecn c\u00e1c h\u00e8m trong l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i, ta g\u1eb7p c\u00e1c l\u1ec1 l\u1ed1i c\u00fang t\u1ebf, x\u01b0ng t\u1ee5ng th\u1ea7n linh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u201ck\u00ec qu\u1eb7c\u201c, \u201cx\u1ea5u xa\u201c, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng h\u00e8m th\u1eadt kh\u00e1 b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng theo con m\u1eaft th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ee5c nh\u01b0 d\u00f9ng tr\u00e2u s\u1ee5c b\u00f9n th\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u01b0\u1edbc, t\u1ee5c r\u01b0\u1edbc cung t\u00ean...C\u00f3 v\u1ebb nh\u01b0 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed5i thay kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 c\u00f3 b\u00e0n tay ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n can thi\u1ec7p m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ki\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch theo \u2013 th\u1eddi: b\u1ecf \u00f4ng th\u1ea7n qu\u00ea m\u00f9a \u0111\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng \u00f4ng th\u1ea7n ho\u00e0ng v\u0103n hoa \u201ccao c\u1ea5p\u201c. Nh\u01b0ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c h\u00e8m \u0111\u1ec1u mang t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch b\u00ean l\u1ec1 nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i; \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi, n\u00f3 mang m\u1ed9t \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 l\u1ec7ch l\u1ea1c v\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ea3i \u00edt nhi\u1ec1u gi\u1ea5u gi\u1ebfm che \u0111\u1eady ( gi\u1ea5u v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u00e0i, t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n l\u00e0ng x\u00e3 kh\u00e1c, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0o \u0111\u00eam khuya, gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch b\u1eb1ng l\u00ed do chi\u1ec1u theo s\u1edf th\u00edch c\u1ee7a Th\u1ea7n). \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m ta nghi ng\u1edd r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c h\u00e8m \u201ck\u00ec qu\u00e1i , x\u1ea5u xa\u201c ng\u00e0y nay tuy c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n mu\u1ed9n nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i g\u1ea7n h\u01a1n h\u1ebft v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t v\u1edbi c\u00e1c l\u1ed1i th\u1edd c\u00fang x\u01b0a c\u0169, v\u00e0o th\u1eddi ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh di\u1ec5n b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng m\u1eb7c c\u1ea3m, kh\u00f4ng e s\u1ee3. V\u00e0 v\u00ec v\u1eady, ta \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a v\u1ec1 ch\u1eef \u201c\u0111\u00e0ng h\u00e8m\u201c c\u1ee7a Hu\u1ef3nh T\u1ecbnh C\u1ee7a: C\u00e1i khe n\u01a1i h\u00f2m th\u00f9ng (8) Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n x\u01b0a h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ra ( v\u00ed d\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a A. De Rhodes c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XVII) \u0111\u1ec3 nghe ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi hi\u1ec3u h\u00e8m ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 g\u00ec. Nh\u01b0ng n\u00ean l\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a mi\u1ec1n Nam \u0111ang s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng trong hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb c\u1ed5 m\u00e0 l\u01b0u d\u00e2n B\u1eafc \u0111\u00e3 mang \u0111i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u1edf qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1edbi trong khi n\u00f3 bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t hay thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u1edf v\u00f9ng g\u1ed1c. Ca dao: \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00f4 x\u1ee9 Ngh\u1ec7 quanh quanh... Ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u201cv\u00f4\u201c \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ed1ng \u1edf ph\u00eda b\u1eafc x\u1ee9 Ngh\u1ec7 An trong khi ng\u00e0y nay n\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a v\u00f9ng Hu\u1ebf tr\u1edf v\u00e0o: Con c\u00e1 trong l\u1edd gi\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00f4i m\u1eaft \u0111\u1ecf","Con c\u00e1 ngo\u00e0i m\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ea5p l\u00f3 mu\u1ed1n v\u00f4 (H\u00e1t ru Qu\u1ea3ng Nam) B\u1eb1ng c\u1edb c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 b\u1ea3o l\u01b0u \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u1edf l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay m\u00e0 t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng sinh ho\u1ea1t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i m\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n. V\u1edbi ch\u1eef h\u00e8m, c\u00e1c t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n B\u1eafc ( hay l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a so\u1ea1n gi\u1ea3 B\u1eafc, khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng B\u1eafc) \u0111\u1ec1u d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i \u1edf ngh\u0129a c\u1ea5m k\u1ecb trong th\u1edd c\u00fang (kh\u00f4ng k\u1ec3 ch\u1eef h\u00e8m l\u00e0 b\u00e3 r\u01b0\u1ee3u) trong khi kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t ai nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a Hu\u1ef3nh T\u1ecbnh C\u1ee7a, \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1eef h\u00e8m ph\u1ea3i gh\u00e9p th\u00eam m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfng kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 mang \u1ea9n ngh\u0129a \u201c\u00e2m v\u1eadt\u201c. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn ra khi ta bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng th\u1ee3 m\u1ed9c th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1c ti\u1ebfng t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eefng b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u1eb7p \u0111\u00f4i r\u00e1p n\u1ed1i nhau. Nh\u00ecn \u1edf quan \u0111i\u1ec3m Nho Gi\u00e1o mang t\u00ednh nghi\u00eam kh\u1eafc v\u1edbi d\u1ee5c t\u00ednh, v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p d\u00e2m t\u1eeb \u201cb\u1eady b\u1ea1\u201c, kh\u00f4ng theo \u201cl\u1ec5\u201c (ch\u1eafc ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00f3 tr\u00ecnh di\u1ec5n bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9 d\u1ee5c t\u00ednh nh\u01b0 r\u01b0\u1edbc sinh th\u1ef1c kh\u00ed) th\u00ec ngh\u0129a ch\u1eef h\u00e8m l\u00e0 \u201ckhe h\u00f2m\u201c c\u1ee7a P.C\u1ee7a h\u1eb3n h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 - ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c v\u00ec n\u00f3 c\u00f3 d\u1ea5u mai m\u1ed9t r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t. N\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5 m\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129a li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ee5c th\u1edd c\u00fang ph\u1ed3n th\u1ef1c, tr\u00ecnh di\u1ec5n v\u00e0 ph\u00f4 b\u00e0y \u00fd th\u1ee9c b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ec1 c\u00e1i gi\u1ed1ng, v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 giao ph\u1ed1i t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. C\u00e1c h\u1ed9i l\u1ec5 h\u00e8m v\u1ed1n b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, khi tr\u1ea3i qua c\u1ea5m \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch lu\u1ed3n l\u1ecdt \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 h\u00e8m m\u1edbi l\u00e0 c\u1ea5m k\u1ecb, t\u1eeb \u201ch\u00e8m\u201c m\u1edbi mang \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ea5m k\u1ecb. C\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eafc th\u00eam r\u1eb1ng t\u1eeb n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 trong s\u00e1ch (1895-1896) c\u1ee7a Hu\u1ef3nh T\u1ecbnh C\u1ee7a, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 quan ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 \u201ch\u00e8m\u201c (c\u1ea5m k\u1ecb) th\u1eadt xa l\u1ea1 trong sinh ho\u1ea1t l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam V\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt mang t\u00ednh qu\u1ed1c gi\u00e1o, m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn h\u00e8m th\u1ea7n n\u00fap trong c\u00e1c \u0111\u00ecnh th\u1edd Ph\u1eadt nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng v\u00ec \u00f4ng Ph\u1eadt b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i th\u1edd m\u00e0 m\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t. S\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u00ec l\u00e0m sao gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf th\u1edd c\u00fang g\u1ed1c \u0111\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1m tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u01b0a chu\u1ed9ng, n\u1ed5i l\u00ean th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 qu\u1ed1c gia quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0o n\u1eeda th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XV. L\u00e0m sao gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf th\u1edd c\u00fang \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u00f4ng Ph\u1eadt hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n, \u0111\u00e3 m\u01b0\u1ee3n quan ni\u1ec7m l\u1eadp h\u1eadu c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 Ch\u00f9a l\u1ea1i tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111\u00ecnh th\u1ea7n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ch\u00f9a? \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u00e1c th\u1ea7n linh t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 l\u1ea1i c\u00f2n t\u00ecm ra \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tho\u00e1t n\u01a1i m\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edbng chuy\u1ec3n bi\u1ebfn kh\u00e1c khi \u00fd th\u1ee9c h\u1ec7 Nho Gi\u00e1o v\u01b0\u01a1n l\u00ean n\u1eafm vai tr\u00f2 ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, \u0111i t\u00ecm m\u1ed9t \u00f4ng t\u1ed5 cho vua, cho \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, cho v\u01b0\u01a1ng quy\u1ec1n ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Ch\u00fa th\u00edch: (1) V\u0110ULT,tr71 (2) Theo h\u1ed3i k\u00ed c\u1ee7a H\u1ed3 Nguy\u00ean Tr\u1eebng trong Nam \u00d4ng m\u1ed9ng l\u1ee5c, b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch th\u01a1 v\u0103n L\u00ed, Tr\u1ea7n, t.III ( H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i 1978),tr.711 (3) V\u0110ULT, tr. 131-132 (4) V\u0110ULT, tr. 90-91 (5) V\u0169 Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ec1, C\u00f4ng d\u01b0 ti\u1ec7p k\u00ed, q.III (b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch S\u00e0i G\u00f2n 1962) tr.87-89 (6) Bia An Sinh V\u01b0\u01a1ng, theo \u0110NNTC, t\u1ec9nh H\u1ea3i D\u01b0\u01a1ng, III (b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch S\u00e0i G\u00f2n 1969) tr.77 (8) Nguy\u00ean v\u0103n: \u0110\u00e0ng h\u00e8m: \u0111\u00e0ng hai m\u00ed h\u00f2m th\u00f9ng gh\u00e9p l\u1ea1i m\u00e0 c\u00f2n h\u1edf ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u00e9t m\u00e0 tr\u00e9t d\u00e0i theo C\u00e1c t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n G\u00e9nibrel, G. Hue, Gouin \u0111\u1ec1u gi\u1ea3i ch\u1eef \u201c\u0111\u00e0ng h\u00e8m\u201c l\u00e0 fente, c\u00f3 v\u1ebb l\u1ea5y t\u1eeb P.C\u1ee7a tuy kh\u00f4ng h\u1ebft \u00fd Vi\u1ec7t Nam t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a h\u1ed9i khai tr\u00ed ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ee9c ( H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i 1931) \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a h\u00e8m: \u201c1. V\u00ec s\u1ef1 k\u1ecb h\u00fay m\u00e0 ki\u00eang t\u00ean 2. L\u1ec5 ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00fang ri\u00eang theo s\u1edf th\u00edch c\u1ee7a 1 v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3\u201c Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 t\u1eeb \u201c \u0111\u00e0ng h\u00e8m\u201c III. H\u00d9NG V\u01af\u01a0NG, H\u1ed2I VANG C\u1ee6A L\u1ecaCH S\u1eec V\u1eccNG V\u00c0O D\u00c2N CH\u00daNG K\u1ebeT T\u1eacP TH\u00c0NH \u00dd TH\u1ee8C Ng\u00e0y nay, qua c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f9ng bi\u1ebft danh x\u01b0ng H\u00f9ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n","s\u1edbm nh\u1ea5t trong th\u01b0 t\u1ecbch l\u00e0 v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 V ( Nam Vi\u1ec7t ch\u00ed). Th\u01b0 t\u1ecbch Vi\u1ec7t nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn H\u00f9ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1edbm nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 V\u0110ULT(1329) trong truy\u1ec7n T\u1ea3n Vi\u00ean. Truy\u1ec7n n\u00e0y tuy d\u1eabn Giao Ch\u1ec9 k\u00ed c\u1ee7a T\u0103ng C\u1ed5n (th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 IX) nh\u01b0ng d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft huy\u1ec1n ho\u1eb7c, t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi nay b\u1eb1ng \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n ng\u1eafn \u1edf VSL(1377) c\u00f3 t\u00ednh h\u1eefu l\u00ed \u1edf ch\u1ed7 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 t\u1eadp trung quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c si\u00eau nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u \u201c\u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc\u201c Vi\u1ec7t c\u1ed5. Nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng l\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng, ngay trong truy\u1ec7n th\u1ea7n T\u1ea3n Vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a V\u0110ULT, H\u00f9ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng, nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t \u1edf \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb t\u1ed1i cao v\u00e0o th\u1eddi sau, trong try\u1ec7n c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u00f4ng vua c\u00f3 \u201c\u0111\u1ea5t r\u1ed9ng d\u00e2n \u0111\u00f4ng\u201c, v\u1eady m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i b\u00f3ng l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng th\u1ea7n n\u00fai. Trong l\u1ea7n phong th\u1ea7n 1285 \u2013 k\u1ec3 l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 ghi nh\u1eadn d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft xa x\u01b0a nh\u1ea5t \u2013 h\u1ecd Tr\u1ea7n ch\u1ec9 phong cho S\u0129 Nhi\u1ebfp, Ph\u00f9ng H\u01b0ng, Hai B\u00e0 Tr\u01b0ng, Tri\u1ec7u Quang Ph\u1ee5c, H\u1eadu L\u00ed Nam \u0110\u1ebf, S\u01a1n Tinh m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed9ng g\u00ec t\u1edbi H\u00f9ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng. L\u00ea T\u1eafc nh\u1eafc t\u1edbi L\u1ea1c V\u01b0\u01a1ng (9) v\u00ec d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o Giao Ch\u00e2u ngoai v\u1ef1c k\u00ed, nh\u01b0ng v\u1edbi kinh nghi\u1ec7m hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u0103m 1285 ( n\u0103m \u00f4ng h\u00e0ng Nguy\u00ean) \u2013 nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i, c\u0169ng l\u00e0 n\u0103m Tr\u1ea7n phong th\u1ea7n to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 \u2013 th\u00ec c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn H\u00f9ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 khi \u00f4ng nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn T\u1ea3n Vi\u00ean, Ph\u00f9 \u0110\u1ed5ng \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 th\u1ee9 XIII, truy\u1ec7n t\u00edch H\u00f9ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u01b0a n\u1ea3y n\u1edf, hay \u00edt ra ch\u01b0a ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Th\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ebfp v\u00e0o t\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c th\u1edd c\u00fang th\u00ec kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 k\u1ebb l\u1ea1 b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng thu\u1eadn l\u00ed m\u1ed9t ch\u1eebng m\u1ef1c n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian th\u1eed th\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp an to\u00e0n. \u1ede V\u0110ULT kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u00f4ng H\u00f9ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1edd c\u00fang, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00f4ng H\u00f9ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng III (hay IV) n\u00e0o chen v\u00e0o chuy\u1ec7n \u00f4ng Ph\u00f9 \u0110\u1ed5ng, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u00e1 ph\u1ea7n t\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 th\u1ee9 XIV, chuy\u1ec7n H\u00f9ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng, n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 th\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghe th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, th\u00ec v\u1eabn c\u00f2n n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i d\u00e2n gian. V\u00e0 \u00f4ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1edd c\u00fang c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn, ANC n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t \u201cn\u1ec1n c\u0169 cung vua L\u1ea1c\u201c c\u00f2n \u1edf ch\u00e2u Tam \u0110\u00e1i, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Minh qua (1407) \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec1n H\u00f9ng \u1edf \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m ng\u00e0y nay (10). R\u1ed3i v\u00e0i m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m sau V\u0110ULT, khu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t H\u00f9ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh, c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f3 \u0111u\u00f4i, c\u00f3 d\u00e2y m\u01a1 r\u1ec5 m\u00e1 ch\u1eb1ng ch\u1ecbt v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1 ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh, \u0111\u1ee7 c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o truy\u1ec7n t\u00edch v\u00e0 s\u1eed k\u00ed. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 t\u00edch t\u1ee5 ng\u1ea7m h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m n\u0103m \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1eeda th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 th\u1ee9 XIV th\u00ec c\u00e1c truy\u1ec7n t\u00edch H\u00f9ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1ed9c ph\u00e1t lan tr\u00e0n v\u00e0 h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 l\u1ea1i trong s\u00e1ch v\u1edf: c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nho th\u00eam th\u1eaft \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n bi\u1ec7n minh v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ed5, m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u00f2n thi\u1ebfu trong l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft v\u01b0\u01a1ng quy\u1ec1n vay m\u01b0\u1ee3n. V\u00e0 c\u0169ng b\u1edfi g\u1eafn b\u00f3 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n \u1ea5y m\u00e0 t\u1eeb ng\u1eef H\u00f9ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1eadm n\u00e9t \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n t\u00ednh hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i (\u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi) \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u1ea5n \u00e1t t\u1eeb L\u1ea1c V\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00fac n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u201cc\u1ed5 h\u1ee7\u201c ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb c\u0169 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i r\u1eddi b\u1ecf thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 r\u1ed3i B\u1edfi v\u00ec \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e2u d\u00e0i v\u1ec1 ch\u1eef h\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. D\u1ef1a v\u00e0o tin t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00f3, s\u1eed gia Tr\u1ea7n Qu\u1ed1c V\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch r\u1eb1ng \u201ch\u00f9ng\u201c l\u00e0 phi\u00ean \u00e2m c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ch\u1eef vi\u1ec7t c\u1ed5 ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 th\u1ee7 l\u0129nh, c\u00f3 h\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u00e0o con v\u1edbi c\u00e1c danh x\u01b0ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1: cun, khun, khunzt c\u00f9ng ch\u1ec9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7m \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1ed9c \u0111o\u00e0n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u01b0\u1eddng, Th\u00e1i, Munda. S\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u0111o b\u1ecb \u00f4ng Hu\u1ec7 Thi\u00ean b\u00e0i b\u00e1c tr\u00ean ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n ng\u1eef h\u1ecdc (11) nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf s\u1ef1 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n ch\u1eef h\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n l\u00e2u d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ng\u1eef ngh\u0129a, t\u1eeb nguy\u00ean m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng n\u1eefa. N\u1ebfu ch\u1eef H\u00f9ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf Nam Vi\u1ec7t Ch\u00ed c\u00f3 th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m ghi nh\u1eadn g\u1ea7n g\u0169i (so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 sau) v\u1edbi ch\u1eef l\u1ea1c \u1edf Giao Ch\u00e2u ngo\u1ea1i v\u1ef1c k\u00ed, c\u00e0 2 l\u00e0m ta ph\u00e2n v\u00e2n l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn th\u00ec ch\u1eef h\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a T\u0103ng C\u1ed5n, vi\u00ean quan \u0111\u00f4 h\u1ed9 c\u00f9ng h\u00e0nh qu\u00e2n v\u1edbi Cao Bi\u1ec1n, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1eb1ng c\u1edb \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t danh x\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7m \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n d\u00e2n b\u1ea3n x\u1ee9 tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t Giao Ch\u1ec9 \/ Giao Ch\u00e2u \/ An Nam. VSL, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i, tuy c\u00e0ng mu\u1ed9n h\u01a1n, nh\u01b0ng b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng mang l\u1ea1i c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u00eam n\u1ed9i dung d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c h\u1ecdc d\u00ea thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c ng\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u00e0y nay: H\u00f9ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 th\u1ee9 VII. Tr.C.n. l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p s\u01b0, t\u00f3m th\u00e2u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea7n quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 th\u1ebf quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0o trong tay. VSL t\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ea5y ngu\u1ed3n tin \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n tin B\u1eafc s\u1eed nh\u00ecn ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7m \u0111\u1ea7u \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y theo t\u00ean c\u1ee7a t\u1ed9c \u0111o\u00e0n: L\u1ea1c (Vi\u1ec7t) Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf k\u00ed \u1ee9c c\u1ee7a t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 d\u00e2n ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 l\u01b0u gi\u1eef h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7m \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t tr\u01b0\u1edbc","th\u1eddi ngo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed9c ( trong m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c t\u1eadp h\u1ecdp ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3) m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng d\u1ea1ng h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 \u2013 c\u00f3 co r\u00fat, c\u00f3 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ed9t ch\u1eebng m\u1ef1c \u2013 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n l\u01b0u gi\u1eef trong su\u1ed1t th\u1eddi B\u1eafc thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0 v\u1ec1 sau, khi\u1ebfn cho k\u00ed \u1ee9c th\u00eam c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1, b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng. \u201cC\u1ed1 ch\u1ec9\u201c c\u1ee7a \u201ccung L\u1ea1c V\u01b0\u01a1ng\u201c c\u00f2n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi Minh th\u1ea5y h\u1eb3n l\u00e0 d\u00e2n ch\u00fang l\u1eadp n\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1edd \u00f4ng H\u00f9ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi nh\u00e0 nho v\u00e0 tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh vua ch\u00faa bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u00f9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng xa x\u00f4i, xa x\u01b0a, v\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 h\u1ea1i cho uy quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, nh\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi xu\u1ea5t th\u00e2n \u1edf khu v\u1ef1c \u201cv\u0103n minh\u201c h\u01a1n. Ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ebfn sau n\u00e0y, m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m lang \u0111\u1ea1o kh\u00e1c l\u00ean n\u1eafm ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n m\u1edbi th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng g\u1ed1c g\u00e1c l\u00e0 thu\u1eadn chi\u1ec1u v\u1edbi t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf m\u00e0 h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Nh\u1eefng truy\u1ec7n t\u00edch v\u1ec1 \u00f4ng vua t\u1ed5 th\u1eddi xa x\u01b0a \u0111\u00f3 t\u1eadp h\u1ecdp trong LNCQ t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 m\u1eb7t m\u1edbi cho nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt H\u00f9ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng th\u1eadt kh\u00f3 bi\u1ebft r\u1ea1ch r\u00f2i b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn n\u00e0o l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft, ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o l\u00e0 s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c, th\u00eam b\u1edbt, ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a Tr\u1ea7n Th\u1ebf Ph\u00e1p, Ki\u1ec1u Ph\u00fa, ch\u01b0a k\u1ec3 V\u0169 Qu\u1ef3nh \u0111\u00e3 so\u1ea1n l\u1ea1i h\u1eb3n th\u00e0nh b\u1ea3n m\u1edbi (12) D\u00f9 sao ta v\u1eabn th\u1ea5y ra trong LNCQ, nh\u00f3m truy\u1ec7n L\u1ea1c Long Qu\u00e2n, \u00c2u C\u01a1 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t H\u00f9ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng n\u1ed1i k\u1ebft nhau b\u1eb1ng chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ebb tr\u1ee9ng, chia con. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec s\u1ef1 n\u1ed1i k\u1ebft n\u00e0y m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc H\u00f9ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ed9ng \u0110\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a L\u1ea1c Long Qu\u00e2n khi\u1ebfn \u00f4ng H. Masp\u00e9ro ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng t\u00ecm ra m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc D\u1ea1 Lang g\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch ch\u1eef V\u0103n Lang. Truy\u1ec7n H\u1ed3ng B\u00e0ng n\u1eb1m t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t trong LNCQ v\u00ec ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t trong v\u1ecb tr\u00ed xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, tuy \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u00e0y nay gi\u1ea3i thich nh\u01b0 ch\u1ee9ng t\u00edch c\u1ee7a v\u0103n minh \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1 (s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 tr\u00ean c\u1ea1n \u2013 d\u01b0\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc...) \u2013 hay l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a \u201cv\u0103n minh Man\u201c theo E.Por\u00e9e-Masp\u00e9ro \u2013 nh\u01b0ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 mang \u0111\u1eadm m\u00e0u s\u1eafc, ng\u0169 h\u00e0nh Trung Hoa \u0111\u1eb7t con r\u1ed3ng c\u1ea7m tinh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00f4ng, con chim h\u1ed3ng ph\u00eda Nam, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 ch\u1ee9ng t\u00edch Tr\u1ea7n l\u1ea5n xu\u1ed1ng Nam c\u1ee7a t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n H\u00e1n t\u1ed9c. Tuy nhi\u00ean truy\u1ec7n H\u1ed3ng B\u00e0ng \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea7u s\u00e1ch cho ta th\u1ea5y n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt \u00fd th\u1ee9c mu\u1ed1n gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eadp h\u1ecdp truy\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng truy\u1ec7n t\u00edch nh\u01b0 chi\u1ebfc c\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i h\u01b0 \u1ea3o v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, d\u1eabn t\u1eeb huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Vi\u1ec7t c\u1ed5 H\u00f9ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng ( v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3, L\u1ea1c long Qu\u00e2n \u2013 \u00c2u C\u01a1) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gh\u00e9p v\u00e0o c\u00e1c truy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 phong t\u1ee5c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i tin t\u01b0\u1edfng, sinh ho\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n ch\u00fang v\u00f9ng Vi\u1ec7t c\u1ed5. Vi\u1ec7c gh\u00e9p n\u00e0y th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 trong truy\u1ec7n c\u1ed1ng b\u1ea1ch tr\u0129 \u2013 c\u00f3 th\u00eam \u00f4ng H\u00f9ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o g\u1ed1c s\u00e1ch B\u1eafc s\u1eed. Danh hi\u1ec7u H\u00f9ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng chung chung \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc t\u1edbi trong truy\u1ec7n Tr\u1ea7u Cau, D\u01b0a h\u1ea5u, B\u1ea1ch tr\u0129. H\u00f9ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng (suy \u0111o\u00e1n theo hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft b\u00e2y gi\u1edd) l\u00e0 trong truy\u1ec7n L\u00ed \u00d4ng Tr\u1ecdng, S\u01a1n Tinh Th\u1ee7y Tinh \u2013 Kim Qui v\u00ec c\u00f3 nh\u1eafc t\u1edbi An D\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng \/ Th\u1ee5c V\u01b0\u01a1ng Ph\u00e1n. H\u00f9ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng III l\u00e0 \u1edf truy\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea7m nh\u1ea5t d\u1ea1 ( Ch\u1eed \u0110\u1ed3ng T\u1eed \u2013 Ti\u00ean Dung), \u1edf \u0110\u1ed5ng Thi\u00ean V\u01b0\u01a1ng, B\u00e1nh ch\u01b0ng, Vi\u1ec7t t\u1ec9nh (c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n ng\u1ed1c th\u01b0 t\u1ecbch T\u1ed1ng Nguy\u00ean). Kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i (H\u00f9ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng III) nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. Tr\u1eeb chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea7m Nh\u1ea5t D\u1ea1, c\u00f3 chi ti\u1ebft \u201cvua ch\u00e1u 3 \u0111\u1eddi\u201c c\u00f2n c\u00e1c truy\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c th\u00ec xoay quanh truy\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ed5ng Thi\u00ean V\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u01b0\u1ee3n c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft \u201cvua \u00c2n\u201c (Vi\u1ec7t t\u1ec9nh), ph\u00e1 gi\u1eb7c \u00c2n xong li\u1ec1n t\u00ednh chuy\u1ec7n truy\u1ec1n ng\u00f4i (B\u00e1nh ch\u01b0ng) Ch\u00fang ta l\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng \u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed1ng ch\u00ednh hi\u1ec7u (Xung Thi\u00ean Th\u1ea7n V\u01b0\u01a1ng) \u1edf l\u00e0ng Ph\u00f9 \u0110\u1ed5ng trong V\u0110ULT, ph\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u0103m 1329, ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u00f4ng th\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ecba Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed l\u00e0m ch\u1ee9c h\u1ed9 ph\u00e1p cho ch\u00f9a Ki\u1ebfn S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u00f4ng th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1edd trong d\u00e2m t\u1eeb. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u1ebfm b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XVIII, khi truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 sau \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp. Trong l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng S\u00f3c Thi\u00ean V\u01b0\u01a1ng (c\u0169ng c\u1ee7a V\u0110ULT) ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Hi\u1ec1n \/ Ch\u1ea5t (1422 - ?, ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 1449, \u0111i s\u1ee9 Minh 1408) m\u1edbi l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee9u n\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1ea7n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee9a b\u00e9 l\u1edbn l\u00ean, c\u00f3 ng\u1ef1a c\u00f9ng c\u00f4ng t\u00edch, \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 v\u00e0o h\u1eadu b\u00e1n th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XIII; L\u00ea T\u1eafc ghi nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi anh h\u00f9ng d\u1eb9p lo\u1ea1n gi\u00fap vua, \u201csau kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft \u0111i \u0111\u00e2u m\u1ea5t\u201c. Hai th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 tr\u00f4i qua t\u1eeb L\u00ea T\u1eafc m\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Hi\u1ec1n \/ Ch\u1ea5t c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1eb9p cho truy\u1ec7n t\u00edch \u00f4ng ghi nh\u1eadn \u201ctheo c\u1ed1 l\u00e3o t\u01b0\u01a1ng truy\u1ec1n\u201c. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i H\u00f9ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng III l\u00e0 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb ch\u00ednh LNCQ, m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u l\u00ed do, t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u quan ni\u1ec7m, th\u00f3i quen suy ngh\u0129 d\u00ednh l\u00edu \u0111\u1ebfn con s\u1ed1 3: ch\u00e1u ba \u0111\u1eddi Th\u1ea7n N\u00f4ng, \u00fd ni\u1ec7m tam v\u1ecb, tam t\u00e0i, c\u00e1ch suy ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 3 \u0111\u1eddi t\u1eeb \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00e1u...R\u1ed3i khi s\u00e1ch v\u1edf \u0111\u00e3 ghi nh\u1eadn th\u00ec d\u1ec5 cho chuy\u1ec7n con s\u1ed1 3","tr\u01b0\u1ee3t sang con s\u1ed1 6 theo c\u00e1ch vi\u1ebft ch\u1eef H\u00e1n (v\u00e0) khi\u1ebfn cho \u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed5ng Thi\u00ean V\u01b0\u01a1ng sau LNCQ gi\u00fap H\u00f9ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng VI V\u00e0 Th\u1ee5c An D\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc t\u1edbi v\u00ec m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 k\u1ebf t\u1ee5c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi trong s\u00e1ch x\u01b0a. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1i \u0111inh trong c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a th\u01b0 t\u1ecbch Trung Qu\u1ed1c l\u00e0 m\u1ed1i t\u00ecnh Tr\u1ecdng Th\u1ee7y \u2013 M\u1ecb Ch\u00e2u v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea7n Cao Th\u00f4ng c\u00f3 n\u1ecf qu\u00ed, chuy\u1ec3n sang LNCQ th\u00e0nh b\u00e1u v\u1eadt c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7n Kim Qui v\u1edbi chuy\u1ec7n x\u00e2y th\u00e0nh C\u1ed5 Loa, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n th\u1ea7n thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00f9m l\u00ean truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft ngo\u1ea1i, x\u01b0a c\u0169. M\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan H\u00f9ng \u2013 Th\u1ee5c \u1edf truy\u1ec7n Kim Qui \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ec3 \u201cth\u1ef1c th\u00e0\u201c h\u01a1n l\u00e0 \u1edf c\u00e1c truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 sau: Tuy kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 chuy\u1ec7n An D\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u01b0\u1edbp \u0111\u1ea5t H\u00f9ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng, nh\u01b0ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng x\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh v\u00ec \u201ctinh kh\u00ed n\u00fai s\u00f4ng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 con vua tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o b\u00e1o th\u00f9\u201c Trong khi \u1edf c\u00e1c truy\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c, t\u00ean H\u00f9ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xen v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n nguy\u00ean c\u1edb g\u1ed1c g\u00e1c th\u00ec \u1edf truy\u1ec7n Kim Qui, m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Tri\u1ec7u \u0110\u00e0 khi\u1ebfn An D\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1eaft c\u1ea7u cho H\u00f9ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt n\u00e0y tho\u00e1t c\u00e1i v\u1ecf th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a truy\u1ec7n H\u1ed3ng B\u00e0ng, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u00f3 c\u1ed9i r\u1ec5 b\u00e1m ch\u1eafc trong tr\u00ed ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc, c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 c\u00e1i ch\u00e2n l\u00ed tr\u00e0n ng\u1eadp t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng ch\u00e2n l\u00ed c\u1ee7a l\u00ed tr\u00ed, hi\u1ec3n hi\u1ec7n qua b\u1eb1ng c\u1edb s\u00e1ch v\u1edb m\u1edbi. T\u1eadp h\u1ecdp truy\u1ec7n t\u00edch LNCQ do \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 mang l\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 khi\u1ebfn cho nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u00f2n m\u1edd nh\u1ea1t tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh linh \u0111\u1ed9ng, ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng, gi\u1eef \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t sinh ho\u1ea1t tinh th\u1ea7n m\u1edbi h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch duy l\u00ed v\u00e0 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn h\u01a1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 do \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eadp h\u1ecdp trong \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u01b0\u01a1ng quy\u1ec1n duy l\u00ed \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 c\u00e1c vua H\u00f9ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n mang h\u00ecnh b\u00f3ng th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i, l\u1ea1i ng\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb tr\u00ean c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i \u2013 tuy ch\u01b0a tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi b\u1ea7u kh\u00ed \u0111\u00f3 \u2013 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef v\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb cao t\u1ed9t trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc. R\u1ed3i theo v\u1edbi th\u1eddi gian, h\u1ecd l\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ea7n linh chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 b\u1ea1c \u0111\u00e3i hay th\u1edd \u01a1 c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n, l\u1ea5y c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u1edf c\u00e1c x\u00f3m l\u00e0ng, n\u00fai \u0111\u1ed3ng, li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng th\u1ea7n linh h\u1eefu danh th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng chu\u1ea9n xuy\u00ean su\u1ed1t tr\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi tuy kh\u00f4ng thu h\u00fat, bao g\u1ed3m c\u00f9ng kh\u1eafp nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7y vinh d\u1ef1 c\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng cao gi\u00e1. Ch\u00fa th\u00edch: (9) L\u00ea T\u1eafc, s\u0111d, tr.39,41 (10) Ngan Nan tche yuan, s\u0111d tr.136; H. Masp\u00e9ro (\u201cEtudes d\u2019histoire d\u2019Annam \u2013 Le royaume de V\u0103n Lang\u201c, BEFEO XVIII (1918), in l\u1ea1i trong D\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam s\u1ed1 1,1948), c\u0169ng nh\u1eafc ANC ghi chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec1n H\u00f9ng v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XV v\u00e0 cho r\u1eb1ng Tr\u1ea7n l\u1eadp ra \u1edf \u0111\u1ea5y v\u00ec d\u1ef1a theo c\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eddi \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u00f9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc V\u0103n Lang. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc Tr\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng th\u1edd c\u00fang H\u00f9ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u00ec n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 th\u00ec h\u1eb3n \u0111\u00e3 phong t\u01b0\u1edbc. Ch\u1eef \u201cc\u1ed1 ch\u1ec9\u201c (n\u1ec1n x\u01b0a) ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf \u0111\u1ec1n thu\u1ed9c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng (11) Tr\u1ea7n Qu\u1ed1c V\u01b0\u1ee3ng, \u201c V\u1ec1 danh hi\u1ec7u H\u00f9ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng\u201c, H\u00f9ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u1ef1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc, t.III (H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i 1973). Tr.353-355; Hu\u1ec7 Thi\u00ean, \u201e\u201cH\u00f9ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng hay L\u1ea1c V\u01b0\u01a1ng?\u201c Ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c ng\u00e0y nay, 1-4-1992, tr 3-9 (12) Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi ch\u1ee9ng t\u00edch t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc, g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng Tr\u1ea7n Th\u1ebf Ph\u00e1p, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a LNCQ m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1 t\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean (1492) cho t\u1eadp s\u00e1ch c\u0169 \u0111\u1eddi Tr\u1ea7n \u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, v\u00e0 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi v\u1edbi Ki\u1ec1u Ph\u00fa, V\u0169 Qu\u1ef3nh (V\u0169 Qu\u1ef3nh \u2013 T\u00e2n \u0111\u00ednh LNCQ, B\u00f9i V\u0103n Nguy\u00ean d\u1ecbch thu\u1eadt, ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i, d\u1eabn nh\u1eadp, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i 1993) L\u1ea5y v\u00ed d\u1ee5 g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y nh\u1ea5t v\u00ea vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i n\u1ed9i dung \u00fd ngh\u0129a truy\u1ec7n t\u00edch do s\u1ef1 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbnh ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p, gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i \u0111i xa g\u1ed1c g\u00e1c nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. Trong truy\u1ec7n Ng\u01b0 tinh, \u00f4ng L\u00ea H\u1eefu M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00e3 cho nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt c\u1ee9u d\u00e2n c\u00e1i t\u00ean l\u00e0 \u0110\u00e0o Kim Long v\u00e0 c\u00f2n ch\u00fa th\u00eam \u201chay L\u1ea1c Long Qu\u00e2n\u201c. Th\u1ef1c ra \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 do l\u1ed1i ch\u1ea5m c\u00e2u ch\u1eef H\u00e1n kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e2u \u0111\u00fang ra ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0: Kim h\u00f4 vi Ph\u1eadt \u0110\u00e0o Kinh; Long qu\u00e2n m\u1eabn d\u00e2n b\u1ecb h\u1ea1i...\u201c v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3 chuy\u1ec3n ch\u1eef Long qu\u00e2n th\u00e0nh L\u1ea1c Long Qu\u00e2n khai th\u00e1ch theo \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u201cv\u0129 t\u00edch c\u1ee7a l\u1ea1c Long Qu\u00e2n\u201c Long Qu\u00e2n ( hay v\u01b0\u01a1ng) kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 L\u1ea1c Long Qu\u00e2n nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 v\u1ec1 \u00e2m v\u1eadn v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft (truy\u1ec7n H\u1ed3ng B\u00e0ng) \u0111\u1ec5 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta gh\u00e9p \u00f4ng vua r\u1ed3ng d\u01b0\u1edbi bi\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt cho l\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t. M\u1ed9t b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng kh\u00e1c, k\u1ec3 th\u00eam \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf \u00fd th\u1ee9c th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng gay g\u1eaft c\u1ee7a ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, phe ph\u00eda tuy kh\u00f4ng ai ch\u1ecbu th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn ai: Xem Cao Huy \u0110\u1ec9nh, \u201cG\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u th\u00e0nh v\u0103n th\u1eddi phong ki\u1ebfn n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a","nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ta ch\u1ed1ng gi\u1eb7c \u00c2n x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1edf th\u1eddi k\u00ec H\u00f9ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng\u201c, H\u00f9ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u1ef1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc, t.II ( H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i 1972), tr. 116, bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 v\u1ebb \u00f4ng Cao Huy \u0110\u1ec9nh \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u00e0i H\u1eadu t\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a Ki\u1ec1u Ph\u00fa (1446-?) \u0111\u1ec3 theo chi ti\u1ebft \u201cLong V\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u00f3a vi \u0110\u1ed5ng Thi\u00ean V\u01b0\u01a1ng...\u201c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong ba \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00e0 \u00f4ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i b\u1ea3n c\u1ed5. (Ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a Th\u01a1 V\u0103n L\u00ed Tr\u1ea7n, t.I, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i 1977, tr, 90-93). B\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng L\u00ea H\u1eefu M\u1ee5c ng\u00e0y nay gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 2 \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00e0 Ki\u1ec1u Ph\u00fa \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eeda: T\u1ea3n Vi\u00ean l\u00e0 con c\u1ee7a L\u1ea1c Long Qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 \u00c2u C\u01a1; L\u00ed \u00d4ng Tr\u1ecdng gi\u1ea3 b\u1ed9 b\u1ecb \u0111i t\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1ecfi b\u1ecb n\u00f4p cho T\u1ea7n \u2013 Duy ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 tuy\u1ec7n Vi\u1ec7t t\u1ec9nh th\u00ec l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 : H\u00f9ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u1ed5ng Thi\u00ean V\u01b0\u01a1ng theo l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a Long qu\u00e2n b\u1ea3o \u0111i c\u1ea7u hi\u1ec1n IV. H\u00d9NG V\u01af\u01a0NG V\u00c0O CH\u00cdNH S\u1eec V\u00c0 QUI T\u1ee4 TH\u1ea6N LINH Nh\u01b0ng trong r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a LNCQ, \u00fd ni\u1ec7m \u201cqu\u00e1i\u201c c\u00f2n khi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c \u00f4ng vua H\u00f9ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e2n ch\u00fang s\u00f9ng k\u00ednh v\u1eabn nh\u01b0 b\u00e8o b\u1ecdt b\u00e1m quanh c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt mang t\u00ednh t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n (nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt Ch\u1eed \u0110\u1ed3ng T\u1eed khai th\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7m l\u1ea7y, An Ti\u00eam khai th\u00e1c h\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea3o, l\u00e0m th\u01b0\u01a1ng nghi\u1ec7p, \u00f4ng ho\u00e0ng l\u00e0m b\u00e1nh d\u1ea7y...) hay quanh c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt \u201cc\u00f3 th\u1ef1c\u201c \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e0 c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n c\u00fang t\u1ebf, phong ch\u1ee9c. H\u1ecd ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c \u0111ang l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi \u2013 c\u00e1c nho s\u0129 \u2013 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn, tuy b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng tho\u00e1t \u00e1m \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ec7n qu\u00e1i (13), nh\u01b0 trong t\u1eadp h\u1ecdp c\u1ee7a Tr\u1ea7n Th\u1ebf Ph\u00e1p ghi l\u1ea1i. Tuy nhi\u00ean c\u0169ng nh\u1edd b\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 nho s\u0129 n\u00e0o ti\u1ebfn th\u00eam m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc, t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t lu\u1eadn c\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ee7 cho h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u00ecnh ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn th\u00ec c\u00e1c chuy\u1ec7n qu\u00e1i c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n ch\u00fang s\u1ebd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i v\u00e0o ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdp c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o d\u00e2m t\u1eeb, c\u00f3 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng di\u1ec5n ti\u1ebfn b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p, khuynh \u0111\u1ea3o m\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn c\u1eed c\u00f3 l\u00ed lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c. V\u00e0 H\u1ed3 T\u00f4ng Th\u1ed1c\/X\u00e1c ( hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n n\u0103m 1372 v\u1edbi ch\u1ee9c H\u00e0n l\u00e2m vi\u1ec7n s\u0129 h\u1ecdc) l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p H\u00f9ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o ch\u00ednh s\u1eed c\u00e1c \u00f4ng H\u00f9ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng \u2013 v\u1eeba nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt l\u1ecbch s\u1eed b\u1ecb l\u00e3ng qu\u00ean, v\u1eeba nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ea7n linh d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf l\u1ea1i trong \u00fd h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ec3 con ch\u00e1u, h\u1eadu nh\u00e2n chu to\u00e0n quan ni\u1ec7m trung hi\u1ebfu ( c\u1ee7a Nho Gi\u00e1o) v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u1ef1ng nh\u00e0. \u0110\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e2u tr\u00e1ch m\u00f3c ( ki\u1ec3u ch\u00ea \u201ckhuynh h\u1eefu\u201c) l\u00e0 t\u1ea1i sao \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng theo \u201cth\u00e1nh hi\u1ec1n ...b\u00e0i tr\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec1u qu\u00e1i d\u1ecb\u201c, H\u1ed3 T\u00f4ng Th\u1ed1c\/X\u00e1c vi\u1ec7n d\u1eabn r\u1eb1ng \u201cTrung Hoa c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a h\u01a1n n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t m\u00e0 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng thuy\u1ebft m\u00f4 h\u1ed3 nh\u01b0 chuy\u1ec7n (b\u00e0 N\u1eef Oa) v\u00e1 tr\u1eddi\u201c \u0111i v\u00e0o s\u1eed s\u00e1ch. Hu\u1ed1ng chi, theo \u0111i\u1ec1u \u00f4ng th\u1ea5y, m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed th\u00e0nh v\u0103n th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 g\u1ed1c g\u00e1c t\u1eeb l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a truy\u1ec7n k\u1ec3: \u201c t\u1eeb x\u01b0a t\u1edbi nay, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 t\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi ch\u00e9p \u0111\u1ec1u do l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1eadc k\u00ec l\u00e3o l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n\u201c n\u00ean \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng ng\u1ea7n ng\u1ea1i thu th\u1eadp \u201cnh\u1eefng t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u c\u1ed1 l\u00e3o l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n\u201c v\u00e0o s\u00e1ch Vi\u1ec7t Nam th\u1ebf ch\u00ed c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng S\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n n\u1eefa, nh\u01b0ng t\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ec1 s\u00e1ch cho th\u1ea5y \u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m mang t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t nghi\u00eam t\u00fac: \u201cGhi ch\u00e9p v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eddi (vua) c\u1ee7a v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t ph\u00eda nam n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t\u201c(c\u1ee7a Tri\u1ec7u \u0110\u00e0), th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n g\u00ec r\u00f5 h\u01a1n. Cho n\u00ean ta ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng Phan Huy Ch\u00fa c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng khi \u0111\u1eb7t n\u00f3 v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed7 v\u1edbi V\u0110ULT, LNCQ, ch\u01b0a cho n\u00f3 t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi chuy\u1ec7n \u201cqu\u00e1i\u201c(14). C\u0169ng theo Phan Huy Ch\u00fa th\u00ec s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y c\u00f3 quy\u1ec3n I ch\u00e9p th\u1ebf ph\u1ed5 18 \u0111\u1eddi H\u00f9ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng, quy\u1ec3n II m\u1edbi ch\u00e9p v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 Tri\u1ec7u. Vi\u1ec7c gh\u00e9p H\u00f9ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o chung s\u00e1ch v\u1edbi nh\u00e0 Tri\u1ec7u l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, vi\u1ec7c x\u1ebfp H\u00f9ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u00e0 Tri\u1ec7u (ta ph\u1ecfng \u0111o\u00e1n theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 x\u1ebfp \u0111\u1eb7t s\u00e1ch), vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0a ra con s\u1ed1 18 \u0111\u1eddi r\u00e0nh r\u1ebd (kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y trong LNCQ) ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 nghi\u00eam t\u00fac Tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i, Phan Huy Ch\u00fa \u0111\u1eb7t quy\u1ec3n Vi\u1ec7t s\u1eed c\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ee5c c\u0169ng c\u1ee7a H\u1ed3 T\u00f4ng Th\u1ed1c, v\u00e0o lo\u1ea1i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u201c\u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafn\u201c. S\u00e1ch n\u00e0y c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n, nh\u01b0ng d\u1ef1a theo \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a H\u1ed3 T\u00f4ng Th\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e0n \u1edf tr\u00ean th\u00ec c\u00f3 hi v\u1ecdng truy\u1ec7n H\u1ed3ng B\u00e0ng v\u00e0 18 \u0111\u1eddi vua H\u00f9ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ee9ng trong quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch sau c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng B\u01b0\u1edbc x\u1ebfp \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ea1nh d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a H\u1ed3 T\u00f4ng Th\u1ed1c l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang \u00f4ng, c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1eef m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 \u201cth\u01b0 k\u00ed\u201c cho Tr\u1ea7n Ngh\u1ec7 T\u00f4ng (H\u00e0n l\u00e2m h\u1ecdc s\u0129 ph\u1ee5ng ch\u1ec9 - 1386), con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 t\u00e0i l\u00e0m 100 b\u00e0i th\u01a1 trong m\u1ed9t b\u1eefa ti\u1ec7c l\u00e0 \u201cti\u1ebfng d\u1eady kinh s\u01b0\u201c, nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u01a1ng theo th\u1eddi th\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1","ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t quan \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n g\u00e2y b\u00e0n c\u00e3i n\u1eefa. Tr\u1ea7n Minh T\u00f4ng (gi\u1eef ng\u00f4i 1314-1329) b\u00e1c b\u1ecf l\u1eddi xin \u201cthay \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9\u201c c\u1ee7a L\u00ea B\u00e1 Qu\u00e1t, Ph\u1ea1m S\u01b0 M\u1ea1nh, nh\u01b0ng Tr\u1ea7n D\u1ee5 T\u00f4ng ng\u1eadp ng\u1eebng trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u (Thi\u1ec7u Phong 1341-1357) l\u1ea1i nghe theo l\u1eddi \u201ck\u1ebb h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2 m\u1eafng\u201c \u0111\u1ed5i thay \u201ctheo t\u1ee5c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u1eafc..kh\u00f4ng k\u1ec3 xi\u1ebft\u201c trong ni\u00ean hi\u1ec7u sau ( \u0110\u1ea1i Tr\u1ecb 1358-1369). V\u00e0 Ngh\u1ec7 T\u00f4ng tuy l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i \u201cl\u1ec7 c\u0169 \u0111\u1eddi Khai Tr\u00ed\u201c(1324-1329), nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn qu\u00ed tr\u1ecdng H\u1ed3 T\u00f4ng Th\u1ed1c, tha t\u1ed9i h\u1ed1i l\u1ed9 cho \u00f4ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n th\u1ea7n Chu V\u0103n An, Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng H\u00e1n Si\u00eau, \u0110\u1ed7 T\u1eed B\u00ecnh v\u00e0o V\u1eafn Mi\u1ebfu c\u1eadn k\u1ec1 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed Trung Hoa c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng Kh\u1ed5ng \u0110\u00e0n Vi\u00ean Kh\u00e2u c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a t\u1ebf Tr\u1eddi trong h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng tr\u00f2n mang danh x\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac n\u00e0y, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1ng l\u00ean t\u1eeb 1154, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u00e0n l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u00e0 \u201cphu nh\u00e2n\u201c(H\u1eadu Th\u1ed5 Nguy\u00ean Qu\u00e2n\/B\u00e0 Ch\u00faa X\u1ee9), kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu nh\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ed7 cho m\u1ed9t \u00f4ng Tr\u1eddi ch\u1ee9ng gi\u00e1m. Nghi l\u1ec5 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh \u1edf \u0111\u1ea5y l\u00e0 c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ea3o v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ed1t n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. L\u00ed do kh\u00f4ng h\u1eb3n v\u00ec t\u1eadp truy\u1ec1n c\u0169 c\u00f2n m\u1ea1nh m\u00e0 c\u00f2n v\u00ec s\u1ef1 khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft trong kh\u00e2u n\u1ed1i k\u1ebft th\u1ea7n th\u00e1nh cha \u2013 con l\u00e0m c\u01a1 s\u1edf cho \u00f4ng vua \u0111\u1ee7 t\u1ef1 tin \u0111\u1ee9ng ra h\u00e0nh l\u1ec5. C\u00e1c c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch \u201ckh\u00f4ng k\u1ec3 xi\u1ebft\u201c trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch \u201cNh\u1ea1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng\u201c c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0110\u1ea1i Tr\u1ecb h\u1eb3n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o nh\u1ea1c t\u1ebf l\u1ec5 m\u1edbi, c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng k\u00e9o b\u00e0 H\u1eadu Th\u1ed5 xu\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea9y \u00f4ng Thi\u00ean, \u00f4ng \u0110\u1ebf l\u00ean \u0110\u00e0n. Nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng Tr\u1eddi l\u1ea1i c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ee3i tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i sau thay th\u1ebf m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ebf. V\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean n\u00e0y(1402) l\u00e0m run s\u1ee3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Con t\u1ebf Cha: H\u1ed3 H\u00e1n Th\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ea9y tay \u0111\u1ed5 r\u01b0\u1ee3u tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t c\u00e1c b\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1eaft theo v\u00e0o cu\u1ed9c t\u1ebf mang t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch ph\u1ee5 h\u1ec7 n\u00e0y, nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t n\u00edu k\u00e9o qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t th\u00eam t\u1ef1 t\u00edn c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 t\u1ec3 Th\u1eddi Minh thu\u1ed9c (1407 \u2013 1427), nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 x\u00e2m l\u0103ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng h\u01a1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c x\u00e2m l\u0103ng qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 v\u00ec l\u1ec7nh t\u1eadn thu t\u1eadn di\u1ec7t s\u00e1ch v\u1edf, c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh v\u0103n h\u00f3a theo l\u1ec7nh Minh Th\u00e0nh T\u1ed5 l\u00e0m \u0111\u00e1m d\u00e2n ch\u00fang ti\u1ebfp theo sau th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 c\u1eaft \u0111\u1ee9t v\u1edbi qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 trong khi nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed5i thay c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Minh \u0111em l\u1ea1i th\u1eadt nhi\u1ec1u, th\u1eadt \u1ed3 \u1ea1t so v\u1edbi th\u1eddi gian hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n ng\u1eafn ng\u1ee7i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Nh\u00f3m lang \u0111\u1ea1o binh t\u01b0\u1edbng chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng t\u1eeb r\u1eebng n\u00fai Lam S\u01a1n k\u00e9o xu\u1ed1ng l\u00fang t\u00fang trong s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n chia quy\u1ec1n h\u00e0nh, \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb theo ph\u01b0\u01a1n th\u1ebf quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c, r\u1ed1t cu\u1ed9c h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 Nho Gi\u00e1o nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft (c\u00f3 \u0111\u00e0 s\u1eb5n) \u0111\u1ed9c nh\u1ea5t. H\u1ecd ngoan ngo\u00e3n ph\u1ee5c t\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t \u00f4ng vua c\u00f3 h\u1ecdc th\u1ee9c h\u01a1n b\u1eadc cha \u00f4ng, n\u1eafm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ee9 v\u0169 kh\u00ed t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng h\u1ee3p th\u1eddi, th\u00edch \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng cao \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec9nh c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 chuy\u00ean ch\u1ebf c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c ki\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7u h\u01a1n s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o g\u01b0\u01a1m. S\u1eed s\u00e1ch ghi th\u1eadt nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a L\u00ea Th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ng (gi\u1eef ng\u00f4i 1460- 1497) m\u1eafng m\u1ecf, ch\u1eedi b\u1edbi b\u1ea7y t\u00f4i th\u1eadt n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1, ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf nh\u00e0 vua \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c th\u00e2u th\u00e1i t\u1eeb kinh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 ng\u00f4i ch\u00ed t\u00f4n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh qua hai ni\u00ean hi\u1ec7u, ni\u00ean hi\u1ec7u sau (H\u1ed3ng \u0110\u1ee9c 1470-1497) nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb t\u00edch tr\u1eef trong ni\u00ean hi\u1ec7u H\u1ed3ng Thu\u1eadn tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 Trong l\u00fac Ng\u00f4 S\u0129 Li\u00ean c\u00f2n t\u1ef1 ti, ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u201ch\u00e0ng phi\u00ean th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1eddi x\u01b0a\u201c, kh\u00f4n th\u1ec3 t\u1ebf Giao th\u00ec L\u00ea Th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ng ngay l\u00fac l\u00ean ng\u00f4i, \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 cho vi\u00ean ng\u1ef1 s\u1eed th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c n\u1eb1m trong tay \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn \u00f4ng c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n t\u1ebf Giao nh\u01b0 vua Trung Qu\u1ed1c. R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng trong s\u1ef1 n\u1eafm b\u1eaft ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a Nho Gi\u00e1o, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00edn, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111em s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i ch\u1ee9ng minh t\u00ednh c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c l\u00e0 c\u00f3 trong ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00f4ng, v\u00e0 n\u00f3i chung ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5 \u00ednh v\u0103n h\u00f3a l\u00e0 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1eb7c quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a khu v\u1ef1c, d\u00f9 l\u00e0 khu v\u1ef1c kh\u1ed5i th\u1ee7y xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u00f4ng th\u1ee5 nh\u1eadn Trong t\u1ebf Giao, nh\u1eb1m c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00f4ng v\u1edbi th\u1ea7n linh, v\u1ecb ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c thi \u0111\u1ea1o hi\u1ebfu v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Cha thi\u00eang li\u00eang, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng quan h\u1ec7 t\u00f4ng t\u1ed9c ra ngo\u00e0i ph\u1ea1m vi gia \u0111\u00ecnh d\u00f2ng d\u00f5i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. V\u1ecb ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e2n tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea1o Hi\u1ebfu c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u0103n b\u1ea3n kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a Nho Gi\u00e1o c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi tr\u1ecdng. \u0110\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a vua th\u00ec \u00f4ng vua m\u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc \u2013 \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac n\u00e0y ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u00fd ni\u1ec7m v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng vua H\u00f9ng \u0111\u00f3 \u2013 t\u1ea5t c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng. Cho n\u00ean n\u0103m 1470, L\u00ea Th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ng cho quan ch\u1ee9c l\u1eadp ng\u1ecdc ph\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a H\u00f9ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u1ecb \u201cth\u00e1nh v\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u00e0n \u0111\u1eddi\u201c c\u1ee7a \u201cc\u1ed5 Vi\u1ec7t\u201c(15), v\u00e0 th\u1ebf l\u00e0 \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 t\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3 \u1edf th\u1ebf gian \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n t\u1ebf Tr\u1eddi ba n\u0103m sau (1473). V\u00e0o n\u0103m 1428, Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u00e3i ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0o uy danh c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i, trong khi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u1ed1c th\u1ed1ng (\u201cTri\u1ec7u, \u0110inh, L\u00ea, L\u00ed, Tr\u1ea7n\u201c), v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn H\u00f9ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng (B\u00ecnh Ng\u00f4 \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00e1o), nay th\u00ec th\u1eddi th\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00e1c, n\u00ean","H\u00f9ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, l\u00e0m c\u0103n b\u1ea3n cho quy\u1ec1n uy chuy\u00ean ch\u1ebf tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t Vi\u1ec7t, \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc. V\u1edbi h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i, Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u00e3i bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n D\u01b0 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u00ed(1435) \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn H\u00f9ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i t\u1eeb c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nho cu\u1ed1i Tr\u1ea7n, l\u00fac n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u00e0i b\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf trong l\u1eddi t\u1ef1a n\u0103m 1479 t\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c so\u1ea1n \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t s\u1eed k\u00ed to\u00e0n th\u01b0, Ng\u00f4 S\u0129 L\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a h\u1ecd H\u1ed3ng B\u00e0ng v\u00e0o ch\u00ednh s\u1eed, v\u01b0\u1ee3t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 ti tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t quan ni\u1ec7m chia s\u1ebb v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u00f3 th\u1ee9 b\u1eadc \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn v\u0103n h\u00f3a ngang h\u00e0ng m\u00e0 v\u1ecb ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng l\u1eddi l\u1ebd n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1 v\u1edbi vi\u00ean s\u1eed th\u1ea7n m\u1edbi thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i n\u1ed1t ch\u1eb7ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0 H\u1ed3 T\u00f4ng Th\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf ra. H\u00f9ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u1edd \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb s\u1eed quan c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng m\u00e0 \u0111i v\u00e0o s\u1eed nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, ch\u00ednh s\u1eed, th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a s\u1eed Vi\u1ec7t, ph\u1ea7n Ngo\u1ea1i k\u1ec9. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 v\u1ebb \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u00fd c\u1ee7a H\u1ed3 T\u00f4ng Th\u1ed1c. H\u1ecd Ng\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 khen:\u201cH\u1ed3 T\u00f4ng Th\u1ed1c l\u00e0m cho s\u00e1ch Vi\u1ec7t s\u1eed c\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ee5c ch\u00e9p vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn m\u00e0 c\u00f3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p, b\u00e0n vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00edch \u0111\u00e1ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng r\u01b0\u1eddm r\u00e0\u201c(16). S\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n sau c\u01a1n binh h\u1ecfa \u00bc \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XV nh\u01b0 Phan Huy Ch\u00fa x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn, nh\u01b0ng ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi VSCM sao kh\u00f4ng l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam th\u1ebf ch\u00ed v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp ch\u1eb7c ch\u1ebd h\u01a1n theo y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a nhan \u0111\u1ec1 s\u00e1ch \u201cc\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ee5c\u201c?. C\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u Ng\u00f4 S\u0129 Li\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng VSCM l\u00e0m t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u ch\u00ednh th\u00ec nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ecd H\u1ed3ng B\u00e0ng h\u1eb3n \u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u1ea5y \u1edf LNCQ \u2013 hay t\u1eeb l\u1eddi ghi nh\u1eadn c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n ch\u00fang, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd c\u00f2n \u201cqu\u00e1i\u201c h\u01a1n. C\u00e1i c\u1ea7u nho s\u0129 l\u00e0m h\u1ecd H\u1ed3ng B\u00e0ng b\u1edbt t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t qu\u00e1i trong c\u00e1c trang s\u1eed, nh\u01b0ng ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c d\u00e2n gian c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t \u0111i d\u00f9 truy\u1ec7n t\u00edch v\u00e0 th\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p D\u00f9 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Th\u00e1nh t\u1ed5 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1edd s\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n trung \u01b0\u01a1ng, nh\u01b0ng t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a H\u00f9ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f2n th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 trong m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a hai th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 sau. L\u00ea Qu\u00ed \u0110\u00f4n ghi (1777) r\u1eb1ng v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u ni\u00ean hi\u1ec7u V\u0129nh Th\u1ecbnh(1705), d\u00e2n th\u00f4n C\u1ed5 T\u00edch ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec1n H\u00f9ng lo li\u1ec7u \u0111i mua b\u00e8 g\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eeda l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec1n, th\u00ec x\u1ea3y ra chuy\u1ec7n b\u00e8 g\u1ed7 b\u1ecb \u0111\u1eafm tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec1n Ng\u1ecdc Th\u00e1p v\u00ec \u00f4ng \u201c\u0111\u1ea1i v\u01b0\u01a1ng\u201c \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 mu\u1ed1n \u0111o\u1ea1t, nh\u01b0ng khi th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1edd s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf li\u00ean bu\u00f4ng ra. \u00d4ng \u0111\u1ea1i v\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y \u1edf g\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec1n H\u00f9ng, theo truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 v\u1ee3 xa t\u1eadn mi\u1ec1n xu\u00f4i, tr\u00ean qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd Tr\u1ea7n, ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn d\u00e2n ch\u00fang c\u0169ng th\u1eadt l\u00e0 l\u1edbn(17). C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n h\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 c\u0169ng cho ta th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 xung \u0111\u1ed9t dai d\u1eb3ng c\u1ee7a hai h\u1ecd Tr\u1ea7n \u2013 L\u00ea D\u00f9 sao th\u00ec ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n t\u1eadp trung L\u00ea s\u01a1 c\u0169ng t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh m\u1edbi v\u1ec1 nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt H\u00f9ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u00ecn qua l\u0103ng k\u00ednh Nho Gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u00e0 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi sau ch\u1ed3ng ch\u1ea5t th\u00eam truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft. B\u1ea3n ng\u1ecdc ph\u1ea3 \u1edf \u0111\u1ec1n H\u00f9ng n\u00f3i tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 x\u00f3a b\u1ecf h\u1ebft nh\u1eefng xung \u0111\u1ed9t H\u00f9ng \u2013 Th\u1ee5c th\u1ea5y \u1edf LNCQ, V\u0110ULT. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 chuy\u1ec7n th\u00e0nh Loa kh\u00f4ng x\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00ec \u201ccon vua tr\u01b0\u1edbc\u201c ph\u00e1, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 chuy\u1ec7n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u1ea7n T\u1ea3n Vi\u00ean ch\u1ed1ng Th\u1ee5c, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 chuy\u1ec7n Th\u1ee5c Ph\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vua H\u00f9ng XVIII nh\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u00f4i nh\u1edd th\u1ea7n T\u1ea3n Vi\u00ean gi\u1ea3ng h\u00f2a, sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn Th\u1ee5c l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd H\u00f9ng. C\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t khu\u00f4n m\u1eabu tranh gi\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e1ng l\u00e0m g\u01b0\u01a1ng cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi mu\u1ed1n d\u00f9ng b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c! Th\u00eam v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a LNCQ, ng\u1ecdc ph\u1ea3 c\u00f2n n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec7n v\u00f9a H\u00f9ng VI x\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec1n Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00f3ng tr\u00ean n\u00fai Ngh\u0129a L\u0129nh(18), m\u1edf ra m\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edbng thu h\u00fat, qui t\u1ee5 th\u1ea7n n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c V\u1ec1 Tr\u01b0ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00ec s\u1ef1 gia nh\u1eadp t\u1eadp h\u1ecdp c\u00f3 mu\u1ed9n m\u00e0ng h\u01a1n, tuy kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u Th\u1ea7n b\u1ecb b\u1ea1c \u0111\u00e3i. C\u00f3 v\u1ebb t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Vua B\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n mang quan ni\u1ec7m ph\u1ee5 h\u1ec7 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u gay g\u1eaft. S\u1ef1 th\u1edd c\u00fang v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c theo truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, ch\u1edd th\u1eddi gian mang l\u1ea1i y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i h\u01a1n Ch\u00fa th\u00edch: (13) H\u00e3y xem l\u1eddi b\u00e0o ch\u1eefa th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nho s\u0129 th\u1eddi th\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a \u00fd th\u1ee9c h\u1ec7 nho: L\u00ea Qu\u00ed \u0110\u00f4n trong Ki\u1ebfn v\u0103n ti\u1ec3u l\u1ee5c,tII (B\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch \u0110\u00e0m Duy T\u1ea1o \u2013 Saigon 1965), tr.323: \u201cTh\u1ea7n qu\u00e1i l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c th\u00e1nh nh\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng b\u00e0n t\u1edbi, th\u1ebf m\u00e0 trong s\u00e1ch T\u1ea3 truy\u1ec7n c\u00f3 ch\u00e9p nhi\u1ec1u chuy\u1ec7n qu\u00e1i...\u201c (14) Phan Huy Ch\u00fa, L\u1ecbch tri\u1ec1u hi\u1ebfn ch\u01b0\u01a1ng lo\u1ea1i ch\u00ed, t.IX, V\u0103n t\u1ecbch ch\u00ed, q.42-45( Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u1ecd D\u1ef1c d\u1ecbch, saigon 1974), tr.208-210 (15) L\u00ea T\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u2013 V\u0169 Kim Bi\u00ean, L\u1ecbch s\u1eed V\u0129nh Ph\u00fa (Ty v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng tin V\u0129nh Ph\u00fa 1980), b\u1ea3n \u1ea3nh sau trang 24 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1 \u201cC\u1ed5 Vi\u1ec7t H\u00f9ng th\u1ecb thi\u00ean th\u1ebf th\u00e1nh v\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u1ecdc ph\u1ea3 c\u1ed5 truy\u1ec1n\u201c M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c","\u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nguy\u00ean b\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sao l\u1ea1i m\u00e0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 n\u00f3i l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a n\u0103m 1470 ra sao ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft, ch\u1ec9 th\u1ea5y ph\u1ea7n cu\u1ed1i t\u1edd ng\u1ecdc ph\u1ea3 n\u00e0y (in m\u1edd) c\u00f3 t\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u201cs\u1eeda l\u1ea1i\u201c (tr\u00f9ng \u0111\u00ednh) (16) Phan Huy Ch\u00fa, V\u0103n t\u1ecbch ch\u00ed \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn, tr.22 (17) L\u00ea Qu\u00ed \u0110\u00f4n, s\u0111d, tr.329-330 (18) L\u00ea T\u01b0\u1ee3ng ...s\u0111d, tr.34,37","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng VI: H\u1ec6 TH\u1ed0NG TH\u1ea6N \u0110\u1ecaA PH\u01af\u01a0NG M\u1edaI: TH\u00c0NH HO\u00c0NG L\u00c0NG Trong s\u1ef1 th\u0103ng ti\u1ebfn th\u1ea7n linh qua nh\u1eefng th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp X-XIV, ta g\u1eb7p nh\u1eefng nhi\u00ean th\u1ea7n, nh\u00e2n th\u1ea7n c\u0169, m\u1edbi c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n uy r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi d\u00e2n ch\u00fang trong m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n, bao qu\u00e1t m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5. Nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y ghi nh\u1eadn m\u00e0 bi\u1ebft ch\u1eafc c\u00f3, l\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ea7n b\u1ea3o tr\u1ee3 t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n, gia \u0111\u00ecnh m\u00e0 ng\u00e0y nay ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1eeb H\u00e1n Vi\u1ec7t g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u00e1o qu\u00e2n, th\u1ed5 c\u00f4ng. V\u00e0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c th\u1ea7n th\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi khu\u00f4n vi\u00ean ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac t\u01b0 th\u00ec \u0111\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ebfn quy\u1ec1n h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng th\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ecba Tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh Trung Qu\u1ed1c n\u01a1i c\u1ed9i g\u1ed1c, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 Vi\u1ec7t Nam ch\u01b0a ai c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u1ea1ch tr\u1eadt n\u00e0o cho th\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ea3. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u1ed5 c\u00f4ng, th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n th\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ecba, mang t\u00ednh ri\u00eang t\u01b0 l\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh n\u00e0o. \u00d4ng th\u1ed5 c\u00f4ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam ng\u00e0y x\u01b0a kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 d\u00e1ng b\u1eb1ng vai v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t vi\u00ean l\u1ea1i c\u1ea5p th\u1ea5p m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i quan ni\u1ec7m gi\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i th\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u1ea7n trong d\u00e2m t\u1eeb n\u1eefa. \u1ea4y th\u1ebf m\u00e0, theo v\u1edbi \u0111\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t, c\u00e1c \u00f4ng th\u1ea7n t\u01b0 n\u00e0y d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c tr\u00fa s\u1edf c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c h\u00e0nh ch\u00e1nh, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u1eeba c\u00f4ng v\u1eeba t\u01b0, hay c\u00f4ng t\u01b0 ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t, \u0111\u00e3 v\u01b0\u01a1n l\u00ean tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7m \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0ng x\u00e3 tr\u00ean c\u00f5i thi\u00eang, nh\u1eefng \u00f4ng th\u00e0nh ho\u00e0ng trong c\u00e1c \u0111\u00ecnh l\u00e0ng th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i th\u1ec3 k\u1ec9 XV T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, qua bao nhi\u00eau d\u1ea1ng h\u00ecnh thay \u0111\u1ed5i, ta kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn ra \u00f4ng th\u1ea7n nh\u1ecf nhoi c\u0169 qua b\u00f3ng d\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ea7y oai v\u0169 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng th\u00e0nh ho\u00e0ng trong m\u1eaft ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n l\u00e0ng th\u1eddi g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y. Nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh \u00f4ng th\u1ea7n nh\u1ecf \u1ea5y khi t\u1eadp h\u1ecdp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong m\u1ed9t th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf v\u1eefng v\u00e0ng th\u00ec lai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ee1 \u0111\u1ea7u cho c\u00e1c \u00f4ng th\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ecba l\u00ean ch\u1ee9c, cho c\u00e1c th\u1ea7n d\u00e2m t\u1eeb n\u00e9 tr\u00e1nh b\u00faa r\u00ecu nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u00e0 tr\u1ee5 s\u1edf c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7n l\u00e0 n\u01a1i \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c th\u1ea7n th\u1ea5t th\u1ebf b\u1ecb trung \u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1ecf r\u01a1i, c\u00e1c th\u1ea7n danh ti\u1ebfng ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e2n th\u00e2n v\u00ec \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u01b0 tr\u00fa ch\u1eadt ch\u1ed9i...N\u1ed9i dung c\u00e1c \u0111\u00ecnh l\u00e0ng v\u00e0 th\u1ea7n \u1edf \u0111\u1ea5y l\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n v\u00ec s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed5i thay l\u00ed l\u1ecbch ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn mang t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch tr\u1ed1n ch\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u1ea7n d\u1ed3n v\u1ec1 tr\u00fa ng\u1ee5 I. M\u1ed8T CH\u1ed6 TR\u00da C\u1ee6A TH\u1ea6N LINH N\u1ea4P B\u00d3NG PH\u1eacT GI\u00c1O Khi L\u00fd Th\u00e1i T\u1ed5 d\u1eddi \u0111\u00f4 v\u1ec1 th\u00e0nh \u0110\u1ea1i La, \u201cch\u1ed7 h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a b\u1ed1n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng\u201c (Chi\u1ebfu d\u1eddi \u0111\u00f4), b\u1ecf \u0111\u1ea5t Hoa L\u01b0 ch\u1eadt h\u1eb9p mang t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t co r\u00fat, ph\u00f2ng ng\u1ef1 th\u00ec \u0111\u1ecba th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00f4 m\u1edbi Th\u0103ng Long c\u0169ng h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng li\u00ean l\u1ea1c th\u1ee7y b\u1ed9 quen c\u0169 c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi B\u1eafc thu\u1ed9c. Th\u1ebf r\u1ed3i, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c cai tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u01a1c \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp c\u00e0ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u01a1 c\u00e1u giao th\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c ph\u1ed3n t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n. Nh\u1eefng cung \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng tr\u1ea1m d\u1eebng ch\u00e2n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi, cho ghe thuy\u1ec1n, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n do ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n do t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n \u2013 \u0111\u00fang h\u01a1n l\u00e0 do c\u00e1c t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1eadp ra. Ch\u1ed7 d\u1eebng ch\u00e2n \u0111\u00f3, m\u01b0\u1ee3n m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb H\u00e1n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0110\u00ecnh R\u1ea3i r\u00e1c trong s\u1eed s\u00e1ch, bia \u0111\u00e1 ta g\u1eb7p nh\u1eefng c\u1ea5p b\u1ef1c \u0111\u00ecnh kh\u00e1c nhau cho c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, t\u1eeb th\u1ee9 d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ef1c sang qu\u00ed. \u0110\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a th\u1ee9 d\u00e2n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh m\u01b0a n\u1eafng, l\u1eadp ra do \u00fd th\u1ee9c c\u01b0u mang ph\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o. Trong th\u1eddi gian ngh\u1ec9 ng\u01a1i d\u00e0i l\u00e2u h\u01a1n, l\u00e0 \u0111\u00ecnh \u1edf g\u1ea7n nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u01b0 ng\u00f4i \u0111\u00ecnh \u1edf g\u1ea7n ch\u00f9a Linh X\u1ee9ng (bia ch\u00f9a 1126). \u0110\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng giao th\u00f4ng nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 b\u1ec1 th\u1ebf, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c th\u1eddi gian l\u01b0u tr\u00fa d\u00e0i l\u00e2u nh\u01b0 tr\u1ea1m Ho\u00e0i Vi\u1ec5n \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m 1045 b\u00ean b\u1edd s\u00f4ng Gia L\u00e2m \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ch\u1ed7 ngh\u1ec9 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u01b0\u01a1c ngo\u00e0i \u201c\u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ea7u\u201c, v\u00e0 7 tr\u1ea1m l\u1eadp n\u0103m 1407 v\u1eeba l\u00e0m ch\u1ed7 ghi nh\u1eadn ranh gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u cung \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng (\u1ee5 bia), v\u1eeba l\u00e0m ch\u1ed7 ng\u1ee7 \u0111\u1eadu cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u201cMan Di\u201c nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 l\u1ebd x\u00e2y c\u1ea5t c\u00f3 b\u1ec1 th\u1ebf, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c sang tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a vua m\u00e0 danh x\u01b0ng th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y qua suy \u0111o\u00e1n gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp tr\u00ean d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft bia (bia Ph\u1ee5ng Th\u00e1nh Phu nh\u00e2n 1173) v\u00e0 l\u1eddi s\u1eed tho\u00e1ng qua (n\u0103m","1522), c\u00f2n tr\u00ean s\u1eed s\u00e1ch v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1i t\u00ean v\u01b0\u01a1ng gi\u1ea3 l\u00e0 : h\u00e0nh cung. Nh\u1eadn h\u00e0nh cung c\u00f3 t\u00ean th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0o l\u00fac \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi l\u00e0 \u0111\u00ecnh, th\u00ec ta th\u1ea5y lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u00ecnh n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u00f4ng vua L\u00ed hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n kh\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u tr\u00ean c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c ru\u1ed9ng l\u00faa c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9ng c\u1edb tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp n\u00e0o v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c th\u1edd c\u00fang ri\u00eang \u1edf c\u00e1c \u0111\u00ecnh n\u00e0y c\u1ea3 - tr\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c th\u1edd Ph\u1eadt \u1edf m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn \u0111\u00ecnh t\u1eeb th\u1eddi Tr\u1ea7n, s\u1ebd b\u00e0n, l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng c\u1edb gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp g\u1ee3i n\u00ean m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u1edd c\u00fang n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n gian. S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc trung \u01b0\u01a1ng \u2013 k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 \u0111\u00ecnh h\u00e0nh cung \u2013 r\u00f5 ra l\u00e0 \u00edt h\u01a1n \u0111\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1eadp ra, do \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111\u00ecnh h\u1eb3n ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 si\u00eau nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp b\u00ecnh d\u00e2n trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i: m\u1ed9t \u00f4ng t\u00e0 th\u1ea7n n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 ho\u1eb7c v\u1eabn l\u00e0 th\u1ea7n \u201cb\u1eady b\u1ea1\u201c ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00e3 kho\u00e1t t\u00ean th\u1ed5 c\u00f4ng... Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u00fd th\u1ee9c t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng ngo\u00e0i s\u1ef1 r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh v\u1eabn c\u00f3 qu\u00e1 ni\u1ec1u c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1ea3y n\u1edf. C\u00e1c l\u1ec1 l\u1ed1i th\u1edd c\u00fang \u1edf d\u00e2m t\u1eeb \u0111ang b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eebng ch\u00e2n \u1edf c\u00e1c \u0111\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1m. V\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y khi\u1ebfn ta hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u00e0ng (ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng l\u00e0m vua) Th\u1ea7n Th\u1eeba 1231: B\u1eaft c\u00e1c \u0111\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1m d\u1ef1ng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ph\u1eadt th\u1edd. L\u00ed do ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c n\u00eau ra l\u00e0 do m\u1ed9t k\u1ec9 ni\u1ec7m th\u1eddi h\u00e0n vi, nh\u01b0ng x\u00e9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n b\u00e0i tr\u1eeb d\u00e2m th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n L\u00ed, Tr\u1ea7n th\u00ec th\u1ea5y quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u00ean qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 \u0103n kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng chung, \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o l\u1edbp th\u1ea7n linh \u0111ang ng\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb \u1edf \u0111\u00ecnh, tr\u1ea1m. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t ngay t\u1eeb l\u00fac th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp \u0111\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1m, nh\u01b0ng khu\u1ea5t l\u1ea5p v\u00e0 r\u1ed3i d\u1ea7n d\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n trong 2 th\u1ebf k\u1ec9, \u0111\u1ee7 th\u00e0nh 1 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea7u Tr\u1ea7n ch\u00fa \u00fd Nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee9ng c\u1edb v\u1ec1 sau cho ta th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c th\u1ea7n linh \u0111\u00f3 v\u1eabn gi\u1eef t\u00ednh ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t d\u00f9 l\u00e0 c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i n\u1ea5p b\u00f3ng Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o n\u00e0y. \u0110\u00ecnh c\u00f3 \u00f4ng Ph\u1eadt ng\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb v\u1ea9n l\u00e0 n\u01a1i ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00f3n ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u1ec9 ch\u00e2n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ecd, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi mang n\u1eb7ng th\u00eam d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 thi\u00eang li\u00eang. Tuy nhi\u00ean ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec5n ti\u1ebfn th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean, h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y n\u00ean d\u00f9 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee1ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00ecnh v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c duy tr\u00ec nh\u01b0ng \u01b0u th\u1ebf l\u1ea1i nghi\u00eang v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c (1) Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft kh\u00e1c cho bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00ecnh trong c\u00e1c th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XIII,XIV. Ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ebfn \u00bc cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XV m\u1edbi th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb \u0111\u00ecnh do s\u1ef1 \u201cl\u1ea1m ph\u00e1t\u201c \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y ra nh\u1eefng r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i khi\u1ebfn nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u1ea3i can thi\u1ec7p. T\u1eeb m\u1ed9t qui \u0111\u1ecbnh (l\u1ec7) n\u0103m 1474, ta bi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00ecnh mang n\u1eb7ng t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t th\u1edd c\u00fang, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn do t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n l\u1eadp ra Theo l\u1ec7nh n\u0103m 1474 \u0111\u00f3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn \u0111\u00ecnh l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 l\u1eadp ra \u0111\u1ec3 \u201cl\u00e0m ph\u01b0\u1edbc\u201c. Tuy kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y n\u00f3i r\u00f5 nh\u01b0ng h\u1eb3n ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u00edch ban \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1eabn c\u00f2n gi\u1eef: \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00fa, tr\u1ecd tr\u00ean cung \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u2013 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u00edch n\u00e0y c\u00f2n th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 \u1edf s\u1ef1 x\u00e2y c\u1ea5t \u0111\u00ecnh qu\u00e1n trong th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 th\u1ee9 XVIII \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng cho l\u00e0ng, v\u00e0 \u1edf n\u01a1i c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 c\u00f4ng qu\u00e1n c\u00f2n hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n \u1edf n\u1eeda \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XX. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 th\u1ee9 XV th\u00ec \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 n\u01a1i th\u1edd th\u1ea7n, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta g\u00f3p ru\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m h\u1eadu \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn c\u00fang gi\u1ed7 sau khi ch\u1ebft \u0111i. H\u1eadu Th\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft ch\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb h\u1eadu Ph\u1eadt. C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf h\u1eadu th\u1ea7n khi\u1ebfn cho c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf l\u1eadp \u0111\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m ph\u00fac n\u1eefa m\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m \u0103n c\u00f3 l\u1eddi. L\u1ec7nh 1474 tr\u00ean cho bi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u01b0\u1edbng su\u1ea5t x\u00e2y \u0111\u00ecnh, l\u1eadp h\u1eadu th\u1ea7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thu ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c t\u00e0y \u0111\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 b\u1ed3i th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u00e2n m\u1ea1ng! Th\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ee7 uy t\u00edn nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt. Cho n\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn 1474 th\u00ec \u0111\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n n\u1ea5p b\u00f3ng Ph\u1eadt n\u1eefa m\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 t\u00e1ch ra m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng ri\u00eang, h\u1ea3n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 kh\u00e1 l\u00e2u v\u00ec c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u00ecnh r\u00f5 ra \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u1eefng v\u00e0ng. \u0110\u00ecnh c\u00f2n c\u00f3 d\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 s\u1edf m\u00e0 n\u00f3 t\u00e1ch ra, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng kg c\u00f2n thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay l\u00e0 \u0111\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1m, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1m c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ph\u1eadt n\u1eefa. \u00d4ng t\u00e0 th\u1ea7n, hay \u00f4ng th\u1ed5 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XI \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XV \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n c\u00f3 uy th\u1ebf Ch\u00fa th\u00edch: (1) \u0110\u1ecbnh ki\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 ng\u00f4i \u0111\u00ecnh l\u00e0ng ph\u1ea3i xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb trong chi\u1ec1u s\u00e2u c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Vi\u1ec7t Nam khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta qu\u00ean nh\u1eefng b\u1eb1ng c\u1edb kh\u00e1 hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n mu\u1ed9n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00ecnh l\u00e0ng qua g\u1ed1c g\u00e1c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1m. V\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc ch\u01b0a k\u1ecbp \u0111\u01b0a ra k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn: b\u00e1o c\u00e1o c\u1ee7a J.Y.Clayes n\u0103m 1933 cho Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Vi\u1ec5n \u0110\u00f4ng B\u00e1c C\u1ed5 v\u1ec1 c\u00e2y c\u1ea7u treo c\u00f3 m\u00e1i, b\u1eb1ng g\u1ed7 c\u1ee7a l\u00e0ng Ph\u00fa Kh\u00ea, ph\u1ee7 L\u00ed Nh\u00e2n \u2013 H\u00e0 Nam, ghi r\u1eb1ng c\u00e2y c\u1ea7u n\u1eb1m g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 chung tr\u1ee5c ch\u00ednh v\u1edbi ng\u00f4i \u0111\u00ecnh l\u00e0ng g\u1ea7n n\u01a1i b\u1edd r\u1ea1ch, r\u1eb1ng \u201cc\u00e2y c\u1ea7u th\u1eadt \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd, v\u00ec n\u00f3 h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 v\u1edbi ng\u00f4i \u0111\u00ecnh l\u00e0ng\u201c (BEFEO","XXXIII,1933,tr.490). \u00dd ngh\u0129a t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0y r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng ban \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed1i giao th\u00f4ng th\u1ee7y b\u1ed9, m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i ch\u1ee3 tr\u00ean c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1m hay \u0111inh qu\u00e1n B\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u00e0 danh s\u00e1ch c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eedi l\u1eddi c\u1ea3m \u01a1n \u0111\u1ebfn b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n: II. QUY\u1ebeT \u0110\u1ecaNH N\u0102M 1496 V\u00c0 T\u1eacP H\u1eccP TH\u00c0NH HO\u00c0NG NHI\u1ec0U NGU\u1ed2N G\u1ed0C V\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n do \u0111\u00ecnh t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n ( v\u00e0 \u0111\u00ecnh th\u1edd Ph\u1eadt) g\u00e2y ra, ta g\u1eb7p m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9ng c\u1edb mu\u1ed9n m\u00e0ng nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng b\u00f3 g\u1ecdn trong tranh ch\u1ea5p c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n m\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng lan r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng th\u1eeba tuy\u00ean: N\u0103m 1517, c\u00f3 l\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh (th\u00e1ng 4 al) \u0111\u00e1nh ch\u1ebft C\u1ed3 Kh\u1eafc X\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 x\u01b0ng l\u00e0 Ph\u00f2 M\u00e3 gi\u00e1ng th\u00e2n, r\u1ed3i su \u0111\u00f3 th\u00e1ng 7 c\u00f3 l\u1ec7nh gi\u1ebft ch\u1ebft Tr\u1ea7n C\u00f4ng V\u1ee5, ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ef1 x\u01b0ng l\u00e0 Thi\u00ean B\u1ed3ng. C\u1ea3 hai, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf ch\u00f9a l\u00e0ng (\u0111\u00ecnh th\u1edd Ph\u1eadt chuy\u1ec3n th\u00e2n?), m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf mi\u1ebfu th\u1ea7n (m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 \u0111\u00ecnh t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n ch\u01b0a ch\u1ecbu v\u00e0o khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5?), \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ebfn hai quan th\u1eeba hi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 hai quan ch\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c tin theo d\u00e2ng s\u1edb b\u00eanh v\u1ef1c! H\u00e3y tr\u1edf ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1m \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 ngh\u1ec9 ch\u00e2n n\u1eefa, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y nh\u1eefng r\u1eafc r\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, ngo\u00e0i m\u1ed1i tranh ch\u1ea5p v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 thi h\u00e0nh kho\u00e1n \u01b0\u1edbc ru\u1ed9ng h\u1eadu. R\u1ed1t l\u1ea1i, l\u1ec7nh n\u0103m 1496 giao cho l\u00e0ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed \u0111\u00ecnh t\u01b0 \u0111\u1ec3 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n an ninh \u1edf m\u1ed9t t\u1ea7m m\u1ee9c cao h\u01a1n, toan t\u00ednh g\u00f3i tr\u1ecdn tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u00e0o trong m\u1ed9t khu v\u1ef1c quy\u1ec1n b\u00ednh nh\u1ecf h\u1eb9p. L\u00ea Th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ng h\u1eb3n kh\u00f4ng ng\u1edd quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1ea5y l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u1ea7n linh l\u00e0ng x\u00e3, t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t t\u00e2m l\u00ed \u00fd th\u1ee9c ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f2n l\u01b0u gi\u1eef \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, v\u00e0 ngay c\u1ea3 b\u00e2y gi\u1edd \u1edf Mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc L\u00e0ng x\u00e3 \u1edf th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XV \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao nh\u1eadn \u0111\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 do s\u1ef1 ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ea5p h\u00e0nh. V\u00e0 ch\u00ednh ch\u00ednh kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng n\u00e0y l\u00e0m ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u \u0111\u00ecnh l\u00e0ng. X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1edbn lao t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XIV, ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u m\u1edbi, \u0111i theo m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i mang t\u00ednh t\u1eadp trung h\u01a1n do chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng \u0111em l\u1ea1i. Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch l\u1ed9c \u0111i\u1ec1n, qu\u00e2n \u0111i\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 H\u1eadu L\u00ea v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n ph\u1ed3n t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nho s\u0129 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ee7 thu t\u00f4 \u0103n ng\u1ee5 l\u1ed9c tuy kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u00e2n x\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n nh\u01b0 \u1edf th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 tr\u01b0\u1edbc, mang m\u1ea7m m\u1ed1ng th\u0103ng ti\u1ebfn x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i qua con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng khoa c\u1eed g\u1ee3i n\u00ean s\u1ef1 \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n, thu h\u00fat c\u1ea3 t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u00e2n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh kh\u00e1 \u0111\u00f4ng \u1edf c\u00e1c th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 sau Nho h\u1ecdc ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp quan l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3o l\u00e0m s\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc cho ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n qu\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 b\u00ean tr\u00ean m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 ngay t\u1eeb n\u1ec1n m\u00f3ng, \u1edf \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh c\u01a1 s\u1edf l\u00e0ng x\u00e3 n\u1eefa. Theo v\u1edbi th\u1eddi gian, l\u00e0ng x\u00e3 t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng \u00f4ng quan v\u1ec1 h\u01b0u, ngh\u1ec9 ng\u01a1i ho\u1eb7c m\u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 \u0111\u1ea1o Th\u00e1nh, nh\u1eefng \u00f4ng sinh \u0111\u1ed3 ( t\u00ean g\u1ecdi t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XV) d\u1edf quan, d\u1edf d\u00e2n ng\u1ed3i d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc l\u00e0m nghi\u1ec7p sinh nhai (th\u00e0nh c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp th\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ed3 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4 h\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng quan ni\u1ec7n Qu\u00e2n \u2013 S\u01b0 \u2013 Ph\u1ee5), c\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u201cc\u00f3 ch\u1eef ngh\u0129a`` v\u00ec m\u1ed9t l\u00fac n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 mang ch\u00fat \u01b0\u1edbc m\u01a1 th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1t...C\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ecdp tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u00fd th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u1edf \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c, t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean c\u0169ng d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng n\u1eafm l\u1ea5y quy\u1ec1n qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed \u0111\u00ecnh l\u00e0ng m\u1ed9t khi \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p, v\u00ec ch\u00ednh h\u1ecd th\u00f4ng th\u1ea1o nh\u1eefng nghi l\u1ec5 t\u1ebf Th\u1ea7n \u0111ang ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh \u1edf nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 s\u1edf th\u1ea7n linh do trung \u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed, t\u1ebf c\u00fang h\u00e0ng n\u0103m. V\u00e0 c\u0169ng t\u1eeb v\u1ecb th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, h\u1ecd d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng dung n\u1ea1p v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n quan ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 \u00f4ng th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea5t cao c\u1ea5p c\u00f3 tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh chu\u1ea9n nh\u1eadn, h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi tr\u00fa s\u1edf c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh giao cho l\u00e0ng: \u00d4ng Th\u00e0nh Ho\u00e0ng. H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng quan ni\u1ec7m \u1ea5y c\u00f3 khi v\u1edbi t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch tho\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1t r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng c\u1edb r\u1ea3i r\u00e1c qua nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c c\u00e1c \u00f4ng th\u00e0nh ho\u00e0ng \u201ct\u1ef1 phong`` qua \u0111\u00e1m tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c l\u00e0ng x\u00e3 (quan vi\u00ean) l\u1eadp ra \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng cao uy th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00ecnh. Tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi V\u0110ULT, trong c\u00e1c th\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, ta g\u1eb7p r\u1ea5t \u00edt th\u00e0nh ho\u00e0ng: \u00f4ng Th\u00e0nh Ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ed9c nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee7 \u0110\u00f4 H\u1ed9 th\u1eddi B\u1eafc thu\u1ed9c, m\u1ed9t \u00f4ng Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00f4 th\u00e0nh ho\u00e0ng T\u00f4 L\u1ecbch, m\u1ed9t \u00f4ng Th\u1ed5 \u0110\u1ecba \u0110\u1eb1ng Ch\u00e2u l\u00ean c\u1ea5p sau khi x\u1ee9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e2ng l\u00ean l\u00e0m ph\u1ee7 v\u00ec l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u00f4ng vua, th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5p b\u1eadc h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u00f4ng","nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0110\u1eb1ng Ch\u00e2u cho ta ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng khi L\u00ed, Tr\u1ea7n n\u00e2ng noi ch\u00f4n nhau c\u1eaft r\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh l\u00ean l\u00e0m Ph\u1ee7 (Thi\u00ean \u0110\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a L\u00ed, Thi\u00ean Tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a Tr\u1ea7n) th\u00ec c\u00e1c th\u1ea7n th\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ecba v\u00f9ng n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i mang ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 th\u00e0nh ho\u00e0ng. Trong th\u1eddi Minh thu\u1ed9c, c\u00e1c quan cai tr\u1ecb l\u1eadp th\u00e0nh ho\u00e0ng \u1edf c\u00e1c Ph\u1ee7, Huy\u1ec7n, Ch\u00e2u (1407) (2) l\u00e0m t\u0103ng s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ea7n lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, tr\u00ean nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc, th\u00e0nh ho\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a x\u00e3, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e2n l\u00e0ng r\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ec1 ng\u1ef1 \u1edf \u0111\u00ecnh, nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ba \u00f4ng th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed3ng lo\u1ea1t \u1edf l\u00e0ng Di\u00ean H\u00e0 c\u1ee7a L\u00ea Qu\u00ed \u0110\u00f4n v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3n gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XVII qua l\u1eddi ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng n\u00e0y Vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0ng Di\u00ean H\u00e0 l\u00ean t\u1eadn kinh \u0111\u00f4 t\u00ecm th\u00e0nh ho\u00e0ng ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 d\u1eabn d\u1eaft c\u1ee7a nho s\u0129 \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong phong tr\u00e0o t\u00ecm th\u1ea7n cho \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 l\u1eadp \u0111\u00ecnh s\u00f4i n\u1ed5i \u1edf th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XVII, XVIII. \u0110i\u1ec1u ph\u00e1c gi\u00e1c \u0111\u00f3 cho ta th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 gi\u1ea3i th1ich t\u1ea1i sao c\u00e1c th\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u chi nh\u00e1nh \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01a1i theo s\u1ef1 d\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed5i d\u00e2n c\u01b0, hay v\u00ec m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 b\u1ed7ng \u2013 d\u01b0ng n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3! M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, nh\u1edd s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a Nho h\u1ecdc, c\u00e1c th\u1ea7n c\u00f3 t\u00ean n\u00f4m na x\u1ea5u x\u00ed s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eafn nhi\u1ec1u m\u0129 hi\u1ec7u l\u00e0m d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng cho vi\u00eac tho\u00e1t x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 theo k\u1ecbp tr\u00e0o l\u01b0u. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ghi ch\u00e9p c\u1ee7a s\u00e1ch v\u1edf, gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n trong vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1p l\u1eadp th\u1ea7n Th\u1ea7n An D\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea7m s\u1eebng t\u00ea r\u1ebd n\u01b0\u1edbc theo Thanh Giang S\u1ee9 th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1edd \u1edf m\u1ed9t c\u1eeda bi\u1ec3n tuy kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u t\u1ea1i sao ph\u1ea3i l\u1ea7n v\u00e0o t\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea5t Ngh\u1ec7 An ng\u00e0y nay. Th\u1ea7n H\u00f9ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 hi\u1ec7u theo 3,6,18 theo chi\u1ec1u suy lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a s\u1ed1 h\u1ecdc s\u01a1 \u0111\u1eb3ng m\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c t\u00ean v\u0103n h\u00f3a g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi ngh\u0129a H\u00e1n c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef: H\u00f9ng Du\u1ec7 V\u01b0\u01a1ng trong th\u1ea7n t\u00edch Hai B\u00e0(1572), H\u00f9ng Hi\u1ec1n V\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 B\u00ecnh \u0110\u1eb3ng, huy\u1ec7n B\u1ea1ch H\u1ea1c (c\u0169ng n\u0103m 1572)(3). V\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay th\u00ec \u0111\u1ee7 c\u1ea3 18 \u00f4ng! Ng\u00e0y nay, ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eadt nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd th\u00e0nh ho\u00e0ng, th\u1ea7n linh l\u00e0 con t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a vua H\u00f9ng, v\u1ee3 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 t\u00e1 c\u1ee7a S\u01a1n Tinh (r\u1ec3 H\u00f9ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng)...M\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n v\u00ec t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u thi\u1ebfu th\u1ed1n, m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c v\u00ec s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e0o s\u00e2u ph\u00e2n t\u00edch d\u1ec5 g\u1eb7p c\u1ea5m k\u1ecb c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i ng\u00e0y nay t\u1eeb ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tr\u00ec n\u00edu c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang, khi\u1ebfn h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1 gi\u00e1c trong lo s\u1ee3, ph\u1ea3i nhi\u1ec7t th\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e0o b\u1edbi trong khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5, n\u00ean ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i r\u00f5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n bi\u1ebfn, gia nh\u1eadp c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u1ea7n c\u00f3 t\u00ean \u0111\u1eb9p \u0111\u1ebd sau n\u00e0y thu\u1ed9c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng H\u00f9ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng. Nh\u01b0ng vi\u1ec7c m\u01b0\u1ee3n th\u1ea7n t\u00edch \u1edf l\u00e0ng Quan Nh\u00e2n x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XIX ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf c\u00e1c th\u1ea7n l\u00e0ng \u201cd\u1ef1a h\u01a1i`` H\u00f9ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng cho x\u1ee9ng v\u1edbi uy th\u1ebf t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1o \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n s\u00f9ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00f3a c\u00e1c d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft th\u1ea7n tr\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh d\u1ecbch, th\u1ea7n ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n tai \u00e1ch cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n... Tuy nhi\u00ean, ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111o\u00e1n ra g\u1ed1c g\u00e1c, chuy\u1ec3n bi\u1ebfn \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u1ea7n. C\u00e1c th\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Lang th\u1edd \u1edf H\u1ea1o Ph\u1ed1 (Ph\u00fa Th\u1ecd) coi nh\u01b0 con c\u1ee7a H\u00f9ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng, l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u1ea7n th\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1i , M\u01b0\u1eddng. H\u00f9ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 con r\u1ec5 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ea7n n\u00fai th\u00ec th\u1ea7n n\u00fai Cao S\u01a1n, Qu\u00ed Minh l\u00e0 con \u0111\u1ebb c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u(4). C\u00e1c th\u1ea7n s\u00f4ng bi\u1ec3n c\u00f3 v\u1ebb kh\u00f3 h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp \u2013 v\u00ec c\u00f3 t\u1ed5 l\u00e0 Th\u1ee7y Tinh, v\u00ec b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t n\u00fai (con \u00c2u C\u01a1) c\u1ee7a H\u00f9ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf? V\u1eady m\u00e0, h\u1eb3n l\u00e0 qua s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef gi\u1eefa Long V\u01b0\u01a1ng, Long Qu\u00e2n, L\u1ea1c Long Qu\u00e2n, con c\u00e1 voi t\u1eeb mi\u1ec1n Nam ra d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng th\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng l\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0o cung H\u00f9ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng Qua s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ea7n linh bi\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh theo \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c n\u1eef th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a d\u00e2m t\u1eeb tr\u1ed7i d\u1eady n\u1ea5p trong t\u1eadp h\u1ecdp th\u1ea7n linh \u0111\u1eb7t H\u00f9ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 ch\u1ed1t. V\u00e0 ngay ch\u00ednh th\u1ea7n linh bi\u1ec3n c\u0169ng \u00edt nhi\u1ec1u n\u1ea5p sau m\u1ed9t th\u1ea7n t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o cao c\u1ea5p: Ph\u1eadt B\u00e0 Quan \u00c2m. \u0110\u00e3 c\u00f3 v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n b\u1ea3o tr\u1ee3 t\u1ed1i cao nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh s\u00f9ng b\u00e1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u1eef th\u1ea7n, th\u00ec c\u00e1c th\u1ea7n linh n\u1eef kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn \u00f4ng t\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1o Nho \u0111\u00e3 truy\u1ec1n \u00fd th\u1ee9c coi th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng cho c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec7 \u1edf \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. V\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u1ea7n linh danh ti\u1ebfng c\u00e0ng n\u1ed5i theo v\u1edbi tinh th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd sau th\u1eddi th\u1eafng Minh: th\u1ea7n Nh\u1ecb Tr\u01b0ng \u00dd th\u1ee9c t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng th\u1ea7n t\u00edch khi\u1ebfn ta t\u00ecn r\u1eb1ng qua nh\u1eefng sao ch\u00e9p, nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee7 \u00fd ban \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1eabn c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn ra trong nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n v\u0103n v\u1ec1 sau. T\u1eeb th\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3 1572, ta g\u1eb7p t\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi cha Hai B\u00e0 c\u00f3 ghi ra c\u0169ng b\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng, v\u00ec r\u00f5 l\u00e0 t\u00ean m\u01b0\u1ee3n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u00fd ni\u1ec7m c\u00f3 s\u1eb3n: H\u00f9ng l\u1ea1c T\u01b0\u1edbng qu\u00e2n, \u201cd\u00f2ng d\u00f5i L\u1ea1c Long Qu\u00e2n``. C\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft d\u1ec5 d\u00e3i v\u1ec7 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n v\u00e2n H\u00f9ng\/L\u1ea1c \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e1ng l\u01b0u \u00fd. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3 b\u00e0 m\u1eb9 l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 t\u00ean r\u00e0nh r\u1ebd: Tr\u1ea7n Th\u1ecb \u0110oan \u2013 tuy r\u1eb1ng t\u00ean n\u00e0y c\u0169ng mang m\u1ed9t ch\u1eebng m\u1ef1c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng. Chi","ti\u1ebft 2000 ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef m\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong v\u00f2ng 15 ng\u00e0y v\u00e0 27 c\u00f4 h\u1ea7u gi\u00e1 ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 t\u00ean r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t c\u0169ng m\u1edf ra m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed1n s\u1ed5 gi\u1ea5y tr\u1eafng cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u01b0a \u0111i\u1ec1n v\u00e0o. C\u00e1c nam t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng tuy ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 t\u00ean, nh\u01b0ng r\u1ed3i c\u0169ng s\u1ebd c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 t\u00ean tu\u1ed5i, s\u1ef1 t\u00edch nh\u01b0 ng\u00e0y nay cho th\u1ea5y (5) N\u1eef th\u1ea7n c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u, ngay c\u1ea3 \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i m\u00e0 s\u00e1ch v\u1edf nho s\u0129 g\u00e1n cho l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a nam th\u1ea7n. ANC n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ea7n M\u1ecb N\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ean n\u00fai T\u1ea3n Vi\u00ean. N\u00fai Tam \u0110\u1ea3o, m\u1ed9t danh th\u1eafng kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng 1499-1500 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vua cho l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ea7n Thanh S\u01a1n \u0110\u1ea1i V\u01b0\u01a1ng (t\u00ean ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u01b0ng r\u00f5 l\u00e0 nam th\u1ea7n), v\u1eady m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XVIII, XIX, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f2n bi\u1ebft \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 mi\u1ebfu \u00c2m th\u1ea7n, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u01b0ng t\u1ee5ng b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd: Qu\u1ed1c M\u1eabu (Ch\u00faa X\u1ee9!). B\u00e0 Man Thi\u1ec7n hay Tr\u1ea7n Th\u1ecb \u0110oan n\u1eb1m d\u01b0\u1edbi ng\u00f4i m\u1ea3 D\u1ea1 (t\u1eeb ng\u1eef ch\u1ec9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 gi\u00e0 l\u00e3o kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng) l\u00e0m th\u00e0nh ho\u00e0ng l\u00e0ng Nam Nguy\u1ec5n (ngo\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i), \u0111\u00e3 h\u01a1n b\u00e0 qu\u00f3c m\u1eabu kia \u1edf c\u00e1i t\u00ean h\u1ecd H\u00e1n h\u00f3a nh\u1edd gh\u00e9p v\u00e0o v\u1edbi Hai B\u00e0 Tr\u01b0ng. C\u0169ng v\u1eady, c\u00e1c \u201cn\u1eef t\u01b0\u1edbng`` c\u1ee7a Hai B\u00e0 s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh th\u00e0nh ho\u00e0ng l\u00e0ng nh\u01b0 b\u00e0 B\u00e1t N\u1ea1n ng\u1ef1 \u1edf \u0111\u00ecnh l\u00e0ng L\u00e2u Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, c\u00f2n c\u00f4ng ch\u00faa Thi\u1ec1n Hoa th\u00ec \u1edf l\u00e0ng Hi\u1ec1n Quan (V\u0129nh Ph\u00fa)... C\u1ea3 con r\u00f9a \u2013 da (bi\u1ec3n) B\u00e0 T\u00edm c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0 d\u00e2n ph\u00eda Nam th\u1edd trong c\u00e1c Dinh V\u1ea1n v\u1edbi c\u00e1 \u00d4ng c\u0169ng l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn V\u0129nh Ninh ( Thanh Tr\u00ec \u2013 H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i) \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh N\u00e0ng T\u00eda g\u1ed1c g\u00e1nh n\u01b0\u1edbc, l\u00e0m t\u01b0\u1edbng B\u00e0 Tr\u01b0ng chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u ch\u1ed1ng qu\u00e2n H\u00e1n c\u1ee7a Th\u1ea7n Ph\u00f9, c\u1ea3 khi th\u1ee7 l\u0129nh \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ea1i tr\u1eadn (6) Nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u0111i v\u00e0o \u0111\u00ecnh l\u00e0ng mang c\u00e1c t\u00ean c\u00f2n d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft nhi\u00ean th\u1ea7n d\u00f9 d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u0129 t\u1eeb x\u01b0ng t\u1ee5n nh\u01b0 Cao S\u01a1n, Thi\u1ebft C\u01b0\u01a1ng, Long Uy\u00ean, Ng\u1ecdc Hoa, Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Dung... m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi vua H\u00f9ng, vua Th\u1ee5c, B\u00e0 Tr\u01b0ng, \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn \u00fd th\u1ee9c khu v\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a l\u00e0ng x\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e2ng cao kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng trong ph\u1ea1m vi th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c m\u00e0 c\u00f2n th\u00eam \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng gi\u00e1m c\u1ee7a c\u00f5i linh thi\u00eang. \u0110\u00ecnh l\u00e0ng do \u0111\u00f3, tuy c\u00f2n nh\u1eefng d\u00ednh l\u00edu x\u01b0a c\u0169 nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 n\u1eb1m trong m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh duy l\u00ed ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i n\u1eafm \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea1o tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Ch\u00fa th\u00edch: (2) Ngan Nan tche yuan, s\u0111d, ph\u1ea7n ch\u1eef H\u00e1n, tr.133 (3) Nguy\u1ec5n Vinh Ph\u00fac, \u201cT\u00e1i ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n th\u1ea7n t\u00edch hai l\u00e0ng H\u00e1t M\u00f4n v\u00e0 H\u1ea1 L\u00f4i\u201c, Nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n m\u1edbi v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc 1982, tr.202-206; Ph\u1ea1m V\u0103n Th\u1eafm, \u201cV\u1ec1 t\u1ea5m bia \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00ecnh l\u00e0ng Quan Nh\u00e2n, huy\u1ec7n T\u1eeb Li\u00ean \u2013 H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i\u201c , T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed H\u00e1n N\u00f4m 1 \/ 2(1987),tr.72. T\u1ea5m bia \u0111\u1ed3ng, 1853 cho bi\u1ebft th\u1ea7n l\u00e0ng Quan Nh\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 t\u00edch ph\u1ea3i ch\u00e9p l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 t\u00edch c\u1ee7a l\u00e0ng B\u00ecnh \u0110\u1eb3ng do Nguy\u1ec5n B\u00ednh so\u1ea1n n\u0103m 1572. N\u00ean l\u01b0u \u00fd l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd L\u00ea c\u00f2n \u1edf Thanh H\u00f3a, n\u00ean vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd trong \u0111\u1ea5t M\u1ea1c ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 theo truy\u1ec1n v\u0103n, k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i hay c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 b\u1ecba th\u00eam cho ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf ch\u1ee9 kg ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 k\u00ea khai c\u1ee7a l\u00e0ng x\u00e3 (4) \u0110\u1eb7ng V\u0103n Lung, \u201cDi\u1ec5n X\u01b0\u1edbng...\u201c V\u0103n h\u00f3a d\u00e2n gian 2 (1984), tr.18 (5) \u00d4ng \u0110\u1eb7ng V\u0103n Lung (tr.16) t\u1ecf \u00fd ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 di\u1ec5n x\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1edbng l\u0129nh c\u1ee7a Hai B\u00e0 th\u00ec r\u1ea5t c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, v\u1edbi chi ti\u1ebft r\u00e0nh r\u1ebd trong khi di\u1ec5n x\u01b0\u1edbng \u1edf n\u01a1i th\u1edd Hai B\u00e0 th\u00ec l\u1ea1i m\u01a1 h\u1ed3, tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, nh\u01b0 v\u00e0o n\u01a1i th\u1edd Tr\u01b0ng Nh\u1ecb ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec7u m\u00faa m\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f9a, n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ec1n m\u1eb9 Hai B\u00e0, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 h\u00e1t m\u00faa v\u00e0 c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ea3o. Ch\u1eb3ng n\u00ean l\u1ea5y l\u00e0m l\u1ea1 ghi nh\u1eadn tr\u00ean ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ecdp g\u1ed1c th\u1edd c\u00fang Hai B\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o th\u1eddi x\u01b0a c\u0169 (c\u00f3 v\u1ebb l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XII v\u00ec c\u00f3 l\u1ebd c\u1ea7u m\u00f9a k\u00e8m theo), c\u00f2n d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 \u00f4ng \u0110VL cho bi\u1ebft th\u00ec thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng Hai B\u00e0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng, c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i mu\u1ed9n h\u01a1n, v\u00e0o l\u00fac t\u00ednh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 chen v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 th\u1edd c\u00fang v\u00e0 mang th\u00eam t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00f3a l\u00e0m t\u01b0\u1edbng Hai B\u00e0 (6) Nguy\u1ec5n Vinh Ph\u00fac, Cu\u1ed9c kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a Hai B\u00e0 Tr\u01b0ng \u1edf H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i (H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i 1983), tr.195. Vi\u1ec7c gh\u00e9p B\u00e0 T\u00edm v\u00e0 N\u00e0ng T\u00eda l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i III. \u0110\u00ccNH L\u00c0NG V\u00c0 L\u1ec6 L\u00c0NG Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y, ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ec1 di\u1ec7n m\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00ecnh t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n qua c\u00e1c t\u00e1i li\u1ec7u \u00edt \u1ecfi c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf","k\u1ec9 XV, kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 v\u1ec1 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u00ecnh t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t Vi\u1ec7t, s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong m\u1ed9t l\u00e0ng x\u00e3 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t l\u00e0 ki l\u00e0ng l\u00e3nh vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb \u0111\u00ecnh t\u01b0, th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng h\u1ecd th\u1eeba h\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1ed9t (hay nhi\u1ec1u) c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh x\u00e2y c\u1ea5t h\u1eb3n ph\u1ea3i to r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e2n x\u1ee9ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i th\u1edd c\u00fang, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0o trong tay c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 ng\u01a1i ru\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho vi\u1ec7c c\u00fang t\u1ebf n\u1eefa. Do \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i, t\u1eeb l\u1ec7nh 1496, l\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec1n (l\u00e0ng x\u00e3) th\u1ef1c th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec3 thu t\u00f4 nh\u01b0 \u00f4ng ch\u1ee7 ru\u1ed9ng ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed ru\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc trung \u01b0\u01a1ng, m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n thu t\u00f4 \u0103n ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 suy t\u1eeb l\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a L\u00ed Th\u00e1i T\u00f4ng n\u0103m 1024(7), v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 d\u01b0\u1edbi tri\u1ec1u H\u1eadu L\u00ea trong ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ed9c \u0111i\u1ec1n, qu\u00e2n \u0111i\u1ec1n. C\u00e1c th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, ngay c\u1ea3 khi gia nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng H\u00f9ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1eabn ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf m\u1ed9t s\u1ee9c thu h\u00fat ri\u00eang ph\u1ea3n \u1ea3nh \u2013 v\u00e0 nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u2013 m\u1ed9t tinh th\u1ea7n s\u1ee9 qu\u00e2n ti\u1ec1m t\u00e0ng trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t. \u00d4ng h\u1ed9 ph\u00e1p ch\u00f9a Ki\u1ebfn S\u01a1 b\u00e1m tr\u1ea7n th\u1ebf tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi anh h\u00f9ng gi\u00fap d\u00e2n d\u1ef1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u01a1 h\u1ed3 \u1edf th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 th\u1ee9 XIII, \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 th\u1ee9 XIV \u0111\u00e3 v\u01b0\u01a1n l\u00ean mi\u1ec1n trung du ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi th\u1ea7n n\u00fai V\u1ec7 Linh th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t th\u1ea7n nh\u00e2n gi\u00fap Vua H\u00f9ng III (hay IV). Ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ho\u00e0ng \u0110\u1ebf cho t\u1ebf l\u1ec5 \u0111\u00f3, nh\u1edd \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb c\u00f3 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf m\u00e0 thu nh\u1eadn v\u00e0o truy\u1ec7n t\u00edch c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ea5u th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 trong h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9a b\u00e9 kh\u1edfi ph\u00e1t th\u1eadt nh\u1ecf nhoi v\u1ec1 th\u00e2n x\u00e1c, v\u1ee5t cao l\u1edbn l\u00ean l\u00e0m n\u00ean v\u0129 t\u00edch \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eddi. R\u1ea3i r\u00e1c v\u1ec1 sau, nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c ti\u1ec1m tang mang truy\u1ec7n t\u00edch ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c may m\u1eafn c\u00f3 vua bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn, hay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u th\u00e0nh mu\u1ed9n h\u01a1n, th\u00ec \u0111\u00e0nh tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 gi\u00fap \u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed1ng Ph\u00f9 \u0110\u1ed5ng, qua \u0111\u00f3 gi\u00fap \u00f4ng H\u00f9ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 n\u1eb1m trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ea7n linh m\u1edbi Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng qu\u00ean c\u00e1c \u0111\u00ecnh th\u1edd Ph\u1eadt (ch\u1eafc \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 \u201cch\u00f9a\u201d trong c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u 1474, 1496 k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean) c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ru\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c th\u1edd c\u00fang (h\u1eadu Ph\u1eadt) n\u00ean ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn sau n\u0103m 1496 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ch\u00f9a l\u00e0ng. Cho \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay, ru\u1ed9ng h\u1eadu ch\u00f9a l\u00e0ng v\u1eabn ch\u1ecbu m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a l\u00e0ng x\u00e3 tuy r\u1eb1ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u0103ng s\u0129 (n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf \u00f4ng t\u1eeb) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m n\u1edbi b\u1edbt m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c \u1ea5y. Th\u1ebf m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng xa sau quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh 1496, ch\u00fang ta g\u1eb7p Tr\u1ea7n C\u1ea3o thao t\u00fang t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n ch\u00f9a (l\u00e0ng) D\u01b0\u01a1ng Ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ee9c n\u1ed5i d\u1eady(1516), c\u00f2n C\u1ed3 Kh\u1eafc X\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00ec \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean ch\u00f9a l\u00e0ng l\u00e0 Ph\u00f9 Kinh, l\u00e0m c\u01a1 s\u1edf ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh b\u1eb1ng c\u01a1m ch\u00e1y(1517). Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, suy ra v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n quy\u1ec1n h\u1ea1n kh\u00e1 l\u1edbn tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t ch\u00f9a l\u00e0ng v\u00e0 tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u00ecnh l\u00e0ng, ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1edf c\u1ea5p th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 trong tay m\u1ed9t quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn t\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c L\u00e0ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u00f4ng th\u1ea7n b\u1ea3o tr\u1ee3, m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i h\u1ed9i h\u1ecdp b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ecbnh vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea7n ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u00eam m\u1ed9t m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi trung \u01b0\u01a1ng, h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p ph\u1ee7 huy\u1ec7n b\u00ean tr\u00ean, tuy v\u1eabn ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu c\u00e1i th\u1ebf ch\u00e8n \u00e9p c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t. T\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng mang l\u1ea1i l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft cho s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng quan vi\u00ean l\u00e0ng x\u00e3 tranh gi\u00e0nh ng\u00f4i th\u1ee9 v\u00e0 tranh chi\u1ebfm ru\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 hai kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 danh \u0111i \u0111\u00f4i v\u1edbi nhau, kh\u00f4ng ng\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u00f9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n m\u00e0 Nho Gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi S\u1ef1 tan r\u00e3 c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n trung \u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 th\u1ee9 XVI qua c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c tranh ch\u1ea5p, chi\u1ebfn tranh b\u00ean trong tri\u1ec1u L\u00ea, gi\u1eefa L\u00ea M\u1ea1c, Tr\u1ecbnh Nguy\u1ec5n l\u00e0m cho \u00fd th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a l\u00e0ng x\u00e3 th\u00eam \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf ph\u1ea3i lo t\u1ef1 b\u1ea3o to\u00e0n trong bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng. C\u00e1c \u0111\u00ecnh l\u00e0ng c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i tr\u00ean mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh \u0111\u00fang th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ee7a giai \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 l\u00e0ng x\u00e3 theo v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 x\u00e2y c\u1ea5t ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 th\u1edd \u00f4ng th\u00e0nh ho\u00e0ng: \u0110\u00ecnh s\u1edbm nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 th\u1ee9 XVI th\u1eadt \u00edt oi, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i n\u1edf r\u1ed9 trong th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 th\u1ee9 XVII, XVIII c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9ng t\u00edch th\u00e0nh v\u0103n kh\u00e1c. T\u1eadp h\u1ecdp quan vi\u00ean l\u00e0ng x\u00e3 mang m\u1edb ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c kinh bang t\u1ebf th\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng: c\u00e1c h\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0\u1edbc ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u0169ng r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XVII tr\u1edf \u0111i (8). L\u1ec7 l\u00e0ng h\u1eb3n tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 theo nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ecdp x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i l\u00e2u d\u00e0i, \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn b\u1eb1ng v\u0103n b\u1ea3n, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p khu v\u1ef1c, mang t\u1ea7m m\u1ee9c quy\u1ec1n uy n\u00edu th\u00eam uy t\u00edn cho nh\u1eefng l\u1ec7 l\u00e0ng ch\u01b0a th\u00e0nh v\u0103n Ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n L\u00ea Tr\u1ecbnh qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb t\u1eadp h\u1ecdp l\u00e0ng x\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XVII, XVIII nh\u01b0 ph\u1ea3i ch\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1eb7ng \u0111\u1eebng m\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t con dao hai l\u01b0\u1ee1i. Bu\u00f4ng cho \u0111\u00e1m c\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00e0o l\u00e0ng x\u00e3 qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng theo c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i cho \u0111\u00e1m h\u00e0ng ng\u0169 \u0103n tr\u00ean ng\u1ed3i tr\u1ed1c \u0111\u00f3 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng chi ti\u1ebft lu\u1eadt l\u1ec7 ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c che","gi\u1ea5u ho\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7n minh b\u1eb1ng ph\u00e9p n\u01b0\u1edbc, b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00ed Nho Gi\u00e1o, th\u00ec Th\u0103ng Long s\u1ebd an t\u00e2m thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu\u1ebf, b\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00ednh, d\u1ed3n s\u1ee9c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft tranh ch\u1ea5p v\u1edbi ch\u00faa B\u1ea7u, v\u1edbi M\u1ea1c, v\u1edbi ch\u00faa Nguy\u1ec5n. Nh\u01b0ng trong khi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ea7n linh v\u00e0 th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p nhau \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n h\u00f3a \u00fd th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n l\u00e0ng x\u00e3 theo c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i cho trung \u01b0\u01a1ng, th\u00ec \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi n\u00f3 c\u0169ng t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t t\u00e2m tr\u1ea1ng s\u1ee9 qu\u00e2n ti\u1ec1m tang b\u00ean trong l\u0169y tre xanh Nh\u1eefng mong \u01b0\u1edbc th\u1eadt nh\u1ecf b\u00e9 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ea7m m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh to l\u1edbn, \u0111\u00e1ng h\u00e3nh di\u1ec7n, khoe khoang \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi x\u00f3m l\u00e0ng, mang l\u1ea1i \u00fd ngh\u0129a s\u1ed1ng cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ecbu an ph\u1eadn, v\u00e0 l\u1ea1i ni\u1ec1m an \u1ee7i cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i g\u1eb7p th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i trong \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u01a1n cao. S\u1ef1 co r\u00fat \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ea1o n\u01a1i nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00e0ng x\u00e3 m\u1ed9t t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn h\u1eb9p v\u1edbi t\u00ednh \u00edch k\u1ec9 c\u1ea7u an, \u0111\u1ea7y tranh ch\u1ea5p nh\u1ecf nhen v\u1ec1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ea7n linh. C\u00f3 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n S\u01a1n Tinh \u2013 Th\u1ee7y Tinh c\u00e1ch t\u00e2n, mang t\u00ednh th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i ph\u00e2n tranh bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh chuy\u1ec7n th\u1ea7n thu\u1ed3ng lu\u1ed3ng \u1edf Nam \u0110\u00e0n (Ngh\u1ec7 An) \u0111i \u0111\u00e1nh th\u1ea7n T\u1ea3n Vi\u00ean, b\u1ecb gi\u1ebft ch\u1ebft. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta g\u00e1n v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t vi\u00ean quan \u0111\u1eddi M\u1ea1c c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n \u00f4ng \u0111i qua \u0111\u1ec1n l\u00e0ng b\u1ecb th\u1ea7n ho\u00e0ng r\u01b0\u1ee3t, ch\u1ea1y qua l\u00e0ng b\u00ean kia k\u00eau c\u1ee9u, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y ai (th\u1ea7n) l\u00ean ti\u1ebfng, qua l\u00e0ng kh\u00e1c g\u1eb7p th\u1ea7n n\u1ec3 t\u00ecnh ra b\u1ea3o: \u201cH\u00e3y qua b\u00ean l\u00e0ng kia, ch\u1ee9 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f9ng huy\u1ec7n, kh\u00f4ng ti\u1ec7n gi\u00fap\u201d(9) Th\u00e0nh ho\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng ra g\u00ec, ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u201cx\u00e3 l\u1ec7nh\u201d (tr\u00ean c\u00f5i thi\u00eang) lo vi\u1ec7c b\u1eaft l\u00ednh cho th\u1ea7n linh trung \u01b0\u01a1ng, nh\u01b0ng d\u00f9 sao c\u0169ng l\u00e0 c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9c ph\u1eadn \u2013 c\u00f2n h\u01a1n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec \u2013 n\u00ean \u00f4ng T\u1ea3 Ao \u0111i \u201cdu h\u1ecdc\u201d th\u00e0nh t\u00e0i, n\u1ed5i danh \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ea3 cho nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh sang qu\u00ed m\u00e0 r\u1ed1t cu\u1ed9c bi\u1ebft m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u1eadn, c\u0169ng c\u1ed1 t\u00ecm m\u1ed9t huy\u1ec7t tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng khi\u00eang \u0111i chon, mong h\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u00fat huy\u1ebft th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a l\u00e0ng(10). Ch\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng ra g\u00ec, nh\u01b0ng th\u00f3i h\u1ed1ng h\u00e1ch \u1edf khu v\u1ef1c c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ee7 cho th\u1ea7n tr\u00e1ch c\u1ea3 Tham t\u1ee5ng Nguy\u1ec5n Kh\u1ea3m, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u tri\u1ec1u c\u1ee7a L\u00ea Tr\u1ecbnh khi \u0111i qua \u0111\u1ea5t Thanh Tr\u00ec, kh\u00f4ng xu\u1ed1ng ng\u1ef1a \u201cT\u00f4i d\u00f9 nh\u1ecf nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng tr\u1ea5n m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y \u2026\u201d(11) Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi, hay t\u1eadp h\u1ecdp b\u00e1 ch\u1ee7 l\u00e0ng x\u00e3 \u2013 khi g\u1eb7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ph\u1ec9nh ph\u1edd hay th\u00fac b\u00e1ch n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, v\u1ee5t th\u1ea5y tham v\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 c\u01a1 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00ec n\u1ed5i d\u1eady g\u00e2y s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7 - hay \u1edf trung \u01b0\u01a1ng n\u1ebfu m\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea7m m\u1ee9c r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn. Nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c n\u1ed5i d\u1eady tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t L\u00ea Tr\u1ecbnh thay nhau li\u00ean t\u1ee5c \u1edf th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 th\u1ee9 XVIII \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u00e0y nay g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cnh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n\u201d th\u1ef1c ra \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng b\u1edfi \u0111\u00e1m c\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00e0o, quan vi\u00ean l\u00e0ng x\u00e3 hay nh\u00f3m l\u00e0ng x\u00e3 trong t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh m\u1ea5t s\u1ef1 qu\u00e2n b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan trung \u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean ch\u00ednh s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t th\u1eddi \u1ea5y. T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 sau khi \u201ckh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a\u201d \u1edf l\u00e0ng x\u00e3 gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng C\u01b0\u1eddng B\u1ea1o \u0110\u1ea1i V\u01b0\u01a1ng, ph\u00fac th\u1ea7n l\u00e0ng B\u1ed1i C\u1ea9m, ghi nh\u1eadn trong th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XVIII: M\u1ed9t t\u00ean ng\u1ed7 ngh\u1ecbch lien k\u1ebft v\u1edbi \u00f4ng T\u00e1o bi\u1ebft vi\u1ec7c thi\u00ean \u0111\u00ecnh n\u00ean tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ea1n thi\u00ean l\u00f4i, r\u1ed3i t\u0103ng ti\u1ebfn kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng, d\u1ea7n d\u00e0 \u0111e d\u1ecda c\u1ea3 thi\u00ean \u0111\u00ecnh; v\u00ec n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 lien minh m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn, h\u1eafn b\u1ecb Tr\u1eddi \u0111\u00e1nh, \u0111\u00e0nh tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 ph\u00e1 ph\u00e1ch x\u00f3m l\u00e0ng, an ph\u1eadn l\u00e0m th\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ee3 nh\u01b0 ai m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y Ng\u1ecdc Ho\u00e0ng qu\u1edf tr\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea5u c\u1ea3(12) Ghi ch\u00fa: (7) V\u1ec1 d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft ru\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t \u1edf c\u01a1 s\u1edf t\u1eadp h\u1ecdp c\u01b0 d\u00e2n(\u201cth\u00f4n\u201d) v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 X qua th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XI th\u00ec t\u1ea1m dung ch\u1ee9ng c\u1edb - c\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00e0 duy nh\u1ea5t \u2013 trong truy\u1ec7n L\u00ea Ph\u1ee5ng Hi\u1ec3u. V\u0110ULT d\u1ef1a s\u00e1ch Vi\u1ec7t s\u1eed b\u1ed5 di (th\u1ea5t truy\u1ec1n) cho bi\u1ebft trong vi\u1ec7c L\u00ea Ph\u1ee5ng Hi\u1ec3u dung s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea5t cho l\u00e0ng C\u1ed5 Bi, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng b\u1eadc gi\u00e0 c\u1ea3 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 trong l\u00e0ng. Nh\u01b0ng t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 ta c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3 quy\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng ru\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t l\u00e0ng C\u1ed5 Bi ( hay c\u1ee7a l\u00e0ng \u0110\u1eb7ng X\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed1i ngh\u1ecbch) l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a \u201cc\u00f4ng x\u00e3\u201d b\u1edfi v\u00ec ngay ch\u00ednh trong truy\u1ec7n n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n ru\u1ed9ng t\u01b0 mang t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng do m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 gi\u00e0u bao chi\u1ebfm , t\u1eebng m\u01b0\u1edbn L\u00ea Ph\u1ee5ng Hi\u1ec3u gi\u00e0nh gi\u1eadt, r\u1ed3i qua th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XII th\u00ec chuy\u1ec7n ru\u1ed9ng t\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt tr\u00ean t\u1ea7m m\u1ee9c qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3i ghi v\u00e0o ch\u00ednh s\u1eed v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t c\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u1ebf c\u00e0ng l\u00fac c\u00e0ng r\u00e0nh r\u1ebd , ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ecba. (8) B\u00f9i Xu\u00e2n \u0110\u00ednh, L\u1ec7 l\u00e0ng ph\u00e9p n\u01b0\u1edbc (H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i 1985) , tr.27. T\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp nho s\u0129 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh L\u00ea cho ph\u00e9p tham gia nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ebb c\u00f3 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n v\u1ec1 tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c, tinh th\u1ea7n \u1edf l\u00e0ng x\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n nh\u1eefng lu\u1eadt l\u1ec7 n\u1ea3y sinh tr\u00e1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n trung \u01b0\u01a1ng. L\u1ec7nh n\u0103m Quang Thu\u1eadn th\u1ee9 5(1464) \u201cC\u1ea5m t\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp t\u01b0 \u01b0\u1edbc\u201d ghi r\u00f5:\u201dNh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 lu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 chi\u1ebfu v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 thi h\u00e0nh\u2026kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean c\u00f3","kho\u00e1n \u01b0\u1edbc ri\u00eang. N\u1ebfu l\u00e0ng x\u00e3 n\u00e0o c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng t\u1ee5c kh\u00e1c l\u1ea1, l\u1eadp ra kho\u00e1n \u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 c\u1ea5m l\u1ec7, \u1eaft ph\u1ea3i nh\u1edd vi\u00ean ch\u1ee9c nho gi\u1ea3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ee9ng tu\u1ed5i, c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee9c h\u1ea1nh ngay th\u1eb3ng (l\u1eadp ra), m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tu\u00e2n th\u00e0nh\u201d. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u201cs\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e3 r\u1ed3i\u201d,\u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 kho\u00e1n l\u1ec7 th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i tr\u00ecnh quan tr\u00ean cho ph\u00e9p m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u h\u00e0nh (H\u1ed3ng \u0110\u1ee9c thi\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh th\u01b0, Nguy\u1ec5n S\u0129 Gi\u00e1c d\u1ecbch, S\u00e0i G\u00f2n 1959, tr.102-105. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh) Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, \u0111i\u1ec1u o\u00e1i \u0103m b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec5n ra: \u1ede th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 th\u1ee9 XV, nho s\u0129 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n \u1edf t\u1eadn l\u00e0ng x\u00e3, \u0111\u00e3 lu\u1ed3n v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t sinh ho\u1ea1t c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n (t\u01b0 \u01b0\u1edbc) \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n, th\u1ebf r\u1ed3i khi kho\u00e1n \u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn th\u00ec qua v\u00e0i th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 lan tr\u00e0n, n\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ph\u00e2n li (ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn mang t\u00ednh th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 tr\u00ec n\u00edu ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c) c\u00e1c nho s\u0129 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c ch\u00ednh tr\u00ean l\u1ec7 l\u00e0ng b\u1eb1ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh (9) Ph\u1ea1m \u0110\u00ecnh H\u1ed5 - Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1n, Tang th\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u1eabu l\u1ee5c (\u0110\u1ea1m Nguy\u00ean d\u1ecbch, S\u00e0i G\u00f2n 1962), tr.91- 92 Xem t\u1ea1i: http:\/\/hoangthantai.vn\/index.php?topic=4275.30 ( B\u00e0i 34 - \u00d4ng \u0110\u1ed7 U\u00f4ng) (10) Ph\u1ea1m \u0110\u00ecnh H\u1ed5, s\u0111d, t\u1eadp 2 tr.260 (11) V\u00f4 danh, L\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ea1i danh hi\u1ec1n ph\u1ed5 (Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Kh\u00f4i d\u1ecbch, S\u00e0i G\u00f2n 1962) tr.123 IV. H\u00c8M V\u00c0 T\u00c2M TH\u1ee8C N\u00d4NG D\u00c2N \u0110\u1ea0I VI\u1ec6T S\u1ef1 n\u1edf r\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00ecnh l\u00e0ng ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n trong l\u00fac th\u1ea7n linh c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n theo quan ni\u1ec7m ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 \u1ee9ng ph\u00f3, n\u00ean hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00e8m v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh danh x\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay. S\u1ef1 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n l\u1ea7n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 t\u1eeb Nho Gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00f4n ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o n\u1eefa, tuy v\u1eabn l\u00e0 \u00e1p l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n. Tr\u1ea3i qua n\u0103m th\u00e1ng ch\u1ed3ng ch\u1ea5t, h\u00e8m tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111a d\u1ea1ng h\u01a1n b\u1edfi xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t nhi\u1ec1u t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c, sang l\u1ecdc qua nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ea5m ng\u0103n, ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn th\u00e1i c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 n\u00edu gi\u1eef trong m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i do s\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1ng t\u1eeb b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a nghi l\u1ec5 c\u0169 Cho n\u00ean t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng ph\u1ed3n th\u1ef1c c\u00f3 l\u00fac, c\u00f3 n\u01a1i v\u1eabn c\u00f2n g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 nguy\u00ean v\u1eb9n \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u0103m 1945(13). Tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t V\u0129nh Ph\u00fa, c\u00e1c l\u00e0ng L\u01b0\u01a1ng L\u1ed7 (huy\u1ec7n s\u00f4ng L\u00f4) c\u00f2n t\u1ebf, r\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u01b0\u1edbp n\u1ecf n\u01b0\u1eddng. M\u1ed9t nghi th\u1ee9c \u201cs\u1ed7 s\u00e0ng\u201d nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf d\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t thanh gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 nho n\u00ean ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c ng\u1ee5y trang\u2026 V\u00e0 v\u1edbi th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i th\u00ec ch\u1ed7 n\u00fap b\u00f3ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e2u t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n \u00f4ng H\u00f9ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u00f4ng An D\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng\u2026 T\u01b0\u1edbng \u0110inh C\u00f4ng Tu\u1ea5n (?) c\u1ee7a An D\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u1ed1ng Tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ebft \u0111i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hai l\u00e0ng Tr\u00fac Ph\u00ea v\u00e0 \u00c1n Nguy\u00ean l\u00e0m l\u1ec5: Tr\u00fac Ph\u00ea c\u00f3 ti\u1ec7c b\u00e1nh d\u1ea7y, B\u1ebfn \u00c1 h\u1ea3 mi\u1ec7ng, b\u00ean n\u00e0y ch\u00e0y \u0111\u00e2m. D\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u g\u1ee3i t\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a c\u00e2u ca dao \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3m \u0111\u1ea7y n\u00e9t d\u1ee5c t\u00ednh cao \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00f9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn ra \u2013 hay l\u1edd \u0111i? \u2013 r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1i b\u00e1nh d\u1ea7y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 Yoni r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t. \u1ede Tr\u00e1ng Vi\u1ec7t, l\u1ec5 c\u00fang v\u1ec1 \u0111\u00eam ti\u1ec7n cho s\u1ef1 giao ti\u1ebfp g\u00e1i trai, c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00e1n cho l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00e8m c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t n\u1eef t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a Hai B\u00e0. D\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u ph\u1ed3n th\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Nho gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a cao \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p v\u00e0o quan ni\u1ec7m \u00e2m d\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00fac n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea1m tr\u00f9 tri\u1ebft l\u00ed. L\u1ec5 r\u01b0\u1edbc n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u1edf \u0111\u1ec1n H\u1ea1 L\u00f4i c\u1ee7a Hai B\u00e0 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1 ki\u1ec7u phu nam n\u1eef. C\u00f2n trong h\u1ed9i di\u1ec5n \u1edf \u0111\u1ec1n Ph\u00f9 \u0110\u1ed5ng th\u00ec c\u00e1c n\u1eef t\u01b0\u1edbng gi\u1eb7c \u00c2n son ph\u1ea5n l\u1ed9ng l\u1eaby ch\u1edd binh hung t\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1eaft \u0111i (14) V\u1edbi quan ni\u1ec7m ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u1ec1 th\u1ea7n \u0110\u1ea5t, nh\u1eefng nghi l\u1ec5 th\u00f4 s\u01a1 c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e2ng l\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi b\u00f3ng d\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt cao c\u1ea3. H\u00e8m \u1edf An \u0110\u1ea1o ( V\u0129nh Ph\u00fa) c\u00fang b\u00e0 L\u1eef Gia c\u00f3 m\u1ed5 heo, b\u00e0y c\u1ed7 ngo\u00e0i b\u00e3i, ngay tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ea3i chi\u1ebfu, t\u1ebf xong ph\u1ea3i \u0103n ngay d\u00f9 m\u01b0a gi\u00f3, v\u00ec theo gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch, b\u00e0 L\u1eef Gia ph\u1ea3i h\u00e0nh qu\u00e2n c\u1ea5p t\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e1ng qu\u00e2n H\u00e1n, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u00ec gi\u1edd n\u1ea5n n\u00e1, tr\u00ec ho\u00e3n. Nh\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng, nh\u1eefng th\u1ee3 s\u0103n \u1edf B\u1ed3ng Lai ( Ng\u01b0\u01a1n S\u01a1n \u2013 Qu\u1ea3ng B\u00ecnh) th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00fang th\u1ed5 th\u1ea7n ngay n\u01a1i s\u0103n, b\u1eaby \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed3i (15). R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u1ed1i th\u1edd c\u00fang g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a nghi l\u1ec5 An \u0110\u1ea1o m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ki chuy\u1ec3n bi\u1ebfn qua h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c h\u00e8m,","nghi l\u1ec5 th\u00f4 s\u01a1 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n gh\u00e9p v\u1edbi c\u00e1i l\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt c\u00f3 d\u00e1ng l\u1ecbch s\u1eed - nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tin l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 uy ch\u1ebf che ch\u1edf cho m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 t\u1ebf l\u1ec5 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb coi l\u00e0 t\u1ea7m th\u01b0\u1eddng \u201cm\u00ea t\u00edn d\u1ecb \u0111oan\u201d B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00fap b\u00f3ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u00e8m kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 tr\u1ed1n ch\u1ea1y v\u00e0o l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 d\u00e0n tr\u1ea3i d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1eaft ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea5u gi\u1ebfm m\u00e0 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u1ea9n n\u00e1u, n\u00e9 tr\u00e1nh, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch l\u00e0 kh\u1ecfi x\u00fac ph\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ednh t\u00e1ch thi\u00eang li\u00eang c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7n. V\u00e0 nh\u00ecn t\u1eeb trung \u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00ec h\u00e8m l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nghi l\u1ec5 b\u00ean l\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a nghi l\u1ec5 nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc qui \u0111\u1ecbnh, ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 nh\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a v\u01b0\u01a1ng quy\u1ec1n Nho Gi\u00e1o, \u1edf m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 nh\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u00f4ng vua \u2013 Ph\u1eadt tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia Gi\u1edbi nho s\u0129 c\u1ea5p th\u1ea5p \u1edf l\u00e0ng x\u00e3 trong khi h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 trung \u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00ec t\u00e2m tr\u00ed th\u1ea5m nhu\u1ea7n l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i b\u00eanh v\u1ef1c t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n ch\u00fang v\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh h\u1ecd m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n, b\u00eanh v\u1ef1c gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp qua s\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf h\u00f3a h\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0\u1edbc, tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ng\u1ee5y trang cho c\u00e1c \u00f4ng\/b\u00e0 th\u1ea7n \u2013 ma, gh\u00e9p cho h\u1ecd nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 t\u01b0\u1edbng H\u00f9ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng, t\u01b0\u1edbng Hai B\u00e0\u2026 V\u00e0 c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp \u1ea5y, c\u0169ng nh\u1eafm m\u1eaft ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng s\u1ef1 sinh s\u1ed1 n\u1ea3y n\u1edf c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7n linh b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb s\u1ee9c sinh \u0111\u1ed9ng trong quan ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 thi\u00eang li\u00eang c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n ch\u00fang. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n cung c\u1ea5p h\u00e8m th\u1eadt v\u00f4 t\u1eadn C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 \u0111un \u0111\u1ea9y th\u1ea7n linh t\u1eeb trong b\u00f3ng t\u1ed1i \u0111i ra, tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 tranh gi\u00e0nh theo ki\u1ec3u tranh ch\u1ea5p th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c b\u00ean trong l\u00e0ng x\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 chi\u1ebfm \u0111o\u1ea1t v\u1ecb ch\u1ed1n \u0111\u00ecnh trung. Ta g\u1eb7p c\u00e1c h\u00e8m \u201c\u0111\u00e1nh \u0111u\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh ho\u00e0ng\u201d, \u201c\u0111u\u1ed5i gi\u1eb7c cho th\u1ea7n\u201d c\u00f4ng khai h\u00f3a s\u1ef1 tranh ch\u1ea5p \u1ea5y, nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 tranh ch\u1ea5p c\u0169ng ti\u1ec1m tang \u1edf c\u00e1c h\u00e8m t\u1ebf th\u1ea7n m\u00f9, th\u1ea7n \u0103n tr\u1ed9m, qua m\u1eb7t c\u00e1c \u00f4ng th\u00e0nh ho\u00e0ng ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c \u0111ang ng\u1ed3i trong \u0111\u00ecnh \u1ea5y. V\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, h\u00e8m tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u00f3 th\u1ee9 b\u1ef1c xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n: B\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng khai m\u00e0 nghi l\u1ec5 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0 n\u00e9 tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n tr\u00ean cao, c\u00f2n c\u00f3 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n d\u00f2 d\u1eabm, th\u1eed th\u00e1ch d\u01b0 lu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n b\u00ean trong l\u00e0ng x\u00e3 \u2013 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i, kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea1 nh\u01b0ng h\u00e0nh l\u1ec5 b\u00e1n c\u00f4ng khai. Cho \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c h\u00e8m n\u00e0y ho\u1eb7c bi\u1ebfn \u0111i, ho\u1eb7c tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh quen m\u1eaft, quen tai, ch\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1eb7t ra ngo\u00e0i c\u00f4ng lu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 cho \u0111\u00e1m Nho s\u0129 t\u00f4 \u0111i\u1ec3m, bi\u1ec7n minh, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng trong l\u00e0ng x\u00e3 r\u1ed3i ch\u1edd d\u1ecbp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng c\u1eed l\u00ean ch\u1ed1n tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh C\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn sinh \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf trong n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a ng\u00f4i \u0111\u00ecnh l\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e3 in h\u1eb1ng tr\u00ean t\u00e2m t\u01b0 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t, bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9 qua nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch th\u1ebf suy ngh\u0129, \u1ee9ng x\u1eed \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng. Cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c \u2013 thi\u00eang li\u00eang nh\u1ea5t th\u1ec3 h\u00f3a trong h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u00f4i \u0111\u00ecnh ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, \u0111a d\u1ea1ng khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch uy\u1ec3n chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xoay chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng qua c\u00e1c th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp c\u1ef1c \u0111oan nh\u1ea5t(16). H\u00e8m, \u1edf m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec7n minh c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea5u gi\u1ebfm. M\u1ed9t n\u00e9t sinh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 thi\u00eang li\u00eang, th\u1ebf m\u00e0 khi v\u01b0\u01a1n ra ngo\u00e0i cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c tuy t\u1ea7m th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3i tr\u01b0ng b\u00e0y d\u01b0\u1edbi hai m\u1eb7t: m\u1eb7t c\u00f4ng khai \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 khu v\u1ef1c \u2013 r\u1ed9ng ho\u1eb7c h\u1eb9p \u2013 v\u00e0 m\u1eb7t gi\u1ea5u gi\u1ebfm \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n trung \u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u00e0i cu\u1ed9c. Cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng hai m\u1eb7t nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec7n minh v\u00e0 di\u1ec5n ra th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean n\u00ean tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng. S\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n h\u00f3a cung c\u00e1ch \u1ee9ng x\u1eed nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n d\u00e0i l\u00e2u, h\u00f2a nh\u1eadp ngay b\u00ean trong m\u1ed7i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, do \u0111\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o r\u1ea5t m\u1ef1c M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, \u00fd ngh\u0129a gi\u1ea5u gi\u1ebfm l\u00e0m cho s\u1ef1 qu\u00e2n b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng tinh th\u1ea7n th\u1eadt kh\u00e1 m\u1ecfng manh n\u00ean ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay th\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng qu\u00e2n b\u00ecnh b\u1ec1 ngo\u00e0i r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t. V\u1edbi t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp tri th\u1ee9c n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n \u2013 ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn l\u00e0 nho s\u0129 th\u1ea5t th\u1ebf - th\u00ec s\u1ef1 b\u00f9 \u0111\u1eafp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9ng t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5p kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch to l\u1edbn gi\u1eefa th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf l\u1eabn l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft l\u1eabn l\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng. L\u1ed1i n\u00f3i, v\u0103n th\u01a1 kh\u1ea9u kh\u00ed l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ed1i tho\u00e1t c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, l\u1ed1i tho\u00e1t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi 1 ch\u1eebng m\u1ef1c l\u00ean \u0111\u1ed3ng. Nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi n\u00f3i, th\u01a1 v\u0103n \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng ch\u1ec9 th\u1ea5y t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng n\u01a1i b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t l\u1ed9 m\u00e0 c\u00f2n cu\u1ed1n h\u00fat qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ea3m trong nh\u1eefng v\u1ee5 kh\u1edfi lo\u1ea1n n\u1eefa. Kh\u00f4ng k\u1ec3 l\u1edbp quan l\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 h\u01b0u, c\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00e0o v\u00e0 quan vi\u00ean c\u1ea5p th\u1ea5p th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh l\u00e0m quan vi\u00ean l\u00e0ng x\u00e3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1n b\u00f9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi quan tr\u00ean khi bi\u1ebft m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n uy gi\u1eefa ch\u1ed1n \u0111\u00ecnh trung, c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i gi\u1eefa \u201cm\u1ed9t tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh \u201c quen thu\u1ed9c. C\u00f2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n t\u1ea7m th\u01b0\u1eddng chia s3 nghi l\u1ec5 h\u00e8m th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ea7n ri\u00eang h\u00f2a nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong sinh ho\u1ea1t v\u1edbi th\u1ea7n \u2013 d\u00f9 l\u00e0 \u1edf th\u1ebf c\u1ea7u c\u1ea1nh \u2013 n\u00ean an t\u00e2m v\u00e0 c\u00f3 khi","ki\u00eau h\u00e3nh v\u00ec s\u1ef1 b\u1ea3o tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a ch\u1ed1n linh thi\u00eang \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng qua nh\u1eefng n\u0103m th\u00e1ng d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng l\u1ea5y g\u00ec l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng s\u1ee7a Ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng, hi\u1ec3u v\u1edbi kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh x\u00fac c\u1ea3m l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh, r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng b\u1ed9c l\u1ed9 nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t n\u01a1i c\u00e1c nghi l\u1ec5 h\u00e8m. C\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o cao c\u1ea5p trong uy th\u1ebf t\u00edn l\u00ed c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y t\u00e2m t\u00ecnh \u1ea5y l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn cao \u0111\u1ed9 khi ta ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3 trong m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i ch\u00f9a hay trong m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 th\u1edd C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o. C\u00f2n \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng khu v\u1ef1c th\u00ec c\u00e1c h\u1ed9i l\u1ec5 h\u1eb1ng n\u0103m d\u1ed3n d\u1eadp l\u00e0 n\u01a1i bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng ni\u1ec1m tin s\u00e2u \u0111\u1eadm c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00f5i si\u00eau linh, r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean G.Dumoutier khi ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn trong m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y h\u1ed9i Gi\u00f3ng v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XIX. Kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed huy ho\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i c\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t t\u1ea7m th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng nga2ybi2nh th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 t\u1ea1o ra t\u00e2m l\u00ed v\u00e2y vo, ph\u00f4 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u0129 di\u1ec7n \u2013 l\u1ea1i c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng hai m\u1eb7t c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i m\u00e3i n\u01a1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y m\u1ed9t khi v\u1eabn tri\u1ec1n mien trong nh\u1eefng \u00e1p l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t d\u00f9 th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00e1c \u0111i Ch\u00fa th\u00edch: (13) L\u00ea T\u01b0\u1ee3ng\u2026 L\u1ecbch s\u1eed V\u0129nh Ph\u00fa \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn, tr.34. C\u00e1c d\u1eabn ch\u1ee9ng sau l\u1ea5y \u1edf trang : 42, 43, 50 (14) Giang Qu\u00e2n\u2026 D\u1ea5u t\u00edch kinh th\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn, tr.145-146 (15) L.Cadi\u00e8re, \u201cCoutumes populaires de la vall\u00e9e de Ngu\u1ed3n S\u01a1n\u201d, BEFEO II, 4 (1902), tr.382 (16) Trong phong tr\u00e0o \u201c\u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi t\u01b0 duy\u201d, c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 trong m\u1ed9t h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb khoa h\u1ecdc n\u0103m 1987 v\u00e0 trong m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i b\u00e0i b\u00e1o xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong, ngo\u00e0i n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra nhi\u1ec1u tham lu\u1eadn b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c n\u01a1i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, l\u00e0ng x\u00f3m, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam. S\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, \u0111\u00e0nh r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00f4ng khai m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 x\u01b0a nay ( m\u1eb7c nhi\u00ean) b\u1ecb coi l\u00e0 c\u1ea5m k\u1ecb, kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean n\u00f3i, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u0169ng ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf s\u1ef1 r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c kh\u00f4ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t n\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0o t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ea5p th\u1eddi. Kh\u00f4ng l\u1ea5y l\u00e0m l\u1ea1 r\u1eb1ng t\u1eeb r\u1ea5t l\u00e2u ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y g\u00ec kh\u00e1c h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt t\u00e1n r\u1ed9ng, khu\u00f4n s\u00e1o v\u00e0 th\u00f9 t\u1ea1c, ch\u01b0a k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ec7 h\u01a1n l\u00e0 a dua. V\u00e0 c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 k\u1ec1m th\u00fac, o \u00e9p m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea9y, ph\u1ec9nh ph\u1edd, ve vu\u1ed1t t\u1ef1 \u00e1i h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 \u0111i theo nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u1eb7c th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf nh\u01b0 tinh th\u1ea7n d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, giai c\u1ea5p, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ea5n l\u01b0\u1edbt c\u1ea3 tinh th\u1ea7n khoa h\u1ecdc","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng VII: NH\u1eeeNG CH\u00c2N TR\u1edcI M\u1edaI CHO TH\u1ea6N LINH \u0110\u1ea0I VI\u1ec6T Nh\u00ecn chung, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u00e0nh ho\u00e0ng l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a c\u01b0 d\u00e2n l\u00e0ng x\u00e3 v\u1edbi tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111a s\u1ed1 l\u00e0 c\u01b0 d\u00e2n n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. \u0110\u1ea5y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea5t, th\u1ea7n linh khu v\u1ef1c d\u00e0nh cho nh\u00e0 n\u00f4ng. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn nh\u01b0 ta \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y, c\u00e1c th\u1ea7n linh d\u00f9 l\u00e0 nhi\u00ean th\u1ea7n hay nh\u00e2n th\u1ea7n c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u mang b\u1ed9 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u00f3a. Tinh th\u1ea7n duy v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u1ea3n sinh trong s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn v\u0103n h\u00f3a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u1eafc li\u00ean t\u1ee5c v\u00e0 s\u00e2u \u0111\u1eadm qua nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 khi\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u \u00f4ng th\u1ea7n Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111i th\u1eb3ng v\u00e0o \u0111\u00ecnh l\u00e0ng nh\u01b0 ba \u00f4ng th\u1ea7n l\u00e0ng Di\u00ean H\u00e0 c\u1ee7a L\u00ea Qu\u00ed \u0110\u00f4n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n th\u1eafc m\u1eafc ngay c\u1ea3 \u1edf nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0 gay c\u1ea5n: T\u01b0\u1edbng M\u00e3 Vi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi n\u0103m th\u1eafng d\u00e0i l\u00e2u d\u00f9 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed s\u00e1ch in v\u00e0o t\u00e2m tr\u00ed ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n l\u00e0 k\u1ebb \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p hai v\u1ecb n\u1eef anh hung d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c c\u0169ng v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1edd l\u00e0m th\u00e0nh ho\u00e0ng tr\u00ean v\u00f9ng chi\u1ebfn tr\u1eadn An L\u00e3ng(1), b\u1edfi v\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ch\u1eb3ng c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t \u00f4ng Ph\u1ee5c Ba trong chi ti\u1ebft c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n, m\u1ed9t \u00f4ng \u0110\u00f4ng H\u00e1n \u0110\u1ea1i V\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u01a1 h\u1ed3, \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac n\u00e0y, l\u00fac l\u00e0ng th\u1edd c\u00fang, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u00f3a, \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t \u00f4ng th\u1ea7n b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 d\u00e2n nh\u1eefng l\u00e0ng x\u00e3 Vi\u1ec7t Tuy nhi\u00ean t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u00f3a th\u1ea7n linh n\u00e0y l\u00e0m cho t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u1ea7n linh c\u0169 co r\u00fat l\u1ea1i trong khi \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng theo v\u1edbi th\u1eddi gian, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng th\u1ea7n linh m\u1edbi d\u00f9 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 ki\u00eau ng\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a k\u1ebb c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n \u1edf v\u1ecb th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m ng\u0103n tr\u1edf s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 ta th\u1ea5y xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ea7n linh m\u1edbi, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i thu\u1ed9c n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p hay n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a, tr\u00ean bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi m\u1edbi hay t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p th\u1ea7n linh g\u1edfi g\u1eafm ngay trong v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu l\u1ea1c lo\u00e0i m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng s\u00e2u xa I. NG\u01af\u1edcI V\u00c0 TH\u1ea6N CHI\u00caM TH\u00c0NH TR\u00caN \u0110\u1ea4T \u0110\u1ea0I VI\u1ec6T L\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i kh\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng tr\u1eadn chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t Ch\u00e0m v\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng c\u01b0\u01a1ng gi\u1edbi v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda Nam. Cho \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XIV th\u00ec c\u01b0\u01a1ng gi\u1edbi \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u00eda nam \u0111\u00e8o H\u1ea3i V\u00e2n m\u00e0 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n Ch\u1ebf M\u00e2n l\u1ea5y ch\u00e2u \u00d4, ch\u00e2u R\u00ed l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea5t d\u1eabn c\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ch\u00f9a Huy\u1ec1n Tr\u00e2n (1306) ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1edb h\u1ee3p th\u1ee9c h\u00f3a s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n nh\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eeb th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf trong khi nh\u00e0 Tr\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i lo t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ed3ng minh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u00f2ng m\u1ed1i x\u00e2n l\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb ph\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u1eafc, sau m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian t\u1ea1m l\u1eafng l\u1ea1i tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1313. S\u1ef1 tr\u1ed7i d\u1eady ng\u1eafn ng\u1ee7i c\u1ee7a Ch\u1ebf B\u1ed3ng Nga (+1371) v\u00e0 th\u1eddi k\u00ec thu\u1ed9c Minh (1407- 1427) ng\u0103n b\u01b0\u1edbc Nam ti\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9i qu\u00e2n \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t cho \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u00e2n chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a l\u00ea Th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ng n\u0103m 1471 \u0111\u00e1ng qu\u1ecb h\u1eb3n m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ecdp v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c h\u00f9ng c\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1ea5t trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 Nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, l\u1edbp ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e2u d\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00ean l\u1edbp ng\u01b0\u1eddi chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t vi\u1ec7c nh\u00e0 L\u00ed, Tr\u1ea7n th\u1edd th\u1ea7n Thi\u00ean Y v\u1edbi \u00fd th\u1ee9c chi\u1ebfm \u0111o\u1ea1t th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a k\u1ebb b\u1ea1i tr\u1eadn r\u1ed3i l\u00e2u d\u1ea7n t\u0103ng n\u1ed7i e s\u1ee3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u201cc\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh\u201d. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i tr\u00ean v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t c\u0103n b\u1ea3n Ch\u00e0m \u1edf ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Nam m\u00e0 ngay tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng th\u00e2n ph\u1eadn t\u00f9 binh, n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 m\u1ecfng manh d\u01b0\u1edbi uy quy\u1ec1n s\u1ea5m s\u00e9t c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng nh\u01b0 minh ch\u1ee9ng trong v\u1ee5 t\u00e0n s\u00e1t 1509 t\u1eeb ngo\u00e0i d\u00e2n ( th\u00e1ng 5 al) \u0111\u1ebfn b\u00ean trong cung \u0111\u00ecnh (th\u00e1ng 11) Nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb th\u1ea5t tr\u1eadn, k\u00e9m may m\u1eafn mang tinh hoa d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c m\u00ecnh ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng nh\u01b0 trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u201c\u0111\u1ed1c c\u00f4ng\u201d v\u00f4 danh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng th\u00e1p b\u00e1o Thi\u00ean cho L\u00ed Th\u00e0nh T\u00f4ng (2), nh\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edbng B\u1ed1 \u0110\u00f4ng gi\u1eef th\u00e0nh \u0110a Bang cho H\u1ed3 Qu\u00ed Ly(1396). Nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn, v\u1edbi vai tr\u00f2 n\u00f4 l\u1ec7, h\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thi th\u1ed1 t\u00e0i n\u0103ng trong h\u00e0ng ng\u0169 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ed5i d\u1eady: Phan[Phi\u00ean] Ma L\u00f4i v\u1edbi Nguy\u1ec5n N\u1ed9n(1229),","Phan[Phi\u00ean] \u1ea4t v\u1edbi Tr\u1ea7n C\u1ea3o(1516); Ch\u1ebf M\u1ea1n t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh n\u1ed5i d\u1eady kho\u1ea3ng v\u00e0i n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XVI c\u00f3 l\u1ebd v\u00ec nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p k\u00ec th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3, r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u1ee5c Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Lang(1509) tham gia v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ea3o tri\u1ec1u L\u00ea Kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e1m t\u00f9 b\u00ecnh s\u1ed1ng gi\u1eefa \u0111\u00e1m ng\u01b0\u1eddi chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng b\u00ecnh d\u00e2n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. V\u00e0 s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u00edt. Sau chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng 1054, c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 5000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a \u1edf r\u1ea3i r\u00e1c t\u1eeb Ngh\u1ec7 An \u0111\u1ebfn trung, th\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u01b0u s\u00f4ng H\u1ed3ng, trong c\u00e1c \u201cth\u00f4n, \u1ea5p \u0111\u1eb7t ph\u1ecfng theo t\u00ean g\u1ecdi c\u0169 c\u1ee7a Ch\u00e0m\u201d. M\u01b0\u1eddi l\u0103m n\u0103m sau l\u1ea1i th\u00eam m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00f9 binh \u0111\u00f4ng g\u1ea5p m\u01b0\u1eddi, kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 n\u01a1i an tr\u00ed. Nh\u01b0ng d\u00f9 sao c\u0169ng c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng c\u1edb l\u00e0 h\u1ecd ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i n\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ecd tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t l\u01b0u \u0111\u00e0y, h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn c\u1ea3 danh t\u01b0\u1edbng Tr\u1ea7n Nh\u1eadt Du\u1eadt (1261-1330). Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u00fat t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u00ec l\u00e0m sao B\u1ed1 \u0110\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 huy qu\u00e2n H\u1ed3 b\u00f4n c\u1ee7a H\u1ed3 Qu\u00ed Ly sau khi b\u1ecb b\u1eaft (th\u00e1ng 8al-1394) v\u00e0 c\u00f9ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng ng\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh \u0110a Bang(1406)? V\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 h\u1eb3n c\u0169ng l\u00e0m d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng cho nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n d\u1ecb ch\u1ee7ng. C\u00f3 v\u1ebb nh\u01b0, ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XV, th\u1eddi k\u00ec Nho gi\u00e1o \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00f4n, \u00fd th\u1ee9c k\u00ec th\u1ecb c\u1ee7a nho s\u0129 t\u0103ng m\u1ea1nh ni\u1ec1m ki\u00eau h\u00e3nh c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng n\u00ean m\u1edbi c\u00f3 l\u1ecbnh c\u1ea5m n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfng Ch\u00e0m (1474) v\u00e0i n\u0103m sau khi h\u1ecd b\u1ecb an tr\u00ed, v\u00e0 l\u1ec7nh c\u1ea5m th\u00e2n v\u01b0\u01a1ng, d\u00e2n ch\u00fang kh\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5y ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef Ch\u00e0m(1499-29 n\u0103m sau khi b\u1ea1i vong!). Tuy nhi\u00ean, ch\u00ednh qua c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p k\u00ec th\u1ecb c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 L\u00ea m\u00e0 ta tho\u00e1ng th\u1ea5y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n Ch\u00e0m lan ra chung quanh g\u00e2y m\u1ed1i lo s\u1ee3 cho ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n L\u1edbp t\u00f9 binh Ch\u00e0m b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i th\u00e0nh Th\u0103ng Long \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1eafng c\u1ea5p n\u00ean l\u1ec7nh c\u1ea5m n\u0103m 1499 m\u1edbi bao g\u1ed3m t\u1eeb tr\u00ean xu\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi, v\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c h\u00f4n ph\u1ed1i \u1ea5y hi\u1ec7n r\u00f5 trong c\u00e2u (c\u1ea5m): \u201c\u0111\u1ec3 cho phong t\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu\u1ea7n h\u1eadu\u201d. L\u1ec7nh t\u00e0n s\u00e1t n\u0103m 1509 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1m t\u00f9 binh 40 n\u0103m v\u1ec1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng hay v\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1m con ch\u00e1u h\u1ecd th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc k\u00e8m v\u1edbi chuy\u1ec7n:\u201dc\u1ea5m c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1p thu\u1eadt, l\u00e0m ph\u00f9 ch\u00fa, \u0111\u1ea1o s\u0129\u2026ph\u1ea3i c\u1eaft t\u00f3c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00e0i\u2026ph\u1ed1 x\u00e1 h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee3 nh\u00e0 n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1edd ti\u00ean s\u01b0 ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea5t gi\u1ea5u \u0111i\u201d. L\u00ea Uy M\u1ee5c v\u00ec l\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t th\u00e2n con c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e8n k\u00e9m, ph\u1ea3i thanh to\u00e1n \u0111\u00e1m c\u00f4ng th\u1ea5t t\u00f4n th\u1ea7n ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i , t\u1ef1 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p lu\u00f4n \u0111\u00e1m ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u01b0\u1ee3n ti\u1ebfng th\u1ea7n linh ph\u00f9 tr\u1ee3 phe ngh\u1ecbch, nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ch\u1ed1ng con ch\u00e1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ch\u00e0m t\u00f9 binh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng g\u00e2y r\u1ed1i khi mang h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh h\u00f2a v\u1edbi t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi Ng\u00e0y nay, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f2n bi\u1ebft \u1edf v\u00f9ng T\u00e2y H\u1ed3 c\u00f3 b\u1ebfn, c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed3ng L\u00e2m \u1ea4p thu\u1ed9c x\u00e3 Xu\u00e2n \u0110\u1ec9nh l\u00e0 n\u01a1i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ch\u00e0m \u1edf, c\u00f2n truy\u1ec1n l\u1ea1i chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef t\u00f9 binh v\u1edbi 24 n\u1eef t\u00ec l\u1eadp trang Thi\u00ean Ni\u00ean, ch\u1ebft \u0111i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n l\u00e0m B\u00e0 Ch\u00faa Di\u1ec7t L\u0129nh v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1edd \u1edf \u0111\u1ec1n Thi\u00ean Ni\u00ean (3) ( T\u01b0\u01a1ng truy\u1ec1n l\u00e0 th\u1ee9 phi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00e0m c\u1ee7a vua L\u00ea Th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ng. Xem chi ti\u1ebft: http:\/\/vietbao.vn\/Kham-pha-Viet-Nam\/Lang-co-det-linh-Trich-Sai\/80107489\/151\/ http:\/\/www.phahe.vn\/Temple_View.aspx?ContentID=5089 -Yahoo ) Nh\u01b0ng chi ti\u1ebft r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 th\u1ea7n linh Ch\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecd mang theo th\u1edd c\u00fang tr\u00ean kinh \u0111\u00f4 n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u201cch\u00f9a\u201d B\u00e0 \u0110anh, t\u00ean ng\u00e0y nay l\u00e0 ch\u00f9a B\u00e0 \u0110\u00e1 Bia 1699 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i sau l\u1ea7n ph\u00e1 d\u1ee1 1907 ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5 t\u00ean n\u00f4m c\u1ee7a ch\u00f9a l\u00e0 B\u00e0 \u0110anh T\u1ef1, c\u00f2n t\u00ean H\u00e1n Vi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 Ch\u00e2u L\u00e2m T\u1ef1, gi\u1ed1ng t\u00ean Vi\u1ec7n Ch\u00e2u L\u00e2m c\u1ee7a L\u00ea Th\u00e1nh T\u00f4n dung l\u00e0m n\u01a1i ki\u1ec3m tra t\u00f9 binh c\u00f9ng th\u00e2n thu\u1ed9c h\u1ecd (th\u00e1ng 9al, 1471). Trong vi\u1ec7c gi\u1eef g\u00ecn truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, gi\u1edbi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef v\u1eabn c\u00f3 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 t\u1eeb b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t cho n\u00ean v\u1edbi t\u00ean ch\u00f9a \u0111i \u0111\u00f4i v\u1edbi t\u00ean vi\u1ec7n, ta ng\u1ee1 r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e2y la n\u01a1i d\u00e0nh cho n\u1eef t\u00f9 binh Ch\u00e0m (nh\u01b0 cung Ng\u00e2n H\u00e1n c\u1ee7a L\u00ed Th\u00e1i T\u00f4ng l\u1eadp n\u0103m 1046) \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t l\u1ed1i th\u1edd c\u00fang ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Cu\u1ed1i th\u1ec3 k\u1ec9 th\u1ee9 XVIII, \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XIX, ch\u00f9a \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh hoang ph\u1ebf nh\u01b0 l\u1eddi x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n Huy L\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong b\u00e0i ph\u00fa t\u1ee5ng T\u00e2y H\u1ed3(1801). Ch\u00f9a c\u00f3 t\u00ean b\u00ecnh d\u00e2n kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 ch\u00f9a B\u00e0 Banh v\u00e0 c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n kho\u1ea3ng 1720-1729 trong gia ph\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n Qu\u1ef3nh ( Tr\u1ea1ng Qu\u1ef3nh) v\u1edbi c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n b\u00e0i th\u01a1 gh\u1eb9o Th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u201ctr\u1ea1ng\u201d n\u00e0y(4). Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n bi\u1ec7n minh v\u1ec1 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3, ch\u1ec9 nh\u00ecn ri\u00eang qua b\u00e0i th\u01a1 l\u1eddi t\u1ee5c \u1ea9n gi\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e3i t\u1eadn th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XVIII v\u1ec1 chi ti\u1ebft m\u1ed9t t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ea7n Ch\u00e0m:","Khen ai \u0111\u1ebdo \u0111\u00e1\u2026 Tr\u00ean c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ebfm \u0111eo d\u0103m chu\u1ed7i h\u1ea1t \u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026. C\u00f3 ng\u1ee9a g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y nhi\u1ec1u g\u1ed1c d\u1ee9a Ph\u00f4 phang chi \u0110\u00e2y r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u201cch\u00f9a\u201d th\u1edd Po Yan Dari, sau n\u00e0y Vi\u1ec7t h\u00f3a ngay tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t Ch\u00e0m c\u0169 l\u00e0 \u0110\u0129 \u0110\u00e0ng, L\u1ed7 L\u01b0\u1eddng (Kh\u00e1nh H\u00f2a, xem sau). Th\u1ea7n ban ph\u00fac cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7u kh\u1ea5n khi c\u1ea7m g\u1eady th\u1ecdc v\u00e0o b\u1ed9 h\u1ea1 c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7n. T\u00ean B\u00e0 Banh l\u00e0 \u00fd \u201cph\u00f4 phang\u201d \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f2n t\u00ean B\u00e0 \u0110anh l\u00e0 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 c\u00e2y g\u1eady (h\u1eb3n b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e1 \u1edf ch\u00f9a n\u00e0y). X\u00e9t c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ebfn b\u00e2y gi\u1edd, ta ph\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfc l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t \u0111i pho t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y. Ch\u1ee9ng d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a Ph\u1ea1m \u0110\u00ednh H\u1ed5 (th\u01b0\u1eddng k\u1ec3 nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ec7n n\u1eeda sau th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XVIII) cho ta x\u00e1c quy\u1ebft th\u00eam nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u suy \u0111o\u00e1n tr\u00ean. \u00d4ng d\u1eabn ra hai \u201cMi\u1ebfu b\u00e0 Ch\u00faa Ng\u1ef1a\u201d c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t b\u00e0 \u201cc\u1ef1c d\u00e2m\u2026ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00fang th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ea5y l\u00f5i m\u00edt l\u00e0m d\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00fang\u201d. Po Yan Dari trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Vi\u1ec7t h\u00f3a, b\u00ecnh d\u00e2n th\u00eam m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc n\u1eefa v\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u1ec3 cho bi\u1ebft quan nha ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng ng\u1ef1a m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee7 th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n b\u00e0(5), ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi l\u1eddi m\u1eafng m\u1ecf \u201ccon \u0111\u0129 ng\u1ef1a\u201d c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n gian Tuy nhi\u00ean ri\u00eang t\u00ean ch\u00f9a \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi t\u00ean B\u00e0 \u0110anh kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u1edf Th\u0103ng Long. C\u00f2n l\u1ea1i t\u1ea5m bia(1562) s\u1eeda sang \u201cB\u00e0 \u0110anh T\u1ef1\u201d t\u00ean ch\u1eef l\u00e0 ch\u00f9a Thi\u00ean Ph\u00fac \u1edf x\u00e3 Tr\u00e0 Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u2013 Ki\u1ebfn An, do 25 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ed9c M\u1ea1c g\u00f3p ti\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a ru\u1ed9ng n\u01b0\u01a1ng, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 Th\u00e1i ho\u00e0ng, Th\u00e1i h\u1eadu c\u00fang t\u1eeb 1542, hai m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc. M\u1ed9t ch\u00f9a B\u00e0 \u0110anh n\u1eefa c\u00f3 t\u00ean B\u1ea3o S\u01a1n T\u1ef1 \u1edf x\u00e3 \u0110inh X\u00e1 \u2013 Nam H\u00e0, th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp (?) kho\u1ea3ng 1677 \u2013 1680. V\u00ec s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00ean n\u00e0y m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ng\u1edd r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c t\u00ean ch\u00f9a B\u00e0 \u1ea2 (bia 1620), Nh\u00e0 N\u00e0ng bia(1622) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u00f9a Thi\u00ean Ph\u00fac kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng l\u00e0 g\u1ed1c B\u00e0 Banh\/B\u00e0 \u0110anh(6). T\u00ednh theo th\u1eddi gian xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n qua ph\u1ecfng \u0111o\u00e1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00ec d\u1ec5 suy ra r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u00f9a B\u00e0 \u0110anh \u1edf Th\u0103ng Long \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u00f9a kia, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 hai n\u01a1i th\u1edd c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 B\u00e0 Ch\u00faa Ng\u1ef1a. Tuy nhi\u00ean x\u00e9t v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u00e1c n\u01a1i th\u1edd Po Yan Dari c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i \u1edf ph\u00eda nam th\u00ec th\u1ea5y t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh c\u00f3 v\u1ebb ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n: B\u00e0 \u0110anh \u1edf Th\u0103ng Long v\u00e0 g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb c\u00e1c t\u00f9 binh, cung phi Ch\u00e0m, nh\u01b0ng B\u00e0 \u0110anh \u1edf ph\u00eda bi\u1ec3n (Ki\u1ebfn An Nam H\u00e0) l\u00e0 n\u1eb1m trong truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0a l\u1ea1i Ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1ea1c, m\u00f9a Ch\u00e0m t\u1eeb th\u1eddi L\u00ed. Nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec1n B\u00e0 \u0110anh hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n \u1edf Th\u0103ng Long h\u1eb3n c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng ngay trong d\u00e2n ch\u00fang. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ng\u1edd m\u1ed9t chi ti\u1ebft n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 trong nghi l\u1ec5 m\u00faa bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n cho th\u1ea7n Dari \u0111\u00e3 ra ngo\u00e0i khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec1n, Vi\u1ec7t h\u00f3a ni\u1ec1u h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn trong l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec1n \u0110\u1ed3ng Nh\u00e2n (Hai B\u00e0) v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7u m\u00faa con \u0111\u0129 \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ed3ng . Th\u1eddi th\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i. T\u1ee5c th\u1edd n\u00f5 n\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f2n ch\u1ed1n \u1ea9n n\u1ea5p \u1edf th\u00f4n qu\u00ea d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng h\u00e8m nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ee5c l\u1ec7 k\u00ec qu\u00e1i kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng, nh\u01b0ng gi\u1eefa kinh \u0111\u00f4, \u0111\u00e1m nho s\u0129 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n b\u00e0i th\u01a1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a Tr\u1ea1ng Qu\u1ef3nh l\u00e0m th\u1ea7n m\u1ea5t thi\u00eang, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 l\u1ecbnh c\u1ea5m th\u1edd B\u00e0 c\u1ee7a Minh M\u1ea1ng (l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t cao \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u1eefa c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1eadp trung qu\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n theo chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c Nho Gi\u00e1o) cho ta th\u1ea5y ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t l\u1ed1i th\u1edd c\u00fang xa l\u1ea1 v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n. B\u00e0 Banh \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 h\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 n\u1ea5p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sau m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i ch\u00f9a th\u00ec m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb Ph\u1eadt M\u1eabu nh\u01b0 Quan \u00c2m c\u00f2n c\u00f3 d\u1ea5u hung th\u1ecbnh hon v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XVI v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i m\u1edbi \u2013 hai m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m sau l\u00fac con ch\u00e1u B\u00e0 Banh b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p \u2013 v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ea7n linh bi\u1ec3n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ee9c bao che cho nh\u1eefng n\u1eef th\u1ea7n l\u1ea5n \u00e1t h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a Long V\u01b0\u01a1ng. S\u1ef1 mien t\u1ee5c \u0111\u00f3 khi\u1ebfn cho c\u00e1c n\u1eef th\u1ea7n thay h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 mang nh\u1eefng t\u00ean m\u1edbi trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1edbi: h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec1n ph\u1ee7. T\u1eeb ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Nam nh\u00e2n d\u1ecbp c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n Vi\u1ec7t tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t Ch\u00e0m c\u0169, th\u1ea7n Thi\u00ean Y A Na l\u1ea1i \u0111i ra mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc \u2013 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3n, theo nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n d\u1ec5 v\u01b0\u1ee3t kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n. Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee3t \u00e9p u\u1ed5ng c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XI, l\u1ea7n n\u00e0y th\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e3 Vi\u1ec7t h\u00f3a v\u00e0 Tam Gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t n\u1eef th\u1ea7n Vi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 uy th\u1ebf: th\u1ea7n Li\u1ec5u H\u1ea1nh Ch\u00fa th\u00edch: (1) L\u00ea Qu\u00ed \u0110\u00f4n, Ki\u1ebfn V\u0103n Ti\u1ec3u L\u1ee5c. t.II, tr.327 (2) L\u00ea T\u1eafc, s\u0111d, tr.41-42","(3) Giang Qu\u00e2n \u2013 Phan T\u1ea5t Li\u00eam. D\u1ea5u t\u00edch kinh th\u00e0nh, tr.39-40. Chuy\u1ec7n ch\u00f9a B\u00e0 Banh, tr.45-46; \u0111i\u1ec7u m\u00faa con \u0111\u0129 \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ed3ng tr.140 (4) Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u1ee9c Hi\u1ec1n, Truy\u1ec7n Tr\u1ea1ng Qu\u1ef3nh, (H\u1ea3i Ph\u00f2ng in l\u1ea7n 2, 1986), tr.79-80, ch\u00fa 1, tr.149 n\u01a1i b\u00e0i \u201c Tr\u1ea1ng Qu\u1ef3nh, qua gia ph\u1ea3 h\u1ecd Nguy\u1ec5n \u1edf Thanh H\u00f3a\u201d (5) Ph\u1ea1m \u0110\u00ecnh H\u1ed5, V\u0169 Trung T\u00f9y B\u00fat, (Sedestasie 1983, in l\u1ea1i b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i 1973). Tr.148- 149 (6) Nguy\u1ec5n Quang H\u1ed3ng ch\u1ee7 bi\u00ean, V\u0103n kh\u00fac H\u00e1n N\u00f4m Vi\u1ec7t nam (H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 1993), tr.248,332, tr.474 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e1nh s\u1ed1 871 \u201cTu t\u1ea1o B\u00e0 \u0110anh T\u1ef1 chi bi\u201d (1562). V\u1ec1 ch\u00f9a B\u00e0 \u0110anh B\u1ea3o S\u01a1n ch\u00fang t\u00f4i th\u1ea5y nh\u1eafc b\u00ean l\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t lu\u1eadn c\u1ee9 trong Th\u01a1 V\u0103n L\u00ed Tr\u1ea7n, t.I,tr152 II. H\u1ec6 TH\u1ed0NG TH\u1ea6N LINH BI\u1ec2N Ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eb7p v\u00e0 b\u00e0n x\u00e9t v\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ea7n linh \u1edf c\u1eeda s\u00f4ng l\u1edbn, \u1edf v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111anh th\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh (th\u1ea7n H\u1ed1ng H\u00e1t tr\u00ean s\u00f4ng L\u1ee5c \u0110\u1ea7u, th\u1ea7n Tri\u1ec7u Quang Ph\u1ee5c tr\u00ean c\u1eeda \u0110\u1ea1i \u00c1c). S\u1ef1 tin t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00f3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ecdp v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n c\u01b0 d\u00e2n khai th\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng \u0111ang l\u1ea5n d\u1ea7n ra bi\u1ec3n. Nh\u01b0ng \u00fd th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd b\u00e1m v\u00edu trong \u0111\u1ea7u \u00f3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n d\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn cho c\u00e1c th\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3 t\u1eeb c\u1eeda bi\u1ec3n, s\u00f4ng l\u1edbn l\u1ea1i chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0o n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba. Tuy nhi\u00ean t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 th\u1ee9 XI tr\u1edf \u0111i, s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta l\u01b0u \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn bi\u1ec3n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3, n\u1ed1i d\u00e0i v\u00f3i \u0111\u1ea5t, m\u1ed9t kh\u00f4ng gian sinh t\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c nh\u1ecf nhoi m\u1edbi n\u1ed5i. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, ta b\u1eaft g\u1eb7p m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ea7n bi\u1ec3n th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u00f4 v\u1ebd c\u1ee7a t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp nho s\u0129 c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng che l\u1ea5p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh ri\u00eang tromng s\u1ef1 th\u1edd c\u00fang c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ed1i v\u00f3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3o tr\u1ee3 m\u00ecnh gi\u1eefa song n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00eanh m\u00f4ng L\u00ed Th\u00e1i T\u1ed5 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn s\u00f3ng d\u1eef c\u1eeda Bi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m 1012 khi \u0111i \u0111\u00e1nh Ch\u00e2u Di\u1ec5n. L\u00fd Th\u00e1i T\u00f4ng v\u00e0 Th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3n trong c\u00e1c chuy\u1ebfn nam chinh 1044-1069. Tuy nhi\u00ean s\u1ef1 h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a ng\u1ecdc trai v\u00f9ng H\u1ea3i Ninh ng\u00e0y nay \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn cho t\u1eeb 1033, nh\u00e0 c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n Th\u0103ng Long bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 th\u00f2 c\u00fang c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n bi\u1ec3n m\u00f2 ng\u1ecdc trai, m\u1ecf \u0111\u1ea7u cho t\u00ean Ch\u00faa Ng\u1ecdc li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1ec1 sau v\u00f3i Thi\u00ean Y Giao th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda m\u1eb7t bi\u1ec3n, c\u00e1c h\u1ea3i c\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 V\u00e2n \u0110\u1ed3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u d\u1ea5u ph\u1ed3n th\u1ecbnh nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec1n mi\u1ebfu n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc t\u1edbi. C\u00f3 v\u1ebb \u0111\u00e1m d\u00e2n t\u1ea1p ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ee9 x\u1ee9 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, trong t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng h\u1ed7n c\u01b0 tuy ch\u1eafc c\u0169ng c\u00f3 quan ni\u1ec7m t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u1ec1 bi\u1ec3n cho ri\u00eang m\u00ecnh, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 m\u00fac \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1eadp trung \u0111\u1ec3 suy t\u00f4n m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0o. Trong l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3, V\u0110ULT ghi l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ecdp th\u1ea7n linh bi\u1ec3n \u1edf m\u00e3i t\u1eadn bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi ph\u00eda Nam c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t v\u00f3i danh x\u01b0ng v\u00e0 truy\u1ec7n t\u00edch chi ta th\u1ea5y \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 th\u1ea7n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng th\u1edd c\u00fang d\u1ecdc bi\u1ec3n tr\u00e0n xu\u1ed1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Nam theo ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t nh\u01b0ng n\u1ed9i dung \u1ea9n n\u00e1u c\u1ee7a c\u1ed1t th\u1ea7n th\u00ec ph\u00fac t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u \u0110\u1ec1n c\u1eeda C\u1eddn (\u201cC\u00e0n h\u1ea3i m\u00f4n t\u1eeb\u201d) th\u1edd v\u1ecb \u201cphu nh\u00e2n c\u00f4ng ch\u00faa nh\u00e0 Nam T\u1ed1ng\u201d v\u00ec n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ea5t nh\u00e0 tan tr\u00f4i d\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Nam, g\u00e2y n\u00ean m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u00ecnh oan tr\u00e1i, v\u00f4 t\u00ecnh h\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00ean ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 t\u1eed c\u00f9ng m\u1eb9 v\u00e0 ch\u1ecb. L\u1edbp v\u1ecf b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7n l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n h\u01a1n 10 v\u1ea1n x\u00e1c qu\u00e2n t\u01b0\u1edbng tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh Nam T\u1ed1ng thua qu\u00e2n Nguy\u00ean (1279), ch\u1ebft n\u1ed5i tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0 To\u00e0n th\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 ghi. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf vi\u1ec7c th\u1edd th\u1ea7n theo d\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea7n t\u01b0 cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XIII. Kh\u00f4ng lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb \u0111\u1ec1n l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e1m di th\u1ea7n nh\u00e0 T\u1ed1ng ch\u1ea1y qua \u0111\u1ea5t Vi\u1ec7t s\u1ebd g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ed1ng qu\u00e2n Nguy\u00ean v\u00e0i n\u0103m sau. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1n l\u1eadp tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1edd c\u00fang \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00ec n\u1ed9i dung truy\u1ec7n t\u00edch \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n g\u1ee3i l\u00f2ng trung qu\u00e2n \u00e1i qu\u1ed1c l\u1ea1i chuy\u1ec3n qua th\u1edd c\u00fang m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0. Truy\u1ec7n t\u00edch n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn 3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 li\u00ean can, l\u1ea1i ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh \u201cPhu nh\u00e2n\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n vinh, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed9c nh\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 Tr\u1ea7n Anh T\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 n\u1eb1m m\u01a1 th\u1ea5y trong chuy\u1ebfn Nam chinh 1312 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u201cc\u1ed1 l\u00e3o\u201d trong v\u00f9ng x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn. R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea5y l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec7n th\u1edd c\u00fang th\u1ea5n bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 n\u1ea5p sau m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n trung trinh, thu\u1ea7n l\u00ed b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a m\u1ea5t d\u1ea5u \u0111e d\u1ecda b\u00ean trong: Th\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e3 l\u00f4i cu\u1ed1n quy\u1ebfn r\u0169 l\u00e0m ch\u1ebft c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t \u00f4ng s\u01b0 \u0111\u1ee9c h\u1ea1nh","T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng th\u00eam khi ta th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft th\u1edd c\u00e1 voi c\u1ee7a n\u01a1i n\u00e0y. Mi\u1ebfu th\u1edd ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2 th\u1ee7y th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a Chu V\u0103n An \u1edf \u0111\u1ea7m S\u00e9t (Thanh Tr\u00ec \u2013 H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i) c\u00f3 t\u00ean n\u00f4m l\u00e0 G\u00e0n, v\u00e0 t\u00ean ch\u1eef l\u00e0 X\u00e1 C\u00e0n T\u1eeb, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1eeb g\u1ed1c M\u00e3 Lai sakan: c\u00e1 voi(7). V\u00e0 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a V\u0110ULT l\u1ea1i cho ta th\u1ea5y d\u1ea1ng c\u00e1 voi trong h\u00e0nh tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a \u201cPhu nh\u00e2n\u201d. C\u1ea3nh \u201cthuy\u1ec1n \u0111i bi\u1ec3n g\u1eb7p s\u00f3ng to gi\u00f3 l\u1edbn, n\u1ebfu van v\u00e1i v\u1edbi Phu Nh\u00e2n th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00ecnh y\u00ean v\u00f4 s\u1ef1\u201d l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n ch\u00e0i ph\u00eda Nam ng\u00e0y nay th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5y v\u00e0 c\u1ea7u kh\u1ea5n c\u00e1 \u00d4ng (C\u00e1 Voi) \u2013 v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi di t\u1ea3n b\u00e2y gi\u1edd c\u0169ng c\u00f2n loan truy\u1ec1n v\u1edbi nhau. \u201cB\u00e0\u201d v\u00e0 c\u00e1 \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t trong t\u00e2m tr\u00ed ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n ch\u00e0i mi\u1ec1n bi\u1ec3n, nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf d\u1ec5 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n trong vi\u1ec7c th\u1edd c\u00fang \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u00e0i cu\u1ed9c d\u00f9ng chung m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i t\u00ean c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u1ec9 ph\u1ea7n tin t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00f3 s\u1eb3n, v\u00e0 th\u00eam ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0o Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Hi\u1ec1n\/Ch\u1ea5t (th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XV) l\u00e0m ph\u1ea7n T\u1ee5c b\u1ed5 cho V\u0110ULT d\u1ec5 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh trung trinh c\u1ee7a c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n trong l\u00fac D\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u0103n An g\u1ea7n g\u1ee7i v\u1edbi khu v\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a Th\u1ea7n, \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eeda ch\u1eeda, t\u1eadp th\u00e0nh s\u00e1ch \u00d4 Ch\u00e2u c\u1eadn l\u1ee5c (1555) c\u1ee7a hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, l\u1ea1i cho ta bi\u1ebft th\u00eam m\u1ed9t truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft kh\u00e1c v\u1ec1 Th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch th\u1edd c\u00fang r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00e2ng cho m\u1ed9t th\u1ea7n theo quan ni\u1ec7m Nho gi\u00e1o(8) Tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t Vi\u1ec7t t\u1eeb l\u00e2u th\u00ec th\u1ea7n (n\u1eef) ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 v\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a Vua H\u00f9ng XIII(?), cho h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft H\u00f9ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e3 v\u00e0o ch\u00ednh s\u1eed g\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 sau Ng\u00f4 S\u0129 Li\u00ean. C\u00f3 chuy\u1ec7n tranh ng\u00f4i b\u00e1u k\u1ebf v\u1ecb g\u00e2y ra \u00e2m m\u01b0u c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 phi sai c\u1eaft b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn sinh d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb ho\u00e0ng t\u1eed nh\u1ecf khi\u1ebfn cho b\u00e0 ho\u00e0ng h\u1eadu ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu l\u01b0u \u0111\u00e0y, ch\u1ebft gi\u1eefa bi\u1ec3n \u2013 nh\u01b0 bao c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n th\u00e2m cung b\u00ed s\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng \u1edf n\u1ed9i cung. Tuy nhi\u00ean, Th\u1ea7n l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn l\u00e0: \u201cm\u1ed9t v\u1ecb ph\u00fac th\u1ea7n r\u1ea5t linh thi\u00eang \u1edf bi\u1ec3n Nam; Th\u1ea7n b\u00e1o m\u1ed9ng cho d\u00e2n \u0111\u00e1nh c\u00e1 th\u1edd c\u00fang n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 \u201cth\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc Nam\u201d \u2013 gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 \u201cn\u01b0\u1edbc Nam\u201d c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7n Thi\u00ean Y H\u1eadu Th\u1ed5, v\u00e0 n\u1ed5i l\u00ean b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn sinh d\u1ee5c ch\u1eb3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u201cthanh tao\u201d ch\u00fat n\u00e0o Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 v\u1ec1 chi ti\u1ebft \u201ct\u1ee5c m\u00faa hoa \u0111\u1ecf\u201d (\u201cv\u0169 h\u1ed3ng hoa\u201d) m\u00e0 d\u00e2n \u0111\u00e1nh c\u00e1 h\u1eb1ng n\u0103m t\u1ebf th\u1ea7n, nh\u01b0ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u0103n An tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u00e9p chuy\u1ec7n th\u1ea7n c\u1eeda C\u1eddn h\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 \u1edf V\u0110ULT v\u00e0 th\u00eam chi ti\u1ebft Th\u1ea7n l\u00e0 con g\u00e1i \u00fat trong nh\u00f3m n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n 4 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 Tri\u1ec7u T\u1ed1ng. Th\u1ebf l\u00e0 th\u1ea7n c\u1eeda C\u1eddn t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XIV \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XVI \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng th\u00eam m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi, th\u00e0nh \u201cT\u1ee9 V\u1ecb Th\u00e1nh N\u01b0\u01a1ng\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u201ch\u1ebft th\u1ea3y c\u1eeda bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec1u l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd c\u00fang\u201d. N\u00f3i \u201ct\u0103ng th\u00eam m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u201d l\u00e0 x\u00e9t theo h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u1eddi gian xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u, nh\u01b0ng x\u00e9t v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t n\u1ed9i dung b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea7n th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i th\u1ea5y ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea7n bi\u1ec3n b\u00ean trong truy\u1ec7n th\u1ea7n c\u1eeda C\u1eddn (nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi) sau khi \u0111\u00e3 nho h\u00f3a, \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac n\u00e0y v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi r\u00f5 ra l\u00e0m \u0111\u1eadm th\u00eam t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t Ch\u00e0m \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n trong truy\u1ec7n t\u00edch. C\u00e1ch th\u1edd th\u1ea7n m\u00e0 D\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u0103n An ch\u00ea tr\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea5y v\u1ebb gi\u1eadn d\u1eef, x\u1ea5u h\u1ed5 cho ta bi\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3: \u201cC\u1ef1c t\u1ee5c, th\u1ed5 nh\u00e2n b\u1ea5t tri d\u0129 d\u00e2m v\u1eadt s\u1ef1 th\u1ea7n\u201d, \u201cD\u0129 d\u00e2m v\u1eadt s\u1ef1 th\u1ea7n\u201d, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u ngay l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u1edd c\u00e1i Linga. V\u00e0 c\u0103n c\u1ee9 theo c\u00e1ch th\u1edd c\u00fang c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0o th\u1eddi g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u th\u00eam chi ti\u1ebft l\u1ea5y c\u00e2y g\u1eady g\u1ed7\/ \u0111\u00e1 ch\u1ecdc v\u00e0o l\u1ed7 - l\u01b0\u1eddng. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf c\u00e0ng c\u00f3 th\u00eam b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng l\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd B\u00e0 Banh g\u1ea7n bi\u1ec3n trong ch\u00e2u th\u1ed5 s\u00f4ng H\u1ed3ng kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i g\u1ed1c g\u00e1c t\u1eeb c\u00e1c t\u00f9 binh Ch\u00e0m Theo v\u1edbi \u0111\u00e0 nh\u00e2n h\u00f3a th\u1ea7n trong sinh ho\u1ea1t l\u00e2u d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ch\u00e0m, th\u1ea7n bi\u1ec3n bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n quy\u1ec1n uy qua c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n oan khu\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ec7nh m\u00e0 sau n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Vi\u1ec7t h\u00f3a ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong chuy\u1ec7n H\u00f2n V\u1ecdng Phu: Hai anh em xung \u0111\u1ed9t, xa c\u00e1ch nhau, g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 l\u1ea1i, l\u1ea5y nhau m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft\u2026 D\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u0103n An k\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t th\u1ea7n v\u1ecdng phu nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, c\u00f3 t\u00ednh Ch\u00e0m nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n l\u00e0 th\u1ea7n Th\u00e1i D\u01b0\u01a1ng(9) v\u00e0 ghi r\u00f5 \u201ct\u1ee5c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ea7n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u01b0\u1edbc Chi\u00eam\u201d ch\u1ebft \u0111i h\u00f3a th\u00e0nh h\u00f2n \u0111\u00e1 qu\u1edf tr\u00e1ch ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e1nh c\u00e1 v\u00f4 t\u00ecnh v\u00f4 t\u00ecnh g\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00ean b\u1ee5ng mang thai c\u1ee7a B\u00e0 v\u00e0 B\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3o tr\u1ee3 m\u00f9a c\u00e1 cho h\u1ed9 thuy\u1ec1n chai, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e2ng m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi con g\u00e1i h\u1eb1ng n\u0103m. Chi ti\u1ebft n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y ghi \u1edf \u0110\u1ea1i Nam nh\u1ea5t th\u1ed1ng ch\u00ed (\u0110NNTC) b\u1edfi v\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay th\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t con b\u00f2 m\u1ed7i k\u00ec t\u1ebf ngay trong \u0111\u1eddi \u00f4ng ngh\u00e8 tri\u1ec1u M\u1ea1c n\u00e0y. Tuy nhi\u00ean c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng th\u00f3i t\u1ee5c tin \u1edf th\u1ea7n bi\u1ec3n c\u00f2n r\u1ea5t s\u00e2u \u0111\u1eadm khi\u1ebfn cho Tr\u1ea7n Du\u1ec7 T\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ebfn t\u1ebf m\u1ed9t cung nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n B\u00edch Ch\u00e2u trong chuy\u1ebfn vi\u1ec5n chinh 1377, v\u00e0 L\u00ea Th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ng g\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 sau v\u1eabn tin v\u00e0o t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng hi\u1ebfn t\u1ebf \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi phong cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1c m\u1ec7nh l\u00e0 Ch\u1ebf Th\u1eafng Phu nh\u00e2n, theo ghi nh\u1eadn c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 \u0110o\u00e0n Th\u1ecb \u0110i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u mu\u1ed9n m\u00e0ng h\u01a1n, \u1edf \u0110NNTC, t\u1ec9nh H\u00e0","T\u0129nh E. Por\u00e9e \u2013 Masp\u00e9ro c\u00f3 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t r\u1eb1ng v\u00ec \u01b0u th\u1ebf n\u1eef n\u00ean c\u00e1c th\u1ea7n th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cB\u00e0\u201d trong khi v\u1eadt t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng cho th\u1ea7n l\u00e0 c\u00e1i Linga, mang nam t\u00ednh(10). S\u1ef1 l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n hay chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a Nam \u2013 N\u1eef n\u1eb1m ngay trong b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7n: Th\u1ea7n Po Sah Ino l\u1ea5y 37 ch\u1ed3ng, sinh 37 con trai, l\u00e0m vua, chuy\u1ec3n gi\u1ed1ng th\u00e0nh vua L\u1eeda, cai tr\u1ecb 12 n\u0103m tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0, l\u1ea5y vua Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u2026(11). V\u00ec th\u1ebf, d\u00f9 qua nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n ch\u00fang, th\u1ea7n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a T\u1ee9 v\u1ecb th\u00e1nh n\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00fang l\u00e0 th\u1ea7n Po Riyak (hay Po Rayak), th\u1ea7n s\u00f3ng bi\u1ec3n m\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XIX ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f2n th\u1ea5y c\u00e1i bum\u00f4ng (\u0111\u1ec1n g\u1ed7 l\u1ee3p ng\u00f3i hay l\u1ee3p tranh) \u1edf m\u0169i \u0111\u1ea5t mang t\u00ean ng\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u00eang c\u1eef : M\u0169i Dinh (12). S\u1ef1 tan r\u00e3 c\u1ee7a t\u1eadp h\u1ecdp Ch\u00e0m khi\u1ebfn cho c\u00e1c th\u1ea7n linh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd pha tr\u1ed9n v\u00e0o nhau tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u00e0i, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1edf ngay nh\u1eefng t\u1eadp nh\u00f3m c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i H\u1eb3n v\u00ec c\u0169ng c\u00f3 d\u1ea1ng nam th\u1ea7n n\u00ean Po Riyak m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eafc vua (Nguy\u1ec5n?) phong l\u00e0 Nam H\u1ea3i Long V\u01b0\u01a1ng. B\u1eb1ng c\u1edb n\u00e0y cho ta \u0111o\u00e1n r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi tr\u00ean B\u00ecnh nam \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1ebd tr\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u1ea7n t\u01b0 c\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XVIII (13) v\u1edbi t\u00ean Long V\u01b0\u01a1ng Mi\u1ebfu l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1ea7n bi\u1ec3n Ch\u00e0m \u2013 Vi\u1ec7t h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec ta kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean v\u00ec c\u00e1i t\u1eeb Vi\u1ec7t H\u00e1n \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 cho r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec1n Vi\u1ec7t. S\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Nho s\u0129 hay tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh Th\u0103ng Long v\u1ec1 t\u1ee5c l\u1ec7 c\u0169a \u201cphi\u00ean d\u00e2n\u201d h\u1eb3n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 s\u00e2u \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ri\u00eang t\u1eebng th\u1ea7n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n, nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd c\u0169ng hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ea7n Ch\u00e0m. V\u00e0 D\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u0103n An ch\u01b0a n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn Long V\u01b0\u01a1ng Mi\u1ebfu m\u00e0 c\u0169ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1ea7n bi\u1ec3n kh\u00e1c. C\u00e1 voi c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ea7n bi\u1ec3n ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Nam nh\u01b0ng h\u1eb3n ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XVI ch\u01b0a nh\u1eadn ra n\u00ean kho\u1ea3ng 1516 -1526, d\u00e2n ch\u00e0i c\u1eeda Vi\u1ec7t c\u00f2n b\u1eaft c\u00e1 m\u1eafc c\u1ea1n l\u00fac th\u1ee7y tri\u1ec1u r\u00fat \u0111i, l\u1ea5y x\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m x\u00e0 n\u00f3c d\u1ef1ng nh\u00e0 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng coi l\u00e0 \u201cng\u1ecdc c\u1ed1t\u201d. Tuy nhi\u00ean, D\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u0103n An c\u00f3 l\u1ebd \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd c\u00e1 voi \u1edf c\u1eeda s\u00f4ng Tam K\u00ec khi \u00f4ng li\u1ec7t k\u00ea m\u1ed9t \u201c \u0111\u1ec1n lo\u00e0i th\u1ee7y t\u1ed9c l\u00e0m th\u1ea7n s\u00f4ng\u201d (14) Th\u1ea7n Po Riyak ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ea7n h\u1ea1ng th\u1ee9 trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ea7n linh Ch\u00e0m (15) th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng khi Vi\u1ec7t h\u00f3a tr\u1edf th\u00e1nh T\u1ee9 V\u1ecb Th\u00e1nh N\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00ec heo \u0111\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u1ea5y m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1edd kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i d\u1ecdc bi\u1ec3n, c\u00e1 bi\u1ec7t tr\u00ean s\u00f4ng (\u1edf B\u00ecnh \u0110\u1ecbnh) v\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u1ea3o tr\u1ee3 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho \u0111\u00e1m d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi k\u00ec ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea3i v\u01b0\u01a1n ra ngo\u00e0i v\u00f9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7n, \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi s\u00f3ng gi\u00f3 ch\u1eadp ch\u00f9ng. H\u1ecd c\u00f2n ch\u1edd thu nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t th\u1ea7n linh t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 trong h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e1m d\u00e2n Trung Hoa \u0111i bi\u1ec3n n\u1eefa \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00eam s\u1eafc th\u00e1i cho m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 ph\u00f9 h\u1ed9 cho d\u00e2n \u0111i bi\u1ec3n m\u00e0 c\u00f2n v\u01b0\u01a1n c\u00e1nh tay quy\u1ec1n uy tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n \u2013 t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng h\u00ecnh canh c\u1ea3i, pha tr\u1ed9n th\u00edch h\u1ee3p. Ch\u00fa th\u00edch: (7) L\u00ea Hi\u1ec7u, \u201cC\u00f3 n\u00ean gi\u1eef trong s\u1ef1 t\u00edch c\u1ee7a danh nh\u00e2n Chu V\u0103n An truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2 th\u1ee7y th\u1ea7n?\u201d Nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n m\u1edbi v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc n\u0103m 1990, tr.221-223. T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 th\u1ea5y chuy\u1ec7n Chu V\u0103n An c\u00f3 h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2 th\u1ee7y th\u1ea7n l\u00e0 Ng\u00f4 Th\u00ec S\u0129 trong Vi\u1ec7t s\u1eed ti\u00eau \u00e1n, s\u0111d, tr.253, s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i d\u1eabn S\u01b0u th\u1ea7n k\u00ed kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 g\u1ed1c g\u00e1c, nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf r\u1eb1ng truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1t sinh tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XVIII. Ch\u00fang ta l\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng mi\u1ebfu th\u1ee7y th\u1ea7n th\u1edd ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2 n\u00e0y \u1edf \u0110\u1ea7n S\u00e9t c\u0169ng c\u00f9ng huy\u1ec7n Thanh Tr\u00ec v\u1edbi \u0111\u00ecnh V\u0129nh Ninh c\u1ee7a N\u00e0ng T\u00eda (r\u00f9a bi\u1ec3n) \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ec3 (8) D\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u0103n An, \u00d4 Ch\u00e2u C\u1eadn L\u1ee5c ( B\u00f9i L\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u1ecbch, S\u00e0i G\u00f2n 1961). Theo l\u1eddi t\u1ef1a s\u00e1ch n\u0103m 1555, D\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u0103n An (1511-?, \u0111\u1ed3ng ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 n\u0103m 1547) cho bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ed5 t\u00fac s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y t\u1eeb hai b\u1ea3n th\u00e1o c\u1ee7a hai nho s\u0129, khi \u00f4ng c\u01b0 tang n\u0103m Qu\u00ed S\u1eedu(1553). Chuy\u1ec7n k\u1ec3 sau \u1edf c\u00e1c trang 70-73. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch nh\u01b0ng th\u1ea5y tr\u00edch v\u0103n H\u00e1n v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c th\u1edd c\u00fang \u1edf ch\u00fa th\u00edch 2, trang 66 trong Rolf Stein, \u201cJardin en miniature d\u2019Extr\u00eame Orient\u201d, BEFEO, XLI (1941) (9) B\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch vi\u1ebft Th\u00e1i D\u01b0\u01a1ng, nh\u01b0ng \u0110NNTC, t\u1ec9nh Th\u1eeba Thi\u00ean, t\u1eadp th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, (b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch S\u00e0i G\u00f2n 1961), tr.80 c\u00f3 ch\u1eef \u201cthai\u201d, v\u00e0 th\u1ea7n \u1edf s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y v\u1eabn c\u00f2 gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t \u0111e d\u1ecda th\u1eddi D\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u0103n An (10) E. Por\u00e9e \u2013 Masp\u00e9ro, Etudes sur les rites\u2026I, tr.142 (11) A.Cabaton, Nouvelles recherches sur les Chams (Puh EFEO, Paris, 1901), tr.114-115 (12) E. Aymonier, \u201cLes Tchams et leurs religions\u201d, Journal Asiatique 1891, tr.218-219. B\u00e1o c\u00e1o","c\u1ee7a P.Mus v\u1ec1 chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i Phan Rang th\u0103m ng\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1n g\u1ea7n l\u00e0ng S\u01a1n H\u1ea3i ( m\u0169i Dinh), m\u1ee5c Tin T\u1ee9c, BEFEO XXIX (1929), tr.509-510 (13) T\u1ee7 s\u00e1ch Vi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5. H\u1ed3ng \u0110\u1ee9c b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 (S\u00e0i G\u00f2n 1962). B\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 v\u00e0 ch\u00fa (d\u1ecbch) tr.90-91 c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Nam t\u1ee9 ch\u00ed l\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u01b0, b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 v\u00e0 ch\u00fa c\u1ee7a B\u00ecnh nam \u0111\u1ed3, tr.140-141. Trong l\u1eddi gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u (trang XIII,XIV) \u00f4ng Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng Bi\u1ec3u L\u00e2m \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u1ecbng r\u1eb1ng Thi\u00ean nam\u2026 l\u1eadp v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng 1630-1653, c\u00f2n B\u00ecnh nam \u0111\u1ed3 l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n Ho\u00e0ng (+1613) nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 d\u1ea5u v\u1ebf s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ebfn kho\u1ea3ng 1653-1790. Th\u1eadt ra, c\u00f3 sai l\u1ea1c trong l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn l\u00e0 do \u00f4ng t\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1eb1ng h\u00e0ng ch\u1eef \u201c \u0110\u1ed1c su\u1ea5t \u0110oan Qu\u1eadn c\u00f4ng h\u1ecda ti\u1ebfn\u201d tr\u00ean \u201c Gi\u00e1p Ng\u1ecd B\u00ecnh nam \u0111\u1ed3\u201d l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 Nguy\u1ec5n Ho\u00e0ng (trang 139), ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mang t\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110oa Qu\u1eadn c\u00f4ng khi tr\u1ea5n th\u1ee7 Thu\u1eadn H\u00f3a (1558). Ph\u1ee7 bi\u00ean t\u1ea1p l\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a L\u00ea Qu\u00ed \u0110\u00f4n ( b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch L\u00ea Xu\u00e2n Gi\u00e1o, Saigon 1972, t.1, tr.122) ghi \u201c Gi\u00e1p ng\u1ecd (1174) tr\u1ea5n th\u1ee7 Ngh\u1ec7 An l\u00e0 \u0110oan Qu\u1eadn c\u00f4ng B\u00f9i Th\u1ebf \u0110\u1ea1t d\u00e2ng s\u1edb xin \u0111\u00e1nh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Nam\u201d, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p thu\u1eadn v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c phonbg ki\u00eam ch\u1ee9c \u201c \u0110\u1ed1c su\u1ea5t B\u00ecnh nam \u0111\u1ea1i t\u01b0\u1edbng qu\u00e2n\u201d d\u01b0\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n Ho\u00e0ng Ng\u0169 Ph\u00fac. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf Gi\u00e1p ng\u1ecd ghi tr\u00ean b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 l\u00e0 1774, b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch chinh Nam v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 n\u1eafm \u0111\u1ee7 \u00fd ngh\u0129a cho l\u1eddi ch\u00fa th\u00eam \u201cT\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ed3ng H\u1edbi, ch\u00ed Cao Mi\u00ean gi\u1edbi\u201d. Th\u1eddi Nguy\u1ec5n Ho\u00e0ng v\u00e0o Nam c\u01b0\u01a1ng gi\u1edbi \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t ch\u1ec9 m\u1edbi t\u1edbi Ph\u00fa Y\u00ean. Chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch \u0111\u00e1nh Nam l\u00e0m cho Tr\u1ecbnh h\u00e3nh di\u1ec7n n\u00ean m\u1edbi c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 \u201ck\u1ec9 ni\u1ec7m ch\u01b0\u01a1ng\u201d l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng ti\u1ec1n C\u1ea3nh H\u01b0ng l\u1edbn th\u00eam ch\u1eef \u201cb\u00ecnh nam\u201d (14) D\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u0103n An s\u0111d, tr19, 76 (15) E. Aymonier s\u0111d, tr.218-219 III-PH\u1eacT B\u00c0 QUAN \u00c2M V\u00c0 C\u00c1C N\u1eee TH\u1ea6N Quan ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t, nh\u1eefng Ph\u1eadt ch\u01b0a ch\u1ecbu v\u1ec1 y\u00ean h\u01b0\u1edbng \u1edf mi\u1ec1n C\u1ef1c l\u1ea1c m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi ch\u00fang sinh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111em l\u1ea1i cho Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn v\u1edbi qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang. M\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i c\u00e0ng g\u1ea7n v\u1ed1i nh\u00e2n t\u00ednh h\u01a1n xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng n\u1eef th\u1ea7n Avalokitesvara l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong hai B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t ph\u1ee5 t\u00e1 Ph\u1eadt A Di \u0110\u00e0 \u1edf T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u1ecbnh th\u1ed5 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng c\u1ee9u nh\u1eefng ai b\u1ecb tai n\u1ea1n, h\u1ecfa ho\u1ea1n, c\u01b0\u1edbp b\u00f3c, th\u00fa d\u1eef v\u00e0 c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd, sau c\u00f9ng mang t\u00ean Quan \u00c2m hay Qu\u00e1n Th\u1ebf \u00c2m chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ea1ng n\u1eef tr\u00ean d\u1ea5t Trung Hoa. V\u00e0 t\u1eeb l\u00fac th\u00e0nh n\u1eef th\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u00e0o \u0111\u1eddi T\u1ed1ng th\u00ec B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t b\u1ea3o tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 v\u00e0 ban con c\u1ea7u t\u1ef1, tuy d\u1ea1ng nam th\u1ea7n v\u1eabn c\u00f2n b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh A Di \u0110\u00e0 trong c\u00e1c ch\u00f9a (16) \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3 Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o th\u00ec v\u1ecb Quan \u00c2m T\u1ed1ng T\u1eed n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1c h\u00ecnh B\u00e0 m\u1eb7c \u00e1o tr\u1eafng, tay b\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb (H\u1ed3ng H\u00e0i Nhi). \u1ede \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t, \u1ef6 Lan Th\u00e1i phi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c suy t\u00f4n v\u1edbi c\u00f9ng danh hi\u1ec7u. V\u1ec1 ph\u00eda Nam Avalokitesvara \u1edf \u0110\u1ed3ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng ( \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 X) \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 v\u00e0 ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t thi\u00ean \u00e1i v\u1edbi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef (17). Tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t th\u00ec c\u00f3 l\u1ebd d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft b\u1ea3o tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 v\u1edbi n\u00e9t th\u1edd c\u00fang kh\u00e1 b\u1ec1 th\u1ebf l\u00e0 trong c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n cu\u1ed1i 1437 \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m 1438 c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00e1o v\u1edbi L\u00ea Th\u00e1i T\u00f4ng l\u00e0 \u0110\u00f4 \u0110\u1ed1c L\u00ea Ng\u00e2n th\u1edd Ph\u1eadt Quan \u00c2m c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ed1t, ph\u00f9 th\u1ee7y v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nghi l\u1ebd t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea7u cho con g\u00e1i l\u00e0 Hu\u1ec7 phi \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vua y\u00eau Theo c\u00e1c d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft \u0111i\u00eau kh\u1eafc, ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i th\u00ec s\u1ef1 hung th\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng th\u1edd Quan \u00c2m l\u00e0 \u1edf d\u01b0\u1edbi tri\u1ec1u M\u1ea1c ( th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XVI) b\u1edfi ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd n\u00e0y g\u00e2y n\u00ean s\u1ef1 thi\u00ean \u00e1i \u0111\u00f3: D\u00f2ng h\u1ecd M\u1ea1c c\u01b0 tr\u00fa t\u1eeb l\u00e2u tr\u00ean v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n t\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 mang t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong v\u00f9ng v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t khi \u0111\u1ea1t th\u00e0nh danh v\u1ecdng t\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3i nh\u1edb v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n b\u1ea3o tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh (18). V\u00e0 c\u0169ng v\u00ec t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee9u n\u1ea1n n\u00ean n\u1ed9i cung M\u1ea1c, \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ea3o tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1c Ch\u00f9a B\u00e0 Banh m\u00e0 h\u1eb3n kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft m\u00ecnh \u0111ang th\u1edd Po Yan Dari hay Po Riyak hay Po Yan N\u01b0ga ! D\u00e2n \u0111i bi\u1ec3n Trung Qu\u1ed1c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e2u \u201c Nam M\u00f4 c\u1ee9u kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee9u n\u1ea1n Quan Th\u1ebf \u00c2m B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t\u201d tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i xu\u1ed1ng ph\u00eda Nam g\u1eb7p m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng b\u00e3o t\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea7y hi\u1ec3m nguy n\u00ean Quan \u00c2m bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng (Trung Qu\u1ed1c) tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh Quan \u00c2m Nam H\u1ea3i, Quan \u00c2m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00ecnh d\u00e2n \u2013 m\u00e0 ta th\u1ea5y trong truy\u1ec7n T\u00e0u- ngo\u00e0i h\u00ecnh \u00f4m H\u1ed3ng H\u00e0i Nhi c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1c d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng b\u00ecnh T\u1ecbnh th\u1ee7y nh\u00fang c\u00e0nh d\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee9u n\u1ea1n, hai b\u00ean c\u00f3 Thi\u1ec7n T\u00e0i \u0110\u1ed3ng T\u1eed v\u00e0 Long N\u1eef \u0111\u1ee9ng h\u1ea7u. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 v\u1ecb n\u1eef th\u1ea7n g\u1ed1c, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1edd \u1edf \u0111\u1ea3o Th\u00fa S\u01a1n ngo\u00e0i kh\u01a1i","t\u1ec9nh Tri\u1ebft Giang m\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1n \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec1u mang danh ngh\u0129a th\u1edd Quan \u00c2m T\u00f9y theo n\u00e9t \u0111\u1eadm nh\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o n\u01a1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i bi\u1ec3n m\u00e0 v\u1ecb n\u1eef th\u1ea7n bi\u1ec3n c\u1ea3 c\u00f3 d\u1ea1ng Quan \u00c2m hay c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n \u0110\u1ea1o Gi\u00e1o: Th\u00e1nh M\u1eabu Thi\u00ean Phi \/ Thi\u00ean H\u1eadu. V\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1m th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u00e2n \u0111i bi\u1ec3n Trung Qu\u1ed1c, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e1m Minh th\u1ea7n l\u01b0u vong \u0111\u00e3 mang v\u1ecb th\u00e1nh m\u1eabu \u1ea5y \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00f9ng h\u1ecd gh\u00e9 b\u1ebfn hay tr\u00fa ng\u1ee5. Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n bi\u1ec3n n\u00e0y d\u01b0\u1edbi nh\u1eefng danh x\u01b0ng kh\u00e1c nhau qua c\u00e1c th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i, n\u01a1i s\u1ef1 t\u00edch B\u00e0 ghi trong ng\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1n \u1edf H\u00f2a \u0110a (B\u00ecnh Thu\u1eadn): B\u00e0 h\u1ecd L\u00e2m, ph\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea1o C\u1eedu M\u1ee5c C\u00f4ng, con g\u00e1i th\u1ee9 hai c\u1ee7a \u00d4ng C\u00f4ng, 8 tu\u1ed5i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ea1o Ti\u00ean, 12 tu\u1ed5i luy\u1ec7n \u0111\u01a1n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, bi\u1ebft h\u00f4 phong ho\u00e1n v\u0169. \u0110\u1eddi T\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i bi\u1ec3n l\u1eadt thuy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea7n x\u01b0ng l\u00e0 con g\u00e1i c\u1ee7a \u00d4ng C\u00f4ng c\u1ee9u. T\u1ed1ng phong l\u00e0m Phu Nh\u00e2n, Minh phong Thi\u00ean phi, Thanh phong l\u00e0 Thi\u00ean H\u1eadu (19). C\u00e1c x\u00e3 Minh h\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1edf Th\u1eeba Thi\u00ean \u2013 Qu\u1ea3ng Nam thu\u1ed9c l\u1edbp t\u1ee5 c\u01b0 x\u01b0a v\u00e0 ph\u1ed3n th\u1ecbnh nh\u1ea5t \u1edf \u0111\u00e0ng Trong n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1n Thi\u00ean Phi L\u00e2m TH\u1ecb. Ch\u00ednh \u1edf v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t \u0110\u00e0ng Trong n\u00e0y B\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eb7p v\u1ecb n\u1eef th\u1ea7n hi\u1ec3n linh Ch\u00e0m \u0111\u00e3 Vi\u1ec7t h\u00f3a d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00ean T\u1ee9 V\u1ecb Th\u00e1nh N\u01b0\u01a1ng, c\u00e0ng \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o ph\u00eda Nam c\u00e0ng \u0111\u1eadm n\u00e9t Ch\u00e0m h\u01a1n Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3n, s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft di chuy\u1ec3n \u2013 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 di d\u00e2n v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda Nam \u2013 thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i h\u01a1n b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3n. H\u1ecd th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i \u00e1p l\u1ef1c \u201cnam h\u00f3a\u201d c\u1ee7a Nho gi\u00e1o tr\u00ean c\u00e1c l\u00e0ng x\u00f3m \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb, kinh th\u00e0nh, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi try\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u0169 gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c uy th\u1ebf trong t\u1eadp h\u1ecdp \u0110\u1ea1o Gi\u00e1o \u1edf th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XVIII,XIX tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t vua L\u00ea ch\u00faa Tr\u1ecbnh, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng v\u00ec s\u1ef1 t\u1eadp trung quy\u1ec1n h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n c\u00f9ng s\u1ef1 l\u1ea5n l\u01b0\u1edbt c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p Ch\u00fa th\u00edch: (16) H. Masp\u00e9ro, Les religions chinoises, tr.125-126, 236-237 (17) P. Dupont, \u201cLes apport chinois dans le style de Dong Duong\u201d, BEFEO XLIV (1947 \u2013 1950), tr. 273, cho bi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Lokesvara\/Avalokitesvara \u1edf Nhan Bi\u1ec1u, t\u1ea1c n\u0103m 911 \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00e2ng cho m\u1ed9t ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef quy\u1ec1n qu\u00ed v\u00e0 mang t\u00ean b\u00e0 n\u00e0y (18) Trong c\u00e1c \u1ea5n b\u1ea3n 1989, 2000, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng d\u1eabn ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng Tr\u1ea7n Qu\u1ed1c V\u01b0\u1ee3ng, \u201cV\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u2013 s\u1ed1 d\u00e2n \u2013 k\u0129 thu\u1eadt \u2013 \u00fd th\u1ee9c trong v\u0103n minh n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p Vi\u1ec7t Nam\u201d, Kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc 2 (1983) tr.3. Tuy nhi\u00ean ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 nghi ng\u1edd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y \u00f4ng n\u00f3i r\u00f5 ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9 v\u1ec1 g\u1ed1c t\u00edch h\u1ecd M\u1ea1c \u1edf Ph\u00fac Ki\u1ebfn ( c\u00f3 l\u1ebd ch\u1ec9 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o t\u1ee5c th\u1edd c\u00fang Quan \u00c2m bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng \u1edf \u0111\u00f3). H\u1ecd M\u1ea1c ch\u1ec9 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi tr\u00ean v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n B\u1eafc B\u1ed9, v\u1eady c\u00e1c \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a bi\u1ec3n kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n t\u00ecm n\u01a1i g\u1ed1c g\u00e1c xa m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ngay trong v\u00f9ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd (19) \u0110NNTC, t\u1ec9nh B\u00ecnh Thu\u1eadn ( B\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch Saigon 1965), tr.48. Ph\u1ea7n t\u1ec9nh Qu\u1ea3ng Nam v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ec1n n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ghi \u201c Thi\u00ean Phi l\u00e2m th\u1ecb h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a Minh h\u01b0\u01a1ng\u201d IV-TAM GI\u00c1O VI\u1ec6T V\u00c0 TH\u1ea6N LINH T\u00ean ri\u00eang Tam Gi\u00e1o d\u00e0nh cho ba h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o \u2013 tin t\u01b0\u1edfng tri\u1ebft l\u00ed c\u0169ng \u0111an xen t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn sinh ho\u1ea1t tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u00c1 \u0110\u00f4ng. Nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c ra c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1eafc th\u00e1i s\u1eafc th\u00e1i kh\u00e1c nhau trong s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn \u1edf nh\u1eefng khu v\u1ef1c v\u1ef1c v\u00e0 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n kh\u00e1c nhau. Trong s\u1ef1 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed7i th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t. C\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 s\u1ef1 dung h\u00f2a n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c, m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i s\u1ee5t xu\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3, \u1edf l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c quan ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 c\u00f5i linh thi\u00eang, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng tin t\u01b0\u1edfng b\u00ecnh d\u00e2n chen v\u00e0o kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh Ta th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ea5t Vi\u1ec7t khi c\u00f2n l\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 ba d\u00f2ng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Ph\u1eadt \u2013 L\u00e3o \u2013 Nho du nh\u1eadp nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 t\u1eeb khi \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1ea5p th\u00ec s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn m\u1edbi mang t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a c\u00f3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c \u2013 t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ch quan c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i. Nho Gi\u00e1o mang t\u00ednh duy l\u00ed, t\u1ef1 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0i nghi v\u1edbi th\u1ea7n linh, nh\u01b0ng tuy Nho s\u0129 Vi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 ki\u00eau ng\u1ea1o v\u00ec ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c, v\u00ec hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c tr\u1ecb n\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u00ec \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c hay gi\u1ea3 qua t\u1ea7m v\u01b0\u01a1n t\u1edbi nh\u1edd khoa b\u1ea3ng, hay c\u0169ng v\u1eabn l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ri\u00eang l\u1ebb,","c\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 sau c\u00e0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e1m b\u00ecnh d\u00e2n n\u1ed5i l\u00ean n\u00ean d\u1ec5 chia s\u1ebb quan ni\u1ec7m th\u1ea7n linh c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n ch\u00fang g\u1ea7n g\u0169i hay \u0111\u1eadn m\u00f9i \u0110\u1ea1o Gi\u00e1o ph\u01b0\u01a1ng thu\u1eadt. H\u1ecd ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng tin t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111em l\u1ea1i th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 chung quanh, hay \u0111em l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch cho s\u1ef1 th\u0103ng ti\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n h\u1ecd. Do \u0111\u00f3, theo v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 th\u0103ng ti\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp nho s\u0129, c\u0169ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn quan ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea5t phi\u1ebfm \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng ma thu\u1eadt s\u1ebd l\u00e0m kh\u01a1i d\u1eady v\u00e0 k\u00edch th\u00edch hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng Nho s\u0129 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7 theo l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa Tr\u1eddi \u2013 \u0110\u1ea5t \u2013 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi (Tam T\u00e0i) trong \u0111\u00f3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ( \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 Vua) ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft s\u1ed1ng theo nh\u1ecbp t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a Tr\u1eddi \u0110\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00c2m \u2013 D\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a, \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1ecfi x\u1ea3y ra nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c h\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean \u0111em l\u1ea1i ( b\u00e3o, l\u1ee5t, \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t\u2026) c\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i (lo\u1ea1n l\u1ea1c\u2026). Nh\u01b0ng qu\u1ea3 c\u0169ng th\u1eadt kh\u00f3 theo l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 coi thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 mang t\u00ednh v\u00f4 th\u1ee9c, ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p b\u1edfi 5 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 v\u00e2t ch\u1ea5t ( Ng\u0169 h\u00e0nh) chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng, \u0111\u1ed5i thay li\u00ean t\u1ee5c trong th\u1ebf qu\u00e2n b\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t khi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n l\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng ( \u0110\u1ea1o) \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta v\u1eabn s\u1ed1ng ngay tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t, c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y g\u1ea7n g\u0169i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t, t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean th\u1ea5y v\u1eadn m\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea5t mang c\u1ea3 th\u00e2n x\u00e1c m\u00ecnh khi n\u1eb1m xu\u1ed1ng. Cho n\u00ean th\u00eam m\u1ed9t quan ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 th\u00e1c sinh, m\u1ed9t quan ni\u1ec7m ma thu\u1eadt v\u1ec1 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ean s\u1ef1 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a \u00e2m d\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ecba th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai, l\u00e0 khoa phong th\u1ee7y \u0111\u1ecba l\u00ed th\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh Khoa \u0111\u1ecba l\u00ed ( \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ea3) ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng tr\u00ean ph\u1ea1m vi h\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a quan ni\u1ec7m l\u1edbn v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00f4ng Tam t\u00e0i, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00ednh \u1edf ph\u1ea1m vi nh\u1ecf m\u00e0 khoa \u0111\u1ecba l\u00ed g\u1eb7p v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn ( d\u00f9 d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng n\u00e9 tr\u00e1nh v\u00e0 l\u00e3ng qu\u00ean) quan ni\u1ec7m th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n x\u1ee9 c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a. Huy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ea3 l\u00e0 m\u1eaft, mi\u1ec7ng r\u1ed3ng\u2026r\u1ee7i ro l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t \u1edf l\u01b0ng r\u1ed3ng, \u0111u\u00f4i r\u1ed3ng v\u00ec khi n\u00f3 qu\u1eaby m\u00ecnh th\u00ec\u2026Con v\u1eadt n\u1eb1m d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Khmer g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 n\u00e2k-naga \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 c\u00e1 s\u1ea5u tr\u00ean c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1n ti\u1ec1n Angkor, Angkor (20), con c\u00e1 s\u1ea5u Vi\u1ec7t chuy\u1ec3n qua giao long g\u1eb7p con r\u1ed3ng Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u1ed1n c\u0169ng l\u00e0 t\u1eeb c\u00e1 s\u1ea5u, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3i bao bi\u1ebfn thi\u00ean v\u1eabn c\u00f2n gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c uy l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng quy\u1ec1n ph\u00e9p cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta tin t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 m\u01b0\u1ee3n th\u00eam m\u1ed9t m\u1edb l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng ph\u1ea7n s\u00e2u d\u00e0y m\u00e0 g\u1eedi g\u1eafm n\u1eafm x\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e0n, g\u1eedi g\u1eafm hi v\u1ecdng cho v\u1ec1 sau, l\u00fac m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n bi\u1ebft g\u00ec n\u1eefa c\u1ea3 V\u1edbi quan ni\u1ec7m c\u0103n b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai, r\u1ed9ng ra l\u00e0 s\u00f4ng n\u00fai \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn con ng\u01b0\u1edd sinh s\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n cai tr\u1ecb n\u00ean khoa phong th\u1ee7y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ea3y sinh v\u00e0 vun \u0111\u1eafp t\u1eeb r\u1ea5t l\u00e2u tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t Vi\u1ec7t. Vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ea5n y\u1ec3m s\u00f4ng n\u00fai \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u trong s\u1eed v\u1edbi nh\u00e0 Tr\u1ea7n n\u1eafm 1248 \u201ctheo l\u1eddi Tr\u1ea7n Th\u1ee7 \u0110\u1ed9\u201d. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a \u201cc\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00f9 th\u1ee7y \u201c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sai l\u00e0m n\u00e0y c\u00f2n c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c khai th\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai: \u0111\u00e0o k\u00eanh, l\u1ea5p \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u01b0\u1edbc \u2026n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 ng\u00e0y nay l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edbi ti\u00eau ru\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t, \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a th\u1ee7y l\u1ee3i c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfp n\u1ed1i sau khi c\u1ea3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00ea \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3. M\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 th\u1ee7y l\u1ee3i v\u00e0 phong th\u1ee7y ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf n\u01a1i An Ph\u1ee7 v\u00e0 s\u1ee9 l\u1ed9 T\u00e2n H\u01b0ng l\u00e0 Tr\u1ea7n Qu\u1ed1c Ki\u1ec7t (+1408) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c H\u1ed3 H\u00e1n Th\u01b0\u01a1ng ban khen (1404) v\u00ec bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1eafp \u0111\u00ea ng\u0103n m\u1eb7n, m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai c\u00e0y c\u1ea5y, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ecba l\u00ed c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh trong quy\u1ec3n H\u00ecnh th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecba m\u1ea1ch ca c\u00f3 H\u1ed3 T\u00f4ng Th\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ec1 t\u1ef1a (21). Tuy nhi\u00ean s\u1ef1 t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t l\u1ea1i xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi giai \u0111o\u1ea1n nho h\u00f3a s\u00e2u \u0111\u1eadm \u1edf th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 sau. S\u1ef1 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn kho \u0111\u1ecba l\u00ed phong th\u1ee7y l\u00e0 do t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp nho s\u0129 \u0111ang l\u00ean t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XV th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng n\u01b0\u01a1ng theo kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng si\u00eau linh \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111em l\u1ea1i th\u0103ng ti\u1ebfn cho t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp m\u00ecnh. H\u1ecd ra c\u00f4ng h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi, t\u00ecm k\u0129 thu\u1eadt t\u1ed1i \u01b0u v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n l\u1ea1i n\u01a1i c\u1eeda mi\u1ec7ng, trong s\u00e1ch v\u1edf nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 danh gia v\u1ecdng t\u1ed9c n\u00e0y c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea5t ti\u1ebfn s\u0129, c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n kia nh\u1edd tang v\u00e0o h\u00e0m r\u1ed3ng b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t d\u1ecbp l\u00e0m \u01a1n t\u00ecnh c\u1edd cho m\u1ed9t th\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ecba l\u00ed \u1ea9n danh\u2026 V\u00e0 Tham t\u1ee5ng Nguy\u1ec5n C\u00f4ng H\u00e3n r\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Tr\u1ecbnh C\u01b0\u01a1ng tin dung l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ebft (1732) v\u00ec Tr\u1ecbnh Giang, v\u1edbi t\u1ed9i g\u1ed1c l\u00e0 t\u00e1ng m\u1ea3 v\u00e0o ki\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea5u c\u1eedu long c\u00f3 c\u01a1 con ch\u00e1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m vua (22) C\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e1ng l\u01b0u \u00fd l\u00e0 \u00f4ng Ti\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1ee9 Cao Bi\u1ec1n l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi nh\u01b0, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u00f4ng t\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ecba l\u00ed th\u00ec c\u0169ng l\u00e0 b\u1eadc th\u1ea7y v\u1ec1 khoa n\u00e0y \u1edf \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t. V\u0110ULT v\u00e0 LNCQ \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ec7n Cao Bi\u1ec1n th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i trong vi\u1ec7c y\u1ebfm tr\u1ea5n th\u1ea7n Long \u0110\u1ed7 v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft t\u1eeb l\u1ecbch s\u1eed cho bi\u1ebft Cao Bi\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e0o k\u00eanh bi\u1ec3n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch sai th\u1ea7n linh ph\u00e1 \u0111\u00e1; nh\u1eefng t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf h\u1eb3n c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng d\u1ef1ng h\u00e0o quang th\u1ea7n thuy\u1ebft cho \u00f4ng. V\u1ecb th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Cao Bi\u1ec1n trong kho \u0111\u1ecba l\u00ed, c\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 sau c\u00e0ng v\u1eefa ch\u1eafc, l\u1ea5n \u00e1t c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c.","Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u01b0 Ho\u00e0ng Ph\u00fac c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi Minh thu\u1ed9c \u2013 \u00f4ng n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ecba l\u00ed cao tay m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. S\u00e1ch v\u1edf \u0111\u1ecba l\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00e1n cho l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a Cao Bi\u1ec1n ch\u1eafc \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c \u00edt ra l\u00e0 th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XVIII, XIX (23). V\u00e0 t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn d\u1ea7n d\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed m\u00e0 tr\u00ean v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t m\u1edbi ph\u00eda Nam, Cao Bi\u1ec1n m\u1ea5t danh v\u1ecb l\u1ecbch s\u1eed l\u00e0 ti\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1ee9, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u00f4ng ph\u00f9 th\u1ee7y. B\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng chuy\u1ec3n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t th\u00e0nh trong s\u1ef1 x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp c\u1ee7a t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch th\u1ea7n h\u00f3a v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u \u00f3c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp nho s\u0129 m\u1edbi, kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi l\u1edbp ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a V\u0110ULT v\u00e0 LNCQ. Ta h\u00e3y xem quy\u1ec3n Truy\u1ec1n k\u00ec m\u1ea1n l\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n D\u1eef (tr\u01b0\u1edbc 1574) ( Xem \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y http:\/\/hoangthantai.vn\/index.php?topic=1998.0) . S\u00e1ch ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t danh t\u00e1c Trung Hoa (Ti\u1ec5n \u0111\u0103ng t\u00e2n tho\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a C\u00f9 H\u1ef1u 1341-1427)(24), bi\u00ean ch\u00e9p v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u201cph\u1ecfng theo\u201d, trong \u0111\u00f3 Nguy\u1ec5n D\u1eef \u0111\u00e3 Vi\u1ec7t h\u00f3a v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t li\u1ec7u l\u1ea5y t\u1eeb tin t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7, \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi: ma c\u00e2y g\u1ea1o, chuy\u1ec7n li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec1n T\u1ea3n Vi\u00ean, truy\u1ec7n c\u00f3 \u00f4ng Th\u1eeba, ch\u1ec9 H\u1ed3 T\u00f4ng Th\u1ed1c, c\u00f2n \u00f4ng ti\u1ec1u phu n\u00fai Na\/N\u01b0a th\u00ec c\u00f3 h\u01a1i h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00f9ng ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c v\u1edbi t\u00edch x\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c L\u00ea T\u1eafc nghe t\u1eeb t\u01b0\u1edbc 1285. C\u00e1c nho s\u0129 (kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u) c\u1ee7a V\u0110ULT v\u00e0 LNCQ \u0111\u1ee9ng ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1c chuy\u1ec7n th\u1ea7n qu\u00e1i h\u1ecd k\u1ec3, c\u00f2n \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, h\u1ecd l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a chuy\u1ec7n th\u1ea7n qu\u00e1i, chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, \u0111\u01b0\u01a1c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng th\u1eafc m\u1eafc. Th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0y c\u0169ng d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u theo ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed: S\u1ef1 suy s\u1ee5p c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 H\u1eadu L\u00ea b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 th\u1ee9 XVI v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp theo l\u00e0 c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c ph\u00e2n tranh khi\u1ebfn nho s\u0129 \u00edt nhi\u1ec1u g\u00ec c\u0169ng m\u1ea5t h\u01b0\u1edbng ti\u1ebfn th\u00e2n, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u1ea9n s\u0129 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eafc d\u0129 xa r\u1eddi khung tr\u1eddi danh l\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ea7y phi\u1ec1n l\u1ee5y nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u01b0\u1edbc m\u01a1. T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e3o Trang cung c\u1ea5p cho c\u00e1c nho s\u0129 trong ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh \u1ea5y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u1ebf t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111o\u1ea1n tuy\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 khi ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m s\u01b0. V\u00e0 c\u0169ng b\u1edf t\u1eeb con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eadt m\u00e0 c\u00e1c nho s\u0129 n\u00e0y \u2013 th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1t hay ch\u01b0a \u2013 d\u1ec5 ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1o Gi\u00e1o, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n B\u1ec9nh Khi\u00eam (1491-1585) k\u1ebb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ef1c ti\u00ean tri c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5u su\u1ed1t c\u1ea3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai V\u1ecb th\u1ebf Ho\u00e0ng Ph\u00fac c\u0169ng h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u s\u00e1ch v\u1edf v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed3n \u0111\u1ea1i g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 phong th\u1ee7y \u2013 \u0111\u1ecba l\u00ed Trung Qu\u1ed1c nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 b\u1eadc th\u1ea7y trong khoa \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ea3. S\u00e1ch C\u00f4ng d\u01b0 ti\u1ec7p k\u00ed (th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 th\u1ee9 XVIII), Tang th\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u1eabu l\u1ee5c (th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XIX) ( Xem \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y: http:\/\/hoangthantai.vn\/index.php? topic=4275.0) ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh m\u1ed1i tin t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3 v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng \u00f4ng th\u1ea7y T\u00e0u \u1ea9n danh \u0111i v\u00e0o th\u00f4ng qu\u00ea t\u00ecm huy\u1ec7t, hay v\u1ec1 chuy\u1ec7n c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ecba Vi\u1ec7t m\u00e0y m\u00f2 sang qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a cao Bi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc ngh\u1ec1. Nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb t\u1ea7m s\u01b0 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ea1o n\u00e0y c\u00f3 l\u00fac \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec9nh cao c\u1ee7a chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea1nh tranh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p ph\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u1eafc. V\u0169 Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ec1 t\u1ea3 r\u00f5 ki\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea5t ch\u00f4n cha Tr\u1ea1ng nguy\u00ean Ph\u1ea1m Duy Tr\u0129 (th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 th\u1ee9 XVI), ki\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7u nh\u1edd khoa \u0111\u1ecba l\u00ed c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng th\u1ea7y h\u1ecdc, h\u01a1n h\u1eb3n \u00f4ng th\u1ea7y T\u00e0u. C\u0169ng V\u0169 Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e0n th\u1eadt chi ti\u1ebft v\u1edbi ki\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea5t \u1edf Ch\u00ed Linh \u201c \u0111\u1ee7 th\u1ebf t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p\u201d. T\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh \u201c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p\u201d nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u1eaft ph\u1ea3i d\u1eabn t\u1edbi s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t danh t\u00e0i \u1edf Ngh\u1ec7 An l\u00e0 \u00f4ng T\u1ea3 Ao Trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi linh thi\u00eang \u0111\u00f3, \u0110\u1ea1o Gi\u00e1o ph\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u0129 d\u1ec5 m\u01b0\u1ee3n th\u00eam uy t\u00edn c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o, m\u1ed9t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o tuy \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 cao v\u1eabn c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u nh\u01b0ng \u1edf t\u1ea7m m\u1ee9c th\u1ea5p \u0111\u00e3 tr\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u00ean l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft h\u1ea1 th\u1eeba l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1ea7n h\u00f3a c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o ch\u1ee7, thu\u1ed9c h\u1ea1 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o t\u00e2m t\u01b0\u1edfng qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang h\u01a1n l\u00e0 qua nh\u1eefng kinh k\u1ec7 u\u1ea9n \u00e1o. Qu\u00e1n Gi\u00e0 La, h\u1eadu th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7n Th\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ecba \u0110\u00f4 H\u1ed9 Cung th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 VIII, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ch\u00f9a nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c vua Tr\u1ea7n phong th\u1ea7n. T\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ea1o H\u1ea1nh c\u00f3 ph\u00f9 ph\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u00ec nh\u00e0 tu \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o s\u0129, c\u00f3 h\u1ecdc ph\u00e9p ph\u00eda T\u00e2y Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng (\u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9), m\u00e0 c\u0169ng v\u00ec truy\u1ec7n k\u1ec3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng trong sinh ho\u1ea1t gi\u1eefa \u0110\u1ea1o Gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o 1224, m\u1eb9 T\u1eeb \u0110\u1ea1o H\u1ea1nh c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u01b0 n\u1eef h\u1ecd T\u0103ng ( \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00e2m v\u1edbi T\u0103ng s\u0129) \u0111\u00e3 g\u1ee3i \u00fd ch\u1ee9ng minh (25). V\u00e0 nh\u01b0 ta \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y, Ph\u1eadt B\u00e0 Quan \u00c2m trong t\u00e2m t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n ch\u00fang l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ea7n linh bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng c\u1ee9u h\u1ed9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb n\u1ea1n\u2026 Th\u00e0nh th\u1eed trong h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p Tam Gi\u00e1o, tr\u00ean kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh tri\u1ec1u ch\u00ednh, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i tr\u1ea7n th\u1ebf th\u00ec nho s\u0129 \u0111\u1ea3m \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o, \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh m\u00e0 trong t\u00e2m t\u01b0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00ec \u0110\u1ea1o Gi\u00e1o ph\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u0129 ph\u00f9 th\u1ee7y v\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o th\u1ea7n h\u00f3a n\u1eb1m \u1edf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed ch\u1ee7 ch\u1ed1t, ng\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb trong sinh ho\u1ea1t h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 c\u1ecfi si\u00eau linh. Trong t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f3 ta s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng l\u1ea5y l\u00e0m l\u1ea1 v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng \u201cm\u00f4n ph\u00e1i\u201d ph\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u0129 ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Ch\u00fa th\u00edch:","(20) E.Por\u00e9e \u2013 Masp\u00e9ro , Etudes\u2026I, tr.1,2,6 (21) Phan Huy Ch\u00fa, L\u1ecbch tri\u1ec1u hi\u1ebfn ch\u01b0\u01a1ng lo\u1ea1i ch\u00ed \u2013 V\u0103n t\u1ecbch ch\u00ed ( b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch s\u00e0i g\u00f2n 1974) tr.230-231. Tuy Phan Huy Ch\u00fa kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 n\u1ed9i dung s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 gh\u00e9p v\u00e0o m\u1ee5c \u201cph\u1ee5 ch\u00fa c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng k\u1ec9\u201d c\u00f9ng lo\u1ea1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a Cao Bi\u1ec1n, Ho\u00e0ng Ph\u00fac, Ho\u00e0ng Chi\u00eam (T\u1ea3 Ao) (22) \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t s\u1eed k\u00ed to\u00e0n th\u1ee9 - B\u1ea3n k\u1ec9 t\u1ee5c bi\u00ean, T.I ( H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i 1982), c\u00e1c n\u0103m t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng (23) Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u1ed5ng Chi, Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u1ed5 v\u0103n h\u1ecdc s\u1eed (Saigon t\u00e1i b\u1ea3n 1970), tr.80 v\u00e0 ch\u00fa. Ghi c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch: Cao V\u01b0\u01a1ng di c\u1ea3o, Cao Bi\u1ec1n t\u1ea5u th\u01b0, \u0110\u1ecba l\u00ed Cao Bi\u1ec1n c\u1ea3o (b\u1ea3n in 1720) (24) Tr\u1ea7n Ngh\u0129a, \u201cTh\u1eed so s\u00e1nh Truy\u1ec1n k\u00ec m\u1ea1n l\u1ee5c v\u1edbi Ti\u00ean \u0111\u0103ng t\u00e2n tho\u1ea1i\u201d, t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed H\u00e1n N\u00f4m \u00bd (1987), tr.3-13; Phan Huy Ch\u00fa, s\u0111d, tr.218; L\u00ea T\u1eafc, s\u0111d, tr36 (25) Khi d\u1ecbch To\u00e0n th\u01b0, c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u g\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u0103ng l\u1ee5c ( ch\u1ee9c quan c\u1ea7m \u0111\u1ea7u h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u0103ng s\u0129) c\u1ee7a \u0110inh l\u00e0 Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng Ma Ni. C\u00f3 l\u1ebd n\u00ean ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb r\u1ee5t r\u00e8 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0110\u00e0m Duy T\u1ea1o, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ecbch Ki\u1ebfn V\u0103n Ti\u1ec3u L\u1ee5c, t.II (tr209) g\u1ecdi v\u1ecb quan n\u00e0y l\u00e0 Ni (s\u01b0) Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng Ma, h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng c\u00f2n c\u00f3 \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u0103ng s\u0129 th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XIII m\u00e0 \u0110\u00e0m D\u0129 M\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e3 ch\u00ea tr\u00e1ch l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng \u0103n chung \u1edf l\u1ed9n V- C\u00c1C PH\u00c1I \u0110\u1ea0O N\u1ed8I K\u1ebeT T\u1eacP V\u00c0 PH\u00c1T TRI\u1ec2N Th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp d\u00e0i l\u00e2u khi\u1ebfn cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t c\u0169ng mu\u1ed1n t\u00ecm ra m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat g\u00ec l\u00e0 \u201cc\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh\u201d. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong ch\u1ed1n tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh, n\u01a1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n qu\u00e1 to l\u1edbn, b\u1eaft ch\u01b0\u1edbc theo c\u00f2n \u0111u\u1ed1i h\u01a1i hu\u1ed1ng h\u1ed3 l\u00e0 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o th\u00eam. C\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, l\u00e0 d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n t\u1eadp h\u1ecdp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng H\u00f9ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng cho \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, qui t\u1ee5 c\u00e1c th\u1ea7n linh n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf quy\u1ec1n b\u00ednh th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c. Nh\u01b0ng t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t duy l\u00ed c\u1ee7a Nho Gi\u00e1o trong n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u1ea5y v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7 th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n t\u00e2m tr\u00ed ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n. \u0110\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n qua nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c l\u1ea5n chi\u1ebfm, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng thu nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00e0ng m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p kh\u00e1c v\u00e0o l\u00fac n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn trong to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ecba. Th\u1ebf l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c h\u00e3nh di\u1ec7n mang t\u00ednh b\u1ea3n x\u1ee9 n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng h\u1eb9n m\u00e0 c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1c g\u1ecdi chung m\u1ed9t t\u00ean \u201c\u0111\u1ea1o N\u1ed9i\u201d, mang s\u1ef1 dung h\u00f2a, pha tr\u1ed9n, ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ee9c t\u1eadp h\u1ecdp th\u00e0nh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u1eb7c ch\u1ebd v\u00ec m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng nhu c\u1ea7u th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng \u201c l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft gia\u201d khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft ngay ch\u00ednh y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p h\u1ecd. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u1eadp h\u1ecdp th\u1ea7y ph\u00e1p \u2013 \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00f3ng c\u00f3 l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft \u0110\u1ea1o gi\u00e1o ph\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u0129 \u1edf n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng nh\u01b0ng pha m\u00e0u Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o th\u1ea7n h\u00f3a c\u00f3 khi r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eadm, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt cao c\u1ea5p \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb ch\u1ee7 t\u1ec3, l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n v\u00e0o trong t\u1eebng nh\u00f3m th\u1ea7n linh b\u1ea3n x\u1ee9 c\u00f3 d\u00e1ng l\u1ecbch s\u1eed m\u00e0 ta t\u1ea1m g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u201c ch\u1ea5p ph\u00e1p \u201c, c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n ph\u00e9p tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ec3 cho c\u00e1c t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3 s\u00f9ng b\u00e1i, mong \u0111\u1ee3i \u01a1n ph\u00fac Ta g\u1eb7p t\u00ean c\u00e1c th\u1ea7n linh trong phong tr\u00e0o \u0110\u1ea1o Gi\u00e1o ph\u00f9 th\u1ee7y th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XVIII \u2013 XIX n\u00e0y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi trong ch\u00ednh s\u1eed nh\u01b0 Huy\u1ec1n V\u00e2n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Tr\u1ea7n D\u1ee5 T\u00f4ng (gi\u1eef ng\u00f4i 1341-1369) v\u1eddi t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed9ng Huy\u1ec1n Thi\u00ean \u1edf Ch\u00ed Linh v\u1ec1 kinh h\u1ecfi ph\u00e9p tu luy\u1ec7n, nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c \u00f4ng ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a truy\u1ec1n k\u00ec: Ch\u1eed \u0110\u1ed3ng T\u1eed, Th\u00f4ng Huy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a LNCQ, \u00f4ng gi\u00e0 n\u00fai N\u01b0a c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n D\u1eef qua c\u1ed1 truy\u1ec7n m\u01b0\u1ee3n\u2026\u0110o\u00e0n Th\u1ecb \u0110i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft, huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i m\u1edbi n\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XVIII c\u1ee7a B\u00e0, v\u1edbi V\u0103n C\u00e1t Th\u1ea7n n\u1eef Li\u1ec5u H\u1ea1nh (26). \u0110\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt ti\u1ec1n th\u00e2n trong phong tr\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea1o N\u1ed9i m\u00e0 v\u1ecb th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd y\u1ebfu hay m\u1ea1nh l\u00e0 t\u00f9y v\u00e0o n\u01a1i m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft c\u00f2n \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn d\u00e2n ch\u00fang th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft d\u00ednh d\u1ea5p t\u1edbi h\u1ecd c\u00f2n mang t\u00ednh th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i hay kh\u00f4ng Nh\u1eefng t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch c\u00e1ch ch\u1eb7c ch\u1ebd, to r\u1ed9ng m\u1ed9t ch\u1eebng m\u1ee9c n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 so v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u201c\u0111i\u1ec3m\u201d ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc, l\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o n\u1eeda sau th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XVIII, th\u1eddi k\u00ec r\u1ed1i ren kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng v\u1edbi t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i ( T\u00e2y S\u01a1n) d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c thay \u0111\u1ed5i tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i L\u00ea, Tr\u1ecbnh. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1eddi to l\u1edbn \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn \u1edf t\u00ean s\u00e1ch c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a : Tang th\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u1eabu l\u1ee5c (http:\/\/hoangthantai.vn\/index.php?topic=4275.0)c\u1ee7a hai","t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 Ph\u1ea1m \u0110\u00ecnh H\u1ed5 (1768 \u2013 1839) v\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1n (+1815), m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 l\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XIX(27). Ta g\u1eb7p \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 h\u00e0nh tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a Ph\u1ea1m Vi\u00ean, Th\u00e0nh \u0110\u1ea1o T\u1eed c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec7 quan l\u1ea1i, nho sinh t\u1eeb tr\u00ean v\u1ecb tr\u00ed x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i cao c\u1ea5p khi\u1ebfn d\u1ea5u \u1ea5n Nho Gi\u00e1o g\u00e2y cho d\u00f2ng ph\u00f9 th\u1ee7y m\u1edbi n\u00e0y m\u1ed9t n\u00e9t th\u1ea7n ti\u00ean c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c th\u1eadt h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi d\u00e2n ch\u00fang. C\u00e1c ph\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea1o N\u1ed9i, ngo\u00e0i nh\u1eefng nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf v\u1ee5n v\u1eb7t, c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i ri\u00eang m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng (N\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ea1o Tr\u00e0ng) c\u1ee7a Ph\u1ea1m \u0110\u00ecnh H\u1ed5 S\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a tri\u1ec1u Nguy\u1ec5n \u0111em l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 m\u1ea1nh cho phong tr\u00e0o nh\u01b0 ta th\u1ea5y \u1edf s\u00e1ch H\u1ed9i ch\u00e2n bi\u00ean (1847)(28). \u1ede \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng ta g\u1eb7p c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt th\u1ea7n ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00e9p trong c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch v\u1ec1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e0 c\u00f2n th\u1ea5y b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n th\u1ea7n linh r\u1ea3i r\u00e1c qua nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ec7n tranh gi\u00e0nh, chinh ph\u1ee5c l\u1eabn nhau, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 vi\u1ec7c gi\u00e1o ch\u1ee7 th\u1ea7y ph\u00e1p th\u1eafng tr\u1eadn \u1edf v\u00f9ng T\u00e2y S\u01a1n ( N\u01a1i \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u00f4ng \u201c th\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u01b0\u201d kh\u00e1c: Nguy\u1ec5n Nh\u1ea1c). D\u1ea5u v\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecba l\u00ed khu v\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1o N\u1ed9i c\u0169ng hi\u1ec7n r\u00f5 khi\u1ebfn ta nh\u1eadn ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u00f9ng d\u00f2ng th\u1eddi gian ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 t\u1eadp h\u1ecdp Trong H\u1ed9i ch\u00e2n bi\u00ean, tuy t\u1ed5 s\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ti\u00ean \u00f4ng ( Ch\u1eed \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u1eed) nh\u01b0ng t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 nam th\u1ea7n ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 13 so v\u1edbi 14 th\u1ea7n n\u1eef m\u00e0 k\u1ec1 sau T\u1ed5 s\u01b0 l\u00e0 Li\u1ec5u H\u1ea1nh. Th\u1ea7n xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n kh\u00e1 l\u00e2u, t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XVI n\u1ebfu tin theo l\u00ed l\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a k\u1ebb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tin l\u00e0 th\u1ea7n gi\u00e1ng th\u1ebf (1557). \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e1ng l\u01b0u \u00fd \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i k\u00e9o d\u00e0i v\u1ec1 sau c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1ecb Quan \u00c2m Nam H\u1ea3i, Th\u00e1nh N\u01b0\u01a1ng, Thi\u00ean phi t\u1eeb bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5 v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5t Vi\u1ec7t t\u1ea1o n\u00ean h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 ng\u00f4i v\u1ecb n\u1eef th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a Li\u1ec5u H\u1ea1nh. \u0110o\u00e0n Th\u1ecb \u0110i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a ghi th\u00eam m\u1ed9t n\u1eef th\u1ea7n bi\u1ec3n c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ch\u1ebft v\u00ec hi\u1ebfn t\u1ebf cho th\u1ea7n bi\u1ec3n g\u1ed1c. Khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00f4n sung th\u1ea7n bi\u1ec3n n\u1eef \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng uy th\u1ebf cho c\u00e1c n\u1eef th\u1ea7n c\u1ee9u n\u1ea1n kh\u00e1c: D\u00e2n ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 t\u00f4n n\u1eef th\u1ea7n tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t b\u1ebfn s\u00f4ng Ti\u00ean H\u01b0ng ( Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh) trong \u0111\u1ec1n Ti\u00ean La l\u00e0 B\u00e1t N\u1ea1n (c\u1ee9u n\u1ea1n) T\u01b0\u1edbng qu\u00e2n, l\u1ea1i c\u00f2n ch\u01b0a b\u1eb1ng l\u00f2ng v\u1edbi danh hi\u1ec7u phi\u1ebfm ch\u1ec9 \u1ea5y n\u00ean theo tr\u00e0o l\u01b0u h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng H\u00f9ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ecfa r\u1ed9ng m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a B\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a hai B\u00e0 v\u1edbi t\u00ean l\u00e0 Tr\u1ea7n Th\u1ecb Th\u1ee5c T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t bi\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a Li\u1ec5u H\u1ea1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5y qua nhi\u1ec1u truy\u1ec7n t\u00edch tuy c\u00f3 h\u01a1i m\u1edd nh\u1ea1t \u0111i n\u01a1i v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t g\u1ed1c t\u00f4n s\u00f9ng B\u00e0: L\u00e0ng V\u00e2n C\u00e1t c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec7n Ph\u1ee7 Gi\u1ea7y tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t nam \u0110\u1ecbnh thu\u1ed9c v\u00f9ng th\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a trung ch\u00e2u m\u00e0 g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 hai \u0111\u1ec1n ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Tri\u1ec7u Quang Ph\u1ee5c, L\u00ed Ph\u1eadt T\u1eed, nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec1 li\u00ean can \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ea1n n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1edd nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i c\u1eeda bi\u1ec3n b\u00e2y gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e3 n\u1eb1m trong \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n. Nh\u01b0ng t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t bi\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a Li\u1ec5u H\u1ea1nh kh\u00f4ng nhi\u1ec1u nh\u01b0 v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n g\u1ed1c m\u00e0 b\u00e0 tho\u00e1t thai. Li\u1ec5u H\u1ea1nh l\u00e0 B\u00e0 Ch\u00faa x\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ea5t B\u1eafc mang d\u1ea1nh h\u00ecnh Vi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a B\u00e0 Ch\u00faa X\u1ee9 ph\u00eda Nam, nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi B\u00e0 H\u1eadu Th\u1ed5 tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia. T\u00ednh hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 vay m\u01b0\u1ee3n m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa khi\u1ebfn cho Li\u1ec5u H\u1ea1nh c\u00f3 m\u00e0u s\u1eafc \u0110\u1ea1o Gi\u00e1o v\u1edbi vai tr\u00f2 con Ng\u1ecdc Ho\u00e0ng, \u201ct\u00e1i sinh\u201d trong nh\u00e0 h\u1ecd L\u00ea\u2026 Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00fang l\u00e0 th\u1ea7n Thi\u00ean Y \u0111\u00e3 \u1ea9n gi\u1ea5u sau h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh hai t\u00f9y n\u1eef c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7n Vi\u1ec7t: Ng\u1ecdc H\u01b0\u01a1ng g\u1ed9p h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3o tr\u1ee3 ng\u1ecdc trai, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i khi Thi\u00ean Y Vi\u1ec7t h\u00f3a tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t \u0110\u00e0ng trong (ch\u00faa Ng\u1ecdc), k\u00e8m theo ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00f4n qu\u00ed c\u1ee7a m\u00f9i v\u1ecb tr\u1ea7m h\u01b0\u01a1ng \u2013 m\u1ed9t l\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Y, m\u1ed9t qu\u00ed v\u1eadt Thi\u00ean Y b\u1ea3o tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u00e3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a truy\u1ec7n t\u00edch tr\u00ean tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n \u1edf bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng, c\u00f2n n\u1ea5n n\u00e1 n\u01a1i t\u00ean Qu\u1ebf H\u01b0\u01a1ng, t\u00f9y n\u1eef th\u1ee9 hai. Qu\u1ebf thay tr\u1ea7m \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y b\u1edfi v\u00ec trong khu v\u1ef1c d\u01b0\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n L\u00ea-Tr\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 x\u1ee9 Thanh H\u00f3a, do \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng l\u1ea5y l\u00e0m l\u1ea1 l\u00e0 th\u1ea7n c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1edd \u1edf \u0111\u1ec1n S\u00f2ng, Ph\u1ed1 C\u00e1t, r\u1ed3i xa h\u01a1n n\u1eefa v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda \u0111\u00e8o Ngang. C\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 Thi\u00ean Y, Li\u1ec5u H\u1ea1nh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ea7n d\u1eef, Vi\u1ec7t h\u00f3a \u1edf c\u1ea3 kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n (hay t\u00e1c qu\u00e1i m\u00e0 sinh d\u1ecbch) l\u1eabn nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng (ch\u1ebft tr\u1ebb) Th\u1ea7n Thi\u00ean Y h\u00f3a th\u00e2n hai l\u1ea7n tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t B\u1eafc mang s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh tr\u00e0n l\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1edbi. Tang th\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u1eabu l\u1ee5c cho ta bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng sau n\u0103m 1786, v\u1ecb n\u1eef th\u1ea7n n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1edd \u1edf Th\u0103ng Long n\u01a1i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec1n v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a L\u00ea Thu\u1ea7n D\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ed5 s\u01b0, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u1eef th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e3 lan uy th\u1ebf l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn kinh \u0111\u00f4 v\u00e0 l\u1ea5n \u00e1t m\u1ed9t th\u1ea7n \u0110\u1ea1o Gi\u00e1o ch\u00ednh hi\u1ec7u khi\u1ebfn nh\u00e0 nho Ph\u1ea1m \u0110\u00ecnh H\u1ed5 th\u1ea5y hoa v\u00e0ng, h\u00e0i v\u00f3c b\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea7y tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u00e1n trong mi\u1ebfu, ph\u1ea3i u\u1ea5t \u1ee9c tham th\u1edf d\u00f9m cho v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n r\u00e2u ria t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p b\u1ecb tr\u1ee5c xu\u1ea5t, m\u1ea5t tr\u00fa s\u1edf. L\u1ea1i c\u0169ng nh\u00e0 nho n\u00e0y th\u1ea5y Li\u1ec5u H\u1ea1nh l\u1ea5n c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1n t\u1ebf tr\u1eddi Nam Giao (29). \u0110\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eadp ra \u201csau khi nh\u00e0 L\u00ea m\u1ea5t\u201d c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a L\u00e3 Thu\u1ea7n D\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n T\u00e2y S\u01a1n tr\u00e0n ra \u0111\u1ea5t B\u1eafc \u0111em theo \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u00e0ng Trong \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn Thi\u00ean Y Li\u1ec5u H\u1ea1nh mang th\u00eam s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh","c\u00f4ng ph\u00e1 S\u1ef1 l\u1ea5n l\u01b0\u1edbt c\u1ee7a Li\u1ec5u H\u1ea1nh - n\u1eef th\u1ea7n Vi\u1ec7t \u2013 l\u1ea1i mang \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ed5i thay c\u00f3 ch\u1eebng m\u1ef1c quan tr\u1ecdng khi ta th\u1ea5y c\u00e1ch th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng xa, quan ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 thi\u00ean \u0111\u00ecnh, ti\u00ean gi\u1edbi theo khu\u00f4n m\u1eabu trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1eadm n\u00e9t trong \u0111\u1ea7u \u00f3c c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nho c\u00f3 l\u00fac \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e8 b\u1eb9p c\u00e1c th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. V\u1edbi chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 Tham t\u1ee5ng Nguy\u1ec5n C\u00f4ng H\u00e3ng (+1732) th\u00ec th\u1ea7n T\u1ea3n Vi\u00ean cho bi\u1ebft Nam T\u00e0o n\u1eafm quy\u1ec1n sinh t\u1eed ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u01b0 d\u00e2n ch\u00fang v\u1eabn tin \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng con r\u1ec3 H\u00f9ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng. Th\u1ebf m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u1ebfm b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a V\u0110ULT v\u00e0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 truy\u1ec7n Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u00e3i \u1edf Tang th\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u1eabu l\u1ee5c, nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 nho \u1edf th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XVIII, XIX, vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 thi\u00ean \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1 cho Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u00e3i, L\u00ea L\u1ee3i qua c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c n\u1eb1m m\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Tr\u1ea7n Nguy\u00ean H\u00e3n, cho bi\u1ebft v\u1ecb \u201cPhu nh\u00e2n\u201d th\u1ea7n n\u1eef c\u1ee7a n\u00fai Tam \u0110\u1ea3o (ho\u1eb7c b\u00e0 ch\u00faa Ti\u00ean Dung) \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i ch\u1ea7u tr\u1eddi(30). S\u1ef1 dao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Nho s\u0129 trong l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7, s\u1ef1 l\u1ed9ng h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a Li\u1ec5u H\u1ea1nh qua truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft, s\u1ef1 l\u1ea5n l\u01b0\u1edbt \u1edf kinh \u0111\u00f4 qua th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tr\u1ed7i d\u1eady c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u1ea7n du nh\u1eadp, v\u1eeba \u1edf n\u01a1i g\u1ed1c g\u00e1c ( \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng) v\u1eeba \u1edf n\u01a1i b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t (n\u1eef) Vi\u1ec7t (m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng) trong m\u1ed9t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n suy s\u1ee5p c\u1ee7a quy\u1ec1n b\u00ednh n\u1eafm gi\u1eef gi\u1ec1ng m\u1ed1i, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng du nh\u1eadp kia Tuy Ph\u1ea1m \u0110\u00ecnh H\u1ed5 c\u00f3 nh\u1eafc t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1o N\u1ed9i kh\u00e1c \u1edf ph\u00eda b\u1eafc kinh th\u00e0nh, nh\u01b0ng l\u1eddi nh\u1eafc qua loa ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf ph\u00e1i \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng b\u1eb1ng ph\u00e1i \u1edf Thanh H\u00f3a v\u1edbi v\u1ecb t\u1ed5 s\u01b0 Tr\u1ea7n L\u1ed9c \u201cv\u1ed1n l\u00e0m ngh\u1ec1 ph\u00f9 th\u1ee7y\u201d. V\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u1ea1i cho th\u1ea5y t\u1eadp h\u1ecdp Thanh \u2013 Ngh\u1ec7 T\u0129nh v\u1eabn c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t khu v\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9: X\u1ee9 Thanh c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1n b\u00e0 ch\u00faa Li\u1ec5u, Ngh\u1ec7 An c\u00f3 ch\u00e2n nh\u00e2n Ph\u1ea1m Vi\u00ean, H\u00e0 T\u0129nh c\u00f3 th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecba l\u00ed T\u1ea3 Ao Tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1o N\u1ed9i (http:\/\/hoangthantai.vn\/index.php?topic=4275.30 - B\u00e0i 39 v\u00e0 http:\/\/hoangthantai.vn\/index.php?topic=5134.0)\u1edf thanh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ea7y ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u00e1c th\u1ea7n linh \u0110\u1ea1o Gi\u00e1o c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n m\u00e0 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o, tuy r\u1eb1ng k\u1ebb truy\u1ec1n th\u1ee5 \u201cph\u00e9p Ph\u1eadt th\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1eeba\u201d, d\u1eabn d\u1ee5 b\u1eb1ng t\u00f2a sen (th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt) cho t\u1ed5 s\u01b0 Tr\u1ea7n L\u1ed9c l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 \u00f4ng gi\u00e0 n\u00fai Na mang d\u1ea1ng ti\u00ean th\u00e1nh. Do \u0111\u00f3 d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft Ph\u1eadt n\u1eb7ng h\u01a1n ti\u00ean th\u00e1nh: T\u1ed5 s\u01b0 Tr\u1ea7n L\u1ed9c l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt T\u1ed5 Nh\u01b0 Lai, c\u00f3 th\u1ee9 b\u1ef1c ph\u00eda d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng T\u00f4n th\u00e1nh v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t d\u01b0\u1edbi n\u1eefa l\u00e0 B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t, Kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng, Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, Trung, H\u1ea1 th\u1eb7ng (th\u1eeba), Minh s\u01b0 (danh hi\u1ec7u c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng l\u1edbn \u1edf ph\u00eda nam \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t)\u2026Tuy nhi\u00ean nh\u1eefng danh hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng che gi\u1ea5u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p thu\u1eadt s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng xa l\u1ea1 v\u1edbi t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o n\u00e0y, d\u00f9 l\u00e0 \u1edf c\u00e1c tong ph\u00e1i l\u1ec7ch l\u1ea1c nh\u1ea5t: T\u1ed5 s\u01b0 b\u1eaft quy\u1ebft tr\u1eeb y\u00eau, \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ea5m ng\u1ef1c ni\u1ec7m ch\u00fa tr\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh , c\u00f2n ph\u00e1i N\u1ed9i \u1edf Kinh B\u1eafc th\u00ec ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh b\u1eb1ng tr\u01b0\u1ee3ng (roi d\u00e2u?) T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea1o N\u1ed9i v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n, th\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a t\u1eadp h\u1ecdp n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ec3 trong H\u1ed9i ch\u00e2n bi\u00ean xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u chi ti\u1ebft h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a Ph\u1ea1m \u0110\u00ecnh H\u1ed5. H\u1ed9i ch\u00e2n bi\u00ean xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n sau v\u00ec c\u00f3 d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng b\u1ed3i \u0111\u1eafp v\u1ec1 sau (kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec in 1847 c\u1ee7a s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y \u2013 x\u00e9t tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c tr\u1ea1ng in \u1ea5n, ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi x\u01b0a) nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 s\u1eb3n m\u00e0 Ph\u1ea1m \u0110\u00ecnh H\u1ed5 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u1ea1i cu\u1ed9c ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft s\u01a1 qua v\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i thu\u1eadt k\u0129. D\u00f9 sao th\u00ec nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o t\u1eadp h\u1ecdp \u0111\u1ea1o N\u1ed9i \u1edf Thanh H\u00f3a c\u0169ng khi\u1ebfn ta ngh\u0129 t\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1o Cao \u0110\u00e0i sau n\u00e0y, khi lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t do th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn. C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ec3, trong m\u1ed9t ch\u1eebng m\u1ef1c n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh d\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u201c\u00d4ng \u0110\u1ea1o\u201d x\u1ee9 Nam k\u00ec sau n\u00e0y Tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1o N\u1ed9i Thanh cho r\u1eb1ng ph\u00e1i m\u00ecnh xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 th\u1ee9 XVII, ch\u1ee9ng minh s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u1edbi nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt l\u1ecbch s\u1eed L\u00ea Th\u1ea7n T\u00f4ng (gi\u1eef ng\u00f4i 1619 \u2013 43, 1649 \u2013 65) m\u1ed9t \u00f4ng vua c\u00f3 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi th\u1eadt bi th\u1ea3m v\u00ec l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3n kh\u00e1ng h\u1ecd Tr\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00e9 tr\u00e1nh c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft, ch\u1ecbu k\u00e9o d\u00e0i cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng nh\u1eabn nh\u1ee5c. C\u00f3 l\u1ebd v\u00ec t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u s\u1eed quan ch\u00ea l\u00e0 \u201c m\u00ea l\u1ea7m Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o\u201d v\u00e0 sinh ra ch\u1ee9ng b\u1ec7nh l\u1ea1(?) khi\u1ebfn th\u1ea7y ph\u00e1p Thanh \u2013 Ngh\u1ec7 cho r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eddi ra kinh ch\u1eefa cho vua. M\u00ea Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o th\u00ec c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u1edf ch\u00f9a Th\u1ea7y l\u00e0m ch\u1ee9ng t\u00edch c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c x\u00e2y c\u1ea5t \u1edf \u0111\u00f3, nh\u01b0ng m\u1eafc b\u1ec7nh cu\u1ed3ng ph\u1ea3i v\u1eddi th\u1ea7y ph\u00e1p ch\u1eefa th\u00ec ch\u00ednh s\u1eed kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i, tuy c\u00f3 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp l\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian \u201cng\u01b0ng ngh\u1ec9\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m Th\u00e1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u00e0ng c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00f3a (l\u00e0m h\u1eadu th\u00e2n) v\u1edbi \u00f4ng vua cu\u1ed3ng L\u00ed Th\u1ea7n T\u00f4ng c\u0169ng th\u1edd \u1edf ch\u00f9a Th\u1ea7y, n\u01a1i T\u1eeb \u0110\u1ea1o h\u1ea1nh h\u00f3a ki\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ed1i nghi\u1ec7p cho h\u1ecd L\u00ed S\u1ef1 xung \u0111\u1ed9t c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea1o N\u1ed9i v\u1edbi Li\u1ec5u H\u1ea1nh ( http:\/\/daomauvietnam.com\/index.php\/hoat-dong-","nghien-cuu\/60-hoi-thao-khoa-hoc-di-tich-lich-su-van-hoa-phu-quang-cung\/302-moi-quan-he-giua- mau-lieu-va-noi-dao-trang.html) m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t l\u00e0 b\u1edfi b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t ma thu\u1eadt tr\u1ea5n \u00e1p c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ea7y ph\u00e1p, m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u00e1ng n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba v\u00e0 bi\u1ec3n kh\u01a1i. T\u1ed5 s\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea1o N\u1ed9i th\u1ee5 ph\u00e1p m\u1ed9t \u00f4ng ti\u00ean tr\u00ean n\u00fai, \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eafn tr\u1eeb (9 hay 11 \u00f4ng) th\u1ea7n Nam H\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m s\u00f3ng b\u1ed1c cao, l\u1eadt \u00fap thuy\u1ec1n b\u00e8, th\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 10\/12 ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecf ch\u1ea1y tr\u1ed1n v\u00e0o S\u00f9ng S\u01a1n n\u01a1i th\u1edd Li\u1ec5u H\u1ea1nh. Sao kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9c x\u00e1c th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Y? V\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u00edch c\u0169ng ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf \u1edf n\u01a1i n\u00e0y Li\u1ec5u H\u1ea1nh c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u00f3m th\u1ea7y ph\u00e1p kia L\u1ea1i c\u0169ng t\u1eeb v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t ph\u00eda nam \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t c\u1ed5 n\u1ea3y sinh m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea1o c\u0169ng ph\u00f4 b\u00e0y quy\u1ec1n ph\u00e9p c\u00f3 chi ti\u1ebft thi\u00ean Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o nh\u01b0ng d\u00e1ng d\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea1o th\u1ea7n ti\u00ean r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t Nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt ch\u00e2n nh\u00e2n Ph\u1ea1m Vi\u00ean (http:\/\/hoangthantai.vn\/index.php?topic=4275.15 b\u00e0i 21)\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 c\u00f3 qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1ea3n qu\u00e1n r\u00e0nh r\u1ebd (x\u00e3 An B\u00e0i, Ngh\u1ec7 An) nh\u01b0ng h\u00e0nh tung th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gian n\u00ean tha h\u1ed3 ph\u00e1t sinh nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ec7n li\u00ean k\u1ebft \u00f4ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn ch\u00e2n nh\u00e2n th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t khu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t th\u1ea7n ti\u00ean Vi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng h\u00ecnh phi\u00eau h\u1ed1t, h\u01b0 th\u1ef1c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch quy\u1ebfn r\u0169. C\u00f3 cha l\u00e0m th\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u01b0 (?) \u1edf kinh \u0111\u00f4, l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 th\u1ea7y h\u1ee5t c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n C\u00f4ng Ho\u00e0n (http:\/\/hoangthantai.vn\/index.php? topic=4275.15 b\u00e0i 21)(cha c\u1ee7a Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u01b0 Nguy\u1ec5n B\u00e1 L\u00e2n 1701-1785), th\u1ea7y m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u1ecdng Th\u01b0\u1eddng ( http:\/\/hoangthantai.vn\/index.php?topic=4275.15 b\u00e0i 23)t\u1eebng \u0111i s\u1ee9 T\u00e0u, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 k\u1ebb t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i l\u00e0m th\u1ea7y Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Th\u01b0 L\u00ea H\u1eefu Ki\u1ec1u (1691-1760)\u2026 H\u1ed9i Ch\u00e2n Bi\u00ean th\u00eam nhi\u1ec1u chi ti\u1ebft nh\u01b0 th\u1eadt h\u01a1n: \u00d4ng c\u00f3 cha l\u00e0 Ph\u1ea1m Ch\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1ed7 Ho\u00e0ng gi\u00e1p n\u0103m 1652, nh\u01b0ng ta c\u0169ng n\u00ean l\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng V\u0169 Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ec1 (n\u1eeda \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XVIII) trong C\u00f4ng d\u01b0 ti\u1ec7p k\u00ed kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t ch\u00e2n nh\u00e2n n\u00e0o t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf c\u1ea3. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 quan ni\u1ec7m L\u00e3o Trang v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh b\u00f3ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1o s\u0129 v\u1eabn hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t, nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng t\u1ed9t ch\u1ec9 x\u1ea3y ra v\u00e0o n\u1eeda sau th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XVIII. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c nho s\u0129 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1c quan tin t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1t b\u1eb1ng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng khoa c\u1eed, l\u00e0m quan \u1edf m\u1ed9t tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh tuy c\u00f3 h\u01a1i kh\u00e1c l\u1ea1 ( \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 vua c\u00f2n c\u00f3 ch\u00faa) nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh tr\u00f4i ch\u1ea3y. Hi\u1ec7n t\u00ecnh bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf cho ta th\u1ea5y tr\u00e0o l\u01b0u \u0110\u1ea1o Gi\u00e1o bao quanh h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh m\u1ed9t ch\u00e2n nh\u00e2n Ph\u1ea1m Vi\u00ean c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch \u201ctri th\u1ee9c\u201d r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t S\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a quan l\u1ea1i nho s\u0129 L\u00ea Tr\u1ecbnh b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 sa s\u00fat quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a ch\u00faa Tr\u1ecbnh t\u1eeb th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 30 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XVIII, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c n\u1ed5i d\u1eady c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng h\u1ecd nh\u00e0 L\u00ea ( l\u00ea Duy Ch\u1ee9c, L\u00ea Duy M\u1eadt) v\u00e0 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a m\u00e0 ng\u00e0y nay ta quen g\u1ecdi \u201cn\u00f4ng d\u00e2n\u201d, th\u1ef1c ra l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a nho s\u0129 c\u1ea5p th\u1ea5p l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o, khi\u1ebfn n\u1ea3y ra nh\u1eefng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea5t th\u1ebf, b\u1ebf t\u1eafc \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ebfn th\u00e2n nh\u01b0 Ph\u1ea1m Th\u1ea5u, con v\u1ecb \u0111\u00f4ng c\u00e1c b\u00e0 con v\u1edbi Nguy\u1ec5n C\u00f4ng H\u00e3n (http:\/\/hoangthantai.vn\/index.php?topic=4275.0 - b\u00e0i 10), k\u1ebb b\u1ecb gi\u1ebft v\u00ec m\u1ed1i tranh ch\u1ea5p trong tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh. Cha theo L\u00ea Duy M\u1eadt b\u1ecb gi\u1ebft, Ph\u1ea1m Th\u1ea5u \u201cb\u1ecb c\u1ea5m b\u1ecf kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u2026 u\u1ed1ng r\u01b0\u1ee3u li b\u00ec, rong ch\u01a1i s\u01a1n th\u1ee7y\u201d b\u1ec7 r\u1ea1c t\u1edbi m\u1ee9c l\u00ea l\u1ebft ngo\u00e0i ch\u1ee3 \u201c\u00e1o r\u00e1ch ch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng\u201d, c\u00f2n ng\u00e2m v\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0ng \u201c cho r\u01b0\u1ee3u kh\u00f4ng t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i\u201d, ng\u1ee7 nh\u00e0 quan huy\u1ec7n m\u00e0 \u201c c\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 ch\u00e2n l\u1ea5m, m\u1eddi \u0111i r\u1eeda nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng nghe\u201d. Tri\u1ec1u l\u00ea s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5, t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng ai c\u00f2n r\u1ea3nh rang \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, nh\u01b0ng t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c Qu\u1ed1c l\u00e3o Nguy\u1ec5n Ho\u00e0n ng\u1edd Ph\u1ea1m bi\u1ebft ti\u00ean ph\u00e9p, m\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u01a1i \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecfi, b\u1ecb t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i, th\u00ec s\u1ef1 m\u1ea5t t\u00edch \u1ea5y d\u1ec5 t\u1ea1o c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi nh\u01b0 Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1n \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t d\u1ea5u h\u1ecfi v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi sau ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t \u00f4ng ti\u00ean n\u1eefa M\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c h\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 th\u1eadt v\u00ec m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 Tang th\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u1eabu l\u1ee5c c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng c\u1edb x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn qua ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f9ng l\u00e0ng. \u00d4ng n\u00e0y ti\u1ebfn xa h\u01a1n Ph\u1ea1m Th\u1ea5u trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i quen thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ec3 v\u00e0o c\u00f5i lung linh phi\u00eau h\u1ed1t v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng quy\u1ec1n ph\u00e9p n\u00f3i l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n t\u1eeb ch\u00e2n nh\u00e2n Ph\u1ea1m Vi\u00ean, v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u00edch b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n th\u00ec nh\u01b0 c\u00e1i c\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa l\u1edbp ph\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u0129 tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1m ph\u00f9 th\u1ee7y ki\u1ebfm \u0103n \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi:Th\u00e0nh \u0110\u1ea1o T\u1eed (http:\/\/hoangthantai.vn\/index.php?topic=4275.0 b\u00e0i 13). \u201c\u00d4ng th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o\u201d, h\u1eb3n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00ean th\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 v\u1eady nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed7 h\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ebfn, thep Ph\u1ea1m Vi\u00ean bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p tr\u1eeb t\u00e0 ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 v\u00ec mang d\u1ea5u \u1ea5n th\u1ea7y ph\u00e1p n\u00ean kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o c\u00f5i linh thi\u00eang c\u00f3 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n Th\u00e0nh \u0110\u1ea1o T\u1eed tr\u1eeb t\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch b\u1ea3o ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e2n b\u1eaft c\u00f3c treo l\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 \u1ebfm d\u1ecda ma; ch\u00e2n nh\u00e2n Ph\u1ea1m Vi\u00ean th\u1eed h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u1ea5u m\u00f3n \u0103n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb l\u00ean ba, nh\u1eafm r\u01b0\u1ee3u v\u1edbi chu\u1ed9t ch\u1ebft, c\u00e1c c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n mang","t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1edbng, c\u00f3 h\u01a1i h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0110\u1ea1o l\u1eabn Ph\u1eadt (thi\u1ec1n). N\u00e9t nho \u0111\u1eadm \u1edf h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh Ch\u00e2n nh\u00e2n tr\u00eau gh\u1eb9o ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng thi, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u th\u00eam l\u00e0 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch tinh ranh qu\u00e1i \u00e1c kh\u00f4ng b\u1ed9c l\u1ed9 m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111e d\u1ecda ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo m\u1ed9t t\u1ea7m m\u1ee9c b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng. Cho n\u00ean, d\u00f9 kho\u00e1c \u00e1o con \u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u01b0, \u0111\u1ed7 ho\u00e0ng gi\u00e1p, ch\u00e2n nh\u00e2n v\u1eabn c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1m ph\u00f9 th\u1ee7y nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 phe c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. H\u1ecd h\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 b\u00e2y gi\u1edd n\u1ebfu ta tin \u1edf quan s\u00e1t c\u1ee7a V\u0169 Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ec1 v\u00e0 \u0110o\u00e0n Th\u1ecb \u0110i\u1ec3m. C\u00f2n trong d\u00e2n ch\u00fang th\u00ec v\u1eabn c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ea9m sinh v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd nh\u01b0 chuy\u1ec7n v\u00e0o l\u00fac \u0111ang thi th\u00ec gi\u1eefa ch\u1ee3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u00e0 l\u00e3o t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng nh\u1ea3y ra, \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u01b0ng l\u00e0 ti\u00ean tr\u00ean tr\u1eddi xu\u1ed1ng, m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ecf gay, \u0111\u1ea7u l\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3o n\u00f3i r\u00f5 t\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd \u0111\u1eadu (31) Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i, s\u1ef1 h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u0129 \/ ph\u1ee7 th\u1ee7y \/ \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ed1t \u1edf cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XVIII c\u00f3 d\u00e1ng k\u1ebft th\u00e0nh v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 sau. \u1ede H\u1ed9i Ch\u00e2n Bi\u00ean, Ph\u1ea1m Vi\u00ean, Th\u00e0nh \u0110\u1ea1o T\u1eed, Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1o N\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 ng\u1ed3i chung v\u1edbi nhau trong m\u1ed9t t\u00ean s\u00e1ch n\u00f3i r\u00f5 s\u1ef1 t\u1eadp h\u1ecdp \u1ea5y. T\u00e0 Li\u1ec5u H\u1ea1nh b\u1ecb th\u1ea7y ph\u00e1p ( ph\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea1o N\u1ed9i) \u0111\u00e1nh thua ( v\u00ec c\u00f2n mang d\u00e1nh h\u00ecnh ngo\u1ea1i lai?) nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea5t uy th\u1ebf nh\u1edd Ph\u1eadt c\u1ee9u, cho l\u00e0m v\u00e3i \u2013 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft n\u1ea1p v\u00e0o t\u1eadp h\u1ecdp. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft g\u1ecdn nh\u1eb9 nh\u1ea5t cho s\u1ef1 h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0o h\u1ed9i Ti\u00ean Vi\u1ec7t trong th\u1eddi gian c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb d\u01b0\u1edbi tri\u1ec1u Nguy\u1ec5n, Nh\u01b0ng trung t\u00e2m Nho Gi\u00e1o mang t\u00ednh duy l\u00ed, c\u00f3 b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eddi v\u1ec1 Hu\u1ebf - m\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y n\u00f3 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 c\u1ee9ng r\u1eafn ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea7n linh tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t Ch\u00e0m c\u0169, c\u00f2n Th\u0103ng Long tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i qua H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n th\u1eddi x\u01b0a, l\u1ea1i b\u1ed9c l\u1ed9 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c suy t\u00e0n tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y qua th\u01a1 v\u0103n. T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t ng\u1eadp ng\u1eebng, c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c r\u00e3 r\u1eddi ch\u00e1n n\u1ea3n \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t l\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c d\u00f9 sao c\u0169ng l\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a x\u1ee9 s\u1edf khi\u1ebfn cho c\u00e1c tin t\u01b0\u1edfng b\u00ecnh d\u00e2n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd h\u01a1n tr\u00ean c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n. N\u00e9t th\u1ea7y ph\u00e1p \u2013 \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ed1t tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u01b0u th\u1ebf trong t\u1eadp h\u1ecdp ti\u00ean th\u00e1nh v\u00e0 c\u00e0ng l\u00fac c\u00e0ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ed3n t\u1ea1p v\u00e0o giai \u0111o\u1ea1n tan r\u00e3 ti\u1ebfp, cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XIX, \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XX. Th\u1ea7n th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb b\u00ean trong l\u0169y tre l\u00e0ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c \u00f4ng th\u00e0nh ho\u00e0ng, m\u00e0 nh\u1edd c\u00f3 ch\u00fat \u00edt l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft vay m\u01b0\u1ee3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n, c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng khu v\u1ef1c r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn, s\u1ebd lu\u1ed3n v\u00e0o chi\u1ebfm c\u00e1c n\u01a1i th\u1edd t\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc trung \u01b0\u01a1ng, c\u00e0ng l\u00fac c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u theo \u0111\u00e0 suy s\u1ee5p c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1ea5y. H\u1ecd s\u1ebd l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n n\u01a1i sunh ho\u1ea1t th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean m\u00e0 ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eadp th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tr\u00fa s\u1edf cho c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y ph\u00e1p, \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ed1t c\u00e1c \u0110i\u1ec7n, Ph\u1ee7 Ch\u00fa th\u00edch: (26) \u0110o\u00e0n Th\u1ecb \u0110i\u1ec3m \u2013 T\u00e2n bi\u00ean Truy\u1ec1n k\u00ec m\u1ea1n l\u1ee5c, b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i , 1962, b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch S\u00e0i G\u00f2n 1962 (27) Ph\u1ea1m \u0110\u00ecnh H\u1ed5 - Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1n, Tang th\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u1eabu l\u1ee5c ( \u0110\u1ea1m Nguy\u00ean d\u1ecbch, Saigon 1962), tr 54- 56 v\u1ec1 Th\u00e0nh \u0110\u1ea1o T\u1eed, tr 100-103 v\u1ec1 N\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ea1o Tr\u00e0ng, trang 152-153 v\u1ec1 Ph\u1ea1m Vi\u00ean, tr,220-222 v\u1ec1 Ph\u1ea1m Th\u1ea5u (28) Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Huy\u00ean, Le culte des Immortels Annam (Hanoi 1944) (29) Ph\u1ea1m \u0110\u00ecnh H\u1ed5, s\u0111d, tr.168-169 (30) V\u0110ULT, tr 126-127; Tang th\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u1eabu l\u1ee5c, tr.42, tr.112-114 (31) V\u0169 Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ec1, C\u00f4ng d\u01b0 ti\u1ec7p k\u00ed, T.I (T\u00f4 Nam Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u00ecnh Di\u1ec7m d\u1ecbch, Saigon 1961), tr.49,103. \u0110o\u00e0n Th\u1ecb \u0110i\u1ec3m, s\u0111d (b\u1ea3n Hanoi d\u1ecbch 1962) tr.67","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng VIII :S\u1ef0 PH\u1ed0I H\u1ee2P TH\u1ea6N LINH \u1ede \u0110\u00c0NG TRONG I.V\u1eca TR\u00cd \u0110\u00c0NG TRONG TRONG S\u1ef0 B\u00c0NH TR\u01af\u1edaNG V\u1ec0 NAM C\u1ee6A NG\u01af\u1edcI VI\u1ec6T T\u00ean \u0110\u00e0ng Trong (c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u0110\u00e0ng Ngo\u00e0i) h\u1eb3n ch\u1ec9 ra \u0111\u1eddi sau cu\u1ed9c ph\u00e2n tranh Tr\u1ecbnh Nguy\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh, tuy nhi\u00ean v\u00ec kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng li\u00ean l\u1ea1c gi\u1eefa hai v\u00f9ng Nam \u2013 B\u1eafc y\u1ebfu k\u00e9m so v\u1edbi chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00ean ch\u00faa Nguy\u1ec5n ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 k\u1ebb \u0111\u00e3 mang \u00fd ch\u00ed ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t ra khai th\u00e1c th\u00eam t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t ph\u00e2n li ti\u1ec1m t\u00e0ng. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean ta c\u0169ng bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XI, nh\u00e0 L\u00ed \u0111\u00e3 hai l\u1ea7n v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ebfn Ch\u00e0 B\u00e0n\/Vijaya, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfn binh, c\u1ee7a l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t t\u1eadp trung trong nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed9t k\u00edch \u0111\u00e1nh ph\u00e1, c\u01b0\u1edbp c\u1ee7a b\u1eaft ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c ti\u1ebfn qu\u00e2n chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u00f3ng. Cho m\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f2n quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a L\u00ea Th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ng 1471. S\u1ef1 suy y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n Chi\u00eam Th\u00e0nh l\u00e0m tr\u1ed1ng quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c \u1edf nh\u1eefng khu v\u1ef1c ngo\u1ea1i bi\u00ean k\u1ec1 c\u1eadn \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t, d\u1ecdn ch\u1ed7 cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n xi\u00eau l\u1ea1c v\u00ec thi\u00ean tai, v\u00ec tr\u1ed1n tr\u00e1nh \u00e1p b\u1ee9c, ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt tu\u00f4ng ra \u0111i t\u00ecm c\u01a1 s\u1edf m\u1edbi. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n di chuy\u1ec3n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f4i ch\u00e2n m\u00e0 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc thuy\u1ec1n n\u1ebfu ta nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c d\u00e3y n\u00fai \u0111\u00e2m ngang ra bi\u1ec3n \u2013 Ho\u00e0nh S\u01a1n, H\u1ea3i V\u00e2n, \u0110\u1ea1i L\u00e3nh. Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c thuy\u1ec1n \u0111i d\u1ecdc bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t tuy h\u00ecnh ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00fai t\u00f3c tr\u00ean v\u00e1ch h\u00e0nh lang ngo\u00e0i c\u1eeda \u0111\u1ec1n Bayon \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n thuy\u1ec1n Vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ch\u00e0m m\u01b0\u1edbn(1) v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng th\u1ef1c trong c\u00e1c chuy\u1ebfn ra nh\u1eefng qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o, h\u1ed3i c\u00e1c th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XVII, XVIII. Ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o s\u0129 l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00e0y, cho\u00e1ng ng\u1ee3p v\u1edbi thuy\u1ec1n chi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u00faa, nh\u01b0ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ec9 l\u01b0u \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n tr\u00ean bi\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n th\u01b0\u1eddng, d\u00f9 l\u00e0 gi\u00e0u c\u00f3. Do v\u1eady, ta ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn chi\u1ebfc ghe b\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i nhi\u1ec1u \u1edf ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea5t ph\u00eda Nam trong c\u00e1c c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n di chuy\u1ec3n, chi\u1ebfc ghe \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ed1t c\u00e1n c\u1ee7a thu\u1ef7 qu\u00e2n T\u00e2y S\u01a1n v\u00e0o n\u1eeda sau th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XVIII v\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, tr\u01b0\u1edbc 1945. Thuy\u1ec1n s\u01b0\u1eddn g\u1ed7, c\u00f3 bu\u1ed3m, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f3ng cho T\u00e2y S\u01a1n th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3 voi, nh\u01b0ng trong kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng d\u00e2n d\u1ee5ng th\u00ec r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 v\u1edbi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i li\u1ec1n Nam \u2013 B\u1eafc. D\u00f2 theo c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u gia ph\u1ea3 r\u1ea3i r\u00e1c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft, ta th\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u0111i v\u1ec1 nam theo t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc \u201cc\u00f3c nh\u1ea3y\u201d v\u00e0i tr\u0103m c\u00e2y s\u1ed1 v\u1edbi giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ng\u01b0ng ngh\u1ec9 l\u1eadp nghi\u1ec7p. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ean v\u00f9ng c\u1ed5 \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed5 v\u00e0o B\u00ecnh Tr\u1ecb Thi\u00ean. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ed5 v\u00e0o khu v\u1ef1c Nam Trung B\u1ed9, \u1edf ph\u1ea7n cu\u1ed1i l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng l\u1ea5n v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5t m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ebfn ng\u01b0ng ngh\u1ec9, ch\u1ee9ng c\u1edb n\u01a1i c\u1eeda Du\u1ed3ng (Yu\u00f4n: Vi\u1ec7t) \u1edf B\u00ecnh Thu\u1eadn. B\u00ean trong c\u00f2n t\u1eadp h\u1ecdp Ch\u00e0m \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fac v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n lay l\u1eaft nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea9y ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecf qua m\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t \u0110\u1ed3ng Nai r\u1ed3i l\u1ea1i t\u1ea5p v\u00e0o d\u1ecdc bi\u1ec3n Kampuchia. D\u00f2ng h\u1ecd Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u00f4ng tr\u00e1nh lo\u1ea1n T\u00e2y S\u01a1n v\u00e0o Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XVIII. C\u00f2n B\u00e0 R\u1ecba m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba danh c\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u1ea5y t\u1eeb danh x\u01b0ng th\u1ea7n Po Riyak c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t b\u00e0 t\u00ean R\u1ecba t\u1eeb Ph\u00fa Y\u00ean \/ B\u00ecnh \u0110\u1ecbnh \u0111i v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 l\u1eadp nghi\u1ec7p. Truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 th\u00eam v\u1edbi x\u00e2y c\u1ea5t k\u1ec9 ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Vi\u1ec5n \u0110\u00f4ng B\u00e1c C\u1ed5 nh\u01b0ng r\u00f5 l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u1ea3nh h\u1ed3i \u1ee9c c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee3t di d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a n\u01a1i xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t v\u00e0 n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ebfn. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, ch\u00faa Nguy\u1ec5n khi n\u1eafm ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n \u0110\u00e0ng Trong \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1m chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u01b0a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng \u0110\u1ed3ng Nai, C\u1eedu Long c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 trung h\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 n\u00e2ng cao Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t trung t\u00e2m n\u1eefa c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t tr\u00ean ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea5t h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XVII. V\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n Vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1eb7t \u1edf Thu\u1eadn Ho\u00e1, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t th\u00eam \u01b0u th\u1ebf \u00e1p \u0111\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c y\u1ebfu \u1edbt tr\u00ean v\u00f9ng Ch\u00e0m, Angkor h\u00f9ng m\u1ea1nh c\u0169 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t","tri\u1ec3n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng di chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eebng \u0111\u1ee3t nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 Nguy\u1ec5n, H\u00e0Ti\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t Singapour tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n. Nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t v\u00ec s\u1ef1 khu\u00f4n n\u1eafn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1eadp h\u1ecdp \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 n\u00fai ng\u0103n c\u00e1ch, m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t v\u00ec s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3n v\u1edbi th\u1eddi gian c\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t, n\u00ean t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t khu v\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ra \u0111\u1eadm n\u00e9t kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 b\u1edfi y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecba l\u00ed m\u00e0 c\u00f2n b\u1edfi y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed n\u1eefa. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t v\u1eabn mang d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft chung c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp l\u01b0u d\u00e2n nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t cho t\u1eebng v\u00f9ng, b\u1edfi ch\u00ednh c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng trong th\u1eddi gian ng\u01b0ng ngh\u1ec9. Trung t\u00e2m \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t ph\u00eda b\u1eafc v\u1eabn ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n theo h\u01b0\u1edbng nho gi\u00e1o ho\u00e1, n\u00ean t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng l\u1edbp di d\u00e2n m\u1edbi v\u1edbi t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch t\u1eebng \u0111\u1ee3t, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ea5t \u0110\u00e0ng Trong v\u1eabn l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng trung t\u00e2m v\u0103n ho\u00e1 c\u00f3 qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 huy ho\u00e0ng m\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u00e0n t\u1ea1 c\u1ee7a quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c c\u00e0ng l\u00e0m t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 uy hi\u1ebfp tinh th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 \u2013 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00ean c\u1ea3 ph\u00eda b\u1eafc, xa h\u01a1n nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e0n. S\u1ef1 qu\u1ea7n t\u1ee5 c\u01b0 d\u00e2n t\u1ee9 x\u1ee9 \u1edf \u0110\u00e0ng Trong v\u1edbi kh\u1ed1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi Trung Hoa l\u01b0u vong, mang \u0111\u1ebfn cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t li khai c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh quen thu\u1ed9c, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ch\u1ed1n tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh sang c\u1ea3 m\u00e0 l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ecdp th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng nho gia v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t tri\u1ebft l\u00ed tinh t\u1ebf, m\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u \u00fd th\u1ee9c t\u1ef1 do h\u01a1n, c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e1m b\u00ecnh d\u00e2n c\u00f3 tin t\u01b0\u1edfng theo chi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng ma thu\u1eadt, s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n n\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng dung ch\u1ee9a m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n sinh quan nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t \u0110\u00e0ng Trong, n\u1ed1i d\u00e0i c\u1ea3 sau khi th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t \u1edf th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XIX qua th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XX, l\u00e0 n\u01a1i c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng t\u1ee5 t\u1eadp, pha tr\u1ed9n t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng khu\u1ea5t l\u1ea5p trong c\u00e1c x\u00f3m l\u00e0ng, r\u1ed3i s\u1ebd n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt l\u00ean khi c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ti\u1ebfp tr\u1ee3. Ch\u00fa th\u00edch: (1) J. B. P\u00e9tri, \u201cLa jonque de Bayon\u201d, Indochine hebdomadaire, 10-10-1944, h\u00ecnh 17. II. QUAN NI\u1ec6M M\u1edaI V\u1ec0 QUY\u1ec0N L\u1ef0C: T\u00cdNH C\u00c1CH TH\u1ea6N LINH C\u1ee6A NG\u01af\u1edcI CH\u1ee6 T\u1ec2 \u0110\u00c0NG TRONG Ch\u00fang ta t\u1eebng th\u1ea5y L\u00ed Cao T\u00f4ng (gi\u1eef ng\u00f4i 1176 \u2013 1211) x\u01b0ng l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt, b\u1ecb L\u00ea V\u0103n H\u01b0u ch\u00ea l\u00e0 \u201ckh\u00f4ng theo ph\u00e9p \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u m\u00e0 th\u00edch t\u1ef1 khoe khoang.\u201d Nh\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng s\u1eed th\u1ea7n n\u00e0y, Tr\u1ea7n Th\u00e1i T\u00f4ng, v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n l\u00e0 \u0110i\u1ec1u Ng\u1ef1 V\u01b0\u01a1ng Ph\u1eadt, l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt Ho\u00e0ng, c\u00e1i \u201cph\u00e9p \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u\u201d \u0111\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1edf ph\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u1eafc c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 nho m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00eda Nam ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, v\u1edbi quan ni\u1ec7m nh\u00ecn vua nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ea7n linh cao c\u1ea5p \u2013 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i lo\u1ea1i th\u1ea7n linh th\u1ee9 c\u1ea5p, lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 con Tr\u1eddi mang x\u00e1c ph\u00e0m, ph\u1ea3i t\u1ebf Cha h\u00e0ng n\u0103m qua l\u1ec5 Giao. Tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c Ch\u00e0m, Angkor, vua ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 th\u1ea7n linh v\u1edbi y\u1ebfu t\u00ednh nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o c\u00e2y tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e1 linga, v\u00e0 quan ni\u1ec7m devarajah \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ecbch r\u1ea5t s\u00e1t qua ch\u1eef Thi\u00ean V\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ea5u \u1ea5n \u0111\u1eadm n\u01a1i d\u00e2n ch\u00fang v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7m \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ea5t \u0110\u00e0ng Trong. Nguy\u1ec5n Ho\u00e0ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u00f4ng quan c\u1ee7a vua L\u00ea \u2013 k\u1ebb ch\u1ec9 d\u00e1m x\u01b0ng l\u00e0 con Tr\u1eddi \u2013 v\u00e0 v\u1edbi c\u0103n b\u1ea3n nho h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u1edf m\u1ed9t m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 ta kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5, l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u, \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 x\u01b0ng \u2013 ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eadn t\u00f4n x\u01b0ng \u2013 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00ean tr\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi ban ch\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1edbc cho \u00f4ng. C\u00e1c s\u1eed quan nh\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n c\u1ee7a Th\u1ef1c l\u1ee5c ti\u1ec1n bi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ean ch\u00faa Ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi g\u00e1n cho, theo b\u1eb1ng c\u1edb c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n Khoa Chi\u00eam (1659 \u2013 1736 ) trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng (1719), nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng d\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, ph\u1ea3i x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn th\u00eam m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n l\u00ed th\u00fa: \u201c\u0110\u1eddi g\u1ecdi [\u00f4ng] l\u00e0 Thi\u00ean V\u01b0\u01a1ng,\u201d(3) ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 nh\u1eadn l\u1eddi t\u00f4n x\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e1m d\u00e2n ch\u00fang d\u01b0\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng quan ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch th\u1ea7n linh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 t\u1ec3, quan ni\u1ec7m t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e1m d\u00e2n ch\u00fang b\u1ea1i tr\u1eadn truy\u1ec1n sang \u2013 m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean. N\u0103m 1689, d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1eddi ch\u00e1u \u00f4ng, Nguy\u1ec5n Ph\u00fac Tr\u0103n, khi t\u01b0\u1edbng Mai V\u1ea1n Long v\u00e0o \u0110\u1ed3ng Nai \u0111\u00e1nh Cao Mi\u00ean, lu\u00f4n ti\u1ec7n thanh to\u00e1n Ho\u00e0ng Ti\u1ebfn, th\u00ec m\u1ed9t t\u01b0\u1edbng Minh l\u01b0u vong, thu\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n V\u1ea1n Long, \u0111i d\u1ee5 Ho\u00e0ng Ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng ch\u1eef Thi\u00ean V\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi ch\u00faa Nguy\u1ec5n.(4) V\u1edbi hai ch\u00faa, ta g\u1eb7p c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t x\u01b0ng t\u1ee5ng tr\u00ean hai v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t x\u01b0a kia thu\u1ed9c hai quy\u1ec1n b\u00ednh kh\u00e1c nhau. V\u00e0 s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng c\u00f3 quan ni\u1ec7m","r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 thuy\u1ebft tr\u1ecb n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a Nho Gi\u00e1o m\u00e0 g\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea5t di tr\u00fa c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf quan ni\u1ec7m b\u1ea3n x\u1ee9 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1eebng n\u00e0o. \u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eadn t\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec9nh quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c, th\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ch\u00faa Nguy\u1ec5n. T\u1eeb truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t, h\u1ecd nh\u1eadn ra h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u1ea7n ph\u1ee5c tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e1m d\u00e2n ch\u00fang d\u01b0\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n bao g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f9ng d\u00f2ng gi\u1ed1ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 g\u00ec r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c, v\u00e0 l\u1edbp ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c d\u00f9 \u0111\u00e3 quy h\u00e0ng, nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 c\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y v\u1ec1 nhi\u1ec1u y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u0169ng khi\u1ebfn h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u00f2ng. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u00f3, m\u01b0\u1ee3n quan ni\u1ec7m th\u1ea7n th\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ebd mang l\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n, v\u00ec v\u1eeba c\u1eaft \u0111\u1ee9t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, v\u1eeba th\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, ch\u01b0a k\u1ec3 nh\u1eefng thu ho\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. Nguy\u1ec5n Ho\u00e0ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn kh\u00e1 mu\u1ed9n, tuy \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 d\u00e1ng r\u00e0nh r\u1ebd sau chuy\u1ebfn tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i n\u0103m 1600 (v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 Thi\u00ean M\u1ee5 b\u00e0n sau) n\u00ean Nguy\u1ec5n Ph\u00fac Nguy\u00ean \u00fd th\u1ee9c ngay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ecb th\u1ebf th\u1ea7n linh s\u1ebd c\u00f3 \u00edch l\u1ee3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o trong vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n di hu\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi cha. Tuy \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng x\u01b0ng l\u00e0 Thi\u00ean V\u01b0\u01a1ng, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt Ch\u1ee7 (ch\u00faa S\u00e3i), nh\u01b0ng n\u1ed9i dung th\u1ea7n linh mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t, nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u00f4ng, nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb ch\u1ee7 n\u01b0\u1edbc x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0110\u1ed3ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng, Angkor Vat. Th\u1eddi gian qua \u0111i, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed5i thay nh\u01b0ng n\u1ed9i dung \u1ea5y v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea5y. H\u1ecd Nguy\u1ec5n c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp th\u01b0 l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c cai tr\u1ecb \u0110\u00e0ng Trong ph\u1ee5 t\u00e1 cho l\u1edbp ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u1ee9 g\u1ed1c \u201cQu\u00fd huy\u1ec7n, Qu\u00fd h\u01b0\u01a1ng\u201d T\u1ed1ng S\u01a1n Gia Mi\u00eau, n\u00ean m\u1edf ra nhi\u1ec1u khoa thi khi\u1ebfn \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng nho x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u, c\u00f9ng l\u00fac v\u1edbi t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e1m Minh th\u1ea7n l\u01b0u vong v\u00e0 d\u00e2n Trung Hoa phi\u00eau l\u01b0u t\u00ecm danh v\u1ecdng, ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1c n\u01a1i x\u1ee9 n\u00e0y. Nguy\u1ec5n Ph\u00fac Chu mu\u1ed1n l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc ri\u00eang, \u0111\u00e3 x\u01b0ng l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Qu\u1ed1c V\u01b0\u01a1ng (1695) theo \u0111\u00fang cung c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u01b0\u01a1ng quy\u1ec1n Nho Gi\u00e1o nh\u01b0 \u1edf ph\u00eda B\u1eafc. Th\u1ebf m\u00e0 n\u1eeda th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 sau, khi Nguy\u1ec5n Ph\u00fac Kho\u00e1t l\u1ea5y v\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7u th\u1ef1c th\u1ee5 (1744), th\u00ec danh x\u01b0ng Thi\u00ean V\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1eabn xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n. Theo b\u1eb1ng c\u1edb c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i, x\u01b0ng Thi\u00ean V\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00fac n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c l\u00e2n bang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c qu\u1ed1c,(5) s\u1ef1 ki\u00eau ng\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ef1 coi l\u00e0 l\u1edbn th\u1eadt l\u00e0 r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t nh\u01b0ng \u1ea9n khu\u1ea5t b\u00ean trong v\u1eabn c\u00f2n c\u00f3 n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng m\u1edbi x\u00e1c l\u1eadp t\u1eeb \u00f4ng ch\u00faa \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean. \u00dd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u00f3 theo th\u1eddi gian c\u00f3 b\u1ecb phai l\u1ea1t ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o tr\u00ean t\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec9nh quy\u1ec1n b\u00ednh, l\u1ea1i v\u1eabn \u0111\u1eadm \u0111\u00e0 trong d\u00e2n ch\u00fang, n\u01a1i ch\u1ee9ng c\u1edb xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n g\u1ea7n ba m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m sau v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed1i ngh\u1ecbch r\u1ed3i s\u1ebd l\u1eadp v\u01b0\u01a1ng tri\u1ec1u m\u1edbi. Nguy\u1ec5n Nh\u1ea1c v\u1eabn c\u00f3 danh hi\u1ec7u Thi\u00ean V\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ean s\u00e1ch v\u1edf ch\u1eef H\u00e1n, nh\u01b0ng nh\u1edd c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o s\u0129 ghi l\u1ea1i, ta bi\u1ebft danh hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u00fang c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n ch\u00fang t\u00f4n x\u01b0ng: Vua Tr\u1eddi. Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ebbo l\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a anh em T\u00e2y S\u01a1n v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ti\u1ec3u l\u1ea1i c\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00e0o c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd khi\u1ebfn danh x\u01b0ng n\u00f4m na n\u00e0y c\u00e0ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ea3nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n b\u00ednh t\u1ed1i cao mang t\u00ednh thi\u00eang li\u00eang ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp d\u00e2n ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi theo h\u1ecd n\u1ed5i d\u1eady \u2013 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng theo k\u1ebb h\u1ecd s\u1ebd l\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed5. T\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n li khai \u0110\u00e0ng Trong tuy kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i n\u00e0o m\u1edbi ngo\u00e0i khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c1, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecb th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u1ecf u\u1ed1n n\u1eafn, th\u00e0nh ra c\u00f3 mang m\u00e0u s\u1eafc ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 trong khi ho\u00e0 nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o c\u00e1i chung c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n th\u1ec3, v\u1eabn c\u00f3 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, g\u00e2y t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1i chung \u0111\u00f3. Ch\u00fa th\u00edch: (3) \u0110\u1ea1i Nam th\u1ef1c l\u1ee5c ti\u1ec1n bi\u00ean, q. 1, t\u1edd 6b; B\u1ea3ng Trung H\u1ea7u Nguy\u1ec5n Khoa Chi\u00eam, Tr\u1ecbnh Nguy\u1ec5n di\u1ec5n ch\u00ed ( t\u00ean g\u1ed1c:Nam tri\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p di\u1ec5n ch\u00ed), t. 1 (S\u1edf Th\u00f4ng tin V\u0103n ho\u00e1 B\u00ecnh Tr\u1ecb Thi\u00ean 1986), tr. 48 l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1eef ch\u00faa Ti\u00ean. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y b\u1ea3n ch\u1eef H\u00e1n, ch\u1ec9 th\u1ea5y ch\u00fa c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean v\u0103n vi\u1ebft \u201cTi\u00ean v\u01b0\u01a1ng\u201d v\u00e0 l\u1eddi ch\u00fa trang 57 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi g\u1ecdi... l\u00e0 ch\u00faa Ti\u00ean c\u00f3 l\u1ebd v\u00ec l\u00ed do\u201d Nguy\u1ec5n Ho\u00e0ng \u01b0a \u0111\u1ea1o s\u0129, gh\u00e9t t\u0103ng th\u00edch. N\u1ebfu qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u1eef \u201c\u0111\u1ea1o\u201d Ti\u00ean th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ecbch \u0111\u00e3 d\u00e8 d\u1eb7t th\u00e1i qu\u00e1. T\u00ean s\u00e1ch g\u1ed1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed5i ra b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 Tr\u1ecbnh Nguy\u1ec5n di\u1ec5n ch\u00ed c\u00f3 v\u1ebb v\u00ec mu\u1ed1n chi\u00eau kh\u00e1ch theo m\u1ed9t t\u00ean d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u h\u01a1n, nh\u01b0ng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t. S\u00e1ch ch\u1ec9 ra c\u00f3 hai t\u1eadp r\u1ed3i d\u1ee9t, ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t t\u00ean c\u00f3 v\u1ebb \u0103n kh\u00e1ch h\u01a1n: M\u1ed9ng b\u00e1 v\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111\u1ec3 ra to\u00e0n t\u1eadp nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i. C\u00f3 b\u1ea3n in c\u1ee7a Nxb. H\u1ed9i nh\u00e0 v\u0103n 1994 v\u1edbi t\u00ean Vi\u1ec7t Nam khai qu\u1ed1c ch\u00ed truy\u1ec7n. (4) \u0110\u1ea1i Nam th\u1ef1c l\u1ee5c ti\u1ec1n bi\u00ean, q.6, 9a.","(5) Chi ti\u1ebft n\u00e0y th\u1ea5y \u1edf b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch Ph\u1ee7 bi\u00ean t\u1ea1p l\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i (1964), tr. 62. B\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch S\u00e0i G\u00f2n (1972) kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3. III. \u0110\u1ec0N MI\u1ebeU V\u00c0 BUM\u00d4NG S\u1ef1 x\u01b0ng t\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 x\u01b0ng Thi\u00ean V\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u1eafm v\u00e0o v\u1ecb th\u1ebf ch\u1ee7 t\u1ec3 trong x\u1ee9 \u0111\u00e3 cho tath\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 ho\u00e0 nh\u1eadp tr\u00ean c\u1ea5p cao c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e1m d\u00e2n chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng v\u00e0 t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp b\u1ea1i vong. Nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng kh\u00f3 bi\u1ebft nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 pha tr\u1ed9n t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng, v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 chia x\u1ebb quan ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 c\u00f5i si\u00eau linh \u1edf t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp d\u01b0\u1edbi trong c\u00e1c th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 ph\u00e2n li \u1edf \u0110\u00e0ng Trong. C\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng c\u1edb cho th\u1ea5y nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ea7n Ch\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1edd c\u00fang qua nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ec9, n\u1ebfu c\u00f2n gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 s\u00f9ng t\u00edn l\u00e2u d\u00e0i th\u00ec c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c th\u1ea7n \u1edf ph\u00eda B\u1eafc, t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb th\u1ea5p k\u00e9m c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp\u0111o\u00e0n t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng, l\u1ea7n h\u1ed3i s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vua ch\u00faa phong ch\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1edbc, tham d\u1ef1 v\u00e0o h\u00e0ng c\u00e1c th\u1ea7n b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 qu\u1ed1c gia. Thai D\u01b0\u01a1ng Phu nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a t\u1eadp h\u1ecdp d\u00e2n ch\u00e0i \u1edf Th\u1eeba Thi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc t\u1edbi trong \u00d4 Ch\u00e2u c\u1eadn l\u1ee5c, v\u1eabn th\u1ea5y \u1edf cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XIX, \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XX trong \u0110NNTC v\u1edbi truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft phai l\u1ea1t kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh inceste kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u. Tuy nhi\u00ean kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh hi\u1ec3n linh c\u00e0ng l\u00fac c\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u b\u1eb1ng c\u1edb n\u01a1i m\u1ed9t d\u00e3y d\u00e0i nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea9m t\u01b0\u1edbc vua (?) phong, \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1811 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1n b\u1eb1ng g\u1ea1ch ng\u00f3i, tham d\u1ef1 v\u00e0o h\u00e0ng qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf.(6) Tr\u1ed9i h\u01a1n, v\u1edbi kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u gia nh\u1eadp kh\u1ed1i th\u1ea7n linh Vi\u1ec7t \u0110\u00e0ng Trong theo t\u1eebng th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c nhau, l\u00e0 b\u00e0 Ch\u00faa Ng\u1ecdc v\u1eefng v\u00e0ng uy th\u1ebf tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t kinh \u0111\u00f4 m\u1edbi, tr\u00ean c\u1eeda s\u00f4ng C\u00e1i Nha Trang, trong c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1n mi\u1ebfu d\u1eaby \u0111\u1ea7y n\u01a1i s\u00f4ng bi\u1ec3n, ru\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. \u00d3c t\u00f2 m\u00f2 c\u1ee7a ta kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tho\u1ea3 m\u00e3n khi mu\u1ed1n t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u xem m\u1ed9t bum\u00f4ng (\u0111\u1ec1n th\u1ea7n Ch\u00e0m) \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec1n mi\u1ebfu Vi\u1ec7t trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0o, qua nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. Tuy nhi\u00ean s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp n\u1ed1i th\u1edd t\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf r\u1eb1ng v\u1eabn c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 giao ti\u1ebfp b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u1eefa hai d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c trong m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian l\u00e2u d\u00e0i ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 c\u1eaft \u0111\u1ee9t qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7 nh\u01b0 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh chi\u1ebfn tranh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ee3i n\u00ean. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, kh\u00f4ng k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd B\u00e0 l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n trong th\u00f4n x\u00f3m, ngay \u1edf Th\u00e1p B\u00e0 Nha Trang, c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t x\u00f3m B\u00f3ng ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf t\u1eadp h\u1ecdp th\u1edd c\u00fang Ch\u00e0m v\u1eabn hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n (m\u00faa b\u00f3ng) \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi r\u1ea5t g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y (?). Chen gi\u1eefa h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u00e1p, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t l\u1ea1i l\u1eadp ri\u00eang m\u1ed9t mi\u1ebfu th\u1edd m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p n\u0103m 1919 \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ee1 \u0111i \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y ch\u1ed7 kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n di t\u00edch. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 tr\u00ean ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n th\u1edd c\u00fang ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t l\u1ed1i \u201cchung s\u1ed1ng ho\u00e0 b\u00ecnh\u201d: M\u1ed7i t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 th\u1edd theo l\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, kh\u00f4ng ai l\u1ea5n \u00e1t, khuynh \u0111\u1ea3o ai. \u00d4 Ch\u00e2u c\u1eadn l\u1ee5c cho ta th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng B\u00ecnh Tr\u1ecb Thi\u00ean (v\u00e0o qu\u00e1 ph\u00eda nam \u0111\u00e8o H\u1ea3i V\u00e2n) tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi Nguy\u1ec5n Ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0i n\u0103m, \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 v\u00f9ng Vi\u1ec7t ho\u00e1 cao \u0111\u1ed9 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u00e0 h\u1eadu phi tri\u1ec1u L\u00ea, c\u00e1c \u00f4ng ti\u1ebfn s\u0129, gi\u00e1m sinh, c\u00e1c ph\u00f2 m\u00e3, v\u00f5 t\u01b0\u1edbng, quan ch\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng ngay t\u1ea1i Th\u0103ng Long. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n s\u00f3t l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i l\u00e0ng n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfng Ch\u00e0m \u2013 t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 quan t\u00e2m nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i sinh ho\u1ea1t quen thu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t tr\u00ean v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng. V\u00ec th\u1ebf ta g\u1eb7p \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y m\u1ed9t m\u1edb nh\u00e2n th\u1ea7n l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u1ea7y t\u00f4i tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh Th\u0103ng Long ch\u1ebft tr\u1eadn, t\u1eed ti\u1ebft..., \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1edd c\u00fang kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n tu\u00e2n l\u1ec7nh vua, v\u00ec m\u1ed9t th\u00f3i quen c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n m\u00e0 c\u00f2n ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu v\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ea5t l\u1ea1 coi l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi quen thu\u1ed9c b\u1ea3o tr\u1ee3 t\u1eeb c\u00f5i thi\u00eang. V\u00ec nhu c\u1ea7u c\u00f3 th\u1ea7n g\u1ea7n g\u0169i v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c n\u00ean th\u1ea7n c\u1eeda C\u1eddn Ngh\u1ec7 An, v\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e3 Vi\u1ec7t ho\u00e1, khi \u0111i xu\u1ed1ng ph\u00eda nam, ng\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb n\u01a1i \u1edf c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t th\u1ea7n bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed3ng d\u1ea1ng, l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1eadm th\u00eam \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e9t Ch\u00e0m t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t \u0111i nh\u01b0 ta \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u2013 \u00edt ra l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi chuy\u1ec7n th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XVI c\u1ee7a D\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u0103n An. Ti\u1ebfn th\u00eam m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c th\u1edd nguy\u00ean v\u1eb9n c\u00e1c th\u1ea7n Ch\u00e0m, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ea7n \u201cY Na\u201d, Thi\u00ean Y A Na \/ Thi\u00ean M\u1ee5, c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m m\u1ee9c t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn trong s\u1ef1 khu\u00f4n \u0111\u00fac m\u1ed1i tin t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 c\u00f5i linh thi\u00eang \u1edf \u0110\u00e0ng Trong. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd l\u00e0, t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 nghi\u00eam t\u00fac c\u1ee7a Nho Gi\u00e1o, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n b\u1ecf x\u1ee9 \u0111i \u0111\u00e3 tho\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c \u1ea5y c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf l\u1ea1i, li\u1ec1n quay v\u1ec1 thi\u00ean h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u0169, d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c th\u1ea7n m\u1edbi m\u00e0 truy\u1ec7n t\u00edch, nghi l\u1ec5 c\u00fang t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ea7y t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch ph\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e3ng, tr\u00e0n tr\u1ec1 d\u1ee5c t\u00ednh. Th\u1ea7n thu\u1ef7 t\u1ed9c \u1edf H\u1ea3i L\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1edbp g\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed3ng trinh, \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 c\u00f3 ch\u1ed3ng. Th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec1n Linh","\u0110\u00e0 l\u00e0 th\u1ea7n (con) Trai l\u1edbn \u2013 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng quen thu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a \u00e2m v\u1eadt, v\u00e0 l\u00e0 d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i th\u1edd th\u1ea7n L\u1ed7 L\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 th\u1eddi g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y. H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n n\u1eb1m trong c\u00e2y \u0111a nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf (m\u1ed9t h\u1ed1c c\u00e2y!) g\u1ee3i \u00fd cho ta li\u00ean t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng n\u1eef th\u1ea7n th\u1edd d\u01b0\u1edbi g\u1ed1c c\u00e2y m\u00e0 L. Cadi\u00e8re \u0111\u00e3 n\u00eau l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t Nam B\u1eafc. Th\u1ea7n Thai D\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n \u201clo\u1ea1n lu\u00e2n\u201d th\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a h\u00f2n V\u1ecdng Phu B\u00ecnh \u0110\u1ecbnh, Kh\u00e1nh Ho\u00e0 trong l\u00fac truy\u1ec7n t\u00edch c\u00e1c n\u01a1i n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eadm n\u00e9t v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Vi\u1ec7t. Ta nh\u1eafc th\u00eam t\u00edch th\u1ea7n T\u1ee9 V\u1ecb ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 b\u00e0 ho\u00e0ng h\u1eadu m\u1eafc oan khu\u1ea5t v\u1edbi \u00f4ng ho\u00e0ng t\u1eed con m\u1ea5t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn sinh d\u1ee5c \u2013 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00e0nh ra mang t\u00ednh linh thi\u00eang, \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n th\u1edd. Tuy kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1eddi d\u00e0i d\u00f2ng, nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng ch\u00fa th\u00edch tr\u00ean c\u00e1c t\u1ea5m b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi H\u1ed3ng \u0110\u1ee9c cho ta th\u1ea5y nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1edd c\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XVIII.(7) B\u00ecnh Nam \u0111\u1ed3, Thi\u00ean Nam t\u1ee9 ch\u00ed l\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u01b0 th\u01b0\u1eddng ghi c\u00e1c t\u00ean \u201cmi\u1ebfu\u201d tr\u1ed1ng tr\u01a1n ho\u1eb7c k\u00e8m theo t\u00ean ta kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c: \u0110i\u1ec1n V\u1ecb Mi\u1ebfu, \u00d4ng Th\u00e0nh Mi\u1ebfu, ho\u1eb7c m\u01a1 h\u1ed3 nh\u01b0 Long V\u01b0\u01a1ng Mi\u1ebfu. \u0110\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu v\u1edbi Ki\u1ebfn v\u0103n ti\u1ec3u l\u1ee5c,(8) ta g\u1eb7p ba mi\u1ebfu tr\u00ean tr\u00ean c\u00f9 lao Ch\u00e0m th\u1edd Cao C\u00e1c \u0110\u1ea1i V\u01b0\u01a1ng, Ph\u1ee5c Ba T\u01b0\u1edbng Qu\u00e2n, B\u00f4 B\u00f4 \u0110\u1ea1i V\u01b0\u01a1ng. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o tr\u1ea5n ngay l\u1ed1i ra v\u00e0o c\u1ee7a th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u00e2n \u00c1 \u0110\u00f4ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng gh\u00e9 c\u1eeda H\u00e0n, H\u1ed9i An n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng l\u1ea5y l\u00e0m l\u1ea1 l\u00e0 c\u00f3 hai th\u1ea7n linh H\u00e1n Vi\u1ec7t li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn n\u00fai, bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n r\u01a1i r\u1edbt m\u1ed9t th\u1ea7n linh Ch\u00e0m v\u1edbi \u00f4ng\/b\u00e0 P\u00f4 g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i theo ki\u1ec3u n\u00f3i l\u1ecbu v\u00ec m\u1ea5t g\u1ed1c t\u00edch. Ngo\u00e0i mi\u1ebfu Long V\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1edf L\u1ec7 Thu\u1ef7 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i, c\u00f2n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t mi\u1ebfu kh\u00e1c b\u00ean trong \u0111\u1ea7m Thi N\u1ea1i, n\u01a1i c\u1eeda con s\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tr\u00ean T\u00edch Kinh Gi\u1ea3n (s\u00f4ng\/su\u1ed1i ch\u1ea3y qua m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng m\u1ed3 m\u1ea3 x\u01b0a.) C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ngh\u0129 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u00f4ng G\u00f2 Ch\u00e0m ng\u00e0y nay. Ch\u1eafc \u0111\u1ed3ng d\u1ea1ng v\u1edbi th\u1ea7n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 th\u1ea7n trong Long V\u01b0\u01a1ng Mi\u1ebfu do Nguy\u1ec5n C\u1eedu V\u00e2n l\u1eadp, c\u0169ng v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XVIII, tr\u00ean v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t m\u00e0 t\u00ean B\u00e0 R\u1ecba \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1eeb Po Riyak cho ta bi\u1ebft ch\u00e2n t\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n n\u1eb1m trong mi\u1ebfu. Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y ghi r\u00f5 vi\u1ec7c th\u1edd c\u00e1c th\u1ea7n c\u00e1 voi, v\u00edch... n\u01a1i c\u00e1c mi\u1ebfu Nam H\u1ea3i, Long V\u01b0\u01a1ng, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1 voi, theo tin t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ch\u00e0m c\u0169ng l\u00e0 th\u1ea7n s\u00f3ng(9) v\u00e0 c\u00e1 voi tr\u00ean c\u00e1c s\u1eafc th\u1ea7n tri\u1ec1u Nguy\u1ec5n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Nam H\u1ea3i C\u1ef1 T\u1ed9c Ng\u1ecdc L\u00e2n T\u00f4n Th\u1ea7n. L\u1ec5 C\u1ea7u ng\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t qua ghi nh\u1eadn \u1edf B\u00ecnh nam \u0111\u1ed3, ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a l\u1ec5 \u1edf m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m ph\u1ed3n th\u1ecbnh ngh\u1ec1 c\u00e1: Th\u00e1p Ph\u1ed1 H\u00e0i (tr\u00ean b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3: Ph\u1ed1 \u0110\u00e0i) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ebd cao 8 t\u1eebng nh\u01b0 th\u00e1p Vi\u1ec7t, c\u00f3 3 con c\u00e1 quay \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o b\u1edd v\u1edbi h\u00e0ng ch\u1eef \u201cM\u1ed7i n\u0103m ng\u00e0y th\u00e1ng 5, l\u0169 c\u00e1 quay ch\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 th\u00e1p\u201d. B\u00e2y gi\u1edd \u1edf \u0111\u1ea5y l\u1ec5 C\u1ea7u ng\u01b0 c\u0169ng ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh trong kho\u1ea3ng ng\u00e0y th\u00e1ng tr\u00ean. Quay tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 v\u1edbi t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u s\u1eed quan, ta th\u1ea5y Nguy\u1ec5n Ho\u00e0ng, \u00f4ng ch\u00faa \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng thu h\u00fat b\u1edfi c\u00e1c n\u1eef th\u1ea7n. N\u0103m 1572, khi qu\u00e2n L\u1eadp B\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a M\u1ea1c theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u00e1nh v\u00e0o, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea7u c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ea7n s\u00f4ng \u00c1i T\u1eed.(10) Th\u1ea7n l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0, \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef m\u1eb7c \u00e1o xanh\u201d, v\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 Nguy\u1ec5n Ho\u00e0ng m\u01b0u \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng l\u00e0 v\u00f9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 chim trao tr\u1ea3o k\u00eau, ti\u1ebfng chim l\u00e0 l\u1ea1 h\u1eb3n \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tho\u00e1t, l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft chuy\u1ec7n binh \u0111ao quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n vong c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh. Kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eafc danh hi\u1ec7u t\u00f4n x\u01b0ng Phu nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 ngay t\u1eeb l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u (c\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a l\u1ec7nh n\u0103m 1841), nh\u01b0ng t\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ecb nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf c\u0169ng l\u00e0 x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng lao ph\u00f2 tr\u1ee3. Ta kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a tin t\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c sau \u00f4ng ch\u00faa Nguy\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1ed1n gh\u00e9t t\u0103ng th\u00edch, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 v\u1ebb l\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng Phnom P\u00eanh c\u0169ng g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y: \u0110\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t x\u1ee9 Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o (d\u00f9 l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba) th\u00ec l\u00e0m Vua-Ph\u1eadt h\u1eb3n su\u00f4n s\u1ebb v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn h\u01a1n t\u1ef1 x\u01b0ng, l\u00e0 k\u1ebb c\u00f3 th\u1ea7n t\u00ednh n\u1eb1m trong c\u00e1i linga \u2013 h\u00e3y c\u1ee9 hi\u1ec3u theo ngh\u0129a th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ee5c! Cho n\u00ean ch\u00faa Nguy\u1ec5n th\u1ee9 hai x\u01b0ng l\u00e0 Vua S\u00e3i. Danh t\u01b0\u1edbng Nguy\u1ec5n C\u1eedu D\u1eadt (1611 \u2013 1681) ch\u1ebft \u0111i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi t\u00f4n l\u00e0 B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t. Ho\u00e0ng t\u1eed Hi\u1ec7p sau tr\u1eadn chi\u1ebfn 1672 \u2013 1673, li\u1ec1n t\u1eeb b\u1ecf danh v\u1ecdng \u0111i tu, c\u00f2n Qu\u1ed1c Ch\u00faa Nguy\u1ec5n Ph\u00fac Chu th\u00ec m\u1eddi cao t\u0103ng Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u1ec1 quy y (1695 \u2013 1696). Ch\u00f9a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1ng l\u00ean: Thi\u00ean M\u1ee5 (1601), S\u00f9ng Ho\u00e1 (1602), Ho\u00e0 Vinh (1667).(11) Nh\u01b0ng ng\u00f4i ch\u00f9a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 x\u00e2y c\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u00e0ng ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf s\u1ef1 n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7n linh \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. Ng\u00f4i ch\u00f9a (th\u00e1p Ch\u00e0m?) c\u00f3 t\u00ean Thi\u00ean M\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u1edf \u00d4 Ch\u00e2u c\u1eadn l\u1ee5c (1555), tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00fac Nguy\u1ec5n Ho\u00e0ng v\u00e0o Nam (1558), \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed nh\u01b0 ng\u00e0y nay v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng thua m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn: \u201cN\u00f3c \u1edf","\u0111\u1ec9nh n\u00fai, ch\u00e2n g\u1ed1i d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng... v\u01b0\u1ee3t h\u1eb3n ba ngh\u00ecn th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.\u201d \u1ea4y th\u1ebf m\u00e0 b\u1ea7y t\u00f4i nh\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n mu\u1ed1n coi s\u1ef1 s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp ch\u00f9a l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb ch\u00faa \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.(12) Nh\u01b0ng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i tuy c\u00f3 l\u1ec7ch l\u1ea1c Vi\u1ec7t ho\u00e1 v\u1edbi \u00f4ng Cao Bi\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e0o \u0111\u1ee9t long m\u1ea1ch (ph\u00e1 th\u00e1p c\u0169?), l\u1ea1i n\u00f3i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi sau r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a Th\u1ea7n, v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a Th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi d\u00e2n ch\u00fang, v\u1ec1 t\u00e2m t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng ch\u00faa \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong b\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi \u00f4ng c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed5i thay \u1ea5y. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u1eef th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7y quy\u1ec1n uy \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00e2n ch\u00fang k\u00ednh s\u1ee3 ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 t\u00ean H\u00e1n Vi\u1ec7t (Ng\u1ecdc Di\u1ec5n Phi) \u00edt nhi\u1ec1u c\u0169ng g\u1ee3i d\u00e1ng bay b\u01b0\u1edbm, hi\u1ec1n ho\u00e0. B\u00e0 gi\u00e0 m\u1eb7c \u00e1o \u0111\u1ecf qu\u1ea7n xanh c\u00f3 d\u00e1ng b\u00e0 con v\u0103n ho\u00e1 v\u1edbi th\u1ea7n Trao Tr\u1ea3o, b\u00e1o hi\u1ec7u Ch\u00e2n ch\u00faa s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00e0y. C\u00f3 v\u1ebb \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a tin t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o ti\u00ean tri c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Nam, tr\u00f9ng h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi quan ni\u1ec7m mong \u0111\u1ee3i ch\u00e2n ch\u00faa Nho Gi\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra \u0111\u1ec3 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 \u00fd th\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n li, th\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh trong con ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nguy\u1ec5n Ho\u00e0ng sau l\u1ea7n tr\u1ed1n v\u1ec1 Nam (1600) v\u00ec nh\u00ecn ra \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u1edf x\u1ee9 B\u1eafc. Vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y c\u1ea5t ch\u00f9a Thi\u00ean M\u1ee5 ngay n\u0103m sau t\u1ecf r\u00f5 \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n Ho\u00e0ng mu\u1ed1n \u0111i t\u00ecm s\u1ef1 che ch\u1edf n\u01a1i m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u1ee7a Th\u0103ng Long: v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n Ch\u00faa X\u1ee9 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Nam. Ng\u00f4i ch\u00f9a \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 n\u01a1i th\u1edd t\u1ef1 m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u00f2n l\u00e0 v\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ee7 trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian, theo nh\u01b0 ghi nh\u1eadn c\u1ee7a Th\u00edch \u0110\u1ea1i S\u00e1n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Qu\u1ed1c Ch\u00faa r\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ec1 c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ea1o:(13) Trung t\u00e2m th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c v\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o b\u00e0y t\u1ecf quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c chung \u1edf m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i, hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f2n th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n B\u00f9i \u0110\u1eafc Tuy\u00ean c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y S\u01a1n cai tr\u1ecb t\u1eeb ch\u00f9a Thuy\u1ec1n L\u00e2m. \u0110\u1ec1n ch\u00f9a \u2013 v\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ee7 g\u1eafn b\u00f3 l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 ta kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n th\u1ea5y \u1edf B\u1eafc H\u00e0 d\u00f9 r\u1eb1ng v\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ee7, \u0111\u1ebf \u0111i\u1ec7n \u1edf Th\u0103ng Long c\u0169ng mang m\u1ed9t ch\u1eebng m\u1ef1c thi\u00eang li\u00eang n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. M\u1ed9t m\u1eabu h\u00ecnh ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u1edf mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc theo nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c, v\u00e0 l\u1ea1i \u1edf \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t. Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft c\u00e1c \u0111\u00ecnh l\u00e0ng \u1edf \u0110\u00e0ng Trong v\u00e0o th\u1eddi k\u00ec \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, nh\u01b0ng b\u1eb1ng c\u1edb n\u0103m 1661(14) c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd v\u00ec nh\u01b0 ta \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 th\u1eddi k\u00ec n\u1edf r\u1ed9 \u0111\u00ecnh l\u00e0ng \u1edf \u0110\u00e0ng Ngo\u00e0i. Thu\u1ef7 th\u1ee7 Ho\u00e0 Lan tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc t\u00e0u ch\u00ecm \u1edf c\u00f9 lao R\u00e9 (L\u00ed S\u01a1n \u2013 Qu\u1ea3ng Ng\u00e3i) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a t\u1edbi Faifo ng\u00e0y 16-4-1661 v\u00e0 cho tr\u00fa n\u01a1i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i \u0111\u00ecnh. N\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n ngo\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c c\u00f3 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t to\u00e0 nh\u00e0 nh\u01b0 c\u00e1i ch\u00f9a, d\u00f9ng l\u00e0m n\u01a1i h\u1ed9i h\u1ecdp, x\u1eed ki\u1ec7n v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 t\u00f9. Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c c\u00f3 v\u1ebb ph\u1ed3n t\u1ea1p: C\u00f3 th\u1ea7y b\u00f3i v\u00e0 th\u1ee3 c\u1ea1o s\u1eeda r\u00e2u t\u00f3c trong khu\u00f4n vi\u00ean \u0111\u00ecnh; d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 \u201cxem\u201d ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00e2y D\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ho\u00e0 Lan ph\u00e0n n\u00e0n v\u1ec1 ch\u1ed7 \u1edf th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi l\u00e0 vua Ch\u00e0m, vua Mi\u00ean g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u1ed1t \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ea3. C\u00f3 l\u1ebd vua Ch\u00e0m \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u00f4ng dairo \u2013 th\u1ea7y C\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a Champa m\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch Ho\u00e0 Lan kh\u00e1c t\u1eebng th\u1ea5y m\u1eb7t 10 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1edbi th\u00e2n ph\u1eadn t\u00f9 binh.(15) \u0110\u00ecnh l\u00e0 n\u01a1i nh\u1ed1t t\u00f9 th\u00ec c\u00f2n th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1edbc 1945 theo m\u1ed9t b\u1eb1ng c\u1edb \u1edf V\u1ecdng Th\u00ea (Long Xuy\u00ean) h\u1eb3n c\u00f3 d\u00ednh d\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng h\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ea3n. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00ecnh l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec ta th\u1ea5y trong v\u1ee5 x\u1eed \u00c1 th\u00e1nh Minh (1835) \u1edf \u0111\u00ecnh Khao (V\u0129nh Long),(16) kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u00ecnh r\u1ed9ng m\u00e0 l\u00e0 v\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta mu\u1ed1n v\u1ee5 x\u1eed \u00e1n c\u1ee7a quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7n linh. C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n th\u1ea7y ch\u00f9a c\u1ea5t \u0111\u00ecnh (1789) \u1edf B\u00ecnh Thu\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng ch\u1ec9 b\u00e0y t\u1ecf t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi m\u00e0 c\u00f2n cho th\u1ea5y t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t n\u1eb7ng t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng trong quan ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 \u0111\u00ecnh. Ch\u1ee9ng c\u1edb t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ho\u00e0 Lan kia kh\u00f4ng cho bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00ecnh th\u1edd th\u1ea7n g\u00ec. Nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 im l\u1eb7ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. \u0110\u00ecnh xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n theo v\u1edbi quan ni\u1ec7m th\u00e0nh ho\u00e0ng - nhi\u00ean th\u1ea7n tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t \u0110\u00e0ng Trong xa l\u1ea1 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 quen thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1ed1i k\u1ebft v\u1edbi \u00f4ng H\u00f9ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng, B\u00e0 Tr\u01b0ng n\u00e0o c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n th\u1ea7n ph\u1ee5 t\u00e1 cho h\u1ecd. Quan ni\u1ec7m th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea5t l\u1ea1i theo Minh d\u00e2n l\u01b0u vong \u0111i v\u00e0o, cho n\u00ean ta c\u00f3 mi\u1ebfu \u00d4ng B\u1ed5n \u2013 th\u00e0nh ho\u00e0ng b\u1ed5n c\u1ea3nh \u2013 \u1edf L\u1ec7 Thu\u1ef7 tr\u00ean t\u1edd B\u00ecnh nam \u0111\u1ed3. Ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 khu\u00f4n th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n l\u1ea1i g\u00e0n tr\u1edf m\u1ed9t \u00f4ng th\u00e0nh ho\u00e0ng nh\u00e2n ho\u00e1, d\u00f9 r\u1eb1ng th\u00e0nh ho\u00e0ng theo quan ni\u1ec7m Nho Gi\u00e1o th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ee5c l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n th\u1ea7n. Cho n\u00ean, theo ch\u00fang t\u00f4i th\u1ea5y tr\u00ean c\u00e1c s\u1eafc th\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ho\u00e0ng \u1edf v\u00f9ng \u0110\u00e0ng Trong ch\u1ec9 mang c\u00e1c m\u0129 hi\u1ec7u v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi x\u01b0ng t\u1ee5ng m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch ho\u00e0 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng, do \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ch\u1edd vua ch\u00faa ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn hay kh\u00f4ng. L\u1ea1i c\u0169ng tr\u00ean B\u00ecnh nam \u0111\u1ed3, ta th\u1ea5y tr\u00ean kh\u1ed1i n\u00fai V\u1ecdng Phu (B\u00ecnh \u0110\u1ecbnh) c\u00f3 t\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh B\u00f4 Chinh \u0110\u1ea1i S\u01a1n, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00e0 t\u00ean l\u1ea5y t\u1eeb Po (Yan) In m\u00e0 trong quan ni\u1ec7m nh\u1ecb h\u1ee3p nh\u01b0 E.","Por\u00e9e-Masp\u00e9ro \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e0n, d\u00e2n ch\u00fang g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 n\u00fai B\u00e0, v\u00e0 h\u1eb3n c\u0169ng t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 g\u1ee3i \u00fd cho c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n truy\u1ec1n k\u00ec kia. Th\u00e1p B\u00e0 Nha Trang trong b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi l\u00e0 Ch\u00faa Ng\u1ecdc Th\u00e1p cho ta bi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 Vi\u1ec7t ho\u00e1 s\u00e2u c\u1ee7a Po Yan Ino N\u01b0ga tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XVIII: Thi\u00ean \/ Y A Na c\u00f2n l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 phi\u00ean \u00e2m s\u00edt sao, nh\u01b0ng Ch\u00faa Ng\u1ecdc th\u00ec kh\u00f3 th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 \u00e2m Ch\u00e0m trong \u1ea5y tuy r\u1eb1ng Ng\u1ecdc Di\u1ec5n Phi v\u1edbi ch\u1eef \u201cdi\u1ec5n\u201d c\u00f2n h\u01a1i h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a \u00e2m ch\u1eef yan\/gi\u00e0ng. Truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u gi\u1eef \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y tuy r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 d\u00e1ng tr\u1ea7n tr\u1ee5i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Khmer, hay d\u00e1ng v\u1ebb l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7n Ph\u00f9 \u0110\u1ed5ng. Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 th\u1eadt xa l\u1ea1 v\u1edbi sinh ho\u1ea1t b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n: \u00d4ng kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7m Thi N\u1ea1i ch\u1ec9 b\u1eaft c\u00e1 \u0103n, b\u1ecf x\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u1ea5t th\u00e0nh n\u00fai \u2013 n\u00fai X\u01b0\u01a1ng C\u00e1 \u2013 hai ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1p l\u00ean b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n l\u00fan xu\u1ed1ng th\u00e0nh hai v\u0169ng: v\u0169ng N\u1ed3m v\u00e0 v\u0169ng B\u1ea5c. Xa h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda nam, tr\u00ean v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t m\u1edbi kh\u00e1c, c\u00e1c \u00f4ng T\u00e0 (neak ta) c\u0169ng s\u1edbm gia nh\u1eadp h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ea7n linh c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t. Qua Tr\u1ecbnh Ho\u00e0i \u0110\u1ee9c, ta th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c b\u1eadc \u0111\u00e1 tr\u00ean v\u00f9ng Tr\u1ecb An (s\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3ng Nai) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mang t\u00ean kh\u00f4ng l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c v\u00e0o \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 bi\u00ean t\u1eadp \u0110NNTC x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn \u201c\u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 t\u1eadp (b\u1eaft ch\u01b0\u1edbc) theo man ng\u1eef m\u00e0 x\u01b0ng h\u00f4\u201d:(17) T\u00e0 M\u00e3, T\u00e0 M\u00f4n, T\u00e0 N\u00f4ng, T\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7t, T\u00e0 Khu\u00f4ng \u1edf chung m\u1ed9t Ng\u0169 C\u00f4ng T\u1eeb v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1edbc qu\u1ed1c c\u00f4ng, qu\u1eadn c\u00f4ng h\u1eb3n l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n phong \u2013 hay b\u1eaft ch\u01b0\u1edbc t\u01b0\u1edbc phong c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd Nguy\u1ec5n. T\u1eadp h\u1ecdp th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f2n thu\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 d\u1ea1ng h\u00ecnh xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n (th\u00e1c \u0111\u00e1), nh\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi c\u0169ng th\u1ea5y th\u1ea7n ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u n\u00ean n\u1ea3y sinh s\u1ef1 th\u1edd c\u00fang \u1edf c\u00e1c mi\u1ec5u H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi nh\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n t\u00ecm cho h\u1ecd m\u1ed9t \u00f4ng th\u1ea7n t\u1ed1i cao trong \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn. S\u1ef1 t\u00f4n k\u00ednh th\u1ea7n linh t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf d\u1ec5 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng c\u1ea5m k\u1ecb, ki\u00eang c\u1eef m\u00e0 h\u00e8m l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t \u1edf ph\u00eda B\u1eafc nh\u01b0 ta \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft. Tuy nhi\u00ean t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng mang y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a h\u00e8m \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn cho n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam. Th\u1ef1c ra, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft h\u00e8m \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o \u0110\u00e0ng Trong. Ghi nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a Tr\u1ecbnh Ho\u00e0i \u0110\u1ee9c \u1edf t\u1eadn v\u00f9ng S\u00e0i G\u00f2n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng do bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng T\u00e2y S\u01a1n (Nguy\u1ec5n L\u1eef v\u00e0o Nam l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u 1776), nh\u01b0ng t\u00ean hi\u1ec7u Th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u00edch \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c D\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u0103n An n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f9ng vi\u1ec7c phong t\u1eb7ng kho\u1ea3ng 1497 \u2013 1504 v\u1edbi hai \u0111\u1ec1n \u1edf c\u1eeda T\u01b0 Dung (Th\u1eeba Thi\u00ean) v\u00e0 \u0110\u00e0 N\u1eb5ng.(18) Chi ti\u1ebft h\u00e8m l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a Tr\u1ecbnh Ho\u00e0i \u0110\u1ee9c: S\u00e1ng ng\u00e0y l\u00e0m l\u1ec5, cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e1c heo ch\u1ea1y quanh \u0111\u00e1m t\u1ebf, ch\u1ecdc cho heo k\u00eau t\u1ecf \u00fd c\u00e1o v\u1edbi th\u1ea7n l\u00e0 heo c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng. T\u1ee5c \u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch l\u00e0 v\u00ec th\u1ea7n ch\u1ebft b\u1edfi g\u01b0\u01a1m \u0111ao n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u00e1t sinh. D\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u0103n An ch\u1ec9 cho bi\u1ebft sau khi ch\u1ebft, th\u1ea7n \u201cth\u01b0\u1eddng hi\u1ec3n linh n\u00ean d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd c\u00fang\u201d, nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p hai ngu\u1ed3n tin, ta ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng h\u00e8m t\u1ebf heo s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u1edf c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1n Th\u1eeba Thi\u00ean, Qu\u1ea3ng Nam \u00edt ra l\u00e0 t\u1eeb cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XV. H\u00e8m n\u00e0y \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u ra? C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i b\u1edfi \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt khi\u1ebfn l\u01b0u d\u00e2n ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng \u00f4ng th\u1ea7n-b\u1ed3-t\u00e1t ng\u1ed3i trong \u0111i\u1ec7n kia kh\u00f4ng \u01b0a s\u00e1t sinh n\u00ean t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch dung ho\u00e0 \u00fd th\u00edch c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 nhu c\u1ea7u \u0103n u\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh? Tuy nhi\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng c\u1edb duy nh\u1ea5t trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t h\u00e8m \u1edf \u0110\u00e0ng Trong, v\u00e0 ngay \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e8m n\u00e0y c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng b\u1ec1n l\u00e2u v\u00ec t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t l\u1ebb loi r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, b\u1edfi h\u00e8m thi\u1ebfu \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng c\u00f3 \u1edf ph\u00eda B\u1eafc. C\u0169ng Tr\u1ecbnh Ho\u00e0i \u0110\u1ee9c cho bi\u1ebft \u201ct\u1eeb ng\u00e0y binh lo\u1ea1n, ph\u1ee7 nha b\u00e3i b\u1ecf n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n t\u1ebf l\u1ec5\u201d. M\u1ed9t quan ni\u1ec7m, m\u1ed9t t\u1ee5c l\u1ec7 chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ecbch ra kh\u1ecfi v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t g\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 b\u1edbt ph\u1ea7n g\u00e2y \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u00e2u \u0111\u1eadm cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tin theo, v\u1eady m\u00e0 khung c\u1ea3nh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u1edf \u0111\u1ea5t m\u1edbi l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1ea3y n\u1edf, do \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c l\u1eadp. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi l\u01b0u d\u00e2n, uy quy\u1ec1n nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c n\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00fang th\u1ea7n t\u00e0, th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n b\u1ea1i tr\u1eadn c\u00f2n kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n gi\u1ea5u gi\u1ebfm th\u00ec v\u1edbi th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a phe ta, c\u00e1ch c\u00fang c\u00f3 kh\u00e1c th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e9n l\u00fat, ch\u1ee9ng c\u1edb l\u00e0 nha ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ebf th\u1ea7n \u2013 m\u00e0, ch\u00ednh s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea5u gi\u1ebfm m\u1edbi l\u00e0m n\u1ea3y sinh s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh b\u1ea3o th\u1ee7, t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00e8m t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i l\u00e2u d\u00e0i, l\u00e0m h\u00e8m li\u00ean t\u1ee5c ph\u00e1t sinh. V\u00e0 c\u00f3 v\u1ebb do \u0111\u00f3, cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng hai m\u1eb7t \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 d\u1ecbp n\u1ea3y n\u1edf s\u00e2u xa nh\u01b0 ph\u00eda B\u1eafc. Nh\u1eefng lu\u1ed3ng t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3, \u00edt hay nhi\u1ec1u c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ho\u00e1 t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u0110\u00e0ng Trong tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng kh\u00e1c nhau. Nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u m\u00e0 n\u00f3 b\u1ed9c l\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p h\u01a1n tr\u00ean v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee7 Quy Nh\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 g\u00e2y n\u00ean cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea3o l\u1ed9n l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t m\u1edf ra th\u1eddi c\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam: cu\u1ed9c kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a T\u00e2y S\u01a1n. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng trong cu\u1ed9c kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a","n\u00e0y \u2013 \u00edt ra l\u00e0 trong bu\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ea7u \u2013 v\u00ec nh\u1eefng b\u1eb1ng c\u1edb r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.(19) V\u1edbi th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n qu\u00e2n kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7t \u2013 Trung Hoa \u2013 ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 tr\u00ean v\u00f9ng r\u1eebng n\u00fai ph\u00eda t\u00e2y, ta c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 nh\u1eefng b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c, mang d\u1ea5u \u1ea5n tin t\u01b0\u1edfng ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh m\u00e0 v\u1eabn c\u00f3 c\u00e1i th\u1ebf ho\u00e0 h\u1ee3p \u1edf m\u1ed9t m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng. To\u00e1n \u201cqu\u00e2n Thanh\u201d T\u1eadp \u0110\u00ecnh, L\u00ed T\u00e0i \u0111eo b\u00f9a li\u1ec1u m\u00ecnh xung tr\u1eadn l\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng c\u1edb y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 Trung Qu\u1ed1c b\u00ecnh d\u00e2n, c\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n l\u1eabn n\u1ed9i dung. Nh\u01b0ng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ra b\u1eb1ng c\u1edb tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp, tr\u1eeb phi qua th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c n\u1ed5i d\u1eady. M\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m T\u00e2y S\u01a1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 t\u00ean T\u1ee9 Linh, kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u1eadp h\u1ecdp 4 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7m \u0111\u1ea7u mang t\u00ean 4 con v\u1eadt thi\u00eang \u2013 Long, Li, Quy, Ph\u1ee5ng \u2013 hay l\u00e0 t\u00ean c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 t\u1eadp h\u1ecdp, nh\u01b0ng d\u00f9 sao th\u00ec t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea7n b\u00ed m\u00e0 t\u1eadp h\u1ecdp mu\u1ed1n kho\u00e1c cho m\u00ecnh c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t. H\u1eb3n khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 khi\u1ebfn h\u1ecd b\u1ecb h\u00fat v\u00e0o t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n Nguy\u1ec5n Nh\u1ea1c \u2013 c\u0169ng mang t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea7n b\u00ed, m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n. Nguy\u1ec5n Nh\u1ea1c v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y n\u1ed5i d\u1eady \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c binh l\u00ednh x\u01b0ng t\u1ee5ng l\u00e0 \u201cTh\u01b0\u1ee3ng S\u01b0\u201d qua l\u1eddi h\u1ecbch : \u201cV\u00e2ng m\u1ec7nh Tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 tu\u00e2n l\u1ec7nh \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng S\u01b0...\u201d Ti\u1ebfng g\u1ecdi n\u00f4m na c\u1ee7a Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng S\u01b0 l\u00e0 Th\u1ea7y C\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 th\u1ea5y trong ch\u1ee9ng c\u1edb v\u1ec1 Th\u1ea7y C\u1ea3 B\u00e1-\u0111a-l\u1ed9c (Pierre Pigneau de B\u00e9haine). Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u00f3m Th\u1ea7y X\u1ebf c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ch\u00e0m hi\u1ec7n nay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Th\u1ea7y X\u1ebf C\u1ea3; ch\u1eef \u201cc\u1ea3\u201d bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u00e0y nay \u2013 v\u00e0 h\u1eb3n t\u1eeb th\u1eddi \u0110\u00e0ng Trong, trong th\u1ee9 b\u1ef1c gia \u0111\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u00ec s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n k\u00ednh Ho\u00e0ng t\u1eed C\u1ea3nh theo m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch, m\u00e0 v\u00ec n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang cho th\u1ea7n th\u00e1nh. Th\u1ee9 b\u1ef1c tr\u00ean h\u00e0ng cao c\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 b\u00ean trong h\u00e0ng ng\u0169 T\u00e2y S\u01a1n v\u00e0o th\u1eddi k\u00ec \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1eadt r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t. Nguy\u1ec5n Nh\u1ea1c c\u00f3 d\u00e1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t messie \u1edf T\u00e2y Nguy\u00ean nh\u01b0 c\u00f2n th\u1ea5y sau n\u00e0y, khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p t\u1edbi. C\u01a1 s\u1edf tin t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi c\u1ee7a phong tr\u00e0o n\u1eb1m trong c\u00e2u s\u1ea5m:\u201dT\u00e2y kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a, B\u1eafc thu c\u00f4ng\u201d. N\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ea5m k\u00ed v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 khai th\u00e1c \u00fd ngh\u0129a v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ecba l\u00ed (h\u1ecdc) c\u1ee7a c\u00e2u s\u1ea5m tr\u00ean, th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn quan ni\u1ec7m phong thu\u1ef7 v\u00e0 b\u00e1t qu\u00e1i n\u1eb1m trong \u0111\u00f3. Tuy nhi\u00ean, nh\u00ecn k\u0129 ta l\u1ea1i th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 l\u1ec7ch l\u1ea1c gi\u1eefa kinh s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf cho n\u00ean ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 u\u1ed1n n\u1eafn c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch t\u1eeb kinh s\u00e1ch. T\u00e2y S\u01a1n \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf cho linh h\u1ed3n cu\u1ed9c kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a, th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean l\u00e1 c\u1edd v\u00e0 s\u1eafc \u00e1o binh t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00f2n ch\u1ee9ng t\u00edch m\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac cu\u1ed1i \u0111\u1eddi. V\u1edbi nh\u00e0 nho Gi\u00e1o Hi\u1ebfn \u2013 ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1ea3ng s\u1ea5m k\u00ed theo s\u1eed quan Nguy\u1ec5n \u2013 th\u00ec h\u1eb3n m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf trong b\u00e1t qu\u00e1i Chu d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Nam (qu\u1ebb li, h\u00e0nh ho\u1ea3). Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 g\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u00e9p trong gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch theo c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 b\u1eb1ng l\u00f2ng, l\u00e0 qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng lo\u1ea1n qu\u00e2n \u1edf ph\u00eda nam \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1eafc: Ph\u00fa Xu\u00e2n. Nh\u01b0ng s\u1ea5m k\u00ed \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1eddi th\u1ea7y b\u00f3i di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi phong tr\u00e0o, cho n\u00ean th\u1eadt ra m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y S\u01a1n ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a \u0111\u00e3 mang \u00fd ngh\u0129a kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a Chu d\u1ecbch. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u201cth\u1ea7n\u201d c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2y, t\u1eeb trong r\u1eebng n\u00fai n\u01a1i h\u1ecd xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t \u2013 T\u00e2y S\u01a1n, th\u1ea7n n\u00f3i g\u1ecdn c\u1ee7a c\u00f5i thi\u00eang li\u00eang huy\u1ec1n b\u00ed. H\u1ecd Nguy\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn vua L\u1eeda, vua N\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 L\u00ea Qu\u00fd \u0110\u00f4n ghi kh\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 sinh ho\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u00f4ng \u201cvua\u201d n\u00e0y.(20) Nh\u01b0ng quan tr\u1ecdng, n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt l\u00e0 vua L\u1eeda. B\u00ecnh nam \u0111\u1ed3 (v\u1ebd t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea5t Tr\u1ecbnh) ch\u1ec9 ghi \u201cvua L\u1eeda\u201d, t\u1ecf r\u00f5 s\u1ef1 quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng Patao Pui n\u00e0y trong t\u1ed9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi Jarai. V\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean m\u00e0 n\u1eef ch\u00faa Ch\u00e0m \u1edf Th\u1ea1ch Th\u00e0nh (Ph\u00fa Y\u00ean), gi\u00fap T\u00e2y S\u01a1n trong bu\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f3 t\u00ean [Th\u1ecb] Ho\u1ea3 \u2013 ch\u1eef c\u1ee7a s\u1eed quan Nguy\u1ec5n \u2013 \u1edf ngay c\u0103n c\u1ee9 kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a, n\u1ebfu ta nh\u1edb Chu V\u0103n Ti\u1ebfp l\u00fac c\u00f2n theo T\u00e2y S\u01a1n \u0111\u00e3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong v\u00f9ng r\u1eebng n\u00fai Ph\u00fa Y\u00ean. H\u00e0nh ho\u1ea3 trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2y. R\u00f5 l\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a v\u00f9ng r\u1eebng n\u00fai, c\u1ee7a tin t\u01b0\u1edfng trong \u0111\u00e1m d\u00e2n thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u00fd th\u1ee9c ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y S\u01a1n bu\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ea7u. Qua kh\u1ecfi th\u1eddi k\u00ec kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a, khi n\u1eafm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n, theo \u0111\u00e0 th\u0103ng ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng Th\u1ea7y C\u1ea3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh Vua Tr\u1eddi th\u00ec c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean.(21) Tuy nhi\u00ean khi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00eam m\u1ed9t b\u1ef1c, b\u1ecf l\u1ea1i \u00f4ng Nguy\u1ec5n Nh\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn T\u00e2y S\u01a1n ra B\u1eafc v\u00e0o Nam th\u1ea5y ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i cao h\u01a1n. Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7 c\u1ea7u kh\u1ea9n Nguy\u1ec5n Thi\u1ebfp, xin vua L\u00ea m\u1ea5y \u00f4ng ngh\u00e8, l\u00e0 \u0111i theo \u0111\u00e0 v\u01b0\u01a1n l\u00ean \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ng\u1edd \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 b\u1ebf t\u1eafc c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u00f4ng \u0111ang \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed5. Nh\u01b0ng qua s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ea5p thi\u1ebft n\u00e0y \u2013 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c \u2013 m\u00e0 \u1edf ngay trong h\u00e0ng ng\u0169","nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00ec l\u1ebd n\u00e0y hay l\u1ebd kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecf r\u01a1i k\u1ebb t\u1ee5t h\u1eadu Nguy\u1ec5n Nh\u1ea1c, ta th\u1ea5y h\u1ecd c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch \u1ee9ng k\u1ecbp v\u1edbi t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf m\u1edbi, d\u00f9 r\u1eb1ng quy\u1ec1n uy c\u00f3 trong tay khi\u1ebfn \u00fd ki\u1ebfn h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn, l\u1ea5n \u00e1t nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb d\u00e8 b\u1ec9u b\u00ean l\u1ec1. \u1ede Ngh\u1ec7 An, vi\u00ean tr\u1ea5n th\u1ee7 (c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n ch\u1eafc l\u00e0 Tr\u1ea7n Quang Di\u1ec7u) \u0111em \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1ec5 t\u1ebf th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed5 cho ch\u00f3 \u0103n v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o \u201cCh\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u00edch h\u01a1n th\u1ea7n X\u00e3 T\u1eafc.\u201d(22) Nghi l\u1ec5 t\u1ebf th\u1ea7n h\u1eb3n l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1edfi vi\u00ean quan v\u0103n hi\u1ec7p tr\u1ea5n ph\u1ee5 t\u00e1, lo\u1ea1i \u201ch\u00e0ng th\u1ea7n l\u01a1 l\u00e1o\u201d c\u1ee9 t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0 c\u00f3 d\u1ecbp \u0111em c\u00e1c hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng minh vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, c\u1ee7a nho s\u0129 n\u00f3i chung trong tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh m\u1edbi. C\u00f2n vi\u00ean tr\u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1edbng \u00f9 \u00f9 c\u1ea1c c\u1ea1c ch\u1eb3ng bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 th\u1ea5y ch\u1eb3ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn nghi l\u1ec5 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n kh\u00e1c. M\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u1eadt nh\u1ecf b\u00e9 so v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea3o l\u1ed9n c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e3 cho ta bi\u1ebft s\u1ef1 t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u00e0ng Trong \u0110\u00e0ng Ngo\u00e0i qua 200 n\u0103m ph\u00e2n li, c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u0103n ho\u00e1 r\u1ed9ng h\u1eb9p kh\u00e1c nhau tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecba b\u00e0n kh\u00e1c nhau. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u00eam s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ed1ng \u0110a theo h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00f3. T\u00f4n S\u0129 Ngh\u1ecb d\u00f9 c\u00f3 nghe l\u1eddi c\u1ea5p b\u00e1o l\u00e0 qu\u00e2n T\u00e2y S\u01a1n \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn ra nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn h\u1eb9n sau T\u1ebft m\u1edbi ti\u1ebfn qu\u00e2n, c\u00f2n Quang Trung th\u00ec \u0111\u00f2i \u0111\u00e1nh r\u1ed3i m\u1edbi \u0103n T\u1ebft. Qu\u00e2n t\u01b0\u1edbng T\u00e2y S\u01a1n \u0111\u00e3 \u00e0o \u1ea1t di chuy\u1ec3n trong nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y gi\u00e1p T\u1ebft v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh nhau tr\u00f9m l\u00ean c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y c\u1ee7a hai n\u0103m c\u0169 m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1ed9i l\u1ec5 c\u00f3 v\u1ebb ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 thi\u00eang li\u00eang nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t th\u00f4i. C\u00f3 v\u1ebb th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n n\u00f2ng c\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u00e2n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Nam n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng tin t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y n\u00ean s\u1ef1 th\u1edd \u01a1, gi\u00e3i \u0111\u00e3i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e1m d\u00e2n c\u01b0 \u1edf Th\u0103ng Long l\u00e0m gh\u00ecm ch\u00e2n, tr\u00ec tr\u1ec7 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u00e2n chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u00f3ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 l\u1ef1c, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i th\u1ea3m th\u01b0\u01a1ng. S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t \u1ea5y, Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7 s\u1ebd nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y v\u00e0 ch\u1eadt v\u1eadt h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi theo xu th\u1ebf khu v\u1ef1c \u00f4ng cai tr\u1ecb \u2013 Th\u0103ng Long v\u00e0 Ph\u00fa Xu\u00e2n \u2013 mang \u0111\u1eadm n\u00e9t truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u0169 h\u01a1n Quy Nh\u01a1n. V\u00e0 n\u1ebfu \u00f4ng ch\u01b0a th\u1ea5y th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng th\u00ec Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1nh s\u1ebd th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u01a1n tru, d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng v\u1edbi v\u1ecb th\u1ebf v\u0103n ho\u00e1 c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n n\u01a1i \u00f4ng v\u00e0 l\u1edbp tu\u1ef3 t\u00f9ng. C\u00e1c th\u1ea7n linh c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 d\u00e2n ch\u00fang s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng thu\u1ed9c m\u1edbi m\u00e0 v\u1eabn trong khu\u00f4n m\u1eabu \u00c1 \u0110\u00f4ng Trung Hoa, tuy c\u00f3 chen m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat c\u00e1ch th\u1ebf th\u00edch \u1ee9ng ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00ecnh. Ch\u00fa th\u00edch: (6) \u0110NNTC, t\u1ec9nh Th\u1eeba Thi\u00ean, q. th\u01b0\u1ee3ng (S\u00e0i G\u00f2n 1961), tr.80. (7) Thi\u00ean Nam t\u1ee9 ch\u00ed l\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t \u1edf H\u1ed3ng \u0110\u1ee9c b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3, s\u0111d, cho l\u00e0 l\u00e0m trong kho\u1ea3ng 1630 \u2013 1653. Nh\u01b0ng chi ti\u1ebft \u1edf b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u01b0a ra (thu\u1ed9c q. 1) v\u00e0 l\u1eddi ch\u00fa ttr. 96 \u2013 97 trong s\u00e1ch c\u00f3 ghi: \u201cQuy Ninh ph\u1ee7, kim Quy Nh\u00e2n\u201d, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ebd b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y (\u00edt ra l\u00e0 v\u1ebd l\u1ea1i) \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec7n v\u00f9ng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 t\u00ean Quy Ninh (t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1655) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed5i l\u00e0 Quy Nh\u00e2n \/Quy Nh\u01a1n (1742). V\u1eady n\u0103m l\u1eadp b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 sau 1742. (8) L\u00ea Qu\u00fd \u0110\u00f4n, Ki\u1ebfn v\u0103n ti\u1ec3u l\u1ee5c, t. II, tr. 253 (9) A. Cabaton, Nouvelles recherches..., tr. 117. (10) \u0110\u1ea1i Nam th\u1ef1c l\u1ee5c ti\u1ec1n bi\u00ean, s\u0111d, q.1, 10b, 11a. Tr\u1ecbnh Nguy\u1ec5n..., t. I, tr. 48. S\u00e1ch n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 k\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfng d\u00f2ng n\u01b0\u1edbc k\u00eau \u201ctr\u1ea3o tr\u1ea3o\u201d v\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ebfn tai Nguy\u1ec5n Ho\u00e0ng, nh\u01b0ng ta d\u1ec5 nh\u1eadn ra \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i chim n\u01b0\u1edbc, chim trao tr\u1ea3o, nh\u01b0 t\u00ean th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ecdi. (11) \u0110\u1ea1i Nam...., c\u00e1c n\u0103m li\u00ean h\u1ec7. (12) \u0110\u1ea1i Nam..., q.5, 20b. (13) Th\u00edch \u0110\u1ea1i S\u00e1n, H\u1ea3i ngo\u1ea1i k\u1ec9 s\u1ef1 (Vi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Hu\u1ebf 1962), ttr. 199 \u2013 200. (14) W. J. Buch, \u201cLa Compagnie des Indes n\u00e9erlandaises et l\u2019Indochine\u201d, BEFEO XXXVII (1937), tr. 147, 195. (15) \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e1ng l\u01b0u \u00fd l\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng c\u1edb c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ho\u00e0 Lan \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1ch t\u00ednh \u1ee7a E. Aymonier t\u1eeb Bi\u00ean ni\u00ean s\u1eed Ch\u00e0m \u1edf B\u00ecnh Thu\u1eadn cho ta th\u1ea5y \u00f4ng vua Ch\u00e0m n\u00e0y l\u00e0 Po Rom\u00e9 \u2013 theo Aymonier, \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ecb v\u00ec t\u1eeb 1627 \u2013 1651, v\u1ecb vua c\u00f2n th\u00e1p \u1edf H\u1eadu Sanh (Ninh Thu\u1eadn) v\u00e0 c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh x\u00e2y th\u00e0nh, \u0111\u00e0o s\u00f4ng d\u1eabn n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o ru\u1ed9ng.B\u1eb1ng c\u1edb \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu s\u00edt sao n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c s\u1eed","gia tin c\u1eady h\u01a1n v\u00e0o Bi\u00ean ni\u00ean s\u1eed Ch\u00e0m \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00eam t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u cho s\u1eed Chi\u00eam Th\u00e0nh ngo\u00e0i t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u v\u0103n bia v\u00e0 ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khai th\u00e1c. Huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i chung quanh cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi Po Rom\u00e9 c\u00f3 v\u1ebb h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi vai tr\u00f2 \u201cle grande pr\u00eatre\u201d m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ho\u00e0 Lan bi\u1ebft n\u0103m 1851 v\u00e0 v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 tin t\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1edd c\u00fang c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n ch\u00fang b\u00e2y gi\u1edd. (Xem Dohamide \u2013 Dohoriem, D\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Ch\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed, S\u00e0i G\u00f2n, 1965, ph\u1ea7n Ph\u1ee5 l\u1ee5c; Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Lu\u1eadn \u201cVua Po Rom\u00e9 trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ch\u00e0m\u201d, Vi\u1ec7t Nam kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 t\u1eadp san, S\u00e0i G\u00f2n, 1971, ttr. 177 \u2013 197). (16) Lm. Matth\u00eau \u0110\u1ee9c, H\u1ea1nh cha Minh v\u00e0 l\u00e1i G\u1eabm t\u1eed \u0111\u1ea1o, b\u1ea3n in l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eeda l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u00eam h\u1ea1nh \u00c1 th\u00e1nh Marchand (Du), linh m\u1ee5c d\u00f2ng Sai t\u1eed \u0111\u1ea1o (Saigon 1902), tr. 58. (17) \u0110NNTC, Nam K\u00ec L\u1ee5c t\u1ec9nh (S\u00e0i S\u00f2n 1973), tr. 94. (18) Tr\u1ea7n Kinh Ho\u00e0, \u201cTh\u00e0nh tr\u00ec ch\u00ed c\u1ee7a Tr\u1ecbnh Ho\u00e0i \u0110\u1ee9c\u201d, \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc 6(12-1962), tr. 44; D\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u0103n An, s\u0111d, ttr. 73 \u2013 74. (18) T\u1ea7m m\u1ee9c quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a T\u00e2y S\u01a1n trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u l\u01b0u \u00fd, v\u00e0 c\u00e0ng l\u01b0u \u00fd h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 T\u00e2y S\u01a1n xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec1u tr\u00ean s\u00e1ch v\u1edf m\u1ea5y m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y v\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1ee3ng: c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng, th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t, ch\u1ed1ng x\u00e2m l\u0103ng. C\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00eau ra \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khai th\u00e1c nhi\u1ec1u r\u1ed3i, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n t\u1eeb c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 li\u1ec7t k\u00ea \u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i ki\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3i v\u1ec1 \u00fd th\u1ee9c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i th\u1eddi \u1ea5y, c\u0103n c\u1ee9 tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng b\u1eb1ng c\u1edb m\u00e0 c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1ea3o c\u1ee9u c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng quan t\u00e2m nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ec1 kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh n\u00e0y. Mu\u1ed1n th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t g\u00e2y ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi h\u00e3y xem ch\u1ee9ng d\u1eabn n\u01a1i b\u00e0i th\u01a1 c\u1ee7a B\u00f9i D\u01b0\u01a1ng L\u1ecbch (L\u00ea qu\u00fd d\u1eadt s\u1eed, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i 1987, tr.70) n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 qu\u00e2n T\u00e2y S\u01a1n: (d\u1ecbch) \u201cn\u00f3i n\u0103ng, \u0103n m\u1eb7c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n m\u1edbi l\u1ea1.\u201d\u00d4ng th\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00e2y S\u01a1n g\u1ecdi l\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u201ccha\u201d n\u00ean theo quan ni\u1ec7m ch\u1eef Hi\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7 m\u00e0 cho r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd \u201cd\u1ed1i Tr\u1eddi... th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft nh\u1ee5c\u201d trong khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u00e0y nay bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng x\u01b0ng h\u00f4 b\u00ecnh d\u00e2n.th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng n\u00e0o c\u1ea3: th\u1eb1ng cha, th\u1eb1ng ch\u1ea3, l\u1eb9 l\u00ean... cha! C\u00f3 l\u1ebd v\u00ec h\u1eadn th\u00f9 ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i, \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng \u201ccha\u201d c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u1edf \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng ph\u00eda B\u1eafc trong th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XVII \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n b\u1ea5t h\u1ea3o, \u0111\u1ea7u tr\u1ed9m \u0111u\u00f4i c\u01b0\u1edbp khi\u1ebfn cho c\u1ea3 l\u00e0ng ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecb ph\u1ea1t v\u1ea1. V\u1ec1 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng th\u1eadt, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem b\u1ee9c ho\u1ea1 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi v\u1ebd l\u00ednh T\u00e2y S\u01a1n v\u1edbi trang ph\u1ee5c, v\u0169 kh\u00ed c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. (19) L\u00ea Qu\u00fd \u0110\u00f4n, Ph\u1ee7 bi\u00ean t\u1ea1p l\u1ee5c (H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i 1964), ttr. 126 \u2013 127. (20) Trong truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ec1 T\u00e2y S\u01a1n c\u00f3 chuy\u1ec7n Nguy\u1ec5n Nh\u1ea1c (hay Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7 tu\u1ef3 s\u1ef1 \u01b0a th\u00edch ri\u00eang t\u01b0) trong khi l\u0103n l\u1ed9n tr\u00ean r\u1eebng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea7n cho c\u00e2y g\u01b0\u01a1m thi\u00eang ch\u00e9m r\u1eafn y\u00eau: Chuy\u1ec7n c\u00f3 h\u01a1i h\u01b0\u1edbng L\u01b0u Bang tr\u1ea3m B\u1ea1ch x\u00e0 nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng xa c\u00e2y g\u01b0\u01a1m thi\u00eang c\u1ee7a vua L\u1eeda. (21) V\u0110ULT, tr. 57. (22) \u0110\u1ea1i Nam th\u1ef1c l\u1ee5c ch\u00ednh bi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t k\u1ec9, q. 4, 14b. IV. S\u1ef0 TH\u1ec2 CH\u1ebe HO\u00c1 VI\u1ec6C TH\u1edc C\u00daNG TH\u1ea6N LINH C\u1ee6A NH\u00c0 NGUY\u1ec4N C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n m\u1edbi trong khi n\u1eafm quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn cho nh\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n khai th\u00e1c m\u1ea1nh quan ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 v\u01b0\u01a1ng quy\u1ec1n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 cho t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t chuy\u00ean ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. S\u1ef1 \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t quy\u1ec1n uy c\u1ee7a vua tr\u00ean th\u1ea7n linh s\u1ebd t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e1m d\u00e2n ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cai tr\u1ecb. Nh\u01b0ng vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i \u0111\u00f3 trong bu\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ea7u c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u00fd th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1ng nghi\u1ec7p Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1nh v\u00e0 v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t ph\u00f9 tr\u1ee3 \u00f4ng: Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh. Ri\u00eang Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1nh, qua nh\u1eefng b\u01b0\u1edbc th\u0103ng tr\u1ea7m, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ecb th\u1ebf ng\u01b0\u1eddith\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh h\u01a1n ai h\u1ebft. M\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn khi l\u00e0m vua, \u00f4ng v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng tin m\u00ecnh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 conTr\u1eddi m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 x\u00e1c th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a cha m\u1eb9 sinh ra. Nh\u01b0ng h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea7y t\u00f4i v\u00e0 d\u00e2n ch\u00fang theo khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c chung tin nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, tin \u00f4ng l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n th\u00e2n thi\u00eang li\u00eang, trung gian c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c t\u1ed1i cao n\u01a1i m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt hay m\u1ed9t \u00fd ni\u1ec7m \u00edt nhi\u1ec1u"]