sachhaymienphi.com - giao-luu-dong-tay

["t t l Thi\u1ec1n t\u00f2ng ra d\u1eddi L\u1edfi gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a Thi\u1ec3n t\u1eedng Do s\u1ef1 ng\u0103n c\u00e1ch v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ecba l\u00ed c\u00f9ng s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp Thi\u1ec1n t\u00f4ng ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu v\u1ec3 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 phong t\u1ee5c, sau v\u00e0i tr\u0103m l\u00e0 \u201cng\u1ed9\u201d. C\u00e1c t\u0103ng nh\u00e2n r\u0103n d\u1ea1y ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed n\u0103m ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt m\u1edbi theo ch\u00e2n c\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n ng\u1ee5 \u00fd s\u00e2u xa. D\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ee9 th\u1ea7n du nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o Trung Hoa. V\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 v\u00ed d\u1ee5: tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i L\u01b0\u1ee1ng H\u00e1n, Nho gi\u00e1o truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng d\u1ea7n suy y\u1ebfu, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i thi\u1ebfu \u0111i t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00e0m Ng\u0169 t\u1ed5 Thi\u1ec1n t\u00f4ng l\u1ea7 Ho\u1eb1ng Nh\u1eabn c\u00f3 hai \u0111\u1ea1i b\u00e1nh l\u00e1i c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c b\u1eadt m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd. C\u00f9ng l\u00fac \u1ea5y, \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed, Th\u1ea7n T\u00fa v\u00e0 Hu\u1ec7 N\u0103ng. Th\u1ea9n T\u00fa l\u1eadp ra Ph\u1eadt truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 v\u1eeba l\u00fac l\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7y ch\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng cho t\u01b0 ph\u00e1i B\u1eafc Thi\u1ec1n c\u00f2n Hu\u1ec7 N\u0103ng l\u1eadp ra ph\u00e1i Nam t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y. V) v\u1eady vi\u1ec7c tu h\u00e0nh theo Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Thi\u1ec3n. Khi Ho\u1eb1ng Nh\u1eabn truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1o cho Th\u1ea9n r\u1ea5t th\u1ecbnh h\u00e0nh. T\u00fa, Th\u1ea7n T\u00fa b\u00e8n r\u0103n minh r\u1eb1ng: \u201cTh\u00e2n nh\u01b0 b\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e1n - T\u00e2m d\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng soi - Ng\u00e0y ng\u00e0\u1ef5 M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt \u1edf Trung Hoa ch\u0103m lau t\u01b0\u1edbi - Kh\u00f4ng s\u1ee3 nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ee5i tr\u1ea7n.\u201d \u00dd l\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 tu t\u1eadp thi\u1ec1n ph\u00e1p. Do nh\u1eefng mu\u1ed1n nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf ph\u1ea3i kh\u1ed5 luy\u1ec7n, tr\u1eeb t\u00e0 ni\u1ec7m m\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu h\u00e0nh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt. b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c nhau n\u00ean d\u1ea9n h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i. Tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng Hu\u1ec7 N\u0103ng nghe xong, b\u00e8n t\u1ef1 nh\u1eafc r\u1eb1ng: \u201cB\u1ed3 ph\u00e1i \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea1i ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ph\u00e2n chia th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c t\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1 th\u1ea3n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 - G\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0o t\u1ecf \u0111\u1ec3 trong - V\u1ea1n ph\u00e1i kh\u00e1c nhau, Thi\u1ec1n t\u00f4ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3, v\u1eadt v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 v\u00f4 - B\u1ee5i tr\u1ea7n n\u00e0o \u0111\u00e2u th\u1ea5y?\u201d Hu\u1ec7 nh\u1eefng t\u00f4ng ph\u00e1i c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 Thi\u00ean \u0110\u00e0i t\u00f4ng, Vi N\u0103ng ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea9n Ph\u1eadt \u1edf t\u00e2m trong Th\u1ee9c t\u00f4ng, Lu\u1eadt t\u00f4ng, M\u1eadt t\u00f4ng, T\u1ecbnh Th\u1ed5 t\u00f4ng... t\u1ef1 kh\u1ea5c s\u1ebd ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea1o, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh tu h\u00e0nh, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea9n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecdc kinh th\u01b0 v\u1ea1n quy\u1ec3n, Thi\u1ec3n t\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhen nh\u00f3m v\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt. \u0111\u1eddi T\u00f9y \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng, sau \u0111\u00f3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 d\u1ea7n v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua nh\u1eefng t\u00f4ng ph\u00e1i kh\u00e1c, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh t\u00f4ng ph\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n l\u00e2u nh\u1ea5t, c\u00f3 t\u1ea9m \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1ed9ng nh\u1ea5t trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Trung Hoa. Thi\u1ed5n T\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u1ed3 Trang Hoa Tu\u01a1ng truy\u1ec1n th\u1eddi Nam B\u1eafc tri\u1ec1u, B\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ec1 D\u1ea1t Sau Ho\u1eb1ng Nh\u1eabn, do hai \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed Th\u1ea7n T\u00fa v\u00e0 Ma (Bodhidharma) kh\u00f4ng qu\u1ea3n ng\u1ea1i gian lao t\u1eeb Hu\u1ec7 N\u0103ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3i kh\u00e1c nhau n\u00ean Nam \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 t\u1edbi B\u1eafc Ng\u1ee5y \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00f9\u00fd\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1o. \u1ed5ng \u0110\u1ea1t Ma Thi\u1ec1n m\u1edbi ph\u00e2n th\u00e0nh hai nh\u00e1nh, Th\u1ea7n truy\u1ec1n cho ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed b\u1ed1n cu\u1ed1n \u201cL\u0103ng Gi\u00e0 T\u00fa l\u1eadp B\u1eafc Thi\u1ec1n t\u00f4ng, Hu\u1ec7 N\u0103ng l\u1eadp Nam kinh\u201d, ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng coi tr\u1ecdng \u201cgi\u00e1o l\u00ed nh\u1eadp th\u00e2n, Thi\u1ec1n t\u00f4ng. Sau n\u00e0y Nam Thi\u1ec1n t\u00f4ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua h\u00e0nh vi t\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t\u201d k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa l\u00ed lu\u1eadn gi\u1ea3i ng\u1ed9 B\u1eafc Thi\u1ec1n t\u00f4ng, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh thi\u1ec1n ph\u00e1i \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a t\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecdc O\u1ea1i t\u1ea1i Trung Hoa. Thi\u1ec1n t\u00f4ng tr\u1ea3i qua s\u00e1u \u0111\u1eddi t\u1eeb \u0110\u1ea1t Th\u1eeba, s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp ra t\u00f4ng ph\u00e1i thi\u1ec1n h\u1ecdc m\u1edbi. \u0110\u1ea1t Ma t\u1edbi Hu\u1ec7 N\u0103ng, \u0110\u1ea1t Ma \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 S\u01a1 t\u1ed5 c\u00f2n Ma \u0111\u00e3 truy\u1ec1n d\u1ea1y cho Hu\u1ec7 Kh\u1ea3, Hu\u1ec7 Kh\u1ea3 truy\u1ec1n Hu\u1ec7 N\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 L\u1ee5c t\u1ed5. cho T\u0103ng X\u00e1n, nh\u01b0ng do ch\u1ecbu s\u1ef1 chi ph\u1ed1i, ch\u00e8n \u00e9p v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c thi\u1ec1n h\u1ecdc T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb \u0110\u1ea1t Ma t\u1edbi Ho\u1eb1ng l\\\\lh\u1eabn, ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u1ea5c, n\u00ean ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. M\u00e3i qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n d\u1ea1y kinh s\u00e1ch qua n\u0103m th\u00ea' h\u1ec7, cho \u0111\u1ebfn Ng\u0169 t\u1ed5 Ho\u1eb1ng Nh\u1eabn, D\u1ea1t Ma Thi\u1ec1n m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Thi\u1ec1n t\u00f4ng. du\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u, c\u00f3 khu v\u1ef1c truy\u1ec1n C\u00f2n L\u1ee5c t\u1ed5 Hu\u1ec7 N\u0103ng m\u1edbi l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp ra b\u00e1 \u1ed4n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 ri\u00eang r\u1ebd. Nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3, m\u00e0 thi\u1ec1n h\u1ecdc Thi\u1ec1n t\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh ph\u00e1i v\u1edbi \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u00f9 v\u00e0 Trung Th\u1ed5 m\u1edbi c\u00f3 b\u01b0\u1edbc thay \u0111\u1ed5i r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t. \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c. ^148","C h \u01b0 \u01a1 n g 4 : cs4n\u00c1\/s\u1ea5n\u1ef6cu\u00f4ln\u00c1\u00e0\/^\u00c9>\u01b0cut\u1ef6 N\u1ed9\u1ec9 dung ch\u00ednh: Tr\u01b0\u1eddng An ph\u1ed3n hoa V \u00e0 o th\u1eddi \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng, th\u1ebf n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang l\u00ean, v\u0103n h\u00f3a ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n r\u1ef1c r\u1ee1, N h\u1eadt B \u1ea3n c\u00f2n ph\u00e1i s\u1ee9 th\u1ea7n sang h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi. Lo\u1ea1n An s\u1eed N h\u1eefng n\u0103m cu\u1ed1i th\u1eddi H uy\u1ec1n T \u00f4 n g, v\u1eadn n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111 i\u00eau \u0111\u1ee9ng suy t\u00e0n, lo\u1ea1n A n S\u1eed b\u00f9ng ph\u00e1t, D\u01b0\u01a1ng Q u\u00fd Phi v\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y \u00ea u th\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ee7ng \u00e1i cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u0169ng ng\u1ecdc n\u00e1t h\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e0n.","Nh\u00e0 \u0110u\u00f2ng tr\u00e1i qua ba \u0111\u00f2i vua \u0110\u01b0\u00f2ng Cao \u0129\u00f3, \u0110u\u00f2ng Th\u00e1i l\u1ecfng, Bu\u00f2ng Cao l\u1ecfng, n\u1ed3 l\u1ef1c kh\u00f2ng ng\u00f9ng m\u1ecf r\u1ed9ng l\u00e0nh Ih\u1ed1, thi\u00ean h\u1ee3 th\u00f3i b\u00ecnh, kinh l\u1ebf ph\u1ed3n vinh, fao ra m\u1ed9} th\u00f2i \u0111gi \u1ec9h\u00e1i b\u00ecnh \u1ecahmh \u1ec9r\u1ecb chua t\u00f9ng c\u00f3 Irong l\u1ecbch s\u00fa. Nhung sau khi \u0110u\u00f2ng Coo \u0129\u00f3ng m \u1ed1 i V\u00f2 \u0129ac Ihi\u00e8n* l\u1ebdn nom quy\u1ec1n, c\u1ee5c di\u1ec7n chinh tr\u1ecb c\u00f3 chui l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ee5c. r\u1ed1i ren trong m\u1ed9t th\u00f2i gian ng\u00e2n. Ngu\u00f2i \u0111\u00f2i sau g\u1ecdi b\u00e0 l\u00e0 ngu\u00f2i B\u00e9n ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf Ih\u1ee9 s\u00e1u c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e0i \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ed1\u00ec B\u1ec6 H\u1ea0 CH\u00cdNKT CH\u00cdNH S\u00c1CH ng\u00f4i, l\u1ee9c \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng Huy\u1ec1n T\u00f4ng, chi\u00eau hi\u1ec1n \u0111\u0169i S\u00c1CH QU\u00c2N \u0111 \u1ec1 n ' QU\u00c2N \u0110\u1ec0N C\u1ea6N C\u00c1l' 51, Ir\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c an bang, m\u1ecf ra tti\u00f2ijh\u1ecbnh \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng C\u00daA B\u1eaeC NG\u1ee4Y C\u00c1CH, NAY \u00c1P D\u1ee4NG m\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ' Khai H\u1ebeU V\u00c3N \u0110\u1ebf \u0110\u1ea3 H\u00ccNH TH\u00daC TR\u01afNG Nguy\u00ean \u1ec9h\u1ecbnh tr\u1ecb\\\". KH\u00d4NG C\u00d2N H\u1ee2P LTHU THU\u1ebe T\u1ed2, DUNGj ^ \u0110\u1ec0U' \u0110L lTH\u1edcIN\u1eecAR\u1ed2L \u00e1 S\u01af\u1edcNG HUY\u1ec0N T\u0168NG L\u1ef8 L\u0168NG C\u01a1 150 \\\"Sau khi \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng Cao T\u00f4ng m\u1ea5t, V\u00f5 h\u1eadu t\u1ef1m\u00ecnh l\u00e2m tri\u1ec1u, r\u1ed3i x\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ebf, \u0111\u1ed5i qu\u1ed1c hi\u1ec7u l\u00e0 Chu, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh n\u1eef ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf duy nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Trung Hoa.","151 \u1ebf","","TR\u1edcI \u01a1l! \\\\ I \u0110\u00d4 TH\u00c0NH \\\\ *\u2022 PH\u1ed2N HOA !,* 1 QU\u00c1! V. NGAY C\u1ea2 > ^ J TH\u00c0NH NARA \u2022 **. ,\u1ec5 K C\u0168NG KH\u1ed4NG .. t t 7 \\\\ th\u1ec3 S\u00e1nh , V b \u1eb1 n g .\\\" KHI\u1ec2N \u0110U\u00d2NS S\u1ee9 Thuy\u1ec1n Khi\u1ec3n \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng \u0129\u1eeb Ih\u1eddi nh\u00e0 \u0129\u00f9y, Nh\u1ed9i B\u00e0n \u0111\u00f5 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n ph\u00e1i s\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n ng\u01b0\u1eddi f\u1edbi \u0129rung Hoa th\u1edfm vi\u1ebfng. \u0129h\u00f2i $\u01a1 \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng*, \u0111\u1ed1t n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ecbnh \u00edr\u1ecb, v\u00fan h\u00f3a c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u, kinh t\u1ebf ph\u00e1i fri\u1ec3n. N\u00e2m 630, nhi\u1ec1u thuy\u1ec1n ch\u1ecf s\u1ee9 \u0111o\u00e0n l\u1edbi h\u1ecdc l\u1ed9p v\u00e0 c\u01b0 Ir\u00fa. \u0110\u1ebfn n\u00e2m 89Q, \u1ec1\u00e2 c\u00f3 m\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ee9 \u0111o\u00e0n l\u1edbi, m\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ee3i to 2 00 \u0111\u1ebfn 5 00 ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbi \u0129rung Hoa, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Khi\u1ec3n \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng $\u1ee9. * Th\u1eddi k\u00ec \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u00e0 \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng.","TR\u01af\u1edcNG a n c \u00f3 R\u1ea4T NHI\u1ec2U NG\u01af\u1edcI \u0110\u1ebeN T\u1eea C\u00c1C N\u01af\u1edaC KH\u00c1C NHAU. ' G\u00ec c\u01a1, ^ UM, TA MU\u1ed0N r H\u01a0N N\u1eecA 1 TH\u1eda TH\u00c0NH N\u1ebeU THI \u0110\u1ed4, C\u00d2N HUYNH MU\u1ed0N QU\u00c1 H\u1eccC T\u1eacP \u0110\u01af\u1ee2C L\u00c0M QUAN C\u1ee6A M\u00ccNH. k TRI\u1ec2U \u0110\u00ccNH. J c\u1ee7THI KHOA ^ H\u1ea2? > \u1ef1 TA C\u00d3 TH\u1ec2 1 T\u1ef1 M\u00ccNH T\u00ccM HI\u1ec2U V\u00c0 H\u1eccC T\u1eacP N\u1ec2N CH\u00cdNH TR\u1eca L NH\u00c0 \u0110\u01af\u1edcNG. ^154","Huyen long d\u1ecdi \u1ec9en cho Abe No I Nokomaro la Irieu Hanh, phong Ikho m\u1ed9i ch\u00fac quon trong tri\u1ec1u. 155^","\u1ef4 \u0110\u1ea1i nh\u00e2n T r i\u1ec3 u H\u00e0nh , c \u00f3 M\u1ed8T V\u1eca s \u1ee9 TH\u1ea6N NH\u1eacT B\u1ea2N MU\u1ed0N B\u00c1I KI\u1ebeN NG\u01af\u1edcI. ^156","\u1ec9h\u00f3ng 10 n\u0103m \/53, (Bon \\\"luyen c\u00faa r i\u1ee9Ih\u00e0n xu\u00f4i ph\u00e1i v O n \u1ed9 l ban; \/\\\\ V\u1ea2 \u00e9 \u0129huy\u1ec1n c\u00fao Gi\u00e1m ch\u00e2n h\u00f2a th\u01b0\u1ee3ng rnay'man l\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Nh\u1ea1i la n . Sau n\u00e0y Abe No Nakamaro Ir\u00f3 l\u1ecdi \u0129r\u01b0\u00f2ng An, kh\u00f4ng quay v\u1ec1 Nh\u1ecdt B\u1ecfn n\u1ee7o. * B\u00e0i th\u01a1n\u00e0y l\u00e0 do Ahe No Nakamaro s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c v\u00ec ti\u1ebfc nu\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng v\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ed1 h\u01b0\u01a1ng. \u00d4ng \u0111\u1ee9ng \u1edf th\u00e0nh Tr\u01b0\u1eddng An, ng\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00ean nh\u00ecn tr\u0103ng s\u00e1ng, t\u1ee9c c\u1ea3nh sinh t\u00ecnh nh\u1edb n\u00fai Mikasa. 157 %","[L\u1ed9\u1ea1n u \/ \u00ec - \u00dd B\u1ea0CH A V\u00e0i fh\u00e1ng sau khi Abe No Nokamaro r \u0110\u1ea0I nhan! L \u00fd ' Ir\u1ecf l\u1ee3i \u0129ru\u1eddng An... 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Nh\u01b0ng t\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed3\u01b0 \u1ecah\u00ea k\u1ec9 Ih\u1ee9 10, (U\u1ed8\u00a3 kt\u00ed\u1ebbr ngh\u00eda v\u1ecfn b\u1ecb lief \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1ee9thg \u0129o\u00e0n \u0129rung Iran \u00e1p. - _ I h \u00e0 i.jk ii r\u1ef1c r\u1edf c\u1ee7o nh\u00e0 \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng sau khi tr\u00e1) St\u1ecatK^ 290 n\u00f4m (t\u1eeb n\u00f5irr6}& \u1eaf\u1ebfn n\u00f5m 907) \u0111\u00f4 L \u00edU U .","Th\u1eddi h\u01b0ng th\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 suy vong c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 D\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u1eddi k\u00ec S\u01a1 \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng, tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 r\u00fat ra nh\u00f3m v\u00e0 ch\u00e2m ng\u00f2i cho chi\u1ebfn lo\u1ea1n An S\u1eed. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111u\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 di\u1ec7t vong c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 T\u00f9y, cu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3n lo\u1ea1n sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1eb9p y\u00ean nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn g\u00e2y n\u00ean r\u1ea5t ch\u0103m ch\u00fat tri\u1ec1u ch\u00ednh, v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, nh\u00e0 ra nh\u1eefng t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec3 ch\u00f3 n\u1ec3n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ph\u01b0\u1edbng \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1eabn thi h\u00e0nh ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 tam t\u1ec9nh l\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 ch\u00ea' B\u1eafc, nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n r\u01a1i v\u00e0o c\u1ea3nh l\u1eafm than, \u0111\u00f3i kh\u1ed5, c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ed9 khoa c\u1eed nh\u00e0 T\u00f9y. v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng kinh t\u1ebf, nh\u00e0 \u0110u\u1eddng h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh n\u00ean c\u1ee5c di\u1ec7n c\u00e1t c\u1ee9 c\u00e1c phi\u00ean tr\u1ea5n. thi h\u00e0nh ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 thu\u00ea' kh\u00f3a ru\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t qu\u00e2n \u0111i\u1ec1n va \u201cT\u00f4, Dung, \u0110i\u1ec3u\u201d, m\u1edf ra m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi th\u00e1i binh th\u1ecbnh tr\u1ecb Lo\u1ea1n An S\u1eed \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u bu\u1edbc ngo\u1eb7t t\u1ee5t d\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cTrinh Quan th\u1ecbnh tr\u1ecb\u201d. Sau \u0111\u00f3 tr\u1ea3i qua c\u00e1c tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 \u0110i\u1ea0ng, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 nh\u00e0 D\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u0111\u1eddi vua t\u1eeb \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng Cao T\u00f4ng v\u00e0 V\u00f5 T\u1eafc Thi\u00ean t\u1edbi th\u1eddi \u0111i xu\u1ed1ng, chi\u1ebfn tranh li\u00ean mi\u00ean gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c phi\u00ean tr\u1ea5n k\u00ec \u0111\u1ea9u c\u1ee7a \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng Huy\u1ec1n T\u00f4ng, th\u1eddi \u201cKhai Nguy\u00ean v\u1edbi tri\u1ec3u \u0111\u00ecnh n\u1ed5 ra li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp, k\u00e9o d\u00e0i cho t\u1edbi khi nh\u00e0 th\u1ecbnh tr\u1ecb\u201d c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 D\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi t\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec9nh, n\u00e9n ch\u00ednh \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng di\u1ec7t vong. tr\u1ecb \u1ed4n \u0111\u1ecbnh, kinh t\u1ebf ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, v\u0103n h\u00f3a ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch anh minh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00f2ng d\u00e2n Th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i H\u1eadu D\u01b0\u1eddng, th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c ho\u1ea1n quan c\u0169ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1eadc qu\u00e2n ch\u1ee7, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh m\u1eabu l\u00ed t\u01b0\u1eddng b\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u0103ng kh\u00f4ng k\u00e9m, b\u00e0o m\u00f2n quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a cho c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e2n bang h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi, noi g\u01b0\u01a1ng. R\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 vua. Vi\u1ec7c ban b\u00f4' ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch, c\u1ea9t c\u1eed qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1i s\u1ee9 th\u1ea9n sang t\u1eadn Tr\u01b0\u1eddng An \u0111\u1ec3 hay th\u0103ng gi\u00e1ng quan l\u1ea1i c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c ph\u00ea' l\u1eadp h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp, nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 s\u1ef1 giao l\u01b0u gi\u1eefa Trung Hoa v\u00e0 ho\u00e0ng d\u00ea \u0111\u1ec1u do ho\u1ea1n quan nh\u00fang tay s\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t. c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00e1c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u00ean m\u1ed9t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u1edbi. Ch\u00ednh s\u1ef1 chuy\u00ean quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a ho\u1ea1n quan \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn n\u1ec3n ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb cu\u1ed1i \u0111\u1eddi \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111en t\u1ed1i, \u0111\u1ea9y tri\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0o V\u00e0o l\u00fac cu\u1ed1i \u0111\u1eddi, vua \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng Huy\u1ec1n T\u00f4ng \u0103n ch\u01a1i c\u1ea3nh suy t\u00e0n. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a n\u00f4ng h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ea1c, m\u00ea \u0111\u1eafm t\u1eedu s\u1eafc, s\u1ee7ng \u00e1i Duong qu\u00fd phi, d\u00e2n di\u1ec5n ra r\u1ea9m r\u1ed9 tr\u00ean n\u1eeda l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a Trung Hoa kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0ng vi\u1ec7c n\u01b0\u1edbc, ch\u1ec9 tr\u1ecdng d\u1ee5ng gian th\u1ea9n, nh\u01b0 c\u01a1n gi\u00f3 qu\u1eadt ng\u00e3 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u00e0 \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ee5c ru\u1ed7ng. \u0111\u1ec3 tri\u1ec1u \u0111inh b\u1ea1i ho\u1ea1i. C\u0169ng v\u00e0o l\u00fac n\u00e0y, th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a N\u0103m 907, ti\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1ee9 Chu To\u00e0n Trung x\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ebf, k\u1ebft ti\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u01b0 v\u0169 b\u00e3o, nhen th\u00fac 290 n\u0103m nh\u00e0 D\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb Trung Hoa. Th\u1eddi d\u1ea1\u1ec9 \u201cKhai Nguy\u00e2n th\u1ecbnh USM tri\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cKhai Thien th\u1ecbnh tr\u1ecb\u201d L\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 th\u1edf\u1ec9 B\u01b0\u01a1ng Kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian D\u01b0\u1eddng Cao T\u00f4ng Khai L\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 Trung Hoa th\u1eddi nh\u00e0 \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng, ph\u00eda Nguy\u00ean, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \u1ec9\u0129nh v\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 kinh t\u1ebf, v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0110\u00f4ng k\u00e9o d\u00e0i t\u1edbi An \u0110\u00f4ng, ph\u00eda T\u00e2y ch\u1ea1y d\u00e0i t\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec9nh cao, d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 t\u0103ng. Theo th\u1ed1ng An T\u00e2y, bi\u1ec3n Aral Trung A (nay l\u00e0 ranh gi\u1edbi gi\u1eefa k\u00ea, d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t con s\u1ed1 480 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi, th\u01b0\u01a1ng Kazakhstan v\u00e0 Uzbekistan). \u0110\u1ec3 b\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00e3nh m\u1ea1i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, giao th\u00f4ng th\u00f4ng su\u1ed1t v\u00e0 thu\u1eadn th\u1ed5 v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda Nam, nh\u00e0 \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng x\u00e2m chi\u1ebfm v\u00e0 ti\u1ec7n, th\u00e0nh th\u1ecb t\u1ea5p n\u1eadp, ph\u1ed5n vinh, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t \u00e1ch \u0111\u00f4 h\u1ed9 \u1edf mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Ph\u00eda B\u1ea5c giao l\u01b0u bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng, c\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ef1c t\u1edbi B\u1eafc cao nguy\u00ean M\u00f4ng c\u1ed5. Nh\u00e0 c\u00e1c thuong nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb Ba T\u01b0, \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1ef1c (nay \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e3 chia nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t chi\u1ebfm gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 b\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea3o \u1ea2 R\u1eadp)... \u0111\u1ec1u l\u0169 l\u01b0\u1ee3t \u0111\u1ed5 v\u00e0o Trung t\u1eeb c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 t\u1ed9c thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 hay n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ecf l\u00e2n bang Hoa. \u0110\u00e2u \u0111\u00e2u c\u0169ng th\u1ea5y c\u1ea3nh th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u00e2n n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00e0nh s\u00e1u d\u00f4 h\u1ed9 ph\u1ee7 g\u1ed3m. An T\u00e2y, An B\u1eafc, An ngo\u00e0i t\u1ee5 h\u1ecdp \u1edf c\u00e1c ch\u1ee3 l\u1edbn n\u01a1i Tr\u01b0\u1eddng An, L\u1ea1c \u0110\u00f4ng, An Nam, \u0110\u01a1n Vu, B\u1ea5c \u0110\u00ecnh, nh\u1eb1m ki\u1ec3m D\u01b0\u01a1ng, Qu\u1ea3ng Ch\u00e2u... D\u00f2ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i l\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 m\u1eafc so\u00e1t g\u1eaft gao c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 t\u1ed9c \u0110\u1ed9t Quy\u1ebft, H\u1ed5i H\u1ed9t, M\u1ea1t c\u1eedi, \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fac v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee7 m\u00e0u da~ ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef v\u00e0 s\u1eafc H\u1ea1t, Th\u1ea5t V\u0129, Khi\u1ebft \u0110an... ph\u1ee5c. \u0110\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i h\u01b0ng th\u1ecbnh tr\u00ean t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \u1ec9\u0129r\u00edh v\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a Trung Hoa. Nh\u01b0ng khi x\u1ea3y ra lo\u1ea1n An S\u1eed, do binh s\u0129 c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng bi\u00ean \u1ea3i c\u0169ng b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ea5n N\u0103m 741, \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng Huy\u1ec1n T\u00f4ng cho \u0111\u1ed5i ni\u00ean \u00e1p ph\u1ea3n lo\u1ea1n cho n\u00ean tuy\u1ebfn ph\u00f2ng ng\u1ef1 bi\u00ean hi\u1ec7u \u201cKhai Nguy\u00ean\u201d th\u00e0nh \u201cThi\u00ean B\u1ea3o\u201d , tuy\u00ean gi\u1edbi m\u1ea5t ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t, \u1edf D\u00f4ng B\u1eafc, c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc T\u00e2n c\u00e1o k\u00eaVth\u00fac th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i Khai Nguy\u00ean, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn La m\u1ea1nh l\u00ean, \u0111\u00f4 h\u1ed9 ph\u1ee7 An \u0110\u00f4ng co c\u1ee5m v\u1ec1 ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1eb7t d\u1ea5u ch\u1ea5m h\u1ebft cho th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ecbnh tr\u1ecb. T\u00e2y Li\u00eau H\u00e0. C\u00f9ng l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c t\u1ed9c Khi\u1ebft \u0110an, Nh\u00e0 D\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c h\u01b0ng th\u1ecbnh th\u00eam m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i t\u1ed9c H\u1ec1 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed1i lo l\u1edbn. Ph\u00eda T\u00e2y Nam Th\u1ed5 n\u0103m sau \u0111\u00f3, n\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta g\u1ecdi g\u1ed9p th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec9nh Ph\u1ed3n v\u00e0 Nam Chi\u1ebfu khi\u1ebfn nh\u00e0 \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ecbu t\u1ed5n cao n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u201cKhai Thi\u00ean th\u1ecbnh tr\u1ecb\u201d . th\u1ea5t n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1. 177","Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch m\u1ed5m d\u1ea3o v\u1ed7 v\u1ec3 d\u1ea9n t\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 B\u00f9\u1eddng V\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1, D\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u00e1i T\u00f4ng r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c trong vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u00e1i T\u00f4ng tu\u1ef5 c\u1eed qu\u00e2n s\u0129 \u0111\u00e1nh tr\u1ea3 v\u00e0 y\u00ean l\u00f2ng c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 t\u1ed9c thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1, gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 h\u1ecd ph\u00e1t chinh ph\u1ee5c D\u1ed9t Quy\u1ebft, \u0110\u1ed9t D\u1ee5c H\u1ed5n, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i tri\u1ec3n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, c\u00f2n tin t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ed9c tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ch\u1ee7 y\u00eau d\u00f9ng c\u00e1ch v\u1ed7 v\u1ec1 gi\u1eef y\u00ean. Nh\u00e0 \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ea1c, \u0111\u1ec1 b\u1ea1t v\u00e0 th\u0103ng quan cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n c\u00f3 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e3i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng t\u1ed9c t\u1ed9c thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1. thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n coi h\u1ecd l\u00e0 man di m\u1ecdi r\u1ee3. Nh\u00e0 \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f2n d\u00f9ng c\u00e1ch \u201cth\u00f4ng h\u00f4n\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 V\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 t\u1ed9c thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c, nh\u00e0 \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ee7 t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n quan h\u1ec7 h\u00e0i h\u00f2a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, tr\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1ec1 l\u1ed1i s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng giao l\u01b0u v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf gi\u1eefa x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i c\u00f2n ch\u00fa \u00fd b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u1edf Trung Th\u1ed5 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u00f9ng c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 t\u1ed9c, t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Ngo\u00e0i ra, bi\u00ean c\u01b0\u01a1ng. nh\u00e0 \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f2n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh, giao cho c\u00e1c t\u1ed9c tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0m \u0111\u00f4 \u0111\u1ed1c hay th\u00edch \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u00e1i T\u00f4ng kh\u00e1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong c\u00e1c s\u1eed, qu\u1ea3n h\u1ea1t ch\u00ednh b\u1ed9 t\u1ed9c m\u00ecnh. Nh\u00e0 D\u01b0\u1eddng \u00edt ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch v\u1ed7 v\u1ec1 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1, th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y v\u0103n tr\u1ee9ng thu thu\u1ebf c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 t\u1ed9c thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1, njj\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00f3a v\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c danh ti\u1ebfng v\u00e0 l\u1ea1i th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean ban t\u1eb7ng v\u1eadt ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ec3 v\u00f4 v\u1ec1, t\u1ea7m \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng. b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecbnh. N\u0103m 630, \u0110u\u1eddng Th\u00e1i T\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 l\u1ea1c thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 t\u00f4n l\u00e0m \u201c\u0110\u1ea1i Kh\u1ea3 H\u00e3n\u201d . C\u1ed3ng ch\u00faa V\u0103n Th\u00e0nh C\u00e1c chuy\u00ean th\u1ea7n v\u1ec9\u1ea8ng gi\u1eefa nh\u00e0 B\u1eed\u1eddng v\u00f3nc\u00e1c nottc l\u00e0n bang C\u00f4ng ch\u00faa V\u0103n Th\u00e0nh (625 - 680) l\u00e0 d\u00f2ng V\u00e0o l\u00fac nh\u00e0 \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ecbnh tr\u1ecb, bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n th\u00f4ng d\u00f5i nh\u00e0 \u0110u\u1eebng, t\u1eeb b\u00e9 \u0111\u00e3 th\u00f4ng minh, hi\u1ebfu h\u1ecdc, th\u01b0\u01a1ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn Trung Hoa l\u00e0m \u0103n ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u. t\u00e0i m\u1ea1o song to\u00e0n. Nh\u1eefng qu\u1ed1c gia giao l\u01b0u bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c1 nh\u01b0 Tri\u1ec1u Ti\u00ean (ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 b\u00e1n N\u0103m 641, c\u00f4ng ch\u00faa V\u0103n Th\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea3o Tri\u1ec1u Ti\u00ean g\u1ed3m T\u00e2n La, B\u00e1ch T\u1ebf, Cao Ly), Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc Trung \u00c1 nh\u01b0 Toquz Oghuz t\u00f9y t\u00f2ng do l\u1ec5 b\u1ed9 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u01b0 L\u00fd \u0110\u1ea1o T\u00f4ng d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a Uzbekistan, c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc T\u00e2y \u00c1 nh\u01b0 Ba T\u01b0, \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1ef1c (\u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c \u1ea2 R\u1eadp) v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c Byzantine \u0111\u1ea9u, h\u1ed9 t\u1ed1ng v\u00e0o T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng, k\u1ebft h\u00f4n v\u1edbi T\u00f9ng n\u1eb1m v\u1eaft ngang \u00c1 \u00c2u, c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc Nam \u00c1 ng\u00e0y nay nh\u01b0 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal, T\u00e1n C\u00e1n B\u1ed1. T\u00f9ng T\u00e1n C\u00e1n B\u1ed1 vui m\u1eebng kh\u00f4n Bhutan, Sri Lanka, Maldives c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i qu\u1ed1c gia nh\u1ecf kh\u00e1c \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1. D\u00e2n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng k\u1ec3, \u0111\u00edch t\u00e2n t\u1eeb Lhasa t\u1edbi B\u00e1 Mai \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3n r\u01b0\u1edbc, qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean lui t\u1edbi Trung Hoa, h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 mang theo phong t\u1ee5c t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n m\u00e0 c\u00f2n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng th\u00e0nh qu\u00e1ch v\u00e0 cung \u0111i\u1ec7n ri\u00eang c\u00f2n truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 nh\u1eefng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o nh\u01b0 Ho\u1ea3 gi\u00e1o, Mani gi\u00e1o, C\u1ea3nh gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 H\u1ed5i gi\u00e1o, nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m cho c\u00f4ng ch\u00faa V\u0103n Th\u00e0nh. phong ph\u00fa th\u00eam v\u0103n h\u00f3a t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a Trung Hoa. C\u00f4ng ch\u00faa V\u0103n Th\u00e0nh mang theo r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u kinh s\u00e1ch, thi th\u01a1, kinh Ph\u1eadt, s\u00e1ch y v\u00e0 s\u00e1ch d\u1ea1y s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, ch\u00ea' t\u00e1c... c\u00f2n mang theo l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c, h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng, v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c. Sau khi v\u00e0o T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng, c\u00f4ng ch\u00faa V\u00e3n Th\u00e0nh d\u1ea1y c\u00e1ch t\u00ednh l\u1ecbch ph\u00e1p, truy\u1ec1n ngh\u1ec1 th\u00eau th\u00f9a cho ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef, t\u00edch c\u1ef1c truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 nh\u1eefng tinh hoa c\u1ee7a d\u00e0n t\u1ed9c. Khi \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng Cao T\u00f4ng c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng, V\u0103n Thanh c\u00f4ng ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 xin v\u1edbi tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh ph\u00e1i th\u1ee3 gi\u1ecfi t\u1edbi T\u1ea7y T\u1ea1ng d\u1ea1y n\u1ea5u r\u01b0\u1ee3u, l\u00e0m gi\u1ea5y m\u1ef1c v\u00e0 nu\u00f4i t\u1eb1m, d\u1ec7t v\u1ea3i..., c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng l\u1edbn trong vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng. _ Hi\u1ec7n nay \u1edf Lhasa v\u1eabn c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1edd c\u00f4ng ch\u00faa V\u0103n Th\u00e0nh trong cung \u0111i\u1ec7n Potala (cung B\u1ed1 \u0110\u1ea1t La) v\u00e0 ch\u00f9a Jokhang (chua O\u1ea1i Chi\u00eau), th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 tri \u00e2n v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1edb c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c T\u1ea1ng v\u1edbi s\u1ee9 gi\u1ea3 c\u00f9a t\u00ecnh h\u1eefu h\u1ea3o \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. ^178","H\u00f2a th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Gi\u00e1m Ch\u00e2n t i l Gi\u00e1m Ch\u00e1n nh\u1eadn l\u1edfi B\u00e2ng da Sau khi Huy\u1ec3n Trang m\u1ea5t tr\u00f2n 90 n\u0103m, h\u00f2a N\u0103m 742, hai t\u0103ng nh\u00e2n Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n l\u00e0 Ph\u1ed5 Chi\u1ebfu th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Gi\u00e1m Ch\u00e2n D\u00f4ng du truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 Vinh Du\u1ec7 t\u1edbi th\u0103m h\u00f2a th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Gi\u00e1m Ch\u00e2n, c\u1ee7a Trung Hoa t\u1edbi Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh minh ng\u01b0\u1eddi am hi\u1ec3u kinh Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ch\u1ee9ng cho t\u00ecnh h\u1eefu h\u1ea3o Trung - Nh\u1eadt. g\u1eedi l\u1eddi m\u1eddi c\u1ee7a thi\u00ean ho\u00e0ng s\u00ec\u00edomu t\u1edbi Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o. Gi\u00e1m Ch\u00e2n vui m\u1eebng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd v\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n Gi\u00e1m Ch\u00e2n (687 - 763) t\u00ean t\u1ee5c l\u00e0 Thu\u1ea5n b\u1ecb l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c, \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00f9a xu\u00e2n n\u0103m sau Vu, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u0103ng nh\u00e2n th\u1eddi \u0110u\u1eddng, n\u1ed5i danh nh\u1edd s\u1ebd t\u1edbi Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, nh\u01b0ng t\u1eeb th\u00e1ng 12 n\u0103m 743, \u00f4ng truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0o Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n. \u0111\u00e3 n\u0103m l\u1ea9n \u0110\u00f4ng du m\u00e0 v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng. Trong \u0111\u00f3 n\u0103m 748, trong l\u1ea9n th\u1ee9 n\u0103m xu\u1ea5t d\u01b0\u01a1ng Khi 14 tu\u1ed5i, Gi\u00e1m Ch\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0o ch\u00f9a \u0110\u1ea1i \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 gi\u00e1 r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eaft: Vinh Du\u1ec7 m\u1ea5t do b\u1ec7nh V\u00e2n. N\u0103m 705, \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ecd gi\u1edbi. N\u0103m 707, n\u1eb7ng, Gi\u00e1m Ch\u00e2n m\u00f9 c\u1ea3 hai m\u1eaft, 36 th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ea3 Gi\u00e1m Ch\u00e2n t\u1edbi L\u1ea1c D\u01b0\u01a1ng, sau \u0111\u00f3 t\u1edbi Tr\u01b0\u1eddng An. ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt l\u1eabn ng\u01b0\u1eddi Hoa \u0111\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t hi sinh t\u00ednh m\u1ea1ng, nh\u01b0ng Gi\u00e1m Ch\u00e2n quy\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecf cu\u1ed9c. T\u00f4n ch\u1ec9 nh\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt c\u1ee7a h\u00f2a th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Gi\u00e1m Ch\u00e2n Th\u00e1ng_ 1 n\u0103m 754, Gi\u00e1m Ch\u00e2n khi \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 68 tu\u1ed5i, r\u1ea5t s\u00e2u xa, nh\u1eefng n\u0103m cu\u1ed1i \u0111\u1eddi, t\u0103ng nh\u00e2n Nh\u1eadt v\u1eabn d\u1eabn theo h\u01a1n 20 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc thuy\u1ec1n B\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 m\u1eddi \u00f4ng \u0110\u00f4ng du truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p, g\u1ed7, v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u0169ng t\u1edbi d\u01b0\u1ee3c Kyushu, Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n. Gi\u00e1m Ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed5ng \u00fd. Tr\u1ea3i qua r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec3u gian kho, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u00f4ng c\u0169ng t\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, truy\u1ec1n Gi\u00e1m Ch\u00e2n nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 hoan ngh\u00eanh n\u1ed3ng b\u00e1 d\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a nh\u00e0 D\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi h\u1eadu c\u1ee7a tri\u00e9u \u0111\u00ecnh Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n. Sau \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng \u1edf l\u1ea1i m\u1ea5t, c\u00f4ng lao v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng to l\u1edbn. Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n g\u00e1n mu\u1eebi n\u0103m, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecd gi\u1edbi t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y, gi\u1ea3ng kinh cho r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n mang Giao Itrti v\u00e0n h\u00f3a Trang - Nh\u1eadt t\u1edbi ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac, \u0111i\u00eau kh\u1eafc, b\u00edch h\u1ecda, nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1... c\u00f3 c\u1ed1ng hi\u1ebfn quan tr\u1ecdng trong giao l\u01b0u v\u0103n N\u01b0\u1edbc Nh\u1eadt t\u00ean g\u1ecdi c\u0169 l\u00e0 Oa qu\u1ed1c, b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea9u giao h\u00f3a Trung Nh\u1eadt. l\u01b0u ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c v\u1edbi Trung Hoa t\u1eeb th\u1eddi H\u00e1n, t\u1edbi \u0111\u1eddi \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00ean th\u00e0nh Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n. m Th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1a v\u1ea3n h\u1ecdc th\u1eebi D\u01b0\u1eddng Giao l\u01b0u v\u0103n h\u00f3a Trung - Nh\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh Th\u01a1 ca v\u1edbi d\u1ec1 t\u00e0i r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn, s\u1ed1 lu\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec3u, mang t\u1ef1u r\u1ef1c r\u1ee1 v\u00e0o \u0111\u1eddi \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng. T\u1eeb n\u0103m 630 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m t\u1ec9nh ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt k\u1ebft tinh d\u1eb7c s\u1eafc l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho 838, Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c ph\u00e1i s\u1ee9 th\u1ea9n sang n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1eddi \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng, nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m cho \u0111\u1ebfn Trung Hoa mu\u1eddi ba l\u1ea9n, l\u1ea7n \u00edt nh\u1ea5t l\u1eb1 250 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ng\u00e0y nay c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua. Theo cu\u1ed1n \u201cTo\u00e0n nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 500-600 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u1ecd giao th\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng Du\u1eebng thi\u201d, \u0111\u1eddi \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 h\u01a1n 2.300 nh\u00e0 th\u01a1, \u0111\u00f3ng thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n n\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng. g\u00f3p h\u01a1n 48.000 b\u00e0i th\u01a1. T\u1eeb S\u01a1 \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ebfn Th\u1ecbnh \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ea7 c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i ho\u00e0ng kim, ti\u00ean th\u01a1 L\u00fd Th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3, \u0111o\u00e0n s\u1ee9 th\u1ea7n t\u1edbi nh\u00e0 \u0110u\u1eddng r\u1ea5t ho\u00e0nh B\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 th\u00e1nh th\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed7 Ph\u1ee7 c\u00f9ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0o th\u1eddi tr\u00e1ng, ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ea1i s\u1ee9, ph\u00f3 s\u1ee9, ph\u00e1n quan, l\u1ee5c s\u1ef1, gian n\u00e0y, nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u00e1nh h\u00e0o quang ph\u1ea3n chi\u1ebfu l\u1ea5p phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ea5y lang, th\u1ea7y \u00e2m d\u01b0\u01a1ng, h\u1ecda \u1ec9\u00e1nh. s\u0129, s\u1eed gia, nh\u1ea1c gia, th\u1ee3 ng\u1ecdc, th\u1ee3 \u0111\u00fac, th\u1ee3 r\u00e8n, th\u1ee3 s\u1eeda thuy\u1ec1n, th\u1ee7y th\u1ee7 vai t\u0103ng nh\u00e2n, du h\u1ecdc Sau lo\u1ea1n An S\u1eed, th\u01a1 ca \u0111i v\u00e0o giai \u0111o\u1ea1n Trung sinh... H\u1ecd mang t\u1edbi nh\u00e0 \u0110u\u1eebng r\u1ea9t nhi\u1ec1u m\u00f3n l\u1ec5 \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng, d\u00f2ng th\u01a1 ca l\u1ea1c ph\u00f9 m\u1edbi v\u1edbi t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u v\u1eadt nh\u01b0 tr\u00e2n ch\u00e2u, l\u1ee5a, h\u1ed5 ph\u00e1ch, ng\u1ecdc m\u00e3 n\u00e3o... B\u1ea1ch C\u01b0 D\u1ecb, ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed7i c\u00f9ng c\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n Nh\u00e0 \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng c\u0169ng g\u1eedi t\u1edbi nh\u1eefng h\u00e0ng th\u00eau d\u1ec7t cao d\u00e2n. T\u1edbi cu\u1ed1i nh\u00e0 D\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi th\u1ebf n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ee5v c\u1ea5p, \u0111\u1ed5 gom, nh\u1ea1c c\u1ee5 kinh s\u00e1ch v\u0103n h\u00f3a.. t\u00e0n v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n, phong c\u00e1ch th\u01a1 ca thay \u0111\u1ed1i nhi\u1ec3u, nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 thg mang t\u00e2m tr\u1ea1ng u bu\u1ed5n nh\u01b0 Nh\u1eefng du h\u1ecdc sinh ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt \u1edf l\u1ea1i Trung Hoa 0\u1ed6 M\u1ee5c, L\u00fd Th\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ea8n d\u1eabn \u0111\u00e1u xu th\u1ebf v\u0103n \u0111\u00e0n. trong th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i, h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng t\u1edbi Tr\u01b0\u1eddng An \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 chuy\u00ean ng\u00e0nh, k\u00eat Ngo\u00e0i th\u01a1 ca, v\u0103n nh\u00e2n th\u1eddi \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f2n l\u00e0m lan giao th\u00e2m t\u00ecnh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u01a1, h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3, c\u00f3 c\u1ed1ng t\u1ecfa v\u0103n bi\u1ec3n ng\u1eabu v\u00e0 c\u1ed5 v\u0103n. H\u00e0n D\u0169, Li\u1ec5u T\u00f4ng hi\u1ebfn l\u1edbn cho giao l\u01b0u v\u0103n h\u00f3a Trung - Nh\u1eadt. Nguy\u00ean... ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9ng phong tr\u00e0o c\u1ed5 v\u0103n, ph\u00e1t huy d\u00f2ng v\u0103n h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng c\u00e2u n\u1ec7 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c th\u1eddi T\u1ea9n H\u00e1n, ch\u00f9 truong th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng n\u1ed9i dung ch\u00e2n th\u1ef1c c\u00f9a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1edbi th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i t\u1ea3n v\u0103n sau n\u00e0y. 179","\u25a0 8 BITiI\u00e8n th\u01a1 L\u00fd B\u1ea1ch nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1edf nguy\u1ec7n. Nh\u1eefng tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng L\u00fd B\u1ea1ch (701 - 762), t\u1ef1 Th\u00e1i B\u1ea1ch, hi\u1ec7u l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n r\u00f5 trong c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m, ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh Thanh Li\u00ean c\u01b0 s\u0129, l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1eddi \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng. (l\u1ed7i bi ai c\u1ee7a k\u1ebb hi\u1ec1n s\u0129 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ed1n dung th\u00e2n, \u00f4ng l\u00e0m r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u b\u00e0i th\u01a1, 900 b\u00e0i v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Th\u1eddi tu\u1ed5i tr\u1ebb, L\u00fd B\u1ea1ch t\u1eebng \u0111i chu du kh\u1eb3p l\u01b0u truy\u00e9n \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Giang v\u00e0 Ho\u00e0ng H\u00e0, c\u0169ng t\u1eebng t\u1edbi Tr\u01b0\u1eddng An \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea9u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng quan l\u1ed9 nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea5t C\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m th\u01a1 c\u1ee7a L\u00fd B\u1ea1ch \u0111a ph\u1ea9n theo \u0111\u1eafc ch\u00ed. N\u0103m 742, L\u00fd B\u1ea1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng Huy\u1ec1n phong c\u00e1ch l\u00e3ng m\u1ea1n, c\u00f3 h\u01a1i h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u1ea7n ti\u00ean T\u00f4ng tri\u1ec7u v\u00e0o Tr\u01b0\u1eddng An, phong l\u00e0m H\u00e0n L\u00e2m, c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1o gi\u00e1o, khuynh hu\u1edbng ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1eb7c nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 hai n\u0103m sau do kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ecfa s\u1eafc, tinh t\u1ebf, nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi g\u1ecdi nguy\u1ec7n m\u00e0 t\u1eeb quan r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi kinh \u0111\u00f4. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u1ea9n l\u00e0 \u201cTi\u00ean th\u01a1\u201d. c\u01b0, nh\u01b0ng L\u00fd B\u1ea1ch v\u1eabn khao kh\u00e1t l\u1eadp n\u00ean s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p. C\u0169ng trong th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a L\u00fd B\u1ea1ch d\u1ea7n d\u1ea9n tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh. Sau lo\u1ea1n An S\u1eed, L\u00fd B\u1ea1ch nh\u1eadn l\u1eddi v\u00e0o tr\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a Vinh V\u01b0\u01a1ng L\u00fd L\u00e2n, mong c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t ph\u1ea3n lo\u1ea1n, th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t giang s\u01a1n. Sau \u0111\u00f3 V\u0129nh V\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1ecb \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng T\u00fac T\u00f4ng gi\u1ebft ch\u1ebft, \u00f4ng c\u0169ng b\u1ecb li\u00ean l\u1ee5y nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1 t\u1ed9i. N\u0103m 59 tu\u1ed5i, \u00f4ng l\u01b0u l\u1ea1c t\u1edbi Giang Nam. L\u00fd B\u1ea1ch c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eddi lo cho x\u00e3 t\u1eafc, b\u1ea5t m\u00e3n v\u1edbi th\u1ebf cu\u1ed9c \u0111en t\u1ed1i, mong l\u1eadp c\u00f4ng cho \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, Th\u00e1nh th\u01a1 D\u1ed7 Ph\u1ee7 gia \u0111\u00ecnh t\u1edbi T\u1ee9 Xuy\u00ean, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng ch\u1ebft b\u1ec7nh tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc thuy\u1ec1n gi\u1eefa d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng T\u01b0\u01a1ng. \u0110\u1ed6 Ph\u1ee7 (712 - 770), t\u1ef1 T\u1eed M\u0129, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi sau g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ed7 Thi\u1ebfu L\u0103ng, D\u1ed7 C\u00f4ng B\u1ed9. \u00f4ng xu\u1ea5t \u0110\u1ed7 Ph\u1ee7 c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eddi s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c h\u01a1n 1.400 th\u00e2n trong m\u1ed9t gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u00f3 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u0103n b\u00e0i th\u01a1, ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh s\u00e2u s\u1eafc di\u1ec7n h\u1ecdc, l\u00e0 ch\u00e1u n\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed7 Th\u1ea9m Ng\u00f4n. m\u1ea1o x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 sau lo\u1ea1n An Khi l\u00ean 7 tu\u1ed5i, \u00f4ng b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea9u l\u00e0m th\u01a1, 15 tu\u1ed5i \u0111\u00e3 S\u1eed, k\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec7n sinh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1ec3 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng xa g\u1ea7n. cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi m\u00ecnh, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ho\u00e0n m\u0129 v\u00e0 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t gi\u1eefa T\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u0103m Khai Nguy\u00ean t\u1edbi s\u01a1 ni\u00ean Thi\u00ean n\u1ed9i dung t\u01b0 tu\u1edfng v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c B\u1ea3o, \u0110\u1ed7 Ph\u1ee7 t\u1ef1 do phi\u00eau l\u00e3ng, \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng t\u1edbi L\u1ea1c ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt, l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n ti\u00eau D\u01b0\u01a1ng thi ti\u1ebfn s\u0129, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed7. Sau n\u0103m 35 bi\u1ec3u cho th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u c\u1ee7a tu\u1ed5i, D\u1ed6 Ph\u1ee7 b\u1ecb giam l\u1ecfng \u1edf Tr\u01b0\u1eddng An, kh\u1ed1n th\u01a1 ca \u0111\u1eddi \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f3 m\u1ecdi b\u1ec1, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn mong m\u1ecfi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng quan ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1eddi sau ca t\u1ee5ng l\u1ed9, song b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eafc ch\u00ed. Sau m\u01b0\u1eddi n\u0103m ch\u1eadt v\u1eadt, l\u00e0 \u201cTh\u00e1nh th\u01a1\u201d , c\u00f2n \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c phong m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9c quan nh\u1ecf. c\u00e1c b\u00e0i th\u01a1 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cTh\u00e1nh Sau khi lo\u1ea1n An S\u1eed n\u1ed5 ra, \u00f4ng b\u1ecb qu\u00e2n ph\u1ea3n s\u1eed\u201d . lo\u1ea1n b\u1ea5t l\u00e0m t\u00f9 binh, sau \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ea1y tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi Tr\u01b0\u1eddng An, t\u1edbi Ph\u1ee5ng T\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng T\u00fac T\u00f4ng phong l\u00e0m H\u1eefu Thi\u1ec7p Di, sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea1i b\u1ecb gi\u00e1ng ch\u1ee9c, \u0111i\u1ec1u ra kh\u1ecfi Tr\u01b0\u1eddng An. Kh\u00f4ng l\u00e2u sau, \u00f4ng lang b\u1ea1t \u1edf v\u00f9ng T\u00e2y Nam, cu\u1ed1i \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0a # 180","^ ir n r n n n 1 r m n r H\u00f3a ra tr\u00ean \u0111\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ea9n ti\u00ean nh\u01b0 Qu\u1ea3ng Th\u00e0nh T\u1eed th\u1eadt.\\\" Ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf phong cho \u00f4ng t\u01b0\u1edbc hi\u1ec7u, D\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u1ed1n Ttf N\u1ea1c nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i. T\u00f4n T\u01b0 M\u1ea1c l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u00f4ng Nguy\u00ean, Kinh Cao T\u00f4ng n\u1ed1i ng\u00f4i, m\u1eddi \u00f4ng l\u00e0m gi\u00e1m ngh\u1ecb Tri\u1ec7u, sinh v\u00e0o th\u1eddi nh\u00e0 T\u00f9y (n\u0103m 581), m\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea1i phu, nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng m\u1ed9t m\u1ef1c kh\u00f4ng nghe. Kh\u00ed v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1eddi \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng (n\u0103m 682), h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ecd 102 T\u00f4n T\u01b0 M\u1ea1c quay v\u1ec1 \u1edf \u1ea9n, Cao T\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 ban cho tu\u1ed5i (c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f2n n\u00f3i \u00f4ng s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 141 n\u0103m), \u00f4ng ng\u1ef1a qu\u00fd'v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 t\u01b0 dinh. Ngay c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng l\u00e0 th\u1ea9y thu\u1ed1c n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng Trung Hoa v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, nh\u00e2n s\u0129 th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0 T\u1ed1ng L\u1ec7nh V\u0103n, L\u00f4 Chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n l\u00e0m \u201cD\u01b0\u1ee3c V\u01b0\u01a1ng\u201d. L\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec1u coi \u00f4ng nh\u01b0 s\u01b0 huynh, th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean lui t\u1edbi ch\u1ed7 \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea1o. N\u0103m 7 tu\u1ed5i, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecdc s\u00e1ch, m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y c\u1ea3 ngh\u00ecn c\u1ea7u. T\u1edbi n\u0103m 20 tu\u1ed5i, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 Trong cu\u1ed1n \u201cThi\u00ean Kim Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng\u201d , T\u00f4n T\u01b0 M\u1ea1c h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft c\u00f9a L\u00e3o T\u1eed, Trang T\u1eed, tinh th\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1 cao y \u0111\u1ee9c, \u0111\u1ebfn nay nhi\u1ec1u lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng c\u00e1c kinh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 b\u1eadc v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111em ra b\u00e0n lu\u1eadn. T\u00f4n T\u01b0 M\u1ea1c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u00ec t\u00e0i. \u00f4ng ngh\u0129 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng quan l\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 danh s\u0129 gi\u1ecfi y thu\u1eadt, gi\u00e0u y \u0111\u1ee9c, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n do n\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh phong ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1ch ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea9y thu\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ed9c song \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i. T\u00f9y V\u0103n \u0110\u00ea' sau h\u1ebft l\u1eddi truy\u00e9n t\u1ee5ng. phong \u00f4ng l\u00e0m qu\u1ed1c t\u1eed b\u00e1c s\u0129, nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng quy\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn. Khi l\u00ean ng\u00f4i, \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u00e1i T\u00f4ng tri\u1ec7u T\u00f4n T\u01b0 M\u1ea1c v\u00e0o kinh, th\u1ea5y \u00f4ng 50 tu\u1ed5i m\u00e0 s\u1eafc m\u1eb7t v\u1eabn h\u1ed5ng h\u00e0o, th\u00e2n h\u00ecnh kh\u1ecfe kho\u1ea5n b\u00e8n th\u1ed1t l\u00ean: \u201c Ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1o th\u1eadt \u0111\u00e1ng k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng. mnm th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7p\u201d , \u201cH\u1ed4 Ch\u00e2u thi\u1ec7p\u201d .., tr\u00ean bia \u0111\u00e1 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u201c\u0110a B\u1ea3o Th\u00e1p bi\u201d, \u201c\u0110\u00f4ng phu\u01a1ng Nhan c\u1ea3n - Li\u1ec5u c\u1ed1t s\u00f3c ho\u1ea1 t\u00e1n bi\u201d, \u201c Ma C\u00f4 ti\u00ean \u0111\u00e0n k\u00ed\u201d ... Nhan Ch\u00e2n Khanh v\u00e0 Li\u1ec5u C\u00f4ng Quy\u1ec1n l\u00e0 hai Li\u1ec5u C\u00f4ng Quy\u1ec1n, t\u1ef1 Th\u00e0nh Huy\u1ec1n, qu\u00ea Hoa nh\u00e0 th\u01b0 ph\u00e1p n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u1eddi \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng. Ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Nguy\u00ean, Kinh Tri\u1ec7u, t\u1eebng l\u00e0m th\u1ecb th\u01b0 h\u1ecdc s\u0129, Nhan Ch\u00e2n Khanh \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1eb7n, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u00fat h\u1eebng h\u1ef1c trung th\u01b0 x\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, h\u00e0n l\u00e2m th\u01b0 chi\u1ebfu h\u1ecdc s\u0129, nhu\u1ec7 kh\u00ed. C\u00f2n ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Li\u1ec5u C\u00f4ng Quy\u1ec1n th\u00e1i t\u1eed th\u00e1i b\u1ea3o trong H\u00e0n L\u00e2m vi\u1ec7n. Li\u1ec5u C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea9y uy l\u1ef1c, r\u1eafn r\u1ecfi n\u00f4n ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta m\u1edbi so s\u00e1nh l\u00e0 Quy\u1ec1n th\u1eb3ng th\u1eafn, d\u00e1m n\u00f3i l\u1eddi th\u1ef1c t\u00e2m, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u201c Nhan c\u00e2n - Li\u1ec5u c\u1ed1t\u201d. vua \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng V\u0103n T\u00f4ng t\u00e1n d\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 y\u00eau qu\u00fd. Nhan Ch\u00e2n Khanh, t\u1ef1 l\u00e0 Thanh Th\u1ea7n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Li\u1ec5u C\u00f4ng Quy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb nh\u1ecf \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ebfu h\u1ecdc, n\u0103m 12 V\u1ea1n Ni\u00ean, Kinh Tri\u1ec7u, \u00f4ng t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e0 th\u01b0 tu\u1ed5i vi\u1ebft t\u1eeb ph\u00fa, tinh th\u00f4ng kinh s\u00e1ch, hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 ph\u00e1p ti\u1ebfng t\u0103m l\u1eebng l\u1eaby Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng H\u00fac t\u1eadn t\u00ecnh \u00e2m lu\u1eadt, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1ecfi th\u01b0 ph\u00e1p. Trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y, c\u00f2n ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u01b0 nh\u00e0 Kh\u1ea3i th\u01b0 Ng\u1ee5y T\u1ea5n v\u00e0 S\u01a1 \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng, \u00f4ng l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 danh ti\u1ebfng kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 Th\u00e1i Ung, V\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 t\u1ea9m \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng s\u00e2u r\u1ed9ng nh\u1ea5t, n\u00e9t b\u00fat Hi Chi, V\u01b0\u01a1ng Hi\u1ebfn Chi, Ch\u1eed To\u1ea1i L\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u00f4ng r\u1eafn r\u1ecfi, \u0111\u1ea9y kh\u00ed ph\u00e1ch, k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t, h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 nh\u1eefng tinh hoa c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i tr\u01b0\u1edbc, t\u1ef1 x\u00e2y th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t phong c\u00e1ch ri\u00eang. Nh\u1eefng bia ch\u1eef d\u1ef1ng cho m\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t phong c\u00e1ch th\u01b0 ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ed9c c\u00f3 b\u00fat t\u00edch c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng c\u00f2n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec3u, n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1o, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 Kh\u1ea3i th\u01b0, n\u00e9t b\u00fat d\u1ecdc phi\u00eau s\u1ed5 \u201c Huy\u1ec1n B\u00ed th\u00e1p bi\u201d, \u201c Kim C\u01b0\u01a1ng kinh\u201d , \u201cTh\u1ea7n \u0111\u1eadm, th\u1ea7n b\u00fat m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea9y \u0111\u1eb7n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta g\u1ecdi s\u00e1ch qu\u00e2n bi\u201d , b\u00fat t\u00edch tr\u00ean gi\u1ea5y chi c\u00f2n \u201cT\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 ch\u1eef \u2019\u2018Nhan th\u1ec3\u201d . H\u00e0nh th\u01b0 v\u00e0 Th\u1ea3o th\u01b0 c\u1ee7a L\u00ea thi\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ec1 b\u1ea1t\u201d. \u00f4ng h\u1ed5n h\u1eadu, ngang d\u1ecdc ph\u1ea9y m\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eadm \u0111\u00e0. Nh\u1eefng di b\u00fat tr\u00ean gi\u1ea5y c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay c\u00f3 \u201cTr\u00fac S\u01a1n \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng li\u00ean c\u00fa thi thi\u1ec7p\u201d , \u201cC\u00e1o \u201c \u2019i","Th\u00e1nh h\u1ecda Ng\u1ed1 D\u1ea1o T\u1eed \u1edf cung O\u1ea1i D\u1ed5ng, m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a b\u00fat v\u1ebd phong c\u1ea3nh h\u01a1n 300 d\u1eb7m c\u1ee7a Gia L\u0103ng, \u0111\u1ee7 th\u1ea5y Ng\u00f4 \u0110\u1ea1o T\u1eed (kho\u1ea3ng 685 - 758), l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ef1 quan s\u00e1t tinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. DU\u00fcng C\u00f9, H\u00e0 Nam, s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0o th\u1eddi k\u00ec c\u1ef1c th\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng. Ng\u00f4 \u0110\u1ea1o T\u1eed kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u00fat t\u00edch l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n h\u1eadu th\u1ebf. B\u1ee9c tranh \u201cT\u1ed1ng t\u1eed thi\u00ean v\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed5\u201d t\u01b0\u01a1ng Ng\u00f4 \u0110\u1ea1o T\u1eed thu\u1edf nh\u1ecf b\u1ea7n h\u00e0n, ham v\u1ebd tranh, truy\u1ec1n l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1eddi nh\u00e0 t\u1eebng h\u1ecdc qua th\u01b0 ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng H\u00fac, H\u1ea1 Tri T\u1ed1ng. N\u1ed9i dung v\u1ebd Ph\u1eadt Th\u00edch-ca M\u00e2u-ni ch\u00e0o Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng. Nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c tranh c\u1ee7a Ng\u00f4 \u0110\u1ea1o T\u1eed ti\u00eau \u0111\u1eddi, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cha l\u00e0 T\u1ecbnh Ph\u1ea1n v\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 m\u1eb9 l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u cho nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u v\u1ec1 h\u1ed9i h\u1ecda c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i, ho\u00e0ng h\u1eadu Maya b\u1ebf \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ea7n mi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 tri\u1ec1u t\u1ebf, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi sau suy t\u00f4n l\u00e0 \u201cTh\u00e1nh h\u1ecda\u201d, c\u00e1c c\u00e1c ch\u01b0 th\u1ea7n v\u1ed9i v\u00e0ng qu\u1ef3 s\u1ee5p v\u00e1i l\u1ea1y. th\u1ee3 v\u1ebd d\u00e2n gian c\u0169ng t\u00f4n l\u00e0m s\u01b0 t\u1ed5. Nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c tranh v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Ng\u00f4 \u0110\u1ea1o Gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng n\u0103m Thi\u00ean B\u1ea3o, D\u01b0\u1eddng Huy\u1ec1n T\u1eed s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 h\u1ed9i h\u1ecda Ng\u00f4 Gia, c\u00f3 T\u00f4ng tu\u1ea7n du xu\u1ed1ng s\u00f4ng Gia L\u0103ng, \u0111em theo phong c\u00e1ch nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng phi\u00eau du, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng s\u00e2u c\u1ea3 Ng\u00f4 D\u1ea1o T\u1eed. Khi v\u1ec1 cung, Huy\u1ec1n T\u00f4ng h\u1ecfi r\u1ed9ng t\u1edbi tranh Ph\u1eadt nh\u00e0 \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng. \u00f4ng v\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng g\u00ec. \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1p: \u201cTh\u1ea9n kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n gi\u1ea5y m\u1ef1c, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u1eafc ghi trong t\u00e2m kh\u1ea3m.\u201d Nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 b\u00edch h\u1ecda T\u1eed b\u1ed9 y \u0111i\u1ec3n G\u1ed1m Tam Th\u00e1i \u0111\u1eebi n\u01b0\u1eddng \u201cT\u1ee9 b\u1ed9 y \u0111i\u1ec3n\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c danh y d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c T\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 G\u1ed1m Tam Th\u00e1i \u0111\u1eddi \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi chung Nguy\u00ean \u0110an c\u1ed1ng B\u1ed1 bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng th\u1ebf cho c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m g\u1ed1m s\u1ee9 men ng\u1ecdc. Tam Th\u00e1i k\u1ec9 th\u1ee9 8. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i phu d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c T\u1ea1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u m\u00e0u s\u1eafc, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec1u coi n\u00f3 l\u00e0 cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch g\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea7u gi\u01b0\u1eddng, ch\u1ec9 g\u1ed1m c\u00f3 ba m\u00e0u. d\u1ea7n d\u1ea9n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch c\u00f4ng phu nh\u01b0 ng\u00e0y nay. G\u1ed1m tr\u00e1ng men \u0111\u1eddi \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ef1c th\u1ecbnh, c\u00e1c th\u1ee3 g\u1ed1m l\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 d\u00f9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc men tr\u00e1ng ngo\u00e0i B\u1ed9 s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 s\u00e1ch kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n m\u00e0 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 nhi\u1ec1u \u00f4x\u00edt kim lo\u1ea1i r\u1ed5i cho nung trong l\u00f2 g\u1ed1m v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ed1c thu\u1ed1c n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a t\u1ed9c T\u1ea1ng c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu. B\u1ed9 s\u00e1ch c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 v\u00e0o khu v\u00ecnhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao, th\u1ebf b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t g\u1ed1m c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u m\u00e0u v\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c M\u00f4ng c\u1ed5 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y d\u00f9ng l\u00e0m t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 thu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 tr\u00ean s\u00e1ng b\u00f3ng, b\u1ea5t m\u1ea5t. c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u00f3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh y h\u1ecdc mang m\u00e0u s\u1eafc G\u1ed1m Tam Th\u00e1i c\u00f3 n\u01b0\u1edbc men b\u00f3ng l\u00e1ng, m\u00e0u b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba M\u00f4ng c\u1ed5. men g\u1ed3m v\u00e0ng, xanh, tr\u1eafng ho\u1eb7c v\u00e0ng t\u01b0\u01a1i, \u201cT\u1ee9 b\u1ed9 y \u0111i\u1ec3n\u201d mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 ch\u00e2n th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 chi ti\u1ebft xanh l\u1ee5c, xanh lam, v\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea5t... Ch\u00fang h\u00f2a tr\u1ed9n t\u1eeb l\u00ed lu\u1eadn t\u1edbi th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng, t\u1eeb nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n v\u00e0o nhau l\u00e0m n\u00ean v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc men Tam b\u1ec7nh, b\u1ec7nh l( t\u1edbi ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n, \u0111i\u1ec3u tr\u1ecb, t\u1eeb c\u00e2y Th\u00e1i. G\u1ed1m Tam Th\u00e1i \u0111\u1eddi \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m m\u0129 thu\u1ed1c, d\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebfn b\u00e0i thu\u1ed1c, t\u1eeb v\u1ec7 sinh gi\u1eef g\u00ecn ngh\u1ec7 gi\u00e0u ch\u1ea5t ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt, t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng, s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u1edbi ch\u0103m s\u00f3c thai nhi, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c m\u00e0u s\u1eafc \u01b0a nhln, ch\u1ebf t\u00e1c c\u1ea9u k\u00ec. \u0111i\u1ec3m ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c T\u1ea1ng. Nh\u1eefng n\u1ed9i dung nh\u01b0 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a c\u1ea5c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u01a1 th\u1ec3, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1ng, nguy\u00ean t\u1ea5c \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed b\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch kh\u00e1 gi\u1ed1ng Trung y c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c H\u00e1n. T\u1eeb b\u1ed9 s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y ch\u00fang ta c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y y h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c T\u1ea1ng ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a y h\u1ecdc c\u1ed5 truy\u1ec1n \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9. \u1ec1 182","NI\u00caN BI\u1ec2U S\u1ef1 KI\u1ec6N L\u1ecaCH s\u1eed \u25a0\u25a0 \u25a0 TH\u1edcI TRUN G HOA KHU V \u1ef1 c KH\u00c1C G IA N 25 L\u01b0u T\u00fa (H\u00e1n Quang V\u0169 \u0110\u1ebf) l\u1eadp ra nh\u00e0 \u0110\u00f4ng T\u1ea5n, \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00f4 \u1edf L\u1ea1c D\u01b0\u01a1ng. 33 Jesus b\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3ng \u0111inh tr\u00ean c\u00e2y th\u1eadp t\u1ef1. 117 \u0110\u1ea1i \u0111\u00ea' Hadrianus c\u1ee7a La M\u00e3 t\u1ea1i v\u1ecb, b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed5 La M\u00e3 b\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbng nh\u1ea5t trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. 184 Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng Gi\u00e1c ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a Kh\u0103n V\u00e0ng. 189 \u0110\u1ed5ng Tr\u00e1c v\u00e0o L\u1ea1c D\u01b0\u01a1ng, l\u1eadp Hi\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ebf. Cao Ly d\u1ea7n v\u1eefng m\u1ea1nh. 190 \u0110\u1ed5ng Tr\u00e1c thi\u00eau tr\u1ee5i L\u1ea1c D\u01b0\u01a1ng, d\u1eddi \u0111\u00f4 v\u1ec1 Tr\u01b0\u1eddng An. 200 Tr\u1eadn chi\u1ebfn Quan \u0110\u1ed9. 208 Tr\u1eadn X\u00edch B\u00edch, T\u00e0o Th\u00e1o \u0111\u1ea1i b\u1ea1i. 216 T\u00e0o Th\u00e1o x\u01b0ng l\u00e0 Ng\u1ee5y v\u01b0\u01a1ng. \u2022 219 L\u01b0u B\u1ecb \u1edf H\u00e1n Trung x\u01b0ng v\u01b0\u01a1ng. 220 221 T\u00e0o Th\u00e1o qua \u0111\u1eddi. T\u00e0o Phi ph\u1ebf nh\u00e0 H\u00e1n, l\u1eadp ra nh\u00e0 Ng\u1ee5y. L\u01b0u B\u1ecb x\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ebf Th\u1ee5c H\u00e1n. 229 T\u00f4n Quy\u1ec1n x\u01b0ng \u0111\u00ea' n\u01b0\u1edbc Ng\u00f4. \u0110\u00ea' qu\u1ed1c La M\u00e3 b\u1ee9c h\u1ea1i t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed5 C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c gi\u00e1o. 249 263 Ng\u1ee5y di\u1ec7t Th\u1ee5c. 265 T\u01b0 M\u00e3 Vi\u00eam so\u00e1n ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 Ng\u1ee5y, l\u1eadp ra nh\u00e0 T\u00e2y T\u1ea5n. 280 T\u1ea5n V\u0169 \u0110\u1ebf di\u1ec7t Ng\u00f4, th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t Trung Hoa. 316 Nh\u00e0 T\u00e2y T\u1ea5n b\u1ecb di\u1ec7t, c\u00e1c t\u1ed9c thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 l\u1ea7n \u0110\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c La M\u00e3 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c gi\u00e1o. l\u01b0\u1ee3t c\u00e1t c\u1ee9 l\u1eadp n\u01b0\u1edbc. 317 T\u01b0 M\u00e3 Du\u1ec7 x\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ebf \u1edf Ki\u1ebfn Khang, l\u1eadp ra nh\u00e0 \u0110\u00f4ng T\u1ea5n. 320 \u0110\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c Gupta c\u1ee7a \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp. C\u1ed0 Kh\u1ea3i Chi, V\u01b0\u01a1ng Hi Chi l\u00e0m s\u1ed1ng d\u1eady N\u01b0\u1ee9c B\u00e1ch T\u1ebf h\u01b0ng th\u1ecbnh. 346 - N\u01b0\u1edbc T\u00e2n La m\u1ea1nh l\u00ean. gi\u1edbi v\u0103n s\u0129, th\u01a1 ca. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi German b\u00e1t \u0111\u1ea9u cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea1i di c\u01b0 (n\u0103m 356 \u0110\u1ed9ng M\u1ea1c Cao \u1edf \u0110\u00f4n Ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ed5. 375).","TH\u1edcI TRUN G HOA V\u1ef1cK H UKH\u00c1C G IA N B\u1eafc Ng\u1ee5y l\u1eadp qu\u1ed1c. H\u1ea3o Th\u00e1i V\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a Cao Ly l\u00e0m 386 s\u1ed1ng d\u1eady c\u1ea3 ban \u0111\u1ea3o Tri\u1ec1u Ti\u00ean. Nam tri\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 T\u1ed1ng l\u1eadp n\u01b0\u1edbc, sau \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0110\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c La M\u00e3 ph\u00e2n chia th\u00e0nh 395 T\u1ed1ng, T\u1ec1, L\u01b0\u01a1ng, Tr\u1ea7n thay nhau cai tr\u1ecb ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00f4ng La M\u00e3 v\u00e0 T\u00e2y La M\u00e3. Nam. 420 B\u1eafc Ng\u1ee5y Th\u00e1i V\u0169 \u0110\u00ea' th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u1eafc, V\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c Frank gi\u00e0u m\u1ea1nh. c\u00e1c tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i B\u1eafc tri\u1ec1u b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u. 439 481 Ph\u00f9ng th\u00e1i h\u1eadu B\u1eafc Ng\u1ee5y thi h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch 485 qu\u00e2n \u0111i\u1ec3n. 535 577 B\u1ea5c Ng\u1ee5y b\u1ecb chia c\u1eaft th\u00e0nh B\u1eafc T\u1ec1 v\u00e0 B\u1eafc Chu. 581 583 B\u1eafc Chu di\u1ec7t B\u1eafc T\u1ec1. 589 Du\u01a1ng Ki\u00ean di\u1ec7t B\u1eafc Chu, l\u1eadp ra nh\u00e0 T\u00f9y. \u0110\u1ed9t Quy\u1ebft chia c\u1eaft th\u00e0nh \u0110\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed9t 604 Quy\u1ebft v\u00e0 T\u00e2y \u0110\u1ed9t Quy\u1ebft. 605 T\u00f9y V\u0103n \u0110\u1ebf (D\u01b0\u01a1ng Ki\u00ean) di\u1ec7t nh\u00e0 Tr\u1ea9n, Nam 612 B\u1eafc th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t. Vua \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 Siladitya l\u1eadp ra \u0111\u00ea' qu\u1ed1c 618 D\u01b0\u01a1ng Qu\u1ea3ng n\u1ed1i ng\u00f4i, l\u00e0 T\u00f9y D\u1ea1ng \u0110\u1ebf. Harsha. 626 Tu\u1ef3 D\u1ea1ng \u0110\u00ea' m\u1edf k\u00eanh \u0111\u00e0o \u0110\u1ea1i V\u1eadn H\u00e0. 627 T\u00f9y D\u1ea1ng \u0110\u00ea' l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea9u xu\u1ea5t chinh Cao Ly th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i. 640 658 L\u00fd Uy\u00ean l\u1eadp ra nh\u00e0 \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng, l\u00ean ng\u00f4i \u1edf Tr\u01b0\u1eddng An. 668 690 L\u00fd Th\u1ebf D\u00e2n n\u1ed1i ng\u00f4i, m\u1edf ra th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i \u201cTrinh Quan 712 th\u1ecbnh tr\u1ecb\u201d. 717 751 Huy\u1ec1n Trang T\u00e2y h\u00e0nh (n\u0103m 645 v\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u1edbc). 755 875 Nh\u00e0 D\u01b0\u1eddng di\u1ec7t Cao X\u01b0\u01a1ng, l\u1eadp ra \u0111\u00f4 h\u1ed9 ph\u1ee7 An 907 T\u00e2y. Th\u00e2n chinh Cao Ly (\u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 661). Nh\u00e0 \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng di\u1ec7t Cao Ly. T\u00e2n La th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea3o Tri\u1ec1u Ti\u00ean. V\u00f5 h\u1eadu x\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ebf, qu\u1ed1c hi\u1ec7u nh\u00e0 Chu. Nh\u00e0 Abbas c\u1ee7a \u1ea2 R\u1eadp du\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp. Huy\u1ec3n T\u00f4ng k\u00ea' v\u1ecb, m\u1edf ra th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i \\\"Khai Nguy\u00ean th\u1ecbnh tr\u1ecb\u201d . Abe No Nakamaro du h\u1ecdc Trung Hoa. An L\u1ed9c S\u01a1n nh\u1eadm ch\u1ee9c ti\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a Binh L\u00f4, Ph\u1ea1m D\u01b0ong v\u00e0 H\u00e0 \u0110\u00f4ng. Lo\u1ea1n An S\u1eed, nh\u00e0 \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng suy y\u1ebfu. Kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a Ho\u00e0ng S\u00e0o. Chu To\u00e0n Trung so\u00e1n ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng, l\u1eadp ra nh\u00e0 H\u1eadu Luong."]